2008 Tables: Miscellaneous - 7.60 to 7.118 (PE), SAMHSA OAS

90413

Table 7.60A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine among Past Year Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Used Methamphetamine from a Friend or Relative for Free in the Past Year: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates in this table include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. NOTE: Estimates for Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine include (a) past year users who reported obtaining this drug for their most recent use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug and (b) past month users who reported only obtaining this drug for their past month use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a single valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine for respondent's most recent use were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From Friend or Relative for Free	141	114	19	*	54	46	68	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	254^b	126	*	*	66^b	40	163	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	8	4	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	184^b	90	*	*	59^b	32	*	*
Bought on the Internet	0	*	0	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	20	14	*	*	10	8	8	*

90413

Table 7.60B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine among Past Year Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Used Methamphetamine from a Friend or Relative for Free in the Past Year: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates in this table include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. NOTE: Estimates for Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine include (a) past year users who reported obtaining this drug for their most recent use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug and (b) past month users who reported only obtaining this drug for their past month use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a single valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine for respondent's most recent use were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From Friend or Relative for Free	23.3^b	32.9	30.9	*	28.2	35.6	19.3	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	41.8	36.3	*	*	34.0	31.1	46.1	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	1.3	1.1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	30.4	25.8	*	*	30.4	24.6	*	*
Bought on the Internet	0.0	*	0.2	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	3.3	4.0	*	*	5.4	6.5	2.1	*

90413

Table 7.61A – Sources Where Methamphetamine Was Obtained for Nonmedical Use in the Past Month among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use among Past Month Methamphetamine Users¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates in this table include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which they obtained methamphetamine for past month nonmedical use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown data on Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From Friend or Relative for Free	308	*	*	*	68	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	242	*	*	*	44^b	23	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	22	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	184	*	*	*	39	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	1	0	*	*	1	*	*	*
Some Other Way	16	20	*	*	6	4	6	*

90413

Table 7.61B – Sources Where Methamphetamine Was Obtained for Nonmedical Use in the Past Month among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use among Past Month Methamphetamine Users¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates in this table include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which they obtained methamphetamine for past month nonmedical use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown data on Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From Friend or Relative for Free	55.3	*	*	*	54.7	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	43.2	*	*	*	35.8	29.4	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.9	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	33.0	*	*	*	31.4	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	0.2	0.0	*	*	0.5	*	*	*
Some Other Way	3.0	5.7	*	*	5.2	5.3	1.5	*

90413

Table 7.62A – Sources Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Methamphetamine Used in the Past Month from a Friend or Relative for Free, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates in this table include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which a friend or relative obtained methamphetamine; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug for respondent's past month use were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	6	5	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	4	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.62B – Sources Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Methamphetamine Used in the Past Month from a Friend or Relative for Free, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Methamphetamine¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates in this table include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which a friend or relative obtained methamphetamine; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug for respondent's past month use were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2.2	3.1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	1.6	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.63A – Source Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Nonmedical Use among Past Year Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source for Most Recent Nonmedical Use among Past Year Sedative Users¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates for Source for Most Recent Nonmedical Use include (a) past month users who reported a single source of obtainment during the past 30 days, (b) past month users who identified their last source of obtainment after reporting multiple sources of obtainment in the past 30 days, and (c) all other past year users who reported their last source of obtainment in the past year. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Nonmedical Use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	176^a	102	17^a	9	20	16	140	*
From More Than One Doctor	12	20	3	2	4	*	5	17
Wrote Fake Prescription	6	8	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	5	8	*	1	1	3	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	472	419	34	41	88	100	350	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	64	40	9	9	23	19	*	12
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	22	23	5	11	10	6	6	5
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	25	30	4	6	9	6	13	18
Bought on the Internet	5	3	1	*	*	0	*	*
Some Other Way	24	24	6	4	4	4	15	17

90413

Table 7.63B – Source Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Nonmedical Use among Past Year Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source for Most Recent Nonmedical Use among Past Year Sedative Users¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates for Source for Most Recent Nonmedical Use include (a) past month users who reported a single source of obtainment during the past 30 days, (b) past month users who identified their last source of obtainment after reporting multiple sources of obtainment in the past 30 days, and (c) all other past year users who reported their last source of obtainment in the past year. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Nonmedical Use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	21.7^a	15.1	20.3^a	10.6	12.4	10.4	24.5	*
From More Than One Doctor	1.5	3.0	3.9	2.9	2.5	*	0.8	3.9
Wrote Fake Prescription	0.8	1.2	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.6	1.2	*	0.9	0.5	2.1	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	58.0	61.9	42.4	48.8	54.8	63.3	61.2	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	7.9	5.9	10.9	10.9	14.3	11.8	*	2.7
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2.6	3.3	6.6	12.8	6.5	3.9	1.0	1.3
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	3.1	4.4	4.7	6.8	5.5	3.9	2.2	4.1
Bought on the Internet	0.6	0.4	1.2	*	*	0.1	*	*
Some Other Way	3.0	3.6	6.8	4.1	2.2	2.4	2.7	4.0

90413

Table 7.64A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Year Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Used Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in the Past Year: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates for Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug include (a) past year users who reported obtaining this drug for their most recent nonmedical use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug and (b) past month users who reported only obtaining this drug for their past month nonmedical use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a single valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug for respondent's most recent use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	379	319	*	*	59	67	*	*
From More Than One Doctor	11	9	*	*	2	2	*	*
Wrote Fake Prescription	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0	4	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	12	21	*	*	8	9	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	6	4	*	*	3	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2	1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	2	1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	0	0	*	*	0	0	*	*
Some Other Way	*	3	*	*	2	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.64B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Year Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Used Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in the Past Year: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates for Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug include (a) past year users who reported obtaining this drug for their most recent nonmedical use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug and (b) past month users who reported only obtaining this drug for their past month nonmedical use from a friend or relative for free and then reported a single valid source for where their friend or relative obtained this drug. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug for respondent's most recent use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	89.9	88.2	*	*	79.6	79.7	*	*
From More Than One Doctor	2.6	2.4	*	*	2.4	2.6	*	*
Wrote Fake Prescription	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.0	1.2	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	3.0	5.7	*	*	10.1	10.3	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	1.3	1.1	*	*	4.5	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.4	0.2	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	0.4	0.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	0.0	0.0	*	*	0.3	0.1	*	*
Some Other Way	*	0.8	*	*	2.3	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.65A – Sources Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Nonmedical Use in the Past Month among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use among Past Month Sedative Users¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which they obtained sedatives for past month nonmedical use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown data on Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	*	42	*	*	*	*	*	*
From More Than One Doctor	6	14	*	*	*	*	*	*
Wrote Fake Prescription	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	181	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	26	27	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	17	19	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	21	23	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	*	1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	15	10	*	*	*	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.65B – Sources Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Nonmedical Use in the Past Month among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use among Past Month Sedative Users¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which they obtained sedatives for past month nonmedical use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown data on Source for Past Month Nonmedical Use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	*	16.4	*	*	*	*	*	*
From More Than One Doctor	1.7	5.5	*	*	*	*	*	*
Wrote Fake Prescription	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	70.1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	7.9	10.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	5.2	7.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	6.4	9.1	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	*	0.4	*	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	4.8	3.9	*	*	*	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.66A – Sources Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Sedatives Used in the Past Month from a Friend or Relative for Free, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which a friend or relative obtained sedatives; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug for respondent's past month use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From More Than One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Wrote Fake Prescription	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

90413

Table 7.66B – Sources Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Month Users Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Sedatives Used in the Past Month from a Friend or Relative for Free, by Age Group: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2006-2007 and 2007-2008
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives¹	Total (2006-2007)	Total (2007-2008)	Aged 12-17 (2006-2007)	Aged 12-17 (2007-2008)	Aged 18-25 (2006-2007)	Aged 18-25 (2007-2008)	Aged 26+ (2006-2007)	Aged 26+ (2007-2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple sources from which a friend or relative obtained sedatives; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown or invalid data on Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Drug for respondent's past month use and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
From One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From More Than One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Wrote Fake Prescription	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Drug Dealer or Other Stranger	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought on the Internet	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Some Other Way	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

90409

Table 7.67A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Male (2007)	Male (2008)	Female (2007)	Female (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Some Other Place includes only valid responses from the other-specify questions, including these six types of commonly reported locations. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	516	462	356	299	161	163
Drank with One Other Person	1,479	1,331	813	711	667	620
Drank with Two or More Other People	8,460	8,003	4,291	4,133	4,169	3,871
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	506^b	371	276^a	196	230^a	175
Home	3,053	2,868	1,697	1,523	1,357	1,344
Someone Else's Home	5,845^a	5,447	3,018	2,830	2,827	2,617
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	467	462	240	248	227	214
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	969	834	331	357	638^b	477
Concert or Sports Game	150	175	83	125	66	50
School	195	162	79	68	116	95
Some Other Place³	725	637	349	338	376	299
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	246	203	98	82	148	120
Outside (Location not Specified)	118	92	73	59	45	32
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	79	61	40	24	40	37
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	40	53	20	43	20	9
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	24	16	12	9	12	6
Dorm Room	22	10	7	7	15	4

90409

Table 7.67B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Gender: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Male (2007)	Male (2008)	Female (2007)	Female (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Some Other Place includes only valid responses from the other-specify questions, including these six types of commonly reported locations. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	4.9	4.7	6.5	5.8	3.2	3.5
Drank with One Other Person	14.1	13.6	14.9	13.8	13.3	13.3
Drank with Two or More Other People	80.9	81.7	78.6	80.4	83.4	83.2
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	4.9^a	3.8	5.1^a	3.9	4.6	3.8
Home	29.4	29.6	31.3	30.1	27.3	29.1
Someone Else's Home	56.3	56.2	55.7	55.9	56.9	56.6
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	4.5	4.8	4.4	4.9	4.6	4.6
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	9.3	8.6	6.1	7.0	12.8^a	10.3
Concert or Sports Game	1.4	1.8	1.5^a	2.5	1.3	1.1
School	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.3	2.3	2.1
Some Other Place³	7.1	6.6	6.6	6.7	7.7	6.5
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	2.4	2.1	1.8	1.6	3.0	2.6
Outside (Location not Specified)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	0.9	0.7
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.8
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.4	0.6	0.4^a	0.9	0.4	0.2
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dorm Room	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1

90409

Table 7.68A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Aged 12-14 (2007)	Aged 12-14 (2008)	Aged 15-17 (2007)	Aged 15-17 (2008)	Aged 18-20 (2007)	Aged 18-20 (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Some Other Place includes only valid responses from the other-specify questions, including these six types of commonly reported locations. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	516	462	72	57	176	151	268	254
Drank with One Other Person	1,479	1,331	139	114	456^a	362	884	855
Drank with Two or More Other People	8,460	8,003	395	460	2,591^b	2,315	5,474	5,228
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	506^b	371	26	18	235^b	140	245	213
Home	3,053	2,868	248	241	739	677	2,067	1,950
Someone Else's Home	5,845^a	5,447	281	306	2,014^b	1,719	3,550	3,422
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	467	462	35	44	221^a	165	211	252
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	969	834	24	13	120	106	825	714
Concert or Sports Game	150	175	8^a	1	40	51	102	124
School	195	162	9	13	46	30	140	120
Some Other Place³	725	637	49	49	302	236	373	352
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	246	203	18	11	106	93	123	99
Outside (Location not Specified)	118	92	15	5	62	52	41	35
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	79	61	3	3	41^a	15	35	44
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	40	53	2	4	19	13	18	37
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	24	16	*	5	6	5	18	6
Dorm Room	22	10	*	*	2	0	20	10

90409

Table 7.68B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Aged 12-14 (2007)	Aged 12-14 (2008)	Aged 15-17 (2007)	Aged 15-17 (2008)	Aged 18-20 (2007)	Aged 18-20 (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Some Other Place includes only valid responses from the other-specify questions, including these six types of commonly reported locations. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	4.9	4.7	11.9	9.0	5.5	5.3	4.0	4.0
Drank with One Other Person	14.1	13.6	22.9	18.1	14.2	12.8	13.3	13.5
Drank with Two or More Other People	80.9	81.7	65.2^a	72.9	80.4	81.9	82.6	82.5
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	4.9^a	3.8	4.3	2.9	7.4^b	5.0	3.7	3.4
Home	29.4	29.6	41.3	39.2	23.1	24.4	31.4	31.0
Someone Else's Home	56.3	56.2	46.9	49.9	63.1	61.9	53.8	54.3
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	4.5	4.8	5.8	7.3	6.9	5.9	3.2	4.0
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	9.3	8.6	4.0	2.1	3.8	3.8	12.5	11.3
Concert or Sports Game	1.4	1.8	1.3^a	0.1	1.3	1.8	1.5	2.0
School	1.9	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.4	1.1	2.1	1.9
Some Other Place³	7.1	6.6	8.5	8.1	9.6	8.6	5.7	5.6
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	2.4	2.1	3.1	1.8	3.4	3.4	1.9	1.6
Outside (Location not Specified)	1.2	1.0	2.6	0.9	2.0	1.9	0.6	0.6
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.4	1.3^a	0.5	0.5	0.7
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.6
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.2	0.2	*	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dorm Room	0.2	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.2

90409

Table 7.69A – Source Where Alcohol was Obtained for Most Recent Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month¹	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Male (2007)	Male (2008)	Female (2007)	Female (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ²Respondents were permitted to specify other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. This source is one of the most commonly reported other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID	3,156	3,012	2,022	1,878	1,133	1,133
Purchased It Himself or Herself	858	814	614	577	244	237
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	731	692	508	485	223	207
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	496	440	396	343	100	97
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	229	226	109	116	119	110
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	5^a	26	3^a	25	2	1
From Another Person	128	119	106	92	22	27
From Person under Age 21	49	45	40	40	9	5
From Person Aged 21 or Older	79	71	66	52	13	19
Purchased by Someone Else	2,276	2,178	1,392	1,291	884	887
Parent or Guardian	50	80	31	40	20	40
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	242	229	141	125	101	104
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	1,699	1,553	1,017	914	682	639
Someone under Age 21	229	262	164	175	66	86
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY	7,299^a	6,768	3,442	3,253	3,857^a	3,515
Got It from Parent or Guardian	553	553	244	251	309	302
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	872	867	407	420	464	447
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	2,713	2,532	1,156	1,141	1,556	1,391
Got It from Someone under Age 21	1,512	1,429	739	692	773	737
Took It from Own Home	398	392	220	201	178	191
Took It from Someone Else's Home	247	216	132	97	115	119
Got It Some Other Way	623^b	465	322	268	301^b	198
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method²	263^a	188	142	100	121	88

