PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE 1997 NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ON 97tab.htm

1997 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Preliminary Results

Table 1A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 1N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 2A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 2N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 3A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 3B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 4A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 4B.Percentages Reporting Past Year Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 5A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 5B.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 6.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1996 and 1997
Table 7.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17: 1996 and 1997
Table 8.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 18 to 25: 1996 and 1997
Table 9.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 26 to 34: 1996 and 1997
Table 10.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 35 and Older: 1996 and 1997
Table 11.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 12.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 13.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 14.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Alcohol, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 15.Percentages Reporting Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 16.Percentages Reporting Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 17.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 18A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol Users in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Past Year Frequency of Use: 1985-1997
Table 18B.Percentages Reporting Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol Use in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Past Year Frequency of Use: 1985-1997
Table 19.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 20.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 21.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 22.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Alcohol, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 23.Percentages Reporting Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 24.Percentages Reporting Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 25.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 26.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 27.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 28.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 29.Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 30.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 31A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Parental Status: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 31B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Parental Status: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 32.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 33.Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 34.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 35.Percentages of Past Month Users of Cigarettes or Alcohol in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco, by Levels of Past Month Cigarette and Alcohol Use: 1996 and 1997
Table 36.Percentages of Past Month Users of Cigarettes or Alcohol in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17 Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco, by Levels of Past Month Cigarette and Alcohol Use: 1996 and 1997
Table 37A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Specific Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Methamphetamine, Needles, and Heroin by Smoking or Sniffing/Snorting in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, By Age Group: 1996 and 1997
Table 37B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Specific Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Methamphetamine, Needles, and Heroin by Smoking or Sniffing/Snorting in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group: 1996 and 1997
Table 38.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Marijuana During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 39.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Cocaine During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 40.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Any Inhalant During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 41.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Any Hallucinogen During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 42.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Heroin During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 43.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Alcohol During Each Year 1965-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 44.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used A Cigarette During Each Year 1965-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 45.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who Began Daily Cigarette Use During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Daily Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Daily Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 46.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1985-1997
Table 47.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17: 1985-1997
Table 48.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 49.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 50.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 51.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Using Cocaine Once a Month, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 52.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Using Cocaine Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 53.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Four or Five Drinks Nearly Every Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 54.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Five or More Drinks Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 55.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 56.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 57.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 18 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 58.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 59.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 60.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California: 1994-1997
Table 61.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California: 1994-1997
Table 62.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 18 and Older for California: 1994-1997
Table 63.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California: 1994-1997
Table 64.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California: 1994-1997

80529 (101A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 1A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	180,343	186,440	192,605	198,347	202,859	205,713	207,199	209,411	211,532	214,047	216,206

AGE GROUP
12-17	23,758	22,295	21,558	20,250	20,145	20,684	21,224	21,773	22,208	22,512	22,547
18-25	32,604	33,236	31,601	29,688	28,496	27,964	28,327	28,027	27,820	27,796	27,691
26-34	31,339	34,241	36,477	38,570	38,737	38,215	37,194	36,588	35,975	35,474	35,246
>35	92,641	96,669	102,969	109,839	115,481	118,850	120,453	123,023	125,529	128,265	130,722

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	147,202	150,087	154,224	156,742	157,363	158,398	157,693	159,029	159,722	160,358	161,169
Black	19,271	20,134	21,332	22,271	23,030	23,649	23,002	23,365	23,686	24,053	24,406
Hispanic	10,586	11,834	13,256	14,925	16,178	16,849	18,501	19,112	19,736	20,813	21,578
Other	3,283	4,385	3,793	4,408	6,288	6,816	8,002	7,905	8,388	8,823	9,054

SEX
Male	85,887	88,840	91,828	94,878	97,242	98,778	99,322	100,365	101,449	102,928	104,017
Female	94,456	97,600	100,776	103,468	105,617	106,935	107,877	109,046	110,083	111,120	112,189

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The population distributions for the 1993 through 1997 NHSDAs are post-stratified to population projections of totals based on the 1990 decennial census. The 1979 NHSDA used population projections based on the 1970 census; NHSDAs from 1982 through 1992 used projections based on the 1980 census. The change from one census base to another has little effect on estimated percentages reporting drug use, but may have a significant effect on estimates of number of drug users in some subpopulation groups.

NOTE:Estimates for 1979 through 1993 may differ from estimates for these survey years that were published in other NHSDA reports. The estimates shown here for 1979 through 1993 have been adjusted to improve their comparability with estimates based on the new version of the NHSDA instrument that was fielded in 1994 and subsequent NHSDAs. For 1979 and 1982, estimates are not shown (as indicated by --) where (a) the relevant data were not collected, or (b) the data for those drugs were based on measures that differed appreciably from those used in the other survey years. Consequently, adjustments to the 1979 and 1982 data were made only for those drugs whose measures were comparable to those in the other survey years.

Because of the methodology used to adjust the 1979 through 1993 estimates, some logical inconsistency may exist between estimates for a given drug within the same survey year. For example, some adjusted estimates of past year use may appear to be greater then adjusted lifetime estimates. These inconsistencies tend to be small, rare and not statistically significant.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (101N)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 1N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	7,224	5,624	8,021	8,814	32,594	28,832	26,489	17,809	17,747	18,269	24,505

AGE GROUP
12-17	2,165	1,581	2,230	3,095	8,005	7,254	6,978	4,698	4,595	4,538	7,844
18-25	2,044	1,283	1,812	1,505	7,937	7,721	5,531	3,706	3,963	4,366	6,239
26-34	1,064	1,571	2,166	1,987	8,126	7,516	8,342	5,223	5,213	5,262	4,387
>35	1,951	1,189	1,813	2,227	8,526	6,341	5,638	4,182	3,976	4,103	6,035

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	5,862	4,532	3,960	4,551	15,648	14,080	12,478	8,663	8,459	8,481	12,443
Black	798	673	1,950	1,888	8,050	6,511	6,183	4,010	4,208	4,372	4,639
Hispanic	354	299	2,003	2,193	7,916	7,148	6,894	4,706	4,599	4,841	6,259
Other	210	120	108	182	980	1,093	934	430	481	575	1,164

SEX
Male	3,357	2,637	3,516	3,938	14,422	12,988	12,059	7,950	7,652	7,774	10,836
Female	3,867	2,987	4,505	4,876	18,172	15,844	14,430	9,859	10,095	10,495	13,669

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

80529 (1A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 2A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	22,512	22,547	27,796	27,691	35,474	35,246	128,265	130,722	214,047	216,206

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	15,243	15,166	18,764	18,661	24,948	24,449	101,403	102,893	160,358	161,169
Black	3,288	3,227	3,778	3,874	4,282	4,392	12,706	12,912	24,053	24,406
Hispanic	2,909	3,007	3,882	3,807	4,504	4,643	9,518	10,120	20,813	21,578
Other	1,072	1,147	1,373	1,350	1,740	1,761	4,638	4,797	8,823	9,054

SEX
Male	11,538	11,501	13,871	13,981	17,352	17,490	60,167	61,045	102,928	104,017
Female	10,974	11,047	13,925	13,710	18,122	17,755	68,098	69,677	111,120	112,189

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	9,103	9,196	12,158	11,261	16,815	16,793	54,972	53,345	93,048	90,595
Small Metro	8,084	8,059	9,605	10,116	11,550	11,776	43,824	46,497	73,064	76,447
Nonmetro	5,324	5,292	6,033	6,314	7,109	6,677	29,470	30,881	47,936	49,164

REGION
Northeast	3,738	3,825	4,661	4,408	6,866	6,244	26,969	25,864	42,234	40,342
North Central	5,863	5,154	6,740	6,309	8,327	8,593	30,825	28,299	51,755	48,356
South	7,946	8,492	9,546	11,147	12,133	12,655	44,923	48,938	74,549	81,231
West	4,964	5,076	6,849	5,826	8,149	7,754	25,548	27,621	45,510	46,278

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	5,873	5,809	5,447	4,988	26,040	25,785	37,360	36,581
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	9,708	9,974	11,328	11,429	44,620	43,760	65,656	65,162
Some College	N/A	N/A	8,434	8,969	8,438	9,266	26,531	27,585	43,402	45,820
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	3,781	2,939	10,261	9,563	31,075	33,592	45,118	46,095

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	13,179	13,285	24,308	24,448	61,596	65,260	99,083	102,993
Part-time	N/A	N/A	6,417	6,293	3,705	3,546	11,953	11,328	22,075	21,167
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	2,227	2,316	1,863	1,911	4,179	4,327	8,269	8,554
Other³	N/A	N/A	5,973	5,797	5,598	5,341	50,538	49,808	62,109	60,945

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged >18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (1N)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 2N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	4,538	7,844	4,366	6,239	5,262	4,387	4,103	6,035	18,269	24,505

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	2,092	3,970	1,858	2,966	2,614	1,939	1,917	3,568	8,481	12,443
Black	1,073	1,346	1,134	1,062	1,134	1,184	1,031	1,047	4,372	4,639
Hispanic	1,225	2,086	1,213	1,863	1,334	1,134	1,069	1,176	4,841	6,259
Other	148	442	161	348	180	130	86	244	575	1,164

SEX
Male	2,252	3,871	1,765	2,756	2,151	1,766	1,606	2,443	7,774	10,836
Female	2,286	3,973	2,601	3,483	3,111	2,621	2,497	3,592	10,495	13,669

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	2,098	4,072	2,098	3,408	2,775	2,301	2,072	3,183	9,043	12,964
Small Metro	1,544	2,289	1,426	1,813	1,582	1,308	1,285	1,727	5,837	7,137
Nonmetro	896	1,483	842	1,018	905	778	746	1,125	3,389	4,404

REGION
Northeast	719	843	697	618	954	684	778	760	3,148	2,905
North Central	916	992	838	731	1,036	762	735	770	3,525	3,255
South	1,810	2,226	1,751	1,733	1,986	1,765	1,655	1,830	7,202	7,554
West	1,093	3,783	1,080	3,157	1,286	1,176	935	2,675	4,394	10,791

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	1,184	1,580	1,085	918	1,135	1,474	3,404	3,972
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	1,567	2,254	1,730	1,510	1,317	1,821	4,614	5,585
Some College	N/A	N/A	1,163	1,842	1,221	1,093	846	1,344	3,230	4,279
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	452	563	1,226	866	805	1,396	2,483	2,825

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	1,889	2,922	3,400	2,856	2,245	3,061	7,534	8,839
Part-time	N/A	N/A	927	1,257	558	450	395	553	1,880	2,260
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	432	602	322	291	205	248	959	1,141
Other³	N/A	N/A	1,118	1,458	982	790	1,258	2,173	3,358	4,421

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged >18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (103A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 3A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	56,414^b	--	66,172^b	67,457^b	69,256^a	68,528^a	70,776	71,935^a	72,426^a	74,390	76,960

Marijuana and Hashish	50,322^b	53,312^b	56,547^b	60,755^b	61,900^b	62,075^b	64,149^a	65,229^b	65,545^b	68,571	71,112
Cocaine	15,541^b	21,756	21,495	21,058	23,271	22,482	23,369	21,821	21,700	22,130	22,597
Crack	--	--	--	2,672^b	4,194	3,010^a	4,034	4,042	3,895	4,628	4,208
Inhalants	--	--	15,167	12,646	12,300	10,988	12,240	12,178	12,016	11,909	12,335
Hallucinogens	16,016^b	16,989	13,221^b	15,165^b	17,007^a	17,065^a	18,743	18,217^a	20,129	20,699	20,656
PCP	--	--	3,811^b	4,143^b	4,936^a	5,550	5,683	5,911	6,718	6,755	6,480
LSD	--	--	8,889^b	11,874^b	13,045^b	13,681^a	14,471	14,711^a	15,852	16,400	16,760
Heroin	2,324	1,771	1,826	1,749	2,433	1,687	2,102	2,083	2,451	2,444	2,019
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	29,386^b	22,258	24,053^a	22,552	21,793	20,926	21,446	20,409	19,671
Stimulants	--	--	14,139^b	11,241	11,385	10,284	10,007	9,671	10,360	10,075	9,781
Sedatives	--	--	9,260^b	5,206	6,482^b	5,309	5,320	5,460^a	5,760^b	4,866	4,080
Tranquilizers	--	--	14,692^b	8,774	10,445^b	9,766^a	8,751	8,390^a	8,251	7,774	6,931
Analgesics	--	--	14,693^a	11,465	13,782^a	12,634	13,324	12,552	12,806^a	11,799	10,677

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	43,130	38,301	40,228	38,923	40,803	39,383	40,426	40,375	40,948

Alcohol	159,525^b	159,415^b	163,608^a	166,571	169,640	168,572	171,167	176,290	174,182	176,707	177,112
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	150,233	153,466	151,922	150,283	151,936	153,509	151,917	153,252	152,476

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	36,551	35,420	37,538	32,862	36,042	35,899	36,369	37,445

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

¹Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (103B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 3B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	31.3^b	--	34.4	34.0	34.1	33.3	34.2	34.4	34.2	34.8	35.6

Marijuana and Hashish	27.9^b	28.6^a	29.4^a	30.6	30.5	30.2	31.0	31.1	31.0^a	32.0	32.9
Cocaine	8.6^a	11.7	11.2	10.6	11.5	10.9	11.3	10.4	10.3	10.3	10.5
Crack	--	--	--	1.3^a	2.1	1.5^a	1.9	1.9	1.8	2.2	1.9
Inhalants	--	--	7.9^b	6.4	6.1	5.3	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.7
Hallucinogens	8.9	9.1	6.9^b	7.6^a	8.4	8.3	9.0	8.7	9.5	9.7	9.6
PCP	--	--	2.0^b	2.1^b	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.2	3.2	3.0
LSD	--	--	4.6^b	6.0^b	6.4^a	6.7	7.0	7.0	7.5	7.7	7.8
Heroin	1.3	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.9
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	15.3^b	11.2^a	11.9^b	11.0^a	10.5	10.0	10.1	9.5	9.1
Stimulants	--	--	7.3^b	5.7	5.6	5.0	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.7	4.5
Sedatives	--	--	4.8^b	2.6	3.2^b	2.6	2.6	2.6^b	2.7^b	2.3	1.9
Tranquilizers	--	--	7.6^b	4.4^a	5.1^b	4.7^b	4.2^a	4.0^a	3.9^a	3.6	3.2
Analgesics	--	--	7.6^b	5.8	6.8^b	6.1	6.4^a	6.0^a	6.1^a	5.5	4.9

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	22.4^b	19.3	19.8	18.9	19.7	18.8	19.1	18.9	18.9

Alcohol	88.5^a	85.5	84.9	84.0	83.6	81.9	82.6	84.2^a	82.3	82.6	81.9
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	78.0^a	77.4^a	74.9	73.1	73.3	73.3^b	71.8	71.6	70.5

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	18.4	17.5	18.2	15.9	17.2	17.0	17.0	17.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (104A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 4A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	31,485^b	--	31,488^b	24,577	22,612	20,046^a	21,402	22,663	22,662	23,182	24,189

Marijuana and Hashish	29,869^b	29,685^b	26,145^b	19,492	18,067	16,322	17,510	17,813	17,755	18,398	19,446
Cocaine	8,608^b	10,458^b	9,839^b	7,151^b	5,284	4,332	3,947	3,664	3,664	4,033	4,169
Crack	--	--	--	1,459	1,451	1,144	1,416	1,258	1,018	1,375	1,375
Inhalants	--	--	2,657	2,441	2,379	1,889	1,940	2,213	2,308	2,427	2,329
Hallucinogens	5,260	4,149	3,198	3,200	2,562^b	2,530^b	2,479^b	2,725^b	3,416	3,602	4,063
PCP	--	--	455	167	172	207	199	206	322	382	369
LSD	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	1,651	2,108	2,104	1,956
Heroin	427	323	347	508	359	304	230^a	281^a	428	455	597
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	11,988^b	9,151^a	7,314	6,260	6,336	6,056	6,166	6,652	6,112
Stimulants	--	--	5,637^b	3,698^b	2,010	1,478	1,774	1,419	1,656	1,896	1,687
Sedatives	--	--	2,209^b	1,376	946	802	702	736	666	678	638
Tranquilizers	--	--	6,181^b	4,124^a	3,143	2,851	2,380	2,405	2,210	2,430	2,122
Analgesics	--	--	6,921^a	5,328	5,063	4,871	4,560	4,247	4,102	4,510	4,210

