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200406
Table 6.1A – Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Underage and Legal Drinking Age Groups: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Drug AGE GROUP UNDERAGE AND LEGAL DRINKING
AGE GROUP
Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)		 Aged 12-20
(2018)		 Aged 12-20
(2019)		 Aged 21+
(2018)		 Aged 21+
(2019)
Marijuana 10,503a 11,886 343 432 10,160a 11,454 3,068 3,178 7,093a 8,276 1,404 1,441 9,099a 10,445
Cocaine (Including Crack) 553 583 3 7 550 575 125 141 425 435 34 36 519 547
Heroin 81 98 3 * 79 98 7 3 72 94 4 * 77 98
Hallucinogens 135 146 5 3 130 143 72 34 58 109 21 12 114 134
Inhalants 34 45 4 7 30 38 9 13 21 25 5 7 28 38
Methamphetamine 265 372 1 1 265 372 16 10 248 362 1 7 265 366
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate multiple other drugs used with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200406
Table 6.1B – Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Underage and Legal Drinking Age Groups: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Drug AGE GROUP UNDERAGE AND LEGAL DRINKING
AGE GROUP
Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)		 Aged 12-20
(2018)		 Aged 12-20
(2019)		 Aged 21+
(2018)		 Aged 21+
(2019)
Marijuana 7.6a 8.6 15.9 19.3 7.4a 8.4 16.6 17.6 6.0a 7.0 20.2 21.1 6.9a 7.9
Cocaine (Including Crack) 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
Heroin 0.1 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Methamphetamine 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate multiple other drugs used with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.2A – Cigarette Use and Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Age Category Cigarette Use in Past Month Nicotine Dependence in Past Month Percentage with Nicotine Dependence
among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 46,956 45,885 26,163 25,985 55.7 56.6
12-20 2,590a 2,281 975 869 37.6 38.1
21 or Older 44,366 43,604 25,188 25,116 56.8 57.6
12-17 672 572 222 200 33.1 35.0
12-13 38 45 8 7 * *
14-15 184 150 50 42 26.9 27.6
16-17 450 377 165 151 36.7 40.2
16-25 6,965a 6,294 2,921a 2,637 41.9 41.9
18 or Older 46,284 45,313 25,940 25,785 56.0 56.9
18-25 6,514a 5,917 2,755a 2,486 42.3 42.0
18-20 1,918 1,709 752 669 39.2 39.1
21-25 4,596a 4,207 2,003 1,817 43.6 43.2
26 or Older 39,770 39,396 23,185 23,300 58.3 59.1
26-49 23,603 22,628 13,009 12,522 55.1 55.3
26-29 4,731 4,432 2,242 2,109 47.4 47.6
30-34 5,561 5,174 2,975 2,721 53.5 52.6
35-39 5,369 4,912 3,053 2,808 56.9 57.2
40-44 4,122 4,100 2,400 2,396 58.2 58.4
45-49 3,820 4,011 2,340 2,488 61.3 62.0
50 or Older 16,166 16,768 10,176 10,778 62.9 64.3
50-54 4,034 3,910 2,624 2,398 65.0 61.3
55-59 4,252 4,629 2,720 3,217 64.0 69.5
60-64 3,204 3,775 2,078 2,487 64.8 65.9
65 or Older 4,676 4,453 2,754 2,676 58.9 60.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.2B – Cigarette Use and Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Age Category Cigarette Use in Past Month Nicotine Dependence in Past Month Percentage with Nicotine Dependence
among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 17.2 16.7 9.6 9.4 55.7 56.6
12-20 6.8a 6.0 2.6 2.3 37.6 38.1
21 or Older 18.8 18.4 10.7 10.6 56.8 57.6
12-17 2.7 2.3 0.9 0.8 33.1 35.0
12-13 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 * *
14-15 2.2 1.8 0.6 0.5 26.9 27.6
16-17 5.2 4.6 1.9 1.8 36.7 40.2
16-25 16.3a 15.0 6.9 6.3 41.9 41.9
18 or Older 18.6 18.1 10.4 10.3 56.0 56.9
18-25 19.1a 17.5 8.1a 7.4 42.3 42.0
18-20 14.7a 13.0 5.8 5.1 39.2 39.1
21-25 21.9a 20.5 9.6 8.8 43.6 43.2
26 or Older 18.5 18.2 10.8 10.8 58.3 59.1
26-49 23.4a 22.3 12.9 12.4 55.1 55.3
26-29 26.5 24.6 12.6 11.7 47.4 47.6
30-34 25.1 23.2 13.4 12.2 53.5 52.6
35-39 24.5 22.9 13.9 13.1 56.9 57.2
40-44 21.1 21.3 12.3 12.4 58.2 58.4
45-49 19.7 19.8 12.1 12.3 61.3 62.0
50 or Older 14.2 14.5 8.9 9.3 62.9 64.3
50-54 19.6 19.0 12.8 11.6 65.0 61.3
55-59 19.6 21.8 12.5a 15.1 64.0 69.5
60-64 15.7 18.3 10.2 12.1 64.8 65.9
65 or Older 9.1 8.4 5.4 5.1 58.9 60.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.3A – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
TOTAL 26,163 25,985 222 200 25,940 25,785 2,755a 2,486 23,185 23,300
GENDER                    
Male 13,997 13,736 126 101 13,871 13,635 1,554 1,506 12,317 12,128
Female 12,166 12,250 96 99 12,070 12,151 1,201a 979 10,868 11,172
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 24,139 23,773 202 166 23,938 23,607 2,508a 2,213 21,430 21,394
White 19,322 18,982 181 142 19,141 18,840 1,973 1,780 17,168 17,060
Black or African American 3,357 3,309 7 11 3,350 3,298 312 271 3,038 3,027
AIAN 298 208 3 * 294 203 27 23 268 180
NHOPI 117 92 * * 117 92 * * 107 84
Asian 382 362 * * 376 362 85 59 291 303
Two or More Races 664 819 3 8 661 811 102 72 559 739
Hispanic or Latino 2,023 2,213 21 34 2,003 2,179 247 272 1,755 1,906
FAMILY INCOME                    
Less Than $20,000 7,373 7,226 60 40 7,313 7,187 834 782 6,479 6,404
$20,000 - $49,999 9,664 9,324 76 73 9,588 9,251 1,098a 878 8,490 8,373
$50,000 - $74,999 4,088 3,920 38 28 4,050 3,892 327 316 3,723 3,576
$75,000 or More 5,038 5,515 49 59 4,989 5,456 497 509 4,492 4,947
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.3B – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
TOTAL 9.6 9.4 0.9 0.8 10.4 10.3 8.1a 7.4 10.8 10.8
GENDER                    
Male 10.5 10.3 1.0 0.8 11.5 11.3 9.1 8.9 12.0 11.7
Female 8.6 8.6 0.8 0.8 9.4 9.4 7.1a 5.8 9.7 9.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 10.6 10.4 1.1 0.9 11.5 11.3 9.5a 8.5 11.8 11.7
White 11.3 11.1 1.4 1.1 12.1 11.9 10.8 9.9 12.3 12.2
Black or African American 10.2 10.0 0.2 0.3 11.3 11.0 6.6 5.8 12.2 12.0
AIAN 17.9 13.3 2.1 * 19.5 14.6 12.1 10.6 20.8 15.4
NHOPI 11.2 8.5 * * 12.4 9.3 * * 13.7 10.1
Asian 2.4 2.3 * * 2.6 2.5 3.7 2.8 2.4 2.4
Two or More Races 13.0 15.4 0.4 0.9 15.3 18.5 13.5a 7.7 15.6a 21.4
Hispanic or Latino 4.3 4.7 0.3 0.6 4.9 5.3 3.2 3.6 5.3 5.7
FAMILY INCOME                    
Less Than $20,000 17.2 17.9 1.6 1.1 18.7 19.4 9.4 9.1 21.4 22.6
$20,000 - $49,999 12.1 12.0 1.1 1.1 13.1 13.0 9.9a 8.4 13.7 13.8
$50,000 - $74,999 9.7 9.0 1.1 0.8 10.5 9.7 7.1 6.9 10.9 10.1
$75,000 or More 4.6 4.9 0.5 0.5 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.4A – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
TOTAL 26,163 25,985 222 200 25,940 25,785 2,755a 2,486 23,185 23,300
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 4,050 3,854 22 28 4,029 3,825 461 402 3,568 3,423
Midwest 6,244 6,615 52 57 6,192 6,558 757 656 5,435 5,902
South 11,493 11,087 113 77 11,380 11,009 1,093 969 10,288 10,040
West 4,375 4,431 36 37 4,339 4,393 445 458 3,894 3,935
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 11,541 11,413 86 56 11,455 11,357 1,145 1,025 10,311 10,332
Small Metro 9,045 9,238 80 84 8,965 9,154 968 941 7,998 8,213
Nonmetro 5,576 5,334 56 59 5,520 5,275 643a 520 4,877 4,755
Urbanized 2,371 2,268 14 22 2,357 2,246 287 232 2,070 2,015
Less Urbanized 2,607 2,498 35 23 2,572 2,475 287 242 2,285 2,233
Completely Rural 598 568 7 14 590 554 69 47 522 507
POVERTY1                    
Less Than 100% 6,746 6,262 77 59 6,669 6,202 801 757 5,867 5,445
100-199% 7,077 7,324 57 54 7,020 7,270 879a 691 6,141 6,579
200% or More 12,332 12,382 88 87 12,243 12,295 1,067 1,020 11,176 11,276
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 11,511 11,475 81 77 11,430 11,398 1,094 1,024 10,336 10,374
Medicaid/CHIP 7,472 7,384 116 106 7,356 7,278 918a 734 6,438 6,544
Other3 6,055 5,961 13 9 6,042 5,952 149 199 5,893 5,754
No Coverage 4,712 4,949 25 14 4,687 4,935 678 642 4,010 4,293
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.4B – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
TOTAL 9.6 9.4 0.9 0.8 10.4 10.3 8.1a 7.4 10.8 10.8
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 8.5 8.1 0.5 0.7 9.2 8.7 7.9 7.0 9.4 9.0
Midwest 10.9 11.5 1.0 1.1 11.9 12.6 10.4 9.2 12.2 13.2
South 11.1 10.6 1.2 0.8 12.1 11.6 8.6 7.6 12.7 12.2
West 6.7 6.8 0.6 0.6 7.3 7.4 5.5 5.7 7.6 7.6
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 7.6 7.4 0.6 0.4 8.3 8.1 6.0 5.5 8.6 8.5
Small Metro 11.1 11.1 1.1 1.1 12.1 12.1 9.1 8.9 12.6 12.6
Nonmetro 14.1 14.0 1.6 1.6 15.4 15.3 14.7a 12.0 15.4 15.8
Urbanized 13.4 14.3 1.0 1.5 14.5 15.6 14.9a 11.4 14.5 16.3
Less Urbanized 14.4 14.0 2.0 1.4 15.7 15.3 13.7 12.5 16.0 15.7
Completely Rural 16.1 13.1 2.0 3.5 17.6 14.1 20.2 12.5 17.3 14.2
POVERTY1                    
Less Than 100% 16.9 16.7 1.4 1.2 19.3 19.2 9.6 9.6 22.4 22.3
100-199% 13.0 13.8 1.1 1.0 14.3 15.3 10.7a 8.9 15.0 16.5
200% or More 6.9 6.7 0.6 0.6 7.5 7.3 6.4 6.0 7.6 7.4
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 6.4 6.4 0.6 0.5 6.9 6.9 5.3 5.0 7.1 7.1
Medicaid/CHIP 16.1 16.3 1.2 1.1 20.0 20.3 12.7a 10.1 21.8 22.9
Other3 8.7 8.5 1.1 0.7 8.9 8.6 5.8 7.8 9.0 8.7
No Coverage 18.3 18.3 2.2 1.2 19.1 19.1 14.1 13.3 20.3 20.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.5A – Source Where Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among
Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 3,493 3,420 205 171 3,288 3,249 428 485 2,860 2,764
Prescription from One Doctor 3,223 3,249 185 147 3,038 3,102 401 437 2,637 2,665
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 187 98 14 18 174a 81 17 28 157a 53
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 83 73 7 7 76 66 10 20 67 46
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 4,765 4,627 288 239 4,477 4,388 1,083a 892 3,394 3,496
From Friend or Relative for Free 3,586 3,373 199 145 3,387 3,228 742a 612 2,645 2,616
Bought from Friend or Relative 883 837 39 44 843 793 215 174 629 619
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 297 417 50 50 247 367 127 106 120a 261
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 609 565 43 25 566 540 162 138 404 402
SOME OTHER WAY1 423 500 46 31 377 469 84 106 293 363
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.5B – Source Where Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among
Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 37.6 37.5 35.3 36.7 37.8 37.6 24.3a 29.9 41.1 39.3
Prescription from One Doctor 34.7 35.7 31.7 31.5 34.9 35.9 22.9 26.9 37.9 37.9
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.0 1.1 2.4 3.8 2.0a 0.9 0.9 1.7 2.3a 0.7
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.7
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 51.3 50.8 49.5 51.3 51.4 50.8 61.6a 55.0 48.8 49.8
From Friend or Relative for Free 38.6 37.0 34.2 31.1 38.9 37.3 42.2 37.8 38.1 37.2
Bought from Friend or Relative 9.5 9.2 6.7 9.4 9.7 9.2 12.2 10.7 9.0 8.8
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 3.2 4.6 8.6 10.7 2.8 4.2 7.2 6.5 1.7a 3.7
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 6.5 6.2 7.3 5.4 6.5 6.2 9.2 8.5 5.8 5.7
SOME OTHER WAY1 4.6 5.5 7.9 6.6 4.3 5.4 4.8 6.5 4.2 5.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.6A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Pain Relievers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 2,911 2,735 119 * 2,792 2,662 547 474 2,245 2,188
Prescription from One Doctor 2,820 2,664 100 * 2,720 2,598 513 457 2,207 2,141
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 73 54 16 * 58 49 29 13 28 36
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 17 18 3 * 14 15 5 4 * 11
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 308 306 20 * 288 289 76 60 212 228
From Friend or Relative for Free 218 193 11 * 207 191 38 43 169 148
Bought from Friend or Relative 54 70 * * 46 67 21 11 25 56
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 36 43 1 * 35 30 17 6 18 24