90409

Table 7.69B – Source Where Alcohol was Obtained for Most Recent Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Gender: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month¹	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Male (2007)	Male (2008)	Female (2007)	Female (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ²Respondents were permitted to specify other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. This source is one of the most commonly reported other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID	30.2	30.8	37.0	36.6	22.7	24.4
Purchased It Himself or Herself	8.2	8.3	11.3	11.3	4.9	5.1
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	7.0	7.1	9.3	9.5	4.5	4.5
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	4.8	4.5	7.3	6.7	2.0	2.1
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.4
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.0^a	0.3	0.1^a	0.5	0.0	0.0
From Another Person	1.2	1.2	1.9	1.8	0.4	0.6
From Person under Age 21	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.1
From Person Aged 21 or Older	0.8	0.7	1.2	1.0	0.3	0.4
Purchased by Someone Else	21.8	22.3	25.6	25.2	17.7	19.1
Parent or Guardian	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.4^a	0.9
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.0	2.3
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	16.4	16.0	18.8	18.0	13.7	13.8
Someone under Age 21	2.2	2.7	3.0	3.4	1.3	1.9
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY	69.8	69.2	63.0	63.4	77.3	75.6
Got It from Parent or Guardian	5.5	5.8	4.6	5.1	6.4	6.7
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	8.7	9.2	7.8	8.5	9.6	9.9
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	26.9	26.8	22.1	23.1	32.2	30.8
Got It from Someone under Age 21	15.0	15.1	14.1	14.0	16.0	16.3
Took It from Own Home	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.1	3.7	4.2
Took It from Someone Else's Home	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.0	2.4	2.6
Got It Some Other Way	6.2^b	4.9	6.1	5.4	6.2^b	4.4
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method²	2.6^a	2.0	2.7	2.0	2.5	2.0

90409

Table 7.70A – Source Where Alcohol was Obtained for Most Recent Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month¹	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Aged 12-14 (2007)	Aged 12-14 (2008)	Aged 15-17 (2007)	Aged 15-17 (2008)	Aged 18-20 (2007)	Aged 18-20 (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ² Respondents were permitted to specify other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. This source is one of the most commonly reported other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID	3,156	3,012	53	34	759^a	643	2,344	2,334
Purchased It Himself or Herself	858	814	14	7	149^a	97	694	710
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	731	692	8	5	110^a	65	613	623
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	496	440	6	4	90^b	44	400	391
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	229	226	2	0	20	18	207	208
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	5^a	26	1	*	*	3	4^a	23
From Another Person	128	119	6	2	40	32	82	85
From Person under Age 21	49	45	4	2	19	13	26	29
From Person Aged 21 or Older	79	71	1	*	21	16	56	55
Purchased by Someone Else	2,276	2,178	36	27	603	541	1,637	1,610
Parent or Guardian	50	80	2	2	12	21	37	58
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	242	229	5	3	57	46	180	180
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	1,699	1,553	19	12	406	372	1,274	1,170
Someone under Age 21	229	262	9	8	108	86	112^a	168
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY	7,299^a	6,768	555	594	2,466^b	2,178	4,277	3,997
Got It from Parent or Guardian	553	553	90	87	199	210	264	256
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	872	867	69	83	293	241	510	543
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	2,713	2,532	74	82	631	577	2,009	1,873
Got It from Someone under Age 21	1,512	1,429	112	118	672	599	728	712
Took It from Own Home	398	392	72	103	171	154	155	135
Took It from Someone Else's Home	247	216	36	39	118	87	94	90
Got It Some Other Way	623^b	465	58	40	214	181	351^b	245
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method²	263^a	188	29	14	116	93	119	81

90409

Table 7.70B – Source Where Alcohol was Obtained for Most Recent Use in the Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month¹	Total (2007)	Total (2008)	Aged 12-14 (2007)	Aged 12-14 (2008)	Aged 15-17 (2007)	Aged 15-17 (2008)	Aged 18-20 (2007)	Aged 18-20 (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded. ² Respondents were permitted to specify other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. This source is one of the most commonly reported other sources for most recent alcohol use in the past month. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID	30.2	30.8	8.6	5.4	23.5	22.8	35.4	36.9
Purchased It Himself or Herself	8.2	8.3	2.3	1.1	4.6	3.4	10.5	11.2
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	7.0	7.1	1.4	0.7	3.4	2.3	9.3	9.9
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	4.8	4.5	1.0	0.7	2.8^a	1.6	6.1	6.2
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	2.2	2.3	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.6	3.1	3.3
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.0^a	0.3	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1^a	0.4
From Another Person	1.2	1.2	0.9	0.4	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3
From Person under Age 21	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5
From Person Aged 21 or Older	0.8	0.7	0.2	*	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.9
Purchased by Someone Else	21.8	22.3	5.9	4.3	18.7	19.2	24.8	25.5
Parent or Guardian	0.5	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.9
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	2.3	2.4	0.8	0.5	1.8	1.6	2.7	2.9
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	16.4	16.0	3.2	1.9	12.7	13.3	19.4	18.6
Someone under Age 21	2.2	2.7	1.5	1.3	3.4	3.1	1.7^a	2.7
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY	69.8	69.2	91.4	94.6	76.5	77.2	64.6	63.1
Got It from Parent or Guardian	5.5	5.8	16.0	14.9	6.5	7.8	4.1	4.1
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	8.7	9.2	12.3	14.2	9.6	8.9	7.9	8.8
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	26.9	26.8	13.1	14.0	20.6	21.4	31.1	30.3
Got It from Someone under Age 21	15.0	15.1	19.9	20.1	22.0	22.3	11.3	11.5
Took It from Own Home	4.0	4.1	12.8	17.5	5.6	5.7	2.4	2.2
Took It from Someone Else's Home	2.5	2.3	6.3	6.7	3.9	3.2	1.5	1.5
Got It Some Other Way	6.2^b	4.9	10.3	6.8	7.0	6.7	5.4^a	4.0
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method²	2.6^a	2.0	5.1	2.3	3.8	3.5	1.8	1.3

90331

Table 7.71A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Drug	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS²	6,085	5,955	100	130	5,943	5,777
Marijuana and Hashish	4,247	4,316	76	97	4,137	4,181
Cocaine	699^b	501	6	9	687^b	487
Crack	164^a	94	2	7	161^b	87
Heroin	59	38	3	*	56	38
Hallucinogens	357	321	7	11	343	309
LSD	34	32	2	1	32	31
PCP	11	4	0	1	10	4
Ecstasy	221	206	4	*	214	196
Inhalants	151	142	4	6	147	136
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	2,420	2,222	34	27	2,377	2,172
Pain Relievers	1,678	1,608	25	17	1,644	1,571
OxyContin^®	101	118	1	3	99	115
Tranquilizers	701	745	10	6	688	731
Stimulants⁴	532^a	402	4	8	525^b	391
Methamphetamine⁴	262^b	131	4	*	258^b	129
Sedatives	136	95	1	*	135	95
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA²	3,088^a	2,784	39	51	3,033^a	2,708

90331

Table 7.71B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Drug	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ²Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS²	9.8	9.6	4.0	5.1	10.0	9.8
Marijuana and Hashish	6.8	7.0	3.0	3.8	7.0	7.1
Cocaine	1.1^b	0.8	0.2	0.4	1.2^b	0.8
Crack	0.3^a	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3^b	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.5
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	0.4	0.3	0.2	*	0.4	0.3
Inhalants	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	3.9	3.6	1.3	1.0	4.0	3.7
Pain Relievers	2.7	2.6	1.0	0.7	2.8	2.7
OxyContin^®	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2
Tranquilizers	1.1	1.2	0.4	0.2	1.2	1.2
Stimulants⁴	0.9^a	0.7	0.1	0.3	0.9^b	0.7
Methamphetamine⁴	0.4^b	0.2	0.1	*	0.4^b	0.2
Sedatives	0.2	0.2	0.0	*	0.2	0.2
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA²	5.0^a	4.5	1.5	2.0	5.1^a	4.6

90331

Table 7.72A – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	6,085	5,955	100	130	5,943	5,777
AGE
15-17	889	836	12	19	866	801
18-25	2,547	2,565	61	67	2,467	2,476
26-44	2,648	2,554	27	45	2,610	2,499
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5,334	5,308	93	117	5,202	5,154
White	4,264	4,167	67	76	4,167	4,071
Black or African American	810	874	21	36	783	825
American Indian or Alaska Native	40	35	*	*	37	34
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	16	*	*	*	16	*
Asian	104	106	*	*	102	103
Two or More Races	100	100	*	*	97	96
Hispanic or Latino	751	647	8	13	741	623
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	42	56	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	32	46	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	22	24	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.72B – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	9.8	9.6	4.0	5.1	10.0	9.8
AGE
15-17	14.0	13.1	15.5	21.6	13.9	12.9
18-25	15.7	15.7	6.5	7.1	16.3	16.2
26-44	6.7	6.5	1.8	3.0	6.9	6.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	10.2	10.3	4.8	5.7	10.4	10.5
White	11.0	10.9	4.7	5.3	11.2	11.1
Black or African American	9.3	10.1	6.1	9.0	9.4	10.1
American Indian or Alaska Native	10.5	12.2	*	*	10.0	12.2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	6.0	*	*	*	6.4	*
Asian	3.2	3.2	*	*	3.3	3.3
Two or More Races	14.6	13.9	*	*	14.6	14.2
Hispanic or Latino	7.5^a	6.2	1.4	2.6	7.9^a	6.3
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	5.4	7.2	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	3.6	5.0	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	2.7	2.8	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.73A – Marijuana Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	4,247	4,316	76	97	4,137	4,181
AGE
15-17	661	624	10	15	642	597
18-25	1,991	2,025	46	51	1,931	1,956
26-44	1,595	1,667	20	31	1,565	1,628
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3,792	3,875	69	91	3,690	3,755
White	3,043	3,005	54	55	2,963	2,935
Black or African American	566	674	13	33	548	629
American Indian or Alaska Native	30	28	*	*	29	27
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	10	12	*	*	10	12
Asian	59	68	*	*	59	68
Two or More Races	84	88	*	*	81	84
Hispanic or Latino	455	441	6	6	447	426
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	32	51	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	25	34	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	14	11	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.73B – Marijuana Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	6.8	7.0	3.0	3.8	7.0	7.1
AGE
15-17	10.4	9.8	12.6	17.1	10.3	9.6
18-25	12.3	12.4	4.9	5.4	12.7	12.8
26-44	4.0	4.3	1.3	2.1	4.1	4.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	7.3	7.6	3.6	4.4	7.4	7.7
White	7.8	7.9	3.8	3.8	8.0	8.0
Black or African American	6.5^a	7.8	3.7	8.3	6.6	7.7
American Indian or Alaska Native	7.7	9.8	*	*	7.8	9.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	3.9	4.3	*	*	4.1	4.4
Asian	1.8	2.1	*	*	1.9	2.2
Two or More Races	12.2	12.2	*	*	12.2	12.5
Hispanic or Latino	4.5	4.2	1.1	1.3	4.8	4.3
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	4.2	6.6	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	2.9	3.7	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	1.7	1.3	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.74A – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Substance	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ³ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	18,696^b	17,381	417	427	18,197^b	16,836
Cigarettes	17,951^b	16,619	411	418	17,465^b	16,084
Smokeless Tobacco	207	235	3	3	199	226
Cigars	2,051	1,890	32	29	2,010	1,847
Pipe Tobacco	201	223	2	3	198	219
ALCOHOL	31,854	32,205	294	272	31,374	31,786
Binge Alcohol Use³	14,148	14,444	73	116	13,997	14,256
Heavy Alcohol Use³	3,242	3,262	17	21	3,216	3,220

90331

Table 7.74B – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Substance	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ³ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	30.1^b	28.1	16.8	16.7	30.7^b	28.6
Cigarettes	28.9^b	26.9	16.5	16.4	29.5^b	27.3
Smokeless Tobacco	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
Cigars	3.3	3.1	1.3	1.1	3.4	3.1
Pipe Tobacco	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
ALCOHOL	51.3	52.1	11.8	10.6	53.0	54.0
Binge Alcohol Use³	22.8	23.4	2.9	4.5	23.6	24.2
Heavy Alcohol Use³	5.2	5.3	0.7	0.8	5.4	5.5