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	18,725^b	14,884^a	12,624	10,815	10,968	11,127	11,393	11,644	11,896

Alcohol	131,443	126,534^a	140,394	135,044	138,113	133,090	137,771	140,121	138,314	138,912	138,500
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	78,026	76,446	73,419	72,409	68,831	66,475^a	67,639^a	69,098	70,709

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	11,140	10,704	11,416	9,168	10,017	9,667	10,030	10,065

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (104B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 4B.Percentages Reporting Past Year Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	17.5^b	--	16.3^b	12.4	11.1	9.7	10.3	10.8	10.7	10.8	11.2

Marijuana and Hashish	16.6^b	15.9^b	13.6^b	9.8	8.9	7.9	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.6	9.0
Cocaine	4.8^b	5.6^b	5.1^b	3.6^b	2.6	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.9
Crack	--	--	--	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
Inhalants	--	--	1.4	1.2	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hallucinogens	2.9^a	2.2	1.7	1.6	1.3^a	1.2^b	1.2^b	1.3^b	1.6	1.7	1.9
PCP	--	--	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
LSD	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.9
Heroin	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1^a	0.1^a	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	6.2^b	4.6^b	3.6	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.8
Stimulants	--	--	2.9^b	1.9^b	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8
Sedatives	--	--	1.1^b	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tranquilizers	--	--	3.2^b	2.1^a	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0
Analgesics	--	--	3.6^b	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.1	1.9

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	9.7^b	7.5^b	6.2	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.5

Alcohol	72.9^b	67.9	72.9^b	68.1	68.1	64.7	66.5	66.9^a	65.4	64.9	64.1
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	40.5^b	38.5^b	36.2	35.2	33.2	31.7	32.0	32.3	32.7

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	5.6	5.3	5.5	4.4	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.7

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (105A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 5A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	25,399^b	--	23,272^b	15,192	13,368	12,033	12,256	12,553	12,823	13,035	13,904

Marijuana and Hashish	23,790^b	21,507^b	18,641^b	12,353	10,366	9,676	9,610	10,112	9,842	10,095	11,109
Cocaine	4,743^b	4,491^b	5,686^b	3,140^b	2,032	1,402	1,404	1,382	1,453	1,749	1,505
Crack	--	--	--	673	666	436	579	520	420	668	604
Inhalants	--	--	1,156	810	806	586	589	799	896	961	883
Hallucinogens	3,382^a	1,608	2,257	1,245	1,115	842^b	826^b	960^b	1,469	1,316	1,632
PCP	--	--	*	*	*	16	29	34	40	120	190
LSD	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	436	548	482	474
Heroin	128	162	137	79^a	71^a	92^a	68^a	117^a	196	216	325
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	7,319^b	4,076	3,934	3,124	3,189	2,566	2,601	3,082	2,665
Stimulants	--	--	3,407^b	2,383^b	906	688	976	678	798	763	612
Sedatives	--	--	964	468	468	430	315	222	421^a	232	187
Tranquilizers	--	--	4,282^b	2,512^a	2,232^a	1,646	1,223	967	809	952	845
Analgesics	--	--	2,657	1,361	1,723	1,828	1,675	1,542	1,264	1,884	1,591

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	11,832^b	6,768	6,187	4,909	4,873	4,907	5,574	5,805	5,525

Alcohol	114,065	105,613	115,984	108,882	105,938	100,789^a	105,351	112,804	110,501	109,149	111,071
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	38,545^a	29,599	31,119	29,493	29,984	33,409	32,415	31,878	31,886
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	15,757^a	11,468	13,540	12,689	13,681	12,650	11,319	11,215	11,249

Cigarettes	--	--	74,545^a	69,931	67,030	65,695	61,386	59,955^a	60,902^a	61,759	64,056

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	7,769	7,562	8,283	6,694	6,838	6,907	6,813	6,947

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (105B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 5B.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	14.1^b	--	12.1^b	7.7	6.6	5.8	5.9	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.4

Marijuana and Hashish	13.2^b	11.5^b	9.7^b	6.2	5.1	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.7	5.1
Cocaine	2.6^b	2.4^b	3.0^b	1.6^b	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
Crack	--	--	--	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	--	--	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hallucinogens	1.9^a	0.9	1.2	0.6	0.5	0.4^a	0.4^b	0.5^b	0.7	0.6	0.8
PCP	--	--	*	*	*	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
LSD	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0^a	0.0^a	0.0^a	0.0^a	0.1^a	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	3.8^b	2.1	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.2
Stimulants	--	--	1.8^b	1.2^b	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sedatives	--	--	0.5^a	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	--	--	2.2^b	1.3^a	1.1^a	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
Analgesics	--	--	1.4	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.7

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	6.1^b	3.4	3.0	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.6

Alcohol	63.2^b	56.6	60.2^b	54.9	52.2	49.0	50.8	53.9	52.2	51.0	51.4
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	20.2^b	15.0	15.5	14.5	14.6	16.5	15.8	15.5	15.3
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	8.3^b	5.8	6.8	6.2	6.7	6.2	5.5	5.4	5.4

Cigarettes	--	--	38.7^b	35.3^b	33.0	31.9	29.6	28.6	28.8	28.9	29.6

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	3.9	3.7	4.0	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (5B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 6.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	34.8	35.6	10.8	11.2	6.1	6.4

Marijuana and Hashish	32.0	32.9	8.6	9.0	4.7	5.1
Cocaine	10.3	10.5	1.9	1.9	0.8	0.7
Crack	2.2	1.9	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	5.6	5.7	1.1	1.1	0.4	0.4
Hallucinogens	9.7	9.6	1.7	1.9	0.6	0.8
PCP	3.2	3.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
LSD	7.7	7.8	1.0	0.9	0.2	0.2
Heroin	1.1	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	9.5	9.1	3.1	2.8	1.4	1.2
Stimulants	4.7	4.5	0.9	0.8	0.4	0.3
Sedatives	2.3	1.9	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	3.6	3.2	1.1	1.0	0.4	0.4
Analgesics	5.5	4.9	2.1	1.9	0.9	0.7

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	18.9	18.9	5.4	5.5	2.7	2.6

Alcohol	82.6	81.9	64.9	64.1	51.0	51.4
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	15.5	15.3
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	5.4	5.4

Cigarettes	71.6	70.5	32.3	32.7	28.9	29.6

Smokeless Tobacco	17.0	17.3	4.7	4.7	3.2	3.2

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

¹Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (6B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 7.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	22.1	23.7	16.7	18.8	9.0^b	11.4

Marijuana and Hashish	16.8	18.9	13.0^b	15.8	7.1^b	9.4
Cocaine	1.9^b	3.0	1.4^a	2.2	0.6	1.0
Crack	0.7^a	1.3	0.4^a	0.8	0.2	0.4
Inhalants	5.9	7.2	4.0	4.4	1.7	2.0
Hallucinogens	5.6	6.5	4.3	4.7	2.0	1.9
PCP	1.2	1.4	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.1
LSD	4.3	5.2	2.8	2.9	0.8	0.7
Heroin	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	6.8	7.0	4.7	5.0	1.9	2.1
Stimulants	2.2	2.3	1.5	1.7	0.5	0.6
Sedatives	1.1	0.8	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers	1.7	2.1	1.0	1.3	0.2^a	0.5
Analgesics	5.5	5.2	3.7	3.6	1.5	1.3

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	13.0	14.2	9.3	10.0	4.6	5.2

Alcohol	38.8	39.7	32.7	34.0	18.8	20.5
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	7.2	8.3
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	2.9	3.1

Cigarettes	36.3	38.7	24.2	26.4	18.3	19.9

Smokeless Tobacco	10.0	9.6	4.6	4.6	1.9	2.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (7B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 8.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 18 to 25: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	48.0	45.4	26.8	25.3	15.6	14.7

Marijuana and Hashish	44.0	41.5	23.8	22.3	13.2	12.8
Cocaine	10.2	8.9	4.7	3.9	2.0^a	1.2
Crack	3.0	2.9	1.3	1.0	0.6	0.4
Inhalants	10.8	10.1	3.0	3.2	1.0	1.0
Hallucinogens	16.3	15.0	6.9	6.6	2.3	2.5
PCP	2.3	2.4	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.1
LSD	13.9	13.2	4.6	3.7	0.9	1.0
Heroin	1.3	1.0	0.9	0.5	0.4^a	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	12.7	11.5	6.7	5.8	2.9	2.4
Stimulants	4.3	3.8	2.0	1.5	0.6	0.7
Sedatives	1.3	1.5	0.7	0.6	0.3	0.2
Tranquilizers	5.0	4.9	2.6	2.5	0.9	1.0
Analgesics	8.9	7.5	4.9	3.8	2.0^a	1.3

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	26.6	24.6	12.7	12.1	6.3	5.4

Alcohol	83.8	83.5	75.3	75.1	60.0	58.4
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	32.0^b	28.0
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	12.9	11.1

Cigarettes	68.5	67.7	44.7	45.9	38.3	40.6

Smokeless Tobacco	23.4	23.8	9.7	8.3	6.1^a	4.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (8B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 9.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 26 to 34: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	53.1	50.8	14.6	14.3	8.4	7.4

Marijuana and Hashish	50.5	47.9	11.3	11.2	6.3	6.0
Cocaine	20.9^a	18.4	3.5	3.1	1.5^a	0.9
Crack	4.4	3.6	1.1	0.9	0.5	0.3
Inhalants	8.3	8.3	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.4
Hallucinogens	15.4	15.1	1.1	1.6	0.2	0.5
PCP	4.2	3.2	0.0	0.0	*	*
LSD	11.7	11.8	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.1
Heroin	1.3	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	13.4	11.7	4.2	3.7	1.9	1.4
Stimulants	6.5^a	5.2	1.3^a	0.7	0.4	0.2
Sedatives	2.9^a	2.0	0.5^a	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers	5.8	4.7	1.6	1.5	0.5	0.7
Analgesics	7.5	6.8	2.5	2.3	1.1	0.6

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	30.2	28.4	7.2	6.8	3.6	2.8

Alcohol	90.3	88.9	77.2	74.6	61.6	60.2
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	22.8	23.1
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	7.1	7.5

Cigarettes	73.8	72.8	39.2	37.7	35.0	33.7

Smokeless Tobacco	24.4	23.9	7.2	6.1	4.9	4.2

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (9B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 10.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 35 and Older: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	29.0	31.5	5.3	6.1	2.9	3.6

Marijuana and Hashish	27.0	29.4	3.8	4.4	2.0	2.6
Cocaine	8.9	9.9	0.9	1.1	0.4	0.5
Crack	1.6	1.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	3.6	3.8	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hallucinogens	7.3	7.4	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.3
PCP	3.4	3.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
LSD	5.8	5.9	*	0.1	*	*
Heroin	1.2	1.0	0.0^a	0.2	0.0	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	8.3	8.3	1.8	1.6	0.9	0.8
Stimulants	4.7	4.9	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.2
Sedatives	2.5	2.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Tranquilizers	3.1	2.6	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2
Analgesics	4.2	3.9	1.1	1.2	0.5	0.5

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	15.1	16.0	2.7	3.0	1.4	1.4

Alcohol	87.8	87.0	64.9	64.1	51.7	52.8
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	11.3	11.7
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	3.8	4.0

Cigarettes	77.8	76.0	29.1	29.7	27.0	27.9

Smokeless Tobacco	14.8	15.5	2.9	3.5	2.3	2.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (108B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 11.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	14.1^b	--	12.1^b	7.7	6.6	5.8	5.9	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.4

AGE GROUP
12-17	16.3	--	13.2	8.1^a	5.8^b	5.3^b	5.7^b	8.2^b	10.9	9.0^b	11.4
18-25	38.0^b	--	25.3^b	17.9	15.4	13.1	13.6	13.3	14.2	15.6	14.7
26-34	20.8^b	--	23.1^b	14.7^b	10.0	11.4^a	9.5	8.5	8.3	8.4	7.4
>35	2.8	--	3.9	2.3	3.4	2.5	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.9	3.6

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	14.2^b	--	12.3^b	7.7	6.5	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.4
Black	13.3^a	--	12.7^b	6.6	8.1	5.6	5.8	7.3	7.9	7.5	7.5
Hispanic	12.9^a	--	8.9^a	6.9	5.3	4.4	5.2	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.9
Other	15.1^b	--	10.7	*	6.0	3.9	4.3	3.1	4.0	4.8	5.4

SEX
Male	19.2^b	--	14.9^b	9.4	7.9	7.6	7.7	7.9	7.8	8.1	8.5
Female	9.4^b	--	9.5^b	6.0	5.4	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (114B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 12.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	13.2^b	11.5^b	9.7^b	6.2	5.1	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.7	5.1

AGE GROUP
12-17	14.2	9.9	10.2	5.4^b	3.6^b	3.4^b	4.0^b	6.0^b	8.2	7.1^b	9.4
18-25	35.6^b	27.2^b	21.7^b	15.3	12.9	10.9	11.1	12.1	12.0	13.2	12.8
26-34	19.7^b	19.0^b	19.0^b	12.3^b	7.7	9.3^a	7.5	6.9	6.7	6.3	6.0
>35	2.9	3.9	2.6	1.8	2.6	2.0	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.0	2.6

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	13.6^b	11.9^b	10.0^b	6.3	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.6	5.2
Black	11.0^a	11.5^a	9.9^a	4.7	5.5	3.9^b	4.2^a	5.9	5.9	6.6	6.1
Hispanic	11.4^a	8.6	6.4	4.9	3.6	3.0	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.7	4.0
Other	12.2^a	*	7.6	*	4.2	2.6	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.7	4.6

SEX
Male	18.1^b	16.4^b	12.6^b	8.4	6.8	6.4	6.4	6.7	6.2	6.5	7.0
Female	8.7^b	7.1^b	7.1^b	4.2	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (117B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 13.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	2.6^b	2.4^b	3.0^b	1.6^b	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7

AGE GROUP
12-17	1.5	1.9	1.5	1.2	0.4^a	0.3^b	0.4^a	0.3^b	0.8	0.6	1.0
18-25	9.9^b	7.0^b	8.1^b	4.8^b	2.2^a	2.0	1.6	1.2	1.3	2.0^a	1.2
26-34	3.0^a	3.5^b	6.3^b	2.8^b	1.9^b	1.5	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.5^a	0.9
>35	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.2^a	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	2.4^b	2.5^b	3.0^b	1.4^b	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.6
Black	2.8	2.4	3.4^b	2.2	1.9	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.4
Hispanic	4.8^a	1.5	2.5^b	2.8^a	1.7^a	1.3	1.2	1.1	0.7	1.1	0.8
Other	3.5	*	*	1.7	2.1	0.1	*	*	0.3	0.5	0.5

SEX
Male	3.5^b	3.4^b	3.9^b	2.2^b	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
Female	1.8^b	1.5^a	2.1^b	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (120B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 14.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Alcohol, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	63.2^b	56.6	60.2^b	54.9	52.2	49.0	50.8	53.9	52.2	51.0	51.4

AGE GROUP
12-17	49.6^b	34.9^b	41.2^b	33.4^b	27.0^b	20.9	23.9	21.6	21.1	18.8	20.5
18-25	75.1^b	66.6	70.1^a	64.7	63.1	58.6	58.7	63.1^a	61.3^a	60.0	58.4
26-34	71.6^b	71.5^b	70.6^a	65.3	62.7	62.3	63.8	65.3^b	63.0	61.6	60.2
>35	59.7	53.0	57.5	52.6	50.4	47.4	49.8	54.1	52.6	51.7	52.8

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	64.4^b	58.4	62.8^a	56.7	54.0	50.9	54.0	56.7	55.6	54.2	55.1
Black	58.8^b	49.4^a	50.6^b	47.8^a	47.2^a	42.8	40.5	43.8	40.8	41.9	40.4
Hispanic	58.6^b	53.1^a	49.3^a	48.1	46.3	43.7	44.3	47.7^b	45.2	43.1	42.4
Other	50.9^a	*	*	*	42.4	39.2	33.0	42.0	36.9	35.6	37.0

SEX
Male	72.4^b	66.8^a	69.2^b	62.3	59.6	57.2	58.7	60.3	60.1	58.9	58.2
Female	54.9^b	47.4	52.0^a	48.1	45.4	41.4	43.6	47.9	45.0	43.6	45.1

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (121B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 15.Percentages Reporting Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	--	--	20.2^b	15.0	15.5	14.5	14.6	16.5	15.8	15.5	15.3

