The Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) records the type of service to which clients are admitted for treatment. The major categories are broadly defined as ambulatory, residential/rehabilitation, and detoxification. For this report, admissions for which medication-assisted therapy opioid therapy (i.e., therapy using methadone or buprenorphine) was planned have been categorized as separate service types. Types of services detailed in this report include:

• Ambulatory (excluding medication-assisted opioid therapy)
  • Outpatient—Ambulatory treatment services including individual, family, and/or group services; these may include pharmacological therapies.
    
    
  • Intensive outpatient—As a minimum, the client must receive treatment lasting two or more hours per day for three or more days per week.
    
    
• Detoxification (excluding medication-assisted opioid therapy)
  • Free-standing residential—24-hour per day services in a non-hospital setting providing for safe withdrawal and transition to ongoing treatment.
    
    
  • Hospital inpatient—24-hour per day medical acute care services in a hospital setting for detoxification of persons with severe medical complications associated with withdrawal.
    
    
  • Ambulatory—Outpatient treatment services providing for safe withdrawal in an ambulatory setting (pharmacological or non-pharmacological).
    
    
• Residential/rehabilitation (excluding medication-assisted opioid therapy)
  • Short-term (30 days or fewer)—Typical­ly, 30 days or less of non-acute care in a setting with treatment services for alcohol and other drug abuse and dependency.
    
    
  • Long-term (more than 30 days)—Typically, more than 30 days of non-acute care in a setting with treatment services for alcohol and other drug abuse and dependency; this may include transitional living arrangements such as halfway houses.
    
    
  • Hospital—24-hour per day medical care in a hospital facility in conjunction with treatment services for alcohol and other drug abuse and dependency.
    
    
• Medication-assisted opioid therapy
  • Outpatient—Includes outpatient and intensive outpatient therapy (see above).
    
    
  • Detoxification—Includes free-standing residential detoxification, hospital detoxification, and ambulatory detoxification (see above).
    
    
  • Residential—Includes short-term, long-term, and hospital inpatient therapy (see above).

Table 4.1. The type of service received was associated with primary substance of abuse.

• Ambulatory treatment accounted for 57 percent of all admissions—46 percent to outpatient treatment and 11 percent to intensive outpatient treatment. Admissions for marijuana and methamphetamine/amphetamines were more likely to be to ambulatory services than were all admissions (83 percent of marijuana admissions and 66 percent of methamphetamine/stimulant admissions vs. 57 percent of all admissions).
  
  
• Detoxification services accounted for 20 percent of all admissions—15 percent to free-standing residential, 4 percent to hospital inpatient, and 1 percent to ambulatory. Admissions for tranquilizers, opiates, and alcohol were more likely to be to a detoxification service than were all admissions (33 percent of tranquilizer admissions, 30 percent of opiate admissions, and 27 percent of alcohol admissions vs. 20 per cent of all admissions).
  
  
• Residential/rehabilitation treatment accounted for 18 percent of all admissions—10 percent to short-term, 8 percent to long-term, and less than 1 percent to hospital inpatient. Admissions for cocaine, methamphetamine/amphetamines, and sedatives were more likely to be to residential/rehabilitation services than were all admissions (28 percent of cocaine admissions, 26 percent of methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions, and 24 percent of sedative admissions vs. 18 per cent of all admissions).
  
  
• Medication-assisted opioid therapy accounted for 5 percent of all admissions—4 percent to outpatient, 1 percent to detoxification, and less than 1 percent to residential. About one-quarter (24 percent) of admissions for opiates received medication-assisted opioid therapy.

Table 4.3. The type of service received was associated with the treatment referral source.

• Admissions receiving an ambulatory service were more likely than all admissions to have been referred through the criminal justice system (53 percent of outpatient admissions and 46 percent of intensive outpatient admissions vs. 38 percent of all admissions).
  
  
• Admissions receiving a detoxification service were more likely to be self- or individual referrals (76 percent of hospital inpatient admissions, 57 percent of free-standing residential admissions, and 44 percent of ambulatory detoxification admissions vs. 32 percent of all admissions).
  
  
• Admissions receiving short-term or long-term residential/rehabilitation treatment were more likely to have been referred by another substance abuse treatment provider (28 percent of short-term admissions and 22 percent of long-term admissions vs. 11 percent of all admissions).
  
  
• Admissions receiving outpatient or detoxification medication-assisted opioid therapy were more likely to be self- or individual referrals (82 percent of detoxification admissions and 69 percent of outpatient admissions vs. 32 percent of all admissions).

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