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 80 83 8 * 72 62 22 16 50 47
SOME OTHER WAY1 92 53 2 * 90 43 16 12 74 32
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.6B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Pain Relievers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 85.8 86.1 79.7 * 86.1 87.1 82.7 84.4 87.0 87.7
Prescription from One Doctor 83.2 83.8 66.9 * 83.9 85.0 77.6 81.3 85.5 85.8
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.2 1.7 10.5 * 1.8 1.6 4.4 2.4 1.1 1.4
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.5 0.6 2.2 * 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 * 0.4
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 9.1 9.6 13.5 * 8.9 9.4 11.4 10.7 8.2 9.2
From Friend or Relative for Free 6.4 6.1 7.2 * 6.4 6.3 5.8 7.7 6.5 5.9
Bought from Friend or Relative 1.6 2.2 * * 1.4 2.2 3.1 2.0 1.0 2.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 1.1 1.3 1.0 * 1.1 1.0 2.5 1.1 0.7 1.0
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 2.4 2.6 5.6 * 2.2 2.0 3.4 2.8 1.9 1.9
SOME OTHER WAY1 2.7 1.7 1.3 * 2.8 1.4 2.4 2.1 2.9 1.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.7A – Source Where Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past
Year Misusers of Stimulants		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 632 702 65 89 567 613 207 209 360 404
Prescription from One Doctor 591 671 49 75 542 596 197 203 345 393
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 38 28 14 14 25 14 10 5 14 9
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 3 3 3 * * 3 * 1 * 2
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 3,889 3,607 244 281 3,645 3,327 1,715a 1,476 1,931 1,850
From Friend or Relative for Free 2,634 2,521 128a 200 2,506 2,320 1,057 896 1,449 1,425
Bought from Friend or Relative 1,122 955 82 51 1,041 904 621 524 419 380
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 132 131 34 29 99 102 37 56 62 46
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 296 294 27 31 268 263 155 122 114 142
SOME OTHER WAY1 101 162 6 4 95 157 60 69 34 89
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.7B – Source Where Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past
Year Misusers of Stimulants		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 12.8 14.7 19.0 22.0 12.4 14.1 9.7 11.1 14.7 16.3
Prescription from One Doctor 12.0 14.1 14.3 18.6 11.8 13.7 9.2 10.8 14.2 15.8
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 0.8 0.6 4.0 3.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.1 0.1 0.7 * * 0.1 * 0.0 * 0.1
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 79.1 75.7 71.3 69.3 79.7 76.3 80.2 78.7 79.2 74.5
From Friend or Relative for Free 53.6 52.9 37.5a 49.5 54.8 53.2 49.5 47.8 59.4 57.3
Bought from Friend or Relative 22.8 20.0 23.9a 12.6 22.7 20.7 29.1 27.9 17.2 15.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 2.7 2.7 9.9 7.2 2.2 2.3 1.7 3.0 2.5 1.8
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 6.0 6.2 8.0 7.6 5.9 6.0 7.2 6.5 4.7 5.7
SOME OTHER WAY1 2.1 3.4 1.8 1.1 2.1 3.6 2.8 3.7 1.4 3.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.8A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Stimulants		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 2,126 1,981 * * 2,037 1,843 853 736 1,184 1,107
Prescription from One Doctor 2,072 1,931 * * 1,986 1,812 821 710 1,165 1,101
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 55 50 * * 51 32 31 26 20 6
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 * * * * * * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 258 303 * * 240 278 113 103 127 175
From Friend or Relative for Free 152 201 * * 142 184 72 61 70 123
Bought from Friend or Relative 93 101 * * 91 94 34 42 57 52
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 13 0 * * 7 * 7 * * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 45 40 * * 42 27 18 5 24 22
SOME OTHER WAY1 18 26 * * 16 25 8 8 * 17
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.8B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Stimulants		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 86.9 84.3 * * 87.2 84.8 86.0 86.4 88.2 83.7
Prescription from One Doctor 84.6 82.2 * * 85.1 83.3 82.8 83.3 86.7 83.3
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.2 2.1 * * 2.2 1.5 3.2 3.0 1.5 0.4
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 * * * * * * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 10.6 12.9 * * 10.3 12.8 11.4 12.1 9.4 13.3
From Friend or Relative for Free 6.2 8.6 * * 6.1 8.5 7.3 7.1 5.2 9.3
Bought from Friend or Relative 3.8 4.3 * * 3.9 4.3 3.4 5.0 4.2 3.9
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 0.5 0.0 * * 0.3 * 0.7 * * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 1.9 1.7 * * 1.8 1.2 1.8 0.6 1.8 1.7
SOME OTHER WAY1 0.7 1.1 * * 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 * 1.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.9A – Source Where Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past
Year Misusers of Tranquilizers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 1,123 1,193 39 34 1,084 1,160 104 133 980 1,027
Prescription from One Doctor 1,077 1,122 31 24 1,046 1,097 98 111 949 986
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 33 62 5 * 28 59 6 18 22 41
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 13 10 3 * 10 4 1 4 9 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 3,711a 3,082 219 220 3,492a 2,862 1,101a 878 2,391a 1,984
From Friend or Relative for Free 2,688a 2,271 135 150 2,553a 2,120 730a 586 1,822 1,534
Bought from Friend or Relative 825 620 64 54 760 567 313a 230 447 336
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 198 191 20 16 179 175 57 62 122 114
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 528 482 100 86 428 396 242 179 186 217
SOME OTHER WAY1 194 217 25 20 169 197 53 72 116 126
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.9B – Source Where Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past
Year Misusers of Tranquilizers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 20.2 24.0 10.1 9.3 21.0 25.1 7.0 10.5 26.7 30.6
Prescription from One Doctor 19.4 22.5 8.1 6.8 20.2 23.8 6.5 8.8 25.8 29.4
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 0.6 1.2 1.3 * 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.4 0.6 1.2
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.2 0.2 0.7 * 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 66.8 62.0 57.3 61.2 67.5 62.0 73.4 69.6 65.1 59.2
From Friend or Relative for Free 48.4 45.6 35.4 41.9 49.3 45.9 48.7 46.5 49.6 45.7
Bought from Friend or Relative 14.8 12.5 16.8 14.9 14.7 12.3 20.9 18.2 12.2 10.0
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 3.6 3.8 5.2 4.4 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.9 3.3 3.4
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 9.5 9.7 26.2 23.9 8.3 8.6 16.1 14.2 5.1 6.5
SOME OTHER WAY1 3.5 4.4 6.5 5.5 3.3 4.3 3.5 5.7 3.2 3.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.10A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Tranquilizers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 2,092a 1,762 * * 2,034a 1,703 457 385 1,577 1,318
Prescription from One Doctor 2,062a 1,707 * * 2,008a 1,652 439 375 1,568 1,277
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 25 40 * * 22 37 13 5 9 32
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 4 15 * * 4 15 * 5 * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 280 240 * * 237 202 132 100 105 103
From Friend or Relative for Free 133 98 * * 109 85 46 45 62 40
Bought from Friend or Relative 128 134 * * 113 112 84 50 29 62
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 18 9 * * 15 5 2 * 13 *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 110 93 * * 96 72 68 48 28 23
SOME OTHER WAY1 22 32 * * 22 29 10 1 12 28
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.10B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Tranquilizers		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 83.5 82.8 * * 85.2 84.9 68.5 72.1 91.6 89.6
Prescription from One Doctor 82.4 80.2 * * 84.1 82.3 66.0 70.2 91.1 86.7
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 1.0 1.9 * * 0.9 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.5 2.2
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.2 0.7 * * 0.2 0.7 * 1.0 * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 11.2 11.3 * * 9.9 10.1 19.8 18.7 6.1 7.0
From Friend or Relative for Free 5.3 4.6 * * 4.5 4.2 6.9 8.4 3.6 2.7
Bought from Friend or Relative 5.1 6.3 * * 4.7 5.6 12.6 9.3 1.7 4.2
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 0.7 0.4 * * 0.6 0.2 0.3 * 0.8 *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 4.4 4.4 * * 4.0 3.6 10.3 9.0 1.6 1.6
SOME OTHER WAY1 0.9 1.5 * * 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.7 1.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.11A – Source Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past
Year Misusers of Sedatives		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 337 404 * * 324 394 * * 298 364
Prescription from One Doctor 313 398 * * 301 390 * * 279 362
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 21 4 * * 21 4 * * 18 2
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 3 2 * * 3 * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 637 623 * * 596 570 * * 471 454
From Friend or Relative for Free 581 491 * * 550 466 * * 441 374
Bought from Friend or Relative 32 71 * * 29 64 * * 19 46
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 25 61 * * 17 40 * * 12 34
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 26 23 * * 20 20 * * 10 *
SOME OTHER WAY1 38 14 * * 36 11 * * 20 1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.11B – Source Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past
Year Misusers of Sedatives		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 32.5 38.0 * * 33.2 39.6 * * 37.3 43.8
Prescription from One Doctor 30.2 37.5 * * 30.8 39.2 * * 35.0 43.6
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.1 0.4 * * 2.2 0.4 * * 2.3 0.2
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.2 0.2 * * 0.3 * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 61.4 58.6 * * 61.0 57.3 * * 59.0 54.7
From Friend or Relative for Free 56.0 46.2 * * 56.3 46.8 * * 55.2 45.1
Bought from Friend or Relative 3.1 6.7 * * 3.0 6.5 * * 2.3 5.6
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 2.4 5.7 * * 1.7 4.1 * * 1.5 4.1
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 2.5 2.1 * * 2.0 2.0 * * 1.2 *
SOME OTHER WAY1 3.6 1.3 * * 3.7 1.1 * * 2.5a 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.12A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Sedatives		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 483 430 * * 469 * * * * *
Prescription from One Doctor 479 422 * * 467 413 * * * *
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 4 7 * * * * * * * *
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 * * * * * * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 36 49 * * 30 * * * * *
From Friend or Relative for Free 24 * * * 22 * * * * *
Bought from Friend or Relative 5 11 * * 4 * * * * *
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 8 5 * * * * * * * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 * 0 * * * 0 * * * *
SOME OTHER WAY1 * * * * * * * * * *
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.12B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained
Sedatives		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12+