AGE GROUP
12-17	--	--	21.9^b	15.1^a	13.2	10.0	11.0	8.3	7.9	7.2	8.3
18-25	--	--	34.4	28.2	31.2	29.9	29.1	33.6^b	29.9	32.0^b	28.0
26-34	--	--	27.5	19.7	21.5	22.8	21.9	24.0	24.0	22.8	23.1
>35	--	--	12.9	9.7	10.1	9.0	9.6	11.8	11.8	11.3	11.7

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	--	--	21.6^b	15.8	16.2	15.3	15.6	17.1	16.6	16.1	16.3
Black	--	--	12.1	8.9	11.0	10.3	9.0	11.5	11.2	13.1^a	10.3
Hispanic	--	--	19.1	15.7	18.4	16.3	17.2	18.3	17.2	16.7	16.2
Other	--	--	11.1	13.7	9.6	7.6	6.5	13.0	9.7	7.5	8.5

SEX
Male	--	--	31.6^b	23.2	23.5	21.9	22.7	24.7	23.8	22.8	23.0
Female	--	--	9.8	7.5	8.3	7.7	7.3	8.9	8.5	8.7	8.1

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (122B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 16.Percentages Reporting Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	--	--	8.3^b	5.8	6.8	6.2	6.7	6.2	5.5	5.4	5.4

AGE GROUP
12-17	--	--	9.5	4.0	6.0	3.4	3.4	2.5	2.8	2.9	3.1
18-25	--	--	13.8	12.0	15.2	15.1	14.0	13.2	12.0	12.9	11.1
26-34	--	--	11.5	7.1	7.9	8.5	8.5	8.0	7.9	7.1	7.5
>35	--	--	5.2	4.0	4.4	3.9	5.0	4.8	3.9	3.8	4.0

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	--	--	9.1^a	6.3	7.2	6.8	7.5	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.7
Black	--	--	3.5	2.8	4.3	3.5	3.3	4.8	4.6	5.3^a	3.8
Hispanic	--	--	7.1	5.3	6.8	6.3	6.0	7.3	6.3	6.2	6.3
Other	--	--	*	3.9	3.3	2.2	1.9	4.7	2.4	2.1	2.3

SEX
Male	--	--	13.8^b	10.2	10.8	10.1	11.9	10.3	9.4	9.3	8.9
Female	--	--	3.2	1.8	3.1^a	2.7	1.9	2.5	2.0	1.9	2.1

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (125B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 17.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	--	--	38.7^b	35.3^b	33.0	31.9	29.6	28.6	28.8	28.9	29.6

AGE GROUP
12-17	--	--	29.4^a	22.7	20.9	18.4	18.5	18.9	20.2	18.3	19.9
18-25	--	--	47.4	45.6	41.7	41.5	37.9	34.6^b	35.3^b	38.3	40.6
26-34	--	--	45.7^b	42.1^b	37.3	38.2	34.2	32.4	34.7	35.0	33.7
>35	--	--	35.5^a	32.4	31.6	30.0	28.2	27.9	27.2	27.0	27.9

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	--	--	38.9^b	35.2	33.5	32.8	30.3	29.4	29.7	29.8	30.5
Black	--	--	38.0^a	34.2	31.2	29.8	26.2	28.4	28.1	30.4	29.8
Hispanic	--	--	40.0^b	35.6^b	33.6^a	29.2	29.0	25.8	24.7^a	24.7	27.4
Other	--	--	*	*	28.0^a	25.4	27.6	20.5	23.5	17.2	18.8

SEX
Male	--	--	43.4^b	39.5^b	35.2	34.1	32.2	31.5	31.0	31.1	31.2
Female	--	--	34.5^b	31.4	31.1	30.0	27.3	26.0	26.8	26.7	28.2

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (126A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 18A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol Users in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Past Year Frequency of Use: 1985-1997

Drug/Frequency of Use in Past Year	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

MARIJUANA

Fewer than 12 days¹	--	--	12,824^b	9,429	9,564	8,216	9,001	9,272	8,584	8,607	9,287
12 or more days^1,2	--	--	14,153^b	10,480	8,575	8,198^a	8,517	8,541^a	9,171	9,791	10,159
51 or more days¹	--	--	8,423	6,298	4,880^a	4,914^a	4,816^a	5,139^a	5,316^a	6,069	6,412

COCAINE

Fewer than 12 days¹	--	--	7,141^b	5,121^b	3,837	3,042	2,688	2,408	2,486	2,614	2,626
12 or more days^1,2	--	--	2,722^a	2,045	1,460	1,297	1,262	1,255	1,178	1,418	1,543
51 or more days¹	--	--	781	1,112	806	829	615	734	582	608	682

ALCOHOL

Fewer than 12 days¹	--	--	47,957^a	47,056^a	54,239	55,779	55,057	55,126	53,967	54,866	53,819
12 or more days^1,2	--	--	93,190	88,724	84,455	77,825	83,354	84,995	84,346	84,046	84,680
51 or more days¹	--	--	53,364	47,126	42,787	41,497^a	44,359	45,662	48,639	46,563	48,505

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

Because of the methodology used to adjust the 1979 through 1993 estimates, some logical inconsistency may exist between estimates for a given drug within the same survey year. For example, the number of past year users of a drug shown here from the frequency of use in the past year question may differ from the estimated number of past year users based on the recency of use question. These inconsistencies tend to be small, rare and not statistically significant.

¹For 1993 and earlier, "occasional" use is equivalent to use in the past year but on "fewer than 12 days" in this table. Also for 1993 and earlier, "monthly" use is equivalent to use on "12 or more days" in the past year in this table and "weekly" use is equivalent to use on "51 or more days" in the past year in this table.

²The category "12 or more days" includes "51 or more days"; the sum of "fewer than 12 days" and "12 or more days" is equivalent to all past year users.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office Of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (126B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 18B.Percentages Reporting Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol Use in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Past Year Frequency of Use: 1985-1997

Drug/Frequency of Use in Past Year	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

MARIJUANA

Fewer than 12 days¹	--	--	6.7^b	4.8	4.7	4.0	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.0	4.3
12 or more days^1,2	--	--	7.3^b	5.3	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.7
51 or more days¹	--	--	4.4^b	3.2	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5^a	2.5	2.8	3.0

COCAINE

Fewer than 12 days¹	--	--	3.7^b	2.6^b	1.9^a	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
12 or more days^1,2	--	--	1.4^b	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7
51 or more days¹	--	--	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3

ALCOHOL

Fewer than 12 days¹	--	--	24.9	23.7	26.7	27.1	26.6	26.3	25.5	25.6	24.9
12 or more days^1,2	--	--	48.4^b	44.7^b	41.6	37.8	40.2	40.6	39.9	39.3	39.2
51 or more days¹	--	--	27.7^b	23.8	21.1	20.2	21.4	21.8	23.0	21.8	22.4

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

Because of the methodology used to adjust the 1979 through 1993 estimates, some logical inconsistency may exist between estimates for a given drug within the same survey year. For example, the number of past year users of a drug shown here from the frequency of use in the past year question may differ from the estimated number of past year users based on the recency of use question. These inconsistencies tend to be small, rare and not statistically significant.

²The category "12 or more days" includes "51 or more days"; the sum of "fewer than 12 days" and "12 or more days" is equivalent to all past year users.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office Of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (35B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 19.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	9.0^b	11.4	15.6	14.7	8.4	7.4	2.9	3.6	6.1	6.4

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	9.2^a	11.8	17.0	15.1	8.8	8.4	2.9	3.6	6.1	6.4
Black	8.6	11.0	15.7	15.5	10.6^b	7.0	3.8	4.4	7.5	7.5
Hispanic	9.2	10.5	10.9	10.5	5.7	3.8	1.5	3.7	5.2	5.9
Other	6.7	10.4	9.8	17.9	4.4	3.2	*	*	4.8	5.4

SEX
Male	9.2^b	12.3	20.2	19.6	11.0	9.6	4.2	5.0	8.1	8.5
Female	8.9	10.6	11.0	9.6	5.9	5.2	1.7	2.3	4.2	4.5

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	10.0	11.8	16.2	14.8	9.2	8.6	3.5	3.2	6.8	6.5
Small Metro	9.1^a	12.7	18.1	16.9	8.9^b	5.7	3.1	4.4	6.7	7.1
Nonmetro	7.3	9.0	10.3	10.8	5.7	7.3	1.3	3.0	3.7	5.2

REGION
Northeast	8.7	10.5	14.3	12.7	6.9^a	4.3	2.1	2.5	4.8	4.7
North Central	8.7	12.2	16.1	13.6	10.9	9.7	3.5	4.3	6.9	7.3
South	8.4^a	10.7	15.2	13.6	7.0	6.2	2.6	3.1	5.5	5.8
West	10.7	12.7	16.5	19.2	9.2	9.3	3.5	4.6	7.3	8.1

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	20.8	17.9	12.4	9.6	3.5	3.7	7.5	6.8
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	15.2	15.0	9.9^a	6.8	2.5	3.8	5.7	6.0
Some College	N/A	N/A	14.3	14.2	7.6	9.3	2.1	3.7	5.6	6.9
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	11.4	8.7	5.3	5.0	3.5	3.1	4.6	3.8

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	15.5	13.5	7.9	7.2	3.6	4.8	6.2	6.5
Part-time	N/A	N/A	14.3	16.1	8.6	8.5	5.6	2.7	8.6	7.7
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	25.9	19.2	18.1	15.5	2.9	10.3	12.5	13.8
Other³	N/A	N/A	13.3	14.0	7.3^a	4.6	1.3	1.6	3.0	3.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (41B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 20.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	7.1^b	9.4	13.2	12.8	6.3	6.0	2.0	2.6	4.7	5.1

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	7.3^a	9.8	14.4	13.4	6.6	6.9	1.9	2.6	4.6	5.2
Black	7.3	9.1	13.8	14.1	9.1^b	5.7	3.3	3.1	6.6	6.1
Hispanic	6.9	8.4	8.3	7.8	3.6	2.4	0.9	2.1	3.7	4.0
Other	4.3	8.0	8.9	15.9	3.1	2.5	*	*	3.7	4.6

SEX
Male	7.6^b	10.3	17.4	17.4	8.6	7.7	3.1	3.7	6.5	7.0
Female	6.6	8.4	9.1	8.2	4.1	4.2	1.0	1.5	3.1	3.5

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	7.6	10.0	14.5	13.1	7.1	7.2	2.4	1.9	5.4	5.1
Small Metro	7.5^a	10.2	14.6	14.9	6.6^a	4.2	2.1	3.2	5.0	5.6
Nonmetro	5.7	7.2	8.5	9.2	4.2	5.7	1.1	2.7	3.0	4.4

REGION
Northeast	6.0^a	9.6	13.2	11.9	4.9	3.2	1.5	1.7	3.7	3.8
North Central	6.7	10.4	14.0	12.2	8.5	8.8	2.5	3.6	5.5	6.3
South	6.8	8.4	12.2	12.2	5.5	4.8	1.9	1.9	4.3	4.5
West	8.9	9.8	13.9	15.6	6.6	6.9	2.1	3.4	5.4	6.2

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	17.0	15.0	9.0	8.3	2.2	2.4	5.6	5.2
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	13.1	12.8	7.4	5.5	1.8	2.9	4.4	4.8
Some College	N/A	N/A	12.6	13.0	6.6	6.7	1.7	2.7	4.8	5.5
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	9.2	8.2	3.6	4.5	2.4	2.1	3.2	3.0

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	13.2	11.5	6.3	5.9	2.6	3.3	4.9	5.0
Part-time	N/A	N/A	11.5	14.2	5.5	7.4	3.6	2.1	6.2	6.6
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	22.5	16.9	12.1	12.1	2.3	*	10.0	12.2
Other³	N/A	N/A	11.8	12.9	5.4^a	3.1	0.9	1.1	2.3	2.4

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (44B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 21.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	0.6	1.0	2.0^a	1.2	1.5^a	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.7

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	0.5^a	1.1	2.3^a	1.2	1.3	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.6
Black	0.1	0.1	1.0	0.9	3.1	1.8	0.6	1.7	1.0	1.4
Hispanic	1.1	1.0	2.1	1.5	1.4	0.9	0.6	0.5	1.1	0.8
Other	1.4	1.4	*	1.1	*	*	*	*	0.5	0.5

SEX
Male	0.4	0.9	2.7	1.9	2.3^b	1.0	0.6	0.6	1.1	0.9
Female	0.8	1.1	1.3^a	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	0.5	0.8	2.1	1.0	1.8^a	0.9	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.7
Small Metro	0.6	1.3	2.4	1.4	1.4^a	0.4	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.7
Nonmetro	0.7	0.9	1.2	1.3	0.8	1.4	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.7

REGION
Northeast	0.2	0.5	1.7	0.6	1.7^a	0.5	*	0.7	0.5	0.6
North Central	0.5	0.9	2.1	1.4	2.2^b	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.9	0.6
South	0.8	0.9	2.6^b	0.8	0.9	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.7
West	0.6	1.5	1.3	2.3	1.6	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.8	0.9

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	2.5	2.5	3.2^a	1.2	0.6	0.4	1.3	0.8
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	2.0	1.0	2.3^a	1.0	0.3	0.5	0.9	0.7
Some College	N/A	N/A	1.8^a	0.6	0.5	1.1	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.8
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	1.5	1.2	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.4

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	2.1	1.1	1.1	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7
Part-time	N/A	N/A	1.9	1.1	2.5	1.3	*	0.7	1.1	0.9
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	4.3	2.3	4.4	3.7	*	2.0	2.4	2.4
Other³	N/A	N/A	1.0	1.1	1.5	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (47B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 22.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Alcohol, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	18.8	20.5	60.0	58.4	61.6	60.2	51.7	52.8	51.0	51.4

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	20.4	22.0	65.5	63.5	66.0	64.8	54.3	56.1	54.2	55.1
Black	14.7	16.3	49.6	46.6	55.7	51.0	42.0	40.9	41.9	40.4
Hispanic	19.9	18.8	49.8	48.5	50.6	51.6	44.0	42.8	43.1	42.4
Other	5.4^b	17.0	43.5	*	42.9	42.2	*	36.0	35.6	37.0

SEX
Male	19.2	21.0	66.5	65.9	70.0	67.9	61.6	60.6	58.9	58.2
Female	18.3	19.9	53.5	50.8	53.7	52.6	43.0	46.0	43.6	45.1

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	18.5	21.4	62.4	58.5	62.8	62.4	55.4	56.6	54.0	54.3
Small Metro	19.0	20.4	59.5	58.7	64.9	62.3	54.7	53.5	53.0	52.0
Nonmetro	18.8	19.0	56.3	58.0	53.7	51.0	40.6	45.4	42.1	44.9

REGION
Northeast	17.5	19.3	63.5	59.9	62.4	60.3	56.9	56.7	55.0	54.0
North Central	19.6	23.4	67.9	68.0	66.5	66.6	54.7	55.3	54.4	55.6
South	19.3	19.3	58.3	55.1	58.9	57.9	46.5	47.7	47.1	47.4
West	17.8	20.3	52.3	53.3	60.1	56.8	52.0	55.7	49.8	51.7

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	53.3	52.4	51.3	48.7	33.3	32.7	39.1	38.0
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	56.3	56.7	60.9	56.9	52.1	52.7	54.2	54.0
Some College	N/A	N/A	62.2	61.3	60.8	61.6	54.8	56.0	57.4	58.2
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	75.1^a	67.4	68.7	68.9	64.1	65.9	66.1	66.6

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	67.5	65.3	67.2	64.0	59.9	60.4	62.7	61.9
Part-time	N/A	N/A	57.9	51.5	56.8	59.9	52.2	58.4	54.7	56.6
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	60.9	55.8	58.7	55.7	58.3	61.7	59.1	58.8
Other³	N/A	N/A	45.5	51.3	41.9	44.6	41.1	40.8	41.6	42.1

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (48B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 23.Percentages Reporting Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	7.2	8.3	32.0^b	28.0	22.8	23.1	11.3	11.7	15.5	15.3

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	8.0	9.3	37.0^a	32.6	25.4	26.4	11.1	11.9	16.1	16.3
Black	3.7	3.9	18.8^a	12.9	16.5	13.3	12.8	10.1	13.1^a	10.3
Hispanic	8.3	7.4	24.7	21.6	20.1	19.6	14.5	15.3	16.7	16.2
Other	3.0	8.0	18.6	24.3	6.6	10.0	5.5	3.3	7.5	8.5

