Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)
2010

This report was prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ), by Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., Arlington, Virginia. Work was performed under Task Order HHSS283200700048I/HHSS28342001T, Reference No. 283-07-4803 (Cathie Alderks, Task Order Officer).

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated. However, this publication may not be reproduced or distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2010. Discharges from Substance Abuse Treatment Services. BHSIS Series S-67, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4817. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013.

Title Page

Acknowledgments

List of Tables

List of Figures

Highlights

Chapter 1. Discharge Data Description and Data Overview for All Types of Service: 2010

Chapter 2. Outpatient Treatment Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 3. Intensive Outpatient Treatment Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 4. Short-Term Residential Treatment Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 5. Long-Term Residential Treatment Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 6. Hospital Residential Treatment Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 7. Detoxification Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 8. Outpatient Medication-Assisted Opioid Therapy Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Chapter 9. Medication-Assisted Opioid Detoxification Discharges Aged 12 and Older: 2010

Appendix A. About the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)

Appendix B. TEDS Data Elements

List of Tables

Discharge Data Description and Data Overview for All Types of Service

1.1a Discharges aged 12 and older, by state or jurisdiction and year of admission: 2010.
Number

1.1b Discharges aged 12 and older, by state or jurisdiction and year of admission: 2010.
Percent distribution

1.2a Discharges aged 12 and older, by state or jurisdiction and type of service: 2010.
Number

1.2b Discharges aged 12 and older, by state or jurisdiction and type of service: 2010.
Percent distribution

1.3a Discharges aged 12 and older, by state or jurisdiction and reason for discharge: 2010.
Number

1.3b Discharges aged 12 and older, by state or jurisdiction and reason for discharge: 2010.
Percent distribution

1.4 Discharges aged 12 and older, by type of service and reason for discharge: 2010.
Number, percent distribution by type of service and reason for discharge, and median length of stay (LOS)

1.5a Discharges aged 12 and older, by characteristics at admission and type of service: 2010
Number

1.5b Discharges aged 12 and older, by selected characteristics at admission and type of service: 2010
Number

1.5c Discharges aged 12 and older, by selected characteristics at discharge and type of service: 2010
Number

1.6a Discharges aged 12 and older, by characteristics at admission and type of service: 2010
Percent distribution of characteristics at admission

1.6b Discharges aged 12 and older, by selected characteristics at admission and type of service: 2010
Percent distribution of selected characteristics at admission

1.6c Discharges aged 12 and older, by selected characteristics at discharge and type of service: 2010
Percent distribution of selected characteristics at discharge

1.7a Discharges aged 12 and older, by characteristics at admission and type of service: 2010
Percent completing treatment or transferring to further treatment

1.7b Discharges aged 12 and older, by selected characteristics at admission and type of service: 2010
Percent completing treatment or transferring to further treatment

1.7c Discharges aged 12 and older, by selected characteristics at discharge and
type of service: 2010
Percent completing treatment or transferring to further treatment

Outpatient Treatment

2.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

2.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010.
Number

2.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

2.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

2.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

2.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

2.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Intensive Outpatient Treatment

3.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

3.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

3.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

3.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

3.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

3.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

3.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Short-Term Residential Treatment

4.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

4.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

4.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

4.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

4.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS).

4.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

4.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Long-Term Residential Treatment

5.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

5.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

5.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

5.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

5.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS).

5.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

5.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Hospital Residential Treatment

6.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

6.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

6.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

6.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

6.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS).

6.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

6.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Detoxification

7.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

7.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

7.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

7.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

7.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

7.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

7.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Outpatient Medication-Assisted Opioid Therapy

8.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

8.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

8.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

8.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

8.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS).

8.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

8.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Medication-Assisted Opioid Detoxification

9.1 Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification, by state or jurisdiction, according to reason for discharge: 2010.
Number and percent distribution

9.2a Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. Characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

9.2b Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. Selected characteristics at admission, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

9.2c Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. Selected characteristics at discharge, by reason for discharge: 2010
Number

9.3a Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. Characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS).

9.3b Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. Selected characteristics at admission, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

9.3c Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. Selected characteristics at discharge, by treatment completion/transfer: 2010
Number, percent distribution, treatment completion/transfer rate, and median length of stay (LOS)

Appendix A: About the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)

Appendix Table 1. State data system reporting characteristics: 2010

Appendix Table 2. Item percentage response rate: Discharge Data Set 2010

List of Figures

Discharge Data Description and Data Overview for All Types of Service

1.1 Type of service at discharge: 2010

1.2 Reason for discharge: 2010

1.3 Reason for discharge, by type of service: 2010

1.4 Median length of stay (LOS), by reason for discharge and type of service: 2010

Outpatient Treatment

2.1 Reason for discharge from outpatient treatment: 2010

2.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in outpatient treatment, by reason for discharge: 2010

Intensive Outpatient Treatment

3.1 Reason for discharge from intensive outpatient treatment: 2010

3.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in intensive outpatient treatment, by reason for discharge: 2010

Short-Term Residential Treatment

4.1 Reason for discharge from short-term residential treatment: 2010

4.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in short-term residential treatment, by reason for discharge: 2010

Long-Term Residential Treatment

5.1 Reason for discharge from long-term residential treatment: 2010

5.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in long-term residential treatment, by reason for discharge: 2010

Hospital Residential Treatment

6.1 Reason for discharge from hospital residential treatment: 2010

6.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in hospital residential treatment, by reason for discharge: 2010

Detoxification

7.1 Reason for discharge from detoxification: 2010

7.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in detoxification, by reason for discharge: 2010

Outpatient Medication-Assisted Opioid Therapy

8.1 Reason for discharge from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy: 2010

8.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy, by reason for discharge: 2010

Medication-Assisted Opioid Detoxification

9.1 Reason for discharge from medication-assisted opioid detoxification: 2010

9.2 Median length of stay (LOS) in medication-assisted opioid detoxification, by reason for discharge: 2010

This report presents results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for discharges aged 12 and older from substance abuse treatment in 2010. The report provides information on treatment completion, length of stay in treatment, and demographic and substance abuse characteristics of discharges from alcohol or drug treatment in facilities that reported to individual State administrative data systems. Data are presented for specific service types rather than for treatment episodes, which can involve treatment in multiple service types.¹

• Forty-seven States and jurisdictions submitted 1,839,079 eligible records for discharges aged 12 and older occurring in 2010. (The District of Columbia, Georgia, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia submitted no data or incomplete data for 2010 by October 15, 2012, and are excluded from this report.)
  
• Ninety-two percent of the eligible records (n = 1,697,010) could be linked to a TEDS admission record from 2000 through 2010. The 1,697,010 linked discharge records form the basis for this report [Tables 1.1a-b].

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Type of Service

Of the 1,697,010 discharges aged 12 and older in 2010 [Table 1.2b]:

• 46 percent were discharged from outpatient treatment
  
• 19 percent were discharged from detoxification
  
• 12 percent were discharged from intensive outpatient treatment
  
• 10 percent were discharged from short-term residential treatment
  
• 8 percent were discharged from long-term residential treatment
  
• 6 percent were discharged from medication-assisted (i.e., using methadone or buprenorphine) opioid therapy or detoxification
  
• Less than 1 percent were discharged from hospital residential treatment
  

Reason for Discharge

Of the 1,697,010 discharges aged 12 and older in 2010 [Table 1.3b]:

• 44 percent of the discharges completed treatment
  
• 26 percent of the discharges dropped out of treatment
  
• 15 percent of the discharges were transferred to further treatment
• 7 percent of the discharges had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 2 percent of the discharges were incarcerated
  
• Less than 1 percent of the discharges failed to complete treatment because they died
  
• 5 percent of the discharges failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Treatment Completion by Service Type

The treatment completion rate was 44 percent for discharges aged 12 and older from all service types combined. For the individual service types, treatment was completed by [Table 1.4]:

• 67 percent of discharges from detoxification
  
• 52 percent of discharges from short-term residential treatment
  
• 52 percent of discharges from medication-assisted opioid detoxification
  
• 49 percent of discharges from hospital residential treatment
  
• 46 percent of discharges from long-term residential treatment
  
• 38 percent of discharges from outpatient treatment
  
• 33 percent of discharges from intensive outpatient treatment
  
• 14 percent of discharges from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy
  

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

The median LOS in treatment by type of service was [Table 1.4]:

• 135 days for discharges from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy
  
• 78 days for discharges from outpatient treatment
  
• 58 days for discharges from long-term residential treatment
  
• 57 days for discharges from intensive outpatient treatment
  
• 22 days for discharges from short-term residential treatment
  
• 7 days for discharges from hospital residential treatment
  
• 5 days for discharges from medication-assisted opioid detoxification
  
• 4 days for discharges from detoxification

The median LOS by type of service, limited to only those who completed treatment, was [Table 1.4]:

• 176 days for discharges completing outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy
  
• 115 days for discharges completing outpatient treatment
  
• 90 days for discharges completing long-term residential treatment
  
• 85 days for discharges completing intensive outpatient treatment
  
• 27 days for discharges completing short-term residential treatment
  
• 13 days for discharges completing hospital residential treatment
  
• 4 days for discharges completing medication-assisted opioid detoxification
  
• 4 days for discharges completing detoxification

To Table of Contents

Data Definitions
Data Overview
Reason for Discharge by Type of Service
Median Length of Stay (LOS) by Type of Service and Reason for Discharge
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion or Transfer to Further Treatment

This report presents data from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for discharges from treatment in 2010. It is a companion to the reports Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2000-2010 National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment and Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2000-2010 State Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment. These reports provide information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of substance abuse treatment admissions and discharges aged 12 and older in facilities that report to individual state administrative data systems.^1,2 Data in this report include records for discharges during calendar year 2010 that were received and processed through October 15, 2012.³ New to this report is the inclusion of other ‘selected characteristics’ (i.e. arrests in past 30 days, detailed not in labor force, employment status, frequency of use, living arrangements, primary substance of abuse, and self-help programs attended in past 30 days) to analyze changes from admission to discharge among linked admission-discharge records. Primary substance of abuse, frequency of use, and employment status characteristics at admission are repeated in several sections (where the characteristics are compared with total discharges, where completion/transfer rates are discussed, and where median LOS is discussed). This is done so that the characteristics at admission and discharge can be appropriately compared with each other and to ensure the inclusion of important data that might otherwise be overlooked.

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.
² Includes only discharges aged 16 and above for employment status and aged 18 and older for years of education.
³ For researchers interested in more detailed analysis, TEDS public use files are available for online data analysis or download at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, which can be accessed at http://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov.
Summary data for individual states that have submitted the full year of data are available online through the Quick Statistics website at http://wwwdasis.samhsa.gov/webt/NewMapv1.htm.

Category “6 to 96” for the “Arrest in past 30 days” is excluded from the analysis because of the large variance; and the category “Some attendance, but frequency unknown” for the “Self-help program attended in past 30 days” is excluded from the analysis because the actual number of program attendance of an individual is unknown.

TEDS does not include all admissions to substance abuse treatment. It includes admissions to facilities that are licensed or certified by a state substance abuse agency to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked for other reasons). In general, facilities reporting TEDS data are those that receive state alcohol and/or drug agency funds (including federal block grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment services. Additional information on the history and methodology of TEDS and this report as well as important issues related to state data collection systems are detailed in Appendix A.

TEDS is an admission-based system, and TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. Thus, an individual admitted to and discharged from treatment twice within a calendar year is counted as two discharges.