(2019)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2019)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2019)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2019)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2019)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 89.1 89.7 * * 89.9 * * * * *
Prescription from One Doctor 88.3 88.2 * * 89.5 89.5 * * * *
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 0.8 1.5 * * * * * * * *
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 * * * * * * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 6.7 10.3 * * 5.8 * * * * *
From Friend or Relative for Free 4.4 * * * 4.1 * * * * *
Bought from Friend or Relative 0.8 2.4 * * 0.8 * * * * *
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking 1.4 1.1 * * * * * * * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 * 0.0 * * * 0.0 * * * *
SOME OTHER WAY1 * * * * * * * * * *
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.13A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2019)
Relieve Physical Pain 6,063 6,147 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 877 933 -- -- 2,527a 2,102 153 211
Help with Sleep 433 347 -- -- 1,160 1,066 773 730
Help with Feelings or Emotion 383 359 -- -- 721 806 14 45
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 236 208 213 280 274 342 21 19
Feel Good or Get High 1,016 1,056 466 473 673 558 66 44
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 86 72 70 51 86 91 12 8
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 302a 181 11 9 38 36 * 4
Help Lose Weight -- -- 217 200 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 1,257 1,343 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 1,620 1,456 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 1,048 922 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 144 59 90 115 155 107 12 16
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.13B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2019)
Relieve Physical Pain 63.6 65.7 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 9.2 10.0 -- -- 44.8 41.1 14.5 19.6
Help with Sleep 4.5 3.7 -- -- 20.6 20.9 73.6 67.8
Help with Feelings or Emotion 4.0 3.8 -- -- 12.8 15.8 1.4 4.2
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 2.5 2.2 4.3 5.8 4.9 6.7 2.0 1.8
Feel Good or Get High 10.6 11.3 9.3 9.8 12.0 10.9 6.2 4.1
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.1 0.8
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 3.2a 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 * 0.3
Help Lose Weight -- -- 4.3 4.1 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 25.2 27.7 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 32.4 30.0 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 21.0 19.0 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 1.5 0.6 1.8 2.4 2.7 2.1 1.1 1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.14A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2019)
Relieve Physical Pain 5,690 5,881 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 820 882 -- -- 2,381 2,027 140 205
Help with Sleep 404 330 -- -- 1,113 1,020 742 696
Help with Feelings or Emotion 341 314 -- -- 667 761 14 34
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 193 172 181 228 220 261 15 16
Feel Good or Get High 934 989 416 434 590 451 55 30
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 85 67 65 50 84 83 12 8
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 302a 175 9 9 37 36 * 4
Help Lose Weight -- -- 203 184 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 1,131 1,187 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 1,577 1,427 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 985 825 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 134 56 81 97 148 93 12 14
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200324
Table 6.14B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2019)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2019)
Relieve Physical Pain 63.9 66.3 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 9.2 9.9 -- -- 45.4 42.8 14.2 20.4
Help with Sleep 4.5 3.7 -- -- 21.2 21.5 74.9 69.1
Help with Feelings or Emotion 3.8 3.5 -- -- 12.7 16.1 1.4 3.3
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 2.2 1.9 3.9 5.1 4.2 5.5 1.5 1.6
Feel Good or Get High 10.5 11.2 9.0 9.8 11.3 9.5 5.6 3.0
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.2 0.8
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 3.4a 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 * 0.4
Help Lose Weight -- -- 4.4 4.1 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 24.3 26.7 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 33.9 32.1 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 21.2 18.6 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 1.5 0.6 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.0 1.2 1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200415
Table 6.15A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Social Context and Location
of Most Recent Alcohol Use		 Total
(2018)		 Total
(2019)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2019)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2019)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2019)		 Male
(2018)		 Male
(2019)		 Female
(2018)		 Female
(2019)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL
USERS1		 7,146 7,046 304 337 1,929 2,009 4,913 4,700 3,560 3,344 3,586 3,702
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT
ALCOHOL USE2		                        
Drank Alone 636 632 39 46 225 237 372 349 398 370 238 262
Drank with One Other Person 1,183 1,092 64 56 270 275 849 762 554 508 629 584
Drank with More than One Person 5,028 4,962 163 191 1,331 1,356 3,534 3,415 2,460 2,272 2,569 2,689
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT
ALCOHOL USE2,3		                        
Car or Other Vehicle 205 267 14 35 84 83 107 149 90 127 116 141
Home 2,543 2,689 99a 149 636 681 1,809 1,858 1,278 1,297 1,266 1,392
Someone Else's Home 3,243 3,131 132a 84 945 985 2,166 2,062 1,561 1,475 1,682 1,656
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot 309 317 12 * 92 108 205 192 166 145 143 172
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 507 544 3 8 42 51 462 484 195 185 311 359
Concert or Sports Game 186 170 * 4 25 38 158 128 73 85 113 85
School 131 119 1 5 16 32 114 83 78 61 53 58
Some Other Place4 377 362 * 23 134 91 233 248 201 169 176 193
Party, Wedding, or Celebration 120 135 * 7 52 33 66 95 57 63 63 73
Outside (Location not Specified) 36 20 * * 18 4 16 12 28 15 8 5
Hotel, Motel, or Resort 80a 35 0 * 19 15 61a 18 44a 11 36 24
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing 10 25 * 0 7 7 4 17 7 8 3 17
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc. 11 13 * * 3 3 8 7 3 9 8 4
Dorm Room 7 15 * * * 2 7 13 4 13 3 2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Respondents could specify other locations for "Some Other Place." The "other" locations listed are among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200415
Table 6.15B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Social Context and Location
of Most Recent Alcohol Use		 Total
(2018)		 Total
(2019)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2019)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2019)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2019)		 Male
(2018)		 Male
(2019)		 Female
(2018)		 Female
(2019)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL
USERS1		 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT
ALCOHOL USE2		                        
Drank Alone 9.3 9.5 14.5 15.7 12.3 12.7 7.8 7.7 11.7 11.7 6.9 7.4
Drank with One Other Person 17.3 16.3 24.0 19.0 14.8 14.7 17.9 16.8 16.2 16.1 18.3 16.5
Drank with More than One Person 73.4 74.2 61.5 65.3 72.9 72.6 74.3 75.5 72.1 72.1 74.8 76.1
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT
ALCOHOL USE2,3		                        
Car or Other Vehicle 3.0 4.0 5.5 12.5 4.7 4.5 2.3 3.3 2.7 4.1 3.4 4.0
Home 37.5 40.5 38.4a 53.1 35.1 36.8 38.4 41.2 37.9 41.5 37.1 39.5
Someone Else's Home 47.8 47.1 51.3a 29.9 52.2 53.2 46.0 45.7 46.3 47.2 49.3 47.1
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot 4.6 4.8 4.5 * 5.1 5.8 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.7 4.2 4.9
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 7.5 8.2 1.0 2.8 2.3 2.8 9.8 10.7 5.8 5.9 9.1 10.2
Concert or Sports Game 2.7 2.6 * 1.4 1.4 2.1 3.3 2.8 2.2 2.7 3.3 2.4
School 1.9 1.8 0.6 1.7 0.9 1.7 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.7
Some Other Place4 5.7 5.6 * 8.7 7.6a 5.0 5.0 5.6 6.1 5.5 5.3 5.6
Party, Wedding, or Celebration 1.8 2.1 * 2.6 3.0 1.9 1.4 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1
Outside (Location not Specified) 0.5 0.3 * * 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2
Hotel, Motel, or Resort 1.2a 0.5 0.1 * 1.1 0.8 1.3a 0.4 1.3a 0.4 1.1 0.7
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing 0.2 0.4 * 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc. 0.2 0.2 * * 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1
Dorm Room 0.1 0.2 * * * 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Respondents could specify other locations for "Some Other Place." The "other" locations listed are among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200415
Table 6.16A – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use
in the Past Month		 Total
(2018)		 Total
(2019)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2019)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2019)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2019)		 Male
(2018)		 Male
(2019)		 Female
(2018)		 Female
(2019)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL
USERS1		 7,146 7,046 304 337 1,929 2,009 4,913 4,700 3,560 3,344 3,586 3,702
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID2 1,899 1,875 10 10 315 365 1,575 1,499 1,138 973 761 901
Purchased It Himself or Herself 669 633 * * 72 87 597 542 419 355 250 278
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event 575 523 * * 53 62 523 461 358 284 218 239
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store 398 332 * * 32 53 366 279 275 228 124 104
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 171 186 * * 20 8 151 178 80 55 91 131
Concert, Sports, or Other Event 6 2 * * 1 1 5 2 4 1 3 1
From Another Person 81 110 * * 18 25 64 80 50 71 31 39
From Person under Age 21 38 27 * * 17 5 21 18 28 23 10 4
From Person Aged 21 or Older 43 83 * * 0a 20 43 62 21 48 22 35
Purchased by Someone Else 1,223 1,218 10 6 240 274 973 937 716 602 507 616
Parent or Guardian 73 51 * * 7 10 66 41 43a 12 30 39
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older 171a 111 * * 32 15 137 96 94 55 76 56
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older 787 828 6 2 137 168 644 659 478 427 310 401
Someone under Age 21 148 198 * 4 53 74 93 121 72 97 76 101
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY2 4,935 4,815 256 286 1,510 1,504 3,169 3,025 2,269 2,175 2,665 2,640
Got It from Parent or Guardian 690 699 46 81 212 218 431 401 292 321 398 379
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21
   or Older		 671 651 34 27 170 195 468 430 334a 246 337 405
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or
   Older		 1,511 1,383 31 15 260 246 1,220 1,121 638 538 873 845
Got It from Someone under Age 21 871 756 40 35 393 327 438 393 389 357 481 398
Took It from Own Home 421 424 44 56 236 185 142 183 211 199 211 226
Took It from Someone Else's Home 156 165 10 12 62 66 85 87 82 75 74 91
Got It Some Other Way 297a 395 22 28 79a 147 197 221 167a 244 130 151
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified
   Age and Method3		 92a 154 5 * 21a 67 66 74 48 90 44 64
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could specify other sources for "Some Other Way." The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200415
Table 6.16B – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use
in the Past Month		 Total
(2018)		 Total
(2019)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2019)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2019)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2019)		 Male
(2018)		 Male
(2019)		 Female
(2018)		 Female
(2019)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL
USERS1		 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID2 27.8 28.0 3.6 3.5 17.2 19.5 33.2 33.1 33.4 30.9 22.2 25.5
Purchased It Himself or Herself 9.8 9.5 * * 3.9 4.7 12.6 12.0 12.3 11.3 7.3 7.9
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event 8.4 7.8 * * 2.9 3.3 11.1 10.2 10.5 9.1 6.4 6.8
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store 5.8 5.0 * * 1.8 2.9 7.8 6.2 8.1 7.3 3.6 3.0
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 2.5 2.8 * * 1.1 0.4 3.2 3.9 2.3 1.8 2.7 3.7
Concert, Sports, or Other Event 0.1 0.0 * * 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
From Another Person 1.2 1.6 * * 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.3 0.9 1.1
From Person under Age 21 0.6 0.4 * * 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1
From Person Aged 21 or Older 0.6a 1.2 * * 0.0a 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.6a 1.5 0.6 1.0
Purchased by Someone Else 17.9 18.3 3.6 1.9 13.2 14.7 20.5 20.8 21.0 19.2 14.8 17.4
Parent or Guardian 1.1 0.8 * * 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.3a 0.4 0.9 1.1
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older 2.5 1.7 * * 1.7 0.8 2.9 2.1 2.8 1.8 2.2 1.6
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older 11.6 12.5 2.4 0.5 7.6 9.0 13.7 14.7 14.1 13.7 9.1 11.4
Someone under Age 21 2.2 3.0 * 1.2 2.9 4.0 2.0 2.7 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.9
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY2 72.2 72.0 96.4 96.5 82.8 80.5 66.8 66.9 66.6 69.1 77.8 74.5
Got It from Parent or Guardian 10.6 11.0 19.7 30.5 12.3 12.5 9.5 9.3 9.0 10.9 12.2 11.2
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21
   or Older		 10.3 10.3 14.2 10.2 9.8 11.1 10.3 9.9 10.3 8.3 10.3 11.9
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or
   Older		 23.2 21.8 13.2 5.7 15.1 14.1 26.8 25.9 19.6 18.2 26.7 24.9
Got It from Someone under Age 21 13.4 11.9 16.9 13.4 22.8 18.7 9.6 9.1 12.0 12.1 14.7 11.7
Took It from Own Home 6.5 6.7 18.5 21.1 13.7 10.6 3.1 4.2 6.5 6.7 6.5 6.6
Took It from Someone Else's Home 2.4 2.6 4.1 4.7 3.6 3.8 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.7
Got It Some Other Way 4.6a 6.2 9.2 10.4 4.6a 8.4 4.3 5.1 5.2a 8.3 4.0 4.5
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified
   Age and Method3		 1.4a 2.4 2.1 * 1.2a 3.8 1.4 1.7 1.5a 3.0 1.3 1.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could specify other sources for "Some Other Way." The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.17A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Substance Total1 PREGNANCY STATUS
Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS 9,686a 10,415 128 120 9,509a 10,227
Marijuana 8,606a 9,260 111 112 8,455a 9,082
Cocaine 492 540 * 3 489 520
Crack 66 59 * 0 65 59
Heroin 94 116 1 * 92 114
Hallucinogens 460 603 1 0 454 585
LSD 138 172 * 0 138 172
PCP 4 * * 0 4 *
Ecstasy 216 261 * * 215 261
Inhalants 127 120 * 0 127 120
Methamphetamine 226 317 6 1 219 314
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 1,714 1,813 26 12 1,679 1,795
Pain Relievers 824 866 22 8 802 853
Stimulants 636 617 13 7 614 610
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 587 702 * 7 577 693
Tranquilizers 553 661 * 7 543 652
Sedatives 65 70 * * 55 70
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 878 914 22 8 856 898
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2 2,503 2,756 31 13 2,457 2,717
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 13,034a 12,297 271 198 12,692 11,996
Cigarettes 11,601a 10,886 258 179 11,273 10,611
Daily Cigarettes 6,219 5,921 151 105 6,032 5,781
Smokeless Tobacco 456 547 8 11 447 537
Cigars 2,251 2,034 39 38 2,196 1,986
Pipe Tobacco 446a 301 11 1 434a 299
ALCOHOL 34,133 34,486 233 197 33,722 34,121
Binge Alcohol Use3 17,963 18,740 111 99 17,786 18,548
Heavy Alcohol Use 3,587 3,655 34a 6 3,522 3,627
SUBSTANCE USE            
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 39,556 39,733 487 379 38,863 39,137
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 36,193 36,820 309 260 35,699 36,387
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 38,549 38,438 446 341 37,898 37,884
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.17B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Total1 PREGNANCY STATUS
Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS 15.0a 16.3 5.4 5.8 15.4a 16.6
Marijuana 13.4a 14.5 4.7 5.4 13.7a 14.7
Cocaine 0.8 0.8 * 0.2 0.8 0.8
Crack 0.1 0.1 * 0.0 0.1 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.2 0.1 * 0.1 0.2
Hallucinogens 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.9
LSD 0.2 0.3 * 0.0 0.2 0.3
PCP 0.0 * * 0.0 0.0 *
Ecstasy 0.3 0.4 * * 0.3 0.4
Inhalants 0.2 0.2 * 0.0 0.2 0.2
Methamphetamine 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.5
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 2.7 2.8 1.1 0.6 2.7 2.9
Pain Relievers 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.3 1.4
Stimulants 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.9 1.1 * 0.4 0.9 1.1
Tranquilizers 0.9 1.0 * 0.4 0.9 1.1
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.4 1.5
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2 3.9 4.3 1.3 0.6 4.0 4.4
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 20.2a 19.2 11.6 9.6 20.6a 19.4
Cigarettes 18.0a 17.0 11.0 8.7 18.3a 17.2
Daily Cigarettes 9.7 9.2 6.4 5.1 9.8 9.4
Smokeless Tobacco 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
Cigars 3.5 3.2 1.7 1.8 3.6 3.2
Pipe Tobacco 0.7a 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.7a 0.5
ALCOHOL 53.0 53.8 9.9 9.5 54.7 55.3
Binge Alcohol Use3 27.9a 29.2 4.7 4.8 28.8a 30.1
Heavy Alcohol Use 5.6 5.7 1.5a 0.3 5.7 5.9
SUBSTANCE USE            
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 61.5 62.0 20.8 18.4 63.0 63.4
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 56.2a 57.5 13.2 12.6 57.9 59.0
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 59.9 60.0 19.0 16.5 61.5 61.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.18A – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE PAST MONTH OPIOID USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 9,686a 10,415 128 120 9,509a 10,227 8,606a 9,260 111 112 8,455a 9,082 878 914 22 8 856 898
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 779 788 * * 777 776 682 723 * * 680 711 80 59 * * 80 59
18-25 3,702 3,932 67 61 3,620 3,848 3,390 3,578 65 53 3,311 3,504 246 242 3 5 243 229
26-44 5,204 5,696 60 50 5,113 5,604 4,534 4,959 45 50 4,465 4,867 552 613 18 3 533 609
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 2,297 2,181 45 31 2,234 2,119 2,043 1,938 43 31 1,983 1,876 268 196 * 0 265 196
100-199% 2,085a 2,385 28 38 2,038a 2,341 1,871 2,130 23 37 1,837 2,090 204 237 * 4 199 230
200% or More 5,194a 5,705 55 49 5,128a 5,625 4,587a 5,051 46 42 4,530a 4,979 402 470 14 4 387 461
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 5,382 5,823 42 39 5,319 5,757 4,787 5,204 41 32 4,727 5,145 399 402 * 4 399 396
Medicaid/CHIP 2,720 3,004 48 82 2,663 2,888 2,441 2,642 41 81 2,390 2,528 292 340 7 4 284 331
Other4 705 665 * * 681 656 629 571 * * 614 561 70 58 * * 61 58
No Coverage 1,260 1,337 * * 1,222 1,327 1,101 1,171 * * 1,070 1,164 145 164 * * 139 161
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 89 58 da da da da 75 54 da da da da 18 3 da da
Second da da 21 41 da da da da 20 36 da da da da * 4 da da
Third da da 14 20 da da da da 13 20 da da da da 2 1 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.18B – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE PAST MONTH OPIOID USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 15.0a 16.3 5.4 5.8 15.4a 16.6 13.4a 14.5 4.7 5.4 13.7a 14.7 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.4 1.5
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 12.4 12.7 * * 12.5 12.7 10.9 11.7 * * 10.9 11.6 1.3 1.0 * * 1.3 1.0
18-25 21.8 23.4 10.0 10.5 22.4 23.8 20.0 21.3 9.8 9.1 20.4 21.7 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.4
26-44 12.6a 13.9 3.6 3.5 13.0a 14.2 11.0a 12.1 2.7 3.5 11.4 12.3 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.2 1.4 1.5
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 16.8 17.6 10.1 7.3 17.0 17.8 15.0 15.6 9.7 7.3 15.1 15.8 2.0 1.6 * 0.1 2.0 1.6
100-199% 15.2a 17.2 5.3 7.3 15.6a 17.6 13.7 15.3 4.3 7.2 14.1 15.7 1.5 1.7 * 0.8 1.5 1.7
200% or More 14.2a 15.3 4.0 4.4 14.6 15.7 12.5 13.6 3.3 3.8 12.9 13.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.3
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 13.4a 14.7 3.1 3.6 13.8a 15.0 11.9a 13.1 3.1 3.0 12.3a 13.4 1.0 1.0 * 0.4 1.0 1.0
Medicaid/CHIP 17.9a 19.9 5.5 9.6 18.6 20.4 16.0 17.5 4.7a 9.5 16.7 17.9 1.9 2.2 0.8 0.5 2.0 2.3
Other4 16.6 16.2 * * 16.8 16.7 14.8 13.9 * * 15.1 14.3 1.6 1.4 * * 1.5 1.5
No Coverage 17.1 17.3 * * 17.0 17.6 15.0 15.2 * * 14.9 15.4 2.0 2.1 * * 1.9 2.1
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 12.4 9.7 da da da da 10.5 9.1 da da da da 2.6 0.5 da da
Second da da 2.4 4.9 da da da da 2.3 4.4 da da da da * 0.5 da da
Third da da 2.0 3.3 da da da da 1.7 3.3 da da da da 0.2 0.1 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.19A – Tobacco Use, Cigarette Use, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 13,034a 12,297 271 198 12,692 11,996 11,601a 10,886 258 179 11,273 10,611 6,219 5,921 151 105 6,032 5,781
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 347 304 * * 345 293 257 205 * * 255 199 43 34 * * 43 33
18-25 3,425a 3,019 124a 78 3,285a 2,919 2,747a 2,419 115 75 2,617a 2,327 1,107a 954 62 39 1,041 907
26-44 9,262 8,975 147 114 9,061 8,785 8,598 8,261 142 102 8,401 8,085 5,069 4,933 89 66 4,949 4,841
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 3,837 3,451 97 74 3,725a 3,327 3,474 3,155 90 72 3,369 3,035 1,941 1,874 56 50 1,880 1,798
100-199% 3,421 3,238 94 50 3,280 3,164 3,073 2,907 94a 48 2,933 2,834 1,838 1,749 54 24 1,755 1,717
200% or More 5,728 5,559 81 74 5,638 5,455 5,013 4,793 74 59 4,929 4,710 2,440 2,298 41 31 2,396 2,266
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 6,062 5,831 72 60 5,956 5,726 5,266 5,000 69 53 5,163 4,908 2,437 2,387 27 23 2,390 2,361
Medicaid/CHIP 4,453 4,137 149 136 4,286 3,954 4,075 3,766 148 124 3,910 3,595 2,451 2,327 91 74 2,355 2,231
Other4 936 806 * * 899 795 820 695 * * 786 685 454 366 * * 432 365
No Coverage 2,223 2,074 * * 2,163 2,049 2,028 1,929 * * 1,977 1,906 1,212 1,154 * * 1,183 1,133
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 120 88 da da da da 107 82 da da da da 59 45 da da
Second da da 83 60 da da da da 82 51 da da da da 44 25 da da
Third da da 62 46 da da da da 62 46 da da da da 47 35 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.19B – Tobacco Use, Cigarette Use, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 20.2a 19.2 11.6 9.6 20.6a 19.4 18.0a 17.0 11.0 8.7 18.3a 17.2 9.7 9.2 6.4 5.1 9.8 9.4
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 5.5 4.9 * * 5.6 4.8 4.1 3.3 * * 4.1 3.3 0.7 0.6 * * 0.7 0.5