SEX
Male	8.7	9.7	43.7^a	38.7	33.6	33.8	17.7	18.7	22.8	23.0
Female	5.6	6.8	20.6^a	17.0	12.4	12.5	5.8	5.4	8.7	8.1

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	6.5^a	8.9	30.4	27.0	23.3	22.2	11.2	11.8	15.5	15.4
Small Metro	8.1	8.1	34.4^a	28.2	23.6	25.8	11.6	11.1	16.0	15.3
Nonmetro	7.0	7.3	31.3	29.3	20.3	20.5	11.2	12.2	14.6	15.0

REGION
Northeast	6.4	8.3	30.4	23.9	21.1	20.4	9.4	9.4	13.3	12.6
North Central	6.7	9.8	39.9	36.1	29.4	28.1	14.7	14.4	19.4	19.2
South	7.5	7.3	31.7^a	26.6	21.0	22.6	9.8	12.1	14.2	15.2
West	7.7	8.2	25.9	24.9	20.0	20.5	11.9	10.1	15.0	13.5

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	30.2	25.7	24.8	25.2	8.8	9.7	14.5	14.4
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	29.3	26.2	23.5	22.7	12.0	12.6	16.5	16.4
Some College	N/A	N/A	33.0	31.5	21.5	25.2	11.9	10.9	18.0	17.9
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	39.1^b	27.7	22.0	20.4	12.0	12.6	16.5	15.2

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	37.9^b	31.2	26.1	25.9	15.9	16.1	21.3	20.4
Part-time	N/A	N/A	28.7	24.7	17.6	20.3	6.1	10.0	14.6	16.2
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	35.3	26.4	29.6	30.3	20.3	18.7	26.6	23.5
Other³	N/A	N/A	21.3	24.7	9.5	9.1	6.4	5.4	8.1	7.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (49B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 24.Percentages Reporting Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	2.9	3.1	12.9	11.1	7.1	7.5	3.8	4.0	5.4	5.4

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	3.2	3.4	14.9	12.9	7.9	8.3	3.6	4.1	5.5	5.7
Black	1.7	1.5	7.4	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.5	3.4	5.3^a	3.8
Hispanic	3.4	3.9	10.5	8.9	5.8	6.7	5.4	5.9	6.2	6.3
Other	1.9	2.3	6.9	8.8	1.8	2.9	*	*	2.1	2.3

SEX
Male	4.3	3.8	20.6	17.5	11.8	12.1	6.9	6.9	9.3	8.9
Female	1.4	2.4	5.4	4.5	2.6	2.9	1.1	1.4	1.9	2.1

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	2.8	4.1	12.3	9.7	6.5	6.9	3.5	4.7	5.1	5.6
Small Metro	2.9	2.9	13.1	11.3	7.8	8.0	4.6	3.5	6.0	5.2
Nonmetro	3.2	1.8	14.0	13.2	7.3	8.1	3.2	3.6	5.1	5.3

REGION
Northeast	2.2	3.7	11.4	8.4	6.8	8.3	3.1	4.2	4.5	5.3
North Central	2.8	3.7	14.3	14.7	9.0	7.0	4.6	4.5	6.4	6.2
South	3.8	2.5	15.0^b	10.8	6.5	8.2	3.5	4.0	5.5	5.4
West	2.2	3.1	9.7	9.8	6.2	6.1	4.1	3.3	5.1	4.6

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	14.4	11.8	10.0	10.2	4.4	4.9	6.8	6.7
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	11.8	10.0	8.8	8.1	4.4	2.9	6.2^a	4.9
Some College	N/A	N/A	14.1	13.5	6.0	6.1	3.7	3.8	6.2	6.2
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	10.7	6.3	4.6	6.6	2.6	5.0	3.7	5.4

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	16.1^b	12.0	7.8	8.1	4.9	5.2	7.1	6.8
Part-time	N/A	N/A	10.0	10.8	6.3	6.1	1.4	1.6	4.7	5.2
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	15.8	10.8	12.1	12.3	9.5	*	11.9	10.8
Other³	N/A	N/A	8.1	9.2	2.7	3.4	2.6	2.4	3.2	3.1

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (52B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 25.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	18.3	19.9	38.3	40.6	35.0	33.7	27.0	27.9	28.9	29.6

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	20.8	21.8	42.9	45.2	37.5	36.1	26.8	27.8	29.8	30.5
Black	11.9^a	14.9	28.5	30.2	33.5^a	28.4	34.7	33.8	30.4	29.8
Hispanic	14.8	16.0	30.1	30.9	26.3	28.7	24.7	28.9	24.7	27.4
Other	10.3	19.7	24.4	34.4	24.4	26.3	13.9	11.4	17.2	18.8

SEX
Male	17.8	19.1	43.2	46.5	38.5	35.5	28.8	28.8	31.1	31.2
Female	18.7	20.7	33.3	34.6	31.5	31.9	25.4	27.1	26.7	28.2

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	17.3	17.4	34.6	36.4	32.2	32.9	24.8	25.1	26.7	27.2
Small Metro	17.1^a	21.6	39.7	40.4	34.3	32.3	26.5	29.8	28.4	30.7
Nonmetro	21.7	21.6	43.4	48.5	42.7	38.0	31.8	29.8	33.7	32.4

REGION
Northeast	15.6	16.1	40.0	37.1	32.0	32.3	24.4	27.2	26.6	28.0
North Central	19.7	22.4	42.7	44.5	38.1	37.3	26.0	28.4	29.4	31.5
South	19.9	20.6	39.2	43.8	37.7	34.6	29.9	29.6	31.3	31.4
West	15.8^a	19.1	31.3	33.1	30.1	29.2	25.9	24.9	26.4	26.0

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	50.5	55.6	51.7	46.4	30.2	35.3	36.5	40.0
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	43.3	43.0	45.1	41.7	33.3	33.1	36.8	36.1
Some College	N/A	N/A	31.2	33.5	32.1	34.1	24.9	26.6	27.5	29.5
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	22.2	24.9	17.2	17.0	17.0	16.4	17.5	17.1

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	41.2	43.6	34.7	33.2	29.9	29.9	32.6	32.4
Part-time	N/A	N/A	34.2	36.4	30.0	28.6	27.4	23.7	29.8	28.3
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	50.1	50.2	48.0	54.4	50.6	49.3	49.9	50.7
Other³	N/A	N/A	31.6	34.6	34.9	31.7	21.4	24.4	23.6	26.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (26B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 26.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Age Group	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Total	34.8	35.6	10.8	11.2	6.1	6.4

12-17 Years Old	22.1	23.7	16.7	18.8	9.0^b	11.4
12-13	7.5	9.1	5.8	6.0	2.2^a	3.8
14-15	22.6	24.1	17.7	19.3	8.8	11.2
16-17	35.1	37.8	25.9^a	30.7	15.6	19.2

18-25 Years Old	48.0	45.4	26.8	25.3	15.6	14.7
18-20	45.2	43.3	33.2	29.8	20.0	17.3
21-25	49.7	46.7	22.8	22.3	12.9	12.9

26-34 Years Old	53.1	50.8	14.6	14.3	8.4	7.4
26-29	48.9	47.7	15.7	16.2	9.1	7.6
30-34	56.1	53.1	13.8	12.9	7.9	7.2

35 Years and Older	29.0	31.5	5.3	6.1	2.9	3.6
35-39	53.6	58.6	12.0	14.2	6.4	8.6
40-44	53.2	51.3	10.3	10.4	5.0	4.9
45-49	42.3	45.0	6.6	7.5	4.0	5.3
>50	10.1^a	13.3	1.3	1.7	0.8	1.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE:Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (28B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 27.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Age Group	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Total	32.0	32.9	8.6	9.0	4.7	5.1

12-17 Years Old	16.8	18.9	13.0^b	15.8	7.1^b	9.4
12-13	3.6	4.4	3.2	4.0	1.2^a	2.5
14-15	15.7	18.6	13.5	15.7	6.7^a	9.2
16-17	30.4	33.3	21.7^b	27.4	13.1	16.3

18-25 Years Old	44.0	41.5	23.8	22.3	13.2	12.8
18-20	41.6	40.0	30.1	26.9	17.1	15.4
21-25	45.5	42.4	20.1	19.3	10.9	11.1

26-34 Years Old	50.5	47.9	11.3	11.2	6.3	6.0
26-29	46.4	44.9	12.9	13.6	7.3	6.3
30-34	53.5	50.2	10.2	9.4	5.7	5.7

35 Years and Older	27.0	29.4	3.8	4.4	2.0	2.6
35-39	51.0	55.9	9.2	11.5	5.5	6.9
40-44	50.3	50.2	7.5	7.5	3.0	3.7
45-49	40.1	42.6	4.6	4.9	2.9	3.4
>50	8.5	11.2	0.6	1.0	0.3	0.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (29B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 28.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Age Group	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Total	10.3	10.5	1.9	1.9	0.8	0.7

12-17 Years Old	1.9^b	3.0	1.4^a	2.2	0.6	1.0
12-13	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.3
14-15	1.3	1.6	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.5
16-17	4.2^b	6.9	2.9^b	5.2	1.4	2.2

18-25 Years Old	10.2	8.9	4.7	3.9	2.0^a	1.2
18-20	8.5	8.2	6.0	4.8	2.2	1.5
21-25	11.2	9.4	3.9	3.3	1.9	1.0

26-34 Years Old	20.9^a	18.4	3.5	3.1	1.5^a	0.9
26-29	17.3^b	12.1	3.7	2.8	1.3	0.8
30-34	23.5	23.2	3.4	3.3	1.7^a	0.9

35 Years and Older	8.9	9.9	0.9	1.1	0.4	0.5
35-39	22.1	24.5	3.1	3.6	1.5	1.6
40-44	21.1	17.4	1.9	1.7	0.7	0.7
45-49	9.4	12.7	0.5	0.9	0.2	0.7
>50	0.8^a	2.2	*	0.3	*	0.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (32B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 29.Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997

	LEVEL OF ALCOHOL USE IN PAST MONTH
	Any Alcohol Use		"Binge" Alcohol Use		Heavy Alcohol Use
Age Group	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Total	51.0	51.4	15.5	15.3	5.4	5.4

12-17 Years Old	18.8	20.5	7.2	8.3	2.9	3.1
12-13	5.1	6.7	1.0	1.1	0.5	0.3
14-15	19.1	21.1	5.7	7.7	2.3	2.6
16-17	31.2	33.4	14.6	16.0	6.0	6.5

18-25 Years Old	60.0	58.4	32.0^b	28.0	12.9	11.1
18-20	50.1	53.4	28.4	28.3	12.7	12.4
21-25	66.0^a	61.8	34.2^b	27.8	13.0^a	10.2

26-34 Years Old	61.6	60.2	22.8	23.1	7.1	7.5
26-29	62.3	60.9	23.6	24.1	7.4	7.8
30-34	61.2	59.7	22.2	22.3	6.8	7.2

35 Years and Older	51.7	52.8	11.3	11.7	3.8	4.0
35-39	58.8	64.8	19.9	20.1	6.3	8.4
40-44	59.0	57.4	17.7	15.7	6.0	4.9
45-49	57.1	53.8	11.1	14.2	4.7	3.5
>50	45.8	47.3	6.7	6.9	2.1	2.4

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE:"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (31B)

PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 30.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Age Group	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Total	71.6	70.5	32.3	32.7	28.9	29.6

12-17 Years Old	36.3	38.7	24.2	26.4	18.3	19.9
12-13	18.2	19.9	10.1^a	13.3	7.3^a	9.7
14-15	37.0	39.4	25.5	26.9	18.4	19.5
16-17	52.5	56.3	36.1	38.8	28.4	30.3

18-25 Years Old	68.5	67.7	44.7	45.9	38.3	40.6
18-20	64.3	65.0	44.8	47.7	39.2	41.1
21-25	71.1	69.6	44.7	44.6	37.7	40.3

26-34 Years Old	73.8	72.8	39.2	37.7	35.0	33.7
26-29	72.2	70.6	41.5	37.5	36.1	33.7
30-34	75.0	74.5	37.6	37.8	34.2	33.6

35 Years and Older	77.8	76.0	29.1	29.7	27.0	27.9
35-39	78.0	74.8	38.7	37.2	35.4	34.9
40-44	79.5	80.5	39.1	37.2	36.1	34.2
45-49	78.2	77.2	32.8	30.6	30.1	29.4
>50	77.2	74.8	21.9	24.7	20.6	23.4

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (17A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 31A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Parental Status: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples

	Females Aged 15-44
	Used in Lifetime				Used in Past Year				Used in Past Month
		Not Pregnant				Not Pregnant				Not Pregnant
Drug	Pregnant	No Children	Has Child Aged <2¹	All Children Aged >2¹	Pregnant	No Children	Has Child Aged <2¹	All Children Aged >2¹	Pregnant	No Children	Has Child Aged <2¹	All Children Aged >2¹

Any Illicit Drug²	974	10,702	2,881	11,497	244	4,800	680	1,963	59	2,579	385	981

Marijuana and Hashish	932	9,880	2,675	10,763	191	4,021	526	1,366	35	2,056	298	709
Cocaine	333	2,775	682	3,602	66	858	120	353	4	353	33	151
Crack	90	698	170	549	19	293	42	128	3	142	18	59
Inhalants	124	2,044	309	949	7	554	19	53	*	177	15	14
Hallucinogens	241	2,992	623	2,527	35	921	63	109	2	335	43	27
PCP	71	611	201	976	5	79	24	2	*	8	24	*
LSD	211	2,345	457	1,936	28	625	17	31	*	150	*	*
Heroin	51	253	73	175	14	91	6	31	4	41	5	19
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic³	213	2,748	608	2,820	70	1,242	165	641	18	575	91	253
Stimulants	90	1,101	265	1,365	31	289	31	104	*	109	10	58
Sedatives	26	499	101	687	13	84	13	93	*	33	7	44
Tranquilizers	79	1,121	206	1,092	26	429	79	298	*	177	39	121
Analgesics	110	1,702	382	1,447	35	889	137	382	18	379	64	102

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana²	470	5,729	1,312	5,657	118	2,428	292	981	28	1,150	147	417

Alcohol	1,844	19,752	5,727	21,090	1,412	17,229	4,377	17,225	333	13,230	3,275	12,911
"Binge" Alcohol Use⁴	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	30	4,009	622	2,395
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	6	1,100	133	532

Cigarettes	1,466	16,010	4,616	17,821	652	9,640	2,211	8,784	469	8,274	2,043	8,172

Smokeless Tobacco	104	1,740	320	1,075	*	362	17	69	*	104	10	40

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

¹The respondent and the child(ren) both (all) reside in the same household.

²Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any

Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

³Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter drugs.

⁴"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol

Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (17B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 31B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Parental Status: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples

	Females Aged 15-44
	Used in Lifetime				Used in Past Year				Used in Past Month
		Not Pregnant				Not Pregnant				Not Pregnant
Drug	Pregnant	No Children	Has Child Aged <2¹	All Children Aged >2¹	Pregnant	No Children	Has Child Aged <2¹	All Children Aged >2¹	Pregnant	No Children	Has Child Aged <2¹	All Children Aged >2¹

Any Illicit Drug²	41.4	43.1	41.0	47.7	10.4	19.3	9.7	8.1	2.5	10.4	5.5	4.1

Marijuana and Hashish	39.6	39.8	38.1	44.6	8.1	16.2	7.5	5.7	1.5	8.3	4.2	2.9
Cocaine	14.2	11.2	9.7	14.9	2.8	3.5	1.7	1.5	0.2	1.4	0.5	0.6
Crack	3.8	2.8	2.4	2.3	0.8	1.2	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.6	0.3	0.2
Inhalants	5.3	8.2	4.4	3.9	0.3	2.2	0.3	0.2	*	0.7	0.2	0.1
Hallucinogens	10.2	12.0	8.9	10.5	1.5	3.7	0.9	0.5	0.1	1.3	0.6	0.1
PCP	3.0	2.5	2.9	4.0	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0	*	0.0	0.3	*
LSD	9.0	9.4	6.5	8.0	1.2	2.5	0.2	0.1	*	0.6	*	*
Heroin	2.2	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic³	9.1	11.1	8.6	11.7	3.0	5.0	2.3	2.7	0.8	2.3	1.3	1.0
Stimulants	3.8	4.4	3.8	5.7	1.3	1.2	0.4	0.4	*	0.4	0.1	0.2
Sedatives	1.1	2.0	1.4	2.9	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.4	*	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tranquilizers	3.3	4.5	2.9	4.5	1.1	1.7	1.1	1.2	*	0.7	0.5	0.5
Analgesics	4.7	6.9	5.4	6.0	1.5	3.6	2.0	1.6	0.8	1.5	0.9	0.4

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana²	20.0	23.1	18.7	23.5	5.0	9.8	4.2	4.1	1.2	4.6	2.1	1.7

Alcohol	78.3	79.5	81.5	87.5	60.0	69.4	62.3	71.4	14.1	53.3	46.6	53.5
"Binge" Alcohol Use⁴	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	1.3	16.7	9.2	10.3
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.3	4.6	2.0	2.3

Cigarettes	62.3	64.5	65.7	73.9	27.7	38.8	31.4	36.4	19.9	33.3	29.1	33.9

Smokeless Tobacco	4.4	7.0	4.6	4.5	*	1.5	0.2	0.3	*	0.4	0.1	0.2

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

¹The respondent and the child(ren) both (all) reside in the same household.

³Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter drugs.

Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (18B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 32.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Demographic Characteristics	Pregnant	Not Pregnant	Pregnant	Not Pregnant	Pregnant	Not Pregnant
TOTAL	41.4	44.8	10.4	13.3	2.5	7.0

AGE
15-25	39.0	39.0	18.0	22.2	4.4	11.9
26-44	43.0	47.6	5.0	9.0	1.2	4.7

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	49.9	51.7	11.2	14.1	2.4	7.3
Black	34.7	34.3	14.6	13.9	5.4	8.0
Hispanic	20.2	24.5	6.1	8.6	1.2	4.7

MARITAL STATUS
Married	38.8	44.5	5.0	7.1	0.7	3.2
Not Married	48.0	45.2	24.0	20.0	7.2	11.2
Never Married	45.9	41.3	26.1	22.0	6.4	12.0
Divorced, Separated	*	58.5	*	13.4	*	8.5

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	42.6	44.2	9.7	13.3	1.8	7.2
Small Metro	41.0	48.8	12.1	15.0	4.3	8.4
Nonmetro	38.7	39.7	8.5	10.6	*	4.6

PARENTAL STATUS
No Children	42.9	43.1	15.0	19.3	3.5	10.4
Has Child Aged <2²	34.9	41.0	9.0	9.7	1.9	5.5
All Children Aged >2²	43.3	47.7	6.8	8.1	2.0	4.1

TRIMESTER³
First	42.6	N/A	9.5	N/A	3.8	N/A
Second	39.2	N/A	10.5	N/A	2.0	N/A
Third	44.5	N/A	11.0	N/A	2.1	N/A

ADULT EDUCATION⁴
<High School	41.3	40.9	16.0	14.8	7.8	9.0
High School Grad	40.0	45.2	10.5	12.3	0.4	6.4
Some College	38.9	50.6	9.1	12.0	*	6.1
College Graduate	*	45.0	*	9.2	*	4.4

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

NOTE:Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

NOTE:The sum of the pregnant and not pregnant females aged 15-44 is less than the total of all females aged 15-44 because of item nonresponse to the pregnancy question.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²The respondent and the child(ren) both (all) reside in the same household.

³Trimester not reported by all pregnant respondents.

⁴Data on adult education not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for adult education are for persons aged 18 to 44.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (22B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 33.Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples

	LEVEL OF ALCOHOL USE IN PAST MONTH
	Any Alcohol Use		"Binge" Alcohol Use		Heavy Alcohol Use
Demographic Characteristics	Pregnant	Not Pregnant	Pregnant	Not Pregnant	Pregnant	Not Pregnant
TOTAL	14.1	52.5	1.3	13.0	0.3	3.3

AGE
15-25	12.9	47.1	2.1	17.0	0.4	4.6
26-44	15.0	55.2	0.7	11.1	*	2.6

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	15.5	58.5	1.3	15.1	*	3.7
Black	16.7	41.7	1.5	8.0	*	2.4
Hispanic	7.1	38.2	1.0	8.5	0.6	2.5

MARITAL STATUS
Married	9.4	53.2	0.3	9.0	*	2.4
Not Married	26.3	51.9	3.8	17.4	0.7	4.2
Never Married	26.8	49.4	3.3	17.2	*	4.3
Divorced, Separated	*	60.3	*	17.8	*	3.9

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	12.3	55.1	1.1	12.4	0.5	2.5
Small Metro	*	55.1	1.9	15.0	*	4.2
Nonmetro	9.4	43.3	*	11.1	*	3.4

PARENTAL STATUS
No Children	15.1	53.3	1.5	16.7	*	4.6
Has Child Aged <2²	*	46.6	*	9.2	*	2.0
All Children Aged >2²	13.4	53.5	1.5	10.3	*	2.3

TRIMESTER³
First	16.2	N/A	1.6	N/A	*	N/A
Second	11.7	N/A	0.6	N/A	*	N/A
Third	9.4	N/A	0.7	N/A	*	N/A

ADULT EDUCATION⁴
<High School	21.2	39.6	1.5	12.6	*	3.7
High School Grad	8.9	52.6	1.3	12.7	*	3.7
Some College	*	56.8	2.0	14.9	*	3.6
College Graduate	*	66.1	*	12.3	*	1.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

NOTE:"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

NOTE:The sum of the pregnant and not pregnant females aged 15-44 is less than the total of all females aged 15-44 because of item nonresponse to the pregnancy question.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²The respondent and the child(ren) both (all) reside in the same household.

³Trimester not reported by all pregnant respondents.

⁴Data on adult education not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for adult education are for persons aged 18 to 44.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (23B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 34.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples

	TIME PERIOD
	Lifetime		Past Year		Past Month
Demographic Characteristics	Pregnant	Not Pregnant	Pregnant	Not Pregnant	Pregnant	Not Pregnant
TOTAL	62.3	68.7	27.7	36.9	19.9	33.0

AGE
15-25	59.0	60.2	34.2	38.7	23.1	32.7
26-44	64.6	72.8	23.2	36.0	17.7	33.2

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	69.7	75.8	31.3	40.9	22.1	36.8
Black	58.3	57.5	32.1	32.1	27.8	28.9
Hispanic	41.2	48.2	16.2	25.9	10.0	22.3

MARITAL STATUS
Married	59.4	71.1	21.5	31.2	14.6	28.6
Not Married	69.6	66.1	43.5	43.0	33.5	37.8
Never Married	68.8	61.7	40.2	39.4	29.2	33.5
Divorced, Separated	*	81.1	*	55.5	*	52.8

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	58.2	65.4	23.0	32.9	15.0	28.8
Small Metro	*	70.2	31.0	38.1	22.4	34.3
Nonmetro	*	73.1	34.3	43.3	29.2	39.8

PARENTAL STATUS
No Children	63.1	64.5	29.7	38.8	19.5	33.3
Has Child Aged <2²	61.0	65.7	20.4	31.4	14.5	29.1
All Children Aged >2²	62.2	73.9	29.6	36.4	23.0	33.9

TRIMESTER³
First	*	N/A	28.1	N/A	20.7	N/A
Second	60.2	N/A	28.0	N/A	17.8	N/A
Third	64.4	N/A	26.2	N/A	19.1	N/A

ADULT EDUCATION⁴
<High School	66.4	67.0	48.2	48.9	40.1	46.7
High School Grad	58.9	73.8	29.2	44.0	20.2	41.0
Some College	*	72.7	23.0	36.6	16.0	32.0
College Graduate	*	66.0	13.4	20.1	7.8	16.7

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

NOTE:The sum of the pregnant and not pregnant females aged 15-44 is less than the total of all females aged 15-44 because of item nonresponse to the pregnancy question.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²The respondent and the child(ren) both (all) reside in the same household.

³Trimester not reported by all pregnant respondents.

⁴Data on adult education not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for adult education are for persons aged 18 to 44.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (73B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 35.Percentages of Past Month Users of Cigarettes or Alcohol in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco, by Levels of Past Month Cigarette and Alcohol Use: 1996 and 1997

	USE OF CIGARETTES OR ALCOHOL IN PAST MONTH
	Cigarette Use In Past Month				Level of Alcohol Use In Past Month
	Any Use		No Use		Heavy Use³		"Binge" Use But Not Heavy Use³		Use But Not "Binge" Use³		No Use
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	14.7	15.2	2.6	2.7	30.8	29.7	16.1	17.7	5.3	5.1	1.9	2.3

Marijuana and Hashish	12.1	13.0	1.7	1.8	25.7	26.2	13.7	15.8	4.0	4.1	1.1	1.4
Cocaine	2.2	1.9	0.2	0.2	6.3	4.2	2.4	1.9	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.2
Crack	0.9	0.8	0.1	0.1	2.6	1.5	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Inhalants	0.9	0.9	0.2	0.2	2.9	2.1	1.3	1.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	1.7	2.1	0.2	0.2	4.5	5.3	1.7	1.7	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
PCP	0.2	0.2	*	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.2	*	0.1	*	*	0.0
LSD	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.1	2.0	2.0	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Heroin	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	3.2	2.5	0.7	0.7	7.5	4.8	2.1	2.8	1.5	1.0	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	0.9	0.8	0.1	0.1	1.4	1.5	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
Sedatives	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	1.3	1.0	0.1	0.1	2.1	2.2	0.7	1.2	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.1
Analgesics	1.8^a	1.2	0.5	0.5	5.3^a	2.4	1.3	1.5	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.5

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	6.4	5.9	1.2	1.1	14.8	12.3	6.3	6.0	2.3	1.8	1.0	1.2

Alcohol	67.4	65.5	44.3	45.4	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	30.1	28.8	9.7	9.6	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Heavy Alcohol Use³	12.8	12.1	2.5	2.6	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Cigarettes	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	67.1	66.1	48.9	50.1	30.0	30.3	19.2	21.0

Smokeless Tobacco	5.0	4.3	2.5	2.8	10.3	9.0	6.8	8.8	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.2

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office Of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (74B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 36.Percentages of Past Month Users of Cigarettes or Alcohol in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17 Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco, by Levels of Past Month Cigarette and Alcohol Use: 1996 and 1997

	USE OF CIGARETTES OR ALCOHOL IN PAST MONTH
	Cigarette Use In Past Month				Level of Alcohol Use In Past Month
	Any Use		No Use		Heavy Use³		"Binge" Use But Not Heavy Use³		Use But Not "Binge" Use³		No Use
Drug	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	32.5^b	42.8	3.8	3.6	51.1^b	73.6	47.4^a	60.2	25.3	30.5	3.2	3.4

Marijuana and Hashish	27.8^b	37.4	2.5	2.4	44.9^b	65.7	43.1	55.8	19.8	26.1	2.0	2.1
Cocaine	2.4^a	4.5	0.2	0.1	7.1	9.1	3.8	8.3	0.8	2.2	0.1	0.1
Crack	1.1	2.1	0.0	0.0	5.0	4.2	*	2.9	*	1.4	0.0	0.0
Inhalants	6.7	6.9	0.6	0.8	13.4	8.1	14.0	11.6	4.2	4.3	0.4^a	0.9
Hallucinogens	8.2	8.3	0.6^a	0.2	16.5	19.7	15.5	10.8	4.8	3.7	0.5	0.4
PCP	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.0	*	1.5	*	*	0.3	*	*	0.1
LSD	3.1	3.4	0.3	0.1	8.1	10.1	5.3	3.6	1.7	1.0	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.3	0.8	0.1	0.0	*	*	*	2.7	*	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	5.7	7.4	1.0	0.8	11.3	15.6	12.7	10.8	3.7	4.5	0.8	0.7
Stimulants	2.1	2.2	0.2	0.2	5.3	5.1	6.3	5.4	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.1
Sedatives	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.1	2.2	*	*	*	*	0.3	0.1	0.0
Tranquilizers	0.6^a	2.2	0.1	0.1	1.6	6.4	*	2.9	*	1.7	0.0	0.1
Analgesics	4.0	4.5	0.9	0.6	6.6	10.0	8.9	5.3	3.1	3.0	0.7	0.6

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	16.3	19.8	2.0	1.6	31.7	36.0	29.6	28.2	11.0	11.7	1.6	1.7

Alcohol	55.9	59.8	10.4	10.7	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	28.2	33.0	2.6	2.4	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Heavy Alcohol Use³	12.7	13.7	0.8	0.6	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Cigarettes	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	77.4	84.7	64.8	72.1	46.0	46.6	9.9	10.1

Smokeless Tobacco	6.4	6.1	0.9	0.9	15.9	12.5	7.5	7.3	3.7	2.9	0.9	1.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

80529 (78A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 37A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Specific Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Methamphetamine, Needles, and Heroin by Smoking or Sniffing/Snorting in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, By Age Group: 1996 and 1997

Drug or Method of Administration	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

Hallucinogens	1,265	1,472	4,544	4,150	5,474	5,320	9,415	9,714	20,699	20,656
PCP	273	314	636	668	1,477^a	1,122	4,369	4,376	6,755	6,480
LSD	970	1,174	3,850	3,655	4,148	4,175	7,431	7,755	16,400	16,760
Peyote	99	106	421	282	449	386	3,060	2,346	4,030	3,121
Mescaline	66	82	604	434	1,094	1,127	4,323	3,909	6,087	5,551
Psilocybin (Mushrooms)	451	595	2,516	2,182	3,058	2,798	5,405	4,625	11,430	10,200
"Ecstasy" (MDMA)	242	299	1,164	1,271	875	1,088	853	680	3,134	3,338
Inhalants	1,337	1,630	3,006	2,809	2,951	2,925	4,615	4,972	11,909	12,335
Amyl Nitrite, "Poppers," Locker Room Odorizers, or "Rush"	135	182	631	410	1,657	1,594	2,936	2,599	5,360	4,784
Correction Fluid, Degreaser, or Cleaning Fluid	399	382	285	309	179	144	123	72	986	906
Gasoline or Lighter Fluid	417^a	607	655	509	331	357	314^a	942	1,717^a	2,416
Glue, Shoe Polish, or Toluene	490	617	488	506	392	353	594	882	1,964	2,358
Halothane, Ether, or Other Anesthetics	39^a	101	117	102	114	110	165	113	435	426
Lacquer Thinner or Other Paint Solvents	322	298	313	268	143	127	182	311	960	1,004
Lighter Gases (Butane, Propane)	198	281	282	271	121	39	53	92	655	683
Nitrous Oxide or "Whippets"	403	514	1,995	1,815	1,429	1,288	1,223	1,383	5,050	5,000
Spray Paints	319^a	497	265	212	239^b	87	297	346	1,120	1,142
Other Aerosol Sprays	319	434	270	355	181	74	110	292	879	1,155
Methamphetamine	145^a	282	702	636	1,477^b	955	2,564	3,432	4,888	5,304
Needle Use^1,2	71	92	284	213	589	431	1,561	1,558	2,505	2,294
Heroin	103	107	365	276	464	359	1,511	1,276	2,444	2,019
Smoke Heroin²	84	83	160	176	287	160	1,140	585	1,672^a	1,005
Sniff or Snort Heroin²	48	48	222	139	316	231	1,261	798	1,847	1,215

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

¹Refers to lifetime use of a needle to inject a drug that was not prescribed, or that was taken only for the experience or feeling it caused.