Data in this report are presented for specific service types rather than for treatment episodes, which can involve treatment in multiple service types. States are asked to submit a record for each initial admission to a treatment service, for each transfer from one service to another, and for a discharge corresponding to each admission or transfer. The linked pairs of admission/transfer and discharge records enable analyses of treatment completion and length of stay (LOS) in treatment in specific service types.

This chapter describes the discharge data and provides an overview of the linked admission/discharge records for discharges aged 12 and older in 2010. Some tables in this report present data by state or jurisdiction. It is important to note that comparisons between and across states and jurisdictions should be made with caution. There are many factors (e.g., facilities included, clients included, ability to track multi-service episodes, services offered, and completeness and timeliness of reporting) that can affect comparability. See Appendix A for a full discussion.

Data Definitions

Type of Service

Data are presented for each of eight different types of service (listed below). The first six service types exclude records where medication-assisted (i.e., with methadone or buprenorphine) opioid therapy or detoxification was planned as part of treatment; the other two service types include only medication-assisted opioid therapy or detoxification records:

• Outpatient ­treatment—Includes individual, family, and/or group services and may include pharmacological therapies
  
• Intensive outpatient treatment—A minimum of 2 or more hours per day for 3 or more days per week
  
• Short-term residential treatment—Typically, 30 days or fewer of non-acute care in a setting with treatment services for substance abuse and dependency
  
• Long-term residential treatment—Typically, more than 30 days of non-acute care in a setting with treatment services for substance abuse and dependence; may include transitional living arrangements such as halfway houses
  
• Hospital residential treatment—24-hour per day medical care in a hospital facility in conjunction with treatment services for substance abuse and dependence; excludes detoxification
  
• Detoxification—Includes free-standing residential detoxification (78 percent of detoxification discharges), hospital detoxification (19 percent), and outpatient detoxification (3 percent)
  
  • Free-standing residential detoxification—24-hour per day services in a non-hospital setting providing for safe withdrawal and transition to ongoing treatment
    
  • Hospital detoxification—24-hour per day acute medical care services in a hospital setting for persons with severe medical complications associated with withdrawal
  • Outpatient detoxification—Treatment services providing for safe withdrawal in an outpatient setting
    
• Outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy—Outpatient or intensive outpatient treatment services (95 percent and 5 percent of outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges, respectively) where medication-assisted therapy with methadone or buprenorphine was planned
  
• Medication-assisted opioid detoxification—Detoxification services where medication-assisted therapy with methadone or buprenorphine was planned; includes outpatient detoxification, free-standing residential detoxification, and hospital detoxification (43 percent, 32 percent, and 25 percent of medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges, respectively)

Reason for Discharge

The reasons for discharge from substance abuse treatment tabulated in this report include:

• Completed treatment—Client completed all parts of the treatment plan or program
  
• Transferred to another substance abuse program or facility—Client was transferred to another substance abuse treatment service type, program, provider, or facility; except when it is known that the client did not report to the next program
  
• Dropped out—Client chose not to complete the treatment program, with or without specific advice to continue treatment; includes clients who dropped out for unknown reasons and clients who had not received treatment for some time and received administrative discharges
  
• Terminated by facility—Treatment was terminated by the action of the facility, generally because of client non-compliance or violation of rules, laws, or procedures; excludes client drop-out, incarceration, or client-motivated reason for discontinuance
  
• Incarcerated—Treatment was terminated because the client was incarcerated (jail, prison, house confinement)
  
• Death
  
• Other—Client left treatment for other specified reasons (e.g., client moved, became ill, was hospitalized, or other reason somewhat out of client’s control)

Because both treatment completion and transfer to further treatment represent positive conclusions to a treatment episode or component of a treatment episode, their rates are combined in some of the analyses.

Length of Stay (LOS) in Treatment

The length of stay (LOS) in days was calculated for each record by subtracting the date of admission from the date of last contact. For all outpatient service types, one day was added so that both the day of admission and the day of last contact were counted as days on which services were delivered. For hospital and residential service types, this was not done, and records where the date of admission and the date of last contact were the same (LOS = 0 days) were excluded from the analysis. The measure of LOS used in this report is the median—the number of days at which half of all discharges had taken place.

Linkage of discharge records from 2010 to admission records from 2000 to 2010 means that the maximum LOS in treatment included in this report is 11 years. However, outpatient medication- assisted opioid therapy can have a much longer duration. Indeed, some admissions may receive this form of treatment for an indefinite period. Because this report includes data only on discharges, it will underestimate LOS in treatment for those receiving outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Similarly, the number and proportion of treatment completers will reflect only those who have been discharged because treatment is complete and not those who successfully remain in long-term outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. In addition, the characteristics at admission of those admitted to and discharged from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy within 11 years may differ from those of admissions who remain in outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy for longer than 11 years.

Data Overview

Forty-seven States and jurisdictions submitted 1,839,079 eligible records for clients aged 12 and older discharged in 2010. (The District of Columbia, Georgia, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia submitted no data or incomplete data for 2010 by October 15, 2012, and are excluded from this report.)

Tables 1.1a-b. Of the 1,839,079 eligible discharge records, 92 percent (n = 1,697,010) could be linked to a TEDS admission or transfer record from 2000 through 2010. These 1,697,010 records form the basis of this report. Most of the 2010 discharge records linked to an admission or transfer occurring in 2010 (72 percent of the total discharge records). Eighteen percent linked to an admission or transfer occurring in 2009; 2 percent linked to records from 2000 to 2008.

Type of Service

Tables 1.2a-b.These tables present type of service at discharge by State for 2010 discharges aged 12 and older. There was considerable State-to-State variability in the combination of service types available and in the proportions discharged from each of these service types.

Figure 1.1 illustrates the overall distribution of service type among all 2010 discharges aged 12 and older: the majority were discharged from an outpatient service type—46 percent from outpatient treatment and 12 percent from intensive outpatient treatment, 19 percent were from detoxification, 10 percent were from short-term residential treatment, 8 percent were from long-term residential treatment, 6 percent were from medication-assisted opioid therapy or detoxification, and less than 1 percent were from hospital residential treatment.

Reason for Discharge

Tables 1.3a-b. These tables present reason for discharge by state or jurisdiction. However, the “Other” category does not include data for “Death” and “Incarcerated.”

Figure 1.2 illustrates the overall distribution of reason for discharge among 2010 discharges aged 12 and over. Almost half (44 percent) of all discharges aged 12 and over completed treatment. Another 15 percent were transferred to further substance abuse treatment. Twenty-six percent dropped out of treatment, 7 percent had their treatment terminated at the facility’s request, 2 percent were incarcerated during treatment, and 5 percent failed to complete treatment for other reasons.

Reason for Discharge by Type of Service

Table 1.4 and Figure 1.3 present reason for discharge by type of service. The treatment completion rate was highest among discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification (67 percent), followed by 52 percent among discharges from medication-assisted opioid detoxification. The completion rates for residential treatment (52 percent for short-term residential treatment, 49 percent for hospital residential treatment, and 46 percent for long-term residential treatment) were higher than in the less structured outpatient settings (38 percent for outpatient treatment, 33 percent for intensive outpatient treatment, and 14 percent for outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy treatment).

Transfer to further substance abuse treatment was most common among discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment (24 percent) followed by outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy (22 percent), intensive outpatient treatment (21 percent), short-term residential treatment (18 percent), and medication-assisted opioid detoxification (17 percent).

Treatment dropout was highest among discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy (39 percent) and outpatient treatment (30 percent).

Median Length of Stay (LOS) by Type of Service and Reason for Discharge

Table 1.4. The median LOS was longest for discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy (135 days), followed by outpatient treatment (78 days), long-term residential treatment (58 days), and intensive outpatient treatment (57 days). The median LOS for all discharges from short-term residential treatment was 22 days; from hospital residential treatment, 7 days; from medication-assisted opioid detoxification, 5 days; and from detoxification, 4 days.

Figure 1.4.In all service types except medication-assisted opioid detoxification, the median LOS for discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment was longer than or equal to those who transferred to further treatment or who did not complete treatment. Among discharges aged 12 and older completing treatment, the median LOS was longest for outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy (176 days), followed by outpatient treatment (115 days), long-term residential treatment (90 days), and intensive outpatient treatment (85 days). The median LOS for treatment completers in short-term residential treatment was 27 days; in hospital residential treatment, 13 days; in medication-assisted opioid detoxification, 4 days; and in detoxification, 4 days.

Characteristics at Admission

Tables 1.5a and 1.6a summarize the number and percent distribution of characteristics at admission, by service type for all discharges aged 12 and older. Summary findings of the admission characteristics of all discharges aged 12 and older combined include:

• 67 percent of all discharges were male
  
• The age group 21 to 30 years represented 30 percent of discharges and the age groups 31 to 40 years and 41 to 50 years each represented 22 percent of discharges, while the age groups 12 to 20 and over age 50 represented 14 percent and 11 percent of discharges, respectively
  
• 60 percent of all discharges were non-Hispanic White
  
• Alcohol was the most common primary substance of abuse, reported by 40 percent of all discharges
  
• 38 percent of all discharges reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry; 29 percent reported no use in the past month
  
• 59 percent of all discharges had been in treatment at least once prior to the current episode
  
• 36 percent of all discharges were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system; 33 percent were self- or individual referrals
  
• 78 percent of all discharges were unemployed or not in the labor force
  
• 75 percent of all discharges reported completing 12 or fewer years of education

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Tables 1.5b and 1.6b summarize the number and percent distribution of selected characteristics at admission, by service type for all discharges aged 12 and older. Summary findings of the selected admission characteristics of all discharges aged 12 and older combined include:

• 91 percent of all discharges were not arrested in the past 30 days
  
• 52 percent of all discharges reported being in a labor force category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled or institutional inmate; 19 percent of all discharges reported being disabled
  
• 78 percent of all discharges were unemployed or not in the labor force
  
• 38 percent of all discharges reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry; 29 percent reported no use in the past month
  
• 65 percent of all discharges reported living independently
  
• Alcohol was the most common primary substance of use, reported by 40 percent of all discharges
  
• 74 percent of all discharges reported not attending any self help programs in the past 30 days
  

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Tables 1.5c and 1.6c summarize the number and percent distribution of selected characteristics at discharge, by service type for all discharges aged 12 and older. Summary findings of the selected discharge characteristics of all discharges aged 12 and older combined include:

• 95 percent of all discharges were not arrested in the past 30 days
• 46 percent of all discharges reported being in a labor force category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled or institutional inmate; 21 percent of all discharges reported being disabled
  
• 73 percent of all discharges were unemployed or not in the labor force
  
• 56 percent of all discharges reported no substance use in the past month; 25 percent of all discharges reported some substance use in the past month
  
• 66 percent of all discharges reported living independently
  
• 35 percent of all discharges reported alcohol as the primary substance
  
• 61 percent of all discharges reported not attending any self help programs in the past 30 days

Characteristics at Admission by Type of Service

Table 1.6a. Although the characteristics at admission of discharges aged 12 and older varied by service type, some general observations can be made.

• Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient and intensive outpatient treatment, compared with discharges aged 12 and older from other service types, were generally younger, more likely to be entering treatment for the first time, and more likely to be employed. They were more likely to report marijuana and less likely to report opiates as the primary substance. They were more likely to have been referred to treatment through the criminal justice system and to have used the primary substance less than daily in the month before treatment entry.
  
• Discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification, outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy, and medication-assisted opioid detoxification, compared with discharges aged 12 and older from other service types, were generally older and more likely to be of Hispanic origin. They were more likely to be self- or individual referrals to treatment, and less likely to be referred by the criminal justice system. They were more likely to report opiates as the primary substance as compared with others. (A high proportion of discharges from detoxification also reported alcohol.) They were more likely to report daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry and to have one or more prior treatment episodes.
  
• Discharges aged 12 and older from short-term and long-term residential treatment, compared with discharges aged 12 and older from other service types, were more likely to report cocaine as the primary substance and to be unemployed or not in the labor force. They were more likely to have been in treatment before, and to have been referred to treatment through a health care or community provider.
  
• Discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment, compared with discharges aged 12 and older from other service types, were generally older, more likely to be non-Hispanic White, to have more than 12 years of education, and to be unemployed or not in the labor force. They were more likely to report alcohol as the primary substance and to report daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry.
  

Treatment Completion or Transfer to Further Treatment

Table 1.7a presents the percentage of all discharges aged 12 and older either completing treatment or transferring to further treatment by service type and selected characteristics at admission. For all service types combined, the treatment completion/transfer rate was 60 percent.

Completion/transfer rates were generally similar within admission characteristics, but varied widely by service type. Treatment completion/transfer rates ranged from 36 percent among discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy to 77 percent among discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification, while the largest variation by admission characteristic was for primary substance, ranging from 33 percent for opiates to 66 percent for alcohol.

Some general observations can be made about the completion/transfer rate for all discharges aged 12 and older combined:

• The treatment completion/transfer rate increased with education
  
• For known primary substance of abuse, the treatment completion/transfer rates were highest for alcohol (66 percent), followed by stimulants and cocaine (62 percent and 56 percent, respectively)
  
• The treatment completion/transfer rate was higher among those who were employed than among those who were unemployed or not in the labor force
  
• The treatment completion/transfer rate was lower among non-Hispanic Blacks or those of Hispanic origin (56 percent and 57 percent, respectively) than among non-Hispanic Whites (61 percent)

To Tables

To Table of Contents

Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 2 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 772,881 discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment in 2010.¹ All 47 reporting States and jurisdictions had discharges from this type of service [Table 2.1]. Outpatient treatment in this chapter excludes intensive outpatient treatment (Chapter 3), outpatient detoxification (Chapter 7), and outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy (Chapter 8).

Reason for Discharge

Table 2.1 and Figure 2.1. Of the 772,881 discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment in 2010:

• 38 percent (n = 296,305) completed treatment
  
• 30 percent (n = 231,429) dropped out of treatment
  
• 15 percent (n = 112,574) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 8 percent (n = 60,539) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 9 percent (n = 72,034) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 2.2. Outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older had a median LOS of 78 days in 2010. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older was:

• 115 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 71 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 55 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 29 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 70 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older displayed some major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined:

• 27 percent reported marijuana as the primary substance of abuse compared with 18 percent of all discharges; 12 percent reported opiates compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 43 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges; 19 percent reported daily substance use compared with 38 percent of all discharges
  
• 50 percent had no prior treatment episodes compared with 41 percent of all discharges
• 52 percent were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system compared with 36 percent of all discharges; 20 percent were self- or individual referrals compared with 33 percent of all discharges
  
• 69 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of outpatient discharges aged 12 and older:

• 30 percent reported being students compared with 17 percent of all discharges; 37 percent reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 52 percent of all discharges
  
• 69 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  
• 43 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 29 percent of all discharges; 19 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 38 percent of all discharges
  
• 27 percent reported marijuana as the primary substance of abuse compared with 18 percent of all discharges; 12 percent reported opiates as the primary substance of abuse compared with 22 percent of all discharges

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older displayed these differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of outpatient discharges aged 12 and older:

• 29 percent reported being students compared with 20 percent of all discharges; 35 percent reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 46 percent of all discharges
  
• 37 percent reported being employed compared with 27 percent of all discharges
  
• 63 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges
  
• 74 percent reported living independently compared with 66 percent of all discharges
  
• 73 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in the past month compared with 61 percent of all discharges

Treatment Completion

Tables 2.2a-b-c and 2.3a-b-c. Tables 2.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient treatment by reason for discharge. Tables 2.3a-b-c are based on Tables 2.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 2.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 53 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and years of education—higher completion/transfer rates among outpatient treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges aged 12 to 20 to 58 percent among discharges older than 50 years
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 46 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 57 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • No prior treatment episodes—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges with one or more prior treatment episodes to 56 percent among those with no prior treatment episodes
    
  • More years of education—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 49 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 57 percent among those with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 48 percent among non-Hispanic Black discharges to 55 percent among non-Hispanic White discharges
    
  • 45 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 59 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance
    
  • 42 percent of discharges who were self- or individually referred to treatment to 60 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system
    
  • 49 percent of discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 61 percent of discharges who were employed

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among outpatient treatment discharges were associated with:
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 48 percent among discharges arrested three times to 54 percent among discharges arrested one time in the past 30 days
    
• Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 46 percent among discharges who reported daily substance abuse to 57 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
• Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 47 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 54 percent among those who attended self help programs 8-15 times in the past 30 days
  
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 42 percent among discharges who were not in the labor force and also reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 65 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 49 percent of discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 61 percent of discharges who were employed
    
  • 46 percent of discharges who were homeless to 54 percent of discharges who were living dependently
    
  • 45 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 59 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among outpatient treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 37 percent among discharges arrested five times to 58 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 43 percent among discharges who reported some substance use to 68 percent among those who reported no substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 44 percent among discharges who reported no attendance at self help programs to 69 percent among those who attended self help program 8-15 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 39 percent among discharges who were not in the labor force and also reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 67 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 52 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 66 percent among discharges who were employed
    
  • 49 percent among discharges who were homeless to 60 percent among discharges who were living dependently
    
  • 44 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 58 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing outpatient treatment was 115 days.

• The median LOS was longest among discharges reporting stimulants (145 days) or cocaine (133 days) as the primary substance and among discharges of Hispanic origin (138 days)
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges with other/unknown as primary substance of abuse (85 days), among those who were aged 12 to 20 (108 days), and among those who had no prior treatment episodes (108 days)

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were not in the labor force and reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate (155 days) and those reporting stimulants as the primary substance (145 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who attended self help programs 1-3 times in the past 30 days (78 days), among those who attended 4-7 times in the past 30 days (79 days), and among those who were institutional inmates (80 days)

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges reporting stimulants (145 days) as the primary substance and among discharges arrested three times in the past 30 days (142 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported daily substance use (50 days)

To Tables

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Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 3 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 208,715 discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment in 2010.¹ Forty-six of the 47 reporting States and jurisdictions that offered intensive outpatient treatment and reported these data to TEDS had discharges from this type of service [Table 3.1].

Reason for Discharge

Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1. Of the 208,715 discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment in 2010:

• 33 percent (n = 69,474) completed treatment
  
• 27 percent (n = 56,505) dropped out of treatment
  
• 21 percent (n = 43,741) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 10 percent (n = 20,372) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 9 percent (n = 18,623) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 3.2. The median LOS in 2010 for intensive outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 57 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for intensive outpatient treatment discharges was:

• 85 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 49 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 49 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 39 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 53 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Intensive outpatient discharges aged 12 and older displayed some differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of intensive outpatient discharges aged 12 and older:

• 63 percent were male compared with 67 percent of all discharges
  
• 15 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 40 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges; 24 percent reported daily substance use compared with 38 percent of all discharges
  
• 47 percent were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system compared with 36 percent of all discharges; 25 percent were self- or individual referrals to treatment compared with 33 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Intensive outpatient discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of intensive outpatient discharges aged 12 and older:

• 14 percent were institutional inmates compared with 7 percent of all discharges
  
• 40 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges; 24 percent reported daily substance use compared with 38 percent of all discharges
  
• 6 percent were homeless compared with 13 percent of all discharges; 28 percent were living dependently compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 15 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 69 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in the past month compared with 74 percent of all discharges

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Intensive outpatient discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of intensive outpatient discharges aged 12 and older:

• 15 percent were institutional inmates compared with 8 percent of all discharges
  
• 63 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges; 13 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 13 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 53 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in the past month compared with 61 percent of all discharges
  

Treatment Completion

Tables 3.2a-b-c and 3.3a-b-c. Tables 3.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from intensive outpatient treatment by reason for discharge. Tables 3.3a-b-c are based on Tables 3.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 3.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among intensive outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among intensive outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 54 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among intensive outpatient treatment discharges were associated with these three:
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges aged 12 to 20 to 60 percent among discharges older than 50 years
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 60 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Higher educational level—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 59 percent among those with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among intensive outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and over ranged from:
  
  • 47 percent among non-Hispanic Black discharges to 57 percent among discharges of race/ethnicities other than Hispanic, White, or Black
    
  • 49 percent among discharges who reported opiates or cocaine as the primary substance to 59 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance
    
  • 50 percent of discharges who were self- or individually referred to treatment or referred to treatment by health care or community providers to 59 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system
    
  • 53 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 60 percent among those who were employed

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in the past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among intensive outpatient treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 51 percent among discharges arrested three times to 56 percent among discharges arrested one time in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 60 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 53 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 62 percent among those who attended self help programs 16-30 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rates among intensive outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 48 percent among discharges who were disabled to 76 percent among discharges who were institutional inmates
    
  • 53 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 60 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 50 percent among discharges who were homeless to 58 percent among discharges who were living dependently
    
  • 49 percent among discharges who reported opiates or cocaine as the primary substance to 59 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in the past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among intensive outpatient treatment were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 34 percent among discharges arrested three times to 58 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 41 percent among discharges who reported some substance use to 71 percent among those who reported no substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 49 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 79 percent among those who attended self help programs 8-15 and 16-30 times each, in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rates among intensive outpatient treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 44 percent among discharges who were not in the labor force and reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 70 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 53 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 66 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 46 percent among discharges who were homeless to 59 percent among discharges who were living dependently
    
  • 48 percent among discharges who reported opiates or cocaine as the primary substance to 60 percent among discharges who reported alcohol as the primary substance

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing intensive outpatient treatment was 85 days.

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who reported stimulants as the primary substance (120 days) and among those who had no prior treatment episodes (94 days)
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance of abuse (68 days) and where the treatment referral source was self or individual (69 days)

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who reported stimulants as the primary substance (120 days) and among those who were disabled (98 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who attended self help programs 16-30 times in the past 30 days (49 days) and among those who were arrested five times in the past 30 days (57 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who reported stimulants as the primary substance (120 days) and among those who were disabled (101 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported daily substance use in the past 30 days (43 days) and among those who were arrested five times in the past 30 days (46 days)

To Tables

To Table of Contents

Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 4 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 168,275 discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment in 2010.¹ All 45 of the reporting States and jurisdictions that offered short-term residential treatment and reported these data to TEDS had discharges from this type of service [Table 4.1].