18-25 20.2a 17.9 18.5 13.4 20.3a 18.1 16.2a 14.4 17.1 12.9 16.2a 14.4 6.5a 5.7 9.3 6.6 6.4 5.6
26-44 22.5 21.9 8.9 7.9 23.1 22.3 20.9 20.1 8.6 7.1 21.4 20.5 12.3 12.0 5.4 4.6 12.6 12.3
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 28.1 27.8 21.8 17.3 28.3 28.0 25.4 25.4 20.3 16.9 25.6 25.5 14.2 15.1 12.7 11.7 14.3 15.1
100-199% 25.0 23.3 17.8 9.7 25.2 23.8 22.4 20.9 17.7a 9.4 22.5 21.3 13.4 12.6 10.3 4.6 13.5 12.9
200% or More 15.6 15.0 5.9 6.6 16.1 15.2 13.7 12.9 5.4 5.3 14.1 13.1 6.7 6.2 3.0 2.8 6.8 6.3
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 15.1 14.7 5.4 5.6 15.5 14.9 13.1 12.6 5.2 4.9 13.4 12.8 6.1 6.0 2.0 2.1 6.2 6.2
Medicaid/CHIP 29.2 27.4 17.0 15.9 30.0 27.9 26.8 24.9 16.9 14.6 27.4 25.4 16.1 15.4 10.3 8.7 16.5 15.8
Other4 22.0 19.7 * * 22.2 20.3 19.3 17.0 * * 19.4 17.4 10.7 8.9 * * 10.7 9.3
No Coverage 30.2 26.9 * * 30.1 27.1 27.6 25.0 * * 27.5 25.2 16.5 15.0 * * 16.5 15.0
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 16.7 14.8 da da da da 14.9 13.7 da da da da 8.2 7.5 da da
Second da da 9.6 7.2 da da da da 9.5 6.2 da da da da 5.1 3.0 da da
Third da da 8.4 7.5 da da da da 8.4 7.5 da da da da 6.3 5.7 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.20A – Alcohol Use, Binge Alcohol Use, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE1 PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE
Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 34,133 34,486 233 197 33,722 34,121 17,963 18,740 111 99 17,786 18,548 3,587 3,655 34a 6 3,522 3,627
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 984 1,060 * * 981 1,049 529 570 * * 528 562 52a 117 * * 51a 113
18-25 9,379 9,208 75 80 9,252 9,103 5,837 5,681 42 48 5,771 5,619 1,351 1,235 16 * 1,329 1,229
26-44 23,769 24,218 158 110 23,489 23,969 11,597a 12,490 68 47 11,488a 12,367 2,184 2,303 18 3 2,141 2,284
POVERTY LEVEL3                                    
Less Than 100% 5,500a 4,891 57 26 5,425a 4,825 3,534a 3,137 33 16 3,498a 3,093 615 560 10 * 602 542
100-199% 6,137 6,457 43 65 6,040 6,369 3,396 3,649 28 31 3,349 3,604 542 596 12 * 522 591
200% or More 22,262 22,824 133 104 22,023 22,616 10,862a 11,738 49 50 10,769a 11,636 2,364 2,466 12 6 2,331 2,460
HEALTH INSURANCE4                                    
Private 24,025 24,150 155 102 23,741 23,925 11,925 12,533 53 51 11,831 12,417 2,455 2,579 21 6 2,413 2,572
Medicaid/CHIP 5,795 5,778 52 87 5,716 5,638 3,345 3,449 27 34 3,310 3,375 573 536 15 3 556 511
Other5 2,032 1,970 * * 2,008 1,949 1,136 1,026 * * 1,116 1,020 251a 143 * * 249a 143
No Coverage 3,328 3,672 * * 3,278 3,654 2,115 2,314 * * 2,079 2,299 396 473 * * 383 473
TRIMESTER6                                    
First da da 151 130 da da da da 88 75 da da da da 25 6 da da
Second da da 50 41 da da da da 17 18 da da da da 9 * da da
Third da da 26 21 da da da da * 1 da da da da * * da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
2 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
6 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200402
Table 6.20B – Alcohol Use, Binge Alcohol Use, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE1 PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE
Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 53.0 53.8 9.9 9.5 54.7 55.3 27.9a 29.2 4.7 4.8 28.8a 30.1 5.6 5.7 1.5a 0.3 5.7 5.9
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 15.7 17.2 * * 15.8 17.2 8.4 9.2 * * 8.5 9.2 0.8a 1.9 * * 0.8a 1.8
18-25 55.3 54.7 11.2 13.8 57.1 56.3 34.4 33.8 6.3 8.2 35.6 34.8 8.0 7.3 2.4 * 8.2 7.6
26-44 57.8 59.0 9.5 7.7 59.9 60.8 28.2a 30.4 4.1 3.3 29.3a 31.4 5.3 5.6 1.1 0.2 5.5 5.8
POVERTY LEVEL3                                    
Less Than 100% 40.3 39.4 13.0 6.1 41.2 40.6 25.9 25.2 7.6 3.7 26.6 26.0 4.5 4.5 2.2 * 4.6 4.6
100-199% 44.8 46.5 8.1 12.5 46.3 47.8 24.8 26.3 5.3 6.0 25.7 27.1 4.0 4.3 2.3 * 4.0 4.4
200% or More 60.8 61.4 9.7 9.3 62.8 63.0 29.7a 31.6 3.6 4.5 30.7a 32.4 6.5 6.6 0.9 0.5 6.6 6.9
HEALTH INSURANCE4                                    
Private 59.9 61.0 11.6 9.4 61.6 62.4 29.7a 31.7 4.0 4.7 30.7a 32.4 6.1 6.5 1.6 0.5 6.3 6.7
Medicaid/CHIP 38.1 38.2 6.0 10.2 40.0 39.9 22.0 22.8 3.1 4.0 23.2 23.9 3.8 3.5 1.7 0.3 3.9 3.6
Other5 47.8 48.1 * * 49.6 49.7 26.7 25.0 * * 27.6 26.0 5.9a 3.5 * * 6.1a 3.7
No Coverage 45.3 47.6 * * 45.6 48.4 28.8 30.0 * * 28.9 30.4 5.4 6.1 * * 5.3 6.3
TRIMESTER6                                    
First da da 21.0 21.8 da da da da 12.3 12.6 da da da da 3.5 0.9 da da
Second da da 5.8 4.9 da da da da 2.0 2.2 da da da da 1.0 * da da
Third da da 3.6 3.4 da da da da * 0.2 da da da da * * da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
2 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
6 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.21A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Substance All Persons Aged 18-221 Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 Other Persons Aged 18-222
Total Gender Total Gender Total Gender
Male Female Male Female Male Female
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS 5,276 5,142 2,879 2,774 2,396 2,367 1,881 1,715 938 846 942 869 3,302 3,365 1,880 1,891 1,422 1,475
Marijuana 4,928 4,793 2,717 2,588 2,211 2,204 1,726 1,612 855 799 871 813 3,118 3,132 1,808 1,762 1,309 1,370
Cocaine 313 290 190 124 123 166 121 96 75 39 46 58 190 190 113 82 77 108
Crack 21 8 12 2 9 6 1 * 1 * * * 18 8 9 1 9 6
Heroin 29 17 15 8 14 9 4 * * * 4 * 26 17 15 8 10 9
Hallucinogens 330 411 181a 263 148 147 123 106 56 64 68 41 200a 286 123a 188 77 98
LSD 130 166 81 115 49 51 31 38 14 25 17 14 95 124 67 86 28 37
PCP * 8 * 8 * 1 * 0 * * * 0 * * * * * *
Ecstasy 147 134 54 74 93 60 58 40 17 26 41a 14 82 90 35 48 48 42
Inhalants 81 115 53 69 28 46 24 37 16 14 8 23 49 70 30 47 18 23
Methamphetamine 53 51 33 36 20 15 6 7 4 6 2 1 45 44 26 30 19 14
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 754 703 382 348 372 355 310 244 167 119 143 125 435 449 214 222 222 227
Pain Relievers 286 239 155a 85 131 154 67 34 40a 10 27 25 211 198 115 71 96 127
Stimulants 336 379 179 207 157 172 192 185 105 103 87 81 144 191 74 101 70 90
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 273 205 135 115 138 91 73 48 34 21 40 28 198 157 100 94 99 63
Tranquilizers 259 188 128 107 131 81 68a 36 34 16 34 20 190 152 94 91 96 61
Sedatives 18 29 9 14 10 15 5 12 * 5 5 8 13 17 9 9 4 8
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 309 245 167a 91 141 154 71a 34 40a 10 31 25 230 204 127a 77 103 127
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana3 1,226 1,214 661 656 564 558 481a 366 265 191 216 175 721 817 386 445 336 372
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 5,130a 4,666 3,198 3,019 1,932a 1,646 1,330 1,146 818 778 512a 368 3,702 3,460 2,318 2,203 1,384 1,257
Cigarettes 3,692a 3,276 2,192 1,993 1,500a 1,283 851a 635 483 394 368a 241 2,772 2,596 1,661 1,565 1,111 1,030
Daily Cigarettes 1,171 1,020 680 583 491 437 111 73 58 43 53 30 1,030 933 597 529 434 404
Smokeless Tobacco 925 975 791 821 133 153 262 307 199 239 63 68 649 651 580 570 69 80
Cigars 1,910a 1,582 1,349a 1,131 561 451 525 456 391 347 134 109 1,331a 1,099 918a 767 413 332
Pipe Tobacco 386a 287 284a 196 102 91 117a 60 92a 41 25 19 254 206 187 139 68 67
ALCOHOL 10,466 9,915 5,280 4,912 5,186 5,003 4,310 4,001 2,009 1,819 2,301 2,182 6,045 5,824 3,198 3,043 2,847 2,780
Binge Alcohol Use4 6,762a 6,245 3,485 3,173 3,277 3,072 2,879 2,515 1,402 1,235 1,477 1,280 3,818 3,670 2,038 1,907 1,780 1,764
Heavy Alcohol Use 1,773a 1,471 999 843 774a 628 780 622 428 345 352 277 972 841 561 491 411 350
SUBSTANCE USE                                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 12,570 12,102 6,558 6,275 6,012 5,827 4,732 4,454 2,263 2,077 2,469 2,377 7,682 7,541 4,197 4,140 3,485 3,401
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 11,673 11,172 5,981 5,665 5,693 5,507 4,593 4,306 2,154 1,965 2,439 2,341 6,941 6,765 3,736 3,645 3,205 3,120
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 11,866 11,321 6,162 5,848 5,704 5,473 4,519 4,212 2,149 1,977 2,370 2,235 7,201 7,007 3,923 3,813 3,278 3,194
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The All Persons Aged 18-22 column includes those with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
4 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.21B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Gender: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance All Persons Aged 18-221 Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 Other Persons Aged 18-222
Total Gender Total Gender Total Gender
Male Female Male Female Male Female
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
ILLICIT DRUGS 24.5 24.4 26.0 25.8 23.0 23.0 24.2 22.5 25.1 23.9 23.4 21.3 24.5 25.4 26.1 26.6 22.6 24.1
Marijuana 22.9 22.7 24.5 24.0 21.2 21.4 22.2 21.1 22.9 22.6 21.6 19.9 23.1 23.7 25.2 24.8 20.8 22.4
Cocaine 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.8
Crack 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 * 0.0 * * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 * * * 0.1 * 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
Hallucinogens 1.5 1.9 1.6a 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.5a 2.2 1.7a 2.6 1.2 1.6
LSD 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.6
PCP * 0.0 * 0.1 * 0.0 * 0.0 * * * 0.0 * * * * * *
Ecstasy 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.0a 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7
Inhalants 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4
Methamphetamine 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.2 4.5 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.7
Pain Relievers 1.3 1.1 1.4a 0.8 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.4 1.1a 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.5 2.1
Stimulants 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.0
Tranquilizers 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.4 1.2 1.5a 0.8 1.4 1.5 0.9a 0.4 1.1a 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.7 1.5 1.8a 1.1 1.6 2.1
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana3 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.1 5.4 5.4 6.2a 4.8 7.1 5.4 5.4 4.3 5.3 6.2 5.4 6.3 5.3 6.1
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 23.8a 22.1 28.9 28.0 18.5a 16.0 17.1 15.0 21.9 22.0 12.7a 9.0 27.4 26.1 32.2 31.0 22.0 20.5
Cigarettes 17.2a 15.5 19.8 18.5 14.4a 12.5 11.0a 8.3 12.9 11.1 9.1a 5.9 20.5 19.6 23.1 22.0 17.6 16.8
Daily Cigarettes 5.4 4.8 6.1 5.4 4.7 4.2 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.7 7.6 7.1 8.3 7.4 6.9 6.6
Smokeless Tobacco 4.3 4.6 7.1 7.6 1.3 1.5 3.4 4.0 5.3 6.7 1.6 1.7 4.8 4.9 8.1 8.0 1.1 1.3
Cigars 8.9a 7.5 12.2a 10.5 5.4 4.4 6.8 6.0 10.5 9.8 3.3 2.7 9.9a 8.3 12.8a 10.8 6.5 5.4
Pipe Tobacco 1.8a 1.4 2.6a 1.8 1.0 0.9 1.5a 0.8 2.5a 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.9 1.6 2.6 2.0 1.1 1.1
ALCOHOL 48.7 47.1 47.7 45.6 49.7 48.6 55.5 52.5 53.8 51.4 57.0 53.4 44.8 44.0 44.5 42.8 45.2 45.4
Binge Alcohol Use4 31.4a 29.6 31.5 29.5 31.4 29.8 37.1a 33.0 37.6 34.9 36.6a 31.3 28.3 27.7 28.4 26.8 28.2 28.8
Heavy Alcohol Use 8.2a 7.0 9.0 7.8 7.4a 6.1 10.0 8.2 11.5 9.7 8.7 6.8 7.2 6.4 7.8 6.9 6.5 5.7
SUBSTANCE USE                                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 58.4 57.4 59.2 58.3 57.6 56.6 60.9 58.4 60.6 58.7 61.2 58.2 56.9 57.0 58.4 58.2 55.3 55.5
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 54.3 53.0 54.0 52.6 54.5 53.5 59.1 56.5 57.7 55.5 60.5 57.3 51.4 51.1 52.0 51.3 50.8 50.9
