Section 8 PE Tables – Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, Sections 1

200623

Table 8.1A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	46,632	47,635	18,065	18,308	28,567	29,327
18-25	8,849	8,944	3,409	3,526	5,439	5,419
18-20	3,186	3,262	1,302	1,280	1,883	1,982
21-25	5,663	5,682	2,107	2,245	3,556	3,437
26 or Older	37,783	38,691	14,656	14,782	23,127	23,908
26-49	22,256	22,721	8,904	9,037	13,352	13,684
26-29	4,641	4,857	1,818	2,041	2,824	2,817
30-34	5,206^a	5,756	2,363	2,352	2,844^a	3,404
35-39	4,460	4,848	1,649^a	2,025	2,812	2,822
40-44	4,017	3,731	1,538	1,444	2,479	2,287
45-49	3,931	3,530	1,537^a	1,176	2,394	2,354
50 or Older	15,527	15,969	5,752	5,745	9,775	10,224
50-54	3,701	3,438	1,426	1,483	2,275	1,955
55-59	3,659	3,591	1,426	1,347	2,233	2,244
60-64	2,712	2,881	1,071	971	1,642	1,910
65 or Older	5,455	6,059	1,829	1,943	3,626	4,116
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

200623

Table 8.1B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	18.9	19.1	15.1	15.2	22.3	22.8
18-25	25.8	26.3	19.8	20.6	31.9	32.0
18-20	24.7	25.0	19.2	18.6	30.8	32.2
21-25	26.4	27.1	20.1	22.1	32.4	31.8
26 or Older	17.8	18.0	14.4	14.3	20.9	21.4
26-49	22.2	22.5	18.0	18.1	26.2	26.8
26-29	25.9	27.2	20.9	22.8	30.6	31.7
30-34	24.1	25.9	21.6	21.5	26.6^a	30.3
35-39	21.4	22.1	16.1^a	18.9	26.5	25.2
40-44	20.3	19.1	16.0	14.8	24.3	23.3
45-49	19.5	18.2	15.4^a	12.5	23.6	23.6
50 or Older	13.8	14.0	10.9	10.8	16.3	16.9
50-54	17.6	16.7	14.6	14.8	20.2	18.5
55-59	16.7	16.5	13.6	13.4	19.6	19.2
60-64	13.6	14.1	10.5	9.5	16.7	18.8
65 or Older	11.0	11.8	8.2	8.5	13.2	14.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.2A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	46,632	47,635	8,849	8,944	37,783	38,691	22,256	22,721	15,527	15,969
GENDER
Male	18,065	18,308	3,409	3,526	14,656	14,782	8,904	9,037	5,752	5,745
Female	28,567	29,327	5,439	5,419	23,127	23,908	13,352	13,684	9,775	10,224
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	40,603	40,785	7,187	7,318	33,417	33,466	19,086	19,116	14,331	14,350
White	32,183	32,210	5,302	5,464	26,881	26,746	14,930	15,033	11,951	11,714
Black or African American	4,782	4,802	986	967	3,796	3,835	2,327	2,156	1,469	1,679
AIAN	246	333	50	50	196	282	125	160	70	*
NHOPI	193	198	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	2,000	2,081	521	537	1,480	1,544	1,110	1,196	369	348
Two or More Races	1,198	1,160	305	278	893	882	481	433	412	449
Hispanic or Latino	6,028^a	6,850	1,662	1,626	4,366^a	5,224	3,170^a	3,605	1,196	1,619
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	20,878	21,805	3,474	3,634	17,404	18,171	13,010	13,365	4,394	4,806
Part-Time	7,115	7,101	2,510	2,559	4,605	4,542	2,956	2,893	1,650	1,648
Unemployed	2,825	2,756	896	864	1,929	1,892	1,394	1,366	535	526
Other¹	15,813	15,972	1,969	1,887	13,844	14,085	4,896	5,096	8,948	8,989
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.2B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	18.9	19.1	25.8	26.3	17.8	18.0	22.2	22.5	13.8	14.0
GENDER
Male	15.1	15.2	19.8	20.6	14.4	14.3	18.0	18.1	10.9	10.8
Female	22.3	22.8	31.9	32.0	20.9	21.4	26.2	26.8	16.3	16.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	19.6	19.6	26.9	27.7	18.5	18.4	23.8	23.7	14.3	14.2
White	20.4	20.4	28.6	29.9	19.3	19.2	25.9	26.1	14.7	14.3
Black or African American	16.2	16.2	20.4	20.4	15.4	15.4	18.3	16.8	12.3	14.0
AIAN	18.9	22.1	23.2	22.6	18.1	22.0	21.4	26.1	14.2	*
NHOPI	19.4	21.1	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	14.5	14.7	24.3	23.7	12.7	13.0	15.4	16.0	8.2	7.8
Two or More Races	28.6	26.8	35.1	37.0	26.9	24.6	31.6	29.2	22.9	21.4
Hispanic or Latino	15.2^a	16.9	21.9	21.3	13.6^a	15.9	15.7	17.6	10.0	13.0
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	17.0	17.6	24.1	25.0	16.0	16.7	19.3	19.6	10.6	11.7
Part-Time	22.1	22.0	29.1	29.5	19.6	19.3	26.8	26.6	13.2	13.0
Unemployed	26.6	27.6	25.7	27.9	27.0	27.4	29.4	29.2	22.4	23.7
Other¹	19.4	19.3	25.3	24.5	18.8	18.7	28.5	29.4	15.9	15.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.3A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	46,632	47,635	8,849	8,944	37,783	38,691	22,256	22,721	15,527	15,969
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	7,920	8,291	1,481	1,616	6,439	6,675	3,564	3,885	2,875	2,790
Midwest	10,230	10,329	2,035	2,029	8,195	8,300	4,805	4,787	3,390	3,513
South	16,847	16,946	3,038	3,016	13,808	13,930	8,242	8,080	5,567	5,850
West	11,634	12,068	2,294	2,283	9,340	9,785	5,645	5,969	3,695	3,816
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	25,223	25,715	4,968	4,963	20,255	20,752	12,576	12,714	7,679	8,038
Small Metro	14,626	15,312	2,781	2,856	11,845	12,456	6,736	7,133	5,108	5,323
Nonmetro	6,782	6,608	1,099	1,125	5,683	5,483	2,944	2,874	2,739	2,608
Urbanized	2,973	3,153	562	545	2,410	2,608	1,321	1,435	1,089	1,173
Less Urbanized	3,214	2,820	481	508	2,732^a	2,312	1,367	1,207	1,365	1,105
Completely Rural	596	635	56	73	541	562	256	232	285	331
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	8,766	9,094	2,129	2,163	6,637	6,931	3,811	3,951	2,826	2,981
100-199%	10,136	10,091	2,165	2,126	7,971	7,966	4,532	4,573	3,438	3,392
200% or More	27,528	28,246	4,353	4,452	23,175	23,794	13,913	14,197	9,262	9,596
EDUCATION
< High School	5,320	5,628	936	970	4,384	4,658	2,142	1,993	2,242	2,665
High School Graduate	10,343	11,110	2,413	2,393	7,929	8,717	3,950^a	4,463	3,980	4,254
Some College/Associate's Degree	16,525	17,171	4,150	4,092	12,375	13,079	7,678	8,145	4,697	4,935
College Graduate	14,444	13,725	1,349	1,489	13,095	12,236	8,486	8,121	4,609	4,115
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	27,933	28,245	5,529	5,655	22,404	22,590	13,257	13,379	9,147	9,212
Medicaid/CHIP	10,090	10,410	1,932	1,906	8,158	8,504	5,053	5,033	3,104	3,471
Other³	10,845	11,142	662	577	10,184	10,564	2,195	2,446	7,989	8,119
No Coverage	4,901	5,371	1,042	1,110	3,859	4,260	3,025	3,325	834	935
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.3B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	18.9	19.1	25.8	26.3	17.8	18.0	22.2	22.5	13.8	14.0
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	18.0	18.9	24.7	27.5	16.9	17.6	20.6	22.7	13.9	13.4
Midwest	19.8	19.9	27.8	28.0	18.5	18.6	23.7	23.5	14.0	14.4
South	18.1	18.0	23.8	23.6	17.2	17.1	21.7	21.1	13.2	13.6
West	19.9	20.4	27.9	28.0	18.6	19.2	22.7	23.7	14.5	14.8
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	18.2	18.6	25.7	26.1	17.0	17.3	21.0	21.3	12.9	13.4
Small Metro	20.1	20.6	26.2	26.8	19.0	19.6	24.2	24.5	14.8	15.4
Nonmetro	19.1	18.4	25.1	25.7	18.2	17.4	23.1	23.5	14.8	13.5
Urbanized	19.5	19.4	27.3	28.2	18.2	18.3	23.7	25.7	14.3	13.5
Less Urbanized	18.7	17.2	23.5	24.2	18.1	16.2	22.3	21.2	15.2	12.9
Completely Rural	19.1	18.9	20.3	21.3	19.0	18.7	24.8	24.8	15.7	15.9
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	25.6	26.3	25.2	25.9	25.8	26.5	26.2	27.2	25.2	25.6
100-199%	20.8	20.5	26.2	25.8	19.7	19.4	23.7	23.7	16.2	15.6
200% or More	16.8	17.2	25.8	26.7	15.8	16.1	20.9	21.2	11.6	11.9
EDUCATION
< High School	17.3	18.2	20.3	20.6	16.8	17.8	19.2	17.6	15.0	17.9
High School Graduate	17.3	18.0	23.2	23.0	16.1	17.0	19.2^a	21.3	13.8	14.1
Some College/Associate's Degree	21.5	22.3	29.4	30.3	19.7	20.6	25.1	26.3	14.6	15.1
College Graduate	18.1	17.3	26.1	27.4	17.6	16.6	22.4	21.5	12.6	11.4
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	16.9	17.1	26.5	27.6	15.5	15.6	19.9	19.9	11.8	11.8
Medicaid/CHIP	27.9	28.3	26.0	26.3	28.4	28.8	30.8	31.4	25.3	25.6
Other³	16.0	16.3	26.1	22.5	15.6	16.1	28.6	31.4	13.9	14.0
No Coverage	20.9	21.8	22.4	23.1	20.6	21.5	22.0	23.1	16.8	17.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

200623

Table 8.4A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	11,190	11,373	3,883	4,025	7,307	7,348
18-25	2,566	2,619	906	917	1,659	1,701
18-20	983	912	358	287	625	625
21-25	1,582	1,706	548	630	1,034	1,076
26 or Older	8,625	8,755	2,977	3,108	5,648	5,647
26-49	5,580	5,907	1,870^a	2,216	3,710	3,691
26-29	1,195	1,432	347^a	567	848	865
30-34	1,260	1,489	474	568	786	921
35-39	1,047	1,135	333	456	714	679
40-44	1,093	884	367	314	726	570
45-49	986	966	349	311	636	656
50 or Older	3,044	2,848	1,107	892	1,938	1,956
50-54	843	858	349	276	494	582
55-59	951	809	404	304	547	505
60-64	506	511	178	116	328	394
65 or Older	745	670	175	196	569	474
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

200623

Table 8.4B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	4.5	4.6	3.3	3.4	5.7	5.7
18-25	7.5	7.7	5.3	5.4	9.7	10.0
18-20	7.6	7.0	5.3	4.2	10.2	10.1
21-25	7.4	8.1	5.2	6.2	9.4	10.0
26 or Older	4.1	4.1	2.9	3.0	5.1	5.1
26-49	5.6	5.9	3.8^a	4.4	7.3	7.2
26-29	6.7^a	8.0	4.0^a	6.3	9.2	9.7
30-34	5.8	6.7	4.3	5.2	7.4	8.2
35-39	5.0	5.2	3.3	4.3	6.7	6.1
40-44	5.5	4.5	3.8	3.2	7.1	5.8
45-49	4.9	5.0	3.5	3.3	6.3	6.6
50 or Older	2.7	2.5	2.1	1.7	3.2	3.2
50-54	4.0	4.2	3.6	2.8	4.4	5.5
55-59	4.3	3.7	3.9	3.0	4.8	4.3
60-64	2.5	2.5	1.8	1.1	3.3	3.9
65 or Older	1.5	1.3	0.8	0.9	2.1	1.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.5A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	11,190	11,373	2,566	2,619	8,625	8,755	5,580	5,907	3,044	2,848
GENDER
Male	3,883	4,025	906	917	2,977	3,108	1,870^a	2,216	1,107	892
Female	7,307	7,348	1,659	1,701	5,648	5,647	3,710	3,691	1,938	1,956
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9,935	9,902	2,135	2,133	7,800	7,770	4,925	5,102	2,875	2,667
White	8,127	8,076	1,621	1,661	6,505	6,415	3,975	4,155	2,530	2,260
Black or African American	1,023	1,077	221	213	802	864	592	572	210	292
AIAN	66	97	13	14	53	83	42	52	12	*
NHOPI	48	43	*	*	40	38	31	*	*	*
Asian	333	303	158	132	175	171	154	166	21	5
Two or More Races	338	307	114	109	224	198	130	132	94	67
Hispanic or Latino	1,255	1,471	430	486	825	985	655	804	170	181
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4,506	4,818	988	1,104	3,518	3,713	2,788	2,878	730	835
Part-Time	1,800	1,866	737	735	1,063	1,131	820	885	242	247
Unemployed	801	789	263	287	538	502	381	406	157	96
Other¹	4,083	3,900	577	493	3,506	3,408	1,591	1,738	1,915	1,670
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.5B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	4.5	4.6	7.5	7.7	4.1	4.1	5.6	5.9	2.7	2.5
GENDER
Male	3.3	3.4	5.3	5.4	2.9	3.0	3.8^a	4.4	2.1	1.7
Female	5.7	5.7	9.7	10.0	5.1	5.1	7.3	7.2	3.2	3.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.8	4.8	8.0	8.1	4.3	4.3	6.1	6.3	2.9	2.6
White	5.2	5.1	8.7	9.1	4.7	4.6	6.9	7.2	3.1	2.8
Black or African American	3.5	3.6	4.6	4.5	3.3	3.5	4.7	4.4	1.8	2.4
AIAN	5.1	6.4	6.1	6.3	4.9	6.5	7.1	8.5	2.3	*
NHOPI	4.8	4.5	*	*	4.5	4.9	7.0	*	*	*
Asian	2.4	2.1	7.4	5.8	1.5	1.4	2.1	2.2	0.5	0.1
Two or More Races	8.1	7.1	13.1	14.5	6.8	5.5	8.6	8.9	5.2	3.2
Hispanic or Latino	3.2	3.6	5.7	6.4	2.6	3.0	3.3	3.9	1.4	1.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	3.7	3.9	6.9	7.6	3.2	3.4	4.1	4.2	1.8	2.0
Part-Time	5.6	5.8	8.5	8.5	4.5	4.8	7.4	8.1	1.9	1.9
Unemployed	7.5	7.9	7.5	9.3	7.5	7.3	8.0	8.7	6.5	4.3
Other¹	5.0	4.7	7.4	6.4	4.8	4.5	9.3	10.0	3.4	2.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.6A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	11,190	11,373	2,566	2,619	8,625	8,755	5,580	5,907	3,044	2,848
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1,711	1,805	402	442	1,309	1,363	781	972	528	391
Midwest	2,448	2,639	569	643	1,879	1,996	1,289	1,301	590	696
South	4,177	4,027	876	869	3,301	3,158	2,089	2,114	1,212	1,044
West	2,854	2,902	719	665	2,135	2,237	1,421	1,520	715	717
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	5,579	5,740	1,413	1,455	4,166	4,285	2,887	3,130	1,280	1,155
Small Metro	3,752	3,932	833	816	2,918	3,116	1,825	1,996	1,093	1,120
Nonmetro	1,859	1,701	319	348	1,540	1,354	868	780	672	573
Urbanized	793	753	163	164	630	589	365	361	265	228
Less Urbanized	947	754	144	171	802^a	583	452	340	350	243
Completely Rural	120	194	13	13	108	182	51	80	56	102
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	2,508	2,722	590	625	1,918	2,097	1,247	1,367	671	730
100-199%	2,674	2,439	680	570	1,994	1,869	1,201	1,320	793	549
200% or More	5,958	6,164	1,247	1,375	4,712	4,789	3,132	3,220	1,580	1,569
EDUCATION
< High School	1,266	1,218	304	265	962	953	556	554	406	399
High School Graduate	2,667	2,821	682	707	1,985	2,114	1,160	1,232	825	882
Some College/Associate's Degree	4,469	4,557	1,250	1,274	3,219	3,283	2,237	2,349	983	934
College Graduate	2,788	2,778	330	373	2,459	2,405	1,628	1,772	831	633
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	5,813	5,977	1,600	1,682	4,213	4,295	2,809	2,824	1,404	1,471
Medicaid/CHIP	2,978	2,978	549	559	2,429	2,420	1,606	1,677	823	743
Other³	2,533	2,338	232^a	151	2,301	2,187	719	855	1,582	1,331
No Coverage	1,369	1,524	281	326	1,089	1,199	900	1,014	189	184
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.6B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	4.5	4.6	7.5	7.7	4.1	4.1	5.6	5.9	2.7	2.5
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	3.9	4.1	6.7	7.5	3.4	3.6	4.5^a	5.7	2.5	1.9
Midwest	4.7	5.1	7.8	8.9	4.2	4.5	6.4	6.4	2.4	2.9
South	4.5	4.3	6.9	6.8	4.1	3.9	5.5	5.5	2.9	2.4
West	4.9	4.9	8.7	8.1	4.2	4.4	5.7	6.0	2.8	2.8
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	4.0	4.1	7.3	7.7	3.5	3.6	4.8	5.3	2.1	1.9
Small Metro	5.1	5.3	7.9	7.6	4.7	4.9	6.6	6.9	3.2	3.2
Nonmetro	5.2	4.7	7.3	7.9	4.9	4.3	6.8	6.4	3.6	3.0
Urbanized	5.2	4.6	7.9	8.5	4.8	4.1	6.5	6.5	3.5	2.6
Less Urbanized	5.5	4.6	7.0	8.1	5.3	4.1	7.4	6.0	3.9	2.8
Completely Rural	3.8	5.8	4.6	3.7	3.8	6.0	5.0	8.5	3.1	4.9
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	7.3	7.9	7.0	7.5	7.5	8.0	8.6	9.4	6.0	6.3
100-199%	5.5	5.0	8.2	6.9	4.9	4.6	6.3	6.8	3.7^a	2.5
200% or More	3.6	3.8	7.4	8.2	3.2	3.2	4.7	4.8	2.0	1.9
EDUCATION
< High School	4.1	3.9	6.6	5.6	3.7	3.6	5.0	4.9	2.7	2.7
High School Graduate	4.5	4.6	6.6	6.8	4.0	4.1	5.6	5.9	2.9	2.9
Some College/Associate's Degree	5.8	5.9	8.9	9.4	5.1	5.2	7.3	7.6	3.0	2.9
College Graduate	3.5	3.5	6.4	6.9	3.3	3.3	4.3	4.7	2.3	1.8
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	3.5	3.6	7.7	8.2	2.9	3.0	4.2	4.2	1.8	1.9
Medicaid/CHIP	8.2	8.1	7.4	7.7	8.5	8.2	9.8	10.5	6.7	5.5
Other³	3.7	3.4	9.2^a	5.9	3.5	3.3	9.4	11.0	2.8	2.3
No Coverage	5.9	6.2	6.0	6.8	5.8	6.1	6.5	7.1	3.8	3.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.7A – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness (2017)	No Mental Illness (2018)
TOTAL	46,632	47,635	11,190	11,373	35,441	36,262	200,529	201,222
AGE GROUP
18-25	8,849	8,944	2,566	2,619	6,283	6,326	25,458	25,092
26 or Older	37,783	38,691	8,625	8,755	29,158	29,936	175,071	176,131
26-49	22,256	22,721	5,580	5,907	16,676	16,815	78,054	78,218
50 or Older	15,527	15,969	3,044	2,848	12,482	13,121	97,017	97,913
GENDER
Male	18,065	18,308	3,883	4,025	14,181	14,283	101,223	101,827
Female	28,567	29,327	7,307	7,348	21,260	21,979	99,306	99,395
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	40,603	40,785	9,935	9,902	30,668	30,882	166,819	167,530
White	32,183	32,210	8,127	8,076	24,057	24,134	125,466	125,557
Black or African American	4,782	4,802	1,023	1,077	3,759	3,726	24,678	24,778
AIAN	246	333	66	97	179	235	1,052	1,174
NHOPI	193	198	48	43	145	156	801	744
Asian	2,000	2,081	333	303	1,668	1,778	11,832	12,107
Two or More Races	1,198	1,160	338	307	860	853	2,990	3,170
Hispanic or Latino	6,028^a	6,850	1,255	1,471	4,773	5,380	33,710	33,692
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	20,878	21,805	4,506	4,818	16,372	16,987	102,152	101,876
Part-Time	7,115	7,101	1,800	1,866	5,315	5,235	25,069	25,131
Unemployed	2,825	2,756	801	789	2,024	1,967	7,798	7,242
Other¹	15,813	15,972	4,083	3,900	11,730	12,072	65,510	66,974
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.7B – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness (2017)	No Mental Illness (2018)
TOTAL	18.9	19.1	4.5	4.6	14.3	14.6	81.1	80.9
AGE GROUP
18-25	25.8	26.3	7.5	7.7	18.3	18.6	74.2	73.7
26 or Older	17.8	18.0	4.1	4.1	13.7	13.9	82.2	82.0
26-49	22.2	22.5	5.6	5.9	16.6	16.7	77.8	77.5
50 or Older	13.8	14.0	2.7	2.5	11.1	11.5	86.2	86.0
GENDER
Male	15.1	15.2	3.3	3.4	11.9	11.9	84.9	84.8
Female	22.3	22.8	5.7	5.7	16.6	17.1	77.7	77.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	19.6	19.6	4.8	4.8	14.8	14.8	80.4	80.4
White	20.4	20.4	5.2	5.1	15.3	15.3	79.6	79.6
Black or African American	16.2	16.2	3.5	3.6	12.8	12.6	83.8	83.8
AIAN	18.9	22.1	5.1	6.4	13.8	15.6	81.1	77.9
NHOPI	19.4	21.1	4.8	4.5	14.6	16.5	80.6	78.9
Asian	14.5	14.7	2.4	2.1	12.1	12.5	85.5	85.3
Two or More Races	28.6	26.8	8.1	7.1	20.5	19.7	71.4	73.2
Hispanic or Latino	15.2^a	16.9	3.2	3.6	12.0	13.3	84.8^a	83.1
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	17.0	17.6	3.7	3.9	13.3	13.7	83.0	82.4
Part-Time	22.1	22.0	5.6	5.8	16.5	16.2	77.9	78.0
Unemployed	26.6	27.6	7.5	7.9	19.1	19.7	73.4	72.4
Other¹	19.4	19.3	5.0	4.7	14.4	14.6	80.6	80.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.8A – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness (2017)	No Mental Illness (2018)
TOTAL	46,632	47,635	11,190	11,373	35,441	36,262	200,529	201,222
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	7,920	8,291	1,711	1,805	6,209	6,486	36,108	35,525
Midwest	10,230	10,329	2,448	2,639	7,783	7,690	41,474	41,584
South	16,847	16,946	4,177	4,027	12,669	12,919	76,112	77,089
West	11,634	12,068	2,854	2,902	8,780	9,166	46,835	47,024
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	25,223	25,715	5,579	5,740	19,643	19,975	113,485	112,896
Small Metro	14,626	15,312	3,752	3,932	10,875	11,380	58,264	58,994
Nonmetro	6,782	6,608	1,859	1,701	4,923	4,907	28,780	29,332
Urbanized	2,973	3,153	793	753	2,180	2,400	12,304	13,061
Less Urbanized	3,214	2,820	947	754	2,267	2,066	13,949	13,550
Completely Rural	596	635	120	194	476	441	2,527	2,721
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	8,766	9,094	2,508	2,722	6,258	6,373	25,420	25,428
100-199%	10,136	10,091	2,674	2,439	7,462	7,652	38,578	39,168
200% or More	27,528	28,246	5,958	6,164	21,570	22,082	136,038	136,066
EDUCATION
< High School	5,320	5,628	1,266	1,218	4,054	4,410	25,454	25,286
High School Graduate	10,343	11,110	2,667	2,821	7,676	8,290	49,439	50,449
Some College/Associate's Degree	16,525	17,171	4,469	4,557	12,056	12,614	60,434	59,953
College Graduate	14,444	13,725	2,788	2,778	11,655	10,948	65,202	65,535
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	27,933	28,245	5,813	5,977	22,120	22,268	137,282	137,279
Medicaid/CHIP	10,090	10,410	2,978	2,978	7,112	7,432	26,034	26,407
Other³	10,845	11,142	2,533	2,338	8,312	8,804	56,792	57,106
No Coverage	4,901	5,371	1,369	1,524	3,532	3,847	18,494	19,218
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.8B – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness (2017)	No Mental Illness (2018)
TOTAL	18.9	19.1	4.5	4.6	14.3	14.6	81.1	80.9
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	18.0	18.9	3.9	4.1	14.1	14.8	82.0	81.1
Midwest	19.8	19.9	4.7	5.1	15.1	14.8	80.2	80.1
South	18.1	18.0	4.5	4.3	13.6	13.7	81.9	82.0
West	19.9	20.4	4.9	4.9	15.0	15.5	80.1	79.6
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	18.2	18.6	4.0	4.1	14.2	14.4	81.8	81.4
Small Metro	20.1	20.6	5.1	5.3	14.9	15.3	79.9	79.4
Nonmetro	19.1	18.4	5.2	4.7	13.8	13.7	80.9	81.6
Urbanized	19.5	19.4	5.2	4.6	14.3	14.8	80.5	80.6
Less Urbanized	18.7	17.2	5.5	4.6	13.2	12.6	81.3	82.8
Completely Rural	19.1	18.9	3.8	5.8	15.2	13.1	80.9	81.1
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	25.6	26.3	7.3	7.9	18.3	18.5	74.4	73.7
100-199%	20.8	20.5	5.5	5.0	15.3	15.5	79.2	79.5
200% or More	16.8	17.2	3.6	3.8	13.2	13.4	83.2	82.8
EDUCATION
< High School	17.3	18.2	4.1	3.9	13.2	14.3	82.7	81.8
High School Graduate	17.3	18.0	4.5	4.6	12.8	13.5	82.7	82.0
Some College/Associate's Degree	21.5	22.3	5.8	5.9	15.7	16.4	78.5	77.7
College Graduate	18.1	17.3	3.5	3.5	14.6	13.8	81.9	82.7
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	16.9	17.1	3.5	3.6	13.4	13.5	83.1	82.9
Medicaid/CHIP	27.9	28.3	8.2	8.1	19.7	20.2	72.1	71.7
Other³	16.0	16.3	3.7	3.4	12.3	12.9	84.0	83.7
No Coverage	20.9	21.8	5.9	6.2	15.1	15.6	79.1	78.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.9A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	8,526	9,187	2,376	2,447	6,150	6,740	4,369^a	5,020	1,782	1,720
GENDER
Male	4,579	4,836	1,149	1,152	3,431	3,683	2,356^a	2,774	1,075	909
Female	3,947	4,351	1,227	1,295	2,720	3,057	2,013	2,246	707	810
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	7,419	7,845	1,867	2,026	5,552	5,819	3,868	4,276	1,685	1,543
White	5,943	6,123	1,399	1,530	4,544	4,593	3,172	3,339	1,372	1,253
Black or African American	905	1,067	269	249	636	818	437	564	198	255
AIAN	76	79	17	26	59	53	36	48	*	*
NHOPI	26	45	*	*	19	*	19	*	*	*
Asian	235	304	80	128	156	177	132	177	24	*
Two or More Races	234	226	95	89	139	137	72	107	67	30
Hispanic or Latino	1,107	1,342	509	421	598^a	921	501^a	744	97	177
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4,241^a	4,820	947	1,058	3,294	3,762	2,646^a	3,113	648	649
Part-Time	1,257	1,404	661	699	596	706	485	579	110	126
Unemployed	865	838	305	271	560	567	460	466	100	101
Other¹	2,163	2,124	462	419	1,701	1,705	777	862	923	844
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.9B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	3.4	3.7	6.9	7.2	2.9	3.1	4.4^a	5.0	1.6	1.5
GENDER
Male	3.8	4.0	6.7	6.7	3.4	3.6	4.8^a	5.6	2.0	1.7
Female	3.1	3.4	7.2	7.6	2.5	2.7	4.0	4.4	1.2	1.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3.6	3.8	7.0	7.7	3.1	3.2	4.8	5.3	1.7	1.5
White	3.8	3.9	7.5	8.4	3.3	3.3	5.5	5.8	1.7	1.5
Black or African American	3.1	3.6	5.6	5.3	2.6	3.3	3.4	4.4	1.7	2.1
AIAN	5.9	5.3	8.1	12.0	5.5	4.1	6.1	7.8	*	*
NHOPI	2.6	4.7	*	*	2.2	*	4.2	*	*	*
Asian	1.7	2.1	3.7	5.6	1.3	1.5	1.8	2.4	0.5	*
Two or More Races	5.6	5.2	10.9	11.9	4.2	3.8	4.7	7.2	3.7	1.4
Hispanic or Latino	2.8	3.3	6.7	5.5	1.9^a	2.8	2.5^a	3.6	0.8	1.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	3.4^a	3.9	6.6	7.3	3.0	3.4	3.9^a	4.6	1.6	1.6
Part-Time	3.9	4.4	7.7	8.0	2.5	3.0	4.4	5.3	0.9	1.0
Unemployed	8.1	8.4	8.8	8.7	7.8	8.2	9.7	10.0	4.2	4.6
Other¹	2.7	2.6	5.9	5.4	2.3	2.3	4.5	5.0	1.6	1.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.10A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	8,526	9,187	2,376	2,447	6,150	6,740	4,369^a	5,020	1,782	1,720
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1,482	1,637	407	443	1,075	1,194	794	833	281	361
Midwest	1,875	1,889	568	553	1,308	1,336	897	978	411	359
South	3,006	2,945	793	766	2,213	2,178	1,619	1,653	593	526
West	2,163^a	2,715	607	684	1,555^a	2,031	1,059^a	1,557	496	475
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	4,735	5,165	1,357	1,317	3,378	3,848	2,393^a	3,010	985	838
Small Metro	2,739	2,864	778	831	1,960	2,034	1,430	1,453	531	581
Nonmetro	1,053	1,157	241	299	812	858	546	557	266	301
Urbanized	434	556	125	153	309	403	208	307	101	95
Less Urbanized	530	517	102	130	428	387	287	232	140	155
Completely Rural	89	84	13	15	76	68	51	18	25	50
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	1,757	1,954	568	614	1,190	1,340	782	870	408	470
100-199%	1,838	1,957	586	569	1,252	1,388	914	1,051	337	337
200% or More	4,871	5,198	1,162	1,186	3,709	4,012	2,672^a	3,099	1,037	913
EDUCATION
< High School	997	1,188	251	286	746	901	428	496	318	406
High School Graduate	2,043	2,200	629	581	1,414	1,619	910	1,132	504	487
Some College/Associate's Degree	3,386	3,396	1,177	1,175	2,209	2,221	1,666	1,767	544	454
College Graduate	2,099	2,403	318	405	1,781	1,999	1,366	1,625	416	373
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	4,828	4,964	1,526	1,567	3,302	3,396	2,325	2,570	976	827
Medicaid/CHIP	2,044	2,388	471	479	1,573^a	1,908	1,101	1,307	472	601
Other³	1,220	1,218	181	158	1,039	1,060	386	535	653	526
No Coverage	1,254	1,449	292	311	962	1,138	776	937	186	201
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.10B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	3.4	3.7	6.9	7.2	2.9	3.1	4.4^a	5.0	1.6	1.5
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	3.4	3.7	6.8	7.6	2.8	3.1	4.6	4.9	1.4	1.7
Midwest	3.6	3.6	7.8	7.6	2.9	3.0	4.4	4.8	1.7	1.5
South	3.2	3.1	6.2	6.0	2.8	2.7	4.3	4.3	1.4	1.2
West	3.7^a	4.6	7.4	8.4	3.1^a	4.0	4.3^a	6.2	2.0	1.8
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	3.4	3.7	7.0	6.9	2.8	3.2	4.0^a	5.0	1.7	1.4
Small Metro	3.8	3.9	7.3	7.8	3.1	3.2	5.1	5.0	1.5	1.7
Nonmetro	3.0	3.2	5.5	6.8	2.6	2.7	4.3	4.6	1.4	1.6
Urbanized	2.8	3.4	6.1	7.9	2.3	2.8	3.7^a	5.5	1.3	1.1
Less Urbanized	3.1	3.2	5.0	6.2	2.8	2.7	4.7	4.1	1.6	1.8
Completely Rural	2.8	2.5	4.7	4.5	2.7	2.3	4.9^a	1.9	1.4	2.4
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	5.1	5.7	6.7	7.4	4.6	5.1	5.4	6.0	3.6	4.0
100-199%	3.8	4.0	7.1	6.9	3.1	3.4	4.8	5.5	1.6	1.5
200% or More	3.0	3.2	6.9	7.1	2.5	2.7	4.0^a	4.6	1.3	1.1
EDUCATION
< High School	3.2	3.8	5.4	6.1	2.9	3.4	3.8	4.4	2.1	2.7
High School Graduate	3.4	3.6	6.1	5.6	2.9	3.2	4.4	5.4	1.7	1.6
Some College/Associate's Degree	4.4	4.4	8.3	8.7	3.5	3.5	5.4	5.7	1.7	1.4
College Graduate	2.6	3.0	6.2	7.5	2.4	2.7	3.6	4.3	1.1	1.0
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	2.9	3.0	7.3	7.7	2.3	2.3	3.5	3.8	1.3	1.1
Medicaid/CHIP	5.7	6.5	6.3	6.6	5.5	6.5	6.7^a	8.2	3.9	4.4
Other³	1.8	1.8	7.1	6.2	1.6	1.6	5.0	6.9	1.1	0.9
No Coverage	5.4	5.9	6.3	6.5	5.1	5.8	5.6	6.5	3.8	3.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.11A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	3,092	3,166	947	879	2,145	2,287	1,584	1,726	562	560
GENDER
Male	1,432	1,376	420	353	1,011	1,022	720	813	291	209
Female	1,660	1,790	527	526	1,134	1,265	863	914	271	351
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,726	2,815	764	762	1,962	2,053	1,442	1,498	520	555
White	2,226	2,201	595	606	1,631	1,596	1,209	1,128	422	468
Black or African American	250	376	71	64	179^a	312	129^a	236	50	76
AIAN	24	37	6	10	17	27	15	27	*	*
NHOPI	20	*	*	*	16	*	16	*	*	*
Asian	106	71	46	37	60	35	44	35	*	*
Two or More Races	101	109	42	46	59	63	29	53	*	11
Hispanic or Latino	366	351	183	117	183	234	142	228	41	6
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	1,380	1,465	359	392	1,021	1,073	849	847	172	226
Part-Time	483	504	278	213	205	291	186	248	20	43
Unemployed	364	347	127	123	237	224	184	178	53	46
Other¹	865	849	183	151	682	698	364	453	318	245
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.11B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	1.3	1.3	2.8	2.6	1.0	1.1	1.6	1.7	0.5	0.5
GENDER
Male	1.2	1.1	2.4	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.6	0.6	0.4
Female	1.3	1.4	3.1	3.1	1.0	1.1	1.7	1.8	0.5	0.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.3	1.4	2.9	2.9	1.1	1.1	1.8	1.9	0.5	0.5
White	1.4	1.4	3.2	3.3	1.2	1.1	2.1	2.0	0.5	0.6
Black or African American	0.8	1.3	1.5	1.4	0.7^a	1.3	1.0^a	1.8	0.4	0.6
AIAN	1.8	2.4	2.9	4.3	1.6	2.1	2.6	4.4	*	*
NHOPI	2.0	*	*	*	1.8	*	3.5	*	*	*
Asian	0.8	0.5	2.1	1.6	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.5	*	*
Two or More Races	2.4	2.5	4.8	6.1	1.8	1.8	1.9	3.6	*	0.5
Hispanic or Latino	0.9	0.9	2.4	1.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.3	0.0
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	1.1	1.2	2.5	2.7	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.2	0.4	0.6
Part-Time	1.5	1.6	3.2	2.5	0.9	1.2	1.7	2.3	0.2	0.3
Unemployed	3.4	3.5	3.6	4.0	3.3	3.2	3.9	3.8	2.2	2.1
Other¹	1.1	1.0	2.4	2.0	0.9	0.9	2.1	2.6	0.6	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.12A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	3,092	3,166	947	879	2,145	2,287	1,584	1,726	562	560
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	482	525	135	161	347	364	236	324	111	40
Midwest	644	630	201	227	443	403	344	285	99	118
South	1,079	1,112	309	263	770	849	586	601	184	248
West	886	899	301	228	585	670	417	516	168	154
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	1,704	1,633	538	474	1,167	1,159	865	987	301	173
Small Metro	994	1,108	318	290	676	818	507	560	168	257
Nonmetro	394	425	91	115	303	310	211	179	92	130
Urbanized	189	193	64	58	125	136	89	98	37	37
Less Urbanized	183	198	25^a	55	158	143	109	74	49	70
Completely Rural	22	34	3	3	20	31	13	8	*	23
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	696	714	220	222	476	492	358	336	118	157
100-199%	752	791	245	206	507	585	385	464	122	121
200% or More	1,628	1,639	465	429	1,162	1,210	840	926	322	283
EDUCATION
< High School	377	375	104	92	273	282	165	197	108	85
High School Graduate	712	816	245	247	467	569	342	345	125	223
Some College/Associate's Degree	1,367	1,220	477	402	890	817	690	655	200	162
College Graduate	636	756	120	137	515	619	387	529	128	90
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	1,608	1,542	612	575	997	967	750	693	247	273
Medicaid/CHIP	846	929	189	173	657	755	456	574	201	182
Other³	507	455	80	50	427	404	187	231	239	174
No Coverage	473	549	114	110	359	439	303	360	56	79
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.12B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	1.3	1.3	2.8	2.6	1.0	1.1	1.6	1.7	0.5	0.5
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1.1	1.2	2.3	2.7	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.9	0.5	0.2
Midwest	1.2	1.2	2.7	3.1	1.0	0.9	1.7	1.4	0.4	0.5
South	1.2	1.2	2.4	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.6	0.4	0.6
West	1.5	1.5	3.7	2.8	1.2	1.3	1.7	2.1	0.7	0.6
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	1.2	1.2	2.8	2.5	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.7	0.5	0.3
Small Metro	1.4	1.5	3.0	2.7	1.1	1.3	1.8	1.9	0.5	0.7
Nonmetro	1.1	1.2	2.1	2.6	1.0	1.0	1.7	1.5	0.5	0.7
Urbanized	1.2	1.2	3.1	3.0	0.9	0.9	1.6	1.8	0.5	0.4
Less Urbanized	1.1	1.2	1.2^a	2.6	1.0	1.0	1.8	1.3	0.5	0.8
Completely Rural	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.0	1.3	0.8	*	1.1
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	2.0	2.1	2.6	2.7	1.9	1.9	2.5	2.3	1.1	1.3
100-199%	1.5	1.6	3.0	2.5	1.3	1.4	2.0	2.4	0.6	0.6
200% or More	1.0	1.0	2.8	2.6	0.8	0.8	1.3	1.4	0.4	0.4
EDUCATION
< High School	1.2	1.2	2.3	2.0	1.0	1.1	1.5	1.7	0.7	0.6
High School Graduate	1.2	1.3	2.4	2.4	0.9	1.1	1.7	1.6	0.4	0.7
Some College/Associate's Degree	1.8	1.6	3.4	3.0	1.4	1.3	2.3	2.1	0.6	0.5
College Graduate	0.8	1.0	2.3	2.5	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.4	0.4	0.2
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	1.0	0.9	2.9	2.8	0.7	0.7	1.1	1.0	0.3	0.4
Medicaid/CHIP	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.8	3.6	1.6	1.3
Other³	0.7	0.7	3.2	2.0	0.7	0.6	2.4	3.0	0.4	0.3
No Coverage	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.3	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.5	1.1	1.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190415