Reason for Discharge

Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1. Of the 168,275 discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment in 2010 (see footnote 1):

• 52 percent (n = 87,239) completed treatment
  
• 19 percent (n = 31,536) dropped out of treatment
  
• 18 percent (n = 30,441) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 7 percent (n = 11,309) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 5 percent (n = 7,750) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 4.2. The median LOS in 2010 for short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 22 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for short-term residential treatment discharges was:

• 27 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 24 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 14 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 8 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 14 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

• 13 percent reported cocaine as the primary substance of abuse compared with 9 percent of all discharges
  
• 56 percent reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 12 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
• 71 percent reported one or more prior treatment episodes compared with 59 percent of all admissions
  
• 45 percent were referred to treatment by health care or community sources compared with 30 percent of all discharges; 21 percent were referred through the criminal justice system compared with 36 percent of all discharges
  
• 88 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older presented differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of short-term residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 88 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  
• 56 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 12 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 13 percent reported cocaine as the primary substance of abuse compared with 9 percent of all discharges

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older presented differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of short-term residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 64 percent who were not in the labor force and reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 46 percent of all discharges; 10 percent reported being students compared with 20 percent of all discharges
  
• 88 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 73 percent of all discharges
  
• 67 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges
  
• 56 percent reported living independently compared with 66 percent of all discharges
  
• 30 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in the past 30 days compared with 61 percent of all discharges

Treatment Completion

Tables 4.2a-b-c and 4.3a-b-c. Tables 4.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from short-term residential treatment by reason for discharge. Tables 4.3a-b-c are based on Tables 4.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 4.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 70 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among short-term residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 66 percent among discharges aged 12 to 30 years old to 76 percent among those over 50 years old
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 67 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 75 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Number of prior treatment episodes—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 69 percent among discharges with one or more prior treatment episodes to 71 percent among discharges with no prior treatment episodes
    
  • Higher educational level—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 66 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 74 percent among discharges with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and over ranged from:
  
  • 67 percent each among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic discharges to 71 percent among non-Hispanic White discharges
    
  • 63 percent among discharges who reported other or unknown as the primary substance to 76 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance
    
  • 67 percent of discharges who were self- or individually referred to treatment to 75 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system
    
  • 69 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 78 percent among discharges who were employed
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among short-term residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 60 percent among discharges arrested five times to 71 percent among discharges arrested one time in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 67 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 75 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 65 percent among discharges who attended self help programs 8-15 times and 16-30 times each, to 66 percent among those who reported no attendance in self help programs in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 59 percent among discharges who were institutional inmates to 82 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 69 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 79 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 67 percent among discharges who were homeless to 72 percent among those who lived independently
    
  • 63 percent among discharges who reported other or unknown as the primary substance to 76 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among short-term residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 57 percent among discharges arrested one time and two times each, to 72 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 47 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 81 percent among those who reported no substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 55 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 80 percent among those who attended self help programs 16-30 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among short-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 52 percent among discharges who were institutional inmates to 83 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 69 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 81 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 58 percent among discharges who were homeless to 75 percent among those who lived dependently
    
  • 64 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 76 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing short-term residential treatment was 27 days. For all characteristics at admission, the median LOS was between 25 days and 29 days.

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were students (42 days) and those who were institutional inmates (34 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were retired (22 days) and those who were employed (25 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were students (43 days) and those who were institutional inmates (34 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported some substance use in the past 30 days (21 days) and among those who were retired (23 days)

To Tables

To Table of Contents

Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 5 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 131,431 discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment in 2010.¹ All 46 of the reporting States and jurisdictions that offered long-term residential treatment and reported these data to TEDS had discharges from this type of service [Table 5.1].

Reason for Discharge

Table 5.1 and Figure 5.1. Of the 131,431 discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment in 2010:

• 46 percent (n = 60,742) completed treatment
  
• 24 percent (n = 32,168) dropped out of treatment
  
• 16 percent (n = 20,438) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 10 percent (n = 13,211) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 4 percent (n = 4,872) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 5.2. The median LOS in 2010 for long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 58 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for long-term residential treatment discharges was:

• 90 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 49 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 32 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 29 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 42 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Long-term residential discharges aged 12 and older displayed some major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of long-term residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 14 percent reported cocaine as the primary substance of abuse compared with 9 percent of all discharges; 15 percent reported stimulants compared with 7 percent of all discharges; 31 percent reported alcohol compared with 40 percent of all discharges
  
• 71 percent had been in treatment one or more times compared with 59 percent of all discharges
  
• 28 percent were self- or individually referred to treatment compared with 33 percent of all discharges
  
• 94 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older differed from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of long-term residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 18 percent reported being institutional inmates compared with 7 percent of all discharges
  
• 94 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  
• 37 percent reported living independently compared with 65 percent of all discharges; 39 percent reported living dependently compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 31 percent reported alcohol as the primary substance of abuse compared with 40 percent of all discharges; 14 percent reported cocaine compared with 9 percent of all discharges; 15 percent reported stimulants compared with 7 percent of all discharges
  
• 58 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in the past 30 days compared with 74 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older differed from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of long-term residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 14 percent reported being disabled compared with 21 percent of all discharges
  
• 83 percent reported being unemployed compared with 73 percent of all discharges
  
• 77 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges; 9 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 45 percent reported living dependently compared with 25 percent of all discharges; 40 percent reported living independently compared with 66 percent of all discharges
  
• 15 percent reported stimulants as the primary substance compared with 7 percent of all discharges
  
• 31 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in past 30 days compared with 61 percent of all discharges
  

Treatment Completion

Tables 5.2a-b-c and 5.3a-b-c. Tables 5.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from long-term residential treatment by reason for discharge. Tables 5.3a-b-c are based on Tables 5.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 5.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 62 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and over were associated with:
  
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 59 percent among discharges aged 12 to 20 to 69 percent among discharges older than 50 years
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 58 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 65 percent among discharges who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • No prior treatment episodes—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 59 percent among discharges with one or more prior treatment episodes to 68 percent among those with no prior treatment episodes
    
  • Higher educational level—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 59 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 65 percent among discharges with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and over ranged from:
  
  • 56 percent among non-Hispanic Black discharges to 64 percent each among non-Hispanic White discharges and discharges of race/ethnicities other than Hispanic, White, or Black
    
  • 56 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 72 percent among those who reported stimulants as the primary substance
    
  • 58 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment by a health care or community provider to 66 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system
    
  • 61 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 72 percent among discharges who were employed
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among long-term residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 57 percent among discharges arrested five times to 67 percent among discharges arrested three times in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 58 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 65 percent among discharges who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 49 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 56 percent among those who attended self help programs 4-7 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 49 percent among discharges who were not in the labor force and reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 75 percent among discharges who were retired
    
  • 61 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 72 percent among discharges who were employed
    
  • 59 percent among discharges who were homeless to 65 percent among those who lived dependently
    
  • 56 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 72 percent among those who reported stimulants as the primary substance

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among long-term residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 45 percent among discharges arrested one time to 67 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 53 percent among discharges who reported some substance use to 72 percent among those who reported no substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 42 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 68 percent among those who attended self help programs 16-30 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among long-term residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 41 percent among discharges who were not in the labor force and reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 76 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 64 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 78 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 60 percent among discharges who were homeless to 68 percent among those who lived dependently
    
  • 55 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 72 percent among those who reported stimulants as the primary substance
    

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing long-term residential treatment was 90 days.

• The median LOS was longest among non-Hispanic Black discharges (115 days) and among discharges who reported cocaine or opiates as the primary substance (105 days each)
  
• The median LOS was shortest (59 days) among discharges who were employed at admission
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were not in the labor force and reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate (163 days) and institutional inmates (162 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were retired (46 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were institutional inmates (167 days) and discharges who reported other/unknown as the primary substance of abuse (128 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported some substance use in the past 30 days (29 days)

To Tables

To Table of Contents

Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 6 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 5,483 discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment in 2010.¹ Fourteen of the 47 reporting States and jurisdictions that offered short-term residential treatment and reported these data to TEDS had discharges from this type of service [Table 6.1].

Reason for Discharge

Table 6.1 and Figure 6.1. Of the 5,483 discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment in 2010:

• 49 percent (n = 2,690) completed treatment
  
• 24 percent (n = 1,295) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 20 percent (n = 1,109) dropped out of treatment
  
• 2 percent (n = 113) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 5 percent (n = 276) failed to complete treatment for other reasons

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 6.2. The median LOS in 2010 for hospital residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 7 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for hospital residential treatment discharges was:

• 14 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 13 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 5 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 4 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 4 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Hospital residential discharges aged 12 and older displayed some major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of hospital residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 75 percent were non-Hispanic White compared with 60 percent of all discharges; 13 percent were non-Hispanic Black compared with 21 percent of all discharges; 5 percent were of Hispanic origin compared with 13 percent of all discharges
  
• 57 percent reported alcohol as their primary substance compared with 40 percent of all discharges; 6 percent reported marijuana compared with 18 percent of all discharges
  
• 65 percent reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 9 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 66 percent reported one or more prior treatment episodes compared with 59 percent of all discharges
  
• 39 percent were referred to treatment by a health care or community provider compared with 30 percent of all discharges; 52 percent were self- or individual referrals to treatment compared with 33 percent of all discharges; 9 percent were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system compared with 36 percent of all discharges
  
• 83 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  
• 25 percent had fewer than 12 years of education compared with 31 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Hospital residential discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of hospital residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 33 percent reported being disabled compared with 19 percent of all discharges; 7 percent reported being students compared with 17 percent of all discharges
  
• 65 percent reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 9 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 78 percent reported living independently compared with 65 percent of all discharges; 7 percent reported living dependently compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 57 percent reported alcohol as the primary substance compared with 40 percent of all discharges; 6 percent reported marijuana compared with 18 percent of all discharges

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Hospital residential discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of hospital residential discharges aged 12 and older:

• 6 percent reported being students compared with 20 percent of all discharges; 34 percent reported being disabled compared with 21 percent of all discharges
  
• 83 percent reported being unemployed compared with 73 percent of all discharges
  
• 20 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges; 44 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 11 percent reported living dependently compared with 25 percent of all discharges; 78 percent reported living independently compared with 66 percent of all discharges
  
• 53 percent reported alcohol as the primary substance compared with 35 percent of all discharges; 5 percent reported marijuana compared with 17 percent of all discharges
  
• 50 percent reported no attendance at self help programs in past 30 days compared with 61 percent of all discharges; 22 percent reported attending self help programs 1-3 times in past 30 days compared with 7 percent of all discharges
  

Treatment Completion

Tables 6.2a-b-c and 6.3a-b-c. Tables 6.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from hospital residential treatment by reason for discharge. Tables 6.3a-b-c are based on Tables 6.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 6.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among hospital residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among hospital residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older was 73 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among hospital residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 68 percent among discharges aged 21 to 30 years to 78 percent among discharges older than 50 years
    
  • More frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 64 percent among discharges who reported no substance use to 74 percent among those who reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Years of education—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 70 percent among discharges with less than 12 years of education to 74 percent among discharges with more than 12 years of education
    
  • Prior treatment—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 69 percent of discharges with no prior treatment episodes to 73 percent among discharges with one or more prior treatment episodes
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among hospital residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 67 percent among non-Hispanic Black discharges to 77 percent among discharges of race/ethnicities other than Hispanic, White, or Black
    
  • 66 percent among discharges who reported marijuana as the primary substance to 78 percent among discharges who reported other/unknown as the primary substance
    
  • 66 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment by a health care or community provider to 84 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system
    
  • 72 percent among discharges who were employed to 73 percent among those who were unemployed or not in the labor force
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among hospital residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 71 percent among discharges not arrested to 89 percent among discharges arrested five times in the past 30 days
    
  • More frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 64 percent among discharges who reported no substance use to 74 percent among those who reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 77 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 87 percent among those who attended self help programs 8-15 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among hospital residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 75 percent among discharges who were students to 87 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 72 percent among discharges who were employed to 73 percent among discharges who were unemployed
    
  • 72 percent among discharges who were homeless to 78 percent among those who lived dependently
    
  • 66 percent among discharges who reported marijuana as the primary substance to 78 percent among those who reported other/unknown as the primary substance
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among hospital residential treatment discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 72 percent among discharges arrested one time to 80 percent among discharges arrested two times in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 67 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 77 percent among those who reported no substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 72 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 91 percent among those who attended self help programs 16-30 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among hospital residential treatment discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 71 percent among discharges who were homemakers to 86 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 73 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force and employed each
    
  • 66 percent among discharges who were homeless to 75 percent among those who lived independently
    
  • 64 percent among discharges who reported marijuana as the primary substance to 80 percent among those who reported other/unknown as the primary substance
    

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing hospital residential treatment was 13 days.