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 55.2 53.7 55.7 54.3 54.6 53.2 58.2 55.2 57.6 55.8 58.8 54.7 53.4 53.0 54.6 53.6 52.0 52.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The All Persons Aged 18-22 column includes those with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
4 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.22A – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 1,718 1,638 586 502 1,115 1,118
AGE            
18 341 297 92 83 250 212
19 336 320 136 112 193 202
20 349 308 113 89 235 215
21 367 353 142 149 224 201
22 325 360 103 69 214 289
GENDER            
Male 990 942 298 258 683 671
Female 728 696 288 244 433 447
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,426 1,293 483 396 927 880
White 1,018 942 358 268 649 664
Black or African American 243 209 48 67 193 137
AIAN * 6 * * * 5
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 70 62 45 40 25 22
Two or More Races 68 68 * 18 37 50
Hispanic or Latino 293 345 103 106 188 238
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 531 565 127 101 398 459
Part-Time 526 506 238 231 279 271
Unemployed 285 204 * 35 214 169
Other3 375 363 150 135 224 219
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.22B – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 8.0 7.8 7.5 6.6 8.3 8.5
AGE            
18 7.2 6.3 5.9 5.5 7.8 6.7
19 7.8 7.3 6.8 5.9 8.5 8.3
20 8.8 7.5 7.6 5.3 9.6 9.0
21 8.7 8.7 8.7 9.3 8.8 8.4
22 7.7 9.3 9.2 7.5 7.0a 9.9
GENDER            
Male 8.9 8.7 8.0 7.3 9.5 9.4
Female 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.0 6.9 7.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.6 8.0 7.8 6.6 9.1 8.8
White 8.9 8.6 8.1 6.5 9.4 9.8
Black or African American 8.1 7.1 5.7 8.0 9.3 6.7
AIAN * 4.0 * * * 4.2
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 5.2 4.7 5.8 5.1 4.3 4.2
Two or More Races 14.1 11.4 * 9.1 11.2 12.8
Hispanic or Latino 5.9 7.0 6.7 6.6 5.6 7.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 7.4 8.4 8.7 7.2 7.0 8.8
Part-Time 8.0 7.9 7.2 7.2 8.6 8.6
Unemployed 13.0a 8.7 * 7.5 12.6 9.0
Other3 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.3 7.8 7.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.23A – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 1,987a 1,698 885a 666 1,081 1,024
AGE            
18 278 247 137 104 137 143
19 341 313 197a 115 135 193
20 373 296 153 120 218 175
21 522 475 249 231 273 243
22 474a 367 148 95 318 270
GENDER            
Male 1,052 902 454 353 587 542
Female 935 796 430a 313 494 482
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,610a 1,351 740a 529 857 815
White 1,265a 1,028 595a 427 659 600
Black or African American 147 135 42 38 105 92
AIAN 14 14 * * 12 14
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 106 96 70 44 36 52
Two or More Races 63 70 29 * 32 55
Hispanic or Latino 377 347 144 137 224 209
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 763a 603 193a 126 565 475
Part-Time 644 526 398 332 237 194
Unemployed 182 182 45 24 133 158
Other3 398 386 248 184 146 197
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.23B – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 9.2a 8.1 11.4a 8.7 8.0 7.7
AGE            
18 5.8 5.3 8.8 6.9 4.3 4.5
19 7.9 7.2 9.9a 6.1 5.9 8.0
20 9.4 7.2 10.4 7.2 9.0 7.4
21 12.4 11.8 15.3 14.4 10.7 10.2
22 11.2 9.5 13.3 10.3 10.4 9.3
GENDER            
Male 9.5 8.4 12.2 10.0 8.2 7.6
Female 9.0 7.7 10.7a 7.7 7.8 7.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 9.7a 8.4 11.9a 8.8 8.4 8.2
White 11.1a 9.3 13.5a 10.3 9.5 8.8
Black or African American 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5
AIAN 9.2 9.8 * * 9.2 12.5
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 7.8 7.3 9.1 5.6 6.1 10.2
Two or More Races 13.0 11.6 19.9 * 9.9 13.9
Hispanic or Latino 7.6 7.0 9.4 8.5 6.7 6.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 10.6 9.0 13.2a 9.0 10.0 9.1
Part-Time 9.7 8.2 12.1 10.4 7.3 6.2
Unemployed 8.3 7.8 9.5 5.1 7.8 8.5
Other3 7.3 6.9 9.8 7.2 5.1 6.6
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.24A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 3,095a 2,752 1,235a 964 1,836 1,768
AGE            
18 530 430 189 147 337 282
19 564 522 278a 190 275 326
20 590 502 227 176 362 321
21 730 686 329 315 401 367
22 681 613 212a 137 460 472
GENDER            
Male 1,695 1,515 610 499 1,072 1,001
Female 1,400 1,237 625a 465 764 767
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 2,536a 2,187 1,027a 769 1,494 1,399
White 1,910a 1,622 808a 578 1,090 1,032
Black or African American 345 308 83 94 260 208
AIAN * 19 * * * 17
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 143 125 86 64 56 61
Two or More Races 96 100 42 24 53 76
Hispanic or Latino 559 565 208 195 342 369
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 1,079 966 268a 191 806 768
Part-Time 978 843 543 456 426 384
Unemployed 396 332 89 46 302 286
Other3 641 610 336 271 301 330
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200408
Table 6.24B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
TOTAL 14.4a 13.1 15.9a 12.6 13.6 13.4
AGE            
18 11.1 9.2 12.2 9.7 10.6 8.9
19 13.0 11.9 14.0a 10.0 12.2 13.5
20 14.8a 12.3 15.3a 10.4 14.9 13.5
21 17.3 17.0 20.2 19.7 15.8 15.4
22 16.1 15.9 19.1 14.8 15.0 16.3
GENDER            
Male 15.3 14.1 16.3 14.1 14.9 14.1
Female 13.4 12.0 15.5a 11.4 12.1 12.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 15.3a 13.6 16.5a 12.8 14.7 14.1
White 16.7a 14.7 18.3a 14.0 15.7 15.2
Black or African American 11.5 10.5 9.8 11.3 12.5 10.2
AIAN * 12.5 * * * 15.0
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 10.5 9.6 11.2 8.2 9.6 12.0
Two or More Races 20.1 16.7 28.9a 12.2 16.1 19.2
Hispanic or Latino 11.3 11.4 13.5 12.1 10.2 11.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 15.0 14.4 18.2 13.5 14.2 14.7
Part-Time 14.8 13.1 16.5 14.2 13.1 12.2
Unemployed 18.0 14.2 18.6 9.9 17.8 15.3
Other3 11.7 10.9 13.3 10.7 10.5 11.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200410
Table 6.25A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Alcohol
(2018)		 Alcohol
(2019)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2019)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)
TOTAL 20,524 20,038 11,833a 12,865 12,615a 13,698 2,221 2,272 28,069 28,715
AGE GROUP                    
16-25 3,431a 3,110 4,509 4,371 4,622 4,531 589 616 6,358 6,059
16-20 892a 687 1,969 1,851 2,000 1,882 203 175 2,318 2,093
21-25 2,539 2,424 2,540 2,521 2,622 2,649 386 441 4,040 3,966
26 or Older 17,092 16,928 7,324a 8,494 7,993a 9,168 1,632 1,656 21,711 22,656
GENDER                    
Male 12,812 12,568 7,679 8,249 8,193 8,744 1,496 1,469 17,638 17,860
Female 7,712 7,470 4,154 4,616 4,422a 4,954 725 804 10,431 10,855
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 18,260 17,767 10,226a 11,062 10,913a 11,766 1,886 1,936 24,816 25,285
White 15,863 15,327 7,887a 8,572 8,442a 9,204 1,553 1,624 20,846 21,175
Black or African American 1,466 1,440 1,529 1,685 1,613 1,713 185 166 2,466 2,582
AIAN 70 71 74 83 81 84 24 12 134 134
NHOPI 71a 29 34 29 36 43 13 17 94 69
Asian 491 493 315 270 345 286 66 62 703 669
Two or More Races 299 407 386 423 395 437 46 54 573 656
Hispanic or Latino 2,264 2,272 1,607 1,803 1,702 1,932 335 337 3,253 3,430
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200410
Table 6.25B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Alcohol
(2018)		 Alcohol
(2019)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2019)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)
TOTAL 8.0 7.8 4.6a 5.0 4.9a 5.3 0.9 0.9 11.0 11.2
AGE GROUP                    
16-25 8.1 7.5 10.6 10.5 11.0 11.0 1.4 1.5 15.3 14.8
16-20 4.2a 3.2 9.2 8.7 9.4 9.0 1.0 0.8 11.0 10.1
21-25 12.2 11.8 12.2 12.3 12.7 13.0 1.9 2.2 19.6 19.6
26 or Older 8.0 7.8 3.4a 3.9 3.8a 4.3 0.8 0.8 10.2 10.6
GENDER                    
Male 10.3 10.1 6.2 6.6 6.7 7.1 1.2 1.2 14.4 14.5
Female 5.8 5.6 3.1 3.5 3.4a 3.7 0.5 0.6 7.9 8.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.5 8.3 4.8a 5.2 5.1a 5.5 0.9 0.9 11.7 11.9
White 9.8 9.5 4.9a 5.3 5.2a 5.7 1.0 1.0 13.0 13.2
Black or African American 4.8 4.7 5.0 5.5 5.3 5.6 0.6 0.5 8.1 8.5
AIAN 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.8 5.3 6.0 1.5 0.9 8.8 9.5
NHOPI 7.4a 2.8 3.6 2.9 3.8 4.3 1.4 1.7 10.0 6.9
Asian 3.4 3.3 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.9 0.5 0.4 4.9 4.6
Two or More Races 6.5 8.8 8.5 9.1 8.8 9.6 1.0 1.2 12.8 14.4
Hispanic or Latino 5.3 5.3 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.5 0.8 0.8 7.7 8.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200410
Table 6.26A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Alcohol
(2018)		 Alcohol
(2019)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2019)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)
TOTAL 20,524 20,038 11,833a 12,865 12,615a 13,698 2,221 2,272 28,069 28,715
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 3,735 3,370 2,166 2,056 2,309 2,180 290 327 5,052 4,665
Midwest 5,480 5,132 2,742 2,755 2,909 2,907 466 440 7,356 6,937
South 6,536 6,660 3,840a 4,384 4,111 4,650 814 803 8,991 9,691
West 4,772 4,876 3,085a 3,670 3,285a 3,962 651 702 6,669 7,422
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 11,795 11,304 6,720a 7,503 7,080a 7,931 1,060 1,260 15,922 16,238
Small Metro 6,008 6,211 3,804 3,846 4,077 4,089 838 664 8,451 8,890
Nonmetro 2,721 2,524 1,308 1,516 1,457 1,679 324 349 3,695 3,586
Urbanized 1,368 1,176 656 816 720 907 175 190 1,806 1,732
Less Urbanized 1,146 1,138 541 578 610 633 126 128 1,578 1,539
Completely Rural 207 210 112 122 127 139 23 30 311 315
POVERTY LEVEL3                    
Less Than 100% 1,300 1,086 1,699 1,806 1,870 1,975 476 415 2,594 2,491
100-199% 2,531a 2,080 2,474 2,733 2,591 2,956 468 563 4,124 4,243
200% or More 16,632 16,792 7,565 8,210 8,056 8,651 1,273 1,288 21,233 21,811
HEALTH INSURANCE4                    
Private 15,999 15,767 7,180a 7,848 7,511a 8,223 1,038 1,099 20,142 20,620
Medicaid/CHIP 1,547 1,420 2,145 2,348 2,343 2,595 516 611 3,193 3,335
Other5 3,042 3,146 1,332 1,638 1,439 1,748 201 223 4,034 4,425
No Coverage 1,792 1,609 1,842 2,013 2,034 2,210 558 515 3,057 3,072
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200410
Table 6.26B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Alcohol
(2018)		 Alcohol
(2019)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2019)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2019)
TOTAL 8.0 7.8 4.6a 5.0 4.9a 5.3 0.9 0.9 11.0 11.2
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 8.3 7.5 4.8 4.6 5.2 4.9 0.7 0.7 11.3 10.4
Midwest 10.2 9.6 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.5 0.9 0.8 13.8 13.0
South 6.7 6.8 4.0a 4.5 4.3 4.8 0.8 0.8 9.3 10.0
West 7.8 8.0 5.1a 6.0 5.4a 6.5 1.1 1.2 11.0a 12.3
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 8.2 7.8 4.7a 5.2 5.0a 5.5 0.7 0.9 11.2 11.4
Small Metro 7.8 8.0 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.3 1.1 0.9 11.1 11.5
Nonmetro 7.4 7.1 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.8 0.9 1.0 10.1 10.2
Urbanized 8.2 7.9 3.9a 5.5 4.4a 6.2 1.1 1.3 10.9 11.8
Less Urbanized 6.8 6.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.8 0.7 0.8 9.4 9.3
Completely Rural 6.1 5.2 3.2 3.0 3.7 3.5 0.7 0.7 9.2 7.9
POVERTY LEVEL3                    
Less Than 100% 3.6 3.2 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.9 1.3 1.2 7.3 7.5
100-199% 5.0 4.2 4.9 5.5 5.1a 6.0 0.9 1.1 8.2 8.7
200% or More 9.9 9.7 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 0.8 0.7 12.7 12.6
HEALTH INSURANCE4                    
Private 9.4 9.3 4.2a 4.6 4.4a 4.9 0.6 0.6 11.9 12.2
Medicaid/CHIP 3.9 3.7 5.4 6.1 6.0 6.8 1.3 1.6 8.2 8.8
Other5 4.4 4.6 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.5 0.3 0.3 5.9 6.5