Table 8.13A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	5,434^a	6,021	1,429	1,568	4,005	4,453	2,785^a	3,294	1,220	1,159
GENDER
Male	3,148	3,460	728	799	2,419	2,661	1,635^a	1,961	784	700
Female	2,286	2,561	701	769	1,586	1,792	1,150	1,333	436	459
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4,693	5,030	1,103^a	1,264	3,590	3,766	2,426	2,778	1,164	988
White	3,717	3,922	804	924	2,913	2,997	1,963	2,212	950	785
Black or African American	655	691	198	185	456	506	308	328	148	178
AIAN	53	42	11	17	42	25	21	20	*	*
NHOPI	6	*	*	*	3	*	3	*	*	*
Asian	130^a	233	34^a	91	96	142	88	142	8	*
Two or More Races	133	117	53	44	80	74	43	55	37	19
Hispanic or Latino	741^a	991	326	304	415^a	687	359	516	56	171
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	2,861^a	3,355	588	666	2,273	2,688	1,797^a	2,266	476	422
Part-Time	774	901	383	486	390	415	300	331	91	83
Unemployed	501	491	178	147	323	343	276	289	47	55
Other¹	1,298	1,275	279	268	1,019	1,007	413	408	606	599
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190415

Table 8.13B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	2.2	2.4	4.2	4.6	1.9	2.1	2.8^a	3.3	1.1	1.0
GENDER
Male	2.6	2.9	4.2	4.7	2.4	2.6	3.3	3.9	1.5	1.3
Female	1.8	2.0	4.1	4.5	1.4	1.6	2.3	2.6	0.7	0.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2.3	2.4	4.1^a	4.8	2.0	2.1	3.0	3.5	1.2	1.0
White	2.4	2.5	4.3	5.1	2.1	2.1	3.4	3.8	1.2	1.0
Black or African American	2.2	2.3	4.1	3.9	1.9	2.0	2.4	2.6	1.2	1.5
AIAN	4.1	2.8	5.2	7.7	3.9	2.0	3.5	3.3	*	*
NHOPI	0.6	*	*	*	0.4	*	0.7	*	*	*
Asian	0.9^a	1.6	1.6^a	4.0	0.8	1.2	1.2	1.9	0.2	*
Two or More Races	3.2	2.7	6.1	5.8	2.4	2.1	2.8	3.7	2.0	0.9
Hispanic or Latino	1.9	2.4	4.3	4.0	1.3^a	2.1	1.8	2.5	0.5	1.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	2.3^a	2.7	4.1	4.6	2.1	2.5	2.7^a	3.3	1.2	1.0
Part-Time	2.4	2.8	4.4	5.6	1.7	1.8	2.7	3.0	0.7	0.7
Unemployed	4.7	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.5	5.0	5.8	6.2	2.0	2.5
Other¹	1.6	1.5	3.6	3.5	1.4	1.3	2.4	2.4	1.1	1.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.14A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	5,434^a	6,021	1,429	1,568	4,005	4,453	2,785^a	3,294	1,220	1,159
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1,000	1,113	272	282	728	830	558	509	170	321
Midwest	1,231	1,259	367	326	864	933	553	692	312	240
South	1,927	1,833	484	503	1,443	1,329	1,033	1,052	410	278
West	1,277^a	1,816	306^a	456	971^a	1,361	642^a	1,041	328	320
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	3,031^a	3,532	819	844	2,211^a	2,689	1,528^a	2,024	684	665
Small Metro	1,745	1,757	460	541	1,285	1,216	922	893	363	323
Nonmetro	658	732	150	183	509	548	335	378	174	171
Urbanized	245^a	363	62	96	183	267	119^a	209	64	58
Less Urbanized	347	319	78	75	270	244	178	158	92	86
Completely Rural	66	50	10	12	56	37	38^a	10	18	27
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	1,062	1,240	348	392	714	848	424	535	290	313
100-199%	1,086	1,166	341	363	745	803	529	587	216	216
200% or More	3,243	3,559	696	757	2,547	2,802	1,832^a	2,172	715	630
EDUCATION
< High School	620	813	147	194	473	619	263	299	210	320
High School Graduate	1,331	1,384	385	334	946	1,050	568^a	787	379	263
Some College/Associate's Degree	2,020	2,176	700	772	1,320	1,404	976	1,112	344	292
College Graduate	1,464	1,648	198	267	1,266	1,380	978	1,096	288	284
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	3,219	3,422	914	992	2,305	2,430	1,576	1,876	730	554
Medicaid/CHIP	1,198	1,459	282	306	916	1,153	645	734	271	419
Other³	714	764	101	108	613	656	199	304	414	352
No Coverage	781	899	177	201	604	699	473	577	131	122
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.14B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	2.2	2.4	4.2	4.6	1.9	2.1	2.8^a	3.3	1.1	1.0
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2.3	2.5	4.5	4.8	1.9	2.2	3.2	3.0	0.8	1.5
Midwest	2.4	2.4	5.0	4.5	1.9	2.1	2.7	3.4	1.3	1.0
South	2.1	1.9	3.8	3.9	1.8	1.6	2.7	2.7	1.0	0.6
West	2.2^a	3.1	3.7^a	5.6	1.9^a	2.7	2.6^a	4.1	1.3	1.2
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	2.2^a	2.5	4.2	4.4	1.9^a	2.2	2.6^a	3.4	1.1	1.1
Small Metro	2.4	2.4	4.3	5.1	2.1	1.9	3.3	3.1	1.1	0.9
Nonmetro	1.9	2.0	3.4	4.2	1.6	1.7	2.6	3.1	0.9	0.9
Urbanized	1.6^a	2.2	3.0^a	4.9	1.4	1.9	2.1^a	3.7	0.8	0.7
Less Urbanized	2.0	2.0	3.8	3.6	1.8	1.7	2.9	2.8	1.0	1.0
Completely Rural	2.1	1.5	3.7	3.6	2.0	1.2	3.7^a	1.1	1.0	1.3
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	3.1	3.6	4.1	4.7	2.8	3.2	2.9	3.7	2.6	2.7
100-199%	2.2	2.4	4.1	4.4	1.8	2.0	2.8	3.0	1.0	1.0
200% or More	2.0	2.2	4.1	4.5	1.7	1.9	2.7^a	3.2	0.9	0.8
EDUCATION
< High School	2.0	2.6	3.2	4.1	1.8	2.4	2.4	2.6	1.4	2.1
High School Graduate	2.2	2.2	3.7	3.2	1.9	2.1	2.8^a	3.8	1.3	0.9
Some College/Associate's Degree	2.6	2.8	5.0	5.7	2.1	2.2	3.2	3.6	1.1	0.9
College Graduate	1.8	2.1	3.8	4.9	1.7	1.9	2.6	2.9	0.8	0.8
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	1.9	2.1	4.4	4.8	1.6	1.7	2.4	2.8	0.9	0.7
Medicaid/CHIP	3.3	4.0	3.8	4.2	3.2	3.9	3.9	4.6	2.2	3.1
Other³	1.1	1.1	4.0	4.2	0.9	1.0	2.6	3.9	0.7	0.6
No Coverage	3.3	3.7	3.8	4.2	3.2	3.5	3.4	4.0	2.6	2.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.15A – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	46,632	47,635	1,350	1,274	45,240	46,308	11,190	11,373	483	492	10,703	10,873
AGE GROUP
18-49	31,105	31,666	1,117	1,084	29,952	30,529	8,146	8,525	369	406	7,772	8,110
18-25	8,849	8,944	286	257	8,553	8,666	2,566	2,619	87	112	2,475	2,504
26-34	9,848^a	10,613	451	383	9,389^a	10,225	2,455^a	2,921	160	108	2,295^a	2,811
35-49	12,409	12,108	380	443	12,010	11,637	3,125	2,986	123	186	3,003	2,794
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	18,065	18,308	749	707	17,309	17,557	3,883	4,025	251	255	3,632	3,763
Male 18-49	12,313	12,563	622	623	11,684	11,896	2,777^a	3,133	199	208	2,577	2,918
Female 18 or Older	28,567	29,327	601	567	27,931	28,751	7,307	7,348	233	237	7,071	7,110
Female 18-49	18,792	19,103	495	461	18,269	18,632	5,369	5,393	170	198	5,196	5,192
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.15B – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Probation (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	18.9	19.1	36.2	34.0	18.6	19.0	4.5	4.6	13.0	13.1	4.4	4.5
AGE GROUP
18-49	23.1	23.5	36.2	36.2	22.8	23.2	6.1	6.3	11.9	13.5	5.9	6.2
18-25	25.8	26.3	30.4	28.3	25.7	26.3	7.5	7.7	9.2	12.3	7.4	7.6
26-34	24.9^a	26.5	42.3	37.9	24.5^a	26.4	6.2^a	7.3	15.0	10.7	6.0^a	7.2
35-49	20.4	19.9	35.1	41.1	20.2	19.5	5.1	4.9	11.3	17.3	5.0	4.7
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	15.1	15.2	29.6	27.3	14.9	15.0	3.3	3.4	9.9	9.8	3.1	3.2
Male 18-49	18.5	18.8	30.0	30.4	18.1	18.5	4.2	4.7	9.6	10.1	4.0^a	4.5
Female 18 or Older	22.3	22.8	50.3	49.2	22.1	22.6	5.7	5.7	19.5	20.5	5.6	5.6
Female 18-49	27.7	28.1	48.8	48.7	27.4	27.9	7.9	7.9	16.8	21.0	7.8	7.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.16A – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	46,632	47,635	541	537	46,047	47,069	11,190	11,373	178	226	11,008	11,148
AGE GROUP
18-49	31,105	31,666	432	432	30,635	31,205	8,146	8,525	115	146	8,027	8,379
18-25	8,849	8,944	87	64	8,753	8,870	2,566	2,619	17	*	2,545	2,589
26-34	9,848^a	10,613	*	*	9,667^a	10,465	2,455^a	2,921	*	*	2,404^a	2,888
35-49	12,409	12,108	*	220	12,215	11,870	3,125	2,986	*	83	3,078	2,902
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	18,065	18,308	363	345	17,691	17,942	3,883	4,025	115	133	3,767	3,892
Male 18-49	12,313	12,563	261	269	12,042	12,272	2,777^a	3,133	58	83	2,718	3,050
Female 18 or Older	28,567	29,327	*	*	28,356	29,127	7,307	7,348	*	*	7,241	7,255
Female 18-49	18,792	19,103	*	*	18,593	18,933	5,369	5,393	*	*	5,309	5,330
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year parole/supervised release status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.16B – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Total¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults On Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2017)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	18.9	19.1	41.8	35.1	18.8	19.1	4.5	4.6	13.7	14.8	4.5	4.5
AGE GROUP
18-49	23.1	23.5	40.8	37.0	23.0	23.4	6.1	6.3	10.8	12.5	6.0	6.3
18-25	25.8	26.3	30.0	25.3	25.8	26.3	7.5	7.7	5.7	*	7.5	7.7
26-34	24.9^a	26.5	*	*	24.7^a	26.5	6.2^a	7.3	*	*	6.1^a	7.3
35-49	20.4	19.9	*	40.4	20.3	19.7	5.1	4.9	*	15.3	5.1	4.8
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	15.1	15.2	37.0	29.7	15.0	15.1	3.3	3.4	11.7	11.5	3.2	3.3
Male 18-49	18.5	18.8	34.7	30.7	18.3	18.7	4.2	4.7	7.7	9.5	4.1	4.6
Female 18 or Older	22.3	22.8	*	*	22.3	22.7	5.7	5.7	*	*	5.7	5.7
Female 18-49	27.7	28.1	*	*	27.6	28.0	7.9	7.9	*	*	7.9	7.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year parole/supervised release status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.17A – Received Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	36,416	37,101	19,813	20,579	7,454	7,277	12,359	13,302	16,603	16,522
AGE GROUP
18-25	5,073	5,120	3,384	3,328	1,466	1,406	1,919	1,922	1,689	1,792
26 or Older	31,343	31,981	16,429	17,251	5,989	5,870	10,441^a	11,381	14,913	14,730
26-49	15,695	16,113	9,595	9,950	3,687	3,753	5,908	6,198	6,100	6,163
50 or Older	15,647	15,868	6,834	7,301	2,301	2,118	4,533	5,183	8,813	8,567
GENDER
Male	12,462	12,096	6,263	6,372	2,239	2,267	4,024	4,104	6,199	5,724
Female	23,954	25,006	13,551	14,207	5,216	5,009	8,335^a	9,198	10,403	10,798
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	33,086	33,573	17,860	18,330	6,756	6,453	11,104	11,877	15,226	15,243
White	28,708	29,151	15,401	15,761	5,742	5,418	9,659	10,343	13,307	13,390
Black or African American	2,525	2,555	1,448	1,468	573	625	876	844	1,077	1,087
AIAN	170	211	*	*	*	*	*	*	65	85
NHOPI	53	98	*	*	*	*	*	*	7	6
Asian	823	894	403	518	*	*	241	385	420	376
Two or More Races	806	664	457	365	*	*	246	189	349	300
Hispanic or Latino	3,330	3,528	1,953	2,249	698	823	1,255	1,425	1,377	1,279
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	15,742	16,601	7,960^a	8,828	2,687	2,829	5,273^a	5,999	7,782	7,773
Part-Time	5,833	5,601	3,225	3,175	1,246	1,187	1,979	1,988	2,607	2,426
Unemployed	1,666	1,471	1,075	1,034	427	467	648	567	591	437
Other²	13,176	13,429	7,554	7,542	3,094	2,794	4,460	4,749	5,622	5,886
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health services for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.17B – Received Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	14.8	15.0	42.6	43.3	66.7	64.1	35.0	36.8	8.3	8.3
AGE GROUP
18-25	14.9	15.2	38.4	37.3	57.4	53.8	30.7	30.5	6.7	7.2
26 or Older	14.8	15.0	43.6	44.7	69.5	67.2	36.0	38.1	8.6	8.4
26-49	15.7	16.1	43.3	43.9	66.2	63.7	35.6	36.9	7.9	7.9
50 or Older	14.0	14.0	44.2	45.8	75.6	74.4	36.5	39.6	9.1	8.8
GENDER
Male	10.5	10.1	34.8	34.9	57.7	56.4	28.5	28.8	6.2	5.7
Female	18.8	19.5	47.6	48.6	71.5	68.3	39.4	42.0	10.5	10.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	16.0	16.2	44.1	45.1	68.1	65.3	36.4	38.6	9.2	9.2
White	18.3	18.6	48.0	49.1	70.7	67.2	40.3^a	43.0	10.7	10.7
Black or African American	8.7	8.7	30.6	30.6	56.2	58.0	23.6	22.7	4.4	4.4
AIAN	13.2	14.1	*	*	*	*	*	*	6.3	7.3
NHOPI	5.6	10.9	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.9	0.8
Asian	6.0	6.3	20.2	24.9	*	*	14.5	21.7	3.6	3.1
Two or More Races	19.4	15.4	38.4	31.8	*	*	28.9	22.3	11.7	9.5
Hispanic or Latino	8.4	8.8	32.6	32.9	56.2	56.0	26.4	26.6	4.1	3.8
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	12.9	13.5	38.2	40.5	59.7	58.8	32.3^a	35.3	7.7	7.7
Part-Time	18.2	17.5	45.5	44.9	69.4	63.8	37.4	38.2	10.4	9.7
Unemployed	15.9	14.9	38.2	37.6	53.3	59.2	32.1	28.9	7.7	6.1
Other²	16.3	16.3	48.1	47.4	76.1	71.8	38.3	39.6	8.6	8.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health services for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.18A – Received Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	36,416	37,101	19,813	20,579	7,454	7,277	12,359	13,302	16,603	16,522
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	6,737	7,369	3,392	3,771	1,135	1,184	2,257	2,588	3,345	3,597
Midwest	8,573	8,868	4,730	4,842	1,693	1,780	3,037	3,062	3,843	4,027
South	12,875	12,569	7,083	7,057	2,690	2,625	4,393	4,432	5,792	5,512
West	8,232	8,296	4,609	4,909	1,936	1,688	2,673^a	3,221	3,623	3,387
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	19,633	19,362	10,076	10,585	3,535	3,587	6,540	6,998	9,558	8,777
Small Metro	11,627	12,252	6,694	7,058	2,593	2,605	4,101	4,453	4,933	5,194
Nonmetro	5,156	5,486	3,044	2,935	1,326	1,084	1,718	1,851	2,112^a	2,551
Urbanized	2,233	2,585	1,268	1,314	569	481	699	834	964	1,271
Less Urbanized	2,425	2,338	1,449	1,292	665^a	458	784	834	977	1,046
Completely Rural	498	563	327	329	*	*	235	*	171	234
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	5,835	5,832	3,993	4,052	1,730	1,774	2,263	2,278	1,843	1,780
100-199%	6,827^a	6,116	4,188	3,753	1,827^a	1,470	2,362	2,283	2,639	2,363
200% or More	23,646	25,042	11,561^a	12,707	3,864	4,009	7,698^a	8,698	12,085	12,335
EDUCATION
< High School	3,239	3,172	1,920	1,877	728	788	1,192	1,089	1,319	1,295
High School Graduate	7,224	7,167	3,978	4,263	1,715	1,622	2,263	2,641	3,246	2,904
Some College/Associate's Degree	12,696	12,994	7,489	7,776	3,093	3,011	4,396	4,765	5,207	5,218
College Graduate	13,257	13,768	6,426	6,663	1,918	1,856	4,508	4,807	6,831	7,105
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	23,813	24,849	11,668^a	12,721	3,892	3,922	7,777^a	8,800	12,144	12,128
Medicaid/CHIP	7,597^a	6,834	5,048	4,749	2,226	2,033	2,823	2,716	2,548^a	2,085
Other⁴	10,027	10,363	5,241	5,050	2,033	1,791	3,208	3,259	4,786	5,313
No Coverage	1,916	1,985	1,309	1,463	547	714	762	749	607	522
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.18B – Received Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	14.8	15.0	42.6	43.3	66.7	64.1	35.0	36.8	8.3	8.3
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	15.4^a	16.9	43.1	45.6	66.7	65.6	36.6	40.0	9.3	10.2
Midwest	16.7	17.2	46.3	47.1	69.3	67.5	39.1	40.0	9.3	9.7
South	13.9	13.4	42.2	41.8	64.5	65.5	34.8	34.4	7.6	7.2
West	14.2	14.1	39.7	40.8	67.9^a	58.1	30.6^a	35.3	7.8	7.3
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	14.2	14.1	40.1	41.2	63.5	62.5	33.5	35.1	8.5	7.8
Small Metro	16.0	16.6	45.9	46.3	69.2	66.4	37.8	39.3	8.5	8.9
Nonmetro	14.6	15.4	45.0	44.6	71.5	64.1	34.9	37.9	7.4^a	8.8
Urbanized	14.7	16.0	42.7	41.7	71.8	63.8	32.1	34.7	7.9	9.8
Less Urbanized	14.2	14.4	45.2	46.3	70.6	61.4	34.6	40.8	7.0	7.8
Completely Rural	16.1	17.1	54.8	51.9	*	*	49.3	*	6.8	8.8
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	17.2	17.1	45.9	44.8	69.1	65.3	36.6	35.9	7.3	7.1
100-199%	14.1^a	12.5	41.4^a	37.3	68.3^a	60.4	31.7	29.9	6.9	6.1
200% or More	14.5	15.3	42.1^a	45.1	65.0	65.1	35.8^a	39.5	8.9	9.1
EDUCATION
< High School	10.6	10.4	36.4	33.5	57.8	64.9	29.7	24.8	5.2	5.2
High School Graduate	12.2	11.7	38.5	38.4	64.4	57.7	29.6	31.9	6.6	5.8
Some College/Associate's Degree	16.6	16.9	45.5	45.5	69.2	66.2	36.7	38.0	8.7	8.7
College Graduate	16.7	17.4	44.6^a	48.6	69.0	66.8	38.7^a	44.0	10.5	10.9
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	14.5	15.1	41.9^a	45.2	67.0	65.8	35.3^a	39.6	8.9	8.9
Medicaid/CHIP	21.2^a	18.7	50.3^a	45.7	74.9^a	68.3	40.0	36.6	9.9^a	8.0
Other⁴	14.9	15.3	48.4	45.5	80.4	76.6	38.7	37.2	8.5	9.4
No Coverage	8.3	8.2	26.9	27.4	40.2	47.1	21.7	19.6	3.3	2.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.19A – Received Inpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	2,357	2,366	1,556	1,580	850	824	706	756	801	786
AGE GROUP
18-25	509	545	375	415	220	247	155	167	135	130
26 or Older	1,847	1,822	1,181	1,166	630	577	551	588	666	656
26-49	933	1,021	723	753	461	374	262	378	210	268
50 or Older	914	801	458	413	169	203	289	210	456	388
GENDER
Male	1,031	1,042	602	728	288	357	314	371	429	315
Female	1,326	1,324	954	853	562	467	392	385	372	472
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,055	1,897	1,382	1,252	753	671	628	581	674	645
White	1,510	1,306	1,043	944	618	528	425	416	467	362
Black or African American	386	449	242	226	84	102	159	125	144	223
AIAN	12	27	*	11	*	*	*	*	4	16
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	96	58	49	24	*	*	17	9	47	34
Two or More Races	52	56	39	47	17	24	22	23	13	10
Hispanic or Latino	301	469	174^a	328	97	153	77^a	175	127	141
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	958	855	624	530	398	291	226	239	334	325
Medicaid/CHIP	972	1,008	635	714	336	380	300	333	336	294
Other³	750	831	400	440	201	209	199	231	350	391
No Coverage	256	251	211	221	63	121	148	101	44	30
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	654	571	448	419	275	217	173	203	207	152
Part-Time	233	285	186	212	127	133	58	79	48	73
Unemployed	256	205	177	133	62	72	115	61	79	71
Other⁴	1,213	1,306	746	816	387	402	359	413	468	490
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.19B – Received Inpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	1.0	1.0	3.3	3.3	7.6	7.3	2.0	2.1	0.4	0.4
AGE GROUP
18-25	1.5	1.6	4.2	4.6	8.6	9.4	2.5	2.7	0.5	0.5
26 or Older	0.9	0.9	3.1	3.0	7.3	6.6	1.9	2.0	0.4	0.4
26-49	0.9	1.0	3.3	3.3	8.3	6.3	1.6	2.3	0.3	0.3
50 or Older	0.8	0.7	3.0	2.6	5.6	7.1	2.3	1.6	0.5	0.4
GENDER
Male	0.9	0.9	3.3	4.0	7.4	8.9	2.2	2.6	0.4	0.3
Female	1.0	1.0	3.3	2.9	7.7	6.4	1.8	1.8	0.4	0.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.0	0.9	3.4	3.1	7.6	6.8	2.1	1.9	0.4	0.4
White	1.0	0.8	3.2	2.9	7.6	6.5	1.8	1.7	0.4	0.3
Black or African American	1.3	1.5	5.1	4.7	8.2	9.4	4.3	3.4	0.6	0.9
AIAN	0.9	1.8	*	3.2	*	*	*	*	0.4	1.4
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	0.7	0.4	2.5	1.2	*	*	1.0	0.5	0.4	0.3
Two or More Races	1.2	1.3	3.3	4.1	5.2	8.0	2.5	2.7	0.4	0.3
Hispanic or Latino	0.8	1.2	2.9	4.8	7.7	10.4	1.6	3.3	0.4	0.4
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.6	0.5	2.2	1.9	6.9	4.9	1.0	1.1	0.2	0.2
Medicaid/CHIP	2.7	2.8	6.3	6.9	11.3	12.8	4.2	4.5	1.3	1.1
Other³	1.1	1.2	3.7	3.9	8.0	8.9	2.4	2.6	0.6	0.7
No Coverage	1.1	1.0	4.3	4.1	4.6	7.9	4.2	2.6	0.2	0.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	0.5	0.5	2.1	1.9	6.1	4.5	1.1	1.2	0.2	0.1
Part-Time	0.7	0.9	2.6	3.0	7.1	7.2	1.1	1.5	0.2	0.3
Unemployed	2.4	2.1	6.3	4.9	7.7	9.1	5.7	3.1	1.0	1.0
Other⁴	1.5	1.6	4.7	5.1	9.5	10.3	3.1	3.4	0.7	0.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.20A – Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	18,517	19,461	11,906	12,377	5,033	4,970	6,873	7,407	6,611	7,084
AGE GROUP
18-25	3,052	3,131	2,195	2,174	1,001	976	1,194	1,199	856	956
26 or Older	15,466	16,330	9,711	10,203	4,032	3,994	5,679	6,208	5,755	6,128
26-49	8,456	8,805	5,948	6,033	2,584	2,496	3,364	3,537	2,509	2,771
50 or Older	7,009	7,526	3,763	4,169	1,448	1,498	2,315	2,671	3,246	3,356
GENDER
Male	6,357	6,442	3,780	3,911	1,475	1,613	2,305	2,299	2,577	2,530
Female	12,160	13,019	8,126	8,466	3,558	3,357	4,568	5,108	4,034	4,554
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	16,790	17,587	10,654	11,070	4,555	4,420	6,098	6,650	6,137	6,517
White	14,028	15,105	8,963	9,495	3,791	3,677	5,172^a	5,817	5,066	5,611
Black or African American	1,637^a	1,307	1,022	812	417	445	605^a	366	615	495
AIAN	100	109	*	*	*	*	*	*	33	48
NHOPI	27	59	*	*	*	*	*	*	4	*
Asian	572	575	309	364	*	*	160	269	263	211
Two or More Races	426	432	270	280	*	*	119	129	156	152
Hispanic or Latino	1,727	1,874	1,252	1,307	478	550	774	757	474	567
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	11,766^a	13,034	6,880^a	7,751	2,627	2,690	4,253^a	5,060	4,886	5,283
Medicaid/CHIP	4,217	3,767	3,165	2,924	1,554	1,397	1,611	1,527	1,052	843
Other³	4,712	5,105	2,998	2,943	1,277	1,213	1,721	1,730	1,713^a	2,162
No Coverage	931	973	754	746	354	415	400	332	177	226
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	7,780^a	8,678	4,589^a	5,241	1,722	1,844	2,867^a	3,397	3,191	3,436
Part-Time	3,379	3,269	2,233	2,088	945	912	1,288	1,176	1,146	1,180
Unemployed	906	768	670	586	306	296	364	291	235	182
Other⁴	6,453	6,747	4,413	4,461	2,060	1,918	2,353	2,542	2,039	2,286
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.20B – Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	7.5	7.9	25.7	26.1	45.3	43.9	19.5	20.5	3.3	3.5
AGE GROUP
18-25	9.0	9.3	24.9	24.5	39.3	37.5	19.1	19.1	3.4	3.8
26 or Older	7.3	7.6	25.8	26.5	47.1	45.8	19.6	20.8	3.3	3.5
26-49	8.5	8.8	26.9	26.7	46.7	42.5	20.3	21.1	3.2	3.6
50 or Older	6.3	6.6	24.4	26.2	47.8	52.7	18.7	20.4	3.4	3.4
GENDER
Male	5.4	5.4	21.0	21.5	38.3	40.2	16.3	16.2	2.6	2.5
Female	9.6	10.2	28.6	29.0	49.0	46.0	21.6	23.3	4.1	4.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8.1	8.5	26.4	27.3	46.1	44.9	20.0	21.6	3.7	3.9
White	8.9^a	9.6	28.0	29.6	47.0	45.8	21.6^a	24.2	4.1	4.5
Black or African American	5.6^a	4.5	21.6^a	16.9	40.9	41.4	16.3^a	9.9	2.5	2.0
AIAN	7.8	7.3	*	*	*	*	*	*	3.2	4.2
NHOPI	2.8	6.5	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.5	*
Asian	4.2	4.1	15.5	17.6	*	*	9.6	15.2	2.2	1.7
Two or More Races	10.2	10.1	22.8	24.4	*	*	14.0	15.2	5.3	4.9
Hispanic or Latino	4.4	4.7	20.9	19.2	38.7	37.4	16.3	14.1	1.4	1.7
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	7.1^a	7.9	24.7^a	27.5	45.4	45.2	19.3^a	22.8	3.6	3.9
Medicaid/CHIP	11.8^a	10.3	31.7	28.3	53.0	47.2	22.8	20.7	4.1	3.2
Other³	7.0	7.5	27.8	26.5	50.9	52.2	20.8	19.7	3.0^a	3.8
No Coverage	4.0	4.0	15.5	14.0	26.0	27.5	11.4	8.7	1.0	1.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	6.4^a	7.0	22.0	24.1	38.4	38.4	17.5^a	20.0	3.1	3.4
Part-Time	10.5	10.2	31.5	29.6	52.9	49.2	24.3	22.6	4.6	4.7
Unemployed	8.6	7.8	23.9	21.4	38.4	37.7	18.2	14.8	3.1	2.5
Other⁴	8.0	8.2	28.2	28.1	50.9	49.5	20.2	21.2	3.1	3.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.21A – Received Prescription Medication as a Type of Mental Health Service in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	29,757	30,115	16,603	17,219	6,589	6,420	10,014	10,799	13,154	12,896
AGE GROUP
18-25	3,780	3,769	2,569	2,547	1,171	1,101	1,398	1,446	1,211	1,222
26 or Older	25,977	26,346	14,034	14,672	5,418	5,319	8,616	9,353	11,943	11,674
26-49	12,736	12,990	8,019	8,294	3,266	3,395	4,753	4,899	4,717	4,696
50 or Older	13,241	13,356	6,015	6,378	2,152	1,924	3,863	4,455	7,226	6,978
GENDER
Male	9,812	9,566	5,061	5,185	1,971	1,948	3,090	3,237	4,751	4,381
Female	19,945	20,549	11,542	12,035	4,618	4,473	6,924	7,562	8,403	8,515
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	27,154	27,384	15,082	15,429	5,987	5,722	9,095	9,706	12,072	11,956
White	24,106	24,253	13,246	13,461	5,199	4,859	8,048	8,602	10,860	10,791
Black or African American	1,820	1,885	1,100	1,158	455	525	645	633	720	727
AIAN	126	174	*	*	*	*	*	*	37	60
NHOPI	37	57	*	*	*	*	*	*	4	6
Asian	428	507	235	345	*	*	145	240	193	162
Two or More Races	637	509	378	298	*	*	194	150	259	210
Hispanic or Latino	2,603	2,731	1,521	1,791	602	698	919	1,093	1,082	940
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	19,277	19,988	9,776	10,480	3,431	3,438	6,344	7,042	9,502	9,508
Medicaid/CHIP	6,377^a	5,684	4,290	4,094	1,968	1,814	2,323	2,280	2,087^a	1,590
Other³	8,577	8,679	4,663	4,362	1,911	1,624	2,752	2,739	3,914	4,316
No Coverage	1,525	1,582	1,028	1,195	480	604	548	591	497	387
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	12,495	13,123	6,579	7,217	2,327	2,450	4,252	4,768	5,916	5,905
Part-Time	4,613	4,518	2,535	2,614	1,030	995	1,505	1,620	2,077	1,904
Unemployed	1,313	1,196	872	900	378	422	495	478	441	295
Other⁴	11,336	11,279	6,616	6,488	2,854	2,554	3,762	3,934	4,720	4,791
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.21B – Received Prescription Medication as a Type of Mental Health Service in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
TOTAL	12.1	12.2	35.7	36.2	58.9	56.5	28.3	29.9	6.6	6.4
AGE GROUP
18-25	11.1	11.1	29.1	28.6	45.7	42.1	22.3	22.9	4.8	4.9
26 or Older	12.3	12.3	37.2	38.0	62.8	60.8	29.6	31.3	6.9	6.7
26-49	12.7	12.9	36.1	36.6	58.5	57.6	28.5	29.2	6.1	6.0
50 or Older	11.8	11.8	38.8	40.0	70.7	67.5	31.0	34.0	7.5	7.2
GENDER
Male	8.3	8.0	28.1	28.4	50.8	48.5	21.8	22.8	4.7	4.3
Female	15.7	16.0	40.5	41.1	63.2	60.9	32.6	34.4	8.5	8.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	13.1	13.2	37.2	37.9	60.3	57.9	29.7	31.5	7.3	7.2
White	15.3	15.4	41.2	41.8	64.0	60.2	33.5	35.7	8.7	8.6
Black or African American	6.2	6.4	23.2	24.2	44.5	48.8	17.3	17.1	2.9	3.0
AIAN	9.8	11.6	*	*	*	*	*	*	3.5	5.1
NHOPI	3.8	6.3	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.5	0.8
Asian	3.1	3.6	11.7	16.6	*	*	8.7	13.5	1.6	1.3
Two or More Races	15.3	11.8	31.6	25.9	*	*	22.5	17.7	8.7	6.7
Hispanic or Latino	6.6	6.8	25.3	26.2	48.1	47.4	19.3	20.4	3.2	2.8
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	11.7	12.1	35.0	37.2	59.0	57.5	28.7^a	31.7	6.9	7.0
Medicaid/CHIP	17.8^a	15.6	42.7	39.4	66.1	61.1	32.9	30.7	8.1^a	6.1
Other³	12.7	12.8	43.0	39.3	75.5	69.6	33.1	31.2	6.9	7.6
No Coverage	6.6	6.5	21.0	22.3	35.0	39.7	15.5	15.4	2.7	2.0
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	10.2	10.6	31.5	33.1	51.7	50.9	26.0	28.1	5.8	5.8
Part-Time	14.4	14.1	35.7	36.9	57.3	53.4	28.4	31.0	8.3	7.6
Unemployed	12.4	12.1	31.0	32.8	47.1	53.5	24.5	24.4	5.7	4.1
Other⁴	14.0	13.7	41.9	40.8	69.9	65.6	32.2	32.8	7.2	7.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.22A – Received Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility and/or Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness and Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) at a Specialty Facility OR Mental Health (MH) Services (2017)	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) at a Specialty Facility OR Mental Health (MH) Services (2018)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility BUT NOT MH Services (2017)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility BUT NOT MH Services (2018)	Received MH Services BUT NOT SU Tx at a Specialty Facility (2017)	Received MH Services BUT NOT SU Tx at a Specialty Facility (2018)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility AND MH Services (2017)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility AND MH Services (2018)
SUD and Any Mental Illness	4,343	4,709	372	303	3,255^a	3,758	704	645
18-25	1,108	1,067	83	49	874	924	150^a	90
26 or Older	3,235	3,642	289	254	2,381	2,834	555	555
26-49	2,298	2,481	213	127	1,664	1,942	410	412
50 or Older	938	1,162	76	*	716	892	145	143
SUD and Serious Mental Illness	1,979	2,197	80	84	1,534	1,767	365	345
18-25	561	529	13	14	461	464	86	51
26 or Older	1,418	1,668	67	71	1,073	1,303	279	295
26-49	1,036	1,157	54	33	751	888	232	237
50 or Older	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Specialty facilities for substance use treatment include hospitals (inpatient only), rehabilitation facilities (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health centers. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.22B – Received Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility and/or Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness and Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) at a Specialty Facility OR Mental Health (MH) Services (2017)	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) at a Specialty Facility OR Mental Health (MH) Services (2018)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility BUT NOT MH Services (2017)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility BUT NOT MH Services (2018)	Received MH Services BUT NOT SU Tx at a Specialty Facility (2017)	Received MH Services BUT NOT SU Tx at a Specialty Facility (2018)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility AND MH Services (2017)	Received SU Tx at a Specialty Facility AND MH Services (2018)
SUD and Any Mental Illness	51.0	51.4	4.4	3.3	38.2	41.0	8.3	7.0
18-25	46.7	43.8	3.5	2.0	36.9	37.9	6.3^a	3.7
26 or Older	52.6	54.1	4.7	3.8	38.7	42.1	9.0	8.2
26-49	52.6	49.5	4.9^a	2.5	38.1	38.7	9.4	8.2
50 or Older	52.6^a	67.6	4.3	*	40.2	51.9	8.1	8.3
SUD and Serious Mental Illness	64.0	69.5	2.6	2.7	49.6	55.9	11.8	10.9
18-25	59.2	60.1	1.4	1.5	48.7	52.8	9.1	5.8
26 or Older	66.1	73.1	3.1	3.1	50.0	57.1	13.0	12.9
26-49	65.4	67.2	3.4	1.9	47.4	51.6	14.6	13.7
50 or Older	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Specialty facilities for substance use treatment include hospitals (inpatient only), rehabilitation facilities (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health centers. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.23A – Locations of Outpatient Mental Health Services among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Location of Mental Health Services¹	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness² (2017)	No Mental Illness² (2018)
Outpatient Mental Health Clinic or Center	4,759	4,517	3,596	3,479	1,810	1,825	1,786	1,655	1,163	1,037
Office of a Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor - Not Part of a Clinic	10,808^a	12,356	6,624^a	7,605	2,701	2,932	3,924^a	4,672	4,183	4,751
Doctor's Office - Not Part of a Clinic	2,980	2,834	2,119	2,062	1,050	880	1,068	1,182	861	772
Outpatient Medical Clinic	1,031	1,261	780	858	379	376	401	481	251	403
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	311	285	277	263	175	184	102	79	35	21
School or University Setting/Clinic/Center³	194	149	134	100	63	43	71	57	59	49
Some Other Place⁴	448	467	299	286	147	139	153	147	149	181
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple locations for receiving outpatient mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents were permitted to specify other locations for receiving outpatient mental health services. This location was the most commonly reported other location for receiving outpatient treatment/counseling. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Place Received Outpatient Mental Health Services were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.23B – Locations of Outpatient Mental Health Services among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Location of Mental Health Services¹	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness² (2017)	No Mental Illness² (2018)
Outpatient Mental Health Clinic or Center	25.8	23.3	30.2	28.2	36.0	36.8	26.0	22.4	17.8	14.8
Office of a Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor - Not Part of a Clinic	58.6^a	63.8	55.7^a	61.6	53.7	59.1	57.2^a	63.2	63.9	67.7
Doctor's Office - Not Part of a Clinic	16.2	14.6	17.8	16.7	20.9	17.8	15.6	16.0	13.2	11.0
Outpatient Medical Clinic	5.6	6.5	6.6	6.9	7.5	7.6	5.8	6.5	3.8	5.7
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	1.7	1.5	2.3	2.1	3.5	3.7	1.5	1.1	0.5	0.3
School or University Setting/Clinic/Center³	1.1	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.3	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.7
Some Other Place⁴	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.9	2.8	2.3	2.0	2.3	2.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple locations for receiving outpatient mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents were permitted to specify other locations for receiving outpatient mental health services. This location was the most commonly reported other location for receiving outpatient treatment/counseling. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Place Received Outpatient Mental Health Services were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.24A – Types and Locations of Mental Health Services Received in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Type and Location of Mental Health Services	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
ANY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²	36,416	37,101	19,813	20,579	7,454	7,277	12,359	13,302	16,603	16,522
Outpatient	18,517	19,461	11,906	12,377	5,033	4,970	6,873	7,407	6,611	7,084
Outpatient Mental Health Clinic or Center	4,759	4,517	3,596	3,479	1,810	1,825	1,786	1,655	1,163	1,037
Office of a Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor - Not Part of a Clinic	10,808^a	12,356	6,624^a	7,605	2,701	2,932	3,924^a	4,672	4,183	4,751
Doctor's Office - Not Part of a Clinic	2,980	2,834	2,119	2,062	1,050	880	1,068	1,182	861	772
Outpatient Medical Clinic	1,031	1,261	780	858	379	376	401	481	251	403
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	311	285	277	263	175	184	102	79	35	21
School or University Setting/Clinic/Center³	194	149	134	100	63	43	71	57	59	49
Some Other Place⁴	448	467	299	286	147	139	153	147	149	181
Inpatient	2,357	2,366	1,556	1,580	850	824	706	756	801	786
Prescription Medication	29,757	30,115	16,603	17,219	6,589	6,420	10,014	10,799	13,154	12,896
DID NOT RECEIVE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES	209,384	210,232	26,645	26,926	3,714	4,075	22,930	22,851	182,740	183,306
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple service types; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents were permitted to specify other locations for receiving outpatient mental health services. This location was the most commonly reported other location for receiving outpatient treatment/counseling. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Place Received Outpatient Mental Health Services were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.24B – Types and Locations of Mental Health Services Received in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Type and Location of Mental Health Services	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness (2018)	Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Serious Mental Illness (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)
ANY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²	14.8	15.0	42.6	43.3	66.7	64.1	35.0	36.8	8.3	8.3
Outpatient	7.5	7.9	25.7	26.1	45.3	43.9	19.5	20.5	3.3	3.5
Outpatient Mental Health Clinic or Center	1.9	1.8	7.8	7.3	16.3	16.1	5.1	4.6	0.6	0.5
Office of a Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor - Not Part of a Clinic	4.4^a	5.0	14.3^a	16.0	24.3	25.9	11.1^a	12.9	2.1	2.4
Doctor's Office - Not Part of a Clinic	1.2	1.1	4.6	4.4	9.5	7.8	3.0	3.3	0.4	0.4
Outpatient Medical Clinic	0.4	0.5	1.7	1.8	3.4	3.3	1.1	1.3	0.1	0.2
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.6	1.6	1.6	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0
School or University Setting/Clinic/Center³	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0
Some Other Place⁴	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.2	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1
Inpatient	1.0	1.0	3.3	3.3	7.6	7.3	2.0	2.1	0.4	0.4
Prescription Medication	12.1	12.2	35.7	36.2	58.9	56.5	28.3	29.9	6.6	6.4
DID NOT RECEIVE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES	85.2	85.0	57.4	56.7	33.3	35.9	65.0	63.2	91.7	91.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. NOTE: Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ² Respondents could indicate multiple service types; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents were permitted to specify other locations for receiving outpatient mental health services. This location was the most commonly reported other location for receiving outpatient treatment/counseling. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Place Received Outpatient Mental Health Services were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.25A – Locations of Outpatient Mental Health Services among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Location of Mental Health Services¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
Outpatient Mental Health Clinic or Center	4,759	4,517	824	882	3,935	3,635	2,208	2,103	1,726	1,531
Office of a Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor - Not Part of a Clinic	10,808^a	12,356	1,871	2,062	8,936^a	10,294	5,157	5,488	3,780^a	4,806
Doctor's Office - Not Part of a Clinic	2,980	2,834	358	307	2,622	2,527	1,342	1,279	1,280	1,248
Outpatient Medical Clinic	1,031	1,261	154	163	876	1,098	496	632	380	466
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	311	285	87	111	224	174	137	141	88	33
School or University Setting/Clinic/Center²	194	149	156	123	38	26	38	26	*	*
Some Other Place³	448	467	46	64	402	403	173	174	229	229
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple locations for receiving outpatient mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Respondents were permitted to specify other locations for receiving outpatient mental health services. This location was the most commonly reported other location for receiving outpatient treatment/counseling. ³ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Place Received Outpatient Mental Health Services were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.25B – Locations of Outpatient Mental Health Services among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Location of Mental Health Services¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
Outpatient Mental Health Clinic or Center	25.8	23.3	27.2	28.3	25.6	22.4	26.2	24.0	24.8	20.5
Office of a Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor - Not Part of a Clinic	58.6^a	63.8	61.7^a	66.3	58.0^a	63.3	61.1	62.6	54.3^a	64.3
Doctor's Office - Not Part of a Clinic	16.2	14.6	11.8	9.9	17.0	15.6	15.9	14.6	18.4	16.7
Outpatient Medical Clinic	5.6	6.5	5.1	5.2	5.7	6.8	5.9	7.2	5.5	6.2
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	1.7	1.5	2.9	3.6	1.5	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.3	0.4
School or University Setting/Clinic/Center²	1.1	0.8	5.2	4.0	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.3	*	*
Some Other Place³	2.5	2.4	1.5	2.1	2.6	2.5	2.1	2.0	3.3	3.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple locations for receiving outpatient mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Respondents were permitted to specify other locations for receiving outpatient mental health services. This location was the most commonly reported other location for receiving outpatient treatment/counseling. ³ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Place Received Outpatient Mental Health Services were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.26A – Sources of Payment for Outpatient Mental Health Services among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source of Payment¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
Self or Family Member Living in Household	6,541^a	7,310	1,227	1,371	5,313	5,939	3,093^a	3,523	2,220	2,416
Family Member Not Living in Household	399^a	621	258	338	141^a	283	65^a	234	76	49
Private Health Insurance	6,928^a	7,889	1,064	1,114	5,864^a	6,775	3,392	3,731	2,472	3,045
Medicare	2,855	2,837	254	212	2,602	2,625	805	710	1,797	1,915
Medicaid	2,395	2,318	295	322	2,101	1,996	1,321	1,249	780	747
Rehabilitation Program	65	30	2	9	64	21	22	21	42	*
Employer	1,097	1,289	100	105	997	1,184	692	646	305^a	538
VA or Other Military Program	1,074	1,083	59	32	1,015	1,051	401	400	614	652
Other Public Source	477	462	64	63	413	399	184	211	229	187
Other Private Source	174	275	57	42	117^a	233	97	131	20^a	103
Free Treatment	1,037	886	402	344	635	542	410	360	225	182
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple sources of payment for outpatient mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.26B – Sources of Payment for Outpatient Mental Health Services among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Received Outpatient Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source of Payment¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
Self or Family Member Living in Household	35.8	37.9	41.1	44.5	34.7	36.7	36.9	40.3	32.1	32.4
Family Member Not Living in Household	2.2^a	3.2	8.6	11.0	0.9^a	1.7	0.8^a	2.7	1.1	0.7
Private Health Insurance	37.9	40.9	35.7	36.1	38.3	41.8	40.5	42.7	35.7	40.8
Medicare	15.6	14.7	8.5	6.9	17.0	16.2	9.6	8.1	26.0	25.7
Medicaid	13.1	12.0	9.9	10.5	13.7	12.3	15.8	14.3	11.3	10.0
Rehabilitation Program	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.6	*
Employer	6.0	6.7	3.3	3.4	6.5	7.3	8.3	7.4	4.4	7.2
VA or Other Military Program	5.9	5.6	2.0	1.0	6.6	6.5	4.8	4.6	8.9	8.7
Other Public Source	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.4	3.3	2.5
Other Private Source	1.0	1.4	1.9	1.3	0.8^a	1.4	1.2	1.5	0.3^a	1.4
Free Treatment	5.7	4.6	13.5	11.2	4.2	3.3	4.9	4.1	3.3	2.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown mental health services information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple sources of payment for outpatient mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.27A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	13,475	14,215	6,991	7,349	6,451	6,845
AGE GROUP
18-25	3,894^a	4,261	1,776	1,763	2,103^a	2,489
26 or Older	9,581	9,954	5,215	5,586	4,348	4,356
26-49	6,527^a	7,110	3,414	3,654	3,095	3,445
50 or Older	3,054	2,844	1,801	1,931	1,253	911
GENDER
Male	4,288	4,245	1,872	2,025	2,409	2,214
Female	9,187^a	9,969	5,119	5,324	4,042^a	4,630
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	11,988	12,077	6,265	6,264	5,699	5,792
White	9,813	9,938	5,217	5,393	4,582	4,528
Black or African American	1,174	1,228	630	522	537^a	706
AIAN	74	80	*	*	30	33
NHOPI	*	20	*	*	1	*
Asian	522	451	193	115	327	336
Two or More Races	397	359	174	176	223	180
Hispanic or Latino	1,487^a	2,138	725^a	1,085	752^a	1,052
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	6,212	6,590	2,897	3,192	3,311	3,397
Part-Time	2,634	2,938	1,426	1,395	1,193^a	1,537
Unemployed	938	800	429	405	506	395
Other³	3,692	3,887	2,238	2,356	1,441	1,515
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.27B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	5.5	5.7	19.2	19.9	3.1	3.3
AGE GROUP
18-25	11.4^a	12.6	35.1	34.5	7.3^a	8.7
26 or Older	4.5	4.7	16.7	17.5	2.4	2.4
26-49	6.5	7.1	21.8	22.8	3.7	4.1
50 or Older	2.7	2.5	11.5	12.2	1.3	0.9
GENDER
Male	3.6	3.6	15.1	16.8	2.3	2.1
Female	7.2^a	7.8	21.4	21.3	3.9^a	4.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.8	5.8	19.0	18.7	3.3	3.3
White	6.2	6.3	18.2	18.5	3.6	3.5
Black or African American	4.0	4.2	25.1	20.6	2.0^a	2.6
AIAN	5.8	5.4	*	*	2.6	2.5
NHOPI	*	2.2	*	*	0.1	*
Asian	3.8	3.2	23.9^a	12.9	2.5	2.6
Two or More Races	9.5	8.4	21.7	26.6	6.7	5.0
Hispanic or Latino	3.8^a	5.3	21.8^a	31.0	2.1^a	2.9
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	5.1	5.4	18.4	19.3	3.1	3.2
Part-Time	8.2	9.2	24.5	24.9	4.6^a	5.8
Unemployed	8.9	8.1	25.8	27.6	5.7	4.7
Other³	4.6	4.7	17.0	17.6	2.1	2.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.28A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	13,475	14,215	6,991	7,349	6,451	6,845
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2,338	2,468	1,157	1,390	1,170	1,069
Midwest	2,887	3,139	1,552	1,677	1,331	1,458
South	4,724	4,987	2,530	2,439	2,175^a	2,543
West	3,527	3,621	1,751	1,844	1,775	1,775
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	7,554	7,952	3,796	3,786	3,741	4,162
Small Metro	4,222	4,427	2,280	2,482	1,932	1,933
Nonmetro	1,699	1,836	915	1,081	778	749
Urbanized	729	870	385	459	344	411
Less Urbanized	861	820	454	526	403	289
Completely Rural	108	145	76	95	32	50
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	2,644	2,804	1,452	1,651	1,187	1,146
100-199%	2,950	3,135	1,668	1,520	1,270^a	1,605
200% or More	7,794	8,160	3,832	4,133	3,946	4,022
EDUCATION
< High School	1,254	1,303	691	794	557	508
High School Graduate	2,516	2,733	1,253	1,304	1,260	1,426
Some College/Associate's Degree	5,154	5,546	2,757	2,989	2,382	2,546
College Graduate	4,551	4,633	2,289	2,263	2,252	2,365
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	8,050	8,330	4,002	4,139	4,031	4,173
Medicaid/CHIP	3,057	3,199	1,878	1,947	1,174	1,251
Other⁵	2,144	2,223	1,371	1,502	773	719
No Coverage	1,471^a	1,853	552^a	762	907	1,091
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.28B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	5.5	5.7	19.2	19.9	3.1	3.3
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	5.3	5.7	17.2	18.9	3.2	3.0
Midwest	5.6	6.1	18.1	18.9	3.1	3.4
South	5.1	5.3	19.7	19.4	2.7	3.1
West	6.1	6.2	21.4	22.3	3.6	3.5
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	5.5	5.8	19.4	19.6	3.2	3.5
Small Metro	5.8	6.0	19.6	20.3	3.2	3.1
Nonmetro	4.8	5.1	17.8	19.7	2.6	2.5
Urbanized	4.8	5.4	17.3	17.8	2.7	3.0
Less Urbanized	5.0	5.0	18.7	22.5	2.7	2.1
Completely Rural	3.5	4.4	15.3	17.0	1.2	1.8
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	7.8	8.2	24.9	28.5	4.2	4.1
100-199%	6.1	6.4	24.5	24.9	3.1^a	3.8
200% or More	4.8	5.0	16.2	16.5	2.8	2.9
EDUCATION
< High School	4.1	4.3	21.4	25.0	2.1	1.9
High School Graduate	4.2	4.5	17.4	18.3	2.4	2.6
Some College/Associate's Degree	6.7	7.2	21.8	23.1	3.7	4.0
College Graduate	5.7	5.9	17.3	16.4	3.4	3.6
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	4.9	5.1	16.8	16.7	2.9	3.0
Medicaid/CHIP	8.5	8.8	24.8	28.6	4.2	4.2
Other⁵	3.2	3.3	13.7	14.5	1.4	1.3
No Coverage	6.3^a	7.6	28.9^a	38.4	4.3	4.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.29A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	11,052	11,208	6,085	6,223	4,938	4,966
AGE GROUP
18-25	3,114	3,370	1,537	1,537	1,566^a	1,824
26 or Older	7,938	7,839	4,548	4,686	3,372	3,142
26-49	5,446	5,732	3,032	3,195	2,396	2,527
50 or Older	2,492	2,107	1,516	1,491	976^a	614
GENDER
Male	3,403	3,333	1,629	1,675	1,771	1,653
Female	7,649	7,875	4,456	4,548	3,167	3,312
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9,822	9,469	5,460	5,294	4,342	4,155
White	8,041	7,881	4,546	4,587	3,485	3,278
Black or African American	960	878	545	412	408	466
AIAN	*	55	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	426	328	*	85	254	244
Two or More Races	319	307	154	*	165	138
Hispanic or Latino	1,230^a	1,739	625^a	928	596^a	811
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4,999	5,190	2,499	2,685	2,500	2,505
Part-Time	2,088	2,291	1,188	1,214	886	1,073
Unemployed	803	634	384	353	418^a	282
Other³	3,161	3,093	2,014	1,972	1,135	1,106
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.29B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	23.7	23.6	30.7	30.3	18.5	18.5
AGE GROUP
18-25	35.3^a	37.9	45.5	46.3	28.9^a	32.8
26 or Older	21.0	20.3	27.7	27.3	15.9	14.7
26-49	24.5	25.3	31.6	32.2	19.0	19.9
50 or Older	16.1	13.2	22.2	20.5	11.3^a	7.1
GENDER
Male	18.9	18.3	26.0	26.5	15.1	13.9
Female	26.8	26.9	32.9	32.1	21.3	22.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	24.2	23.3	30.6	29.0	19.2	18.6
White	25.0	24.5	29.5	29.2	20.9	20.1
Black or African American	20.2	18.3	37.6^a	28.2	12.4	14.0
AIAN	*	16.5	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	21.3	15.9	*	16.3	15.9	15.8
Two or More Races	26.6	26.8	33.7	*	22.5	17.8
Hispanic or Latino	20.4^a	25.5	32.0^a	41.6	14.7	17.7
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	24.0	23.8	31.4	30.5	19.4	19.3
Part-Time	29.4	32.4	37.0	38.2	22.9	27.7
Unemployed	28.5	23.1	35.7	34.2	24.0^a	16.4
Other³	20.0	19.5	26.7	26.3	13.9	13.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.30A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	11,052	11,208	6,085	6,223	4,938	4,966
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1,929	1,873	1,005	1,164	914^a	702
Midwest	2,383	2,506	1,374	1,428	1,009	1,074
South	3,844	3,972	2,204	2,057	1,621	1,910
West	2,896	2,857	1,502	1,575	1,394	1,280
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6,098	6,052	3,244	3,124	2,840	2,924
Small Metro	3,525	3,647	2,003	2,204	1,512	1,432
Nonmetro	1,429	1,510	838	895	586	610
Urbanized	609	688	342	374	267	314
Less Urbanized	718	698	423	443	290	250
Completely Rural	102	124	*	*	*	*
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	2,122	2,323	1,282	1,408	835	909
100-199%	2,545	2,518	1,480	1,354	1,055	1,154
200% or More	6,320	6,270	3,288	3,420	3,016	2,847
EDUCATION
< High School	988	1,011	607	628	379	381
High School Graduate	2,048	2,236	1,048	1,119	997	1,113
Some College/Associate's Degree	4,374	4,624	2,460	2,666	1,899	1,947
College Graduate	3,643	3,337	1,970	1,810	1,663	1,524
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	6,399	6,327	3,358	3,440	3,025	2,869
Medicaid/CHIP	2,622	2,668	1,694	1,719	924	949
Other⁵	1,793	1,685	1,232	1,156	560	527
No Coverage	1,270^a	1,577	507^a	708	754	869
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.30B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	23.7	23.6	30.7	30.3	18.5	18.5
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	24.4	22.7	29.7	31.0	20.4^a	15.7
Midwest	23.3	24.3	29.1	29.6	18.5	19.7
South	22.8	23.5	31.1	29.2	16.7	19.4
West	25.0	23.8	32.6	32.3	20.0	18.0
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	24.2	23.6	32.2	29.6	18.9	19.4
Small Metro	24.1	23.9	29.9	31.3	19.2	17.5
Nonmetro	21.1	22.9	27.6	30.6	15.8	16.8
Urbanized	20.5	21.9	27.0	28.7	15.7	17.1
Less Urbanized	22.4	24.8	29.2	34.3	16.6	16.7
Completely Rural	17.1	19.6	*	*	*	*
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	24.3	25.7	32.1	35.0	17.8	18.2
100-199%	25.1	25.1	35.4	36.2	17.8	18.4
200% or More	23.0	22.3	28.4	27.0	19.0	18.4
EDUCATION
< High School	18.7	18.0	31.6	33.5	11.3	10.2
High School Graduate	19.8	20.2	26.4	26.4	15.7	16.3
Some College/Associate's Degree	26.5	27.1	32.8	34.5	21.2	20.9
College Graduate	25.2	24.3	30.7	27.2	20.8	21.7
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	22.9	22.5	28.8	27.2	18.7	18.6
Medicaid/CHIP	26.1	25.7	33.6	36.3	18.5	16.9
Other⁵	16.5	15.2	23.5	22.9	10.1	8.7
No Coverage	26.0	29.4	38.8	48.4	21.2	22.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.31A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	4,939	5,116	3,320	3,268	1,606	1,845
AGE GROUP
18-25	1,431	1,549	844	819	582^a	726
26 or Older	3,509	3,567	2,475	2,448	1,024	1,119
26-49	2,520	2,660	1,696	1,755	814	905
50 or Older	989	907	779	693	*	*
GENDER
Male	1,503	1,593	878	930	624	663
Female	3,436	3,523	2,441	2,337	983	1,182
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4,468	4,323	3,060	2,761	1,404	1,559
White	3,667	3,590	2,523	2,398	1,144	1,190
Black or African American	435	391	310	217	122	174
AIAN	*	*	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	*	*	*	*	*	*
Two or More Races	*	*	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	471^a	793	259^a	507	202	286
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	2,038	2,144	1,256	1,239	782	905
Part-Time	929	950	648	597	280	353
Unemployed	396	383	*	*	*	*
Other³	1,577	1,639	1,200	1,210	364	426
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.31B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	44.2	45.1	44.6	45.0	43.2	45.4
AGE GROUP
18-25	55.9	59.5	57.7	58.5	53.5	60.6
26 or Older	40.7	40.8	41.3	41.8	39.0	39.0
26-49	45.2	45.2	46.0	47.0	43.3	42.3
50 or Older	32.5	31.9	33.9	32.7	*	*
GENDER
Male	38.7	39.9	39.2	41.3	38.1	38.0
Female	47.1	48.0	46.8	46.7	47.3	50.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	45.0	43.8	45.3	42.9	44.3	45.6
White	45.1	44.6	44.0	44.4	48.1	45.2
Black or African American	42.6	36.3	54.1^a	34.8	27.4	38.5
AIAN	*	*	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	*	*	*	*	*	*
Two or More Races	*	*	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	37.5^a	53.9	37.1^a	61.6	37.1	44.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	45.2	44.6	46.7	44.0	43.0	45.8
Part-Time	51.7	51.1	52.1	50.3	51.0	52.5
Unemployed	49.4	48.6	*	*	*	*
Other³	38.6	42.1	38.8	43.5	37.4	38.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.32A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	4,939	5,116	3,320	3,268	1,606	1,845
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	766	793	519	569	236	224
Midwest	1,059^a	1,290	746	831	313^a	458
South	1,837	1,740	1,230	1,101	604	636
West	1,277	1,294	824	766	452	528
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	2,478	2,618	1,638	1,576	829	1,042
Small Metro	1,700	1,742	1,141	1,196	559	546
Nonmetro	761	756	540	496	218	257
Urbanized	285	299	196	179	*	*
Less Urbanized	430	391	304	273	*	*
Completely Rural	*	*	*	*	*	*
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	1,112	1,234	780	833	330	401
100-199%	1,268	1,156	875	736	392	416
200% or More	2,531	2,690	1,643	1,682	878	1,007
EDUCATION
< High School	436	481	312	349	122	*
High School Graduate	1,053	1,133	604	632	448	498
Some College/Associate's Degree	2,004	2,250	1,395	1,508	609	742
College Graduate	1,446	1,252	1,009^a	779	428	473
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	2,541	2,566	1,705	1,598	835	965
Medicaid/CHIP	1,323	1,338	999	970	321	368
Other⁵	866	817	699	662	*	155
No Coverage	664^a	918	311^a	508	344	409
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.32B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Total¹		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES²
	Total¹		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	44.2	45.1	44.6	45.0	43.2	45.4
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	44.7	44.1	45.7	48.3	41.8	36.2
Midwest	43.3	48.9	44.1	46.7	41.7^a	53.4
South	44.0	43.3	45.8	42.0	40.8	46.2
West	44.8	44.8	42.6	45.8	49.5	43.4
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	44.4	45.8	46.3	44.1	40.8	48.6
Small Metro	45.4	44.3	44.1	45.9	48.4	41.5
Nonmetro	40.9	44.7	40.8	46.1	41.2	42.5
Urbanized	36.0	40.2	34.5	37.6	*	*
Less Urbanized	45.4	52.1	45.8	59.9	*	*
Completely Rural	*	*	*	*	*	*
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	44.4	45.5	45.1	47.2	42.6	42.6
100-199%	47.5	47.6	48.0	50.2	46.3	43.3
200% or More	42.5	43.7	42.5	42.0	42.2	47.1
EDUCATION
< High School	34.5	39.6	42.8	44.4	23.0	*
High School Graduate	39.5	40.3	35.3	39.1	47.2	42.0
Some College/Associate's Degree	44.8	49.6	45.1	50.3	44.3	48.5
College Graduate	51.9	45.2	52.6^a	42.1	49.7	51.3
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	43.7	43.1	43.8	40.9	43.5	47.3
Medicaid/CHIP	44.5	45.0	44.9	47.8	43.1	39.0
Other⁵	34.2	35.0	34.4	37.1	*	28.3
No Coverage	48.6^a	60.5	57.1^a	71.2	42.3	51.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.33A – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Services¹	Total²		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES³
	Total²		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL POPULATION	13,475	14,215	6,991	7,349	6,451	6,845
Could Not Afford Cost	5,465	5,411	2,742	2,587	2,705	2,815
Might Cause Neighbors/Community to Have Negative Opinion	1,453	1,467	730	665	721	801
Might Have Negative Effect on Job	1,382	1,320	660	679	722	641
Health Insurance Does Not Cover Any Mental Health Services	1,051	1,100	485	551	558	545
Health Insurance Does Not Pay Enough for Mental Health Services	2,063	2,213	1,195	1,143	867	1,065
Did Not Know Where to Go for Services	3,300	3,432	1,523	1,552	1,767	1,879
Concerned about Confidentiality	1,236	1,199	583	473	652	726
Concerned about Being Committed/Having to Take Medicine	1,537	1,731	816	888	719	841
Did Not Feel Need for Treatment at the Time	1,330	1,465	637	686	691	778
Thought Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment	3,914	3,709	1,695	1,641	2,201	2,067
Treatment Would Not Help	1,547	1,572	746	870	791	703
Did Not Have Time	2,819	2,832	1,340	1,406	1,461	1,415
Did Not Want Others to Find Out	1,156	1,053	437	381	719	671
No Transportation/Inconvenient	630	722	381	459	244	263
Some Other Reason⁴	1,213^a	1,502	739	880	472	618
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Reason for Not Receiving Mental Health Services were classified as not having received treatment/counseling for Some Other Reason. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.33B – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Services¹	Total²		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES³
	Total²		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Could Not Afford Cost	40.8	38.5	39.5	35.7	42.2	41.5
Might Cause Neighbors/Community to Have Negative Opinion	10.8	10.4	10.5	9.2	11.3	11.8
Might Have Negative Effect on Job	10.3	9.4	9.5	9.4	11.3	9.4
Health Insurance Does Not Cover Any Mental Health Services	7.8	7.8	7.0	7.6	8.7	8.0
Health Insurance Does Not Pay Enough for Mental Health Services	15.4	15.7	17.2	15.8	13.5	15.7
Did Not Know Where to Go for Services	24.6	24.4	21.9	21.4	27.6	27.7
Concerned about Confidentiality	9.2	8.5	8.4	6.5	10.2	10.7
Concerned about Being Committed/Having to Take Medicine	11.5	12.3	11.7	12.3	11.2	12.4
Did Not Feel Need for Treatment at the Time	9.9	10.4	9.2	9.5	10.8	11.5
Thought Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment	29.2	26.4	24.4	22.7	34.3	30.4
Treatment Would Not Help	11.6	11.2	10.7	12.0	12.3	10.3
Did Not Have Time	21.1	20.2	19.3	19.4	22.8	20.8
Did Not Want Others to Find Out	8.6	7.5	6.3	5.3	11.2	9.9
No Transportation/Inconvenient	4.7	5.1	5.5	6.3	3.8	3.9
Some Other Reason⁴	9.1	10.7	10.6	12.2	7.4	9.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Reason for Not Receiving Mental Health Services were classified as not having received treatment/counseling for Some Other Reason. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.34A – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness and a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Services¹	Total²		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES³
	Total²		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL POPULATION	11,052	11,208	6,085	6,223	4,938	4,966
Could Not Afford Cost	4,638	4,529	2,430	2,283	2,191	2,238
Might Cause Neighbors/Community to Have Negative Opinion	1,270	1,227	663	616	605	610
Might Have Negative Effect on Job	1,217	1,159	624	618	594	541
Health Insurance Does Not Cover Any Mental Health Services	881	884	418	439	455	441
Health Insurance Does Not Pay Enough for Mental Health Services	1,724	1,846	1,082	1,047	642	794
Did Not Know Where to Go for Services	2,818	2,799	1,371	1,348	1,436	1,449
Concerned about Confidentiality	1,067	1,030	536	429	531	601
Concerned about Being Committed/Having to Take Medicine	1,418	1,564	776	862	639	698
Did Not Feel Need for Treatment at the Time	1,022	1,139	521	605	498	533
Thought Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment	3,147	2,855	1,454	1,387	1,676	1,468
Treatment Would Not Help	1,329	1,329	690	761	630	569
Did Not Have Time	2,186	2,317	1,118	1,255	1,051	1,053
Did Not Want Others to Find Out	1,005	876	404	338	601	538
No Transportation/Inconvenient	554	624	345	440	203	184
Some Other Reason⁴	1,039^a	1,316	652	781	385^a	531
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Reason for Not Receiving Mental Health Services were classified as not having received treatment/counseling for Some Other Reason. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.34B – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness and a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Services¹	Total²		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES³
	Total²		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Could Not Afford Cost	42.2	40.7	40.1	37.1	44.6	45.2
Might Cause Neighbors/Community to Have Negative Opinion	11.5	11.0	10.9	10.0	12.3	12.3
Might Have Negative Effect on Job	11.1	10.4	10.3	10.1	12.1	10.9
Health Insurance Does Not Cover Any Mental Health Services	8.0	8.0	6.9	7.1	9.3	8.9
Health Insurance Does Not Pay Enough for Mental Health Services	15.7	16.6	17.8	17.0	13.1	16.0
Did Not Know Where to Go for Services	25.6	25.2	22.6	21.9	29.2	29.3
Concerned about Confidentiality	9.7	9.3	8.8	7.0	10.8	12.1
Concerned about Being Committed/Having to Take Medicine	12.9	14.1	12.8	14.0	13.0	14.1
Did Not Feel Need for Treatment at the Time	9.3	10.2	8.6	9.8	10.1	10.8
Thought Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment	28.6	25.7	24.0	22.6	34.1^a	29.6
Treatment Would Not Help	12.1	12.0	11.4	12.4	12.8	11.5
Did Not Have Time	19.9	20.8	18.4	20.4	21.4	21.3
Did Not Want Others to Find Out	9.1	7.9	6.7	5.5	12.2	10.9
No Transportation/Inconvenient	5.0	5.6	5.7	7.2	4.1	3.7
Some Other Reason⁴	9.4^a	11.8	10.8	12.7	7.8^a	10.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Mental Illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Reason for Not Receiving Mental Health Services were classified as not having received treatment/counseling for Some Other Reason. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.35A – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness and a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Services¹	Total²		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES³
	Total²		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL POPULATION	4,939	5,116	3,320	3,268	1,606	1,845
Could Not Afford Cost	2,267	2,351	1,422	1,338	836	1,009
Might Cause Neighbors/Community to Have Negative Opinion	606	667	355	401	250	266
Might Have Negative Effect on Job	622	668	360	417	262	251
Health Insurance Does Not Cover Any Mental Health Services	402	493	224	304	177	189
Health Insurance Does Not Pay Enough for Mental Health Services	820	973	579	617	240	352
Did Not Know Where to Go for Services	1,283	1,365	760	781	513	584
Concerned about Confidentiality	544	617	301	308	243	308
Concerned about Being Committed/Having to Take Medicine	945	1,044	615	624	328	416
Did Not Feel Need for Treatment at the Time	411	473	291	304	118	169
Thought Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment	1,238	1,131	734	663	493	468
Treatment Would Not Help	644	674	378	408	257	266
Did Not Have Time	862	946	575	610	277	335
Did Not Want Others to Find Out	418	454	217	211	201	243
No Transportation/Inconvenient	317	410	237	318	79	92
Some Other Reason⁴	516	641	359	440	157	202
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Reason for Not Receiving Mental Health Services were classified as not having received treatment/counseling for Some Other Reason. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190417