• The median LOS was longest (30 days) among discharges who were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were employed (7 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges arrested four times (42 days) and those arrested two times in the past 30 days (36 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were employed (7 days) and among those who were students (9 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who attended self help programs 1-3 times in the past 30 days (37 days) and discharges who reported other/unknown as the primary substance of abuse (29 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported daily substance use in the past 30 days (6 days) and those who were employed (7 days)
  

To Tables

To Table of Contents

Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 7 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 315,021 discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification in 2010.¹ Forty-six of the 47 reporting States and jurisdictions that offered detoxification and reported these data to TEDS had discharges from this type of service [Table 7.1]. Detoxification in this chapter includes free-standing residential detoxification, hospital detoxification, and outpatient detoxification (see Chapter 1). Medication-assisted opioid detoxification is excluded and reported in Chapter 9.

Reason for Discharge

Table 7.1 and Figure 7.1. Of the 315,021 discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification in 2010:

• 67 percent (n = 210,043) completed treatment
  
• 18 percent (n = 55,792) dropped out of treatment
  
• 10 percent (n = 32,779) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 2 percent (n = 6,359) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 3 percent (n = 10,048) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 7.2. The median LOS in 2010 for detoxification discharges aged 12 and older was 4 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for detoxification discharges was:

• 4 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 4 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 3 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 2 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 2 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Detoxification discharges aged 12 and older displayed some major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of detoxification discharges aged 12 and older:

• 74 percent were male compared with 67 percent of all discharges
  
• 31 percent were aged 41 to 50 years compared with 22 percent of all discharges; 4 percent were aged 12 to 20 compared with 14 percent of all discharges
  
• 53 percent reported alcohol as the primary substance of abuse compared with 40 percent of all discharges; 32 percent reported opiates compared with 22 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported marijuana compared with 18 percent of all discharges
  
• 76 percent reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 70 percent reported one or more prior treatment episodes compared with 59 percent of all discharges
  
• 62 percent were self- or individual referrals to treatment compared with 33 percent of all discharges; 10 percent were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system compared with 36 percent of all discharges
  
• 87 percent were unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Detoxification discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of detoxification discharges aged 12 and older:

• 76 percent reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 52 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported being students compared with 17 percent of all discharges
  
• 87 percent reported being unemployed or not in the labor force compared with 78 percent of all discharges
  
• 76 percent reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 32 percent reported being homeless compared with 13 percent of all discharges; 9 percent reported living dependently compared with 22 percent of all discharges
  
• 53 percent reported alcohol as the primary substance compared with 40 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported marijuana compared with 18 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Detoxification discharges aged 12 and older displayed these major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of detoxification discharges aged 12 and older:

• 65 percent reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 46 percent of all discharges; 4 percent reported being students compared with 20 percent of all discharges
  
• 86 percent reported being unemployed compared with 73 percent of all discharges
  
• 17 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges; 48 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 25 percent reported being homeless compared with 9 percent of all discharges; 57 percent reported living independently compared with 66 percent of all discharges
  
• 35 percent reported other/unknown as the primary substance compared with 15 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported marijuana compared with 17 percent of all discharges
  

Treatment Completion

Tables 7.2a-b-c and 7.3a-b-c. Tables 7.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from detoxification by reason for discharge. Tables 7.3a-b-c are based on Tables 7.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 7.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among detoxification discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among detoxification discharges aged 12 and older was 77 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among detoxification discharges were associated with:
  
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 72 percent among discharges aged 21 to 30 years to 82 percent among discharges older than 50 years
    
  • Some frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 73 percent among discharges who reported no substance use to 84 percent among those who reported some substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Number of prior treatment episodes—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 75 percent among discharges with no prior treatment to 78 percent among discharges with one or more treatment episodes
    
  • Higher educational level—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 76 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 79 percent among discharges with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among detoxification discharges aged 12 and over ranged from:
  
  • 76 percent among non-Hispanic White discharges to 80 percent each among discharges whose race/ethnicity was of Hispanic origin and those whose race/ethnicity was other than White, Black, or Hispanic
    
  • 68 percent among discharges whose primary substance was unknown/other to 81 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance
    
  • 74 percent among discharges who were self- or individually referred to treatment to 84 percent among discharges who were referred to treatment through health care or community providers
    
  • 77 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 80 percent among those who were employed
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among detoxification discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 69 percent among discharges arrested five times to 77 percent among discharges arrested one time in the past 30 days
    
  • Some frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 73 percent among discharges who reported no substance use to 84 percent among those who reported some substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 65 percent among discharges who attended self help programs 1-3 times to 76 percent among those who did not attend self help programs in the last 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among detoxification discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 75 percent among discharges who reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 83 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 77 percent among discharges who were unemployed to 80 percent among discharges who were employed
    
  • 77 percent among discharges who were homeless or lived independently to 80 percent among those who lived dependently
    
  • 68 percent among discharges who reported other/unknown as the primary substance to 81 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among detoxification discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 65 percent among discharges arrested four times to 80 percent among discharges arrested one time in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 72 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 85 percent among those who reported some substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 65 percent among discharges who attended self help programs 1-3 times to 85 percent among those who attended self help programs 16-30 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among detoxification discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 69 percent among discharges who reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled or institutional inmate to 89 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 78 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 83 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 77 percent among discharges who lived independently to 85 percent among those who lived dependently
    
  • 69 percent among discharges who reported opiates as the primary substance to 81 percent among those who reported alcohol as the primary substance
    

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing detoxification was 4 days. The median LOS was between 3 days and 6 days for all characteristics.

• The median LOS was 3 days for those who indicated some substance use in the month before treatment entry, those referred by the criminal justice system, and those whose race/ethnicity was other than Hispanic, Black, or White
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were institutional inmates (9 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were homemaker, who reported some substance use in the past month, and who attended self help programs 1-3 times in the past month (3 days each)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were students (8 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were homemakers, retired, disabled, employed, who reported some substance use in the past month, who were homeless, and who reported alcohol as the primary substance (3 days each)
  

To Tables

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Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 8 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 69,191 discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy (i.e., therapy with methadone or buprenorphine) in 2010.¹ Forty-one of the 47 reporting States and jurisdictions that offered outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy and reported these data to TEDS had discharges from this type of service [Table 8.1]. Discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy were from outpatient treatment (95 percent) and intensive outpatient treatment (5 percent) (see Chapter 1).

Reason for Discharge

Table 8.1 and Figure 8.1. Of the 69,191 discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy in 2010:

• 39 percent (n = 27,149) dropped out of treatment
  
• 22 percent (n = 15,518) were transferred to further treatment
  
• 14 percent (n = 9,397) completed treatment
  
• 11 percent (n = 7,659) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 14 percent (n = 9,468) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 8.2. The median LOS in 2010 for outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older was 135 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges was:

• 237 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 176 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 115 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 72 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 201 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older displayed some major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older:

• 59 percent were male compared with 67 percent of all discharges
  
• 3 percent were aged 12 to 20 compared with 14 percent of all discharges
  
• 16 percent were non-Hispanic Black compared with 21 percent of all discharges; 19 percent were of Hispanic origin compared with 13 percent of all discharges
  
• 95 percent reported opiates as the primary substance of abuse compared with 22 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported alcohol compared with 40 percent of all discharges
  
• 66 percent reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 18 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 76 percent reported one or more prior treatment episodes compared with 59 percent of all discharges
  
• 71 percent were self- or individual referrals to treatment compared with 33 percent of all discharges; 5 percent were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system compared with 36 percent of all discharges; 24 percent were referred through health care or community sources compared with 30 percent of all discharges

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older presented differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older:

• 3 percent reported being students compared with 17 percent of all discharges; 34 percent reported being disabled compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 66 percent reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 15 percent reported some substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 33 percent of all discharges
  
• 78 percent reported being living independently compared with 65 percent of all discharges
  
• 95 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 22 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported alcohol compared with 40 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older presented differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older:

• 3 percent reported being students compared with 20 percent of all discharges; 32 percent reported being disabled compared with 21 percent of all discharges
  
• 45 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges; 32 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 19 percent of all discharges
  
• 77 percent reported living independently compared with 66 percent of all discharges
  
• 84 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 19 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported alcohol compared with 35 percent of all discharges
  
• 83 percent reported no attendance in self help programs in past 30 days compared with 61 percent of all discharges
  

Treatment Completion

Linkage of discharge records from 2010 to admission records from 2000 to 2010 means that the maximum length of stay (LOS) in treatment included in this report is 11 years. However, outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy can have a much longer duration. Indeed, some admissions may receive this form of treatment for an indefinite period. Because this report includes data only on discharges, it will underestimate LOS in treatment for those receiving outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Similarly, the number and proportion of treatment completers will reflect only those who have been discharged because treatment is complete and not those who successfully remain in long-term outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. In addition, the characteristics at admission of those admitted to and discharged from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy within 11 years may differ from those of admissions who remain in such therapy for longer than 11 years.

Tables 8.2a-b-c and 8.3a-b-c. Tables 8.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy by reason for discharge. Tables 8.3a-b-c are based on Tables 8.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 8.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older was 36 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges were associated with:
  
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 34 percent among discharges aged 41 to 50 years to 39 percent among discharges older aged 12 to 20 years
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 32 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 48 percent among discharges who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • No prior treatment episodes—the completion/transfer rate for discharges with one or more prior treatment episodes was 35 percent compared with 39 percent of discharges reporting no prior treatment episodes
    
  • Higher educational level—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 33 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 40 percent among discharges with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 34 percent among discharges of Hispanic origin and among discharges whose race/ethnicity were other than Hispanic, Black, or White to 37 percent among non-Hispanic Black discharges
    
  • 32 percent of discharges who were self- or individually referred to treatment to 48 percent of discharges who were referred to treatment through health care or community providers
    
  • 35 percent of discharges who were unemployed or not in labor force to 39 percent of discharges who were employed
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 27 percent among discharges arrested five times to 36 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 32 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 48 percent among those who reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 31 percent among discharges who attended self help programs 4-7 times to 48 percent among those attended self help programs 8-15 times in the last 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 26 percent among discharges who reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate to 71 percent among those who were institutional inmates
    
  • 35 percent among discharges who were unemployed to 39 percent among discharges who were employed
    
  • 30 percent among discharges who were homeless to 47 percent among those who lived dependently
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 8 percent among discharges arrested four times to 43 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 38 percent among discharges who reported some substance use to 55 percent among those who reported no substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 35 percent among discharges who reported no attendance in self help programs to 64 percent among those who attended self help programs 8-15 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 20 percent among discharges who were institutional inmates to 55 percent among those who were homemakers
    
  • 41 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 46 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 33 percent among discharges who were homeless to 54 percent among those who lived dependently
    

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy was 176 days.

