This article presents the results of a national effort to identify and describe pay-for-performance programs in behavioral health.  The authors conclude that, though pay-for-performance holds promise for advancing performance in the health care system, more intensive efforts to strengthen the quality of the behavioral health infrastructure are required. 

Bremer, R. W., Scholle, S. H., & Keyser, D. (2008). Pay for performance in behavioral health. Psychiatric Services. 59, 1419-1429. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.59.12.1419. http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/12/1419 

Authors: Robert W. Bremer, Sarah Hudson Scholle, Donna Keyser, Jeanine V. Knox Houtsinger, Harold Alan Pincus