Table 8.35B – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness and a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in Past Year, by Receipt of Past Year Mental Health Services: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Services¹	Total²		MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES³
	Total²		Received		Not Received
	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Could Not Afford Cost	46.1	46.1	42.9	41.2	52.5	54.7
Might Cause Neighbors/Community to Have Negative Opinion	12.3	13.1	10.7	12.3	15.7	14.4
Might Have Negative Effect on Job	12.6	13.1	10.9	12.8	16.4	13.6
Health Insurance Does Not Cover Any Mental Health Services	8.2	9.7	6.8	9.4	11.1	10.3
Health Insurance Does Not Pay Enough for Mental Health Services	16.7	19.1	17.5	19.0	15.1	19.1
Did Not Know Where to Go for Services	26.1	26.8	22.9	24.0	32.2	31.6
Concerned about Confidentiality	11.0	12.1	9.1	9.5	15.3	16.7
Concerned about Being Committed/Having to Take Medicine	19.2	20.5	18.5	19.2	20.6	22.5
Did Not Feel Need for Treatment at the Time	8.4	9.3	8.8	9.3	7.4	9.2
Thought Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment	25.2	22.2	22.2	20.4	30.9	25.4
Treatment Would Not Help	13.1	13.2	11.4	12.6	16.1	14.4
Did Not Have Time	17.5	18.6	17.4	18.8	17.4	18.2
Did Not Want Others to Find Out	8.5	8.9	6.6	6.5	12.6	13.2
No Transportation/Inconvenient	6.4	8.0	7.2	9.8	5.0	5.0
Some Other Reason⁴	10.5	12.6	10.8	13.5	9.9	10.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. NOTE: Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² The Total column includes respondents with unknown mental health services information. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on Some Other Reason for Not Receiving Mental Health Services were classified as not having received treatment/counseling for Some Other Reason. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.36A – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	17,297	17,720	6,266	6,272	11,031	11,447
18-25	4,416	4,609	1,618	1,665	2,799	2,943
18-20	1,731	1,818	658	631	1,073	1,187
21-25	2,685	2,790	960	1,034	1,725	1,756
26 or Older	12,880	13,111	4,648	4,607	8,232	8,504
26-49	7,635	7,990	2,744	2,956	4,891	5,034
26-29	1,668^a	1,996	564^a	797	1,104	1,199
30-34	1,676	1,911	718	696	958^a	1,215
35-39	1,432	1,467	457	565	974	902
40-44	1,469	1,319	485	483	984	836
45-49	1,390	1,295	520	415	870	881
50 or Older	5,245	5,121	1,904	1,651	3,341	3,470
50-54	1,297	1,382	521	530	776	852
55-59	1,421	1,281	509	437	911	843
60-64	1,107	971	396	262	710	709
65 or Older	1,420	1,488	478	422	943	1,066
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.36B – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	7.1	7.2	5.3	5.3	8.7	9.0
18-25	13.1	13.8	9.5	9.9	16.6	17.6
18-20	13.6	14.2	9.9	9.3	17.8	19.6
21-25	12.7	13.5	9.3	10.3	15.9	16.5
26 or Older	6.1	6.2	4.6	4.5	7.5	7.7
26-49	7.7	8.0	5.6	6.0	9.7	10.0
26-29	9.4^a	11.4	6.6^a	9.1	12.1	13.7
30-34	7.8	8.7	6.6	6.4	9.0^a	10.9
35-39	6.9	6.8	4.5	5.4	9.2	8.2
40-44	7.5	6.8	5.1	5.0	9.7	8.6
45-49	7.0	6.7	5.2	4.4	8.7	8.9
50 or Older	4.7	4.5	3.7	3.1	5.6	5.8
50-54	6.3	6.8	5.4	5.3	7.0	8.1
55-59	6.5	5.9	4.9	4.4	8.1	7.3
60-64	5.6	4.8	3.9	2.6	7.3	7.1
65 or Older	2.9	2.9	2.2	1.9	3.5	3.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.37A – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	11,007	11,489	3,777	4,013	7,230	7,476
18-25	2,887	2,968	1,020	1,087	1,867	1,881
18-20	1,144	1,183	432	417	712	766
21-25	1,743	1,785	588	670	1,155	1,115
26 or Older	8,119	8,520	2,757	2,926	5,363	5,595
26-49	5,019	5,284	1,718	1,980	3,301	3,304
26-29	1,132	1,326	366	530	766	796
30-34	1,035	1,259	381	480	654	778
35-39	1,011	973	327	366	684	606
40-44	1,003	895	324	345	679	550
45-49	837	831	320	258	517	573
50 or Older	3,101	3,236	1,039	946	2,062	2,291
50-54	727	976	297	287	430^a	689
55-59	992	852	307	311	684	541
60-64	621	588	230	128	391	460
65 or Older	761	820	204	220	557	601
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. NOTE: Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.37B – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Gender and Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Age Category	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Male (2017)	Male (2018)	Female (2017)	Female (2018)
TOTAL	4.5	4.7	3.2	3.4	5.7	5.9
18-25	8.5	8.9	6.0	6.5	11.1	11.3
18-20	9.0	9.2	6.5	6.2	11.8	12.6
21-25	8.2	8.6	5.7	6.7	10.7	10.5
26 or Older	3.9	4.0	2.7	2.9	4.9	5.1
26-49	5.0	5.3	3.5	4.0	6.5	6.5
26-29	6.4	7.6	4.3	6.0	8.4	9.1
30-34	4.8	5.7	3.5	4.4	6.2	7.0
35-39	4.9	4.5	3.2	3.5	6.5	5.5
40-44	5.1	4.6	3.4	3.6	6.7	5.7
45-49	4.2	4.3	3.2	2.8	5.2	5.8
50 or Older	2.8	2.9	2.0	1.8	3.5	3.8
50-54	3.5	4.8	3.1	2.9	3.9^a	6.6
55-59	4.6	4.0	3.0	3.1	6.1	4.7
60-64	3.1	2.9	2.3	1.3	4.0	4.6
65 or Older	1.5	1.6	0.9	1.0	2.0	2.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. NOTE: Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.38A – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year, by Gender and Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Gender/Age Group	Had MDE (2017)	Had MDE (2018)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2017)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2018)
TOTAL	17,297	17,720	11,007	11,489	11,548	11,462	7,923	7,878
18-25	4,416	4,609	2,887	2,968	2,238	2,286	1,649	1,594
26 or Older	12,880	13,111	8,119	8,520	9,310	9,176	6,274	6,283
26-49	7,635	7,990	5,019	5,284	5,128	5,142	3,596	3,593
50 or Older	5,245	5,121	3,101	3,236	4,182	4,034	2,678	2,691
MALE	6,266	6,272	3,777	4,013	3,650	3,548	2,408	2,464
18-25	1,618	1,665	1,020	1,087	701	674	500	496
26 or Older	4,648	4,607	2,757	2,926	2,949	2,875	1,908	1,969
26-49	2,744	2,956	1,718	1,980	1,500	1,660	1,001	1,220
50 or Older	1,904	1,651	1,039	946	1,449	1,215	908	*
FEMALE	11,031	11,447	7,230	7,476	7,898	7,914	5,515	5,414
18-25	2,799	2,943	1,867	1,881	1,537	1,612	1,149	1,099
26 or Older	8,232	8,504	5,363	5,595	6,361	6,302	4,366	4,315
26-49	4,891	5,034	3,301	3,304	3,628	3,482	2,596	2,372
50 or Older	3,341	3,470	2,062	2,291	2,733	2,819	1,770	1,942
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown treatment for depression data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.38B – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year, by Gender and Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Gender/Age Group	Had MDE (2017)	Had MDE (2018)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2017)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2018)
TOTAL	7.1	7.2	4.5	4.7	66.8	64.8	72.1^a	68.6
18-25	13.1	13.8	8.5	8.9	50.7	49.6	57.1	53.7
26 or Older	6.1	6.2	3.9	4.0	72.4	70.1	77.4	73.8
26-49	7.7	8.0	5.0	5.3	67.3	64.4	71.8	68.0
50 or Older	4.7	4.5	2.8	2.9	79.7	78.9	86.4	83.1
MALE	5.3	5.3	3.2	3.4	58.3	56.7	63.8	61.4
18-25	9.5	9.9	6.0	6.5	43.3	40.5	49.0	45.6
26 or Older	4.6	4.5	2.7	2.9	63.5	62.6	69.2	67.3
26-49	5.6	6.0	3.5	4.0	54.7	56.3	58.3	61.7
50 or Older	3.7	3.1	2.0	1.8	76.1	73.9	87.4	*
FEMALE	8.7	9.0	5.7	5.9	71.7	69.2	76.4^a	72.4
18-25	16.6	17.6	11.1	11.3	55.0	54.8	61.6	58.4
26 or Older	7.5	7.7	4.9	5.1	77.4	74.1	81.6^a	77.1
26-49	9.7	10.0	6.5	6.5	74.4^a	69.2	78.9^a	71.8
50 or Older	5.6	5.8	3.5	3.8	81.8	81.3	85.8	84.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown treatment for depression data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.39A – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Had MDE (2017)	Had MDE (2018)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2017)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2018)
TOTAL	17,297	17,720	11,007	11,489	11,548	11,462	7,923	7,878
GENDER
Male	6,266	6,272	3,777	4,013	3,650	3,548	2,408	2,464
Female	11,031	11,447	7,230	7,476	7,898	7,914	5,515	5,414
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	15,188	15,225	9,802	9,970	10,370	10,118	7,184	6,972
White	12,398	12,224	7,839	7,993	8,737	8,366	5,950	5,767
Black or African American	1,579	1,783	1,135	1,150	994	1,090	759	740
AIAN	102	125	82	93	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	45	64	40	55	*	*	*	*
Asian	600	593	401	379	251	261	*	*
Two or More Races	465	437	306	299	296	288	213	*
Hispanic or Latino	2,109^a	2,495	1,205^a	1,519	1,178	1,344	739	906
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	7,241	7,750	4,191^a	4,784	4,214	4,680	2,595^a	3,031
Part-Time	2,985	2,906	1,903	1,813	1,995	1,731	1,399^a	1,127
Unemployed	1,133	1,112	774	735	690	648	480	465
Other³	5,938	5,952	4,139	4,158	4,649	4,403	3,448	3,254
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown treatment for depression data were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.39B – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Had MDE (2017)	Had MDE (2018)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2017)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2018)
TOTAL	7.1	7.2	4.5	4.7	66.8	64.8	72.1^a	68.6
GENDER
Male	5.3	5.3	3.2	3.4	58.3	56.7	63.8	61.4
Female	8.7	9.0	5.7	5.9	71.7	69.2	76.4^a	72.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	7.4	7.4	4.8	4.8	68.4	66.5	73.4^a	69.9
White	7.9	7.8	5.0	5.1	70.5	68.5	75.9^a	72.2
Black or African American	5.4	6.1	3.9	4.0	63.1	61.2	67.1	64.3
AIAN	8.0	8.5	6.4	6.4	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	4.7	6.9	4.2	5.9	*	*	*	*
Asian	4.4	4.3	2.9	2.7	41.9	43.9	*	*
Two or More Races	11.3	10.2	7.5	7.0	64.8	65.8	71.6	*
Hispanic or Latino	5.4	6.2	3.1	3.8	55.9	53.9	61.4	59.6
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	5.9	6.3	3.4^a	3.9	58.2	60.4	61.9	63.4
Part-Time	9.4	9.1	6.0	5.7	66.8^a	59.6	73.5^a	62.2
Unemployed	10.8	11.3	7.4	7.5	61.0	58.3	62.1	63.4
Other³	7.4	7.3	5.2	5.1	78.5	74.2	83.5^a	78.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown treatment for depression data were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.40A – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year, by Geographic, Socioeconomic, and Health Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic/ Health Characteristic	Had MDE (2017)	Had MDE (2018)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2017)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2018)
TOTAL	17,297	17,720	11,007	11,489	11,548	11,462	7,923	7,878
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2,799	2,917	1,652	1,840	1,961	2,035	1,185	1,313
Midwest	3,926	4,120	2,499	2,750	2,718	2,773	1,860	1,994
South	6,253	6,166	4,084	4,147	4,128	3,880	2,886	2,818
West	4,317	4,516	2,772	2,752	2,740	2,773	1,993	1,754
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	9,025	9,356	5,630	5,838	5,829	5,865	3,887	3,826
Small Metro	5,645	5,798	3,598	3,846	3,913	3,921	2,697	2,788
Nonmetro	2,627	2,566	1,779	1,806	1,806	1,677	1,338	1,264
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	3,509	3,636	2,512	2,634	2,442	2,397	1,925	1,840
100-199%	3,864	3,785	2,650	2,469	2,609	2,345	1,948	1,635
200% or More	9,826	10,198	5,792	6,318	6,442	6,684	4,006	4,375
EDUCATION
< High School	1,708	1,821	1,133	1,242	1,052	1,168	747	879
High School Graduate	4,081	4,175	2,670	2,830	2,607	2,450	1,884	1,815
Some College/Associate's Degree	6,592	6,953	4,362	4,699	4,506	4,539	3,235	3,285
College Graduate	4,916	4,770	2,842	2,718	3,383	3,305	2,057	1,899
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	9,944	10,245	5,886	6,305	6,571	6,755	4,208	4,350
Medicaid/CHIP	4,014	4,021	2,921	2,902	3,039	2,865	2,334	2,166
Other⁵	3,892	3,660	2,432	2,522	3,205	2,915	2,149	2,072
No Coverage	1,882^a	2,219	1,282	1,378	792	954	610	685
OVERALL HEALTH⁶
Excellent	1,951	1,869	1,035	998	1,055	1,039	625	578
Very Good	5,214	5,772	3,214	3,435	3,117	3,448	2,033	2,161
Good	5,651	5,622	3,423	3,636	3,793	3,655	2,470	2,440
Fair/Poor	4,477	4,457	3,332	3,420	3,582	3,319	2,795	2,699
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown treatment for depression data were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁶ Respondents with unknown health data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.40B – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year, by Geographic, Socioeconomic, and Health Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic/ Health Characteristic	Had MDE (2017)	Had MDE (2018)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2017)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹ (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE² (2018)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2017)	Received Treatment for Depression in Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2018)
TOTAL	7.1	7.2	4.5	4.7	66.8	64.8	72.1^a	68.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	6.4	6.7	3.8	4.3	70.1	69.8	71.7	71.3
Midwest	7.7	8.0	4.9	5.3	69.2	67.3	74.4	72.5
South	6.8	6.6	4.4	4.5	66.1	63.1	70.7	68.0
West	7.5	7.7	4.8	4.7	63.6	61.5	72.1^a	63.7
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6.6	6.8	4.1	4.3	64.7	62.7	69.2	65.5
Small Metro	7.8	7.9	5.0	5.2	69.4	67.7	75.0	72.5
Nonmetro	7.4	7.2	5.0	5.1	68.8	65.7	75.2	70.1
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	10.5	10.7	7.5	7.8	69.9	66.0	77.0^a	69.9
100-199%	8.1	7.8	5.5	5.1	67.5	62.2	73.5^a	66.2
200% or More	6.0	6.3	3.6	3.9	65.6	65.5	69.2	69.2
EDUCATION
< High School	5.7	6.0	3.8	4.1	61.8	64.6	66.2	70.7
High School Graduate	6.9	6.9	4.5	4.7	63.9	58.7	70.6	64.2
Some College/Associate's Degree	8.7	9.1	5.7	6.2	68.4	65.3	74.3	69.9
College Graduate	6.2	6.1	3.6	3.5	68.9	69.3	72.4	69.9
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	6.1	6.2	3.6	3.8	66.1	65.9	71.5	69.0
Medicaid/CHIP	11.3	11.2	8.2	8.1	75.8	71.3	80.0	74.7
Other⁵	5.8	5.4	3.6	3.7	82.4	79.8	88.4^a	82.2
No Coverage	8.2	9.2	5.6	5.7	42.3	43.1	47.9	49.7
OVERALL HEALTH⁶
Excellent	3.7	3.6	2.0	1.9	54.2	55.6	60.4	57.9
Very Good	5.8^a	6.5	3.6	3.9	59.8	59.7	63.2	62.9
Good	8.1	7.8	4.9	5.0	67.2	65.1	72.4	67.2
Fair/Poor	13.5	13.2	10.1	10.1	80.1^a	74.7	84.0	78.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown treatment for depression data were excluded. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁶ Respondents with unknown health data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.41A – Level of Mental Illness and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Substance Use Disorder Status and Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	247,161	248,857	46,632	47,635	11,190	11,373	35,441	36,262	200,529	201,222	17,297	17,720	11,007	11,489	227,299^a	228,363
ILLICIT DRUGS	6,804	7,412	3,999	4,361	1,651	1,910	2,348	2,451	2,805	3,051	1,839^a	2,230	1,402	1,631	4,820	5,058
Marijuana	3,500	3,910	1,908	2,118	733	748	1,175	1,370	1,591	1,791	843^a	1,072	625	702	2,609	2,779
Cocaine	947	973	637	581	284	322	352	259	310	391	261	317	219	247	663	649
Heroin	648	522	456	*	207	*	249	*	192	*	190	*	130	103	424	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	940	1,033	618	752	264^a	440	353	312	322	281	249^a	427	212	331	644	584
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	2,332	2,370	1,578	1,637	762	820	816	816	754	733	814	833	643	647	1,459	1,488
Pain Relievers	1,579	1,591	1,055	1,061	495	472	559	589	524	529	503	462	405	350	1,023	1,112
Stimulants	510	508	388	380	185	219	204	162	121	128	216	240	179	194	287	249
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	740	683	551	554	294	295	257	259	189	129	332	337	282	264	406	332
Tranquilizers	658	612	486	518	258	275	228	243	172^a	94	280	314	246	244	378	292
Sedatives	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	2,006	1,920	1,331	1,262	610	550	721	713	676	658	614	536	470	400	1,322	1,350
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	4,034	4,163	2,607	2,705	1,179	1,389	1,428	1,316	1,426	1,457	1,216	1,428	960	1,111	2,703	2,658
ALCOHOL	14,062	14,418	5,879	6,390	2,067	1,971	3,812^a	4,420	8,183	8,027	2,532	2,642	1,843	1,728	11,418	11,612
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	2,157	2,487	1,352	1,565	626	715	726	850	805	923	651	833	536	634	1,464	1,613
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	18,708	19,343	8,526	9,187	3,092	3,166	5,434^a	6,021	10,183	10,156	3,720	4,039	2,709	2,725	14,774	15,056
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	4,647	4,925	2,647	2,797	1,025	1,195	1,622	1,601	2,000	2,129	1,188	1,396	866	997	3,356	3,445
ALCOHOL ONLY	11,905	11,930	4,527	4,826	1,441	1,256	3,086^a	3,570	7,378	7,105	1,881	1,809	1,307	1,094	9,954	9,999
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	228,452	229,515	38,106	38,448	8,098	8,207	30,007	30,241	190,347	191,066	13,576	13,681	8,297	8,764	212,525	213,307
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.41B – Level of Mental Illness and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Substance Use Disorder Status and Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	18.9	19.1	4.5	4.6	14.3	14.6	81.1	80.9	7.1	7.2	4.5	4.7	92.9	92.8
ILLICIT DRUGS	100.0	100.0	58.8	58.8	24.3	25.8	34.5	33.1	41.2	41.2	27.6	30.6	21.1	22.4	72.4	69.4
Marijuana	100.0	100.0	54.5	54.2	20.9	19.1	33.6	35.0	45.5	45.8	24.4	27.8	18.2	18.3	75.6	72.2
Cocaine	100.0	100.0	67.3	59.8	30.0	33.2	37.2	26.6	32.7	40.2	28.3	32.8	23.7	25.6	71.7	67.2
Heroin	100.0	100.0	70.4	*	32.0	*	38.4	*	29.6	*	31.0	*	21.5	20.5	69.0	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	100.0	100.0	65.7	72.8	28.1^a	42.6	37.6	30.2	34.3	27.2	27.9^a	42.2	23.7	32.8	72.1^a	57.8
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	100.0	100.0	67.7	69.1	32.7	34.6	35.0	34.4	32.3	30.9	35.8	35.9	28.3	27.9	64.2	64.1
Pain Relievers	100.0	100.0	66.8	66.7	31.4	29.7	35.4	37.0	33.2	33.3	33.0	29.3	26.5	22.2	67.0	70.7
Stimulants	100.0	100.0	76.2	74.9	36.2	43.1	39.9	31.8	23.8	25.1	42.9	49.1	35.7	39.7	57.1	50.9
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	100.0	100.0	74.5	81.2	39.7	43.2	34.7	38.0	25.5	18.8	45.0	50.4	38.2	39.5	55.0	49.6
Tranquilizers	100.0	100.0	73.8^a	84.7	39.1	45.0	34.7	39.7	26.2^a	15.3	42.6	51.8	37.5	40.3	57.4	48.2
Sedatives	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	100.0	100.0	66.3	65.7	30.4	28.6	35.9	37.1	33.7	34.3	31.7	28.4	24.5	21.2	68.3	71.6
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	100.0	100.0	64.6	65.0	29.2	33.4	35.4	31.6	35.4	35.0	31.0	34.9	24.6	27.2	69.0	65.1
ALCOHOL	100.0	100.0	41.8	44.3	14.7	13.7	27.1^a	30.7	58.2	55.7	18.2	18.5	13.2	12.1	81.8	81.5
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	100.0	100.0	62.7	62.9	29.0	28.7	33.7	34.2	37.3	37.1	30.8	34.1	25.3	25.9	69.2	65.9
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	100.0	100.0	45.6	47.5	16.5	16.4	29.0	31.1	54.4	52.5	20.1	21.1	14.7	14.3	79.9	78.9
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	100.0	100.0	57.0	56.8	22.1	24.3	34.9	32.5	43.0	43.2	26.1	28.8	19.1	20.6	73.9	71.2
ALCOHOL ONLY	100.0	100.0	38.0	40.4	12.1	10.5	25.9^a	29.9	62.0	59.6	15.9	15.3	11.1	9.3	84.1	84.7
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	100.0	100.0	16.7	16.8	3.5	3.6	13.1	13.2	83.3	83.2	6.0	6.0	3.7	3.9	94.0	94.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.42A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	47,726	49,031	15,974^a	17,496	4,935^a	5,614	11,039	11,882	31,752	31,535	6,832^a	7,663	4,743	5,169	40,293	40,603
Marijuana	37,841^a	40,377	12,240^a	13,915	3,665^a	4,420	8,575^a	9,496	25,600	26,462	5,300^a	6,261	3,606^a	4,228	32,078	33,566
Cocaine	5,816	5,418	2,175	2,430	913	870	1,262^a	1,560	3,640^a	2,987	1,002	1,044	746	671	4,744	4,232
Crack	913	753	517	407	255	174	262	233	396	346	222	122	173	88	653	618
Heroin	872	798	533	430	270	206	263	224	339	367	241	160	176	123	588	609
Hallucinogens	4,613^a	5,219	1,992^a	2,412	744	907	1,248^a	1,505	2,621	2,807	1,034	1,236	729	796	3,527	3,853
LSD	1,984	2,115	901	1,046	393	402	508	644	1,084	1,070	513	573	342	375	1,438	1,508
PCP	73	56	53	33	9	17	44	15	20	23	17	23	16	23	56	21
Ecstasy	2,313	2,386	973	1,095	400	392	573	702	1,340	1,292	550	551	401	370	1,742	1,789
Inhalants	1,185	1,341	584	621	215	218	369	403	601	720	270	360	190	172	880	959
Methamphetamine	1,585	1,824	872^a	1,126	381^a	579	491	548	713	697	388^a	580	323	449	1,134	1,192
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	16,844^a	15,686	7,086	7,196	2,505	2,594	4,581	4,602	9,759^a	8,490	3,161	3,126	2,311	2,154	13,428^a	12,206
Pain Relievers	10,310^a	9,253	4,518	4,229	1,598	1,582	2,921	2,646	5,792^a	5,024	1,933	1,863	1,401	1,309	8,167^a	7,160
Stimulants	5,386^a	4,739	2,274	2,331	850	822	1,425	1,509	3,112^a	2,409	1,080	1,066	787	715	4,260^a	3,598
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	6,251	5,975	3,145	3,203	1,272	1,217	1,873	1,986	3,106	2,772	1,517	1,389	1,178^a	929	4,669	4,446
Tranquilizers	5,485	5,319	2,811	2,958	1,112	1,131	1,698	1,827	2,675	2,362	1,345	1,295	1,032	859	4,087	3,903
Sedatives	1,278	1,021	724^a	470	343^a	202	381	268	554	551	383^a	210	307^a	165	883	785
Benzodiazepines	5,233	5,039	2,679	2,758	1,067	1,065	1,611	1,693	2,554	2,280	1,295	1,186	985	795	3,893	3,737
Opioids	10,632^a	9,551	4,711	4,374	1,695	1,657	3,016	2,717	5,921^a	5,177	2,017	1,913	1,463	1,342	8,404^a	7,393
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	22,458	21,422	9,087	9,392	3,154	3,315	5,933	6,077	13,370^a	12,029	4,023	4,063	2,969	2,766	18,107^a	16,883
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	138,123	137,602	26,536	27,214	6,245	6,288	20,291	20,926	111,587	110,388	10,013	10,121	6,046	6,307	127,030	126,207
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	65,326	65,891	14,243	14,891	3,546	3,676	10,697	11,215	51,083	51,000	5,382	5,670	3,351	3,448	59,424	59,607
Heavy Alcohol Use	16,543	16,437	4,163	4,227	1,257	1,163	2,906	3,063	12,380	12,211	1,762	1,742	1,186	1,045	14,668	14,531
Cigarette Use	47,905	46,284	13,133	13,399	3,973	4,236	9,161	9,163	34,772^a	32,885	5,070	5,405	3,602	3,844	42,189^a	40,114
Daily Cigarette Use	27,691	27,229	7,755	7,937	2,477	2,748	5,278	5,190	19,935	19,292	3,021	3,184	2,229	2,317	24,308	23,690
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.42B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	19.3	19.7	34.3^a	36.7	44.1^a	49.4	31.1	32.8	15.8	15.7	39.5^a	43.2	43.1	45.0	17.7	17.8
Marijuana	15.3^a	16.2	26.2^a	29.2	32.8^a	38.9	24.2^a	26.2	12.8	13.2	30.6^a	35.3	32.8^a	36.8	14.1	14.7
Cocaine	2.4	2.2	4.7	5.1	8.2	7.7	3.6^a	4.3	1.8^a	1.5	5.8	5.9	6.8	5.8	2.1	1.9
Crack	0.4	0.3	1.1	0.9	2.3	1.5	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.2	1.3^a	0.7	1.6^a	0.8	0.3	0.3
Heroin	0.4	0.3	1.1	0.9	2.4	1.8	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.2	1.4	0.9	1.6	1.1	0.3	0.3
Hallucinogens	1.9^a	2.1	4.3^a	5.1	6.6	8.0	3.5	4.2	1.3	1.4	6.0	7.0	6.6	6.9	1.6	1.7
LSD	0.8	0.9	1.9	2.2	3.5	3.5	1.4	1.8	0.5	0.5	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.3	0.6	0.7
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	0.9	1.0	2.1	2.3	3.6	3.4	1.6	1.9	0.7	0.6	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.2	0.8	0.8
Inhalants	0.5	0.5	1.3	1.3	1.9	1.9	1.0	1.1	0.3	0.4	1.6	2.0	1.7	1.5	0.4	0.4
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.7	1.9	2.4	3.4^a	5.1	1.4	1.5	0.4	0.3	2.2	3.3	2.9	3.9	0.5	0.5
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	6.8^a	6.3	15.2	15.1	22.4	22.8	12.9	12.7	4.9^a	4.2	18.3	17.6	21.0	18.8	5.9^a	5.3
Pain Relievers	4.2^a	3.7	9.7	8.9	14.3	13.9	8.2	7.3	2.9^a	2.5	11.2	10.5	12.7	11.4	3.6^a	3.1
Stimulants	2.2^a	1.9	4.9	4.9	7.6	7.2	4.0	4.2	1.6^a	1.2	6.2	6.0	7.1	6.2	1.9^a	1.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.5	2.4	6.7	6.7	11.4	10.7	5.3	5.5	1.5	1.4	8.8	7.8	10.7^a	8.1	2.1	1.9
Tranquilizers	2.2	2.1	6.0	6.2	9.9	9.9	4.8	5.0	1.3	1.2	7.8	7.3	9.4^a	7.5	1.8	1.7
Sedatives	0.5	0.4	1.6^a	1.0	3.1^a	1.8	1.1	0.7	0.3	0.3	2.2^a	1.2	2.8^a	1.4	0.4	0.3
Benzodiazepines	2.1	2.0	5.7	5.8	9.5	9.4	4.5	4.7	1.3	1.1	7.5	6.7	9.0^a	6.9	1.7	1.6
Opioids	4.3^a	3.8	10.1	9.2	15.1	14.6	8.5	7.5	3.0^a	2.6	11.7	10.8	13.3	11.7	3.7^a	3.2
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	9.1^a	8.6	19.5	19.7	28.2	29.2	16.7	16.8	6.7^a	6.0	23.3	22.9	27.0	24.1	8.0^a	7.4
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	55.9	55.3	56.9	57.1	55.8	55.3	57.3	57.7	55.6	54.9	57.9	57.1	54.9	54.9	55.9	55.3
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	26.4	26.5	30.5	31.3	31.7	32.3	30.2	30.9	25.5	25.3	31.1	32.0	30.4	30.0	26.1	26.1
Heavy Alcohol Use	6.7	6.6	8.9	8.9	11.2	10.2	8.2	8.4	6.2	6.1	10.2	9.8	10.8	9.1	6.5	6.4
Cigarette Use	19.4^a	18.6	28.2	28.1	35.5	37.2	25.8	25.3	17.3^a	16.3	29.3	30.5	32.7	33.5	18.6^a	17.6
Daily Cigarette Use	11.2	10.9	16.6	16.7	22.1	24.2	14.9	14.3	9.9	9.6	17.5	18.0	20.3	20.2	10.7	10.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.43A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 25, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	13,522	13,168	4,577	4,761	1,568	1,556	3,009	3,204	8,946	8,408	2,430	2,549	1,625	1,645	10,918	10,368
Marijuana	11,956	11,829	4,061	4,251	1,378	1,372	2,683	2,879	7,895	7,578	2,158	2,266	1,426	1,477	9,642	9,349
Cocaine	2,128	1,967	770	852	340	270	430^a	582	1,358^a	1,115	387	401	284	248	1,712	1,500
Crack	108	87	67	48	45	25	22	23	41	39	35	24	34	18	59	58
Heroin	214	157	127	93	67	39	60	55	87	64	57	48	42	40	136	103
Hallucinogens	2,406	2,332	1,045	1,014	385	339	660	675	1,361	1,317	540	568	359	360	1,831	1,699
LSD	1,310	1,187	600	551	252	193	349	358	709	636	339	310	214	196	942	864
PCP	27	10	18	5	6	1	12	4	9	5	7	1	7	*	20	4
Ecstasy	1,209	1,063	493	454	178	135	315	320	716	608	252	261	169	151	940	782
Inhalants	562	495	262	227	96	73	166	155	300	268	134	135	95	79	403	349
Methamphetamine	375^a	273	219	154	102	67	117	88	156	119	95	87	80	71	259^a	164
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	4,956^a	4,202	2,034	1,881	803	667	1,231	1,214	2,922^a	2,321	1,136	1,015	786	672	3,741^a	3,087
Pain Relievers	2,460^a	1,858	1,146^a	853	472^a	332	674^a	521	1,314^a	1,005	625^a	482	447^a	325	1,770^a	1,312
Stimulants	2,545^a	2,216	998	962	404	317	594	645	1,547^a	1,254	560	532	384	352	1,966^a	1,649
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,949^a	1,658	939	871	412	332	527	539	1,011^a	787	522	439	395^a	299	1,404^a	1,186
Tranquilizers	1,880^a	1,566	909	821	388	308	521	512	971^a	745	497	408	374^a	282	1,360^a	1,125
Sedatives	199	194	123	123	76	64	47	60	76	71	88	79	72	51	112	115
Benzodiazepines	1,830^a	1,526	882	792	372	300	509	492	948^a	733	474	402	352	278	1,332^a	1,096
Opioids	2,494^a	1,895	1,157^a	877	479^a	338	678^a	539	1,337^a	1,018	630^a	493	452^a	332	1,798^a	1,339
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	6,657^a	6,006	2,625	2,556	975	881	1,651	1,675	4,032^a	3,450	1,407	1,365	981	889	5,159^a	4,488
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	19,330^a	18,757	5,408	5,575	1,634	1,689	3,774	3,886	13,922	13,182	2,754	2,897	1,763	1,829	16,345	15,589
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	12,652^a	11,876	3,579	3,586	1,080	1,056	2,499	2,530	9,073^a	8,290	1,805	1,805	1,171	1,128	10,685^a	9,883
Heavy Alcohol Use	3,307	3,074	985	973	315	309	669	665	2,322	2,101	517	476	330	275	2,750	2,525
Cigarette Use	7,653^a	6,514	2,563^a	2,221	922	782	1,641^a	1,438	5,090^a	4,294	1,290	1,116	910^a	750	6,246^a	5,212
Daily Cigarette Use	2,939^a	2,438	1,094^a	842	418^a	311	676^a	531	1,845^a	1,596	571^a	385	404^a	265	2,323^a	1,979
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.43B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 25, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	39.4	38.7	51.7	53.2	61.1	59.4	47.9	50.7	35.1	33.5	55.0	55.3	56.3	55.4	37.1	35.9
Marijuana	34.9	34.8	45.9	47.5	53.7	52.4	42.7	45.5	31.0	30.2	48.9	49.2	49.4	49.8	32.8	32.4
Cocaine	6.2	5.8	8.7	9.5	13.2	10.3	6.8^a	9.2	5.3^a	4.4	8.8	8.7	9.8	8.3	5.8	5.2
Crack	0.3	0.3	0.8	0.5	1.7	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.6	0.2	0.2
Heroin	0.6	0.5	1.4	1.0	2.6	1.5	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.3	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	0.5	0.4
Hallucinogens	7.0	6.9	11.8	11.3	15.0	12.9	10.5	10.7	5.3	5.3	12.2	12.3	12.4	12.1	6.2	5.9
LSD	3.8	3.5	6.8	6.2	9.8	7.4	5.5	5.7	2.8	2.5	7.7	6.7	7.4	6.6	3.2	3.0
PCP	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.2	*	0.1	0.0
Ecstasy	3.5	3.1	5.6	5.1	6.9	5.1	5.0	5.1	2.8	2.4	5.7	5.7	5.9	5.1	3.2	2.7
Inhalants	1.6	1.5	3.0	2.5	3.7	2.8	2.6	2.4	1.2	1.1	3.0	2.9	3.3	2.7	1.4	1.2
Methamphetamine	1.1	0.8	2.5	1.7	4.0	2.5	1.9	1.4	0.6	0.5	2.2	1.9	2.8	2.4	0.9^a	0.6
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	14.4^a	12.3	23.0	21.0	31.3^a	25.5	19.6	19.2	11.5^a	9.2	25.7^a	22.0	27.2^a	22.7	12.7^a	10.7
Pain Relievers	7.2^a	5.5	12.9^a	9.5	18.4^a	12.7	10.7^a	8.2	5.2^a	4.0	14.1^a	10.5	15.5^a	11.0	6.0^a	4.5
Stimulants	7.4^a	6.5	11.3	10.7	15.8^a	12.1	9.5	10.2	6.1^a	5.0	12.7	11.5	13.3	11.9	6.7^a	5.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	5.7^a	4.9	10.6	9.7	16.0^a	12.7	8.4	8.5	4.0^a	3.1	11.8	9.5	13.7^a	10.1	4.8^a	4.1
Tranquilizers	5.5^a	4.6	10.3	9.2	15.1^a	11.8	8.3	8.1	3.8^a	3.0	11.3^a	8.9	13.0^a	9.5	4.6^a	3.9
Sedatives	0.6	0.6	1.4	1.4	3.0	2.4	0.7	0.9	0.3	0.3	2.0	1.7	2.5	1.7	0.4	0.4
Benzodiazepines	5.3^a	4.5	10.0	8.9	14.5	11.5	8.1	7.8	3.7^a	2.9	10.7	8.7	12.2	9.3	4.5^a	3.8
Opioids	7.3^a	5.6	13.1^a	9.8	18.7^a	12.9	10.8^a	8.5	5.3^a	4.1	14.3^a	10.7	15.7^a	11.2	6.1^a	4.6
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	19.4^a	17.6	29.7	28.6	38.0	33.6	26.3	26.5	15.8^a	13.7	31.9	29.6	34.0	30.0	17.5^a	15.5
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	56.3	55.1	61.1	62.3	63.7	64.5	60.1	61.4	54.7^a	52.5	62.4	62.8	61.1	61.6	55.6^a	54.0
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	36.9^a	34.9	40.4	40.1	42.1	40.3	39.8	40.0	35.6^a	33.0	40.9	39.2	40.6	38.0	36.3^a	34.2
Heavy Alcohol Use	9.6	9.0	11.1	10.9	12.3	11.8	10.7	10.5	9.1	8.4	11.7	10.3	11.4	9.3	9.3	8.7
Cigarette Use	22.3^a	19.1	29.0^a	24.8	35.9^a	29.9	26.1^a	22.7	20.0^a	17.1	29.2^a	24.2	31.5^a	25.3	21.2^a	18.0
Daily Cigarette Use	8.6^a	7.2	12.4^a	9.4	16.3^a	11.9	10.8^a	8.4	7.2^a	6.4	12.9^a	8.3	14.0^a	8.9	7.9^a	6.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.44A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 26 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	34,203^a	35,863	11,397^a	12,735	3,367^a	4,058	8,030	8,677	22,806	23,128	4,402^a	5,113	3,118	3,525	29,374	30,235
Marijuana	25,885^a	28,548	8,180^a	9,664	2,287^a	3,047	5,892^a	6,617	17,705	18,884	3,142^a	3,995	2,180^a	2,751	22,436^a	24,217
Cocaine	3,688	3,451	1,406	1,578	573	600	832	978	2,282	1,872	615	643	462	423	3,032	2,733
Crack	806	666	451	359	211	149	240	210	355	307	187	98	139	70	594	559
Heroin	658	641	406	337	203	168	203	169	252	304	184	111	134	83	452	505
Hallucinogens	2,207^a	2,887	947^a	1,397	359^a	568	588^a	830	1,260	1,490	494^a	668	369	436	1,696^a	2,154
LSD	674^a	928	300^a	495	141	209	159^a	286	374	434	173	264	128	179	496	645
PCP	46	45	35	28	3	17	32	11	11	18	10	23	9	23	36	16
Ecstasy	1,103	1,324	479	640	222	258	257	383	624	683	299	290	231	219	802	1,008
Inhalants	623	846	322	394	119	145	203	248	301	452	136	225	95	93	476	610
Methamphetamine	1,210^a	1,551	654^a	972	279^a	512	375	460	556	578	293^a	492	242	377	875	1,028
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	11,888	11,484	5,052	5,315	1,702	1,927	3,350	3,388	6,837	6,169	2,026	2,111	1,525	1,482	9,687	9,119
Pain Relievers	7,850	7,395	3,373	3,376	1,125	1,251	2,247	2,125	4,477	4,019	1,308	1,381	954	984	6,397	5,848
Stimulants	2,841	2,524	1,276	1,369	446	505	831	864	1,565^a	1,154	521	533	402	363	2,293	1,949
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	4,302	4,317	2,207	2,332	860	885	1,346	1,448	2,095	1,985	995	950	784	630	3,265	3,260
Tranquilizers	3,605	3,753	1,902	2,137	724	822	1,177	1,315	1,704	1,616	848	887	658	577	2,726	2,778
Sedatives	1,079	827	601^a	347	267^a	138	333	208	478	480	295^a	131	235^a	113	772	670
Benzodiazepines	3,403	3,513	1,797	1,966	695	765	1,102	1,201	1,606	1,547	821	784	633	517	2,561	2,641
Opioids	8,138	7,656	3,554	3,497	1,215	1,319	2,338	2,179	4,585	4,159	1,387	1,420	1,011	1,010	6,606	6,054
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	15,800	15,416	6,462	6,837	2,179	2,434	4,283	4,402	9,338	8,579	2,616	2,699	1,988	1,877	12,947	12,395
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	118,794	118,844	21,128	21,639	4,611	4,599	16,517	17,039	97,665	97,206	7,259	7,224	4,283	4,477	110,685	110,618
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	52,674	54,015	10,664	11,304	2,466	2,620	8,198	8,685	42,010	42,711	3,578	3,864	2,180	2,321	48,739	49,724
Heavy Alcohol Use	13,236	13,363	3,178	3,253	941	854	2,237	2,399	10,058	10,110	1,246	1,266	856	771	11,919	12,006
Cigarette Use	40,252	39,770	10,570	11,178	3,050	3,454	7,520	7,724	29,682	28,592	3,780	4,289	2,692	3,094	35,944	34,901
Daily Cigarette Use	24,751	24,792	6,661	7,096	2,059	2,436	4,602	4,659	18,090	17,696	2,450	2,799	1,825	2,052	21,985	21,711
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.44B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 26 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	16.1	16.7	30.2^a	32.9	39.0^a	46.4	27.5	29.0	13.0	13.1	34.2^a	39.0	38.4	41.4	14.8	15.2
Marijuana	12.2^a	13.3	21.6^a	25.0	26.5^a	34.8	20.2	22.1	10.1	10.7	24.4^a	30.5	26.8^a	32.3	11.3^a	12.1
Cocaine	1.7	1.6	3.7	4.1	6.6	6.9	2.9	3.3	1.3^a	1.1	4.8	4.9	5.7	5.0	1.5	1.4
Crack	0.4	0.3	1.2	0.9	2.4	1.7	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.2	1.5	0.7	1.7	0.8	0.3	0.3
Heroin	0.3	0.3	1.1	0.9	2.4	1.9	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.2	1.4	0.8	1.7	1.0	0.2	0.3
Hallucinogens	1.0^a	1.3	2.5^a	3.6	4.2^a	6.5	2.0^a	2.8	0.7	0.8	3.8	5.1	4.5	5.1	0.9^a	1.1
LSD	0.3^a	0.4	0.8^a	1.3	1.6	2.4	0.5^a	1.0	0.2	0.2	1.3	2.0	1.6	2.1	0.3	0.3
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	0.5	0.6	1.3	1.7	2.6	2.9	0.9	1.3	0.4	0.4	2.3	2.2	2.9	2.6	0.4	0.5
