This brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation reviews Medicaid spending growth from 2000 to 2009, focusing on the recession between 2007 and 2009. KFF notes that recession-driven enrollment growth caused Medicaid spending to increase more rapidly than overall health spending; however, per enrollee spending growth remained lower than overall health expenditures.

From the brief:

Millions of Americans lost income and health benefits as job losses mounted during the recent recession, leading many to turn to the Medicaid program to provide health benefits for themselves and their families. As a result, Medicaid monthly enrollment rose by the largest amount since the early days of program implementation, increasing by nearly 6 million (13.6%) from December 2007 to December 2009. Without this rise, the number of uninsured Americans would doubtless be larger than the 50 million uninsured in 2009.

Full Report: Medicaid Spending Growth over the Last Decade and the Great Recession, 2000-2009 (PDF | 1.28 MB)  

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2011). Medicaid spending growth over the last decade and the great recession, 2000-2009. Holahan, J., Clemans-Cope, L., Lawton, E., and Rousseau, D.