90331

Table 7.75A – Cigarette Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	17,951^b	16,619	411	418	17,465^b	16,084
AGE
15-17	1,099^b	948	18	18	1,068^b	914
18-25	5,666^b	5,186	241	208	5,393^b	4,935
26-44	11,186^a	10,485	152	192	11,004^a	10,236
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	16,048^b	14,896	372	390	15,608^b	14,415
White	13,215^b	12,287	293	307	12,872^b	11,932
Black or African American	2,003	1,814	50	69	1,938	1,720
American Indian or Alaska Native	133	143	*	*	128	139
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	76	*	*	*	72	*
Asian	359	340	*	*	339	324
Two or More Races	263	219	*	*	259	207
Hispanic or Latino	1,904	1,723	38	28	1,856	1,669
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	184	164	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	125	138	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	91	107	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.75B – Cigarette Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	28.9^b	26.9	16.5	16.4	29.5^b	27.3
AGE
15-17	17.3^b	14.9	23.1	20.6	17.1^b	14.7
18-25	35.0^b	31.8	25.6	22.1	35.6^b	32.3
26-44	28.3^a	26.8	10.3	12.6	29.1^a	27.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	30.8^b	29.0	19.2	19.1	31.3^b	29.4
White	34.1^b	32.3	20.4	21.4	34.7^b	32.7
Black or African American	22.9	21.1	14.6	17.2	23.3	21.1
American Indian or Alaska Native	34.9^b	49.2	*	*	34.7^b	49.6
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	28.6	*	*	*	28.6	*
Asian	11.1	10.3	*	*	11.0	10.4
Two or More Races	38.4	30.4	*	*	38.8	30.8
Hispanic or Latino	19.0^a	16.4	7.0	5.5	19.7^a	16.9
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	23.8	21.2	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	14.3	15.2	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	11.2	12.5	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.76A – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	31,854	32,205	294	272	31,374	31,786
AGE
15-17	1,680^b	1,516	13	14	1,656^b	1,487
18-25	9,183	9,383	80	102	9,050	9,229
26-44	20,991	21,306	201	155	20,668	21,070
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	28,077	28,091	276	239	27,635	27,735
White	22,863	22,482	217	158	22,514	22,257
Black or African American	3,605	3,849	40	77	3,533	3,748
American Indian or Alaska Native	136	150	*	*	134	149
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	993	1,105	*	*	981	1,086
Two or More Races	385	383	*	*	383	373
Hispanic or Latino	3,777	4,114	19	33	3,739	4,051
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	121	160	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	79	71	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	85^a	30	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.76B – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	51.3	52.1	11.8	10.6	53.0	54.0
AGE
15-17	26.4^b	23.8	16.4	16.0	26.6^b	23.9
18-25	56.7	57.5	8.5	10.9	59.7	60.4
26-44	53.1	54.5	13.7	10.1	54.6^a	56.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	53.9	54.8	14.2	11.7	55.4	56.6
White	59.0	59.0	15.2	11.0	60.6	60.9
Black or African American	41.3^a	44.7	11.6	19.1	42.5^a	46.0
American Indian or Alaska Native	35.7^b	51.6	*	*	36.5^b	53.3
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	30.8	33.4	*	*	31.7	35.0
Two or More Races	56.3	53.2	*	*	57.4	55.4
Hispanic or Latino	37.7	39.3	3.4	6.4	39.8	41.0
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	15.7	20.7	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	9.0	7.8	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	10.4^b	3.5	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.77A – Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	14,148	14,444	73	116	13,997	14,256
AGE
15-17	999^a	892	7	11	984^a	871
18-25	5,343	5,485	39	55	5,276	5,403
26-44	7,806	8,067	27	50	7,737	7,982
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12,398	12,388	61	99	12,271	12,231
White	10,224	10,217	38	56	10,129	10,132
Black or African American	1,490	1,485	21	40	1,463	1,430
American Indian or Alaska Native	99	100	*	*	97	98
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	64	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	348	335	*	*	347	323
Two or More Races	173	167	*	*	171	164
Hispanic or Latino	1,749^a	2,056	13	17	1,726^a	2,025
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	36^b	79	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	16	17	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	12	11	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.77B – Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	22.8	23.4	2.9	4.5	23.6	24.2
AGE
15-17	15.7^b	14.0	9.1	12.3	15.8^b	14.0
18-25	33.0	33.6	4.2	5.9	34.8	35.4
26-44	19.7	20.6	1.8	3.3	20.4	21.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	23.8	24.1	3.1	4.8	24.6	25.0
White	26.4	26.8	2.6	3.9	27.3	27.7
Black or African American	17.1	17.2	6.0	10.0	17.6	17.6
American Indian or Alaska Native	25.9	34.2	*	*	26.3	35.2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	24.3	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	10.8	10.1	*	*	11.2	10.4
Two or More Races	25.2	23.3	*	*	25.6	24.3
Hispanic or Latino	17.5^a	19.6	2.3	3.3	18.4^a	20.5
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	4.6^b	10.3	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	1.8	1.9	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	1.5	1.3	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.78A – Heavy Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. NOTE: Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	3,242	3,262	17	21	3,216	3,220
AGE
15-17	209	196	2	3	204	190
18-25	1,527	1,506	6	10	1,517	1,489
26-44	1,506	1,559	9	9	1,495	1,541
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,937	2,922	10	20	2,918	2,884
White	2,566	2,563	8	16	2,550	2,538
Black or African American	250	249	2	3	247	237
American Indian or Alaska Native	21	21	*	*	21	21
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	11	7	*	*	11	7
Asian	41	41	*	*	41	41
Two or More Races	48	40	*	*	48	39
Hispanic or Latino	305	340	7	1	298	336
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	10	18	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	7	1	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	0	3	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.78B – Heavy Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2005-2006 and 2007-2008
Demographic/Pregnancy Characteristic	Total¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Total¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008	2005-2006	2007-2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. N/A: Not applicable. NOTE: Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2007-2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 15 to 44, including those with unknown pregnancy status. ² Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	5.2	5.3	0.7	0.8	5.4	5.5
AGE
15-17	3.3	3.1	2.5	3.0	3.3	3.1
18-25	9.4	9.2	0.7	1.1	10.0	9.8
26-44	3.8	4.0	0.6	0.6	4.0	4.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.6	5.7	0.5	1.0	5.9	5.9
White	6.6	6.7	0.6	1.1	6.9	6.9
Black or African American	2.9	2.9	0.4	0.8	3.0	2.9
American Indian or Alaska Native	5.4	7.4	*	*	5.6	7.6
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	4.3	2.8	*	*	4.4	2.8
Asian	1.3	1.2	*	*	1.3	1.3
Two or More Races	7.0	5.5	*	*	7.1	5.8
Hispanic or Latino	3.0	3.2	1.3	0.2	3.2	3.4
TRIMESTER²
First	N/A	N/A	1.4	2.3	N/A	N/A
Second	N/A	N/A	0.8	0.1	N/A	N/A
Third	N/A	N/A	0.0	0.3	N/A	N/A

90331

Table 7.79A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	4,564	4,508	1,693	1,706	2,871	2,802
Marijuana and Hashish	3,834	3,871	1,453	1,509	2,381	2,362
Cocaine	379	351	121	139	258	212
Crack	34	36	*	6	34	30
Heroin	31	49	5	8	26	41
Hallucinogens	352^a	451	87^b	176	266	275
LSD	58	88	21^a	50	37	38
PCP	8	4	3	*	4	4
Ecstasy	170^a	256	42^b	99	129	157
Inhalants	104	82	32	23	72	59
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	1,366	1,305	453	436	913	869
Pain Relievers	1,084	1,027	326	307	759	720
OxyContin^®	104	95	35	17	69	78
Tranquilizers	364	375	94	128	270	247
Stimulants⁵	223	226	107	106	117	120
Methamphetamine⁵	61	36	6	3	55	33
Sedatives	43^a	20	14	7	30	12
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	1,856	1,801	607	631	1,249	1,170

90331

Table 7.79B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	21.6	21.2	19.8	20.2	22.8	21.9
Marijuana and Hashish	18.2	18.2	17.0	17.9	18.9	18.5
Cocaine	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.6	2.1	1.7
Crack	0.2	0.2	*	0.1	0.3	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Hallucinogens	1.7^a	2.1	1.0^b	2.1	2.1	2.2
LSD	0.3	0.4	0.3^a	0.6	0.3	0.3
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.0	*	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	0.8^a	1.2	0.5^b	1.2	1.0	1.2
Inhalants	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.5
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	6.5	6.1	5.3	5.2	7.3	6.8
Pain Relievers	5.1	4.8	3.8	3.6	6.0	5.6
OxyContin^®	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.6
Tranquilizers	1.7	1.8	1.1	1.5	2.2	1.9
Stimulants⁵	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.3	0.9	0.9
Methamphetamine⁵	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.3
Sedatives	0.2^a	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	8.8	8.5	7.1	7.5	9.9	9.2

90331

Table 7.80A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Males Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Male College Students		Other Males Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all males aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Males include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	2,847	2,636	939	898	1,908	1,738
Marijuana and Hashish	2,468	2,371	835	811	1,633	1,560
Cocaine	245	196	62	56	184	140
Crack	26	22	*	2	26	20
Heroin	23	29	4	3	19	27
Hallucinogens	247	300	53^a	106	194	194
LSD	41	69	11^b	41	29	28
PCP	7	1	3	*	4	1
Ecstasy	116	143	24	48	92	95
Inhalants	68	56	23	18	45	38
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	754	687	216	194	538	492
Pain Relievers	619	556	164	146	455	411
OxyContin^®	67	58	23	10	45	48
Tranquilizers	184	198	29	51	155	147
Stimulants⁵	109	114	47	39	62	75
Methamphetamine⁵	38	20	4	0	34	20
Sedatives	19	8	7	1	11	7
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	1,091	1,003	308	310	783	693

90331

Table 7.80B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Males Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Male College Students		Other Males Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all males aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Males include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	26.3	24.4	23.9	22.2	27.8	25.8
Marijuana and Hashish	22.8	22.0	21.2	20.0	23.8	23.2
Cocaine	2.3	1.8	1.6	1.4	2.7	2.1
Crack	0.2	0.2	*	0.1	0.4	0.3
Heroin	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
Hallucinogens	2.3	2.8	1.3^a	2.6	2.8	2.9
LSD	0.4	0.6	0.3^b	1.0	0.4	0.4
PCP	0.1	0.0	0.1	*	0.1	0.0
Ecstasy	1.1	1.3	0.6	1.2	1.3	1.4
Inhalants	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.6
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	7.0	6.4	5.5	4.8	7.8	7.3
Pain Relievers	5.7	5.2	4.2	3.6	6.6	6.1
OxyContin^®	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers	1.7	1.8	0.7	1.3	2.3	2.2
Stimulants⁵	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.1
Methamphetamine⁵	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.3
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	10.1	9.3	7.8	7.6	11.4	10.3

90331

Table 7.81A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Female College Students		Other Females Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Females include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	1,717	1,872	754	808	963	1,064
Marijuana and Hashish	1,366	1,500	618	698	748	802
Cocaine	134	155	59	83	75	73
Crack	8	14	*	3	8	10
Heroin	8	19	1	5	6	14
Hallucinogens	106	151	34^a	70	72	81
LSD	18	19	10	9	8	10
PCP	1	3	*	*	1	3
Ecstasy	54^b	113	18^a	51	36	63
Inhalants	36	26	9	5	27	21
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	612	618	237	242	375	376
Pain Relievers	466	471	162	162	304	309
OxyContin^®	37	37	12	7	25	30
Tranquilizers	180	177	64	77	116	100
Stimulants⁵	114	112	60	68	55	45
Methamphetamine⁵	23	16	3	3	21	13
Sedatives	24	12	6	6	18	6
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	765	798	299	321	466	477

90331

Table 7.81B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Female College Students		Other Females Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Females include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	16.7	17.9	16.4	18.4	16.9	17.6
Marijuana and Hashish	13.3	14.4	13.4	15.9	13.1	13.3
Cocaine	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.3	1.2
Crack	0.1	0.1	*	0.1	0.1	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	1.0	1.4	0.7^a	1.6	1.3	1.3
LSD	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
PCP	0.0	0.0	*	*	0.0	0.1
Ecstasy	0.5^b	1.1	0.4^a	1.2	0.6	1.0
Inhalants	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.3
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	5.9	5.9	5.2	5.5	6.6	6.2
Pain Relievers	4.5	4.5	3.5	3.7	5.3	5.1
OxyContin^®	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.5
Tranquilizers	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.8	2.0	1.6
Stimulants⁵	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.0	0.7
Methamphetamine⁵	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	7.4	7.6	6.5	7.3	8.2	7.9

90331

Table 7.82A – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	4,564	4,508	1,693	1,706	2,871	2,802
AGE
18	987	996	310	307	677	689
19	978	966	437	451	541	516
20	898	883	363	386	535	497
21	944	830	376	318	568	513
22	757	833	206	244	551	588
GENDER
Male	2,847	2,636	939	898	1,908	1,738
Female	1,717	1,872	754	808	963	1,064
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3,956	3,877	1,539	1,501	2,417	2,375
White	3,095	2,965	1,300	1,210	1,795	1,755
Black or African American	592	697	125^a	208	467	489
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	26	*	*	*	23
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	133	90	81	49	51	41
Two or More Races	89	74	*	*	62	44
Hispanic or Latino	608	632	154	205	454	427

90331

Table 7.82B – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	21.6	21.2	19.8	20.2	22.8	21.9
AGE
18	20.7	20.3	19.4	17.0	21.4	22.2
19	22.3	22.2	19.9	21.0	24.7	23.4
20	22.0	22.3	19.1	21.7	24.4	22.7
21	23.1	20.9	22.1	20.2	23.9	21.3
22	20.0	20.7	18.2	21.4	20.7	20.4
GENDER
Male	26.3	24.4	23.9	22.2	27.8	25.8
Female	16.7	17.9	16.4	18.4	16.9	17.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	22.7	22.1	20.3	20.1	24.6	23.6
White	23.8	22.9	22.4	21.6	24.9	23.9
Black or African American	19.8	22.1	12.3^a	18.5	23.7	24.1
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	20.7	*	*	*	21.8
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	14.2	9.7	13.5	8.2	15.6	12.3
Two or More Races	28.5	24.8	*	*	31.6	23.6
Hispanic or Latino	16.5	17.1	16.4	21.1	16.6	15.8

90331

Table 7.83A – Marijuana Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	3,834	3,871	1,453	1,509	2,381	2,362
AGE
18	814	872	255	280	559	592
19	829	844	375	406	454	438
20	786	750	330	335	456	415
21	773	709	324	279	449	429
22	631	697	168	210	463	487
GENDER
Male	2,468	2,371	835	811	1,633	1,560
Female	1,366	1,500	618	698	748	802
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3,327	3,326	1,310	1,328	2,017	1,997
White	2,571	2,532	1,104	1,066	1,467	1,466
Black or African American	526	610	102^b	189	423	421
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	22	*	*	*	20
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	106	72	75^a	40	31	32
Two or More Races	82	70	*	*	58	41
Hispanic or Latino	507	546	143	181	364	365

