This study used the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) database to examine associations between opioid abuse and dependence on the cost and comobordities of Medicaid beneficiaries.

McAdam-Marx, C., Roland, C.L., Cleveland, J., Oderda, G.M. (2010). Costs of opioid abuse and misuse determined from a Medicaid database. Journal of Pain and Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 24(1): 5-18. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15360280903544877  

Authors: Carrie McAdam-Marx,‌ Carl L. Roland‌, Jody Cleveland‌ and Gary M. Oderda‌