No Coverage 7.2 6.1 7.4 7.7 8.2 8.5 2.3 2.0 12.4 11.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.27A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Substance Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
ILLICIT DRUGS 29,917a 33,636 1,269 1,255 28,501a 32,314 428 463 29,379a 33,108
Marijuana 26,009a 29,769 1,030 983 24,873a 28,727 328 325 25,612a 29,385
Cocaine 1,938 1,965 127 155 1,768 1,808 41 60 1,868 1,903
Crack 436 372 61 80 370 292 31 36 400 336
Heroin 347 431 22 68 316 360 19 28 319 400
Hallucinogens 1,491 1,763 92 88 1,398 1,671 32 39 1,457 1,720
LSD 403 512 18 34 383 475 2 18 400 490
PCP 30 * * * 30 * * * 30 *
Ecstasy 636 623 32 19 603 604 19 7 615 617
Inhalants 428 591 1a 51 425 540 1 * 425 576
Methamphetamine 984 1,161 150 190 833 969 74 81 911 1,078
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 5,112 5,008 269 284 4,805 4,717 134 97 4,940 4,905
Pain Relievers 2,691 2,654 153 195 2,523 2,458 84 74 2,592 2,580
Stimulants 1,550 1,443 69 95 1,462 1,346 22 6 1,509 1,435
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,711 1,837 108 83 1,597 1,750 52 34 1,655 1,799
Tranquilizers 1,553 1,669 97 80 1,452 1,589 36 34 1,513 1,635
Sedatives 234 275 14 7 220 264 15 * 219 271
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 2,874 2,936 167 244 2,683 2,690 97 101 2,753 2,833
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 8,271 8,735 545 602 7,644 8,119 224 250 7,979 8,472
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 57,723 57,127 2,308 2,365 55,104 54,531 964 956 56,528 55,972
Cigarettes 46,284 45,313 2,079 2,094 43,924 43,015 912 850 45,171 44,267
Daily Cigarettes 27,229 26,721 1,272 1,397 25,838 25,263 648 467 26,476 26,195
Smokeless Tobacco 7,694 8,268 338 356 7,325 7,868 151 179 7,525 8,045
Cigars 11,800 11,344 562 534 11,154 10,758 230 214 11,498 11,102
Pipe Tobacco 2,012 1,827 96 81 1,889 1,742 40 40 1,947 1,783
ALCOHOL 137,602 137,381 1,945 1,883 135,264 135,202 710 783 136,603 136,336
Binge Alcohol Use3 65,891 64,633 1,415 1,316 64,227 63,152 552 536 65,151 63,929
Heavy Alcohol Use 16,437 15,835 449 466 15,943 15,306 141 189 16,259 15,573
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 161,284 161,605 3,052 3,068 157,679 158,105 1,213 1,196 159,652 160,012
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 144,208 145,559 2,302 2,355 141,485 142,875 821 907 143,072 144,357
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 158,257 157,655 2,942 2,949 154,776 154,284 1,186 1,165 156,664 156,101
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.27B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
ILLICIT DRUGS 12.0a 13.4 33.9 32.9 11.7a 13.1 28.0 30.8 11.9a 13.3
Marijuana 10.5a 11.9 27.5 25.7 10.2a 11.7 21.4 21.7 10.4a 11.8
Cocaine 0.8 0.8 3.4 4.1 0.7 0.7 2.7 4.0 0.8 0.8
Crack 0.2 0.1 1.6 2.1 0.2 0.1 2.0 2.4 0.2 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.8 0.1 0.1 1.3 1.9 0.1 0.2
Hallucinogens 0.6 0.7 2.4 2.3 0.6 0.7 2.1 2.6 0.6 0.7
LSD 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.2 0.2
PCP 0.0 * * * 0.0 * * * 0.0 *
Ecstasy 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2
Inhalants 0.2 0.2 0.0a 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 * 0.2 0.2
Methamphetamine 0.4 0.5 4.0 5.0 0.3 0.4 4.8 5.4 0.4 0.4
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 2.1 2.0 7.2 7.4 2.0 1.9 8.7 6.4 2.0 2.0
Pain Relievers 1.1 1.1 4.1 5.1 1.0 1.0 5.5 4.9 1.1 1.0
Stimulants 0.6 0.6 1.9 2.5 0.6 0.5 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.7 0.7 2.9 2.2 0.7 0.7 3.4 2.3 0.7 0.7
Tranquilizers 0.6 0.7 2.6 2.1 0.6 0.6 2.4 2.3 0.6 0.7
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 * 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.2 1.2 4.5 6.4 1.1 1.1 6.3 6.7 1.1 1.1
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 3.3 3.5 14.6 15.8 3.1 3.3 14.7 16.7 3.2 3.4
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 23.2 22.8 61.6 61.9 22.6 22.2 63.0 63.7 22.9 22.5
Cigarettes 18.6 18.1 55.5 54.8 18.0 17.5 59.6 56.7 18.3 17.8
Daily Cigarettes 10.9 10.7 34.0 36.6 10.6 10.3 42.3a 31.1 10.7 10.6
Smokeless Tobacco 3.1 3.3 9.0 9.3 3.0 3.2 9.8 11.9 3.1 3.2
Cigars 4.7 4.5 15.0 14.0 4.6 4.4 15.0 14.2 4.7 4.5
Pipe Tobacco 0.8 0.7 2.6 2.1 0.8 0.7 2.6 2.7 0.8 0.7
ALCOHOL 55.3 54.9 51.9 49.3 55.4 55.0 46.4 52.2 55.4 54.9
Binge Alcohol Use3 26.5 25.8 37.8 34.4 26.3 25.7 36.1 35.7 26.4 25.8
Heavy Alcohol Use 6.6 6.3 12.0 12.2 6.5 6.2 9.2 12.6 6.6 6.3
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 64.8 64.6 81.5 80.3 64.6 64.3 79.3 79.7 64.7 64.5
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 57.9 58.2 61.5 61.6 57.9 58.1 53.7 60.4 58.0 58.2
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 63.6 63.0 78.6 77.2 63.4 62.8 77.5 77.7 63.5 62.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.28A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Substance Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
ILLICIT DRUGS 23,073a 24,885 1,142 1,078 21,815a 23,757 370 397 22,609a 24,439
Marijuana 20,445a 22,308 939 855 19,421a 21,412 290 308 20,093a 21,959
Cocaine 1,600 1,590 94 138 1,479 1,451 31 41 1,542 1,549
Crack 206 185 28 63 174 122 20 19 182 167
Heroin 298 291 22 65 269 224 19 25 271 263
Hallucinogens 1,371 1,626 92 80 1,278a 1,542 30 31 1,340 1,592
LSD 402 500 18 34 382 463 2 18 399 479
PCP 29 9 * * 29 9 * * 29 9
Ecstasy 635 623 32 19 601 604 19 7 614 617
Inhalants 352 489 1a 51 349 439 1 * 349 474
Methamphetamine 666a 910 80a 168 585 739 37 81 630 827
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 3,896 3,706 262 207 3,606 3,492 124 65 3,744 3,635
Pain Relievers 1,944 1,790 153 133 1,776 1,656 81 61 1,847 1,729
Stimulants 1,449 1,341 69 80 1,371 1,259 22 6 1,418 1,333
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,229 1,370 101 76 1,123 1,291 45 16 1,181 1,351
Tranquilizers 1,140 1,289 97 72 1,039 1,217 36 16 1,100 1,273
Sedatives 142 156 7 7 135 145 8 * 134 152
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 2,108 1,953 167 179 1,918 1,771 95 85 1,990 1,866
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 6,375 6,709 435 491 5,883 6,204 168 191 6,150 6,505
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 37,542 36,391 1,923 1,954 35,390 34,312 769 817 36,583 35,451
Cigarettes 30,118a 28,545 1,735 1,735 28,173a 26,688 716 715 29,232a 27,711
Daily Cigarettes 16,256a 15,203 1,057 1,118 15,097a 14,024 491 373 15,677 14,772
Smokeless Tobacco 5,600 5,899 279 315 5,290 5,572 140 152 5,442 5,735
Cigars 8,589a 7,965 482 444 8,044 7,493 200 199 8,326 7,738
Pipe Tobacco 1,510a 1,141 91 71 1,392a 1,067 40 36 1,445a 1,101
ALCOHOL 80,471 80,662 1,651 1,544 78,532 79,003 562 652 79,693 79,907
Binge Alcohol Use3 45,256 44,973 1,189 1,120 43,899 43,787 424 483 44,701 44,425
Heavy Alcohol Use 11,146 10,661 394 394 10,713 10,249 133 176 10,982 10,468
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 93,787 93,956 2,574 2,472 90,809 91,307 989 996 92,480 92,790
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 85,185 85,934 1,976 1,924 82,903 83,873 663 764 84,289 85,046
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 91,743 91,473 2,480 2,372 88,863 88,934 962 973 90,466 90,339
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.28B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Substance Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
ILLICIT DRUGS 17.1a 18.4 38.1 35.3 16.6a 18.1 31.8 32.7 17.0a 18.3
Marijuana 15.1a 16.5 31.3 28.0 14.8a 16.3 24.9 25.4 15.1a 16.4
Cocaine 1.2 1.2 3.1 4.5 1.1 1.1 2.7 3.3 1.2 1.2
Crack 0.2 0.1 0.9 2.1 0.1 0.1 1.7 1.5 0.1 0.1
Heroin 0.2 0.2 0.7 2.1 0.2 0.2 1.7 2.1 0.2 0.2
Hallucinogens 1.0 1.2 3.1 2.6 1.0a 1.2 2.6 2.5 1.0 1.2
LSD 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4
PCP 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 0.0
Ecstasy 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.5
Inhalants 0.3 0.4 0.0a 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 * 0.3 0.4
Methamphetamine 0.5a 0.7 2.7a 5.5 0.4 0.6 3.1 6.6 0.5 0.6
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 2.9 2.7 8.7 6.8 2.7 2.7 10.6 5.4 2.8 2.7
Pain Relievers 1.4 1.3 5.1 4.4 1.4 1.3 7.0 5.0 1.4 1.3
Stimulants 1.1 1.0 2.3 2.6 1.0 1.0 1.9 0.5 1.1 1.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.9 1.0 3.4 2.5 0.9 1.0 3.8 1.3 0.9 1.0
Tranquilizers 0.8 1.0 3.2 2.4 0.8 0.9 3.1 1.3 0.8 1.0
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 * 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.6 1.4 5.6 5.8 1.5 1.3 8.1 7.0 1.5 1.4
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 4.7 5.0 14.5 16.0 4.5 4.7 14.4 15.7 4.6 4.9
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 27.8 27.0 64.1 63.9 26.9 26.1 66.0 67.4 27.4 26.6
Cigarettes 22.3a 21.1 57.9 56.8 21.5a 20.3 61.5 58.9 21.9a 20.8
Daily Cigarettes 12.0a 11.3 35.3 36.6 11.5a 10.7 42.1a 30.7 11.8a 11.1
Smokeless Tobacco 4.1 4.4 9.3 10.3 4.0 4.2 12.0 12.5 4.1 4.3
Cigars 6.4a 5.9 16.1 14.5 6.1 5.7 17.1 16.4 6.2a 5.8
Pipe Tobacco 1.1a 0.8 3.0 2.3 1.1a 0.8 3.4 3.0 1.1a 0.8
ALCOHOL 59.6 59.7 55.1 50.5 59.8 60.0 48.2 53.8 59.8 59.9
Binge Alcohol Use3 33.5 33.3 39.7 36.6 33.4 33.3 36.4 39.8 33.5 33.3
Heavy Alcohol Use 8.3 7.9 13.2 12.9 8.2 7.8 11.4 14.5 8.2 7.8
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 69.5 69.6 85.9a 80.8 69.2 69.4 84.9 82.1 69.4 69.5
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 63.1 63.6 65.9 62.9 63.1 63.7 56.9 63.0 63.2 63.7
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 68.0 67.8 82.7a 77.6 67.7 67.6 82.6 80.2 67.9 67.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.29A – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 29,917a 33,636 1,269 1,255 28,501a 32,314 428 463 29,379a 33,108
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 23,073a 24,885 1,142 1,078 21,815a 23,757 370 397 22,609a 24,439
18-25 8,130 8,406 390 352 7,700 8,042 96 85 8,000 8,310
26-34 7,573a 8,475 402 382 7,119a 8,074 106 * 7,428a 8,330
35-49 7,371a 8,004 349 344 6,995 7,642 168 187 7,181 7,799
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 17,519a 19,545 856 937 16,550a 18,566 308 359 17,135a 19,145
Male 18-49 13,347a 14,291 756 801 12,494a 13,451 252 313 13,020a 13,940
Female 18 or Older 12,398a 14,091 413 319 11,951a 13,748 120 * 12,244a 13,963
Female 18-49 9,725a 10,594 385a 277 9,321a 10,306 118 * 9,589a 10,499
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.29B – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 12.0a 13.4 33.9 32.9 11.7a 13.1 28.0 30.8 11.9a 13.3
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 17.1a 18.4 38.1 35.3 16.6a 18.1 31.8 32.7 17.0a 18.3
18-25 23.9 24.9 43.0 42.8 23.4 24.5 38.2 34.4 23.7 24.9
26-34 18.9a 21.0 39.8 35.0 18.3a 20.6 28.7 * 18.8a 20.9
35-49 12.1a 13.1 32.3 30.1 11.7a 12.8 30.8 32.6 11.9 12.9
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 14.6a 16.2 33.0 35.2 14.1a 15.8 26.6 31.4 14.4a 16.0
Male 18-49 20.0a 21.4 36.9 37.4 19.4a 20.8 28.8 33.6 19.8a 21.2
Female 18 or Older 9.6a 10.9 35.8 27.6 9.4a 10.7 32.3 * 9.6a 10.8
Female 18-49 14.3a 15.6 40.7a 30.3 13.9a 15.4 40.7 * 14.2a 15.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.30A – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 7,412 7,419 775 781 6,601 6,618 324 278 7,052 7,118
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 6,169 6,250 648 687 5,485 5,543 238 232 5,894 5,996
18-25 2,599 2,514 219 211 2,373 2,300 57 39 2,534 2,470
26-34 2,022 2,084 207 208 1,798 1,862 60 * 1,944 1,984
35-49 1,548 1,653 222 267 1,315 1,382 120 * 1,416 1,542
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 4,621 4,489 501 551 4,103 3,927 228 190 4,374 4,288
Male 18-49 3,808 3,766 405 491 3,385 3,264 144 159 3,645 3,596