90331

Table 7.83B – Marijuana Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	18.2	18.2	17.0	17.9	18.9	18.5
AGE
18	17.1	17.8	16.0	15.5	17.7	19.1
19	18.9	19.4	17.1	18.9	20.8	19.9
20	19.2	18.9	17.4	18.8	20.8	19.0
21	18.9	17.8	19.0	17.7	18.9	17.8
22	16.7	17.3	14.9	18.4	17.4	16.9
GENDER
Male	22.8	22.0	21.2	20.0	23.8	23.2
Female	13.3	14.4	13.4	15.9	13.1	13.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	19.1	19.0	17.2	17.8	20.5	19.8
White	19.8	19.5	19.0	19.0	20.4	20.0
Black or African American	17.6	19.3	10.0^b	16.8	21.5	20.7
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	17.4	*	*	*	19.0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	11.4	7.7	12.5^a	6.7	9.3	9.6
Two or More Races	26.3	23.5	*	*	29.9	21.6
Hispanic or Latino	13.8	14.8	15.3	18.7	13.3	13.4

90331

Table 7.84A – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁴ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS³	8,687	8,741	2,777	2,899	5,905	5,840
Cigarettes	7,373	7,485	2,184	2,296	5,184	5,188
Smokeless Tobacco	1,190	1,173	409	353	780	820
Cigars	2,874^a	2,615	985	989	1,889^b	1,625
Pipe Tobacco	288	359	108	148	180	211
ALCOHOL	12,165	12,084	5,433	5,155	6,721	6,922
Binge Alcohol Use⁴	8,548	8,291	3,718	3,421	4,824	4,863
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	3,096	3,039	1,469	1,377	1,623	1,657

90331

Table 7.84B – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁴ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS³	41.1	41.2	32.5	34.3	47.0	45.7
Cigarettes	34.9	35.3	25.6	27.2	41.2	40.6
Smokeless Tobacco	5.6	5.5	4.8	4.2	6.2	6.4
Cigars	13.6^a	12.3	11.5	11.7	15.0^b	12.7
Pipe Tobacco	1.4	1.7	1.3	1.8	1.4	1.7
ALCOHOL	57.6	56.9	63.7^a	61.0	53.5	54.2
Binge Alcohol Use⁴	40.5	39.1	43.6^a	40.5	38.4	38.1
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	14.7	14.3	17.2	16.3	12.9	13.0

90331

Table 7.85A – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Males Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Male College Students		Other Males Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all males aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Males include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁴ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS³	5,316	5,161	1,607	1,641	3,705	3,519
Cigarettes	4,231	4,150	1,124	1,158	3,104	2,992
Smokeless Tobacco	1,121	1,115	384	343	737	772
Cigars	2,242^a	1,979	754	730	1,488^b	1,249
Pipe Tobacco	232	248	81	93	151	155
ALCOHOL	6,575	6,429	2,584	2,521	3,982	3,901
Binge Alcohol Use⁴	5,126	4,888	1,966	1,858	3,156	3,023
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	2,105	2,062	897	864	1,203	1,192

90331

Table 7.85B – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Males Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Male College Students		Other Males Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all males aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Males include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁴ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS³	49.2	47.8	40.8	40.5	53.9	52.2
Cigarettes	39.1	38.4	28.5	28.6	45.2	44.4
Smokeless Tobacco	10.4	10.3	9.8	8.5	10.7	11.5
Cigars	20.7^b	18.3	19.1	18.0	21.7^b	18.5
Pipe Tobacco	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.3
ALCOHOL	60.8	59.5	65.7	62.2	58.0	57.9
Binge Alcohol Use⁴	47.4	45.3	49.9^a	45.8	46.0	44.9
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	19.5	19.1	22.8	21.3	17.5	17.7

90331

Table 7.86A – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Female College Students		Other Females Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Females include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁴ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS³	3,372	3,580	1,170	1,258	2,200	2,322
Cigarettes	3,142	3,335	1,060	1,138	2,080	2,196
Smokeless Tobacco	69	58	25	10	43	47
Cigars	632	636	231	259	401	376
Pipe Tobacco	55^b	111	27^a	56	29	56
ALCOHOL	5,590	5,656	2,849	2,634	2,739^a	3,021
Binge Alcohol Use⁴	3,422	3,404	1,752	1,563	1,668	1,840
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	992	977	572	513	419	464

90331

Table 7.86B – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Females Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time Female College Students		Other Females Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all females aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Females include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ⁴ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS³	32.7	34.3	25.5^a	28.6	38.6	38.4
Cigarettes	30.5	32.0	23.1^a	25.9	36.5	36.4
Smokeless Tobacco	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.8	0.8
Cigars	6.1	6.1	5.0	5.9	7.0	6.2
Pipe Tobacco	0.5^b	1.1	0.6^a	1.3	0.5	0.9
ALCOHOL	54.3	54.2	62.0	60.0	48.0	50.0
Binge Alcohol Use⁴	33.2	32.6	38.1	35.6	29.3	30.5
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	9.6	9.4	12.4	11.7	7.4	7.7

90331

Table 7.87A – Cigarette Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	7,373	7,485	2,184	2,296	5,184	5,188
AGE
18	1,414	1,478	390	375	1,024	1,103
19	1,455	1,491	525	572	930	918
20	1,457	1,462	468	490	989	973
21	1,518	1,534	476	492	1,041	1,042
22	1,529	1,520	325	367	1,200	1,152
GENDER
Male	4,231	4,150	1,124	1,158	3,104	2,992
Female	3,142	3,335	1,060	1,138	2,080	2,196
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	6,312	6,347	1,986	2,010	4,324	4,337
White	5,176	5,212	1,682	1,717	3,493	3,495
Black or African American	712	753	129	167	583	586
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	223	174	137	93	86	81
Two or More Races	124	109	*	*	96	84
Hispanic or Latino	1,061	1,138	198^a	285	859	851

90331

Table 7.87B – Cigarette Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	34.9	35.3	25.6	27.2	41.2	40.6
AGE
18	29.7	30.2	24.4	20.8	32.4	35.6
19	33.2	34.3	23.9	26.6	42.5	41.7
20	35.7	36.9	24.6	27.5	45.2	44.6
21	37.1	38.5	27.9	31.2	43.7	43.3
22	40.3	37.7	28.7	32.3	45.2^b	39.9
GENDER
Male	39.1	38.4	28.5	28.6	45.2	44.4
Female	30.5	32.0	23.1^a	25.9	36.5	36.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	36.2	36.2	26.2	26.9	44.0	43.1
White	39.8	40.2	29.0	30.6	48.5	47.6
Black or African American	23.8	23.9	12.6	14.8	29.6	28.9
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	24.0	18.8	22.8	15.6	26.2	24.4
Two or More Races	39.7	36.4	*	*	49.3	44.5
Hispanic or Latino	28.8	30.9	21.1^a	29.5	31.3	31.4

90331

Table 7.88A – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	12,165	12,084	5,433	5,155	6,721	6,922
AGE
18	1,993	2,035	770	830	1,218	1,205
19	2,354	2,199	1,272	1,179	1,083	1,018
20	2,362	2,200	1,257	1,089	1,105	1,111
21	2,933	2,810	1,322	1,205	1,610	1,605
22	2,522^b	2,840	812	851	1,706^b	1,983
GENDER
Male	6,575	6,429	2,584	2,521	3,982	3,901
Female	5,590	5,656	2,849	2,634	2,739^a	3,021
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	10,387	10,305	4,875	4,634	5,506	5,664
White	8,361	8,216	4,035	3,735	4,324	4,475
Black or African American	1,339	1,387	446	541	888	846
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	412	421	302	276	110	145
Two or More Races	182	178	*	*	118	110
Hispanic or Latino	1,778	1,779	558	521	1,215	1,257

90331

Table 7.88B – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	57.6	56.9	63.7^a	61.0	53.5	54.2
AGE
18	41.8	41.5	48.1	46.0	38.5	38.9
19	53.7	50.5	57.9	54.8	49.6	46.3
20	57.8	55.5	66.2^a	61.2	50.5	50.9
21	71.8	70.6	77.6	76.5	67.6	66.7
22	66.5^a	70.4	71.8	74.7	64.2^a	68.7
GENDER
Male	60.8	59.5	65.7	62.2	58.0	57.9
Female	54.3	54.2	62.0	60.0	48.0	50.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	59.6	58.7	64.2	62.0	56.0	56.3
White	64.3	63.4	69.6	66.6	60.1	60.9
Black or African American	44.7	43.9	43.7	48.1	45.1	41.6
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	44.3	45.3	50.2	46.2	33.6	43.6
Two or More Races	58.0	59.4	*	*	60.4	58.4
Hispanic or Latino	48.3	48.3	59.6	53.8	44.3	46.4

90331

Table 7.89A – Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	8,548	8,291	3,718	3,421	4,824	4,863
AGE
18	1,378	1,381	539	522	839	858
19	1,702	1,544	899	808	802	735
20	1,645	1,523	835	724	810	799
21	2,047	1,950	894	823	1,152	1,128
22	1,776	1,893	551	544	1,220	1,343
GENDER
Male	5,126	4,888	1,966	1,858	3,156	3,023
Female	3,422	3,404	1,752	1,563	1,668	1,840
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	7,269	7,028	3,382	3,099	3,886	3,923
White	6,160	5,888	2,955	2,656	3,203	3,226
Black or African American	665	729	186	238	479	490
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	247	226	174	148	72	78
Two or More Races	125	103	*	*	80	59
Hispanic or Latino	1,279	1,264	336	322	938	941

90331

Table 7.89B – Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	40.5	39.1	43.6^a	40.5	38.4	38.1
AGE
18	28.9	28.2	33.7	29.0	26.6	27.7
19	38.8	35.5	40.9	37.6	36.7	33.4
20	40.3	38.4	44.0	40.7	37.0	36.6
21	50.1	49.0	52.4	52.2	48.4	46.9
22	46.9	46.9	48.8	47.8	46.0	46.5
GENDER
Male	47.4	45.3	49.9^a	45.8	46.0	44.9
Female	33.2	32.6	38.1	35.6	29.3	30.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	41.7	40.0	44.5^a	41.4	39.5	39.0
White	47.4	45.4	51.0^a	47.4	44.5	43.9
Black or African American	22.2	23.1	18.2	21.2	24.3	24.1
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	26.5	24.3	29.0	24.8	22.0	23.4
Two or More Races	40.1	34.6	*	*	40.9	31.4
Hispanic or Latino	34.7	34.3	35.9	33.3	34.2	34.7

90331

Table 7.90A – Heavy Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	3,096	3,039	1,469	1,377	1,623	1,657
AGE
18	457	444	223	200	234	244
19	618	570	342	326	276	244
20	647	609	340	325	307	284
21	733	690	359	326	374	365
22	641	726	205	200	432	520
GENDER
Male	2,105	2,062	897	864	1,203	1,192
Female	992	977	572	513	419	464
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,725	2,656	1,349	1,268	1,376	1,382
White	2,466	2,329	1,250	1,137	1,216	1,187
Black or African American	149	207	36^a	73	114	134
American Indian or Alaska Native	9	12	*	*	*	10
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	54	58	36	45	18	13
Two or More Races	39	38	*	10	16	28
Hispanic or Latino	371	384	121	109	246	275

90331

Table 7.90B – Heavy Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	14.7	14.3	17.2	16.3	12.9	13.0
AGE
18	9.6	9.1	14.0	11.1	7.4	7.9
19	14.1	13.1	15.6	15.1	12.6	11.1
20	15.8	15.4	17.9	18.3	14.0	13.0
21	17.9	17.3	21.1	20.7	15.7	15.1
22	16.9	18.0	18.1	17.6	16.3	18.0
GENDER
Male	19.5	19.1	22.8	21.3	17.5	17.7
Female	9.6	9.4	12.4	11.7	7.4	7.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	15.6	15.1	17.8	17.0	14.0	13.7
White	19.0	18.0	21.6	20.3	16.9	16.2
Black or African American	5.0	6.6	3.5	6.5	5.8	6.6
American Indian or Alaska Native	8.6	9.4	*	*	*	9.1
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	5.8	6.3	6.0	7.5	5.4	4.0
Two or More Races	12.6	12.8	*	9.3	8.2	14.8
Hispanic or Latino	10.1	10.4	12.9	11.2	9.0	10.1

90402

Table 7.91A – Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	1,843	1,857	540	615	1,304	1,241
AGE
18	381	455	81	125	300	330
19	420	474	142	191	278	284
20	377	357	122	144	255	212
21	382^b	257	126^a	74	257^a	183
22	284	315	69	81	214	233
GENDER
Male	1,230	1,086	324	319	905^a	767
Female	614^a	771	216^a	297	398	474
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,594	1,524	489	527	1,104	997
White	1,233	1,215	415	441	818	773
Black or African American	243	228	38	62	205	166
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	53^a	20	27	12	26	8
Two or More Races	43	30	8	8	35	21
Hispanic or Latino	250	333	50	88	200	245

90402

Table 7.91B – Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	8.7	8.7	6.3	7.3	10.4	9.7
AGE
18	8.0	9.3	5.1	7.0	9.5	10.6
19	9.6	10.9	6.4	8.9	12.7	12.9
20	9.2	9.0	6.4	8.1	11.7	9.7
21	9.4^b	6.4	7.4^a	4.7	10.8^a	7.6
22	7.5	7.8	6.1	7.1	8.1	8.1
GENDER
Male	11.4	10.1	8.2	7.9	13.2^a	11.4
Female	6.0^a	7.4	4.7^a	6.7	7.0	7.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.1	8.7	6.4	7.0	11.2	9.9
White	9.5	9.4	7.2	7.9	11.4	10.5
Black or African American	8.1	7.2	3.7	5.5	10.4	8.2
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	5.7^a	2.2	4.5	2.0	7.8	2.4
Two or More Races	13.8	9.9	7.1	7.3	17.9	11.4
Hispanic or Latino	6.8^a	9.0	5.4	9.1	7.3	9.0

90402

Table 7.92A – Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	3,647	3,601	1,548	1,535	2,099	2,066
AGE
18	596^a	717	220	255	376	462
19	756	742	389	369	366	373
20	722	689	337	345	385	344
21	839^a	701	379	318	460	383
22	734	752	223	247	511	504
GENDER
Male	2,275	2,181	817	830	1,458	1,351
Female	1,371	1,421	731	705	641	715
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3,169	3,057	1,401	1,367	1,768	1,689
White	2,683	2,540	1,220	1,170	1,463	1,369
Black or African American	303	319	95	107	208	213
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	24	*	*	11	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	94	104	58	61	36	43
Two or More Races	59	50	*	*	38	27
Hispanic or Latino	478	545	147	168	331	377