²These drug estimates are generated from data collected on a "non-core" section of the NHSDA questionnaire. Therefore, these estimates may be somewhat inconsistent with drug estimates based on data

collected from the "core" answer sheets because NHSDA data are not edited for consistency across the "core" and "non-core" sections of the interview.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (78B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 37B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Specific Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Methamphetamine, Needles, and Heroin by Smoking or Sniffing/Snorting in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group: 1996 and 1997

Drug or Method of Administration	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

Hallucinogens	5.6	6.5	16.3	15.0	15.4	15.1	7.3	7.4	9.7	9.6
PCP	1.2	1.4	2.3	2.4	4.2	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.0
LSD	4.3	5.2	13.9	13.2	11.7	11.8	5.8	5.9	7.7	7.8
Peyote	0.4	0.5	1.5	1.0	1.3	1.1	2.4	1.8	1.9	1.4
Mescaline	0.3	0.4	2.2	1.6	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.0	2.8	2.6
Psilocybin (Mushrooms)	2.0	2.6	9.1	7.9	8.6	7.9	4.2	3.5	5.3	4.7
"Ecstasy" (MDMA)	1.1	1.3	4.2	4.6	2.5	3.1	0.7	0.5	1.5	1.5
Inhalants	5.9	7.2	10.8	10.1	8.3	8.3	3.6	3.8	5.6	5.7
Amyl Nitrite, "Poppers," Locker Room Odorizers, or "Rush"	0.6	0.8	2.3	1.5	4.7	4.5	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.2
Correction Fluid, Degreaser, or Cleaning Fluid	1.8	1.7	1.0	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.4
Gasoline or Lighter Fluid	1.9^a	2.7	2.4	1.8	0.9	1.0	0.2^a	0.7	0.8^a	1.1
Glue, Shoe Polish, or Toluene	2.2	2.7	1.8	1.8	1.1	1.0	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.1
Halothane, Ether, or Other Anesthetics	0.2^a	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Lacquer Thinner or Other Paint Solvents	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5
Lighter Gases (Butane, Propane)	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.3
Nitrous Oxide or "Whippets"	1.8	2.3	7.2	6.6	4.0	3.7	1.0	1.1	2.4	2.3
Spray Paints	1.4^a	2.2	1.0	0.8	0.7^a	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.5
Other Aerosol Sprays	1.4	1.9	1.0	1.3	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5
Methamphetamine	0.6^a	1.2	2.5	2.3	4.2^b	2.7	2.0	2.6	2.3	2.5
Needle Use^1,2	0.3	0.4	1.0	0.8	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1
Heroin	0.5	0.5	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9
Smoke Heroin²	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.9	0.4	0.8^a	0.5
Sniff or Snort Heroin²	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

¹Refers to lifetime use of a needle to inject a drug that was not prescribed, or that was taken only for the experience or feeling it caused.

²These drug estimates are generated from data collected on a "non-core" section of the NHSDA questionnaire. Therefore, these estimates may be somewhat inconsistent with drug estimates based on data

collected from the "core" answer sheets because NHSDA data are not edited for consistency across the "core" and "non-core" sections of the interview.

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (204A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 38.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Marijuana During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	617	18.8	9.2	13.4	4.9
1966	900	20.3	11.2	23.4	2.7
1967	1467	19.9	15.2	40.9	6.9
1968	1590	19.1	18.5	44.8	3.7
1969	2218	19.2	32.2	52.3	5.4
1970	2668	19.3	35.8	64.8	10.7
1971	2799	18.8	42.5	66.7	12.5
1972	2897	18.4	52.0	63.5	9.5
1973	2782	18.2	55.5	58.4	8.0
1974	3008	18.6	57.2	62.0	9.9
1975	3185	18.8	69.4	55.1	12.8
1976	2824	18.5	61.3	53.4	10.4
1977	2884	19.3	66.5	48.6	10.1
1978	2879	17.8	76.9	50.7	7.1
1979	2585	18.0	61.4	55.4	4.1
1980	2492	18.6	58.2	57.1	5.3
1981	2218	17.8	57.0	46.2	4.8
1982	2080	18.2	50.5	45.8	9.1
1983	2044	17.8	54.9	42.4	3.5
1984	1994	19.6	51.2	38.8	3.9
1985	1767	17.8	48.7	39.1	1.5
1986	1871	19.4	50.4	41.9	3.0
1987	1817	17.9	49.2	43.2	2.3
1988	1526	17.3	43.0	37.7	1.7
1989	1413	17.8	37.6	34.2	2.4
1990	1401	17.3	37.2	37.0	1.4
1991	1376	17.5	36.6	33.9	1.7
1992	1701	17.7	45.5	39.3	2.8
1993	1949	17.0	53.9	46.3	2.2
1994²	2393	16.7	73.3	47.9	2.7
1995³	2406	16.6	74.6	50.7	2.4
1996⁴	2540	16.4	83.2	53.6	1.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

¹The numerator of each rate equals the number of persons who first used the drug in the year (times 1000). The denominator of each rate equals the number of persons who were exposed to risk of first use during the year, weighted by their estimated exposure time measured in years. For example, for the age group 12-17 in 1990, the denominator is the sum of three components:

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

(2)those who first used the drug in 1990 times a weight of .5. The weight of .5 assumes that these people, on average, first used the drug at midyear and consequently have a half year of exposure (i.e. the first half of the year.)

(3)those who never used, or those who first used the drug in 1991 or later, times a weight of one. The weight of one assumes their exposure to the risk of first use during 1990 was for the whole year.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (205A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 39.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Cocaine During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	*	*	**	0.6	**
1966	*	23.6	0.5	1.2	1.1
1967	*	*	0.6	0.5	**
1968	77	19.7	0.5	2.1	0.3
1969	180	18.3	1.5	5.1	0.3
1970	296	19.7	2.1	7.3	1.6
1971	343	19.4	4.2	6.8	1.0
1972	270	19.1	3.0	6.0	0.4
1973	477	20.2	4.1	11.2	1.6
1974	673	21.2	3.9	17.6	1.1
1975	808	21.7	4.0	17.4	6.0
1976	646	21.2	5.5	12.3	3.2
1977	950	21.5	4.7	22.6	4.4
1978	1041	21.1	7.6	20.9	5.0
1979	999	21.8	7.0	18.8	5.5
1980	1345	21.1	7.6	29.8	6.7
1981	1383	21.7	9.5	27.6	8.8
1982	1389	21.8	9.1	28.3	9.6
1983	1220	22.0	8.7	24.3	8.2
1984	1230	21.9	9.7	23.2	10.1
1985	1174	22.5	6.4	25.5	9.6
1986	1210	23.1	8.3	26.0	6.6
1987	961	22.6	7.5	20.7	6.1
1988	776	21.4	5.7	18.8	4.3
1989	762	21.9	6.5	17.2	4.7
1990	631	22.7	5.7	12.9	4.4
1991	480	21.4	4.0	11.7	2.2
1992	488	21.0	5.8	10.3	2.6
1993	553	22.4	5.9	11.8	2.4
1994²	537	21.7	7.7	10.0	1.5
1995³	653	19.5	9.3	14.3	2.2
1996⁴	675	18.7	11.3	14.8	1.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (209A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 40.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Any Inhalant During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	119	14.9	2.2	2.0	**
1966	93	18.8	3.1	**	**
1967	166	15.4	5.2	1.5	**
1968	160	16.9	2.6	2.6	0.7
1969	115	15.7	3.6	0.9	0.1
1970	201	18.0	5.1	1.7	**
1971	283	15.9	7.1	3.3	**
1972	274	19.3	4.3	2.7	2.9
1973	240	16.9	4.6	3.7	0.2
1974	341	19.1	6.0	3.9	0.2
1975	326	17.2	7.0	4.0	0.5
1976	435	18.7	7.8	5.7	1.0
1977	443	18.7	8.4	4.6	1.4
1978	558	18.2	9.6	8.3	1.0
1979	436	18.3	9.0	4.7	1.9
1980	485	17.9	9.6	6.4	0.5
1981	447	19.1	7.1	5.9	1.9
1982	391	17.9	7.7	5.0	0.9
1983	439	19.3	7.1	5.3	1.4
1984	384	17.9	8.7	3.9	1.6
1985	364	16.8	9.1	4.8	0.2
1986	365	17.0	9.3	4.4	0.6
1987	384	18.1	9.3	4.8	0.5
1988	462	18.8	10.9	5.3	1.5
1989	361	16.9	9.5	4.0	0.8
1990	385	16.5	10.1	4.5	0.7
1991	382	15.4	10.3	4.6	**
1992	460	16.7	12.2	6.4	0.4
1993	605	16.4	16.4	8.7	0.2
1994²	613	16.3	17.6	7.8	0.1
1995³	634	15.8	19.8	7.5	0.2
1996⁴	805	16.3	21.0	12.4	0.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (208A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 41.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Any Hallucinogen During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	99	19.0	0.8	3.6	**
1966	154	19.8	1.0	5.3	**
1967	174	16.5	3.4	3.4	**
1968	428	19.7	3.5	11.4	1.7
1969	547	17.9	9.7	10.6	0.7
1970	815	18.5	10.3	19.1	2.1
1971	915	18.4	15.5	17.4	2.3
1972	616	18.4	9.3	11.8	2.2
1973	581	18.1	10.5	10.4	0.8
1974	556	18.4	9.5	9.9	1.3
1975	756	19.1	10.0	15.9	1.0
1976	824	17.8	13.2	15.3	0.6
1977	671	19.7	8.5	11.5	3.6
1978	715	19.8	10.6	12.0	2.2
1979	710	18.7	8.9	14.2	2.2
1980	666	18.9	9.6	12.3	2.2
1981	652	19.2	10.8	10.8	1.6
1982	665	21.1	7.2	13.4	1.6
1983	637	19.1	9.2	13.5	0.4
1984	468	18.7	8.8	7.6	1.4
1985	508	19.2	6.9	10.8	1.2
1986	621	19.1	10.3	12.3	1.7
1987	589	19.5	9.6	11.7	1.5
1988	674	20.4	10.2	13.7	1.7
1989	625	18.6	10.8	13.9	1.0
1990	636	18.5	11.6	13.9	1.1
1991	634	18.5	11.7	14.3	0.6
1992	587	17.9	12.9	11.6	0.7
1993	738	18.2	14.0	15.2	1.7
1994²	876	18.0	18.9	16.9	1.4
1995³	1201	17.3	26.8	24.3	0.5
1996⁴	1094	17.2	25.8	21.2	0.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (207A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 42.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Heroin During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	*	*	**	0.5	**
1966	*	*	**	0.5	**
1967	*	*	0.2	0.3	0.9
1968	*	*	0.3	0.2	0.3
1969	93	17.0	2.3	1.2	0.1
1970	106	19.4	0.4	3.3	0.1
1971	137	18.0	1.5	3.3	**
1972	137	17.3	1.7	2.9	0.1
1973	70	18.6	1.1	1.3	**
1974	86	22.6	0.4	1.5	1.1
1975	83	19.0	0.3	2.4	**
1976	68	18.7	0.9	0.9	0.5
1977	104	21.8	0.8	1.6	1.1
1978	54	20.9	0.2	1.1	0.3
1979	66	21.0	0.6	1.2	0.3
1980	49	20.6	0.3	0.8	0.1
1981	62	20.6	0.4	1.3	0.2
1982	50	21.6	0.1	1.0	0.3
1983	67	25.1	0.4	1.0	0.1
1984	91	27.0	0.3	0.9	0.9
1985	39	23.3	0.1	0.9	0.2
1986	55	20.1	1.0	0.9	0.1
1987	53	20.5	0.3	1.3	0.1
1988	78	26.2	0.2	1.2	0.3
1989	55	24.3	0.5	0.9	0.3
1990	58	25.9	0.3	0.6	0.6
1991	53	23.5	0.4	0.7	0.6
1992	32	19.6	0.4	0.6	0.2
1993	61	20.2	1.1	0.7	0.4
1994²	93	19.5	1.5	1.5	0.4
1995³	117	19.4	2.2	2.2	0.2
1996⁴	171	18.1	3.9	2.3	0.4

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (203A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 43.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Alcohol During Each Year 1965-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	3121	17.7	63.5	181.0	21.0
1966	3663	17.7	66.5	224.0	43.5
1967	3734	17.5	76.3	224.9	35.3
1968	3768	18.0	76.6	208.1	49.7
1969	4231	17.7	90.7	238.9	51.2
1970	4022	17.3	89.6	240.9	32.4
1971	3638	17.5	72.8	233.1	40.6
1972	4488	16.9	103.8	257.4	33.6
1973	4420	17.0	103.5	251.1	36.5
1974	4425	17.3	105.8	253.5	34.5
1975	3988	17.0	91.8	254.4	21.7
1976	4060	16.8	102.2	238.3	19.2
1977	4575	17.5	120.7	249.0	41.4
1978	4512	16.9	124.3	244.0	37.7
1979	4048	17.3	117.2	219.0	25.1
1980	4074	17.3	117.0	241.5	25.9
1981	3627	16.6	111.1	216.1	19.4
1982	3627	17.1	110.8	202.5	34.5
1983	3600	16.8	116.5	199.0	22.0
1984	3509	16.9	111.2	196.8	30.8
1985	3335	16.6	116.6	187.5	25.3
1986	3640	17.0	121.9	210.2	39.1
1987	3285	17.1	113.1	190.6	18.6
1988	3373	17.1	115.9	188.4	31.9
1989	3071	16.3	112.7	167.5	20.2
1990	3431	16.7	119.0	204.4	17.9
1991	3477	16.7	119.1	214.3	28.5
1992	3595	16.5	132.9	208.7	23.6
1993²	3713	16.4	139.9	198.9	20.5
1994³	4150	17.2	152.8	214.9	30.1
1995⁴	4318	16.2	165.4	243.3	14.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (201A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 44.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used A Cigarette During Each Year 1965-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	2974	16.0	101.3	112.9	19.8
1966	2843	16.2	88.3	125.4	13.8
1967	3229	15.6	112.9	114.6	9.5
1968	3166	15.4	101.6	114.6	16.8
1969	3362	15.5	111.0	122.3	8.3
1970	3574	15.7	113.7	112.9	21.0
1971	3472	15.2	119.3	102.1	9.4
1972	3794	15.3	129.6	107.9	22.4
1973	3395	15.5	114.8	87.2	16.8
1974	3708	15.0	132.2	84.3	7.9
1975	3650	15.2	125.0	95.7	7.3
1976	3492	15.5	124.8	87.6	9.8
1977	3428	15.7	126.9	87.8	14.6
1978	3031	15.6	112.0	72.7	8.4
1979	2997	15.7	111.0	83.8	9.7
1980	2753	15.6	105.1	70.0	6.5
1981	2735	15.6	107.0	66.7	7.0
1982	2750	15.5	102.4	67.2	11.2
1983	2739	15.1	106.0	64.5	4.5
1984	2679	15.5	99.4	71.1	7.7
1985	2816	15.5	111.3	69.4	7.8
1986	2782	15.5	107.0	77.2	5.4
1987	2566	16.1	98.6	66.1	12.6
1988	2484	15.3	107.0	58.6	7.1
1989	2503	16.3	99.5	60.9	8.5
1990	2645	15.5	101.6	71.3	7.9
1991	2567	16.0	100.5	66.4	11.1
1992	2707	15.7	115.0	64.7	9.2
1993²	2897	16.1	121.4	70.1	6.7
1994³	3178	16.0	131.0	82.0	4.6
1995⁴	3263	15.6	139.1	85.8	7.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (202A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 45.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who Began Daily Cigarette Use During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Daily Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Daily Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs

			AGE-SPECIFIC RATE OF FIRST USE¹
YEAR	INITIATES (1000s)	MEAN AGE	12-17	18-25	26-34
1965	1606	17.9	44.0	106.2	7.9
1966	1716	17.9	42.6	117.0	6.0
1967	1741	18.7	48.1	100.8	14.8
1968	2268	18.5	49.7	155.2	6.4
1969	2055	18.0	57.1	116.4	18.0
1970	1910	17.3	52.5	101.9	6.5
1971	2175	18.0	58.0	117.9	15.0
1972	2004	17.9	57.7	95.4	25.4
1973	2276	17.9	65.3	106.5	25.6
1974	2403	18.9	66.2	109.2	23.7
1975	1811	18.4	49.4	87.1	14.5
1976	1976	18.1	54.8	93.1	17.6
1977	2284	18.4	66.8	108.0	12.9
1978	1984	18.3	59.6	88.1	14.4
1979	1955	19.0	54.7	92.5	16.7
1980	1704	18.7	51.6	81.7	10.5
1981	1757	19.1	56.4	73.3	14.1
1982	1586	18.7	49.2	73.3	11.9
1983	1527	18.3	43.8	73.9	13.3
1984	1547	18.4	52.3	65.4	11.1
1985	1497	18.7	50.2	66.2	10.8
1986	1561	18.0	56.7	69.5	10.0
1987	1482	18.4	51.8	68.0	10.4
1988	1384	18.5	51.2	60.8	11.4
1989	1436	18.7	53.8	61.4	7.1
1990	1503	18.3	57.8	63.6	13.9
1991	1464	18.1	57.6	58.0	13.3
1992	1651	18.2	61.9	69.1	11.9
1993	1578	18.8	58.7	60.0	12.6
1994²	1747	17.9	67.7	68.9	10.4
1995³	1797	17.8	71.8	62.3	11.3
1996⁴	1851	17.3	77.8	68.4	7.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

**Estimate rounds to zero.

(1)those persons 12-17 years old in 1990 who first used the drug in 1989 or earlier, times a weight of zero. The weight is zero since they had zero exposure to the risk of first use in 1990.