• The median LOS was longest (233 days) among discharges aged 41 to 50 years and among discharges who were employed (232 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported marijuana (92 days) as the primary substance
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were employed (232 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were arrested five times in the past 30 days (23 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who were arrested three times in the past 30 days (424 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were arrested four times in the past 30 days (25 days)
  

To Tables

To Table of Contents

Reason for Discharge
Median Length of Stay (LOS)
Characteristics at Admission
Selected Characteristics at Admisson
Selected Characteristics at Discharge
Treatment Completion

Chapter 9 presents data on the reason for discharge and median length of stay (LOS) in treatment for the 20,731 discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification (i.e., detoxification with methadone or buprenorphine) in 2010.¹ Twenty-seven of the 47
reporting States and jurisdictions that offered medication-assisted opioid detoxification and reported these data to TEDS had discharges for this type of service [Table 9.1]. Discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification included discharges from outpatient
detoxification (43 percent), free-standing residential detoxification (32 percent), and from hospital detoxification (25 percent) (see Chapter 1).

Reason for Discharge

Table 9.1 and Figure 9.1. Of the 20,731 discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification in 2010:

• 52 percent (n = 10,689) completed treatment
  
• 28 percent (n = 5,778) dropped out of treatment
  
• 17 percent (n = 3,443) were transferred to further treatment
• 2 percent (n = 335) had treatment terminated by the facility
  
• 2 percent (n = 486) failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

¹ Percentages in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions in tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Median Length of Stay (LOS)

Table 1.4 and Figure 9.2. The median LOS in 2010 for medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older was 5 days. By reason for discharge, the median LOS for medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges was:

• 12 days among those who dropped out of treatment
  
• 8 days among those who transferred to further treatment
  
• 6 days among those whose treatment was terminated by the facility
  
• 4 days among those who completed treatment
  
• 14 days among those who failed to complete treatment for other reasons
  

Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6a. Medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older displayed some major differences from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older:

• 15 percent were over 50 years old compared with 11 percent of all discharges; 6 percent were aged 12 to 20 compared with 14 percent of all discharges
  
• 14 percent were non-Hispanic Black compared with 21 percent of all discharges, and 17 percent were of Hispanic origin compared with 13 percent of all discharges
  
• 87 percent reported opiates as the primary substance of abuse compared with 22 percent of all discharges; 10 percent reported alcohol compared with 40 percent of all discharges
  
• 88 percent reported daily use of the primary substance in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 69 percent reported one or more prior treatment episodes compared with 59 percent of all discharges
  
• 83 percent were self- or individual referrals to treatment compared with 33 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Admission

Table 1.6b. Medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older differed from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older:

• 83 percent reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 52 percent of all discharges; 3 percent reported being students compared with 17 percent of all discharges
  
• 88 percent reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 38 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported no substance use in the month before treatment entry compared with 29 percent of all discharges
  
• 87 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 22 percent of all discharges; 10 percent reported alcohol compared with 40 percent of all discharges
  

Selected Characteristics at Discharge

Table 1.6c. Medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older differed from all discharges aged 12 and older combined. Of medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older:

• 84 percent reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate compared with 46 percent of all discharges; 2 percent reported being students compared with 20 percent of all discharges
  
• 86 percent reported being unemployed compared with 73 percent of all discharges
  
• 39 percent reported daily substance use in the past month compared with 19 percent of all discharges; 30 percent reported no substance use in the past month compared with 56 percent of all discharges
  
• 51 percent reported opiates as the primary substance compared with 19 percent of all discharges; 6 percent reported alcohol compared with 35 percent of all discharges
  
• 21 percent reported attending self help programs 8-15 times in the past 30 days compared with 5 percent of all discharges
  

Treatment Completion

Tables 9.2a-b-c and 9.3a-b-c. Tables 9.2a-b-c enumerate the characteristics at admission or discharge of discharges aged 12 and older from medication-assisted opioid detoxification by reason for discharge. Tables 9.3a-b-c are based on Tables 9.2a-b-c. They present two related proportions: a) the percent distribution of characteristics at admission or discharge among discharges completing treatment or transferring to further treatment compared with those who did not complete treatment, and b) the combined rate of completion or transfer to further treatment by characteristic at admission or discharge. Tables 9.3a-b-c also provide the median LOS among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older who completed treatment.

Completion/Transfer Rates and Characteristics at Admission

The overall combined treatment completion/transfer rate among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older was 68 percent.

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—age, frequency of use, number of prior treatment episodes, and level of education—higher completion/transfer rates among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges were associated with:
  
  • Older age—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 66 percent among discharges aged over 50 years to 73 percent among discharges older aged 12 to 20 years
    
  • Some frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 58 percent among discharges who reported no substance use to 68 percent among those who reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Number of prior treatment episodes—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 67 percent among discharges with no prior treatment to 69 percent among discharges with one or more treatment episodes
    
  • Higher educational level—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 63 percent among discharges with fewer than 12 years of education to 73 percent among discharges with more than 12 years of education
    
• Among other characteristics (race/ethnicity, primary substance, treatment referral source, employment status), the completion/transfer rate among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 59 percent among discharges of Hispanic origin to 81 percent among non-Hispanic Black discharges
    
  • 66 percent among discharges who were self- or individually referred to treatment to 79 percent among discharges who were referred to treatment by the health care/community
    
  • 60 percent among discharges who were employed to 69 percent among discharges who were unemployed/not in labor force
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Admission

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 40 percent among discharges arrested five times to 77 percent among discharges arrested two times in the past 30 days
    
  • Some frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 58 percent among discharges who reported no substance use to 68 percent among those who reported daily substance use in the month before treatment entry
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 76 percent among discharges who attended self help programs 1-3 times to 85 percent among those who attended self help programs 8-15 times in the last 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at admission (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 64 percent among discharges who reported being homemakers to 84 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 60 percent among discharges who were employed to 69 percent among discharges who were unemployed
    
  • 65 percent among discharges who lived independently to 81 percent among those who were homeless
    

Completion/Transfer Rates and Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• Among variables whose categories represented a continuum—number of arrests in past 30 days, frequency of use, self help program attended in past 30 days—higher completion/transfer rates among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges were associated with:
  
  • Number of arrests—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 50 percent among discharges arrested five times to 84 percent among discharges not arrested in the past 30 days
    
  • Less frequent use—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 79 percent among discharges who reported daily substance use to 93 percent among those who reported some substance use in the past 30 days
    
  • Frequency of self help program attendance—the completion/transfer rate ranged from 61 percent among discharges who attended self help programs 4-7 times to 92 percent among those who attended self help programs 8-15 times in the past 30 days
    
• Among other selected characteristics at discharge (detailed not in labor force, employment status, living arrangements, primary substance), the completion/transfer rate among medication-assisted opioid detoxification discharges aged 12 and older ranged from:
  
  • 73 percent among discharges who reported being homemakers to 84 percent among those who were retired
    
  • 84 percent among discharges who were unemployed or not in the labor force to 85 percent among those who were employed
    
  • 81 percent among discharges who lived independently to 92 percent among those who lived dependently
    

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment

The overall median LOS in 2010 among discharges aged 12 and older completing medication-assisted opioid detoxification was 4 days.

• The median LOS was longest among those who indicated no substance use in the past month (13 days) and among discharges who reported some substance use in the past month (12 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who reported alcohol as the primary substance (3 days) and those whose race/ethnicity was non-Hispanic Black or other than Hispanic, Black or White (3 days)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Admission

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who reported no substance use in the past month (13 days) and some substance use in the past month (12 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were arrested between two and five times in the past 30 days; who were retired; homeless; who reported they were in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate; and those who reported alcohol as the primary substance (3 days each)
  

Median LOS among Discharges Completing Treatment for Selected Characteristics at Discharge

• The median LOS was longest among discharges who reported some substance use in the past month (19 days) and who reported opiates as the primary substance (18 days)
  
• The median LOS was shortest among discharges who were arrested five times in the past 30 days; who were retired; who reported being in a category other than homemaker, student, retired, disabled, or institutional inmate; who reported alcohol as the primary substance; and who reported other/unknown as the primary substance (3 days each)
  

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To Table of Contents

Introduction
History
State Data Collection Systems
Report-Specific Considerations

Introduction

This report presents results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for discharges from substance abuse treatment. The Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), coordinates and manages collection of TEDS data from the states.

TEDS is a compilation of client-level data routinely collected by the individual state administrative data systems to monitor their substance abuse treatment systems. Generally, facilities that are required to report to the state substance abuse agency (SSA) are those that receive public funds and/or are licensed or certified by the SSA to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked for other reasons).

TEDS is one of the three components of SAMHSA’s Behavioral Health Services Infor­mation System (BHSIS) (formerly known as the Drug and Alcohol Services Information System [DASIS]), the primary source of national data on substance abuse treatment. The other two components are:

• The Inventory of Behavioral Health Services (I-BHS), a continuously-updated compre­hen­sive listing of all known public and private substance abuse treatment facilities
  
• The National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), an annual survey of the location, characteristics, services offered, and utilization of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities in I-BHS

The TEDS system comprises two major components, the Admissions Data Set and the Discharge Data Set. The TEDS Admission Data Set includes client-level data on substance abuse treatment admissions from 1992 through the present. The TEDS Discharge Data Set can be linked at record level to admissions, and includes information from clients discharged in 2000 and later. For both data sets, selected data items from the individual state data files are converted to a standardized format consistent across states. These standardized data constitute TEDS.

The TEDS Admission Data System consists of a Minimum Data Set of items collected by all states, and a Supplemental Data Set where individual data items are reported at the state’s option. The Minimum Data Set consists of 19 items that include:

• Demographic information
  
• Primary, secondary, and tertiary substances and their route of administration, frequency of use, and age at first use
  
• Source of referral to treatment
  
• Number of prior treatment episodes
  
• Service type, including planned use of medication-assisted opioid therapy

The Supplemental Data Set (not presented in this report) items include psychiatric, social, and economic measures.

The TEDS Discharge Data System was designed to enable TEDS to collect information on entire treatment episodes. Discharge data, when linked to admission data, represent treatment episodes that enable analyses of questions that cannot be answered with admission data alone. Examples are the proportion of discharges that completed treatment and the average length of stay of treatment completers.

History

National-level data collection on admissions to substance abuse treatment was first mandated in 1972 under the Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act, P.L. 92-255. This act initiated federal funding for drug treatment and rehabilitation, and required reporting on clients entering drug (but not alcohol) abuse treatment. The Client-Oriented Data Acquisition Process (CODAP) was developed to collect admission and discharge data directly from federally-funded drug treatment programs. (Programs for treatment of alcohol abuse were not included.) Reporting was mandatory for all such programs, and data were collected using a standard form. CODAP included all clients in federally-funded programs regardless of individual funding source. Reports were issued from 1973 to 1981 based on data from 1,800 to 2,000 programs, including some 200,000 annual admissions.