Inhalants	0.3	0.4	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.7	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.3	1.1	1.7	1.2	1.1	0.2	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.6^a	0.7	1.7^a	2.5	3.2^a	5.9	1.3	1.5	0.3	0.3	2.3^a	3.8	3.0	4.4	0.4	0.5
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	5.6	5.3	13.4	13.7	19.7	22.0	11.5	11.3	3.9	3.5	15.7	16.1	18.8	17.4	4.9	4.6
Pain Relievers	3.7	3.4	8.9	8.7	13.0	14.3	7.7	7.1	2.6	2.3	10.2	10.5	11.8	11.5	3.2	2.9
Stimulants	1.3	1.2	3.4	3.5	5.2	5.8	2.8	2.9	0.9^a	0.7	4.0	4.1	5.0	4.3	1.2^a	1.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.0	2.0	5.8	6.0	10.0	10.1	4.6	4.8	1.2	1.1	7.7	7.2	9.7	7.4	1.6	1.6
Tranquilizers	1.7	1.7	5.0	5.5	8.4	9.4	4.0	4.4	1.0	0.9	6.6	6.8	8.1	6.8	1.4	1.4
Sedatives	0.5	0.4	1.6^a	0.9	3.1^a	1.6	1.1^a	0.7	0.3	0.3	2.3^a	1.0	2.9^a	1.3	0.4	0.3
Benzodiazepines	1.6	1.6	4.8	5.1	8.1	8.7	3.8	4.0	0.9	0.9	6.4	6.0	7.8	6.1	1.3	1.3
Opioids	3.8	3.6	9.4	9.0	14.1	15.1	8.0	7.3	2.6	2.4	10.8	10.8	12.4	11.9	3.3	3.0
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	7.4	7.2	17.1	17.7	25.3	27.8	14.7	14.7	5.3^a	4.9	20.3	20.6	24.5	22.0	6.5	6.2
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	55.8	55.3	55.9	55.9	53.5	52.5	56.6	56.9	55.8	55.2	56.4	55.1	52.8	52.5	55.9	55.5
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	24.7	25.1	28.2	29.2	28.6	29.9	28.1	29.0	24.0	24.2	27.8	29.5	26.8	27.2	24.6	24.9
Heavy Alcohol Use	6.2	6.2	8.4	8.4	10.9	9.8	7.7	8.0	5.7	5.7	9.7	9.7	10.5	9.0	6.0	6.0
Cigarette Use	18.9	18.5	28.0	28.9	35.4	39.4	25.8	25.8	17.0	16.2	29.3	32.7	33.2	36.3	18.2	17.5
Daily Cigarette Use	11.6	11.5	17.6	18.3	23.9	27.8	15.8	15.6	10.3	10.0	19.0	21.4	22.5	24.1	11.1	10.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.45A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 26 to 49, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	22,443^a	23,942	8,138^a	9,258	2,528^a	2,956	5,610^a	6,302	14,305	14,684	3,061^a	3,607	2,253	2,483	19,108	19,991
Marijuana	17,556^a	19,660	6,120^a	7,307	1,826^a	2,367	4,294^a	4,941	11,436^a	12,352	2,273^a	2,960	1,682^a	2,019	15,082^a	16,430
Cocaine	2,793	2,823	1,088^a	1,380	463	545	625^a	835	1,705	1,443	501	609	363	395	2,260	2,140
Crack	379	359	249	221	132	94	117	127	130	138	120	69	85	41	243	282
Heroin	500	460	299	282	141	147	159	135	201	178	138	101	100	74	341	344
Hallucinogens	1,966^a	2,571	839^a	1,273	340^a	521	499^a	752	1,127	1,298	433^a	617	338	403	1,516^a	1,889
LSD	555^a	881	245^a	479	122	209	123^a	270	310	402	129^a	264	102	179	421^a	597
PCP	45	42	34	26	3	15	31	11	11	16	10	20	9	20	35	15
Ecstasy	1,069	1,283	478	629	222	258	256	371	591	654	299	290	231	219	767	967
Inhalants	530	617	249	333	90	134	158	199	282	284	107	190	86	93	413	416
Methamphetamine	876^a	1,149	483^a	753	188^a	403	294	350	393	396	221^a	365	180^a	292	613	753
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	8,097	7,849	3,730	3,991	1,293	1,402	2,437	2,589	4,367^a	3,858	1,482	1,480	1,133	1,078	6,505	6,233
Pain Relievers	5,128	4,765	2,462	2,416	879	850	1,584	1,566	2,666	2,348	989	883	744	674	4,051	3,769
Stimulants	2,545	2,363	1,162	1,314	396	484	767	830	1,383^a	1,049	484	511	365	341	2,039	1,821
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2,798	2,912	1,556	1,718	612	691	945	1,027	1,242	1,195	673	682	528	497	2,094	2,177
Tranquilizers	2,478	2,613	1,389	1,567	551	647	837	920	1,089	1,046	611	635	486	460	1,842	1,933
Sedatives	497	527	292	287	107	116	185	172	205	239	128	113	94	95	363	398
Benzodiazepines	2,331	2,466	1,308	1,485	535	613	773	871	1,023	981	592	589	469	424	1,717	1,833
Opioids	5,295	4,913	2,553	2,484	922	898	1,631	1,586	2,742	2,429	1,022	914	767	691	4,185	3,880
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	10,802	10,751	4,706	5,169	1,623	1,790	3,083	3,378	6,096	5,583	1,882	1,970	1,435	1,394	8,757	8,585
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	61,774	61,713	13,953	14,535	3,436	3,449	10,517	11,086	47,821	47,178	4,837	4,912	3,037	3,097	56,537	56,247
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	32,684	33,381	7,700	8,220	1,894	1,992	5,805	6,227	24,984	25,161	2,567	2,752	1,616	1,687	29,907	30,360
Heavy Alcohol Use	7,958	8,072	2,179	2,431	714	663	1,464^a	1,768	5,779	5,641	845	945	621	580	7,061	7,079
Cigarette Use	23,606	23,603	7,019	7,457	2,135	2,353	4,884	5,104	16,587	16,146	2,540	2,795	1,877	2,030	20,778	20,386
Daily Cigarette Use	13,721	13,818	4,348	4,735	1,407	1,599	2,941	3,136	9,373	9,083	1,589	1,771	1,233	1,327	11,948	11,825
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.45B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 26 to 49, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	22.4^a	23.7	36.6^a	40.7	45.3^a	50.1	33.6^a	37.5	18.3	18.8	40.1^a	45.1	44.9	47.0	20.8	21.8
Marijuana	17.5^a	19.5	27.5^a	32.2	32.7^a	40.1	25.7^a	29.4	14.7^a	15.8	29.8^a	37.1	33.5	38.2	16.4^a	17.9
Cocaine	2.8	2.8	4.9^a	6.1	8.3	9.2	3.7^a	5.0	2.2	1.8	6.6	7.6	7.2	7.5	2.5	2.3
Crack	0.4	0.4	1.1	1.0	2.4	1.6	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.2	1.6	0.9	1.7	0.8	0.3	0.3
Heroin	0.5	0.5	1.3	1.2	2.5	2.5	1.0	0.8	0.3	0.2	1.8	1.3	2.0	1.4	0.4	0.4
Hallucinogens	2.0^a	2.5	3.8^a	5.6	6.1^a	8.8	3.0^a	4.5	1.4	1.7	5.7^a	7.7	6.7	7.6	1.7^a	2.1
LSD	0.6^a	0.9	1.1^a	2.1	2.2	3.5	0.7^a	1.6	0.4	0.5	1.7^a	3.3	2.0	3.4	0.5^a	0.7
PCP	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	1.1	1.3	2.1	2.8	4.0	4.4	1.5	2.2	0.8	0.8	3.9	3.6	4.6	4.1	0.8	1.1
Inhalants	0.5	0.6	1.1	1.5	1.6	2.3	0.9	1.2	0.4	0.4	1.4	2.4	1.7	1.8	0.4	0.5
Methamphetamine	0.9^a	1.1	2.2^a	3.3	3.4^a	6.8	1.8	2.1	0.5	0.5	2.9^a	4.6	3.6	5.5	0.7	0.8
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	8.1	7.8	16.8	17.6	23.2	23.7	14.6	15.4	5.6^a	4.9	19.4	18.5	22.6	20.4	7.1	6.8
Pain Relievers	5.1	4.7	11.1	10.6	15.7	14.4	9.5	9.3	3.4	3.0	13.0	11.1	14.8	12.8	4.4	4.1
Stimulants	2.5	2.3	5.2	5.8	7.1	8.2	4.6	4.9	1.8^a	1.3	6.3	6.4	7.3	6.5	2.2	2.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.8	2.9	7.0	7.6	11.0	11.7	5.7	6.1	1.6	1.5	8.8	8.5	10.5	9.4	2.3	2.4
Tranquilizers	2.5	2.6	6.2	6.9	9.9	10.9	5.0	5.5	1.4	1.3	8.0	7.9	9.7	8.7	2.0	2.1
Sedatives	0.5	0.5	1.3	1.3	1.9	2.0	1.1	1.0	0.3	0.3	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.8	0.4	0.4
Benzodiazepines	2.3	2.4	5.9	6.5	9.6	10.4	4.6	5.2	1.3	1.3	7.8	7.4	9.4	8.0	1.9	2.0
Opioids	5.3	4.9	11.5	10.9	16.5	15.2	9.8	9.4	3.5	3.1	13.4	11.4	15.3	13.1	4.6	4.2
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	10.8	10.7	21.1	22.7	29.1	30.3	18.5	20.1	7.8	7.1	24.6	24.7	28.6	26.4	9.5	9.4
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	61.6	61.1	62.7	64.0	61.6	58.4	63.1^a	65.9	61.3	60.3	63.3	61.5	60.5	58.6	61.6	61.3
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	32.6	33.1	34.6	36.2	34.0	33.7	34.8	37.0	32.0	32.2	33.6	34.4	32.2	31.9	32.6	33.1
Heavy Alcohol Use	7.9	8.0	9.8	10.7	12.8	11.2	8.8^a	10.5	7.4	7.2	11.1	11.8	12.4	11.0	7.7	7.7
Cigarette Use	23.5	23.4	31.5	32.8	38.3	39.8	29.3	30.4	21.3	20.6	33.3	35.0	37.4	38.4	22.6	22.2
Daily Cigarette Use	13.7	13.7	19.5	20.8	25.2	27.1	17.6	18.6	12.0	11.6	20.8	22.2	24.6	25.1	13.0	12.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.46A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 50 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	11,760	11,921	3,259	3,477	839	1,102	2,420	2,375	8,501	8,444	1,341	1,506	865	1,042	10,267	10,244
Marijuana	8,329	8,889	2,060	2,357	461	681	1,599	1,676	6,269	6,532	869	1,035	498	732	7,354	7,787
Cocaine	895	628	317	198	110	55	207	143	577	430	114	34	99	28	773	593
Crack	427	307	202	138	79	55	123	83	225	169	67	28	54	28	352	277
Heroin	158	180	107	55	63	21	44	34	51	125	47	10	34	9	111	162
Hallucinogens	241	317	108	124	*	47	88	78	133	192	61	51	*	33	180	264
LSD	120	48	56	16	*	*	36	16	64	32	45	*	*	*	75	48
PCP	*	*	1	2	*	2	1	*	*	*	*	2	*	2	*	*
Ecstasy	35	41	1	11	*	*	1	11	34	30	*	*	*	*	35	41
Inhalants	93	229	73	61	29	11	45	50	19^a	168	29	35	9	*	64^a	194
Methamphetamine	334	402	171	219	90	110	81	110	163	182	72	127	62	86	262	275
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	3,792	3,635	1,322	1,324	409	525	913	799	2,470	2,311	544	631	393	404	3,181	2,887
Pain Relievers	2,722	2,630	910	960	247	401	663	559	1,812	1,670	319	497	210	310	2,346	2,078
Stimulants	296	160	114	55	50	22	64	34	182	105	37	23	37	22	254	128
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,504	1,405	650	615	249	194	402	420	853	790	321	268	255	132	1,171	1,083
Tranquilizers	1,127	1,141	513	570	173	176	340	394	614	571	237	253	172	117	885	845
Sedatives	581^a	300	308^a	59	160^a	23	148^a	37	273	241	167^a	18	141^a	18	408	271
Benzodiazepines	1,072	1,047	489	481	160	152	329	330	583	565	229	195	164	93	843	808
Opioids	2,844	2,743	1,001	1,013	293	420	707	593	1,843	1,730	366	506	244	319	2,421	2,174
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	4,999	4,665	1,756	1,668	556	644	1,200	1,024	3,243	2,997	734	729	553	484	4,190	3,810
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	57,020	57,131	7,175	7,104	1,175	1,150	6,000	5,953	49,845	50,028	2,422	2,312	1,247	1,380	54,148	54,371
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	19,990	20,634	2,964	3,085	572	628	2,392	2,457	17,026	17,549	1,011	1,112	564	634	18,832	19,364
Heavy Alcohol Use	5,277	5,291	999	822	227	191	772	631	4,278	4,469	400	321	234	191	4,858	4,926
Cigarette Use	16,646	16,166	3,551	3,721	916	1,101	2,635	2,620	13,095	12,445	1,240	1,493	816	1,064	15,166	14,516
Daily Cigarette Use	11,030	10,974	2,313	2,361	652	837	1,661	1,524	8,717	8,613	861	1,028	592	725	10,038	9,886
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.46B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 50 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs	10.4	10.5	21.0	21.8	27.5^a	38.7	19.4	18.1	8.8	8.6	25.6	29.4	27.9	32.2	9.7	9.5
Marijuana	7.4	7.8	13.3	14.8	15.2^a	23.9	12.8	12.8	6.5	6.7	16.6	20.2	16.1	22.6	6.9	7.2
Cocaine	0.8	0.6	2.0	1.2	3.6	1.9	1.7	1.1	0.6	0.4	2.2	0.7	3.2	0.9	0.7	0.5
Crack	0.4	0.3	1.3	0.9	2.6	1.9	1.0	0.6	0.2	0.2	1.3	0.6	1.8	0.9	0.3	0.3
Heroin	0.1	0.2	0.7	0.3	2.1	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.9	0.2	1.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.3	0.7	0.8	*	1.6	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.2	1.2	1.0	*	1.0	0.2	0.2
LSD	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.1	*	*	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.9	*	*	*	0.1	0.0
PCP	*	*	0.0	0.0	*	0.1	0.0	*	*	*	*	0.0	*	0.1	*	*
Ecstasy	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	*	*	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	*	*	*	*	0.0	0.0
Inhalants	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0^a	0.2	0.5	0.7	0.3	*	0.1^a	0.2
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.4	1.1	1.4	3.0	3.8	0.6	0.8	0.2	0.2	1.4	2.5	2.0	2.6	0.2	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	3.4	3.2	8.5	8.3	13.4	18.4	7.3	6.1	2.5	2.4	10.4	12.3	12.7	12.5	3.0	2.7
Pain Relievers	2.4	2.3	5.9	6.0	8.1	14.1	5.3	4.3	1.9	1.7	6.1	9.7	6.8	9.6	2.2	1.9
Stimulants	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.3	1.6	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1.3	1.2	4.2	3.8	8.2	6.8	3.2	3.2	0.9	0.8	6.1	5.2	8.2	4.1	1.1	1.0
Tranquilizers	1.0	1.0	3.3	3.6	5.7	6.2	2.7	3.0	0.6	0.6	4.5	4.9	5.5	3.6	0.8	0.8
Sedatives	0.5^a	0.3	2.0^a	0.4	5.3^a	0.8	1.2^a	0.3	0.3	0.2	3.2^a	0.3	4.6^a	0.6	0.4	0.3
Benzodiazepines	1.0	0.9	3.1	3.0	5.2	5.3	2.6	2.5	0.6	0.6	4.4	3.8	5.3	2.9	0.8	0.7
Opioids	2.5	2.4	6.4	6.3	9.6	14.8	5.7	4.5	1.9	1.8	7.0	9.9	7.9	9.9	2.3	2.0
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	4.4	4.1	11.3	10.4	18.3	22.6	9.6	7.8	3.3	3.1	14.0	14.2	17.8	14.9	3.9	3.5
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	50.7	50.2	46.2	44.5	38.6	40.4	48.1	45.4	51.4	51.1	46.2	45.1	40.2	42.6	51.0	50.4
Binge Alcohol Use⁵	17.8	18.1	19.1	19.3	18.8	22.0	19.2	18.7	17.5	17.9	19.3	21.7	18.2	19.6	17.7	18.0
Heavy Alcohol Use	4.7	4.6	6.4	5.1	7.5	6.7	6.2	4.8	4.4	4.6	7.6	6.3	7.6	5.9	4.6	4.6
Cigarette Use	14.8	14.2	22.9	23.3	30.1	38.6	21.1	20.0	13.5	12.7	23.6	29.2	26.3	32.9	14.3	13.5
Daily Cigarette Use	9.8	9.6	14.9	14.8	21.4	29.4	13.3	11.6	9.0	8.8	16.4	20.1	19.1	22.4	9.5	9.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.47A – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	247,161	248,857	46,632	47,635	11,190	11,373	35,441	36,262	200,529	201,222	17,297	17,720	11,007	11,489	227,299	228,363
ILLICIT DRUGS	6,804	7,412	3,999	4,361	1,651	1,910	2,348	2,451	2,805	3,051	1,839^a	2,230	1,402	1,631	4,820	5,058
Marijuana	3,500	3,910	1,908	2,118	733	748	1,175	1,370	1,591	1,791	843^a	1,072	625	702	2,609	2,779
Cocaine	947	973	637	581	284	322	352	259	310	391	261	317	219	247	663	649
Heroin	648	522	456	333	207	146	249	187	192	189	190	132	130	103	424	372
Hallucinogens	260	235	185	157	70	99	115^a	58	75	78	66	108	58	86	192^a	117
Inhalants	70	95	59	62	13	23	46	40	11	33	30	28	20	18	38	67
Methamphetamine	940	1,033	618	752	264^a	440	353	312	322	281	249^a	427	212	331	644	584
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	2,332	2,370	1,578	1,637	762	820	816	816	754	733	814	833	643	647	1,459	1,488
Pain Relievers	1,579	1,591	1,055	1,061	495	472	559	589	524	529	503	462	405	350	1,023	1,112
Stimulants	510	508	388	380	185	219	204	162	121	128	216	240	179	194	287	249
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	740	683	551	554	294	295	257	259	189	129	332	337	282	264	406	332
Tranquilizers	658	612	486	518	258	275	228	243	172^a	94	280	314	246	244	378	292
Sedatives	188	100	156^a	62	80	43	76^a	20	31	38	116^a	42	87	39	71	50
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	2,006	1,920	1,331	1,262	610	550	721	713	676	658	614	536	470	400	1,322	1,350
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	4,034	4,163	2,607	2,705	1,179	1,389	1,428	1,316	1,426	1,457	1,216	1,428	960	1,111	2,703	2,658
ALCOHOL	14,062	14,418	5,879	6,390	2,067	1,971	3,812^a	4,420	8,183	8,027	2,532	2,642	1,843	1,728	11,418	11,612
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	2,157	2,487	1,352	1,565	626	715	726	850	805	923	651	833	536	634	1,464	1,613
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	18,708	19,343	8,526	9,187	3,092	3,166	5,434^a	6,021	10,183	10,156	3,720	4,039	2,709	2,725	14,774	15,056
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	4,647	4,925	2,647	2,797	1,025	1,195	1,622	1,601	2,000	2,129	1,188	1,396	866	997	3,356	3,445
ALCOHOL ONLY	11,905	11,930	4,527	4,826	1,441	1,256	3,086^a	3,570	7,378	7,105	1,881	1,809	1,307	1,094	9,954	9,999
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	228,452	229,515	38,106	38,448	8,098	8,207	30,007	30,241	190,347	191,066	13,576	13,681	8,297	8,764	212,525	213,307
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.47B – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ILLICIT DRUGS	2.8	3.0	8.6	9.2	14.7	16.8	6.6	6.8	1.4	1.5	10.6^a	12.6	12.7	14.2	2.1	2.2
Marijuana	1.4	1.6	4.1	4.4	6.6	6.6	3.3	3.8	0.8	0.9	4.9^a	6.0	5.7	6.1	1.1	1.2
Cocaine	0.4	0.4	1.4	1.2	2.5	2.8	1.0	0.7	0.2	0.2	1.5	1.8	2.0	2.1	0.3	0.3
Heroin	0.3	0.2	1.0	0.7	1.9	1.3	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.1	1.1	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.9	0.3^a	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.1^a	0.1
Inhalants	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.4	1.3	1.6	2.4^a	3.9	1.0	0.9	0.2	0.1	1.4^a	2.4	1.9	2.9	0.3	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	0.9	1.0	3.4	3.4	6.8	7.2	2.3	2.3	0.4	0.4	4.7	4.7	5.8	5.6	0.6	0.7
Pain Relievers	0.6	0.6	2.3	2.2	4.4	4.2	1.6	1.6	0.3	0.3	2.9	2.6	3.7	3.0	0.5	0.5
Stimulants	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.8	1.7	1.9	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.7	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.3	0.3	1.2	1.2	2.6	2.6	0.7	0.7	0.1	0.1	1.9	1.9	2.6	2.3	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.3	0.2	1.0	1.1	2.3	2.4	0.6	0.7	0.1^a	0.0	1.6	1.8	2.2	2.1	0.2	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.0	0.3^a	0.1	0.7	0.4	0.2^a	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7^a	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.0	0.0
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	0.8	0.8	2.9	2.7	5.5	4.8	2.0	2.0	0.3	0.3	3.6	3.0	4.3	3.5	0.6	0.6
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	1.6	1.7	5.6	5.7	10.5	12.2	4.0	3.6	0.7	0.7	7.0	8.1	8.7	9.7	1.2	1.2
ALCOHOL	5.7	5.8	12.6	13.4	18.5	17.3	10.8^a	12.2	4.1	4.0	14.6	14.9	16.7	15.0	5.0	5.1
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.9	1.0	2.9	3.3	5.6	6.3	2.0	2.3	0.4	0.5	3.8	4.7	4.9	5.5	0.6	0.7
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	7.6	7.8	18.3	19.3	27.6	27.8	15.3	16.6	5.1	5.0	21.5	22.8	24.6	23.7	6.5	6.6
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	1.9	2.0	5.7	5.9	9.2	10.5	4.6	4.4	1.0	1.1	6.9	7.9	7.9	8.7	1.5	1.5
ALCOHOL ONLY	4.8	4.8	9.7	10.1	12.9	11.0	8.7	9.8	3.7	3.5	10.9	10.2	11.9^a	9.5	4.4	4.4
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	92.4	92.2	81.7	80.7	72.4	72.2	84.7	83.4	94.9	95.0	78.5	77.2	75.4	76.3	93.5	93.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.48A – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 25, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	34,306	34,036	8,849	8,944	2,566	2,619	6,283	6,326	25,458	25,092	4,416	4,609	2,887	2,968	29,422	28,886
ILLICIT DRUGS	2,512	2,599	1,328	1,409	558	566	771	843	1,183	1,190	690	810	520	555	1,765	1,745
Marijuana	1,799	2,003	881	1,048	356	399	525^a	649	918	955	442^a	585	326	381	1,317	1,388
Cocaine	243	212	158	142	84	67	74	75	85	70	71	78	62	59	167	133
Heroin	165^a	101	118	74	63	31	56	43	46	28	56	39	45	33	92	60
Hallucinogens	130	138	96	75	43	49	53	26	34	63	32	48	27	39	97	84
Inhalants	29	40	27	25	11	2	16	23	2	15	17	11	9	11	10	29
Methamphetamine	188	134	140	91	80	47	60	45	48	43	63	53	47	43	110	77
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	639	551	439^a	332	212	190	226^a	142	200	219	256	227	211	172	372	317
Pain Relievers	339^a	248	233^a	149	119	84	114^a	65	106	99	133	93	113	72	197	154
Stimulants	187	185	147	102	68	64	79^a	38	40^a	83	95	79	78	62	92	105
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	288	224	206	157	107	89	99	68	83	67	126	114	109	93	162	108
Tranquilizers	278	223	199	156	103	87	97	68	79	67	120	112	106	92	158	108
Sedatives	24	9	17	7	11	7	6	*	7	3	15	7	13	6	9	3
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	445^a	312	304^a	195	160^a	101	144	95	140	116	166	118	141	94	257	190
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	1,028	914	674	550	328	284	346	266	354	364	350	345	283	264	645	551
ALCOHOL	3,444	3,424	1,544	1,564	598	530	946	1,033	1,900	1,861	868	835	634	561	2,543	2,520
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	879	905	497	526	209	217	288	309	382	379	273	308	206	223	590	576
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	5,076	5,118	2,376	2,447	947	879	1,429	1,568	2,701	2,671	1,284	1,337	948	893	3,719	3,688
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	1,632	1,694	831	883	348	349	483	534	801	811	416	502	314	332	1,176	1,169
ALCOHOL ONLY	2,565	2,519	1,047	1,038	389	313	658	725	1,518	1,482	594	527	428	338	1,954	1,944
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	29,230	28,918	6,473	6,498	1,619	1,739	4,854	4,758	22,757	22,421	3,132	3,271	1,939	2,076	25,703	25,198
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.48B – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 25, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ILLICIT DRUGS	7.3	7.6	15.0	15.8	21.7	21.6	12.3	13.3	4.6	4.7	15.6	17.6	18.0	18.7	6.0	6.0
Marijuana	5.2	5.9	10.0^a	11.7	13.9	15.3	8.4^a	10.3	3.6	3.8	10.0^a	12.7	11.3	12.8	4.5	4.8
Cocaine	0.7	0.6	1.8	1.6	3.3	2.6	1.2	1.2	0.3	0.3	1.6	1.7	2.2	2.0	0.6	0.5
Heroin	0.5^a	0.3	1.3	0.8	2.5	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.2	0.1	1.3	0.8	1.6	1.1	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.4	0.4	1.1	0.8	1.7	1.9	0.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.7	1.0	0.9	1.3	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.5	0.4	1.6	1.0	3.1	1.8	1.0	0.7	0.2	0.2	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	0.4	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	1.9	1.6	5.0^a	3.7	8.3	7.3	3.6^a	2.2	0.8	0.9	5.8	4.9	7.3	5.8	1.3	1.1
Pain Relievers	1.0^a	0.7	2.6^a	1.7	4.6	3.2	1.8^a	1.0	0.4	0.4	3.0	2.0	3.9	2.4	0.7	0.5
Stimulants	0.5	0.5	1.7	1.1	2.7	2.4	1.3^a	0.6	0.2^a	0.3	2.1	1.7	2.7	2.1	0.3	0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8	0.7	2.3	1.8	4.2	3.4	1.6	1.1	0.3	0.3	2.8	2.5	3.8	3.1	0.6	0.4
Tranquilizers	0.8	0.7	2.3	1.7	4.0	3.3	1.5	1.1	0.3	0.3	2.7	2.4	3.7	3.1	0.5	0.4
Sedatives	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	*	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	1.3^a	0.9	3.4^a	2.2	6.2^a	3.8	2.3	1.5	0.6	0.5	3.8	2.6	4.9^a	3.2	0.9	0.7
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	3.0	2.7	7.6^a	6.1	12.8	10.8	5.5	4.2	1.4	1.5	7.9	7.5	9.8	8.9	2.2	1.9
ALCOHOL	10.0	10.1	17.5	17.5	23.3	20.2	15.1	16.3	7.5	7.4	19.6	18.1	22.0	18.9	8.6	8.7
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	2.6	2.7	5.6	5.9	8.2	8.3	4.6	4.9	1.5	1.5	6.2	6.7	7.1	7.5	2.0	2.0
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	14.8	15.0	26.8	27.4	36.9	33.6	22.7	24.8	10.6	10.6	29.1	29.0	32.8	30.1	12.6	12.8
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	4.8	5.0	9.4	9.9	13.6	13.3	7.7	8.4	3.1	3.2	9.4	10.9	10.9	11.2	4.0	4.0
ALCOHOL ONLY	7.5	7.4	11.8	11.6	15.2	12.0	10.5	11.5	6.0	5.9	13.5	11.4	14.8^a	11.4	6.6	6.7
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	85.2	85.0	73.2	72.6	63.1	66.4	77.3	75.2	89.4	89.4	70.9	71.0	67.2	69.9	87.4	87.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.49A – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 26 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	212,854	214,821	37,783	38,691	8,625	8,755	29,158	29,936	175,071	176,131	12,880	13,111	8,119	8,520	197,877	199,477
ILLICIT DRUGS	4,292	4,814	2,670	2,952	1,093	1,344	1,577	1,608	1,622	1,861	1,150	1,420	882	1,076	3,055	3,313
Marijuana	1,701	1,907	1,027	1,070	377	349	650	721	674	837	400	487	300	322	1,292	1,391
Cocaine	703	760	479	439	200	255	278	184	225	321	191	239	157	188	496	516
Heroin	483	421	338	259	145	115	193	144	146	161	135	93	85	70	332	312
Hallucinogens	130	97	89	82	27	50	61	32	41	15	34	60	31	47	95^a	32
Inhalants	41	55	32	37	2	21	30	17	9	18	13	17	11	8	28	38
Methamphetamine	751	899	477	661	184^a	393	293	268	274	238	186^a	374	164	289	535	507
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	1,693	1,819	1,139	1,305	549	630	590	674	554	514	558	606	433	475	1,086	1,171
Pain Relievers	1,240	1,343	822	913	376	388	445	525	418	430	370	369	292	277	826	959
Stimulants	323	323	241	279	116	155	125	124	82	44	121	161	101	132	195	145
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	451	458	345	397	187	206	158	191	106	62	206	224	172	171	244	224
Tranquilizers	380	390	286	363	155	188	132	175	93^a	27	160	202	141	152	220	184
Sedatives	164	91	139^a	56	69	36	70	20	25	35	101	36	74	34	61	48
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	1,562	1,608	1,026	1,067	450	449	577	618	535	541	448	418	330	306	1,065	1,159
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	3,006	3,248	1,933	2,155	851	1,105	1,082	1,050	1,073	1,093	867	1,083	677	847	2,058	2,107
ALCOHOL	10,618	10,994	4,335	4,827	1,469	1,440	2,866^a	3,386	6,283	6,167	1,665	1,807	1,209	1,167	8,875	9,092
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	1,278	1,582	855	1,039	416	498	439	541	423	544	378	526	329	411	875	1,038
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	13,632	14,225	6,150	6,740	2,145	2,287	4,005	4,453	7,482	7,485	2,436	2,701	1,762	1,832	11,055	11,368
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	3,014	3,231	1,815	1,913	677	846	1,139	1,067	1,199	1,318	772	894	553	665	2,180	2,276
ALCOHOL ONLY	9,340	9,411	3,480	3,788	1,053	943	2,428	2,845	5,860	5,623	1,287	1,282	880	756	8,001	8,055
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	199,222^a	200,596	31,633	31,951	6,479	6,468	25,153	25,483	167,590	168,646	10,444	10,410	6,358	6,688	186,822	188,109
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.49B – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 26 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ILLICIT DRUGS	2.0	2.2	7.1	7.6	12.7	15.4	5.4	5.4	0.9	1.1	8.9	10.8	10.9	12.6	1.5	1.7
Marijuana	0.8	0.9	2.7	2.8	4.4	4.0	2.2	2.4	0.4	0.5	3.1	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.7	0.7
Cocaine	0.3	0.4	1.3	1.1	2.3	2.9	1.0	0.6	0.1	0.2	1.5	1.8	1.9	2.2	0.3	0.3
Heroin	0.2	0.2	0.9	0.7	1.7	1.3	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.1	1.0	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.0^a	0.0
Inhalants	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.4	1.3	1.7	2.1^a	4.5	1.0	0.9	0.2	0.1	1.4^a	2.9	2.0	3.4	0.3	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	0.8	0.8	3.0	3.4	6.4	7.2	2.0	2.3	0.3	0.3	4.3	4.6	5.3	5.6	0.5	0.6
Pain Relievers	0.6	0.6	2.2	2.4	4.4	4.4	1.5	1.8	0.2	0.2	2.9	2.8	3.6	3.3	0.4	0.5
Stimulants	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.7	1.3	1.8	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.5	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.2	0.2	0.9	1.0	2.2	2.3	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.0	1.6	1.7	2.1	2.0	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.9	1.8	2.1	0.5	0.6	0.1^a	0.0	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.8	0.1	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.0	0.4^a	0.1	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.3	0.9	0.4	0.0	0.0
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	0.7	0.7	2.7	2.8	5.2	5.1	2.0	2.1	0.3	0.3	3.5	3.2	4.1	3.6	0.5	0.6
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	1.4	1.5	5.1	5.6	9.9^a	12.6	3.7	3.5	0.6	0.6	6.7	8.3	8.3	9.9	1.0	1.1
ALCOHOL	5.0	5.1	11.5	12.5	17.0	16.5	9.8	11.3	3.6	3.5	12.9	13.8	14.9	13.7	4.5	4.6
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.6	0.7	2.3	2.7	4.8	5.7	1.5	1.8	0.2	0.3	2.9	4.0	4.1	4.8	0.4	0.5
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	6.4	6.6	16.3	17.4	24.9	26.1	13.7	14.9	4.3	4.2	18.9	20.6	21.7	21.5	5.6	5.7
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	1.4	1.5	4.8	4.9	7.8	9.7	3.9	3.6	0.7	0.7	6.0	6.8	6.8	7.8	1.1	1.1
ALCOHOL ONLY	4.4	4.4	9.2	9.8	12.2	10.8	8.3	9.5	3.3	3.2	10.0	9.8	10.8	8.9	4.0	4.0
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	93.6	93.4	83.7	82.6	75.1	73.9	86.3	85.1	95.7	95.8	81.1	79.4	78.3	78.5	94.4	94.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.50A – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 26 to 49, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100,310	100,939	22,256	22,721	5,580	5,907	16,676	16,815	78,054	78,218	7,635	7,990	5,019	5,284	91,772	91,692
ILLICIT DRUGS	3,129^a	3,570	1,950^a	2,329	813	1,019	1,137	1,310	1,179	1,241	821^a	1,087	647	833	2,247	2,422
Marijuana	1,282^a	1,550	768	941	271	345	497	596	514	609	289^a	439	242	306	984	1,087
Cocaine	498	591	330	361	166	201	164	161	168	230	171	205	139	160	319	381
Heroin	373	280	253	224	101	106	152	117	120	57	99	84	62	61	257	188
Hallucinogens	114	95	72	80	27	48	45	32	41	15	34	58	31	45	78	32
Inhalants	19	45	17	28	2	11	16	17	*	18	13	8	11	8	6	38
Methamphetamine	515^a	712	350^a	511	132^a	293	217	218	165	200	153	251	131	206	331	443
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	1,154	1,216	795	936	371	443	424	494	359	279	377	410	293	345	745	771
Pain Relievers	798	838	559	610	254	245	304	365	240	228	255	218	205	192	518	605
Stimulants	268	281	193	239	102	133	92	106	75	42	107	140	87	110	154	125
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	292	275	219	246	104	142	115	104	73	28	121	130	99	112	170	142
Tranquilizers	244	241	179	215	87	127	92	88	65	26	90	111	83	95	154	127
Sedatives	79	53	67	51	27	31	40	20	12	*	47	31	33	29	30	22
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	1,048	1,005	707	731	312	297	395	434	341	274	312	258	234	212	706	723
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	2,100	2,287	1,369	1,602	628	781	742	822	730	685	624	762	487	616	1,420	1,482
ALCOHOL	6,922	7,387	3,066^a	3,547	1,108	1,096	1,959^a	2,451	3,855	3,840	1,251	1,326	935	868	5,612	5,983
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	978	1,219	648^a	856	337	389	311^a	467	330	363	317	443	270	333	639	764
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	9,073	9,738	4,369^a	5,020	1,584	1,726	2,785^a	3,294	4,704	4,718	1,755	1,970	1,312	1,368	7,220	7,642
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	2,152	2,351	1,302	1,473	476	630	827	843	849	878	504	643	377	500	1,608	1,659
ALCOHOL ONLY	5,944	6,168	2,419	2,691	771	707	1,648^a	1,984	3,525	3,477	934	883	665	535	4,973	5,220
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	91,237	91,201	17,888	17,701	3,997	4,180	13,891	13,521	73,349	73,500	5,880	6,020	3,706	3,916	84,552	84,050
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.50B – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 26 to 49, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ILLICIT DRUGS	3.1	3.5	8.8^a	10.3	14.6	17.3	6.8	7.8	1.5	1.6	10.7^a	13.6	12.9	15.8	2.4	2.6
Marijuana	1.3	1.5	3.5	4.1	4.9	5.8	3.0	3.5	0.7	0.8	3.8^a	5.5	4.8	5.8	1.1	1.2
Cocaine	0.5	0.6	1.5	1.6	3.0	3.4	1.0	1.0	0.2	0.3	2.2	2.6	2.8	3.0	0.3	0.4
Heroin	0.4	0.3	1.1	1.0	1.8	1.8	0.9	0.7	0.2	0.1	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.2	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.1	0.0
Inhalants	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	*	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Methamphetamine	0.5^a	0.7	1.6^a	2.3	2.4^a	5.0	1.3	1.3	0.2	0.3	2.0	3.1	2.6	3.9	0.4	0.5
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	1.1	1.2	3.6	4.1	6.7	7.5	2.5	2.9	0.5	0.4	4.9	5.1	5.8	6.5	0.8	0.8
Pain Relievers	0.8	0.8	2.5	2.7	4.6	4.2	1.8	2.2	0.3	0.3	3.3	2.7	4.1	3.6	0.6	0.7
Stimulants	0.3	0.3	0.9	1.1	1.8	2.3	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.1	1.4	1.7	1.7	2.1	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.3	0.3	1.0	1.1	1.9	2.4	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.0	1.6	1.6	2.0	2.1	0.2	0.2
Tranquilizers	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.9	1.6	2.2	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.0	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.8	0.2	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.0	*	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.0	0.0
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	1.0	1.0	3.2	3.2	5.6	5.0	2.4	2.6	0.4	0.3	4.1	3.2	4.7	4.0	0.8	0.8
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	2.1	2.3	6.2	7.1	11.2	13.2	4.4	4.9	0.9	0.9	8.2	9.5	9.7	11.7	1.5	1.6
ALCOHOL	6.9	7.3	13.8^a	15.6	19.9	18.6	11.7^a	14.6	4.9	4.9	16.4	16.6	18.6	16.4	6.1	6.5
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	1.0	1.2	2.9	3.8	6.0	6.6	1.9^a	2.8	0.4	0.5	4.2	5.6	5.4	6.3	0.7	0.8
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	9.0	9.6	19.6^a	22.1	28.4	29.2	16.7^a	19.6	6.0	6.0	23.0	24.7	26.1	25.9	7.9	8.3
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	2.1	2.3	5.9	6.5	8.5	10.7	5.0	5.0	1.1	1.1	6.6	8.0	7.5	9.5	1.8	1.8
ALCOHOL ONLY	5.9	6.1	10.9	11.8	13.8	12.0	9.9^a	11.8	4.5	4.4	12.2	11.1	13.3^a	10.1	5.4	5.7
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	91.0	90.4	80.4^a	77.9	71.6	70.8	83.3^a	80.4	94.0	94.0	77.0	75.3	73.9	74.1	92.1	91.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.51A – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 50 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	112,544	113,882	15,527	15,969	3,044	2,848	12,482	13,121	97,017	97,913	5,245	5,121	3,101	3,236	106,105	107,785
ILLICIT DRUGS	1,163	1,243	720	623	280	325	440	298	442	621	329	333	235	243	808	891
Marijuana	419	357	259	129	106^a	4	153	125	159	227	111	48	58	16	308	305
Cocaine	206	169	149	78	34	55	114^a	23	57	91	19	34	18	28	178	135
Heroin	110	140	84	36	43	9	41	27	26	105	35	9	23	9	75	124
Hallucinogens	16	*	16	2	*	2	16	*	*	*	*	2	*	2	16	*
Inhalants	23	10	15	10	*	*	15	*	8	*	*	10	*	*	23	*
Methamphetamine	237	187	128	150	52	100	76	50	109	37	33	123	33	83	203^a	64
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	540	603	344	368	178	188	166	181	196	235	181	196	140	130	342	399
Pain Relievers	442	505	263	302	122	142	141	160	179	203	116	151	87	85	308	354
Stimulants	55	42	48	40	*	22	33	18	7	*	15	22	*	22	41	20
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	159	183	126	150	83	63	43	87	33	33	85	94	73	59	74	82
Tranquilizers	136	148	107	148	68	61	40	87	29	*	70	91	58	56	66	57
Sedatives	85	38	72^a	5	42	5	30	*	13	33	54	5	42	5	31	26
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	513	604	320	336	138	152	182	184	194	268	137	160	95	94	359	437
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	906	961	564	553	223	325	341	229	342	408	243	321	190	231	638	625
ALCOHOL	3,696	3,607	1,269	1,280	361	344	908	936	2,428	2,327	413	481	274	299	3,263	3,109
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	300	364	207	183	79	109	128	74	93	181	61	82	59	78	236	274
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	4,559	4,486	1,782	1,720	562	560	1,220	1,159	2,777	2,767	681	732	449	464	3,835	3,726
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	863	880	513	440	201	216	312	224	349	440	268	251	175	165	572	617
ALCOHOL ONLY	3,396	3,243	1,062	1,097	282	236	780	861	2,335	2,146	352	399	215	221	3,027	2,835
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	107,985^a	109,396	13,745	14,250	2,483	2,288	11,262	11,962	94,240	95,146	4,564	4,390	2,652	2,773	102,270	104,059
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190418