Each person is also weighted by his/her sample weight.

²Estimated using 1995, 1996 and 1997 data only.

³Estimated using 1996 and 1997 data only.

⁴Estimated using 1997 data only.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1997.

80529 (301B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1985-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 46.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1985-1997

Risk/Availability	1985	1988	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK

Cigarettes
Smoke one or more packs per day	56.8^b	62.3^b	63.4^b	63.5^b	64.1^b	65.5	66.3	--	68.1	67.4

Marijuana
Smoke once a month¹	39.8	47.6	42.9	40.3	42.8	42.5	40.4^b	--	44.1	43.4
Smoke once or twice a week¹	59.6	64.2^a	63.4	62.1	62.0	61.3	59.7	--	59.9	58.8

Cocaine
Use once a month¹	70.3^b	81.4	79.9	77.3	78.9	77.5	80.5^b	--	76.0^a	77.9
Use once or twice a week¹	89.7	92.5	92.1	91.8	92.0	92.0	92.1	--	90.0^b	92.8

Alcohol
Four or five drinks nearly every day	73.0^b	73.4^b	76.5	70.1^b	71.3^b	70.0^b	72.5^b	--	76.9	76.5
Five or more drinks once or twice a week	59.9^b	57.4^a	63.8^b	59.0^b	61.8^b	60.1^b	59.6^b	--	53.4	54.8

AVAILABILITY

Fairly or very easy to obtain
Marijuana	--	--	--	62.1	59.1	57.7	60.8	--	59.5	60.1
Cocaine	--	--	--	43.7^b	40.2	39.0	42.6^a	--	43.1	40.5
Crack	--	--	--	--	--	--	40.7	--	39.0	38.8
Heroin	--	--	--	28.3^b	26.5^b	25.5^b	31.1	--	32.4	30.9

Approached by someone selling drugs past month	--	--	--	--	9.2^b	8.7^b	6.2	--	6.6	6.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The population distributions for the 1993 through 1997 NHSDAs are post-stratified to population projections of totals based on the 1990 decennial census. NHSDAs from 1985 through 1992 used projections based on the 1980 census. The change from one census base to another has little effect on estimated percentages reporting drug use, but may have a significant effect on estimates of number of drug users in some subpopulation groups.

¹Estimates for 1985 through 1993 may differ from estimates for these survey years that were published in other NHSDA reports. The estimates shown here for 1985 through 1993 have been adjusted to improve their comparability with estimates based on the new version of the NHSDA instrument that was fielded in 1994 and subsequent NHSDAs. Because of the methodology used to adjust the 1985 through 1993 estimates, some logical inconsistency may exist between estimates for a given drug within the same survey year. These inconsistencies tend to be small, rare, and not statistically significant.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (302B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1985-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 47.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17: 1985-1997

Risk/Availability	1985	1988	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK

Cigarettes
Smoke one or more packs per day	45.2^b	47.1^b	48.1^b	48.3^b	48.7^b	51.3	51.7	--	54.0	53.6

Marijuana
Smoke once a month¹	28.9	34.3	40.4^b	38.0^b	38.7^b	37.4^a	32.9	--	32.6	30.9
Smoke once or twice a week¹	59.7	62.5^b	65.7^b	64.5^b	64.3^b	63.3^b	58.5^b	--	57.1^a	54.0

Cocaine
Use once a month¹	58.4	70.0^b	72.4^b	67.3^b	67.8^b	67.6^b	63.3^b	--	54.4	54.4
Use once or twice a week¹	83.0	85.6	86.3	85.4	84.8	84.3	84.0	--	81.4	82.4

Alcohol
Four or five drinks nearly every day	65.8	63.3	67.9	59.8^b	61.2^b	59.8^b	65.4	--	66.7	65.3
Five or more drinks once or twice a week	56.1^b	51.6^b	59.1^b	54.9^b	58.4^b	54.4^b	54.3^b	--	45.2	46.5

AVAILABILITY

Fairly or very easy to obtain
Marijuana	--	--	--	53.6^b	51.0^b	52.8^b	57.6	--	57.7	57.9
Cocaine	--	--	--	35.7^b	33.4^a	32.9	35.3^b	--	32.0	30.4
Crack	--	--	--	--	--	--	33.4^b	--	29.2	28.9
Heroin	--	--	--	23.1	22.4	21.3	25.3^b	--	22.8	21.4

Approached by someone selling drugs past month	--	--	--	--	13.4	14.4	13.0	--	14.9	14.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (306B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 48.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	54.0	53.6	62.1	61.3	68.8	68.3	71.8	70.9	68.1	67.4

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	51.9	51.7	60.2	59.0	66.4	64.8	70.7	69.6	67.0	65.9
Black	58.0	58.7	64.4	62.4	70.3	68.3	73.4	75.1	69.3	69.6
Hispanic	59.6	58.8	70.3	70.7	79.5	82.8	84.6	82.9	77.4	77.4
Other	55.7	51.1	58.5	62.2	71.2	79.2	*	62.8	63.8	64.4

SEX
Male	50.5	50.4	57.3	55.7	65.0	66.6	67.7	66.9	63.9	63.5
Female	57.5	57.0	67.0	66.9	72.4	70.0	75.4	74.4	72.1	71.1

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	54.6	56.1	66.0	63.9	72.8	72.3	72.4	73.2	69.9	70.1
Small Metro	54.9	51.5	61.7	62.3	67.6	67.8	73.6	72.7	69.0	68.3
Nonmetro	51.4	52.7	55.1	55.0	61.2	59.4	67.9	64.1	63.5	61.0

REGION
Northeast	55.5	53.8	62.1	64.9	72.3	68.6	74.0	73.4	70.7	69.9
North Central	51.5	48.6	58.0	55.3	62.4	60.1	66.2	66.7	62.8	62.1
South	51.1	54.0	60.4	59.4	68.3	68.6	72.9	70.9	68.2	67.2
West	60.2	58.2	68.7	68.5	73.1	76.7	74.2	72.8	71.6	71.3

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	53.3	53.6	63.1	67.7	74.7	69.0	69.6	66.3
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	57.8	58.3	62.6	59.6	67.3	66.5	65.1	64.1
Some College	N/A	N/A	67.2	66.6	72.9	68.5	70.1	73.6	70.1	71.2
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	75.8	69.8	75.2	78.7	77.2	75.8	76.6	76.1

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	60.4	60.0	68.2	67.7	69.5	69.8	68.0	68.1
Part-time	N/A	N/A	66.6	64.4	72.8	75.7	71.8	79.1	70.5	74.2
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	59.0^a	49.4	63.8	61.7	76.7	68.5	69.0	61.8
Other³	N/A	N/A	62.3	65.5	70.1	68.5	74.2	70.6	72.7	69.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (307B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 49.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	32.6	30.9	28.4	28.8	35.3	35.3	52.1	51.0	44.1	43.4

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	32.6^a	29.3	24.8	25.5	29.8	29.2	48.7	47.7	41.3	40.6
Black	31.6	35.3	32.0	33.6	41.1	43.9	62.2	60.8	49.4	49.9
Hispanic	33.7	35.2	40.5	41.3	54.2	57.4	67.6	68.1	54.9	56.4
Other	33.2	28.6	34.0	25.1	52.9	42.7	*	58.6	55.3	46.6

SEX
Male	31.7	30.2	24.5	24.3	29.6	29.6	45.8	44.6	38.6	37.7
Female	33.6	31.6	32.3	33.3	40.9	40.9	57.6	56.6	49.3	48.7

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	29.7	30.3	27.2	27.0	35.2	34.6	47.9	46.5	41.1	40.2
Small Metro	33.8^b	29.0	26.2	28.8	32.9	34.1	53.4	50.8	44.3	43.0
Nonmetro	35.6	35.0	34.3	31.8	39.6	39.5	57.9	58.7	49.7	50.0

REGION
Northeast	31.0	29.1	26.4	29.8	37.1	36.6	53.8	48.9	45.9	43.0
North Central	32.6	29.5	24.2	25.1	31.3	29.0	46.4	49.4	39.4	40.3
South	34.3	35.9	32.5	32.0	38.0	40.4	57.8	57.5	48.8	49.1
West	31.1^b	25.3	28.3	25.8	34.2	33.1	46.8	42.8	40.0	37.1

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	32.1	36.0	47.3	49.4	70.0	72.8	60.6	63.6
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	31.6	29.4	37.1	39.6	55.9	54.5	49.0	48.1
Some College	N/A	N/A	25.2	24.4	33.7	30.7	47.7	43.6	40.6	37.2
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	21.6	25.7	28.5	27.6	35.6	35.9	32.8	33.5

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	28.4	29.7	32.7	33.1	40.1	41.5	36.7	38.0
Part-time	N/A	N/A	24.6	27.2	37.7	34.3	46.8	47.7	38.7	39.3
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	25.9	27.0	31.7	34.4	48.1	41.9	38.4	36.2
Other³	N/A	N/A	33.6	29.1	46.2	46.8	68.3	65.0	62.9	59.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (308B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 50.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	57.1^a	54.0	46.0	46.1	52.3	52.8	65.6	64.1	59.9	58.8

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	60.0^b	55.2	42.8	43.4	47.8	47.5	63.4	61.8	58.2	56.8
Black	47.8	49.5	47.5	46.9	53.0	57.1	69.4	69.9	59.9	61.2
Hispanic	51.8	52.0	58.1	60.8	70.0	72.5	78.7	78.5	69.1	70.3
Other	58.4	55.0	52.7	40.6	69.5	64.9	77.6	67.1	69.6	61.1

SEX
Male	55.7^a	51.8	38.6	39.7	45.8	46.2	58.5	58.0	53.3	52.9
Female	58.7	56.2	53.4	52.6	58.4	59.2	71.9	69.3	66.0	64.3

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	55.6^a	51.2	44.9	43.7	52.0	53.0	63.2	60.9	58.0	56.3
Small Metro	56.4	54.3	43.3	47.3	50.8	51.2	67.0	63.3	60.0	58.3
Nonmetro	61.0	58.4	52.7	48.6	55.2	55.2	68.1	70.6	63.3	64.3

REGION
Northeast	54.1	54.1	46.2	49.4	51.5	54.7	64.8	62.7	59.6	59.1
North Central	58.7	53.7	42.7	41.6	50.0	49.6	66.9	64.5	60.0	57.6
South	59.0	57.2	49.4	48.7	55.5	55.7	68.9	68.9	63.1	62.8
West	54.6^a	48.8	44.4	43.5	50.3	50.1	59.3	56.2	54.9	52.7

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	43.6	48.7	57.9	61.5	77.6	77.6	69.3	70.7
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	49.0	47.4	51.4	52.9	70.3	66.8	63.7	61.3
Some College	N/A	N/A	45.1	42.0	51.4	52.0	63.0	61.4	57.2	55.7
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	44.2	49.4	51.0	49.1	51.5	52.8	50.7	51.8

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	47.1	46.3	50.3	51.2	56.0	56.2	53.4	53.7
Part-time	N/A	N/A	41.1	44.9	53.7	50.4	62.9	63.7	55.0	55.8
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	41.1	41.9	39.7	47.5	57.7	53.8	49.1	49.2
Other³	N/A	N/A	50.7	48.7	63.8	63.6	78.8	75.5	74.6	71.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (309B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 51.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Using Cocaine Once a Month, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	54.4	54.4	66.7^b	70.6	71.2^b	76.1	83.2	84.0	76.0^a	77.9

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	54.7	53.0	66.4	69.0	69.1^a	73.1	82.9	83.0	76.1	77.1
Black	58.6^b	64.8	73.3^a	77.7	77.0^b	83.9	86.2	89.3	78.7^b	83.2
Hispanic	50.2	52.6	63.0^b	71.8	76.5^b	83.1	86.2	89.4	74.7^b	79.8
Other	49.3	48.3	63.0	67.8	72.7	80.6	*	79.2	70.2	73.8

SEX
Male	55.5	55.0	62.8	66.3	66.5^b	72.4	80.8	79.6	73.1	73.9
Female	53.3	53.7	70.6^a	74.9	75.6^b	79.8	85.3	87.8	78.7^b	81.6

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	54.0	56.7	65.5	69.0	69.2^b	75.5	80.2	80.6	73.7	75.8
Small Metro	56.1	52.4	67.4	71.3	71.4	75.2	85.2	84.0	77.4	77.6
Nonmetro	52.6	53.4	67.8	72.2	75.3	79.2	85.8	89.9	78.3	82.2

REGION
Northeast	54.9	53.5	65.5^a	73.2	72.6	77.0	82.8	83.7	76.7	78.7
North Central	53.1	52.9	62.8	66.0	67.5^b	75.1	83.1	83.3	74.5	76.3
South	56.3	58.4	70.7^a	75.4	75.4^a	79.5	86.2	87.1	79.3	81.3
West	52.6	49.8	65.6	64.3	67.4	71.1	78.4	79.3	71.7	72.8

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	65.8	70.9	74.8^b	83.4	90.0	92.2	83.9^a	87.6
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	67.6	69.7	70.6^b	79.1	84.5	86.2	79.6^a	82.4
Some College	N/A	N/A	66.2	70.1	73.2	73.9	83.2	81.7	77.9	77.9
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	66.9	74.2	68.2	71.0	75.7	76.9	73.2	75.5

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	67.6^b	72.8	70.0^b	75.2	79.5	80.9	75.6^a	78.5
Part-time	N/A	N/A	65.9	66.3	73.6	74.3	84.6	86.0	77.3	78.2
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	62.6	67.2	64.6	74.5	84.1	81.6	73.8	76.1
Other³	N/A	N/A	67.0	71.5	76.8^a	82.1	87.4	87.8	84.4	85.7

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (310B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 52.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Using Cocaine Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	81.4	82.4	86.9^b	90.8	88.4^b	92.9	92.7^b	94.9	90.0^b	92.8

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	83.5	84.2	88.1^b	91.9	88.1^b	92.9	92.9^b	95.2	90.7^b	93.4
Black	78.4	80.7	86.3	89.7	86.4^b	90.6	91.9	94.3	88.1^b	91.1
Hispanic	75.0	76.4	83.5^b	88.8	90.5^b	94.2	94.2	95.3	88.7^b	91.3
Other	78.1	79.6	80.7	*	91.9	95.7	87.3	89.4	86.1	88.8

SEX
Male	81.1	82.6	83.4^b	88.4	85.3^b	90.4	90.9^a	93.6	87.8^b	91.1
Female	81.7	82.3	90.3^b	93.3	91.3^b	95.3	94.3	96.0	92.0^b	94.2

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	81.2	82.4	86.2^a	90.1	88.7^b	93.1	91.7^a	94.1	89.4^b	92.2
Small Metro	82.2	82.3	87.6^b	91.9	86.7^b	92.1	93.5	94.9	90.3^b	92.7
Nonmetro	80.6	82.7	87.0	90.5	90.4	94.0	93.3	96.3	90.7^a	93.8

REGION
Northeast	80.7	84.6	89.7	90.5	89.3	93.0	93.5	94.7	91.2	93.0
North Central	82.4	80.8	85.9^b	92.2	86.7^b	93.1	93.6	94.9	90.2^a	92.7
South	82.2	83.6	87.2^b	91.4	89.2^b	93.6	93.3^b	96.3	90.6^b	93.9
West	79.6	80.6	85.4	88.7	88.1	91.5	89.7	92.7	87.7^a	90.7

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	82.8^a	87.1	86.3^b	91.9	93.9	96.0	91.0^b	94.0
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	85.6^b	90.8	86.8^b	91.6	92.3	94.8	90.3^b	93.6
Some College	N/A	N/A	88.6^a	92.3	90.4^a	93.5	93.9	94.0	92.2	93.5
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	92.3	93.7	89.6^b	94.4	91.2^a	95.0	91.0^b	94.8