In 1981, collection of national-level data on admissions to substance abuse treatment was discontinued because of the introduction of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services (ADMS) Block Grant. The block grant trans­ferred federal funding from individual programs to the states for distribution, and it included no data reporting requirement. Participation in CODAP became voluntary; although several states submitted data through 1984, the data were in no way nationally representative.

In 1988, the Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Amendments (P.L. 100-690) established a revised Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) Block Grant and mandated federal data collection on clients receiving treatment for either alcohol or drug abuse. The Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) data collection effort represents the federal response to this mandate. TEDS began in 1989 with the issue of 3-year development grants to states.

State Data Collection Systems

TEDS is an exceptionally large and powerful data set that covers a significant proportion of all admissions to substance abuse treatment. TEDS is a compilation of data collected through the individual data collection systems of the state substance abuse agencies (SSAs) for substance abuse treatment. States have cooperated with the federal government in the data collection process, and substantial progress has been made toward developing a standardized data set. However, because each state system is unique and each state has u­nique powers and mandates, significant differences exist among state data collection systems. These differences are compounded by evolving health care payment systems, and state-to-state comparisons must be made with extreme caution.

The number and client mix of TEDS admissions do not represent the total national demand for substance abuse treatment or the prevalence of substance abuse in the general population.

States differ widely in the amount of public funding available for substance abuse treatment and in the constraints placed on the use of funds. States may be directed to target special populations such as pregnant women or adolescents. Where funds are limited, states may be compelled to exercise triage in admitting persons to treatment, admitting only those with the most “severe” problems. In states with higher funding levels, a larger proportion of the population in need of treatment may be admitted, including the less severely impaired.

States may include or exclude reporting by certain sectors of the treatment population, and these sectors may change over time. For example, treat­ment programs based in the criminal justice system may or may not be administered through the state SSA. Detoxification facilities, which can generate large num­bers of admissions, are not uniformly considered treatment facilities and are not uniformly reported by all states.

Appendix Table 1 presents key characteristics of state data collection systems for 2010. However, these characteristics can change ­as state substance abuse treatment systems change, and thus may be responsible for some year-to-year variation within states.

• Facilities included. The scope of facilities included in TEDS is affected by differences in state licensure, certification, and accreditation practices, and disbursement of public funds. Most SSAs require facilities that receive state/public funding (including federal block grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment services to report data to the SSA. Generally this funding is distributed by the SSA but may be distributed by another public agency.
  
  Some SSAs regulate private facilities, methadone clinics, and/or individual practitioners and require them to report TEDS data. Others do not because of the difficulty in obtaining data from these facilities, although these facilities may report voluntarily. Facilities operated by federal agencies (e.g., the Bureau of Prisons, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Veterans Affairs) generally do not report TEDS data to the SSA, although some facilities operated by the Indian Health Service are included. Hospital-based substance abuse treatment facilities are frequently not licensed through the SSA and do not report TEDS data. Correctional facilities (state prisons and local jails) are monitored by the SSA and report TEDS data in some states but not in others.
  
  The primary goal of TEDS is to monitor the characteristics of clients admitted to planned, continuing treatment regimens. Thus early intervention and crisis intervention programs that do not lead to enrollment in continued treatment are excluded from TEDS.
  
  
• Clients included. About 60 percent of states reported data on all admissions to all eligible facilities, although some reported only, or largely, admissions financed by public funds. TEDS is an admission-based system; therefore, TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. For example, an individual admitted to treatment twice within a calendar year is counted as two admissions.
  
  
• Ability to track multi-service episodes. The goal for the TEDS system is to enumerate treatment episodes by distinguishing the initial admission of a client from his/her subsequent transfer to a different service type (e.g., from residential treatment to outpatient) within a single continuous treatment episode. Thus TEDS records are ideally coded as admissions if they represent the initial treatment service in a treatment episode and as transfers if they represent a change in service type or a change in provider without an interruption in treatment.
  
  This requires, however, that clients be assigned unique IDs that can be linked across providers; not all states are legally and/or technologically able to do this. Most states can identify as transfers a change in service type within the structure of a given provider, however, fewer can also identify a transfer involving a change of provider. Several states do not track transfers, but instead report as transfers those clients who are discharged and readmitted with­in a specified (state-specific) time period.
  
  Because some admission records in fact may represent transfers, the number of admissions reported probably overestimates the number of treatment episodes. Some states reported a limited data set on codependents of substance abusers entering treatment. On average, from 2000 through 2010, 86 percent of all records submitted were client admissions, 14 percent were client transfers, and 2 percent were codependents of substance abusers.
  
  
• Services offered. A state’s mix of service types (e.g., outpatient, detoxification, residential, opioid therapy) can have a significant effect on its admission rate. There is higher client turnover and therefore more admissions in short-stay services such as detoxification than in long-stay services such as outpatient or long-term residential treatment. Admission rates for individual substances of abuse may be affected as well (e.g., detoxification is more closely associated with alcohol or heroin use than with use of other substances).¹
  
  
• Completeness and timeliness of reporting. SAMHSA, in reporting national-level TEDS data, must balance timeliness of reporting and completeness of the data set. There may be a time lag in the publication of SAMHSA’s annual report because preparation cannot begin until states have completed their data submission for that year. States in turn rely on individual facilities to report in a timely manner so they can submit TEDS data to SAMHSA at regular intervals.

Appendix Table 2 indicates the proportions of records for which valid discharge data were received for 2010. States are expected to report all variables in the Minimum Data Set.

Report-Specific Considerations

• The report focuses on treatment for substance abusers according to service type. Thus, admissions for treatment as a codependent of a substance abuser are excluded. Records for identifiable transfers within a single treatment episode are included.
  
• Records with partially complete data have been retained. Where records include missing or invalid data for a specific variable other than primary, secondary, or tertiary substance, those records are excluded from tabulations of that variable. For substance variables, missing or unknown responses were included in the category “Other.” The total number of discharges on which a percentage distribution is based is reported in each table.
  
• States that did not collect a specific variable are excluded from tabulations of that variable. The total number of records on which a percentage distribution is based is reported in each table.
  
• The primary, secondary, and tertiary substances of abuse reported to TEDS are those substances that led to the treatment episode and not necessarily a complete enumeration of all drugs used at the time of admission.
  
• Stimulant admissions include methamphetamine, amphetamines, and other stimulants. However, 98 to 99 percent of these admissions were for methamphetamine or amphetamine abuse.
  
• The data presented in this report focus on treatment for substance abusers within service type. They do not represent complete treatment episodes, as a single episode may involve stays in more than one service type. States are asked to submit a record for each initial admission to a treatment service, for each transfer from one service to another, and for a discharge corresponding to each admission or transfer.
  
• The number of states included in each of the service type chapters varies because not all states reported discharges for every service type. The first table for each chapter details the states reporting discharges of that service type.
  
• Linkage of discharge records from 2010 to admission records from 2000 to 2010 means that the maximum length of stay (LOS) in treatment included in this report is 11 years. However, outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy can have a much longer duration. Indeed, some admissions may receive this form of treatment for an indefinite period. Because this report includes data only on discharges, it will underestimate LOS in treatment for those receiving outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Similarly, the number and proportion of treatment completers will reflect only those who have been discharged because treatment is complete and not those who successfully remain in long-term outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. In addition, the characteristics at admission of those admitted to and discharged from outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy within 11 years may differ from those of admissions who remain in outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy for longer than 11 years.

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TEDS Minimum Data Set
TEDS Discharge Data Set

AGE OF FIRST USE (OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY SUBSTANCE)

For drugs other than alcohol, these fields identify the age at which the client first used the respective substance. For alcohol, these fields record the age of first intoxication.

• 0—Indicates a newborn with a substance dependency problem
• 1-96—Indicates the age at first use

CLIENT OR CODEPENDENT/COLLATERAL

Specifies whether the admission record is for a substance abuse treatment client, or a person being treated for his/her codependency or collateral relationship with a substance abuser.

Client—Must meet all of the following criteria:

• Has an alcohol or drug related problem
• Has completed the screening and intake process
• Has been formally admitted for treatment or recovery service in an alcohol or drug treatment unit
• Has his or her own client record

A person is not a client if he or she has completed only a screening or intake process or has been placed on a waiting list.

Codependent/collateral—Must meet all of the following criteria:

• Has no alcohol or drug related problem
• Is seeking services because of problems arising from his or her relationship with an alcohol or drug user
• Has been formally admitted for service to a treatment unit
• Has his or her own client record or has a record within a primary client record

GUIDELINES: Reporting of data for Codependent/collaterals is optional. If the state opts to report codependent/collateral clients, the mandatory fields are State code, Provider identifier, Client identifier, Client transaction type, Codependent/collateral, and Date of admission. Reporting of the remaining fields in the TEDS Minimum and Supplemental Data Sets is optional. For all items not reported, the data field should be coded with the appropriate “Not collected” or “Not applicable” code.

If a substance abuse client with an existing record in TEDS becomes a codependent, a new client record should be submitted indicating that the client has been admitted as a codependent, and vice versa.

If a record does not include a value for this field, it is assumed to be a substance abuse client record.

DATE OF ADMISSION

The day when the client receives his or her first direct treatment or recovery service. For transfers, this is the date when client receives his or her first direct treatment after the transfer has occurred.

DEMOGRAPHICS

AGE

Identifies client’s age at admission. Derived from client’s date of birth and date of admission.

• 0—Indicates a newborn with a substance dependency problem
• 1-96—Indicates the age at admission

EDUCATION

Specifies the highest school grade (number of school years) completed by the client.

• 0—Less than one grade completed
• 1-25—Years of school (highest grade) completed. For General Equivalency Degree, use 12.

GUIDELINES: States that use specific categories for designating education level should map their codes to a logical number of years of school completed. For Associate’s Degree, use 14. For Bachelor’s Degree, use 16.

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Identifies the client’s employment status at the time of admission or transfer.

• Full time—Working 35 hours or more each week, including active duty members of the uniformed services
• Part time—Working fewer than 35 hours each week
• Unemployed—Looking for work during the past 30 days, or on layoff from a job
• Not in labor force—Not looking for work during the past 30 days, or a student, homemaker, disabled, retired, or an inmate of an institution. Clients in this category are further defined in the TEDS Supplemental Data Set item Detailed not-in-labor-force.

GUIDELINES: Seasonal workers are coded in this category based on their employment status at admission.

ETHNICITY

Identifies client’s specific Hispanic origin.

• Cuban—Of Cuban origin, regardless of race
• Hispanic­ (specific origin not specified)—Of Hispanic origin, but specific origin not known or not specified
• Mexican—Of Mexican origin, regardless of race
• Not of Hispanic origin
• Other specific Hispanic—Of known Central or South American or any other Spanish cultural origin (including Spain), other than Puerto Rican, Mexican, or Cuban, regardless of race
• Puerto Rican—Of Puerto Rican origin, regardless of race

GUIDELINES: If a state does not collect specific Hispanic detail, code Ethnicity for Hispanics as Hispanic (specific origin not specified).

RACE

Specifies the client’s race.