Table 8.51B – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 50 or Older, by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Total (2017)	Total (2018)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2017)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2018)	No Mental Illness¹ (2017)	No Mental Illness¹ (2018)	MDE² (2017)	MDE² (2018)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2017)	MDE with Severe Impairment^2,3 (2018)	No MDE² (2017)	No MDE² (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ILLICIT DRUGS	1.0	1.1	4.6	3.9	9.2	11.4	3.5	2.3	0.5	0.6	6.3	6.5	7.6	7.5	0.8	0.8
Marijuana	0.4	0.3	1.7	0.8	3.5^a	0.1	1.2	1.0	0.2	0.2	2.1	0.9	1.9	0.5	0.3	0.3
Cocaine	0.2	0.1	1.0	0.5	1.1	1.9	0.9^a	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.2	1.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.7	0.2	0.7	0.3	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.0	*	0.1	0.0	*	0.1	0.1	*	*	*	*	0.0	*	0.1	0.0	*
Inhalants	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	*	0.0	*	*	0.2	*	*	0.0	*
Methamphetamine	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.9	1.7	3.5	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.6	2.4	1.1	2.6	0.2^a	0.1
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	0.5	0.5	2.2	2.3	5.8	6.6	1.3	1.4	0.2	0.2	3.4	3.8	4.5	4.0	0.3	0.4
Pain Relievers	0.4	0.4	1.7	1.9	4.0	5.0	1.1	1.2	0.2	0.2	2.2	2.9	2.8	2.6	0.3	0.3
Stimulants	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	*	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.0	*	0.3	0.4	*	0.7	0.0	0.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.9	2.7	2.2	0.3	0.7	0.0	0.0	1.6	1.8	2.4	1.8	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.9	2.2	2.1	0.3	0.7	0.0	*	1.3	1.8	1.9	1.7	0.1	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.0	0.5^a	0.0	1.4	0.2	0.2	*	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.1	1.3	0.2	0.0	0.0
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	0.5	0.5	2.1	2.1	4.5	5.3	1.5	1.4	0.2	0.3	2.6	3.1	3.1	2.9	0.3	0.4
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana⁴	0.8	0.8	3.6	3.5	7.3	11.4	2.7	1.7	0.4	0.4	4.6	6.3	6.1	7.1	0.6	0.6
ALCOHOL	3.3	3.2	8.2	8.0	11.9	12.1	7.3	7.1	2.5	2.4	7.9	9.4	8.8	9.2	3.1	2.9
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.3	0.3	1.3	1.1	2.6	3.8	1.0	0.6	0.1	0.2	1.2	1.6	1.9	2.4	0.2	0.3
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	4.1	3.9	11.5	10.8	18.5	19.7	9.8	8.8	2.9	2.8	13.0	14.3	14.5	14.3	3.6	3.5
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	0.8	0.8	3.3	2.8	6.6	7.6	2.5	1.7	0.4	0.4	5.1	4.9	5.7	5.1	0.5	0.6
ALCOHOL ONLY	3.0	2.8	6.8	6.9	9.3	8.3	6.2	6.6	2.4	2.2	6.7	7.8	6.9	6.8	2.9	2.6
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	95.9	96.1	88.5	89.2	81.5	80.3	90.2	91.2	97.1	97.2	87.0	85.7	85.5	85.7	96.4	96.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ² Respondents with unknown past year MDE information were excluded. ³ Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ⁴ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190606

