The Urban Institute released a report that identifies the people that would benefit the most from health reform, and the consequences for this population if health care reform legislation is not passed.  The report indicates that the failure to implement reforms, such as the individual mandate, premium and cost-sharing subsidies, health insurance exchanges and expansion of government insurance, would result in increased health care costs to the system, higher out-of-pocket costs and greater numbers of uninsured.

From the abstract:

This brief describes the groups with the most to lose if comprehensive health care reform is not enacted—people who either lack coverage today or who are required to pay the most for health insurance and medical care. These include the self-employed, those working for small employers, those with health problems, older working-age adults and early retirees, the low-incomes, and others without access to employer-based insurance. Reform's combination of Medicaid expansions, subsidies for exchange-based coverage, broader-based sharing of risk, and administrative economies of scale would make meaningful coverage affordable for the vast majority of individuals disadvantaged by the current system.

Full report: http://www.urban.org/publications/412037.html

The Urban Institute. (2010). The biggest losers: health edition - who would be hurt most by a failure to enact comprehensive reforms? Blumberg, L.J.