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	87.0^b	91.6	88.2^b	93.0	91.0^b	94.7	89.8^b	93.9
Part-time	N/A	N/A	87.5	90.2	88.7	91.5	93.5	96.1	90.9^a	93.6
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	86.6	86.5	82.8	89.2	92.1	*	88.5	89.3
Other³	N/A	N/A	86.0^b	91.4	91.0^b	94.9	94.6	95.3	93.4	94.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (311B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 53.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Four or Five Drinks Nearly Every Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	66.7	65.3	68.6	68.4	75.9	76.3	80.8	80.2	76.9	76.5

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	67.2	65.9	67.0	67.1	74.7	74.4	80.4	79.1	76.7	75.7
Black	66.3	68.9	71.6	68.7	75.1	75.7	80.2	83.1	76.0	77.6
Hispanic	63.3	60.6	73.7	74.0	80.5	84.4	83.3	87.1	78.1	80.5
Other	70.3	*	68.3	69.7	82.7	81.9	84.9	82.0	80.1	77.3

SEX
Male	62.7	60.7	59.6	61.1	70.3	71.2	74.5	74.3	70.5	70.5
Female	71.0	70.1	77.6	75.9	81.3	81.2	86.2	85.3	82.8	82.0

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	68.4	67.5	71.6	70.6	79.1	79.7	82.2	81.3	78.9	78.2
Small Metro	67.8	64.6	68.4	70.4	73.8	73.5	81.4	78.9	77.0	75.4
Nonmetro	62.1	62.6	63.1	61.4	71.8	72.4	77.2	80.4	72.9	74.9

REGION
Northeast	69.5	70.0	74.5	71.9	77.8	77.9	81.5	80.5	79.0	78.1
North Central	64.4	61.4	65.9	63.5	72.1	71.3	77.9	78.6	73.8	73.5
South	65.5	65.5	65.5	67.4	76.3	76.3	82.2	80.5	77.3	76.5
West	69.2	65.4	71.8	73.2	77.5	80.5	81.0	81.0	77.7	78.2

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	59.5	62.2	72.9	74.8	79.9	79.9	75.7	76.4
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	67.0	66.3	70.8	70.5	78.0	79.9	75.1	76.2
Some College	N/A	N/A	73.5	71.5	79.6	78.0	82.6	82.2	80.2	79.3
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	76.2	78.5	79.9	82.1	84.0	79.1	82.4	79.7

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	66.3	67.1	75.1	74.7	78.0	77.7	75.7	75.6
Part-time	N/A	N/A	72.6	70.7	79.6	79.1	83.1	82.3	79.4	78.3
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	60.0	62.9	65.5	74.3	79.9	73.4	71.3	70.7
Other³	N/A	N/A	72.6	71.2	80.3	82.3	83.7	83.6	82.3	82.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (312B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 54.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Five or More Drinks Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	45.2	46.5	40.0	42.7	47.6	47.8	59.4	60.6	53.4	54.8

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	42.8	44.1	34.6	36.6	42.2	41.3	57.3	58.1	50.9	51.7
Black	50.4	53.6	53.8	56.0	56.3	60.7	62.8^b	71.5	58.5^b	64.7
Hispanic	49.3	48.6	52.9	57.7	64.1	66.9	70.4	75.1	62.8^a	66.6
Other	52.0	53.3	38.9	46.7	62.0	*	*	56.5	62.7	54.5

SEX
Male	42.0	42.5	32.7	35.9	41.0	39.7	53.5	52.9	47.2	47.2
Female	48.5	50.7	47.3	49.6	53.9	55.8	64.6	67.4	59.0^a	61.7

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	45.2	47.6	41.7^a	46.7	48.0	49.2	59.2	59.6	53.5	54.8
Small Metro	46.5	45.8	39.0	40.6	45.1	45.9	61.3	60.7	54.1	54.2
Nonmetro	43.0	45.7	38.3	39.0	50.6	47.6	56.7	62.4	52.0	55.5

REGION
Northeast	44.7	48.4	40.8	41.8	49.1	47.1	57.5	60.5	53.1	55.2
North Central	42.1	42.7	33.9	34.7	43.1	39.9	54.3	59.3	48.4	50.8
South	46.2	49.1	42.6	44.6	49.1	51.9	63.1	61.2	56.3	56.2
West	47.4	44.7	41.8^a	48.2	48.8	50.5	60.9	61.2	54.4	56.0

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	43.2	47.9	55.0	58.7	69.0	70.6	62.9	65.4
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	42.0	42.6	46.5	48.3	56.3	60.8	52.5	55.8
Some College	N/A	N/A	38.7	38.1	51.5^a	45.5	56.0	58.8	51.7	52.1
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	32.9^b	46.8	41.8	43.9	58.6	54.3	52.6	51.7

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	37.1	41.2	43.9	44.2	53.8	55.0	49.1	50.7
Part-time	N/A	N/A	39.1	42.8	52.9	51.3	61.4	61.6	53.5	54.3
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	40.6	47.0	49.1	51.6	61.5	53.9	52.9	51.5
Other³	N/A	N/A	47.2	44.2	59.9	60.8	65.5	68.5	63.2	65.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged > 18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

^aDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between 1996 and 1997 is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (403B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 55.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)

	TIME PERIOD (Population)
	Lifetime				Past Year				Past Month
Drug	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.
Any Illicit Drug¹	38.9	42.8	35.4	35.9	14.3	14.4	10.8	11.2	8.3	8.4	6.1	6.4

Marijuana and Hashish	34.3	38.0	33.0	33.2	10.4	10.7	8.7	9.0	6.0	6.1	5.0	5.1
Cocaine	13.7	15.2	9.9	10.4	2.3	2.9	1.8	1.9	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.7
Crack	2.5	3.4	1.9	2.0	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inhalants	6.8	9.3	5.6	5.8	1.3	2.3	1.0	1.1	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.4
Hallucinogens	11.1	13.7	9.6	9.8	2.1	3.3	2.0	2.0	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.9
PCP	4.4	4.5	3.0	3.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	*	0.1	0.1	0.1
LSD	8.9	10.9	7.9	8.0	0.7	1.7	0.9	0.9	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.2
Heroin	1.8	2.0	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	12.0	15.0	8.5	9.0	4.2	4.8	2.7	2.9	2.3	2.3	1.1	1.2
Stimulants	6.3	7.8	4.4	4.7	1.6	2.0	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.2	0.3
Sedatives	2.6	3.1	1.8	1.9	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	4.0	5.2	3.0	3.2	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.1	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4
Analgesics	6.9	9.7	4.5	4.9	2.9	3.2	1.8	2.0	1.2	1.4	0.7	0.7

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	23.6	27.0	18.3	19.1	7.4	9.0	5.3	5.6	4.0	4.2	2.4	2.6

Alcohol	76.7	86.0	82.2	81.6	61.5	66.1	64.2	63.9	49.5	54.6	51.0	50.9
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	12.4	17.5	15.8	15.4
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	4.9	7.5	5.8	5.7

Cigarettes	63.0	74.4	71.2	70.3	26.4	34.1	33.2	32.4	23.0	30.1	30.2	29.3

Smokeless Tobacco	9.9	18.8	18.1	17.2	1.9	4.1	5.1	4.7	1.0	2.4	3.6	3.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The estimates in this table are based on data from quarters 2-4 of the 1997 NHSDA survey, and may differ from estimates presented in other tables which are based on data from

all 4 quarters.

Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1997 (Q2-Q4).

80529 (404B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 56.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)

	TIME PERIOD (Population)
	Lifetime				Past Year				Past Month
Drug	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.
Any Illicit Drug¹	24.5	35.5	24.7	24.9	18.3	28.8	19.4	19.4	9.1	16.8	11.9	11.7

Marijuana and Hashish	19.4	28.9	19.7	19.8	15.3	23.8	16.4	16.4	6.6	13.1	9.9	9.6
Cocaine	2.2	5.9	3.1	3.0	1.6	4.5	2.3	2.3	0.7	1.9	1.1	1.1
Crack	0.8	2.3	1.4	1.3	0.6	1.8	0.9	0.8	0.3	1.0	0.5	0.5
Inhalants	5.2	12.6	7.5	7.4	3.4	7.3	4.8	4.6	1.2	2.9	2.2	2.1
Hallucinogens	5.9	11.3	7.3	7.2	4.0	8.2	5.3	5.2	1.4	3.3	2.4	2.3
PCP	0.8	2.2	1.6	1.5	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.4	0.2	0.2
LSD	3.8	8.1	5.8	5.6	1.9	5.2	3.3	3.2	0.3	1.4	0.9	0.9
Heroin	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	8.3	11.8	7.1	7.3	5.0	7.8	5.3	5.3	2.6	3.1	1.8	1.9
Stimulants	2.7	4.7	2.3	2.4	1.5	2.8	1.7	1.7	0.9	1.1	0.5	0.6
Sedatives	1.3	1.6	0.8	0.9	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	1.6	2.5	2.4	2.3	0.7	1.7	1.7	1.5	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.5
Analgesics	6.9	9.1	5.1	5.4	4.2	5.9	3.7	3.8	2.2	1.9	1.2	1.3

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	14.3	23.1	15.0	15.0	9.0	16.9	10.8	10.7	5.0	8.2	5.6	5.6

Alcohol	37.8	45.9	40.1	40.0	30.1	39.4	34.9	34.4	17.4	23.7	21.5	21.0
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	6.3	11.0	9.0	8.7
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	2.8	4.7	3.3	3.3

Cigarettes	30.2	43.8	40.1	39.0	19.6	29.4	27.4	26.5	13.7	22.6	20.9	20.1

Smokeless Tobacco	5.3	9.9	10.0	9.5	2.1	3.9	4.8	4.5	0.9	1.6	1.8	1.7

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The estimates in this table are based on data from quarters 2-4 of the 1997 NHSDA survey, and may differ from estimates presented in other tables which are based on data from

all 4 quarters.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1997 (Q2-Q4).

80529 (408B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 57.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 18 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)

	TIME PERIOD (Population)
	Lifetime				Past Year				Past Month
Drug	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.
Any Illicit Drug¹	40.6	43.7	36.6	37.2	13.8	12.6	9.8	10.3	8.2	7.3	5.4	5.8

Marijuana and Hashish	36.0	39.2	34.5	34.8	9.9	9.1	7.8	8.1	5.9	5.3	4.4	4.6
Cocaine	15.1	16.4	10.7	11.3	2.3	2.7	1.7	1.8	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.6
Crack	2.7	3.6	2.0	2.1	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	7.0	8.9	5.4	5.7	1.1	1.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	11.7	14.0	9.9	10.1	1.9	2.7	1.6	1.6	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.7
PCP	4.8	4.8	3.1	3.3	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
LSD	9.5	11.2	8.1	8.3	0.6	1.2	0.7	0.7	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.2
Heroin	2.0	2.2	0.8	1.0	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	12.5	15.4	8.7	9.2	4.1	4.4	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.2	1.0	1.1
Stimulants	6.7	8.2	4.7	5.0	1.6	1.9	0.5	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.2	0.3
Sedatives	2.8	3.3	1.9	2.0	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	4.2	5.5	3.1	3.3	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.4
Analgesics	6.9	9.8	4.5	4.8	2.7	2.9	1.6	1.8	1.1	1.3	0.6	0.7

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	24.7	27.5	18.7	19.6	7.2	7.9	4.7	5.0	3.9	3.7	2.0	2.3

Alcohol	81.3	91.0	87.0	86.4	65.3	69.5	67.6	67.3	53.4	58.5	54.4	54.3
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	13.2	18.3	16.5	16.2
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	5.1	7.9	6.0	6.0

Cigarettes	66.9	78.2	74.8	73.9	27.2	34.7	33.9	33.1	24.1	31.0	31.2	30.4

Smokeless Tobacco	10.4	19.9	19.0	18.1	1.8	4.1	5.2	4.8	1.0	2.5	3.8	3.5

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The estimates in this table are based on data from quarters 2-4 of the 1997 NHSDA survey, and may differ from estimates presented in other tables which are based on data from

all 4 quarters.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1997 (Q2-Q4).

80529 (409B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 58.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)

	POPULATION
Risk/Availability	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.

PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK

Cigarettes
Smoke one or more packs per day	76.0	68.0	66.5	67.6

Marijuana
Smoke once a month	37.6	39.9	44.3	43.5
Smoke once or twice a week	53.8	55.7	60.0	59.2

Cocaine
Use once a month	74.5	74.2	78.2	77.7
Use once or twice a week	91.2	91.3	92.8	92.6

Alcohol
Four or five drinks nearly every day	78.0	74.7	76.2	76.3
Five or more drinks once or twice a week	57.6	54.3	55.1	55.3

AVAILABILITY

Fairly or very easy to obtain
Marijuana	56.8	60.5	60.9	60.4
Cocaine	35.7	41.8	41.1	40.5
Crack	33.6	38.3	39.8	39.0
Heroin	27.9	31.5	31.5	31.1

Approached by someone selling drugs past month	9.1	8.5	6.6	6.9

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE:The estimates in this table are based on data from quarters 2-4 of the 1997 NHSDA survey, and may differ from estimates presented in other tables which are based on data from

all 4 quarters.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1997 (Q2-Q4).

80529 (410B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 59.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)

	POPULATION
Risk/Availability	California	Arizona	U.S. Excluding CA & AZ	Total U.S.

PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK

Cigarettes
Smoke one or more packs per day	63.3	54.2	52.2	53.5

Marijuana
Smoke once a month	30.7	24.9	31.3	31.1
Smoke once or twice a week	50.7	46.6	54.3	53.7

Cocaine
Use once a month	55.3	47.5	54.6	54.5
Use once or twice a week	82.3	80.0	82.2	82.2

Alcohol
Four or five drinks nearly every day	68.1	59.8	65.2	65.4
Five or more drinks once or twice a week	46.7	42.4	45.9	45.9

AVAILABILITY

Fairly or very easy to obtain
Marijuana	53.3	64.4	58.8	58.2
Cocaine	26.6	37.2	29.8	29.6
Crack	25.8	34.8	28.3	28.1
Heroin	19.4	26.3	20.9	20.8

Approached by someone selling drugs past month	18.3	21.1	14.0	14.6

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

NOTE:The estimates in this table are based on data from quarters 2-4 of the 1997 NHSDA survey, and may differ from estimates presented in other tables which are based on data from

all 4 quarters.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1997 (Q2-Q4).

80529 (445B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 60.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California: 1994-1997

Drug	1994	1995	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	6.7	6.6	7.8	7.9

Marijuana and Hashish	5.1	5.2	6.0	5.9
Cocaine	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.8
Crack	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Inhalants	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.7
Hallucinogens	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.7
PCP	*	0.0	0.0	*
LSD	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	1.6	1.4	1.7	2.2
Stimulants	0.6	0.7	0.4^a	1.0
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5
Analgesics	1.0	0.6	0.8	1.1

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.8

Alcohol	55.3	51.6	51.1	51.4
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	14.5	15.5	14.6	12.6
Heavy Alcohol Use³	4.0	5.3	5.1	5.0

Cigarettes	23.7	22.7	25.0	24.8

Smokeless Tobacco	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.1

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The 1994-1996 NHSDA samples were not designed to produce fully representative California estimates. However, the size and coverage (appproximately 95% of the California

population) of the 1994-1996 samples were sufficient to provide reasonably accurate prevalence estimates for California. Although the sample weights associated with 1994-1996

NHSDA respondents from California were not post-stratified to California population projections, analyses of the NHSDA data revealed this lack of post-stratification has little

effect on estimated percentages of reported drug use. However, it may have a significant effect on estimates of totals within certain subgroups.

¹Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (446B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 61.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California: 1994-1997

Drug	1994	1995	1996	1997
Any Illicit Drug¹	9.4	9.2	11.3	9.8

Marijuana and Hashish	7.3	6.5	9.2	6.8
Cocaine	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.7
Crack	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inhalants	1.1	2.6	0.8	1.9
Hallucinogens	1.4	1.9	2.4	1.4
PCP	*	0.1	*	0.0
LSD	1.0	0.8	1.1	0.6
Heroin	*	0.4	*	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	2.6	1.5	2.3	3.2
Stimulants	1.0	0.5	0.6	1.3
Sedatives	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.3	0.6	*	0.4
Analgesics	1.8	1.2	2.1	2.5

Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana¹	4.6	5.1	4.9	5.4

Alcohol	20.6	14.6	16.2	17.4
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	7.6	2.8^b	6.1	6.7
Heavy Alcohol Use³	2.0	0.5^b	1.6	3.3

Cigarettes	13.6	12.1	15.0	13.7

Smokeless Tobacco	1.1	0.2^a	0.3	0.9