90402

Table 7.92B – Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	17.3	17.0	18.1	18.2	16.7	16.2
AGE
18	12.5	14.6	13.7	14.2	11.9^a	14.9
19	17.2	17.0	17.7	17.2	16.8	16.9
20	17.7	17.4	17.8	19.4	17.6	15.7
21	20.5^a	17.6	22.2	20.2	19.3	15.9
22	19.4	18.6	19.7	21.7	19.3	17.4
GENDER
Male	21.0	20.2	20.8	20.5	21.2	20.1
Female	13.3	13.6	15.9	16.0	11.2	11.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	18.2	17.4	18.4	18.3	18.0	16.8
White	20.6	19.6	21.0	20.9	20.3	18.6
Black or African American	10.1	10.1	9.3	9.5	10.6	10.5
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	19.0	*	*	13.1	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	10.1	11.2	9.7	10.2	10.9	13.0
Two or More Races	18.7	16.8	*	*	19.5	14.2
Hispanic or Latino	13.0	14.8	15.7	17.3	12.1	13.9

90402

Table 7.93A – Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	4,521	4,448	1,779	1,809	2,741	2,639
AGE
18	780	908	256	309	524	599
19	954	953	454	448	501	505
20	909	860	394	416	515	444
21	1,004^a	825	428	349	575	476
22	873	902	247	287	626	615
GENDER
Male	2,830	2,669	954	978	1,875	1,691
Female	1,691	1,779	825	831	866	947
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3,907	3,749	1,610	1,599	2,297	2,150
White	3,220	3,086	1,388	1,360	1,832	1,726
Black or African American	444	419	117	137	327	282
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	122	116	71	66	51	50
Two or More Races	75	71	*	*	50	42
Hispanic or Latino	613	699	170	210	444	489

90402

Table 7.93B – Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Total¹		Full-Time College Students		Other Persons Aged 18-22²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	21.4	20.9	20.9	21.4	21.8	20.7
AGE
18	16.4	18.5	16.0	17.2	16.6	19.3
19	21.8	21.9	20.6	20.8	22.9	22.9
20	22.2	21.7	20.8	23.4	23.5	20.3
21	24.6^a	20.7	25.1	22.1	24.2^a	19.8
22	23.0	22.4	21.9	25.2	23.6	21.3
GENDER
Male	26.2	24.7	24.2	24.1	27.3	25.1
Female	16.4	17.0	18.0	18.9	15.2	15.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	22.4	21.4	21.2	21.4	23.4^a	21.4
White	24.8	23.8	23.9	24.3	25.4	23.5
Black or African American	14.8	13.3	11.4	12.1	16.6	13.9
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	13.2	12.5	11.8	11.1	15.6	15.0
Two or More Races	24.1	23.7	*	*	25.5	22.4
Hispanic or Latino	16.6	19.0	18.1	21.7	16.2	18.0

90428

Table 7.94A – Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹	Full-Time College Students	Other Persons Aged 18-22²
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met criteria in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. NSDUH respondents' SMI status is determined based on their responses to questions on distress (K6 scale) and impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS] for half the sample, and Sheehan Disability Scale [SDS] for the other half). Regression models, based on clinical interviews conducted on a subset (n = 1,502) of NSDUH respondents, specify the distress and impairment levels predictive of having SMI. For details, see Section B.4.6 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008.
TOTAL	1,583	559	1,024
AGE
18	325	126	199
19	327	138	189
20	333	119	214
21	290	97	193
22	309	79	230
GENDER
Male	540	174	366
Female	1,043	385	658
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,318	493	825
White	1,035	383	652
Black or African American	177	59	117
American Indian or Alaska Native	7	*	4
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*
Asian	53	35	18
Two or More Races	43	*	30
Hispanic or Latino	265	66	199

90428

Table 7.94B – Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹	Full-Time College Students	Other Persons Aged 18-22²
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met criteria in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. NSDUH respondents' SMI status is determined based on their responses to questions on distress (K6 scale) and impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS] for half the sample, and Sheehan Disability Scale [SDS] for the other half). Regression models, based on clinical interviews conducted on a subset (n = 1,502) of NSDUH respondents, specify the distress and impairment levels predictive of having SMI. For details, see Section B.4.6 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008.
TOTAL	7.5	6.6	8.0
AGE
18	6.6	7.0	6.4
19	7.5	6.4	8.6
20	8.4	6.7	9.8
21	7.3	6.2	8.0
22	7.7	6.9	7.9
GENDER
Male	5.0	4.3	5.4
Female	10.0	8.8	10.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	7.5	6.6	8.2
White	8.0	6.8	8.9
Black or African American	5.6	5.3	5.8
American Indian or Alaska Native	5.3	*	3.5
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*
Asian	5.7	5.8	5.3
Two or More Races	14.4	*	16.2
Hispanic or Latino	7.2	6.9	7.3

90721

Table 7.95A – Had at Least One Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹	Full-Time College Students	Other Persons Aged 18-22²
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Estimates in this table are based on a subsample of respondents aged 18 or older. See Section B.4.7 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Respondents with unknown data for the Past Year MDE measure were excluded. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 (subsample).
TOTAL	1,862	680	1,182
AGE
18	420	173	247
19	378	156	222
20	311	121	190
21	372	104	268
22	381	126	255
GENDER
Male	562	160	402
Female	1,300	520	780
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,556	591	964
White	1,177	442	735
Black or African American	226	66	160
American Indian or Alaska Native	10	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*
Asian	49	46	*
Two or More Races	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	306	89	217

90721

Table 7.95B – Had at Least One Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹	Full-Time College Students	Other Persons Aged 18-22²
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Estimates in this table are based on a subsample of respondents aged 18 or older. See Section B.4.7 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Respondents with unknown data for the Past Year MDE measure were excluded. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 22, including those with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents aged 18 to 22 not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 (subsample).
TOTAL	8.9	8.3	9.3
AGE
18	8.6	9.5	8.1
19	8.9	7.5	10.1
20	8.2	7.5	8.7
21	9.5	6.8	11.3
22	9.4	11.0	8.8
GENDER
Male	5.3	4.0	6.0
Female	12.7	12.3	13.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.0	8.1	9.6
White	9.2	8.0	10.2
Black or African American	7.3	6.5	7.7
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.9	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*
Asian	5.8	8.0	*
Two or More Races	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	8.6	9.8	8.2

90330

Table 7.96A – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Age Category	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	9,923	10,012	31,358	30,863	33,575	33,174
12	3	5	3	6	3	7
13	6	1	12^a	1	13^b	1
14	27	20	31	23	38	26
15	71	63	80	67	104	87
16	203	179	202	191	277	253
17	373	375	464	436	578	548
18	502	535	657	606	789	794
19	615	617	842	803	973	968
20	633	619	919	794	1,044	922
21	626	518	1,097	982	1,185	1,089
22	522	505	1,051	1,158	1,168	1,219
23	464	432	1,049	1,073	1,131	1,184
24	404	455	987	1,006	1,051	1,102
25	329	376	851	922	904	997
26-29	1,179	1,395	3,291^a	3,963	3,564^a	4,220
30-34	956	972	3,406	3,321	3,594	3,510
35-39	753	834	3,389	3,117	3,542	3,259
40-44	805	711	3,326	3,029	3,527	3,202
45-49	703	708	3,199	3,304	3,310	3,504
50-54	375	312	2,902	2,501	2,991	2,602
55-59	228	232	1,883	1,759	2,002	1,816
60-64	61	95	844	1,063	889	1,076
65 or Older	86	50	873	738	897	788

90330

Table 7.96B – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year, by Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Age Category	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	4.0	4.0	12.7	12.4	13.5	13.3
12	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
13	0.1	0.0	0.3^a	0.0	0.3^b	0.0
14	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.6
15	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.5	2.4	2.0
16	4.6	4.1	4.5	4.4	6.2	5.8
17	9.0	8.7	11.2	10.1	14.0	12.7
18	10.5	10.9	13.8	12.4	16.5	16.2
19	14.0	14.2	19.2	18.4	22.2	22.2
20	15.5	15.6	22.5	20.0	25.5	23.2
21	15.3	13.0	26.8	24.6	29.0	27.3
22	13.8	12.5	27.7	28.7	30.8	30.2
23	11.7	10.6	26.5	26.3	28.6	29.0
24	10.3	11.8	25.1	26.1	26.7	28.6
25	8.8	10.0	22.9	24.4	24.3	26.4
26-29	7.2	8.2	20.1^a	23.2	21.7^a	24.7
30-34	5.1	5.2	18.0	17.9	19.0	18.9
35-39	3.6	4.1	16.1	15.4	16.8	16.1
40-44	3.8	3.3	15.7	14.1	16.6	14.9
45-49	3.1	3.1	14.2	14.7	14.7	15.6
50-54	1.7	1.4	13.4	11.4	13.8	11.8
55-59	1.2	1.3	10.2	9.9	10.9	10.2
60-64	0.5	0.6	6.3	7.0	6.7	7.1
65 or Older	0.2	0.1	2.4	2.0	2.5	2.1

90330

Table 7.97A – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	9,923	10,012	31,358	30,863	33,575	33,174
AGE
12-17	683	643	792	725	1,013	922
18-25	4,095	4,058	7,454	7,343	8,245	8,275
26 or Older	5,145	5,311	23,113	22,796	24,317	23,977
GENDER
Male	6,885	6,623	19,938	19,349	21,391	20,758
Female	3,038	3,388	11,420	11,515	12,185	12,416
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8,957	8,959	28,488	27,623	30,569	29,720
White	7,358	7,465	24,631	23,917	26,309	25,611
Black or African American	1,223	1,171	2,584	2,611	2,921	2,926
American Indian or Alaska Native	59	40	153^a	64	157^a	78
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	22	12	69	50	70	52
Asian	113	115	686	650	708	672
Two or More Races	182	157	365	331	403	381
Hispanic or Latino	967	1,052	2,870	3,241	3,006	3,453

90330

Table 7.97B – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	4.0	4.0	12.7	12.4	13.5	13.3
AGE
12-17	2.7	2.6	3.1	2.9	4.0	3.7
18-25	12.5	12.3	22.8	22.3	25.2	25.1
26 or Older	2.7	2.8	12.2	11.9	12.8	12.5
GENDER
Male	5.7	5.5	16.6	16.0	17.8	17.1
Female	2.4	2.6	9.0	9.0	9.6	9.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.2	4.2	13.3	12.9	14.3	13.8
White	4.4	4.4	14.6	14.1	15.6	15.1
Black or African American	4.2	4.0	8.8	8.8	10.0	9.9
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.6	3.7	12.1^a	5.9	12.4	7.2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	3.1	1.3	9.8	5.5	9.9	5.8
Asian	1.1	1.1	6.5	6.0	6.7	6.2
Two or More Races	6.6	5.2	13.3	11.0	14.7	12.6
Hispanic or Latino	2.8	3.0	8.4	9.2	8.8	9.8

90330

Table 7.98A – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	9,240	9,368	30,567	30,138	32,562	32,252
GENDER
Male	6,486	6,262	19,495	18,992	20,820	20,280
Female	2,754	3,106	11,072	11,146	11,743	11,971
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8,356	8,407	27,808	27,005	29,681	28,926
White	6,837	6,998	24,022	23,378	25,522	24,925
Black or African American	1,173	1,119	2,549	2,560	2,861	2,858
American Indian or Alaska Native	54	35	146^a	59	149^a	72
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	21	11	*	49	*	51
Asian	103	107	670	644	691	663
Two or More Races	169	138	353	314	390	357
Hispanic or Latino	885	961	2,758	3,134	2,882	3,326
EDUCATION
< High School	1,449^a	1,190	2,827^a	2,316	3,224^a	2,697
High School Graduate	2,955	3,268	7,700^a	8,567	8,449^a	9,287
Some College	3,152	2,949	9,478	8,923	10,093	9,558
College Graduate	1,684	1,962	10,562	10,332	10,796	10,709
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	5,671	5,510	21,910	21,518	23,033	22,524
Part-Time	1,627	1,733	4,149	4,167	4,479	4,584
Unemployed	618^b	858	1,196	1,187	1,315	1,435
Other¹	1,325	1,268	3,311	3,267	3,735	3,709

90330

Table 7.98B – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	4.2	4.2	13.7	13.4	14.6	14.3
GENDER
Male	6.0	5.8	18.2	17.5	19.4	18.7
Female	2.4	2.7	9.6	9.6	10.2	10.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.3	4.3	14.4	13.9	15.4	14.9
White	4.4	4.5	15.6	15.1	16.6	16.1
Black or African American	4.6	4.3	10.0	9.9	11.3	11.1
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.9	3.7	13.3^a	6.3	13.5	7.6
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	3.2	1.4	*	6.1	*	6.4
Asian	1.1	1.1	7.0	6.6	7.2	6.8
Two or More Races	7.3	5.5	15.2	12.5	16.8	14.2
Hispanic or Latino	3.0	3.2	9.3	10.3	9.7	11.0
EDUCATION
< High School	4.0	3.4	7.8	6.6	8.9	7.7
High School Graduate	4.3	4.7	11.3	12.2	12.4	13.2
Some College	5.5	5.2	16.5	15.6	17.6	16.7
College Graduate	2.8	3.1	17.4	16.5	17.8	17.1
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4.7	4.5	18.0	17.6	19.0	18.4
Part-Time	5.5	5.7	14.1	13.8	15.2	15.2
Unemployed	8.7	9.5	16.8^a	13.2	18.5	16.0
Other¹	2.1	2.0	5.1	5.1	5.8	5.8