Table 8.52A – Types of Professionals Seen among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Major Depressive Episode in Past Year Who Saw or Talked to a Professional about Depression in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Type of Professional¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	10,546	10,604	2,054	2,126	8,492	8,477	4,818	4,715	3,674	3,762
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL	10,114	10,232	1,997	2,045	8,117	8,187	4,630	4,595	3,486	3,592
General Practitioner or Family Doctor	6,131	6,209	928	943	5,203	5,266	2,716	2,716	2,487	2,550
Other Medical Doctor²	1,212	1,112	140	174	1,072	938	534	454	538	483
Psychologist	3,123	3,384	766	790	2,358	2,594	1,568	1,507	789	1,087
Psychiatrist or Psychotherapist	3,458	3,821	796	814	2,662	3,007	1,620	1,804	1,043	1,203
Social Worker	1,266	1,273	219	232	1,047	1,040	636	561	411	479
Counselor	2,885	3,175	847	844	2,037	2,332	1,507	1,438	530^a	894
Other Mental Health Professional³	920	1,054	177	211	743	842	484	554	259	289
Nurse, Occupational Therapist, or Other Health Professional	827	868	183	189	644	679	365	334	279	345
ALTERNATIVE SERVICE PROFESSIONAL	1,994	1,930	309	296	1,685	1,634	910	761	775	873
Religious or Spiritual Advisor	1,601	1,493	254	235	1,348	1,258	773^a	528	574	730
Herbalist, Chiropractor, Acupuncturist, or Massage Therapist	585	669	75	78	510	591	239	332	270	259
OTHER PROFESSIONAL⁴	73	108	8	28	64	80	24	38	40	42
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of professionals; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown type of professional data were excluded from the estimates for each specific type of professional but were included in the Total row. ² Other Medical Doctor includes cardiologists, gynecologists, urologists, and other medical doctors that are not general practitioners or family doctors. ³ Other Mental Health Professional includes mental health nurses and other therapists where type is not specified. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on other types of professionals seen for depression were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190606