• Alaska Native (Aleut, Eskimo, Indian)—Origins in any of the original people of Alaska
• American Indian (other than Alaska Native)—Origins in any of the original people of North America and South America (including Central America) and who maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community attachment
• Asian or Pacific Islander—Origins in any of the original people of the Far East, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, or the Pacific Islands
  • Asian—Origins in any of the original people of the Far East, the Indian subcontinent, or Southeast Asia, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam
  • Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander—Origins in any of the original people of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands
• Black or African American—Origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa
• White—Origins in any of the original people of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East
• Other single race—Client is not classified in any category above or whose origin group, because of area custom, is regarded as a racial class distinct from the above categories
• Two or more races—For use when the state data system allows multiple race selection and more than one race is indicated

GUIDELINES: If a state does not distinguish between American Indian and Alaska Native, both should be coded as American Indian. If a state does not distinguish between Asian and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, both should be coded as Asian or Pacific Islander. For states that collect multiple races: a) when a single race is designated, the specific race code should be used; b) if the state collects a primary or preferred race along with additional races, the code for the primary/preferred race should be used; c) if the state uses a system such as an algorithm to select a single race when multiple races have been designated, the same system may be used to determine the race code for TEDS. When two or more races have been designated and neither (b) nor (c) above apply, the TEDS code for Two or more races should be used.

SEX

Identifies client’s gender.

• Male
• Female

FREQUENCY OF USE (OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY SUBSTANCES)

These fields identify the frequency of use of the respective Substance problems.

• No use in the past month
• 1-3 times in the past month
• 1-2 times in the past week
• 3-6 times in the past week
• Daily

MEDICATION-ASSISTED OPIOID THERAPY

Identifies whether the use of methadone or buprenorphine is part of the client’s treatment plan.

• Yes
• No

NUMBER OF PRIOR TREATMENT EPISODES

Indicates the number of previous treatment episodes the client has received in any drug or alcohol program. Changes in service for the same episode (transfers) should not be counted as separate prior episodes.

• 0 previous episodes
• 1 previous episode
• 2 previous episodes
• 3 previous episodes
• 4 previous episodes
• 5 or more previous episodes

GUIDELINES: It is preferred that the number of prior treatments be a self-reporting field collected at the time of client intake. However, this data item may be derived from the state data system if the system has that capability and episodes can be counted for at least several years.

PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF REFERRAL

Describes the person or agency referring the client to the alcohol or drug abuse treatment program.

• Alcohol/drug abuse care provider—Any program, clinic, or other health care provider whose principal objective is treating clients with substance abuse problems, or a program whose activities are related to alcohol or other drug abuse prevention, education, or treatment
  
• Court/criminal justice referral/DUI/DWI—Any police official, judge, prosecutor, probation officer, or other person affiliated with a federal, state, or county judicial system. Includes referral by a court for DWI/DUI, clients referred in lieu of or for deferred prosecution, or during pretrial release, or before or after official adjudication. Includes clients on pre-parole, pre-release, work or home furlough, or TASC. Client need not be officially designated as “on parole.” Includes clients referred through civil commitment. Client referrals on this category are further defined in the TEDS Supplemental Data Set item Detailed criminal justice referral.
• Employer/EAP—A supervisor or an employee counselor
• Individual (includes self-referral)—Includes the client, a family member, friend, or any other individual who would not be included in any of the following categories; includes self-referral due to pending DWI/DUI
• Other community referral—Community or religious organization or any federal, state, or local agency that provides aid in the areas of poverty relief, unemployment, shelter, or social welfare. Self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Al-Anon, and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) are also included in this category. Defense attorneys are included in this category.
• Other health care provider—A physician, psychiatrist, or other licensed health care professional; or a general hospital, psychiatric hospital, mental health program, or nursing home
• School (educational)—A school principal, counselor, or teacher; or a student assistance program (SAP), the school system, or an educational agency

SUBSTANCE PROBLEM (PRIMARY, SECONDARY, OR TERTIARY)

These fields identify the client’s primary, secondary, and tertiary substance problems. Each Substance problem (primary, secondary, and tertiary) has associated fields for Route of administration, Frequency of use, Age at first use, and the TEDS Supplemental Data Set item Detailed drug code.

• Alcohol
• Barbiturates—Amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, etc.
• Benzodiazepines—Includes alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, halazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, temazepam, triazolam, and other unspecified benzodiazepines
• Cocaine/crack
• Heroin
• Inhalants—Includes chloroform, ether, gasoline, glue, nitrous oxide, paint thinner, etc.
• Marijuana/hashish—Includes THC and any other cannabis sativa preparations
• Methamphetamine
• Non-prescription methadone
• Other amphetamines—Includes amphetamines, MDMA, phenmetrazine, and other unspecified amines and related drugs
• Other hallucinogens—Includes LSD, DMT, STP, hallucinogens, mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, etc.
• Other non-barbiturate sedatives or hypnotics—Includes chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, methaqualone, and other non-barbiturate sedatives or hypnotics
• Other non-benzodiazepine tranquilizers—Includes meprobamate and other non-benzodiazepine tranquilizers
• Other opiates and synthetics—Includes buprenorphine, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone, pentazocine, propoxyphene, tramadol, and any other drug with morphine-like effects
• Other stimulants—Includes methylphenidate and any other stimulants
• Over-the-counter medications—Includes aspirin, cough syrup, diphenhydramine and other antihistamines, sleep aids, and any other legally obtained nonprescription medication
• PCP—Phencyclidine
• Other—Includes diphenylhydantoin/phenytoin, GHB/GBL, ketamine, etc.
• None

GUIDELINES: Substance problems are further defined in the TEDS Supplemental Data Set item Detailed drug code. For guidance on which specific substances to include in the substance categories, please refer to the detailed drug categories listed for Detailed drug code.

• Substance problem and Route of administration:
  • For states that do collect Detailed drug code—Records may have duplicate Substance problems and identical Route of administration IF the corresponding Detailed drug codes are different or are ‘‘multiple’’ drug codes
  • For states that do not collect Detailed drug code—A record may not have duplicate Substance problems with identical Routes of administration

TRANSACTION TYPE

Identifies whether a record is for an initial admission or a transfer/change in service. Note: Some states may use other terminology such as “initial admission” and “transfer admission” in place of “admission” and “transfer.”

• A—Admission
• T—Transfer/change in service

GUIDELINES: For TEDS, a treatment episode is defined as that period of service between the beginning of treatment for a drug or alcohol problem and the termination of services for the prescribed treatment plan. The episode includes one admission (when services begin) and at least one discharge (when services end). Within a treatment episode, a client may transfer to a different service, facility, provider, program, or location. Each admission and transfer record should have an associated discharge record.

When it is feasible for the state to identify transfers, they should be reported as transfers in admissions data submissions. When admissions and transfers cannot be differentiated in a state data system, such changes in service or facility should be reported to TEDS as admissions.

Data set considerations for transfers:

• All fields from the transfer record should be updated to reflect values at the time of transfer except the following fields, which must have the same values as in the associated (preceding) admission record: Client ID, Codependent/collateral, Date of birth, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity. If a field cannot be updated, it should be transmitted to TEDS with its value from the associated (preceding) admission record.
• Date of admission is defined as the date services begin after the transfer to another service or facility.

TYPE OF SERVICES

Describes the type of service and treatment setting in which the client is placed at the time of admission or transfer.

• Ambulatory, detoxification—Outpatient treatment services providing for safe withdrawal in an ambulatory setting (pharmacological or non-pharmacological)
• Ambulatory, intensive outpatient—As a minimum, the client must receive treatment lasting two or more hours per day for three or more days per week
• Ambulatory, non-intensive outpatient—Ambulatory treatment services including individual, family, and/or group services, and may include pharmacological therapies
• Detoxification, 24-hour service, free-standing residential—24-hour per day services in a non-hospital setting providing for safe withdrawal and transition to ongoing treatment
• Detoxification­, 24-hour service, hospital inpatient—24-hour per day medical acute care services in a hospital setting for detoxification of persons with severe medical complications associated with withdrawal
• Rehabilitation/residential, hospital (other than detoxification)—24-hour per day medical care in a hospital facility in conjunction with treatment services for alcohol and other drug abuse and dependency
• Rehabilitation/residential, short-term (30 days or fewer)—Typical­ly, 30 days or less of non-acute care in a setting with treatment services for alcohol and other drug abuse and dependency
• Rehabilitation/residential, long-term (more than 30 days)—Typically, more than 30 days of non-acute care in a setting with treatment services for alcohol and other drug abuse and dependency; this may include transitional living arrangements such as halfway houses

USUAL ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION (OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY SUBSTANCES)

These fields identify the usual route of administration of the respective Substance problems.

• Inhalation
  
• Injection (IV or intramuscular)
  
• Oral
  
• Smoking
  
• Other

DATE OF DISCHARGE

The date when the client was formally discharged from the treatment facility or service. The date may be the same as the date of last contact. In the event of a change of service or provider within an episode of treatment, it is the date the service terminated or the date the treatment ended at a particular provider.

DATE OF LAST CONTACT

The date when the client was last seen for a treatment. The date may be the same as the date of discharge. In the event of a change of service or provider within an episode of treatment, it is the date the client transferred to another service or provider.

DETAILED NOT IN LABOR FORCE AT DISCHARGE

This field gives more detailed information about those clients who are coded as “not in the labor force.”

• Disabled
  
• Homemaker
  
• Inmate of institution (e.g., Prison, long-term hospital, etc.)
  
• Other
  
• Retired
  
• Student

FREQUENCY OF ATTENDANCE AT SELF-HELP PROGRAMS IN 30 DAYS PRIOR TO DISCHARGE

This field records the number of times the client has attended a self-help program in the 30 days preceding the date of discharge from treatment services.

• No attendance in the past month
  
• 1-3 times in the past month
  
• 4-7 times in the past month
  
• 8-15 times in the past month
  
• 16-30 times in the past month
  
• Some attendance in the past month, but frequency unknown

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AT DISCHARGE

This field records whether the client is homeless, living with parents, in a supervised setting, or living on his or her own at the time of discharge.

• Dependent living—Clients living in a supervised setting such as a residential institution, halfway house or group home, and children (under age living with parents, relatives, or guardians or in foster care).
  
• Homeless—Clients with no fixed address; includes shelters.
  
• Independent living—Clients living alone or with others without supervision.

NUMBER OF ARRESTS IN 30 DAYS PRIOR TO DISCHARGE

This field records the number of arrests in the 30 days preceding from treatment services.

• 00-96—Number of arrests

REASON FOR DISCHARGE, TRANSFER, OR DISCONTINUANCE OF TREATMENT

Indicates the outcome of treatment or the reason for transfer or discontinuance of treatment.

• Death
  
• Incarcerated—Jail, prison, house confinement
  
• Left against professional advice (dropped out)—Client chose not to complete treatment program, with or without specific advice to continue treatment; includes clients who dropped out for unknown reasons and clients who did not receive a treatment service for some time and were discharged for administrative reasons
  
• Other—Client moved, became ill, was hospitalized, or other reason somewhat out of client’s control
  
• Terminated by facility—Treatment terminated by action of facility, generally because of client non-compliance or violation of rules, laws, or procedures (excludes client drop-out, incarceration, or client-motivated reason for discontinuance)
  
• Transferred to another substance abuse program or facility—Client was transferred to another substance abuse treatment service type, program, provider, or facility; client may or may not have reported to the new program or facility
  
• Treatment completed—All parts of the treatment plan or program were completed
  
• Unknown—Client status at discharge not known (e.g., record incomplete or lost); not to be used for clients who dropped out of treatment

TYPE OF SERVICE AT DISCHARGE

See TEDS Minimum Data Set item Type of service at admission for definitions.

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