120411

Table 7.99A (REVISED) – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Geographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Geographic Characteristic	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	9,267	9,392	30,675	30,337	32,678	32,454
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	1,533	1,783	5,116	5,706	5,397^a	6,092
New England	551	579	1,774	1,848	1,844	1,970
Middle Atlantic	982	1,204	3,341	3,858	3,554^a	4,123
Midwest	2,269	2,088	8,543	8,240	9,070	8,743
East North Central	1,600	1,611	5,936	5,453	6,320	5,822
West North Central	670^a	478	2,607	2,787	2,751	2,921
South	3,265	3,227	10,048	9,861	10,803	10,506
South Atlantic	1,729	1,826	5,289	5,193	5,710	5,552
East South Central	573	487	1,329	1,309	1,451	1,461
West South Central	963	914	3,430	3,360	3,643	3,493
West	2,199	2,293	6,968	6,530	7,408	7,113
Mountain	683	672	2,226	1,915	2,390	2,062
Pacific	1,516	1,622	4,742	4,615	5,017	5,051
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	4,834	5,380	16,444	17,276	17,420	18,479
Small Metro	3,052	2,868	9,772	9,058	10,394	9,672
250K - 1 Mil. Pop.	2,085	1,884	6,534	6,065	6,950	6,449
< 250K Pop.	967	985	3,238	2,992	3,444	3,223
Nonmetro	1,382	1,144	4,460	4,003	4,864	4,304
Urbanized	653	489	2,103	1,792	2,265	1,895
Less Urbanized	631	585	2,039	1,838	2,240	2,008
Completely Rural	97	70	317	374	359	400

120411

Table 7.99B (REVISED) – Drove Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Geographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Geographic Characteristic	Illicit Drug (2007)	Illicit Drug (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2007)	Illicit Drug or Alcohol (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	4.2	4.2	13.8	13.5	14.7	14.4
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	3.7	4.3	12.4	13.7	13.0^a	14.6
New England	5.1	5.3	16.3	16.9	17.0	18.0
Middle Atlantic	3.2	3.9	10.9	12.5	11.6^a	13.4
Midwest	4.6	4.2	17.4	16.7	18.4	17.7
East North Central	4.7	4.7	17.3	15.8	18.4	16.9
West North Central	4.5^a	3.2	17.6	18.7	18.6	19.6
South	4.0	3.9	12.4	12.0	13.4	12.8
South Atlantic	4.0	4.2	12.3	12.0	13.3	12.8
East South Central	4.3	3.6	10.0	9.8	10.9	10.9
West South Central	3.9	3.6	13.9	13.4	14.8	13.9
West	4.3	4.4	13.6	12.6	14.5	13.7
Mountain	4.4	4.3	14.4	12.1	15.5	13.1
Pacific	4.2	4.5	13.3	12.8	14.0	14.0
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	4.1	4.5	13.8	14.4	14.6	15.4
Small Metro	4.6	4.2	14.6^a	13.3	15.6^a	14.2
250K - 1 Mil. Pop.	4.7	4.2	14.7	13.4	15.6	14.3
< 250K Pop.	4.4	4.3	14.6	13.0	15.6	14.0
Nonmetro	3.7^a	3.1	12.1	10.8	13.2^a	11.6
Urbanized	4.3^a	3.2	13.9	11.7	15.0^a	12.3
Less Urbanized	3.6	3.2	11.6	10.2	12.7	11.1
Completely Rural	2.3	1.9	7.6	10.2	8.6	11.0

90401

Table 7.100A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. ² Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS²	17,448	17,773	1,439	1,244	15,971	16,456
Marijuana and Hashish	12,762	13,546	1,038	1,019	11,706	12,478
Cocaine	1,972	1,757	243	227	1,727	1,510
Crack	594^a	352	92	75	502^a	277
Heroin	150	199	34	31	112	168
Hallucinogens	821	818	96	140	725	671
LSD	115	104	11	18	104	86
PCP	32	*	4	7	28	*
Ecstasy	438	450	61	86	377	363
Inhalants	321	372	43	31	277	341
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	6,066	5,514	588	522	5,458	4,978
Pain Relievers	4,505	4,180	391	389	4,113	3,779
OxyContin^®	322	386	45	74	276	311
Tranquilizers	1,652	1,650	135	205	1,500	1,444
Stimulants⁴	926	791	144	74	780	715
Methamphetamine⁴	496^a	285	89^a	22	405	262
Sedatives	312	199	26	16	285	183
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA²	8,089	7,474	776	730	7,290	6,708

90401

Table 7.100B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. ² Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS²	7.8	7.9	28.4	23.9	7.4	7.5
Marijuana and Hashish	5.7	6.0	20.5	19.6	5.4	5.7
Cocaine	0.9	0.8	4.8	4.4	0.8	0.7
Crack	0.3^a	0.2	1.8	1.4	0.2^b	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.4	0.4	1.9	2.7	0.3	0.3
LSD	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.0
PCP	0.0	*	0.1	0.1	0.0	*
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	1.2	1.7	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.6	0.1	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	2.7	2.5	11.6	10.0	2.5	2.3
Pain Relievers	2.0	1.9	7.7	7.5	1.9	1.7
OxyContin^®	0.1	0.2	0.9	1.4	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.7	0.7	2.7	3.9	0.7	0.7
Stimulants⁴	0.4	0.4	2.8	1.4	0.4	0.3
Methamphetamine⁴	0.2^a	0.1	1.7^a	0.4	0.2	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA²	3.6	3.3	15.3	14.0	3.4	3.1

90401

Table 7.101A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Probation Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 49, including those with unknown probation status. ² Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS²	14,966	15,109	1,375	1,169	13,553	13,887
Marijuana and Hashish	11,382	11,719	1,024	966	10,341	10,705
Cocaine	1,737	1,550	243	227	1,492	1,322
Crack	506^a	308	92	75	414^a	233
Heroin	121	163	34	31	83	132
Hallucinogens	810	808	96	132	714	668
LSD	115	104	11	18	104	86
PCP	32	10	4	7	28	*
Ecstasy	438	441	61	79	377	361
Inhalants	262	309	18	31	244	278
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	4,897	4,703	539	455	4,338	4,234
Pain Relievers	3,734	3,561	365	376	3,367	3,173
OxyContin^®	270	360	45	74	223	285
Tranquilizers	1,321	1,493	111	151	1,193	1,340
Stimulants⁴	822	739	144	74	676	662
Methamphetamine⁴	410^a	248	89^a	22	319	225
Sedatives	208	161	26	16	181	145
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA²	6,695	6,405	726	656	5,945	5,733

90401

Table 7.101B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Probation Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 to 49, including those with unknown probation status. ² Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS²	11.3	11.4	30.2	26.3	10.6	10.8
Marijuana and Hashish	8.6	8.8	22.5	21.8	8.1	8.4
Cocaine	1.3	1.2	5.3	5.1	1.2	1.0
Crack	0.4^a	0.2	2.0	1.7	0.3^a	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.7	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.6	0.6	2.1	3.0	0.6	0.5
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.1
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0	*
Ecstasy	0.3	0.3	1.3	1.8	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.2	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	3.7	3.5	11.8	10.3	3.4	3.3
Pain Relievers	2.8	2.7	8.0	8.5	2.6	2.5
OxyContin^®	0.2	0.3	1.0	1.7	0.2	0.2
Tranquilizers	1.0	1.1	2.4	3.4	0.9	1.0
Stimulants⁴	0.6	0.6	3.2	1.7	0.5	0.5
Methamphetamine⁴	0.3^a	0.2	2.0^a	0.5	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA²	5.0	4.8	16.0	14.8	4.6	4.5

90401

Table 7.102A – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	17,448	17,773	1,439	1,244	15,971	16,456
AGE
18-49	14,966	15,109	1,375	1,169	13,553	13,887
18-25	6,464	6,465	713^a	589	5,739	5,865
26-34	3,864	3,996	332	454	3,523	3,538
35-49	4,638	4,648	330^b	126	4,291	4,484
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	11,217	10,785	1,116	924	10,084	9,822
Male 18-49	9,596	9,151	1,052	859	8,527	8,253
Female 18 or Older	6,231^a	6,988	323	320	5,888^a	6,635
Female 18-49	5,369^a	5,958	323	310	5,026^a	5,634

90401

Table 7.102B – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	7.8	7.9	28.4	23.9	7.4	7.5
AGE
18-49	11.3	11.4	30.2	26.3	10.6	10.8
18-25	19.7	19.6	39.7	35.1	18.6	18.8
26-34	10.9	11.2	27.0	30.7	10.4	10.4
35-49	7.2	7.2	21.6^b	9.8	6.8	7.1
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	10.4	9.9	30.9	25.5	9.7	9.4
Male 18-49	14.5	13.9	32.2	28.1	13.6	13.2
Female 18 or Older	5.4^a	6.0	22.2	20.2	5.2^a	5.8
Female 18-49	8.0^a	8.9	25.2	22.5	7.7^a	8.6

90401

Table 7.103A – Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	5,758	5,841	862	730	4,882	5,108
AGE
18-49	5,228	5,490	810	720	4,404	4,767
18-25	2,592	2,563	437^a	325	2,149	2,235
26-34	1,236	1,502	178	274	1,050	1,228
35-49	1,400	1,425	195	121	1,205	1,304
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	3,952	3,550	666	501	3,273	3,047
Male 18-49	3,575	3,342	614	501	2,948	2,839
Female 18 or Older	1,806^b	2,291	197	229	1,610^b	2,060
Female 18-49	1,652^b	2,148	197	219	1,456^b	1,928

90401

Table 7.103B – Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	2.6	2.6	17.0	14.0	2.2	2.3
AGE
18-49	3.9	4.1	17.8	16.2	3.4	3.7
18-25	7.9	7.8	24.4^a	19.4	7.0	7.2
26-34	3.5	4.2	14.5	18.5	3.1	3.6
35-49	2.2	2.2	12.7	9.4	1.9	2.1
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	3.7	3.3	18.4	13.8	3.2	2.9
Male 18-49	5.4	5.1	18.8	16.4	4.7	4.5
Female 18 or Older	1.6^b	2.0	13.5	14.5	1.4^b	1.8
Female 18-49	2.5^b	3.2	15.3	15.9	2.2^b	3.0

90401

Table 7.104A – Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	20,373	20,334	1,896	1,774	18,429	18,478
AGE
18-49	17,044	17,343	1,711	1,661	15,286	15,620
18-25	6,769	6,845	822	714	5,934	6,122
26-34	4,434^a	5,001	407^a	647	3,997	4,346
35-49	5,842	5,497	481^a	300	5,356	5,152
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	14,004	13,057	1,542	1,299	12,422	11,719
Male 18-49	11,611	11,055	1,369	1,219	10,202	9,797
Female 18 or Older	6,370^b	7,276	354	474	6,007^a	6,760
Female 18-49	5,434^b	6,288	342	442	5,084^b	5,823

90401

Table 7.104B – Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PROBATION STATUS DURING THE PAST YEAR
	Total¹		On Probation		Not on Probation
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown probation status. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	9.2	9.0	37.4	34.0	8.5	8.4
AGE
18-49	12.8	13.1	37.6	37.4	11.9	12.2
18-25	20.7	20.8	45.8	42.6	19.2	19.6
26-34	12.6	14.0	33.2	43.7	11.8	12.7
35-49	9.0	8.6	31.5	23.4	8.5	8.2
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	13.0^a	12.0	42.7	35.8	12.0	11.2
Male 18-49	17.6	16.8	41.9	39.8	16.3	15.6
Female 18 or Older	5.5^b	6.3	24.3	30.0	5.3^a	5.9
Female 18-49	8.1^b	9.4	26.6	32.1	7.8^b	8.9

90401

Table 7.105A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	17,448	17,773	389	295	17,015	17,410
Marijuana and Hashish	12,762	13,546	239	220	12,501	13,281
Cocaine	1,972	1,757	63	69	1,900	1,668
Crack	594^a	352	48	29	546^a	323
Heroin	150	199	9	2	137	198
Hallucinogens	821	818	23	42	798	769
LSD	115	104	3	*	112	104
PCP	32	*	2	0	30	*
Ecstasy	438	450	14	17	425	431
Inhalants	321	372	3	4	318	367
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	6,066	5,514	190^a	85	5,855	5,419
Pain Relievers	4,505	4,180	126^a	53	4,376	4,118
OxyContin^®	322	386	3	2	318	383
Tranquilizers	1,652	1,650	57	35	1,579	1,616
Stimulants⁵	926	791	46	20	878	770
Methamphetamine⁵	496^a	285	29	13	465^a	270
Sedatives	312	199	12	5	299	194
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	8,089	7,474	209	167	7,848	7,277

90401

Table 7.105B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	7.8	7.9	24.1	18.3	7.7	7.8
Marijuana and Hashish	5.7	6.0	14.8	13.6	5.7	6.0
Cocaine	0.9	0.8	3.9	4.3	0.9	0.7
Crack	0.3^a	0.2	3.0	1.8	0.2^a	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.4	0.4	1.4	2.6	0.4	0.3
LSD	0.1	0.0	0.2	*	0.1	0.0
PCP	0.0	*	0.1	0.0	0.0	*
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	0.8	1.1	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	2.7	2.5	11.8^a	5.3	2.7	2.4
Pain Relievers	2.0	1.9	7.8^a	3.3	2.0	1.8
OxyContin^®	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tranquilizers	0.7	0.7	3.5	2.1	0.7	0.7
Stimulants⁵	0.4	0.4	2.9	1.2	0.4	0.3
Methamphetamine⁵	0.2^a	0.1	1.8	0.8	0.2^a	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	3.6	3.3	13.0	10.4	3.6	3.3

90401

Table 7.106A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Parole/Supervised Release Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for persons aged 18 to 49, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	14,966	15,109	365	259	14,557	14,802
Marijuana and Hashish	11,382	11,719	239	191	11,120	11,482
Cocaine	1,737	1,550	63	69	1,665	1,479
Crack	506^a	308	48	29	457^a	279
Heroin	121	163	9	2	108	161
Hallucinogens	810	808	23	35	788	767
LSD	115	104	3	*	112	104
PCP	32	10	2	0	30	10
Ecstasy	438	441	14	10	425	429
Inhalants	262	309	3	4	259	305
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	4,897	4,703	166^a	75	4,710	4,618
Pain Relievers	3,734	3,561	126^a	53	3,606	3,499
OxyContin^®	270	360	3	2	265	357
Tranquilizers	1,321	1,493	32	24	1,271	1,468
Stimulants⁵	822	739	46	20	774	717
Methamphetamine⁵	410^a	248	*	13	379	233
Sedatives	208	161	12	*	195	156
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	6,695	6,405	185	149	6,478	6,244