Table 8.52B – Types of Professionals Seen among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Major Depressive Episode in Past Year Who Saw or Talked to a Professional about Depression in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Type of Professional¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL	96.1	96.8	97.6	96.2	95.7	96.9	96.2	97.8	95.1	95.8
General Practitioner or Family Doctor	58.3	58.7	45.3	44.4	61.4	62.4	56.4	57.8	67.9	68.0
Other Medical Doctor²	11.5	10.5	6.8	8.2	12.6	11.1	11.1	9.7	14.7	12.9
Psychologist	29.7	32.0	37.4	37.2	27.8	30.7	32.6	32.1	21.5	29.0
Psychiatrist or Psychotherapist	32.9	36.2	38.9	38.3	31.4	35.6	33.7	38.4	28.5	32.1
Social Worker	12.0	12.0	10.7	10.9	12.4	12.3	13.2	12.0	11.2	12.8
Counselor	27.4	30.0	41.4	39.7	24.0	27.6	31.3	30.6	14.5^a	23.8
Other Mental Health Professional³	8.7	10.0	8.6	9.9	8.8	10.0	10.1	11.8	7.1	7.7
Nurse, Occupational Therapist, or Other Health Professional	7.9	8.2	9.0	8.9	7.6	8.0	7.6	7.1	7.6	9.2
ALTERNATIVE SERVICE PROFESSIONAL	18.9	18.3	15.1	13.9	19.9	19.4	18.9	16.2	21.1	23.3
Religious or Spiritual Advisor	15.2	14.1	12.4	11.1	15.9	14.9	16.1^a	11.2	15.7	19.5
Herbalist, Chiropractor, Acupuncturist, or Massage Therapist	5.6	6.3	3.7	3.7	6.0	7.0	5.0	7.1	7.4	6.9
OTHER PROFESSIONAL⁴	0.7	1.0	0.4	1.3	0.8	1.0	0.5	0.8	1.1	1.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of professionals; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown type of professional data were excluded from the estimates for each specific type of professional but were included in the Total row. ² Other Medical Doctor includes cardiologists, gynecologists, urologists, and other medical doctors that are not general practitioners or family doctors. ³ Other Mental Health Professional includes mental health nurses and other therapists where type is not specified. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on other types of professionals seen for depression were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190606

Table 8.53A – Types of Professionals Seen among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year Who Saw or Talked to a Professional about Depression in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Type of Professional¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	7,278	7,332	1,515	1,480	5,763	5,852	3,381	3,319	2,381	2,533
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL	7,082	7,105	1,491	1,423	5,591	5,682	3,285	3,237	2,306	2,445
General Practitioner or Family Doctor	4,273	4,478	704	704	3,569	3,774	1,894	1,939	1,675	1,835
Other Medical Doctor²	798	775	122	131	676	645	369	345	307	300
Psychologist	2,475	2,546	651	609	1,825	1,937	1,258	1,139	567	798
Psychiatrist or Psychotherapist	2,540	2,970	621	600	1,919^a	2,370	1,199	1,416	720	954
Social Worker	1,052	984	169	166	882	818	546	461	337	358
Counselor	2,232	2,355	662	616	1,570	1,738	1,175	1,096	394	642
Other Mental Health Professional³	801	873	149	164	652	708	416	478	236	230
Nurse, Occupational Therapist, or Other Health Professional	665	678	130	142	535	536	328	286	207	250
ALTERNATIVE SERVICE PROFESSIONAL	1,456	1,316	252	196	1,204	1,120	666	563	539	557
Religious or Spiritual Advisor	1,191	1,016	198	151	993	865	564^a	385	428	480
Herbalist, Chiropractor, Acupuncturist, or Massage Therapist	445	460	71	60	374	400	194	250	180	151
OTHER PROFESSIONAL⁴	54	89	7	17	47	72	20	34	27	38
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. NOTE: Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of professionals; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown type of professional data were excluded from the estimates for each specific type of professional but were included in the Total row. ² Other Medical Doctor includes cardiologists, gynecologists, urologists, and other medical doctors that are not general practitioners or family doctors. ³ Other Mental Health Professional includes mental health nurses and other therapists where type is not specified. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on other types of professionals seen for depression were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190606

Table 8.53B – Types of Professionals Seen among Persons Aged 18 or Older with Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year Who Saw or Talked to a Professional about Depression in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Type of Professional¹	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL	97.5	97.2	98.6^a	96.2	97.2	97.4	97.3	98.1	97.2	96.6
General Practitioner or Family Doctor	58.8	61.2	46.5	47.5	62.1	64.7	56.1	58.8	70.6	72.5
Other Medical Doctor²	11.0	10.6	8.1	8.8	11.8	11.1	10.9	10.4	12.9	11.8
Psychologist	34.1	34.8	43.0	41.1	31.7	33.2	37.2	34.5	23.9	31.5
Psychiatrist or Psychotherapist	35.0^a	40.6	41.1	40.6	33.4^a	40.6	35.5^a	42.9	30.4	37.7
Social Worker	14.5	13.5	11.2	11.2	15.3	14.0	16.2	14.0	14.2	14.1
Counselor	30.7	32.2	43.8	41.6	27.3	29.8	34.8	33.2	16.6	25.4
Other Mental Health Professional³	11.0	11.9	9.9	11.1	11.3	12.1	12.3	14.5	10.0	9.1
Nurse, Occupational Therapist, or Other Health Professional	9.2	9.3	8.6	9.6	9.3	9.2	9.7	8.7	8.7	9.9
ALTERNATIVE SERVICE PROFESSIONAL	20.0	18.0	16.6	13.3	20.9	19.2	19.7	17.1	22.7	22.0
Religious or Spiritual Advisor	16.4	13.9	13.1	10.2	17.3	14.8	16.7^a	11.7	18.1	19.0
Herbalist, Chiropractor, Acupuncturist, or Massage Therapist	6.1	6.3	4.7	4.0	6.5	6.9	5.7	7.6	7.6	6.0
OTHER PROFESSIONAL⁴	0.8	1.3	0.5	1.2	0.8	1.3	0.6	1.0	1.2	1.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. NOTE: Respondents with unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of professionals; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown type of professional data were excluded from the estimates for each specific type of professional but were included in the Total row. ² Other Medical Doctor includes cardiologists, gynecologists, urologists, and other medical doctors that are not general practitioners or family doctors. ³ Other Mental Health Professional includes mental health nurses and other therapists where type is not specified. ⁴ Respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the other-specify question on other types of professionals seen for depression were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190420

Table 8.54A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	10,642	10,744	3,555	3,709	7,087	7,035	4,292	4,657	2,795	2,379
GENDER
Male	4,814	4,885	1,522	1,621	3,292	3,265	1,927	2,247	1,366	1,017
Female	5,827	5,859	2,033	2,088	3,795	3,771	2,365	2,409	1,430	1,361
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9,341	9,248	2,862	3,059	6,479	6,189	3,826	3,995	2,653	2,195
White	7,284	7,206	2,073	2,244	5,211	4,962	3,035	3,148	2,176	1,813
Black or African American	1,097	1,199	397	439	701	760	493	474	208	286
AIAN	63	87	19	33	44	54	36	35	*	*
NHOPI	74	33	*	*	*	25	*	*	*	*
Asian	454	405	209	189	246	216	129	209	117	7
Two or More Races	369	319	149	146	219	173	90	107	130	66
Hispanic or Latino	1,300	1,496	693	650	608	846	465^a	662	142	184
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4,676	4,687	1,439	1,524	3,236	3,164	2,358	2,468	878	696
Part-Time	1,705	1,878	895	995	809	883	599	639	211	244
Unemployed	845	923	429	399	416	524	286^a	418	129	106
Other¹	3,417	3,256	790	791	2,626	2,465	1,049	1,132	1,578	1,332
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190420

Table 8.54B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	4.3	4.3	10.5	11.0	3.3	3.3	4.3	4.7	2.5	2.1
GENDER
Male	4.1	4.1	8.9	9.6	3.2	3.2	3.9	4.6	2.6	1.9
Female	4.6	4.6	12.0	12.4	3.4	3.4	4.7	4.7	2.4	2.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.5	4.5	10.8	11.7	3.6	3.4	4.8	5.0	2.7	2.2
White	4.6	4.6	11.3	12.4	3.8	3.6	5.3	5.5	2.7	2.2
Black or African American	3.8	4.1	8.3	9.5	2.9	3.1	3.9	3.7	1.8	2.4
AIAN	5.0	5.8	9.0	15.1	4.1	4.2	6.3	5.8	*	*
NHOPI	7.7	3.6	*	*	*	3.4	*	*	*	*
Asian	3.3	2.9	9.8	8.4	2.1	1.8	1.8	2.8	2.6	0.2
Two or More Races	8.9	7.4	17.3	19.7	6.7	4.8	6.0	7.2	7.2	3.2
Hispanic or Latino	3.3	3.7	9.2	8.6	1.9	2.6	2.3	3.3	1.2	1.5
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	3.8	3.8	10.1	10.6	3.0	2.9	3.5	3.7	2.1	1.7
Part-Time	5.3	5.9	10.4	11.5	3.4	3.8	5.4	5.9	1.7	1.9
Unemployed	8.0	9.3	12.4	13.1	5.9	7.7	6.1^a	9.0	5.4	4.8
Other¹	4.2	4.0	10.3	10.4	3.6	3.3	6.2	6.6	2.8	2.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190420

Table 8.55A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	3,195	3,312	1,266	1,160	1,930	2,153	1,230	1,450	700	702
GENDER
Male	1,416	1,528	543	472	873	1,056	516^a	703	357	353
Female	1,779	1,784	723	688	1,057	1,097	713	747	343	349
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,809	2,846	1,038	936	1,771	1,910	1,106	1,257	664	653
White	2,121	2,094	752	644	1,368	1,450	829	971	539	480
Black or African American	326	468	161	166	165^a	302	127	167	37	135
AIAN	35	26	11	15	24	11	20	11	*	*
NHOPI	*	11	*	*	*	8	*	*	*	*
Asian	192	117	62	50	129	67	61	67	*	*
Two or More Races	104	131	51	59	53	72	39	37	14	35
Hispanic or Latino	387	466	228	224	159	242	123	193	36	49
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	1,272	1,336	526	486	746	850	589	635	157	215
Part-Time	479	558	261	287	218	270	166	178	52	92
Unemployed	297	333	187	155	110	178	49^a	136	61	42
Other¹	1,147	1,086	292	232	855	854	425	501	430	353
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans in the past 12 months. Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190420

Table 8.55B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	1.3	1.3	3.7	3.4	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.4	0.6	0.6
GENDER
Male	1.2	1.3	3.2	2.8	0.9	1.0	1.1^a	1.4	0.7	0.7
Female	1.4	1.4	4.3	4.1	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.5	0.6	0.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.4	1.4	3.9	3.6	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.6	0.7	0.6
White	1.4	1.3	4.1	3.6	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.7	0.7	0.6
Black or African American	1.1	1.6	3.4	3.6	0.7^a	1.2	1.0	1.3	0.3	1.1
AIAN	2.7	1.7	4.9	6.7	2.3	0.9	3.4	1.8	*	*
NHOPI	*	1.2	*	*	*	1.1	*	*	*	*
Asian	1.4	0.8	2.9	2.2	1.1	0.6	0.9	0.9	*	*
Two or More Races	2.5	3.0	5.9	8.0	1.6	2.0	2.6	2.5	0.8	1.7
Hispanic or Latino	1.0	1.2	3.0	3.0	0.5	0.7	0.6	1.0	0.3	0.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	1.0	1.1	3.7	3.4	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.4	0.5
Part-Time	1.5	1.7	3.0	3.3	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.7	0.4	0.7
Unemployed	2.8	3.4	5.4	5.1	1.6	2.6	1.1^a	2.9	2.6	1.9
Other¹	1.4	1.3	3.8	3.1	1.2	1.1	2.5	2.9	0.8	0.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans in the past 12 months. Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190420

Table 8.56A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	1,388	1,442	648	647	739	795	435	521	304	274
GENDER
Male	558	578	300	270	258	307	128	191	130	116
Female	829	865	348	377	481	487	307	330	175	157
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,177	1,136	519	497	658	640	381	414	277	225
White	810	728	346	316	465	412	252	281	212	131
Black or African American	193	276	99	111	93	165	69	87	25	78
AIAN	12	16	4	12	8	4	7	4	*	*
NHOPI	*	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	*	*
Asian	76	51	35	22	40	29	15	26	*	3
Two or More Races	56	65	34	37	22	28	9	15	13	*
Hispanic or Latino	211	306	129	151	82	155	54	107	27	48
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	437	491	263	276	174	215	137	187	36	28
Part-Time	218	185	126	116	91	69	46	58	45	11
Unemployed	174	180	116	99	58	81	33	35	25	46
Other¹	559	586	143	156	416	430	219	241	197	189
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked whether they attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190420

Table 8.56B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	0.6	0.6	1.9	1.9	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.2
GENDER
Male	0.5	0.5	1.8	1.6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2
Female	0.7	0.7	2.1	2.2	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.6	0.5	2.0	1.9	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.2
White	0.5	0.5	1.9	1.7	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.2
Black or African American	0.7	0.9	2.1	2.4	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.7
AIAN	1.0	1.1	1.9	5.4	0.8	0.3	1.2	0.6	*	*
NHOPI	*	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	*
Asian	0.6	0.4	1.7	1.0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4	*	0.1
Two or More Races	1.3	1.5	3.9	5.0	0.7	0.8	0.6	1.0	0.7	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.5	0.8	1.7	2.0	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	0.4	0.4	1.8	1.9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
Part-Time	0.7	0.6	1.5	1.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.1
Unemployed	1.7	1.8	3.4	3.2	0.8	1.2	0.7	0.8	1.1	2.1
Other¹	0.7	0.7	1.9	2.1	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.4	0.4	0.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked whether they attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 8.57A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	10,642	10,744	3,555	3,709	7,087	7,035	4,292	4,657	2,795	2,379
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1,619	1,686	544	639	1,075	1,047	654	744	421	303
Midwest	2,384	2,426	823	888	1,561	1,538	1,034	1,017	526	521
South	3,898	3,685	1,249	1,263	2,649	2,423	1,539	1,631	1,110	791
West	2,741	2,947	939	920	1,802	2,027	1,064	1,264	738	763
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	5,514	5,697	1,934	1,995	3,580	3,702	2,325	2,592	1,255	1,110
Small Metro	3,406	3,516	1,116	1,207	2,290	2,309	1,314	1,509	975	800
Nonmetro	1,722	1,531	505	507	1,217	1,025	652	555	565	469
Urbanized	755	778	252	254	504	524	299	278	205	246
Less Urbanized	823	633	224	221	599	412	310	246	289	166
Completely Rural	144	121	29	32	114	89	43	31	72	58
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	2,145	2,338	834	946	1,311	1,392	849	906	462	486
100-199%	2,370	2,369	905	855	1,465	1,514	894	1,027	572	487
200% or More	6,031	5,947	1,721	1,818	4,311	4,129	2,549	2,724	1,762	1,405
EDUCATION
< High School	1,274	1,230	465	450	808	780	433	456	375	324
High School Graduate	2,626	2,837	1,130	1,164	1,496	1,673	901	937	595	736
Some College/Associate's Degree	4,238	4,150	1,591	1,680	2,647	2,470	1,705	1,746	942	725
College Graduate	2,504	2,527	369	414	2,135	2,113	1,252^a	1,518	883	594
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	5,982	5,900	2,111	2,258	3,870	3,642	2,237	2,359	1,634	1,283
Medicaid/CHIP	2,390	2,462	827	822	1,563	1,641	1,117	1,075	446	565
Other³	2,269	2,021	297	275	1,972	1,746	495	553	1,478	1,193
No Coverage	1,361	1,625	454	507	907	1,117	728^a	964	179	153
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.57B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	4.3	4.3	10.5	11.0	3.3	3.3	4.3	4.7	2.5	2.1
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	3.7	3.9	9.1	11.0	2.8	2.8	3.8	4.4	2.0	1.5
Midwest	4.6	4.7	11.3	12.4	3.5	3.5	5.1	5.0	2.2	2.1
South	4.2	3.9	9.9	10.0	3.3	3.0	4.1	4.3	2.6	1.8
West	4.7	5.0	11.6	11.4	3.6	4.0	4.3	5.1	2.9	3.0
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	4.0	4.1	10.1	10.6	3.0	3.1	3.9	4.4	2.1	1.9
Small Metro	4.7	4.8	10.6	11.4	3.7	3.7	4.7	5.2	2.9	2.3
Nonmetro	4.9	4.3	11.6	11.7	3.9	3.3	5.1	4.6	3.1	2.4
Urbanized	5.0	4.8	12.3	13.4	3.8	3.7	5.4	5.0	2.7	2.8
Less Urbanized	4.8	3.9	11.1	10.6	4.0	2.9	5.1	4.3	3.2	1.9
Completely Rural	4.6	3.6	10.8	9.5	4.0	3.0	4.2	3.4	4.0	2.8
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	6.4	6.9	10.0	11.5	5.2	5.4	5.9	6.3	4.2	4.2
100-199%	4.9	4.9	11.0	10.5	3.7	3.7	4.7	5.4	2.7	2.3
200% or More	3.7	3.6	10.3	11.0	2.9	2.8	3.8	4.1	2.2	1.7
EDUCATION
< High School	4.2	4.0	10.2	9.8	3.1	3.0	3.9	4.1	2.5	2.2
High School Graduate	4.4	4.6	11.0	11.3	3.1	3.3	4.4	4.5	2.1	2.4
Some College/Associate's Degree	5.5	5.4	11.3	12.5	4.2	3.9	5.6	5.7	2.9	2.2
College Graduate	3.2	3.2	7.2	7.7	2.9	2.9	3.3^a	4.0	2.4	1.7
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	3.6	3.6	10.2	11.1	2.7	2.5	3.4	3.5	2.1	1.7
Medicaid/CHIP	6.7	6.8	11.3	11.5	5.5	5.6	6.9	6.8	3.7	4.2
Other³	3.4	3.0	11.9	10.8	3.1	2.7	6.5	7.2	2.6	2.1
No Coverage	5.9	6.7	9.9	10.7	4.9	5.7	5.3	6.8	3.6	2.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.58A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL	10,642	10,744	3,195	3,312	1,388	1,442
AGE GROUP
18-25	3,555	3,709	1,266	1,160	648	647
26 or Older	7,087	7,035	1,930	2,153	739	795
26-49	4,292	4,657	1,230	1,450	435	521
50 or Older	2,795	2,379	700	702	304	274
GENDER
Male	4,814	4,885	1,416	1,528	558	578
Female	5,827	5,859	1,779	1,784	829	865
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9,341	9,248	2,809	2,846	1,177	1,136
White	7,284	7,206	2,121	2,094	810	728
Black or African American	1,097	1,199	326	468	193	276
AIAN	63	87	35	26	12	16
NHOPI	74	33	*	11	*	2
Asian	454	405	192	117	76	51
Two or More Races	369	319	104	131	56	65
Hispanic or Latino	1,300	1,496	387	466	211	306
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	5,982	5,900	1,637	1,604	596	556
Medicaid/CHIP	2,390	2,462	862	950	492	551
Other³	2,269	2,021	685	591	276	225
No Coverage	1,361	1,625	408^a	607	235	291
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4,676	4,687	1,272	1,336	437	491
Part-Time	1,705	1,878	479	558	218	185
Unemployed	845	923	297	333	174	180
Other⁴	3,417	3,256	1,147	1,086	559	586
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.58B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL	4.3	4.3	1.3	1.3	0.6	0.6
AGE GROUP
18-25	10.5	11.0	3.7	3.4	1.9	1.9
26 or Older	3.3	3.3	0.9	1.0	0.3	0.4
26-49	4.3	4.7	1.2	1.4	0.4	0.5
50 or Older	2.5	2.1	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.2
GENDER
Male	4.1	4.1	1.2	1.3	0.5	0.5
Female	4.6	4.6	1.4	1.4	0.7	0.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.5	4.5	1.4	1.4	0.6	0.5
White	4.6	4.6	1.4	1.3	0.5	0.5
Black or African American	3.8	4.1	1.1	1.6	0.7	0.9
AIAN	5.0	5.8	2.7	1.7	1.0	1.1
NHOPI	7.7	3.6	*	1.2	*	0.2
Asian	3.3	2.9	1.4	0.8	0.6	0.4
Two or More Races	8.9	7.4	2.5	3.0	1.3	1.5
Hispanic or Latino	3.3	3.7	1.0	1.2	0.5	0.8
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	3.6	3.6	1.0	1.0	0.4	0.3
Medicaid/CHIP	6.7	6.8	2.4	2.6	1.4	1.5
Other³	3.4	3.0	1.0	0.9	0.4	0.3
No Coverage	5.9	6.7	1.8^a	2.5	1.0	1.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	3.8	3.8	1.0	1.1	0.4	0.4
Part-Time	5.3	5.9	1.5	1.7	0.7	0.6
Unemployed	8.0	9.3	2.8	3.4	1.7	1.8
Other⁴	4.2	4.0	1.4	1.3	0.7	0.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.59A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt, or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Attempted Suicide (2017)	Attempted Suicide (2018)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2017)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2018)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2017)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2018)
TOTAL	1,388	1,442	768	717	547	443
AGE GROUP
18-25	648	647	280	266	192	160
26 or Older	739	795	488	451	354	282
26-49	435	521	263	247	164	146
50 or Older	304	274	*	*	*	*
GENDER
Male	558	578	317	293	225	188
Female	829	865	450	424	322	254
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,177	1,136	677	570	490^a	315
White	810	728	473	357	337^a	213
Black or African American	193	276	*	*	*	*
AIAN	12	16	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	*	2	*	*	*	*
Asian	76	51	*	*	*	*
Two or More Races	56	65	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	211	306	*	*	*	*
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	596	556	342	292	221	153
Medicaid/CHIP	492	551	303	313	*	*
Other²	276	225	*	*	*	*
No Coverage	235	291	*	*	*	*
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	437	491	228	215	164	105
Part-Time	218	185	*	*	*	*
Unemployed	174	180	*	*	*	*
Other³	559	586	351	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked whether they attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.59B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt, or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Attempted Suicide (2017)	Attempted Suicide (2018)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2017)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2018)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2017)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among Persons Who Attempted Suicide (2018)
TOTAL	0.6	0.6	55.3	49.8	39.4	30.7
AGE GROUP
18-25	1.9	1.9	43.1	41.1	29.7	24.8
26 or Older	0.3	0.4	66.0	56.8	47.9	35.5
26-49	0.4	0.5	60.5	47.4	37.6	28.1
50 or Older	0.3	0.2	*	*	*	*
GENDER
Male	0.5	0.5	56.9	50.7	40.4	32.6
Female	0.7	0.7	54.3	49.2	38.8	29.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.6	0.5	57.6	50.2	41.7^a	27.7
White	0.5	0.5	58.3	49.1	41.6^a	29.2
Black or African American	0.7	0.9	*	*	*	*
AIAN	1.0	1.1	*	*	*	*
NHOPI	*	0.2	*	*	*	*
Asian	0.6	0.4	*	*	*	*
Two or More Races	1.3	1.5	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.5	0.8	*	*	*	*
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	0.4	0.3	57.5	52.7	37.1	27.6
Medicaid/CHIP	1.4	1.5	61.5	57.1	*	*
Other²	0.4	0.3	*	*	*	*
No Coverage	1.0	1.2	*	*	*	*
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	0.4	0.4	52.1	43.7	37.7^a	21.3
Part-Time	0.7	0.6	*	*	*	*
Unemployed	1.7	1.8	*	*	*	*
Other³	0.7	0.7	62.8	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked whether they attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.60A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Type of Illicit Drug Use in Past Year and Alcohol Use in Past Year and Past Month: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL	10,642	10,744	3,195	3,312	1,388	1,442
ILLICIT DRUGS	4,934	5,437	1,712	1,796	788	871
Marijuana	3,748^a	4,400	1,283	1,418	619	723
Cocaine	894	1,001	320	367	197	198
Crack	223	194	70	96	53	58
Heroin	229	227	74	90	33	54
Hallucinogens	834^a	1,033	335	357	193	178
LSD	410	527	166	193	83	95
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	407	449	168	157	98	84
Inhalants	222	258	74	84	54	42
Methamphetamine	361	479	168	238	114	139
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	2,456	2,570	871	883	430	420
Pain Relievers	1,612	1,543	618	578	303	272
Stimulants	855	896	321	302	137	129
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,158	1,257	416	455	226	239
Tranquilizers	1,009	1,133	361	430	214	233
Sedatives	310	235	138	83	74	49
Benzodiazepines	981	1,083	354	412	212	225
Opioids	1,695	1,625	647	622	303	304
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana²	3,122	3,328	1,174	1,129	573	557
PAST YEAR ALCOHOL	8,170	8,413	2,402	2,512	953	1,063
PAST YEAR ALCOHOL OR ILLICIT DRUGS	8,829	8,955	2,664	2,741	1,098	1,155
PAST YEAR ALCOHOL AND ILLICIT DRUGS	4,275^a	4,895	1,451	1,567	644	779
PAST MONTH ALCOHOL	6,314	6,375	1,886	1,917	737	810
Binge Alcohol Use³	3,724	3,697	1,162	1,141	514	553
Heavy Alcohol Use	1,275	1,349	383	461	191	234
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ³ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190419