Female 18 or Older 2,791 2,931 275 231 2,498 2,691 95 * 2,677 2,831
Female 18-49 2,361 2,484 243 196 2,100 2,279 * * 2,249 2,400
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.30B – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 3.0 3.0 20.7 20.4 2.7 2.7 21.1 18.5 2.9 2.9
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 4.6 4.6 21.6 22.5 4.2 4.2 20.4 19.1 4.4 4.5
18-25 7.6 7.5 24.1 25.7 7.2 7.0 22.7 15.8 7.5 7.4
26-34 5.1 5.2 20.4 19.1 4.6 4.8 16.3 * 4.9 5.0
35-49 2.5 2.7 20.6 23.4 2.2 2.3 22.1 * 2.4 2.6
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 3.8 3.7 19.3 20.7 3.5 3.3 19.7 16.6 3.7 3.6
Male 18-49 5.7 5.6 19.8 22.9 5.3 5.1 16.5 17.1 5.5 5.5
Female 18 or Older 2.2 2.3 23.8 19.9 2.0 2.1 25.7 * 2.1 2.2
Female 18-49 3.5 3.6 25.6 21.5 3.1 3.4 * * 3.3 3.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.31A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 19,343 19,285 1,345 1,217 17,931 18,044 538 442 18,751 18,817
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 14,856 14,543 1,108 1,041 13,683 13,477 434 383 14,370 14,133
18-25 5,118a 4,771 352 310 4,745 4,454 104 69 5,002 4,692
26-34 4,785 4,968 391 336 4,376 4,619 140 * 4,628 4,815
35-49 4,953 4,804 364 395 4,562 4,405 191 * 4,741 4,626
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 12,189 12,094 959 840 11,186 11,239 411 329 11,742 11,750
Male 18-49 9,132 8,757 779 715 8,311 8,028 309 286 8,789 8,457
Female 18 or Older 7,154 7,191 385 377 6,745 6,804 * * 7,009 7,066
Female 18-49 5,725 5,786 329 327 5,372 5,450 * * 5,582 5,677
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200420
Table 6.31B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2018)		 Total1
(2019)		 On Probation
(2018)		 On Probation
(2019)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2019)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2019)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 7.8 7.7 35.9 31.9 7.3 7.3 35.2 29.4 7.6 7.6
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 11.0 10.8 37.0 34.1 10.4 10.2 37.2 31.6 10.8 10.6
18-25 15.0 14.1 38.8 37.8 14.4 13.6 41.1 28.2 14.8 14.1
26-34 12.0 12.3 38.7 30.7 11.3 11.8 37.9 * 11.7 12.1
35-49 8.1 7.9 33.8 34.6 7.7 7.4 35.0 * 7.9 7.7
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 10.1 10.0 37.0 31.5 9.6 9.5 35.5 28.8 9.9 9.8
Male 18-49 13.7 13.1 38.0 33.3 12.9 12.4 35.3 30.7 13.4 12.8
Female 18 or Older 5.6 5.6 33.5 32.6 5.3 5.3 * * 5.5 5.5
Female 18-49 8.4 8.5 34.8 35.8 8.0 8.1 * * 8.3 8.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.32A – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Ever Had a
Substance Use Problem1
(2018)		 Ever Had a
Substance Use Problem1
(2019)		 Ever Had a
Mental Health Issue2
(2018)		 Ever Had a
Mental Health Issue2
(2019)
TOTAL 27,207 28,200 43,649a 48,488
AGE GROUP        
18-25 2,367 2,504 8,898a 10,378
26 or Older 24,841 25,696 34,751a 38,110
26-49 12,662 13,184 20,239a 22,813
50 or Older 12,178 12,512 14,512 15,297
GENDER        
Male 17,079 17,382 17,036a 18,839
Female 10,129 10,818 26,613a 29,649
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 24,282 25,092 39,080a 42,884
White 20,886 21,565 33,423a 35,693
Black or African American 2,092 1,927 2,917a 3,893
AIAN 193 183 219 282
NHOPI * 73 116 111
Asian 510 594 1,487 1,604
Two or More Races 503a 750 918a 1,301
Hispanic or Latino 2,925 3,108 4,570a 5,604
EDUCATION        
< High School 2,881 2,793 3,306a 3,988
High School Graduate 6,627 6,330 8,031 8,727
Some College/Associate's Degree 9,471 9,925 15,638a 17,429
College Graduate 8,229 9,151 16,674a 18,344
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT        
Full-Time 14,844 14,938 21,164a 23,848
Part-Time 3,390 3,875 7,567a 8,455
Unemployed 1,242 1,462 2,020a 2,371
Other3 7,732 7,925 12,898 13,814
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a problem with their drug or alcohol use.
2 Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a problem with their mental health.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.32B – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic Ever Had a
Substance Use Problem1
(2018)		 Ever Had a
Substance Use Problem1
(2019)		 Ever Had a
Mental Health Issue2
(2018)		 Ever Had a
Mental Health Issue2
(2019)
TOTAL 11.0 11.4 17.7a 19.5
AGE GROUP        
18-25 7.0 7.5 26.4a 31.1
26 or Older 11.7 11.9 16.3a 17.7
26-49 12.7 13.1 20.2a 22.7
50 or Older 10.8 10.9 12.8 13.4
GENDER        
Male 14.3 14.5 14.3a 15.7
Female 7.9 8.4 20.8a 23.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 11.7 12.1 18.9a 20.7
White 13.3 13.7 21.3a 22.7
Black or African American 7.2 6.5 10.0a 13.2
AIAN 13.0 13.3 14.6 20.4
NHOPI * 7.5 12.6 11.3
Asian 3.7 4.2 10.5 11.2
Two or More Races 11.7a 17.1 21.5a 29.8
Hispanic or Latino 7.3 7.6 11.4a 13.7
EDUCATION        
< High School 9.5 9.4 10.8a 13.4
High School Graduate 10.9 10.5 13.2a 14.5
Some College/Associate's Degree 12.4 13.0 20.4a 22.8
College Graduate 10.4 11.2 21.1 22.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT        
Full-Time 12.1 12.1 17.2a 19.3
Part-Time 10.6 12.0 23.7a 26.2
Unemployed 12.6 14.9 20.5a 24.1
Other3 9.4 9.6 15.7 16.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a problem with their drug or alcohol use.
2 Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a problem with their mental health.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.33A – Perceived Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2019)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2019)
TOTAL 20,221 21,233 30,833a 33,971
AGE GROUP        
18-25 1,627 1,720 5,859a 6,791
26 or Older 18,594 19,512 24,974a 27,181
26-49 8,961 9,602 13,643a 15,677
50 or Older 9,633 9,911 11,331 11,503
GENDER        
Male 12,642 13,207 11,613a 13,201
Female 7,579 8,026 19,221a 20,770
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 18,011 18,875 27,728a 30,111
White 15,706 16,400 23,873a 25,450
Black or African American 1,374 1,382 1,864a 2,344
AIAN 155 153 155 187
NHOPI * 62 85 69
Asian 364 335 1,134 1,176
Two or More Races 320a 544 618a 885
Hispanic or Latino 2,210 2,358 3,105a 3,860
EDUCATION        
< High School 2,205 2,166 2,065a 2,526
High School Graduate 4,971 4,849 5,347 5,642
Some College/Associate's Degree 7,266 7,878 10,644a 12,012
College Graduate 5,779 6,340 12,778 13,792
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT        
Full-Time 10,627 10,884 15,244a 17,130
Part-Time 2,465 2,908 5,551 5,971
Unemployed 798a 1,105 1,259 1,502
Other3 6,330 6,336 8,780 9,369
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a substance use problem or for perceived recovery from their substance use problem.
2 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a mental health issue or for perceived recovery from their mental health issue.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.33B – Perceived Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2019)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2019)
TOTAL 8.2 8.6 12.5a 13.7
AGE GROUP        
18-25 4.8 5.2 17.4a 20.4
26 or Older 8.7 9.1 11.7a 12.7
26-49 9.0 9.6 13.6a 15.6
50 or Older 8.5 8.7 10.0 10.1
GENDER        
Male 10.6 11.0 9.7a 11.0
Female 5.9 6.2 15.1a 16.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.7 9.1 13.4a 14.5
White 10.0 10.4 15.2a 16.3
Black or African American 4.7 4.7 6.4a 8.0
AIAN 10.5 11.1 10.3 13.6
NHOPI * 6.3 9.2 7.0
Asian 2.6 2.3 8.0 8.2
Two or More Races 7.5a 12.5 14.5a 20.3
Hispanic or Latino 5.5 5.8 7.7a 9.5
EDUCATION        
< High School 7.3 7.3 6.8a 8.5
High School Graduate 8.2 8.1 8.8 9.4
Some College/Associate's Degree 9.5 10.3 13.9a 15.7
College Graduate 7.3 7.7 16.2 16.8
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT        
Full-Time 8.7 8.8 12.4a 13.9
Part-Time 7.7 9.0 17.4 18.5
Unemployed 8.1a 11.3 12.8 15.3
Other3 7.7 7.7 10.7 11.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a substance use problem or for perceived recovery from their substance use problem.
2 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a mental health issue or for perceived recovery from their mental health issue.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.34A – Perceived Recovery from a Substance Use Problem among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem and Perceived Recovery from a Mental Health Issue among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2019)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2019)
TOTAL 20,221 21,233 30,833a 33,971
AGE GROUP        
18-25 1,627 1,720 5,859a 6,791
26 or Older 18,594 19,512 24,974a 27,181
26-49 8,961 9,602 13,643a 15,677
50 or Older 9,633 9,911 11,331 11,503
GENDER        
Male 12,642 13,207 11,613a 13,201
Female 7,579 8,026 19,221a 20,770
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 18,011 18,875 27,728a 30,111
White 15,706 16,400 23,873a 25,450
Black or African American 1,374 1,382 1,864a 2,344
AIAN * * * *
NHOPI * * * *
Asian * * 1,134 1,176
Two or More Races * 544 618a 885
Hispanic or Latino 2,210 2,358 3,105a 3,860
EDUCATION        
< High School 2,205 2,166 2,065a 2,526
High School Graduate 4,971 4,849 5,347 5,642
Some College/Associate's Degree 7,266 7,878 10,644a 12,012
College Graduate 5,779 6,340 12,778 13,792
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT        
Full-Time 10,627 10,884 15,244a 17,130
Part-Time 2,465 2,908 5,551 5,971
Unemployed 798a 1,105 1,259 1,502
Other3 6,330 6,336 8,780 9,369
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a substance use problem or for perceived recovery from their substance use problem.
2 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a mental health issue or for perceived recovery from their mental health issue.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.
200401
Table 6.34B – Perceived Recovery from a Substance Use Problem among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem and Perceived Recovery from a Mental Health Issue among Persons Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2018 and 2019
Demographic Characteristic In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Substance Use Problem1
(2019)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2018)		 In Recovery from a
Mental Health Issue2
(2019)
TOTAL 74.5 75.5 71.1 70.7
AGE GROUP        
18-25 68.9 69.0 66.4 65.9
26 or Older 75.0 76.2 72.3 72.0
26-49 70.9 73.3 67.8 69.2
50 or Older 79.4 79.2 78.6 76.4
GENDER        
Male 74.1 76.1 68.7 70.7
Female 75.2 74.6 72.7 70.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 74.4 75.4 71.5 70.9
White 75.3 76.2 71.9 71.9
Black or African American 65.7 71.9 65.3 61.4
AIAN * * * *
NHOPI * * * *
Asian * * 76.4 73.9
Two or More Races * 73.5 67.5 68.4
Hispanic or Latino 75.6 76.4 68.2 69.4
EDUCATION        
< High School 77.0 78.1 62.9 65.1
High School Graduate 75.1 76.9 67.4 65.4
Some College/Associate's Degree 77.0 79.6 68.4 69.5
College Graduate 70.3 69.5 77.1 75.5
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT        
Full-Time 71.8 73.1 72.5 72.3
Part-Time 72.9 75.4 73.9 71.1
Unemployed 64.3a 76.3 63.2 63.6
Other3 82.0 80.1 68.5 69.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2019 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a substance use problem or for perceived recovery from their substance use problem.
2 Respondents were asked if they perceived themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Excluded were respondents with unknown information for ever having a mental health issue or for perceived recovery from their mental health issue.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2018 and 2019.

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