90401

Table 7.106B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Parole/Supervised Release Status: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Drug	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for persons aged 18 to 49, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. ³ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ⁴ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁵ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings*. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS³	11.3	11.4	26.6	19.0	11.1	11.3
Marijuana and Hashish	8.6	8.8	17.4	14.0	8.5	8.8
Cocaine	1.3	1.2	4.6	5.1	1.3	1.1
Crack	0.4^a	0.2	3.5	2.1	0.3^a	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.6	0.6	1.6	2.6	0.6	0.6
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.2	*	0.1	0.1
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	0.3	0.3	1.0	0.7	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^4,5	3.7	3.5	12.1^a	5.5	3.6	3.5
Pain Relievers	2.8	2.7	9.2^a	3.9	2.7	2.7
OxyContin^®	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tranquilizers	1.0	1.1	2.4	1.8	1.0	1.1
Stimulants⁵	0.6	0.6	3.4	1.5	0.6	0.5
Methamphetamine⁵	0.3^a	0.2	*	1.0	0.3	0.2
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.9	*	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA³	5.0	4.8	13.5	11.0	4.9	4.8

90401

Table 7.107A – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	17,448	17,773	389	295	17,015	17,410
AGE
18-49	14,966	15,109	365	259	14,557	14,802
18-25	6,464	6,465	159	117	6,293	6,341
26-34	3,864	3,996	*	*	3,759	3,872
35-49	4,638	4,648	*	*	4,504	4,589
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	11,217	10,785	351	235	10,843	10,514
Male 18-49	9,596	9,151	327^a	210	9,246	8,906
Female 18 or Older	6,231^a	6,988	37	*	6,173^a	6,897
Female 18-49	5,369^a	5,958	37	*	5,311^a	5,896

90401

Table 7.107B – Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	7.8	7.9	24.1	18.3	7.7	7.8
AGE
18-49	11.3	11.4	26.6	19.0	11.1	11.3
18-25	19.7	19.6	36.6	29.7	19.5	19.5
26-34	10.9	11.2	*	*	10.8	11.0
35-49	7.2	7.2	*	*	7.0	7.2
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	10.4	9.9	27.6	18.5	10.2	9.8
Male 18-49	14.5	13.9	28.8	19.3	14.3	13.8
Female 18 or Older	5.4^a	6.0	11.0	*	5.4	5.9
Female 18-49	8.0^a	8.9	16.0	*	8.0^a	8.9

90401

Table 7.108A – Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	5,758	5,841	250	233	5,495	5,607
AGE
18-49	5,228	5,490	223	222	4,992	5,266
18-25	2,592	2,563	119	97	2,468	2,465
26-34	1,236	1,502	*	*	1,179	1,400
35-49	1,400	1,425	*	*	1,345	1,401
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	3,952	3,550	221	186	3,719	3,362
Male 18-49	3,575	3,342	194	186	3,369	3,154
Female 18 or Older	1,806^b	2,291	29	*	1,777^b	2,244
Female 18-49	1,652^b	2,148	29	*	1,623^b	2,112

90401

Table 7.108B – Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	2.6	2.6	15.5	14.4	2.5	2.5
AGE
18-49	3.9	4.1	16.3	16.3	3.8	4.0
18-25	7.9	7.8	27.4	24.7	7.7	7.6
26-34	3.5	4.2	*	*	3.4	4.0
35-49	2.2	2.2	*	*	2.1	2.2
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	3.7	3.3	17.4	14.7	3.5	3.1
Male 18-49	5.4	5.1	17.1	17.1	5.2	4.9
Female 18 or Older	1.6^b	2.0	8.7	*	1.5^b	1.9
Female 18-49	2.5^b	3.2	12.5	*	2.4^b	3.2

90401

Table 7.109A – Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	20,373	20,334	600	447	19,733	19,814
AGE
18-49	17,044	17,343	545	407	16,460	16,883
18-25	6,769	6,845	224	181	6,535	6,657
26-34	4,434^a	5,001	*	*	4,269	4,847
35-49	5,842	5,497	*	*	5,656	5,379
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	14,004	13,057	521	356	13,445	12,664
Male 18-49	11,611	11,055	466	348	11,108	10,671
Female 18 or Older	6,370^b	7,276	*	*	6,288^b	7,149
Female 18-49	5,434^b	6,288	*	*	5,352^b	6,212

90401

Table 7.109B – Illicit Drug or Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		PAROLE/SUPERVISED RELEASE DURING THE PAST YEAR²
	Total¹		Yes		No
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates in the Total column are for all persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown parole/supervised release status. ² Respondents were asked if they were on parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison during the past year. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	9.2	9.0	37.2	27.8	8.9	8.9
AGE
18-49	12.8	13.1	39.7	29.9	12.5	12.9
18-25	20.7	20.8	51.4	45.8	20.3	20.5
26-34	12.6	14.0	*	*	12.3	13.8
35-49	9.0	8.6	*	*	8.8	8.5
GENDER/AGE
Male 18 or Older	13.0^a	12.0	41.0^a	28.0	12.7	11.8
Male 18-49	17.6	16.8	41.0	32.0	17.2	16.5
Female 18 or Older	5.5^b	6.3	*	*	5.5^a	6.2
Female 18-49	8.1^b	9.4	*	*	8.0^b	9.3

120411

Table 7.110A (REVISED) – No Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	NO PAST MONTH USE
	Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹		Illicit Drugs¹		Alcohol
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Number 26-10a (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ³ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	20,147	20,313	22,826^b	22,580	21,201	21,221
RACE²
American Indian or Alaska Native	231	247	276	278	250	269
Asian or Pacific Islander	1,022	1,008	1,073	1,056	1,052	1,033
Asian Only	922	906	968	950	948	923
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	3,344	3,336	3,621	3,593	3,591^a	3,510
White	15,121	15,271	17,386^b	17,172	15,861	15,932
Two or More Races	430	450	469	482	447	478
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	3,787	3,851	4,287	4,302	3,957	4,023
Not Hispanic or Latino	16,361	16,462	18,539^b	18,278	17,244	17,198
Black or African American	3,215	3,229	3,486	3,474	3,460	3,392
White	11,710	11,746	13,514	13,234	12,296	12,259
GENDER
Male	10,257	10,415	11,595	11,502	10,834	10,881
Female	9,891	9,898	11,231^a	11,078	10,367	10,340
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)³
Less Than 100%	3,753	3,618	4,159	3,875	4,017	3,815
100-199%	4,295	4,534	4,750	4,994	4,553	4,751
200% or More	12,099	12,161	13,917	13,711	12,630	12,655
REGION
Northeast	3,505	3,475	4,048^b	3,915	3,651	3,642
Midwest	4,436	4,468	5,078^a	5,008	4,670	4,663
South	7,384^a	7,526	8,278	8,331	7,791	7,835
West	4,822	4,844	5,422	5,326	5,089	5,081

120411

Table 7.110B (REVISED) – No Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	NO PAST MONTH USE
	Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹		Illicit Drugs¹		Alcohol
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Number 26-10a (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ³ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	79.8^b	81.6	90.4	90.7	84.0^b	85.3
RACE²
American Indian or Alaska Native	72.6	76.7	86.8	86.0	78.5	83.3
Asian or Pacific Islander	89.2	91.8	93.7	96.1	91.8	94.0
Asian Only	89.4	92.6	93.8^a	97.1	91.9	94.3
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	83.6	85.1	90.5	91.7	89.8	89.5
White	78.5^b	80.4	90.3	90.4	82.3^b	83.9
Two or More Races	83.9	81.6	91.5	87.3	87.3	86.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	81.1	81.5	91.9	91.1	84.8	85.2
Not Hispanic or Latino	79.5^b	81.6	90.1	90.6	83.8^b	85.3
Black or African American	83.5	85.5	90.5	91.9	89.9	89.8
White	77.8^b	80.0	89.8	90.1	81.7^b	83.5
GENDER
Male	79.6^b	82.0	89.9	90.5	84.0^a	85.6
Female	80.1	81.2	90.9	90.9	83.9	84.9
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)³
Less Than 100%	81.3^a	84.1	90.1	90.1	87.0	88.7
100-199%	81.1	82.5	89.6	90.8	85.9	86.4
200% or More	79.0^a	80.6	90.8	90.8	82.4^a	83.8
REGION
Northeast	78.6	79.4	90.8	89.5	81.9	83.3
Midwest	79.0^a	81.1	90.4	90.9	83.2	84.6
South	80.9^b	83.2	90.7^a	92.1	85.3	86.6
West	79.9	81.3	89.8	89.4	84.3	85.3

120411

Table 7.111A (REVISED) – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	PAST MONTH USE
	Illicit Drug Use¹		Marijuana Use		Binge Alcohol Use²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-10b and 26-11d (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ³ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ⁴ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	2,415	2,312	1,693	1,668	2,457^b	2,208
RACE³
American Indian or Alaska Native	42	45	28	36	53	35
Asian or Pacific Islander	73	43	48	20	55	28
Asian Only	64^a	28	44^a	10	53	19
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*	4	*	2	*
Black or African American	379	327	234	238	174	165
White	1,878	1,827	1,350	1,320	2,142^b	1,931
Two or More Races	43^a	70	34	55	33	49
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	380	422	267	289	436	420
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,035	1,890	1,426	1,379	2,022^b	1,788
Black or African American	364	305	222	219	164	153
White	1,537	1,453	1,110	1,065	1,744^a	1,548
GENDER
Male	1,296	1,205	973	929	1,372^b	1,140
Female	1,119	1,107	721	739	1,086	1,068
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)⁴
Less Than 100%	459	424	301	308	383^a	293
100-199%	549	505	370	355	451	460
200% or More	1,407	1,383	1,022	1,005	1,624^a	1,455
REGION
Northeast	410	459	328	367	462	444
Midwest	537	501	388	362	603^a	519
South	851^a	719	565^a	476	825	726
West	617	633	412	462	567	519

120411

Table 7.111B (REVISED) – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	PAST MONTH USE
	Illicit Drug Use¹		Marijuana Use		Binge Alcohol Use²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-10b and 26-11d (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ³ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ⁴ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	9.6	9.3	6.7	6.7	9.7^a	8.9
RACE³
American Indian or Alaska Native	13.2	14.0	8.6	11.1	16.6	10.8
Asian or Pacific Islander	6.3	3.9	4.2	1.8	4.8	2.5
Asian Only	6.2^a	2.9	4.3^a	1.0	5.1	2.0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*	3.8	*	1.9	*
Black or African American	9.5	8.3	5.8	6.1	4.4	4.2
White	9.7	9.6	7.0	6.9	11.1^a	10.2
Two or More Races	8.5	12.7	6.5	9.9	6.5	8.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	8.1	8.9	5.7	6.1	9.3	8.9
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.9	9.4	6.9	6.8	9.8^a	8.9
Black or African American	9.5	8.1	5.8	5.8	4.3	4.0
White	10.2	9.9	7.4	7.3	11.6^a	10.5
GENDER
Male	10.1	9.5	7.5	7.3	10.6^b	9.0
Female	9.1	9.1	5.8	6.1	8.8	8.8
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)⁴
Less Than 100%	9.9	9.9	6.5	7.2	8.3	6.8
100-199%	10.4	9.2	7.0	6.5	8.5	8.4
200% or More	9.2	9.2	6.7	6.7	10.6^a	9.6
REGION
Northeast	9.2	10.5	7.4	8.4	10.4	10.2
Midwest	9.6	9.1	6.9	6.6	10.7^a	9.4
South	9.3^a	7.9	6.2	5.3	9.0	8.0
West	10.2	10.6	6.8	7.8	9.4	8.7

90408

Table 7.112A – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH USE
	Illicit Drug Use¹		Marijuana Use		Binge Alcohol Use²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-10c and 26-11c (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ³ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ⁴ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	17,448	17,773	12,762	13,546	55,331	55,907
RACE³
American Indian or Alaska Native	181	155	111	116	585	578
Asian or Pacific Islander	458	424	260	258	1,562	1,501
Asian Only	384	362	235	210	1,299	1,271
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	75	62	25	48	263	*
Black or African American	2,479	2,726	1,948	2,278	5,559	6,015
White	14,029	14,080	10,178	10,540	46,914	47,127
Two or More Races	300	388	265	353	710	685
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	1,879	1,763	1,280	1,195	7,576^a	8,554
Not Hispanic or Latino	15,569	16,010	11,483	12,351	47,755	47,354
Black or African American	2,414	2,663	1,896	2,224	5,425	5,880
White	12,304	12,482	8,998	9,471	39,916	39,142
GENDER
Male	11,217	10,785	8,646	8,643	36,762	37,161
Female	6,231^a	6,988	4,116^b	4,903	18,569	18,747
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)⁴
Less Than 100%	2,868	2,914	2,015	2,138	6,510	6,320
100-199%	3,420	3,704	2,571	2,849	8,981	9,582
200% or More	10,960	10,944	7,990	8,380	39,331	39,558
EDUCATION
< High School	3,393^a	2,837	2,481	2,125	8,414	8,172
High School Graduate	5,860	6,007	4,336	4,646	17,732	18,408
Some College/College Graduate	8,195	8,930	5,945^a	6,775	29,185	29,328

90408

Table 7.112B – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH USE
	Illicit Drug Use¹		Marijuana Use		Binge Alcohol Use²
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-10c and 26-11c (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ³ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ⁴ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	7.8	7.9	5.7	6.0	24.9	24.9
RACE³
American Indian or Alaska Native	8.8	7.5	5.4	5.6	28.6	27.8
Asian or Pacific Islander	4.4	4.0	2.5	2.4	14.9	14.0
Asian Only	4.0	3.7	2.4	2.1	13.4	12.9
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	8.8	7.1	2.9	5.5	31.1	*
Black or African American	9.5	10.3	7.5	8.6	21.4	22.7
White	7.7	7.7	5.6	5.8	25.9	25.8
Two or More Races	11.0	13.8	9.7	12.6	25.9	24.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	6.4	5.8	4.3	3.9	25.6	28.2
Not Hispanic or Latino	8.1	8.2	5.9	6.3	24.7	24.3
Black or African American	9.5	10.3	7.5	8.6	21.4	22.8
White	8.0	8.1	5.8	6.1	25.9	25.3
GENDER
Male	10.4	9.9	8.1	8.0	34.2	34.2
Female	5.4^a	6.0	3.6^b	4.2	16.1	16.1
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)⁴
Less Than 100%	11.2	11.5	7.9	8.5	25.5	25.0
100-199%	8.6	8.9	6.4	6.9	22.5	23.1
200% or More	7.0	7.0	5.1	5.3	25.2	25.2
EDUCATION
< High School	9.3^a	8.1	6.8	6.1	23.2	23.3
High School Graduate	8.6	8.6	6.4	6.6	26.0	26.2
Some College/College Graduate	6.9	7.5	5.0^a	5.7	24.7	24.5