Table 8.60B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Type of Illicit Drug Use in Past Year and Alcohol Use in Past Year and Past Month: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL	4.3	4.3	1.3	1.3	0.6	0.6
ILLICIT DRUGS	10.4	11.2	3.6	3.7	1.7	1.8
Marijuana	10.0	11.0	3.4	3.5	1.6	1.8
Cocaine	15.5	18.8	5.5	6.9	3.4	3.7
Crack	24.9	26.4	7.8	13.1	5.9	8.0
Heroin	26.7	29.0	8.6	11.5	3.9	6.9
Hallucinogens	18.2	20.0	7.3	6.9	4.2	3.4
LSD	20.8	25.0	8.4	9.1	4.2	4.5
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	17.7	18.9	7.3	6.6	4.3	3.6
Inhalants	18.9	19.4	6.3	6.3	4.6	3.2
Methamphetamine	23.4	26.7	10.9	13.2	7.4	7.7
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	14.7	16.6	5.2	5.7	2.6	2.7
Pain Relievers	15.8	16.9	6.0	6.4	3.0	3.0
Stimulants	16.0	19.0	6.0	6.4	2.6	2.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	18.6	21.3	6.7	7.7	3.6	4.0
Tranquilizers	18.5	21.5	6.6	8.2	3.9	4.4
Sedatives	24.5	23.8	10.9	8.4	5.9	5.0
Benzodiazepines	18.8	21.6	6.8	8.2	4.1	4.5
Opioids	16.1	17.3	6.1	6.6	2.9	3.2
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana²	14.0	15.7	5.3	5.3	2.6	2.6
PAST YEAR ALCOHOL	4.7	4.9	1.4	1.5	0.6	0.6
PAST YEAR ALCOHOL OR ILLICIT DRUGS	5.0	5.0	1.5	1.5	0.6	0.6
PAST YEAR ALCOHOL AND ILLICIT DRUGS	10.2^a	11.2	3.5	3.6	1.5	1.8
PAST MONTH ALCOHOL	4.6	4.7	1.4	1.4	0.5	0.6
Binge Alcohol Use³	5.7	5.6	1.8	1.7	0.8	0.8
Heavy Alcohol Use	7.7	8.3	2.3	2.8	1.2	1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ³ Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.61A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Substance Use Disorder Status and Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2017)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	10,642	10,744	234,970^a	236,519	3,195	3,312	242,409^a	243,903	1,388	1,442	244,222^a	245,801
ILLICIT DRUGS	1,528	1,800	5,196	5,535	574	725	6,151	6,604	338	368	6,386	6,965
Marijuana	728	831	2,746	3,037	237	326	3,238	3,541	143	160	3,331	3,705
Cocaine	259	359	668	606	124	141	804	824	73	67	854	897
Heroin	148	*	493	*	35	80	605	437	22	45	619	473
Hallucinogens	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	243	325	668	699	96	175	815	847	76	85	835	939
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	685	684	1,623	1,662	260	277	2,048	2,070	152	165	2,155	2,179
Pain Relievers	447	393	1,122	1,176	179	172	1,390	1,398	106	118	1,463	1,450
Stimulants	163	187	337	319	54	84	446	421	43	31	457	475
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	263	253	471	424	132	126	603	552	94	72	640	605
Tranquilizers	233	234	422	373	126	111	528	496	88	61	566	547
Sedatives	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	530	495	1,461	1,400	205	229	1,786	1,666	122	142	1,870	1,751
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana²	1,049	1,207	2,924	2,917	419	507	3,553	3,610	252	276	3,720	3,845
ALCOHOL	1,925	2,034	12,086	12,292	617	763	13,387	13,559	340	359	13,671	13,964
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	592	733	1,536	1,727	250	337	1,878	2,121	161	184	1,967	2,276
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	2,861	3,102	15,746	16,100	941^a	1,151	17,660	18,041	517	542	18,090	18,653
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	936	1,067	3,661	3,808	324	388	4,273	4,482	177	184	4,419	4,689
ALCOHOL ONLY	1,333	1,302	10,550	10,565	367	426	11,509	11,437	179	175	11,704	11,688
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	7,780	7,642	219,224	220,419	2,255	2,161	224,749	225,862	870	900	226,132	227,148
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.61B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Substance Use Disorder Status and Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2017)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	4.3	4.3	95.7	95.7	1.3	1.3	98.7	98.7	0.6	0.6	99.4	99.4
ILLICIT DRUGS	22.7	24.5	77.3	75.5	8.5	9.9	91.5	90.1	5.0	5.0	95.0	95.0
Marijuana	21.0	21.5	79.0	78.5	6.8	8.4	93.2	91.6	4.1	4.1	95.9	95.9
Cocaine	28.0	37.2	72.0	62.8	13.4	14.6	86.6	85.4	7.9	7.0	92.1	93.0
Heroin	23.0	*	77.0	*	5.4^a	15.5	94.6^a	84.5	3.4	8.7	96.6	91.3
Hallucinogens	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	26.7	31.7	73.3	68.3	10.6	17.1	89.4	82.9	8.3	8.3	91.7	91.7
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	29.7	29.2	70.3	70.8	11.3	11.8	88.7	88.2	6.6	7.1	93.4	92.9
Pain Relievers	28.5	25.1	71.5	74.9	11.4	10.9	88.6	89.1	6.7	7.5	93.3	92.5
Stimulants	32.7	36.9	67.3	63.1	10.7	16.7	89.3	83.3	8.6	6.0	91.4	94.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	35.8	37.4	64.2	62.6	18.0	18.5	82.0	81.5	12.8	10.7	87.2	89.3
Tranquilizers	35.6	38.5	64.4	61.5	19.3	18.3	80.7	81.7	13.5	10.0	86.5	90.0
Sedatives	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	26.6	26.1	73.4	73.9	10.3	12.1	89.7	87.9	6.1	7.5	93.9	92.5
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana²	26.4	29.3	73.6	70.7	10.6	12.3	89.4	87.7	6.3	6.7	93.7	93.3
ALCOHOL	13.7	14.2	86.3	85.8	4.4	5.3	95.6	94.7	2.4	2.5	97.6	97.5
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	27.8	29.8	72.2	70.2	11.7	13.7	88.3	86.3	7.6	7.5	92.4	92.5
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	15.4	16.2	84.6	83.8	5.1	6.0	94.9	94.0	2.8	2.8	97.2	97.2
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	20.4	21.9	79.6	78.1	7.0	8.0	93.0	92.0	3.9	3.8	96.1	96.2
ALCOHOL ONLY	11.2	11.0	88.8	89.0	3.1	3.6	96.9	96.4	1.5	1.5	98.5	98.5
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	3.4	3.4	96.6	96.6	1.0	0.9	99.0	99.1	0.4	0.4	99.6	99.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.62A – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Suicide Behavior: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2017)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	10,642	10,744	234,970	236,519	3,195	3,312	242,409	243,903	1,388	1,442	244,222	245,801
ILLICIT DRUGS	1,528	1,800	5,196	5,535	574	725	6,151	6,604	338	368	6,386	6,965
Marijuana	728	831	2,746	3,037	237	326	3,238	3,541	143	160	3,331	3,705
Cocaine	259	359	668	606	124	141	804	824	73	67	854	897
Heroin	148	168	493	349	35	80	605	437	22	45	619	473
Hallucinogens	100	102	155	131	68	47	187	182	53	39	203	193
Inhalants	31	20	37	75	25	7	43	88	22	12	46	83
Methamphetamine	243	325	668	699	96	175	815	847	76	85	835	939
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	685	684	1,623	1,662	260	277	2,048	2,070	152	165	2,155	2,179
Pain Relievers	447	393	1,122	1,176	179	172	1,390	1,398	106	118	1,463	1,450
Stimulants	163	187	337	319	54	84	446	421	43	31	457	475
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	263	253	471	424	132	126	603	552	94	72	640	605
Tranquilizers	233	234	422	373	126	111	528	496	88	61	566	547
Sedatives	74	40	112	58	46	31	140	67	43	28	144	70
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	530	495	1,461	1,400	205	229	1,786	1,666	122	142	1,870	1,751
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana²	1,049	1,207	2,924	2,917	419	507	3,553	3,610	252	276	3,720	3,845
ALCOHOL	1,925	2,034	12,086	12,292	617	763	13,387	13,559	340	359	13,671	13,964
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	592	733	1,536	1,727	250	337	1,878	2,121	161	184	1,967	2,276
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	2,861	3,102	15,746	16,100	941^a	1,151	17,660	18,041	517	542	18,090	18,653
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	936	1,067	3,661	3,808	324	388	4,273	4,482	177	184	4,419	4,689
ALCOHOL ONLY	1,333	1,302	10,550	10,565	367	426	11,509	11,437	179	175	11,704	11,688
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	7,780	7,642	219,224	220,419	2,255	2,161	224,749	225,862	870	900	226,132	227,148
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.62B – Substance Use Disorder Status and Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Suicide Behavior: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Use Disorder Status	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2017)	Did Not Attempt Suicide¹ (2018)
TOTAL POPULATION	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ILLICIT DRUGS	14.4^a	16.8	2.2	2.3	18.0	21.9	2.5	2.7	24.4	25.5	2.6	2.8
Marijuana	6.8	7.7	1.2	1.3	7.4	9.8	1.3	1.5	10.3	11.1	1.4	1.5
Cocaine	2.4	3.3	0.3	0.3	3.9	4.2	0.3	0.3	5.3	4.7	0.3	0.4
Heroin	1.4	1.6	0.2	0.1	1.1	2.4	0.2	0.2	1.6	3.1	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.9	0.9	0.1	0.1	2.1	1.4	0.1	0.1	3.8	2.7	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.8	0.0	0.0
Methamphetamine	2.3	3.0	0.3	0.3	3.0	5.3	0.3	0.3	5.5	5.9	0.3	0.4
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	6.4	6.4	0.7	0.7	8.1	8.4	0.8	0.8	11.0	11.5	0.9	0.9
Pain Relievers	4.2	3.7	0.5	0.5	5.6	5.2	0.6	0.6	7.6	8.2	0.6	0.6
Stimulants	1.5	1.7	0.1	0.1	1.7	2.6	0.2	0.2	3.1	2.1	0.2	0.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.5	2.4	0.2	0.2	4.1	3.8	0.2	0.2	6.8	5.0	0.3	0.2
Tranquilizers	2.2	2.2	0.2	0.2	4.0	3.4	0.2	0.2	6.4	4.2	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	0.7	0.4	0.0	0.0	1.5	0.9	0.1	0.0	3.1	1.9	0.1	0.0
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	5.0	4.6	0.6	0.6	6.4	6.9	0.7	0.7	8.8	9.8	0.8	0.7
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana²	9.9	11.2	1.2	1.2	13.1	15.3	1.5	1.5	18.2	19.1	1.5	1.6
ALCOHOL	18.1	18.9	5.1	5.2	19.3	23.0	5.5	5.6	24.5	24.9	5.6	5.7
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	5.6	6.8	0.7	0.7	7.8	10.2	0.8	0.9	11.6	12.7	0.8	0.9
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL	26.9	28.9	6.7	6.8	29.4	34.8	7.3	7.4	37.3	37.6	7.4	7.6
ILLICIT DRUGS ONLY	8.8	9.9	1.6	1.6	10.1	11.7	1.8	1.8	12.8	12.7	1.8	1.9
ALCOHOL ONLY	12.5	12.1	4.5	4.5	11.5	12.9	4.7	4.7	12.9	12.1	4.8	4.8
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	73.1	71.1	93.3	93.2	70.6	65.2	92.7	92.6	62.7	62.4	92.6	92.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190423

Table 8.63A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	On Probation (2017)	On Probation (2018)	Not on Probation (2017)	Not on Probation (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	10,642	10,744	428	434	10,208	10,299
AGE GROUP
18-49	7,846	8,366	367	385	7,474	7,970
18-25	3,555	3,709	135	148	3,414	3,554
26-34	2,097^a	2,449	133	89	1,963^a	2,361
35-49	2,195	2,207	98	148	2,097	2,054
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	4,814	4,885	249	225	4,564	4,652
Male 18-49	3,448^a	3,868	224	215	3,224^a	3,645
Female 18 or Older	5,827	5,859	179	208	5,644	5,648
Female 18-49	4,398	4,498	143	170	4,250	4,325
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190423

Table 8.63B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	On Probation (2017)	On Probation (2018)	Not on Probation (2017)	Not on Probation (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	4.3	4.3	11.7	11.7	4.2	4.2
AGE GROUP
18-49	5.9	6.3	12.1	13.0	5.7	6.1
18-25	10.5	11.0	14.5	16.6	10.4	10.9
26-34	5.3^a	6.2	12.7	8.9	5.1^a	6.1
35-49	3.6	3.7	9.2	13.9	3.5	3.5
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	4.1	4.1	10.0	8.8	3.9	4.0
Male 18-49	5.2^a	5.8	10.9	10.6	5.0^a	5.7
Female 18 or Older	4.6	4.6	15.2	18.4	4.5	4.5
Female 18-49	6.5	6.7	14.4	18.4	6.4	6.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190423

Table 8.64A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	On Parole/Supervised Release (2017)	On Parole/Supervised Release (2018)	Not on Parole/Supervised Release (2017)	Not on Parole/Supervised Release (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	10,642	10,744	163	177	10,473	10,563
AGE GROUP
18-49	7,846	8,366	131	149	7,710	8,213
18-25	3,555	3,709	36	*	3,513	3,656
26-34	2,097^a	2,449	*	31	2,042^a	2,419
35-49	2,195	2,207	40	69	2,155	2,138
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	4,814	4,885	123	110	4,690	4,774
Male 18-49	3,448^a	3,868	95	97	3,352^a	3,770
Female 18 or Older	5,827	5,859	39	*	5,783	5,789
Female 18-49	4,398	4,498	35	*	4,358	4,443
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year parole/supervised release status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190423

Table 8.64B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	On Parole/Supervised Release (2017)	On Parole/Supervised Release (2018)	Not on Parole/Supervised Release (2017)	Not on Parole/Supervised Release (2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	4.3	4.3	12.9	11.8	4.3	4.3
AGE GROUP
18-49	5.9	6.3	12.5	13.1	5.8	6.2
18-25	10.5	11.0	12.5	*	10.4	10.9
26-34	5.3^a	6.2	*	8.7	5.2^a	6.2
35-49	3.6	3.7	9.8	13.0	3.6	3.6
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	4.1	4.1	12.9	9.6	4.0	4.0
Male 18-49	5.2^a	5.8	12.8	11.3	5.1^a	5.8
Female 18 or Older	4.6	4.6	12.8	*	4.6	4.5
Female 18-49	6.5	6.7	11.8	*	6.5	6.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year parole/supervised release status. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.65A – Suicide Behavior and Treatment, Level of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	Full-Time College Students (2017)	Full-Time College Students (2018)	Other Persons Aged 18-22² (2017)	Other Persons Aged 18-22² (2018)
SUICIDE BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT³
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	2,494	2,503	762	814	1,719	1,654
Made Any Suicide Plans⁴	961^a	807	245	203	710	593
Attempted Suicide⁴	485	478	102	92	378	368
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt	206	202	49	60	155	135
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt	139	109	14	32	124^a	69
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS⁵
Any Mental Illness	5,435	5,556	1,932	2,119	3,480	3,398
Serious Mental Illness	1,625	1,608	580	562	1,039	1,023
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	3,810	3,948	1,352	1,557	2,441	2,375
No Mental Illness	15,759	15,954	5,675	5,647	9,923	10,094
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE⁶	2,831	3,004	1,067	1,163	1,759	1,823
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES⁷
Inpatient	366	375	52	78	306	278
Outpatient	1,919	1,984	824	914	1,094	1,056
Prescription Medication	2,327	2,333	919	952	1,404	1,359
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ⁵ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ⁶ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ⁷ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.65B – Suicide Behavior and Treatment, Level of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Services in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	Full-Time College Students (2017)	Full-Time College Students (2018)	Other Persons Aged 18-22² (2017)	Other Persons Aged 18-22² (2018)
SUICIDE BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT³
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	11.9	11.8	10.0	10.5	12.9	12.4
Made Any Suicide Plans⁴	4.6^a	3.8	3.2	2.6	5.3	4.4
Attempted Suicide⁴	2.3	2.2	1.3	1.2	2.8	2.7
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.8	1.2	1.0
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.9^a	0.5
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS⁵
Any Mental Illness	25.6	25.8	25.4	27.3	26.0	25.2
Serious Mental Illness	7.7	7.5	7.6	7.2	7.8	7.6
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	18.0	18.4	17.8	20.1	18.2	17.6
No Mental Illness	74.4	74.2	74.6	72.7	74.0	74.8
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE⁶	13.5	14.2	14.1	15.1	13.3	13.7
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES⁷
Inpatient	1.7	1.8	0.7	1.0	2.3	2.1
Outpatient	9.1	9.3	10.9	11.8	8.2	7.9
Prescription Medication	11.1	10.9	12.1	12.3	10.5	10.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ⁵ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ⁶ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ⁷ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.66A – Suicide Behavior and Treatment, Level of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Services in Past Year among Males Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	Full-Time Male College Students (2017)	Full-Time Male College Students (2018)	Other Males Aged 18-22² (2017)	Other Males Aged 18-22² (2018)
SUICIDE BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT³
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	1,020	1,068	260	331	757	725
Made Any Suicide Plans⁴	375	309	64	67	311	240
Attempted Suicide⁴	204	192	42	30	160	153
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt	82	87	23	23	60	62
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt	60	48	7	11	53	34
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS⁵
Any Mental Illness	2,143	2,171	700	775	1,433	1,381
Serious Mental Illness	543	539	173	171	367	360
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	1,601	1,632	527	604	1,066	1,021
No Mental Illness	8,783	8,897	2,906	2,957	5,775	5,808
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE⁶	1,043	1,075	381	381	659	682
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES⁷
Inpatient	128	165	10	29	110	126
Outpatient	624	630	275	282	349	345
Prescription Medication	843	776	315	279	523	492
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Males include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ⁵ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ⁶ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ⁷ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.66B – Suicide Behavior and Treatment, Level of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Services in Past Year among Males Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	Full-Time Male College Students (2017)	Full-Time Male College Students (2018)	Other Males Aged 18-22² (2017)	Other Males Aged 18-22² (2018)
SUICIDE BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT³
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	9.4	9.8	7.2	8.9	10.6	10.2
Made Any Suicide Plans⁴	3.5	2.8	1.8	1.8	4.3	3.4
Attempted Suicide⁴	1.9	1.8	1.2	0.8	2.2	2.2
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.9
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.7	0.5
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS⁵
Any Mental Illness	19.6	19.6	19.4	20.8	19.9	19.2
Serious Mental Illness	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.6	5.1	5.0
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	14.6	14.7	14.6	16.2	14.8	14.2
No Mental Illness	80.4	80.4	80.6	79.2	80.1	80.8
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE⁶	9.7	9.9	10.6	10.3	9.3	9.6
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES⁷
Inpatient	1.2	1.5	0.3	0.8	1.5	1.8
Outpatient	5.8	5.8	7.6	7.6	4.9	4.8
Prescription Medication	7.8	7.1	8.8	7.5	7.3	6.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Males include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ⁵ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ⁶ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ⁷ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.67A – Suicide Behavior and Treatment, Level of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Services in Past Year among Females Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	Full-Time Female College Students (2017)	Full-Time Female College Students (2018)	Other Females Aged 18-22² (2017)	Other Females Aged 18-22² (2018)
SUICIDE BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT³
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	1,475	1,435	501	483	962	929
Made Any Suicide Plans⁴	586	498	181	136	399	353
Attempted Suicide⁴	280	286	60	63	218	214
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt	124	115	27	38	96	73
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt	79	61	7	21	71	35
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS⁵
Any Mental Illness	3,292	3,385	1,232	1,344	2,047	2,017
Serious Mental Illness	1,082	1,069	407	391	672	663
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	2,209	2,316	826	953	1,375	1,354
No Mental Illness	6,976	7,057	2,768	2,690	4,148	4,286
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE⁶	1,788	1,929	686	781	1,099	1,141
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES⁷
Inpatient	238	210	41	49	197	151
Outpatient	1,295	1,354	549	632	745	711
Prescription Medication	1,484	1,557	604	673	880	867
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Females include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ⁵ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ⁶ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ⁷ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.67B – Suicide Behavior and Treatment, Level of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Services in Past Year among Females Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Total¹ (2017)	Total¹ (2018)	Full-Time Female College Students (2017)	Full-Time Female College Students (2018)	Other Females Aged 18-22² (2017)	Other Females Aged 18-22² (2018)
SUICIDE BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT³
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	14.5	13.9	12.6	12.0	15.7	14.8
Made Any Suicide Plans⁴	5.8	4.8	4.5	3.4	6.5	5.6
Attempted Suicide⁴	2.8	2.8	1.5	1.6	3.6	3.4
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt	1.2	1.1	0.7	0.9	1.6	1.2
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt	0.8	0.6	0.2	0.5	1.2^a	0.6
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS⁵
Any Mental Illness	32.1	32.4	30.8	33.3	33.0	32.0
Serious Mental Illness	10.5	10.2	10.2	9.7	10.8	10.5
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	21.5	22.2	20.6	23.6	22.2	21.5
No Mental Illness	67.9	67.6	69.2	66.7	67.0	68.0
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE⁶	17.7	18.8	17.2	19.5	18.0	18.4
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES⁷
Inpatient	2.3	2.0	1.0	1.2	3.2	2.4
Outpatient	12.7	13.1	13.8	15.7	12.1	11.3
Prescription Medication	14.5	15.0	15.1	16.7	14.3	13.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status. ² Other Females include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ³ Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ⁴ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ⁵ Mental Illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to persons with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic status. ⁶ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ⁷ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.68A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Major Depressive Episode Status, Past Year Receipt of Mental Health Services Status, Past Year Substance Use Disorder Status, Past Year Serious Psychological Distress Status, and Past Year Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)
Major Depressive Episode²	5,385	5,666	1,943	2,074	758	818
No Major Depressive Episode²	5,175	4,967	1,233	1,182	613	601
Mental Health Services³	5,225	5,166	1,785	1,883	746	856
No Mental Health Services³	5,387	5,547	1,406	1,413	635	572
Substance Use Disorder	2,861	3,102	941^a	1,151	517	542
Alcohol Use Disorder	1,925	2,034	617	763	340	359
Illicit Drug Use Disorder	1,528	1,800	574	725	338	368
No Substance Use Disorder	7,780	7,642	2,255	2,161	870	900
Serious Psychological Distress	7,118	7,356	2,412	2,604	1,042	1,083
No Serious Psychological Distress	3,524	3,388	784	708	345	359
Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	426	445	217	228	130	118
No Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	10,215	10,300	2,978	3,085	1,257	1,324
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Specialty treatment facilities include hospitals (inpatient only), rehabilitation facilities (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health centers. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.68B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, or Attempted Suicide in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Major Depressive Episode Status, Past Year Receipt of Mental Health Services Status, Past Year Substance Use Disorder Status, Past Year Serious Psychological Distress Status, and Past Year Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2017)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2018)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2017)	Made Any Suicide Plans¹ (2018)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2017)	Attempted Suicide¹ (2018)
Major Depressive Episode²	31.3	32.0	11.3	11.7	4.4	4.6
No Major Depressive Episode²	2.3	2.2	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.3
Mental Health Services³	14.5	14.0	4.9	5.1	2.1	2.3
No Mental Health Services³	2.6	2.6	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.3
Substance Use Disorder	15.4	16.2	5.1	6.0	2.8	2.8
Alcohol Use Disorder	13.7	14.2	4.4	5.3	2.4	2.5
Illicit Drug Use Disorder	22.7	24.5	8.5	9.9	5.0	5.0
No Substance Use Disorder	3.4	3.4	1.0	0.9	0.4	0.4
Serious Psychological Distress	26.0	25.8	8.8	9.1	3.8	3.8
No Serious Psychological Distress	1.6	1.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	17.8	20.2	9.1	10.4	5.4	5.4
No Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	4.2	4.2	1.2	1.3	0.5	0.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they made any suicide plans or attempted suicide in the past 12 months only if they had serious thoughts of suicide in the past 12 months. Respondents who had no suicide thoughts were categorized as not making any suicide plans and not attempting suicide in the past 12 months. ² Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ³ Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ⁴ Specialty treatment facilities include hospitals (inpatient only), rehabilitation facilities (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health centers. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.69A – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Services and Perceived Need, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	2017	2018
Major Depressive Episode¹	5,385	5,666
No Major Depressive Episode¹	5,175	4,967
Mental Health Services²	5,225	5,166
No Mental Health Services²	5,387	5,547
Perceived Need³	1,460	1,700
No Perceived Need³	3,927	3,836
Substance Use Disorder	2,861	3,102
Alcohol Use Disorder	1,925	2,034
Illicit Drug Use Disorder	1,528	1,800
No Substance Use Disorder	7,780	7,642
Serious Psychological Distress	7,118	7,356
No Serious Psychological Distress	3,524	3,388
Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	426	445
No Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	10,215	10,300
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ⁴ Specialty treatment facilities include hospitals (inpatient only), rehabilitation facilities (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health centers. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190416

Table 8.69B – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Services and Perceived Need, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	2017	2018
Major Depressive Episode¹	51.0	53.3
No Major Depressive Episode¹	49.0	46.7
Mental Health Services²	49.2	48.2
No Mental Health Services²	50.8	51.8
Perceived Need³	13.8	15.9
No Perceived Need³	37.0	35.9
Substance Use Disorder	26.9	28.9
Alcohol Use Disorder	18.1	18.9
Illicit Drug Use Disorder	14.4^a	16.8
No Substance Use Disorder	73.1	71.1
Serious Psychological Distress	66.9	68.5
No Serious Psychological Distress	33.1	31.5
Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	4.0	4.1
No Substance Use Treatment at a Specialty Facility⁴	96.0	95.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown suicide information were excluded. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown past year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) data were excluded. ² Mental Health Services for adults includes inpatient treatment/counseling, outpatient treatment/counseling, or use of prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents with unknown mental health service information were excluded. ³ Perception of unmet need was asked of all respondents regardless of their mental health. Respondents with unknown perception of unmet need information were excluded. ⁴ Specialty treatment facilities include hospitals (inpatient only), rehabilitation facilities (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health centers. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190412

Table 8.70A – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	14,163	15,001	4,564	4,704	9,599	10,297	6,308	6,617	3,291	3,680
GENDER
Male	5,722	6,076	1,754	1,792	3,968	4,284	2,583	2,850	1,385	1,434
Female	8,441	8,925	2,810	2,912	5,631	6,013	3,725	3,767	1,906	2,246
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12,066	12,416	3,677	3,693	8,389	8,723	5,420	5,478	2,970	3,244
White	9,104	9,470	2,624	2,646	6,480	6,824	4,027	4,211	2,453	2,613
Black or African American	1,830	1,809	610	612	1,220	1,197	906	778	314	419
AIAN	88	132	28	29	60	103	56	58	4	*
NHOPI	52	93	*	*	43	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	589	575	263	258	326	317	263	259	64	*
Two or More Races	403	336	144	118	259	219	136	137	123	81
Hispanic or Latino	2,097^a	2,585	888	1,011	1,209^a	1,574	888^a	1,138	321	436
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	6,811	7,060	2,493	2,575	4,318	4,485	2,885	2,893	1,433	1,591
Medicaid/CHIP	4,312	4,540	1,287	1,241	3,025	3,299	2,042	2,147	984	1,152
Other²	2,971	3,067	383	347	2,588	2,720	803	928	1,785	1,792
No Coverage	1,965^a	2,352	610^a	737	1,355	1,615	1,092	1,259	263	356
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	5,263^a	5,900	1,649	1,806	3,614	4,094	2,995	3,124	619^a	971
Part-Time	2,393	2,351	1,270	1,247	1,123	1,104	825	889	297	214
Unemployed	1,381	1,481	655	623	726	859	589	649	137	210
Other³	5,127	5,269	991	1,028	4,136	4,240	1,898	1,955	2,238	2,285
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

190412

Table 8.70B – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2017)	Aged 18+ (2018)	Aged 18-25 (2017)	Aged 18-25 (2018)	Aged 26+ (2017)	Aged 26+ (2018)	Aged 26-49 (2017)	Aged 26-49 (2018)	Aged 50+ (2017)	Aged 50+ (2018)
TOTAL	5.7	6.0	13.3	13.8	4.5	4.8	6.3	6.6	2.9	3.2
GENDER
Male	4.8	5.1	10.2	10.5	3.9	4.2	5.2	5.7	2.6	2.7
Female	6.6	6.9	16.5	17.2	5.1	5.4	7.3	7.4	3.2	3.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.8	6.0	13.8	14.0	4.6	4.8	6.8	6.8	3.0	3.2
White	5.8	6.0	14.2	14.5	4.7	4.9	7.0	7.3	3.0	3.2
Black or African American	6.2	6.1	12.6	12.9	5.0	4.8	7.1	6.1	2.6	3.5
AIAN	6.8	8.8	12.9	13.2	5.6	8.0	9.6	9.4	0.8	*
NHOPI	5.2	9.9	*	*	5.0	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	4.3	4.1	12.3	11.4	2.8	2.7	3.7	3.5	1.4	*
Two or More Races	9.6	7.8	16.6	15.6	7.8	6.1	9.0	9.3	6.8	3.9
Hispanic or Latino	5.3^a	6.4	11.7	13.3	3.8	4.8	4.4	5.6	2.7	3.5
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	4.1	4.3	12.0	12.6	3.0	3.1	4.3	4.3	1.8	2.0
Medicaid/CHIP	11.9	12.3	17.3	17.1	10.5	11.2	12.4	13.4	8.0	8.5
Other²	4.4	4.5	15.1	13.5	4.0	4.1	10.5	11.9	3.1	3.1
No Coverage	8.4	9.6	13.1	15.3	7.2	8.2	7.9	8.8	5.3	6.6
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	4.3^a	4.8	11.4	12.4	3.3	3.8	4.4	4.6	1.5^a	2.4
Part-Time	7.4	7.3	14.7	14.4	4.8	4.7	7.5	8.2	2.4	1.7
Unemployed	13.0	14.8	18.8	20.1	10.2	12.4	12.4	13.9	5.7	9.5
Other³	6.3	6.4	12.7	13.3	5.6	5.6	11.0	11.3	4.0	3.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.