120411

Table 7.113A (REVISED) – Inhalant Use in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	Inhalant Use (2007)	Inhalant Use (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Number 26-15 (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	995	986
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	14	19
Asian or Pacific Islander	23	41
Asian Only	21	36
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	1	5
Black or African American	97	88
White	841	817
Two or More Races	20	22
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	189	235
Not Hispanic or Latino	806	751
Black or African American	94	84
White	665	600
GENDER
Male	501	470
Female	494	516
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	191	168
100-199%	180^a	253
200% or More	624	566
REGION
Northeast	150	151
Midwest	226	208
South	350	308
West	268	319

120411

Table 7.113B (REVISED) – Inhalant Use in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	Inhalant Use (2007)	Inhalant Use (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Number 26-15 (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	3.9	4.0
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.5	5.7
Asian or Pacific Islander	2.0	3.7
Asian Only	2.1	3.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	1.2	4.3
Black or African American	2.4	2.2
White	4.4	4.3
Two or More Races	3.8	4.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	4.0	5.0
Not Hispanic or Latino	3.9	3.7
Black or African American	2.4	2.2
White	4.4	4.1
GENDER
Male	3.9	3.7
Female	4.0	4.2
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	4.1	3.9
100-199%	3.4^a	4.6
200% or More	4.1	3.7
REGION
Northeast	3.4	3.5
Midwest	4.0	3.8
South	3.8	3.4
West	4.4	5.4

120411

Table 7.114A (REVISED) – Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, Using Cocaine Once a Month, or Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK
	Smoke Marijuana Once a Month		Use Cocaine Once a Month		Have Five or More Drinks Once or Twice a Week
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Response categories for the Perception of Risk questions include "No risk," "Slight risk," "Moderate risk," and "Great risk." The estimates in this table correspond to persons reporting "Great risk." Respondents with unknown Perception of Risk data were excluded. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-17b, 26-17c, and 26-17a (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	8,549^a	8,206	12,234	12,061	9,797	9,879
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	109	85	154	145	127	125
Asian or Pacific Islander	431	429	486	483	534	570
Asian Only	380	384	424	417	478	506
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	45	*	*	*	64
Black or African American	1,363	1,279	2,136	2,136	1,965	1,984
White	6,478	6,256	9,200	9,041	6,961	6,983
Two or More Races	169	157	259	256	210	218
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	1,587	1,602	2,068^a	2,217	1,863^a	2,015
Not Hispanic or Latino	6,962^b	6,604	10,166^a	9,843	7,933	7,865
Black or African American	1,317	1,224	2,067	2,049	1,897	1,923
White	5,053	4,797	7,331	7,038	5,299	5,145
GENDER
Male	4,094	3,925	6,226	6,117	4,597	4,589
Female	4,456	4,281	6,007	5,943	5,200	5,290
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	1,625	1,507	2,231	2,156	1,915	1,853
100-199%	1,801	1,834	2,613	2,662	2,187	2,294
200% or More	5,123	4,865	7,389	7,243	5,695	5,732
REGION
Northeast	1,391	1,293	2,051	2,024	1,696	1,585
Midwest	1,973	1,896	2,724	2,654	2,028	2,054
South	3,276	3,308	4,654	4,615	3,765	3,822
West	1,908^b	1,708	2,805	2,768	2,308	2,417

120411

Table 7.114B (REVISED) – Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, Using Cocaine Once a Month, or Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic/Geographic Characteristic	PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK
	Smoke Marijuana Once a Month		Use Cocaine Once a Month		Have Five or More Drinks Once or Twice a Week
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: This table was revised in May 2012 due to updates (for details, see the introduction to these 2008 detailed tables). NOTE: Response categories for the Perception of Risk questions include "No risk," "Slight risk," "Moderate risk," and "Great risk." The estimates in this table correspond to persons reporting "Great risk." Respondents with unknown Perception of Risk data were excluded. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-17b 26-17c, and 26-17a (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	34.4	33.4	49.6	49.4	39.3	40.0
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	35.4^a	27.2	50.4	46.0	41.3	39.4
Asian or Pacific Islander	38.3	39.8	43.6	44.8	47.6	52.1
Asian Only	37.5	40.1	42.5	43.5	47.3	51.9
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	37.5	*	*	*	53.7
Black or African American	34.7	33.0	54.9	55.6	50.1	51.1
White	34.1	33.3	48.7	48.5	36.5	37.0
Two or More Races	33.3	28.8	51.6	47.2	41.3	40.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	34.8	34.4	45.7	47.8	40.7	43.0
Not Hispanic or Latino	34.3	33.2	50.4	49.7	39.0	39.3
Black or African American	34.8	32.8	55.2	55.3	50.2	51.3
White	34.0	33.1	49.6	48.8	35.5	35.3
GENDER
Male	32.3	31.3	49.6	49.1	36.2	36.4
Female	36.6	35.6	49.5	49.6	42.5	43.8
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	36.0	35.6	49.8	51.4	42.2	43.8
100-199%	34.5	33.8	50.6	49.5	41.9	42.1
200% or More	33.9	32.6	49.1	48.7	37.5	38.2
REGION
Northeast	31.7	30.0	47.0	47.3	38.4	36.5
Midwest	35.6	34.9	49.4	49.2	36.5	37.6
South	36.4	36.9	52.1	51.8	41.7	42.7
West	32.2^a	29.1	47.7	47.3	38.8	40.8

90408

Table 7.115A – Received Illicit Drug or Alcohol Treatment at a Specialty Facility in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Needed Treatment for the Respective Substance in the Past Year, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	SUBSTANCE FOR WHICH TREATMENT WAS RECEIVED AT A SPECIALTY FACILITY
	Illicit Drugs		Alcohol		Either Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents were classified as needing treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependent on illicit drugs or alcohol; (2) abuse of illicit drugs or alcohol; or (3) received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-18 and 26-21 (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates include persons who received treatment specifically for illicit drugs or alcohol, as well as persons who received treatment but did not specify for what substance(s). ² These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ³ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	1,343	1,209	1,567	1,560	2,412	2,287
RACE²
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	21	*	30
Asian or Pacific Islander	*	*	1	*	*	*
Asian Only	*	*	0	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	249	163	283	277	501	374
White	1,024	987	1,200	1,205	1,773	1,798
Two or More Races	*	*	*	20	*	43
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	91	130	130	103	177	182
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,253	1,079	1,437	1,457	2,235	2,105
Black or African American	245	162	279	273	494	369
White	943	867	1,093	1,115	1,626	1,633
GENDER
Male	917	712	1,142	1,079	1,703	1,490
Female	427	497	425	481	709	797
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)³
Less Than 100%	387	384	448	342	670	580
100-199%	272	333	300	332	497	543
200% or More	682	490	817	883	1,240	1,159
AGE GROUP
12-17	111	111	82	77	150	143
18 or Older	1,232	1,098	1,485	1,483	2,262	2,143

90408

Table 7.115B – Received Illicit Drug or Alcohol Treatment at a Specialty Facility in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Needed Treatment for the Respective Substance in the Past Year, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	SUBSTANCE FOR WHICH TREATMENT WAS RECEIVED AT A SPECIALTY FACILITY
	Illicit Drugs		Alcohol		Either Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents were classified as needing treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependent on illicit drugs or alcohol; (2) abuse of illicit drugs or alcohol; or (3) received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-18 and 26-21 (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Estimates include persons who received treatment specifically for illicit drugs or alcohol, as well as persons who received treatment but did not specify for what substance(s). ² These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ³ Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	17.8	16.0	8.1	8.2	10.4	9.9
RACE²
American Indian or Alaska Native	*	*	*	9.1	*	10.4
Asian or Pacific Islander	*	*	0.2	*	*	*
Asian Only	*	*	0.1	*	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	20.8	13.8	13.8	12.8	18.1	13.0
White	17.3	16.4	7.4	7.6	9.3	9.5
Two or More Races	*	*	*	8.1	*	12.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	9.6	12.0	5.3	3.6	6.0	5.4
Not Hispanic or Latino	19.0	16.6	8.5	9.1	11.0	10.7
Black or African American	20.9	14.1	13.7	12.9	18.2	13.2
White	18.7	17.2	7.9	8.5	9.9	10.3
GENDER
Male	18.4	16.2	8.7	8.9	10.9	10.3
Female	16.8	15.7	6.9	7.1	9.3	9.3
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)³
Less Than 100%	22.6	23.2	16.6	13.6	18.5	16.8
100-199%	17.9	19.1	8.9	10.0	11.9	12.6
200% or More	16.1	12.0	6.3	6.8	8.2	7.7
AGE GROUP
12-17	9.9	9.3	5.9	6.2	7.6	7.4
18 or Older	19.2	17.2	8.3	8.4	10.7	10.2

90414

Table 7.116A – Past Year Initiates of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 to 25 at Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12-17 (2007)	Aged 12-17 (2008)	Aged 18-25 (2007)	Aged 18-25 (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Past Year Initiates of Cigarette Use are defined as persons who used cigarettes for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview. At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use is defined as persons who did not use cigarettes in their lifetime or used cigarettes for the first time in the past year. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 27-3a and 27-3b (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	1,197	1,268	989	1,062
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	12	19	8	*
Asian or Pacific Islander	24	33	68	46
Asian Only	20	31	68	43
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	2	*	*
Black or African American	128	146	133	125
White	1,015	1,042	761	860
Two or More Races	18	27	18	14
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	213	243	173	217
Not Hispanic or Latino	984	1,025	816	845
Black or African American	121	138	127	122
White	819	819	601	657
GENDER
Male	592	592	497	584
Female	606	676	492	478
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	193	175	230	212
100-199%	233	261	180	218
200% or More	771	832	510	528

90414

Table 7.116B – Past Year Initiates of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 to 25 at Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12-17 (2007)	Aged 12-17 (2008)	Aged 18-25 (2007)	Aged 18-25 (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Past Year Initiates of Cigarette Use are defined as persons who used cigarettes for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview. At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use is defined as persons who did not use cigarettes in their lifetime or used cigarettes for the first time in the past year. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 27-3a and 27-3b (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	5.9	6.2	7.9	8.3
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.9	7.8	7.2	*
Asian or Pacific Islander	2.4	3.3	8.2	4.9
Asian Only	2.2	3.4	8.9	4.8
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	2.4	*	*
Black or African American	3.7	4.4	5.5	4.7
White	6.6	6.7	8.5	9.6
Two or More Races	4.6	6.1	9.9	8.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	5.4	6.2	6.9	9.1
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.9	6.2	8.1	8.1
Black or African American	3.7	4.3	5.5	4.7
White	6.9	6.9	9.0	9.7
GENDER
Male	5.7	5.7	8.7	9.7
Female	6.0	6.7	7.2	7.0
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	5.3	5.2	7.7	7.4
100-199%	5.6	6.0	6.8	7.5
200% or More	6.1	6.5	8.1	8.2

90408

Table 7.117B – Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 18, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	MEAN AGE
	Alcohol		Marijuana		Cigarettes
	2007	2008	2007	2008	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Numbers 26-9a, 26-9b, and 27-4a (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	14.9	14.9	15.3	15.2	15.0	15.1
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	14.8^a	14.1	14.8	14.7	14.4	14.4
Asian or Pacific Islander	14.8	15.3	15.3	16.0	15.7	15.6
Asian Only	14.9	15.4	15.4^a	16.3	15.7	15.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	14.4	14.2	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	15.0	14.9	15.2	15.0	15.0	15.1
White	14.9	14.9	15.3	15.2	15.0	15.1
Two or More Races	14.8	14.9	14.8	15.1	14.1	14.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	14.9	14.7	15.3	15.0	15.0	15.0
Not Hispanic or Latino	14.9	15.0	15.3	15.2	15.0	15.2
Black or African American	14.9	14.9	15.1	15.0	15.0	15.2
White	14.9	15.0	15.3	15.3	15.0	15.2
GENDER
Male	15.0	15.0	15.3	15.2	15.0^a	15.3
Female	14.9	14.8	15.3	15.1	15.0	15.0
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	14.9	14.8	14.9	14.8	14.8	14.9
100-199%	14.8	14.8	15.1^a	14.7	14.8	14.9
200% or More	14.9	15.0	15.4	15.4	15.1	15.2

90414

Table 7.118B – Mean Age at First Cigarette Use among Past Year Initiates of Cigarette Use Aged 18 to 25, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: 2007 and 2008
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Past Year Initiates of Cigarette Use are defined as persons who used cigarettes for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview. NOTE: Estimates shown on this table correspond to Healthy People 2010 Objective Number 27-4b (http://www.healthypeople.gov/). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ These racial categories do not distinguish among ethnic origin (i.e., Hispanic or Latino origin), so they include respondents who are either Hispanic or not Hispanic. ² Estimates are based on a definition of Poverty Level that incorporates information on family income, size, and composition and is calculated as a percentage of the U.S. Census Bureau's poverty thresholds. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	18.9	18.9
RACE¹
American Indian or Alaska Native	18.3	18.3
Asian or Pacific Islander	18.9	19.6
Asian Only	18.9	19.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Only	*	*
Black or African American	19.3	19.0
White	18.8	18.9
Two or More Races	18.6	19.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino	18.8	19.0
Not Hispanic or Latino	18.9	18.9
Black or African American	19.3	19.0
White	18.8	18.9
GENDER
Male	18.8	18.9
Female	19.0	19.0
POVERTY LEVEL (% of Census Bureau Poverty Threshold)²
Less Than 100%	18.9	19.1
100-199%	18.9	19.4
200% or More	18.9	18.8