Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:
Detailed Tables

Acknowledgments

These tables were prepared by the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and by RTI International, a registered trademark and a trade name of Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Work by RTI was performed under Contract No. HHSS283201300001C. Contributors and reviewers at RTI listed alphabetically include Kevin T. Adams, Tricia Adams, Jeremy Aldworth, Katherine J. Asman, Stephanie N. Barnett, Ellen Bishop, Michael R. Bradshaw, Kristen Brown, Lisa A. Carpenter, Pinliang (Patrick) Chen, Chuchun Chien, Devon S. Cribb, Lanting Dai, Teresa R. Davis, Susan L. Edwards, Glynis S. Ewing, Barbara J. Felts, Misty S. Foster, Peter A. Frechtel, Julia M. Gable, Gina M. Geercken, Harper Gordek, Paxton S. Gorsage, Rebecca K. Granger, Wafa Handley, Rachel M. Harter, Erica L. Hirsch, David Hunter (Project Director), Phillip S. Kott, Larry A. Kroutil, Jeffrey S. Laufenberg, Philip K. Lee, Dan Liao, Nicole Mack, Peilan Chen Martin, Dexter McNutt, Andrew S. Moore, Kayla J. Nowak, Lisa E. Packer, Michael R. Pemberton, Jeremy D. Porter, Rosanna S. Quiroz, Jessica L. Roycroft, Jill W. Ruppenkamp, Ana Saravia, Neeraja S. Sathe, Jennifer H. Schoden, Kathryn E. Spagnola, Jiantong (Jean) Wang, Lauren K. Warren, Matthew J. Westlake, and Carol L. Woodell. Contributors at SAMHSA listed alphabetically include Rebecca Ahrnsbrak, Jonaki Bose, Barbara Forsyth, Sarra L. Hedden, Joel Kennet, Rachel N. Lipari, Grace E. Medley, Eunice Park-Lee, Kathryn Piscopo, Peter Tice (Project Officer), and Matthew R. Williams. At RTI, Farrah Bullock Mann and Brenda K. Porter formatted the tables; Amber M. Rohloff and Richard S. Straw provided editorial assistance; and Teresa F. Bass, Debbie F. Bond, Kimberly H. Cone, Daniel Occoquan, Pamela Couch Prevatt, and Pamela G. Tuck provided web conversion and/or document production support.

Introduction

List of Tables Containing Prevalence Estimates and Sample Sizes - Table Types A, B, and N (If Applicable)

Illicit Drug Use Tables – 1.1 to 1.116
Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use Tables – 2.1 to 2.57
Risk and Protective Factor Tables – 3.1 to 3.33
Incidence Tables – 4.1 to 4.13
Substance Use Disorder and Treatment Tables – 5.1 to 5.54
Miscellaneous Tables – 6.1 to 6.90
Trend Tables – 7.1 to 7.40
Adult Mental Health Tables – 8.1 to 8.85
Youth Mental Health Tables – 9.1 to 9.15
Adult Mental Health Trend Tables – 10.1 to 10.41
Youth Mental Health Trend Tables – 11.1 to 11.6
Sample Size and Population Tables – 12.1 to 12.9

List of Tables Containing Standard Errors and P Values - Table Types C, D, and P (If Applicable)

Introduction

Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables is a collection of tables presenting national estimates from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).¹ These tables present information for youths aged 12 to 17 and adults 18 or older (separately and combined) on drug, alcohol, and tobacco use, as well as substance use disorder (SUD) (also referred to as dependence or abuse), risk and availability of substance use, treatment, health topics, and alcohol consumption.² For youths, additional topics include youth experiences and measures on mental health service utilization, major depressive episode (MDE), and treatment for depression (among youths with MDE). For adults, additional topics include measures on any mental illness (AMI), serious mental illness (SMI), AMI excluding SMI, mental health service utilization (i.e., treatment or counseling for mental health issues), suicidal thoughts and behaviors, MDE, treatment for depression (among adults with MDE), and serious psychological distress (SPD). Measures such as the co-occurrence of mental disorders with substance use or with SUDs also are presented for both adults and youths. Measures of these behaviors and characteristics are presented by a variety of demographic, geographic, and other variables. The estimates in the tables include prevalence rates of the behaviors, numbers of persons engaging in these behaviors, and other measures. A small number of measures are no longer comparable with measures from previous years, but the 2-year trend table format was retained in the detailed tables in order to help illustrate this lack of comparability.

A summary report, 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions, accompanies these detailed tables.³ In that report, information on key definitions (i.e., see the glossary in its Section D) can be found for many of the measures and terms used in these detailed tables and in other 2016 NSDUH documents, along with further analytic details on these measures (see its Section B in particular) and the survey. Where relevant, the glossary provides cross-references between terms and specific question wording for clarity.

In addition to these detailed tables, three first findings reports (FFRs) from the 2016 NSDUH that are focused on key substance use and mental health indicators, receipt of services for substance use and mental health issues among adults, and risk and protective factors and initiation of substance use are scheduled to be made available online in September 2017 at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.

SURVEY DESIGN

A coordinated sample design was developed for the 2014 through 2017 NSDUHs. It is a state-based design with an independent, multistage area probability sample within each state and the District of Columbia. As a result, states are viewed as the first level of stratification. Each state is further stratified into approximately equally populated state sampling regions (SSRs). Creation of each year's multistage area probability sample then involves selecting census tracts within each SSR, census block groups within census tracts, and area segments (i.e., a collection of census blocks) within census block groups. Finally, dwelling units (DUs) are selected within segments, and within each selected DU, up to two residents who are at least 12 years old are selected for interviewing.

This partitioning of states divided the United States into a total of 750 SSRs, which results in 750 degrees of freedom for most national estimates presented in these detailed tables. Estimates for mean age of first use (AFU) and average number of days used are the exception. These estimates are treated differently because of the possibility of smaller sample sizes; therefore, they potentially belong to fewer variance estimation strata, and cell-specific degrees of freedom are used. For more information on degrees of freedom, see Section 6 of the 2015 NSDUH statistical inference report.⁴

The coordinated design for 2014 through 2017 includes a 50 percent overlap in third-stage units (area segments) within each successive 2-year period from 2014 through 2017. The designed overlap slightly increases the precision of estimates of year-to-year trends because of the expected small but positive correlation resulting from the overlapping area segments between successive survey years. The design also allocates more interviews to the largest 12 states (compared with the 1999 to 2013 design). Making the sample sizes more proportional to the state population sizes improves the precision of NSDUH estimates.

Starting in 2014, the allocation of the sample by age group changed. In the 2005 through 2013 NSDUHs, the sample was allocated equally between three age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 or older. Starting in 2014, the allocation of the NSDUH sample became 25 percent for adolescents aged 12 to 17, 25 percent for adults aged 18 to 25, and 50 percent for adults aged 26 or older. The sample of adults aged 26 or older was further divided into three subgroups: aged 26 to 34 (15 percent), aged 35 to 49 (20 percent), and aged 50 or older (15 percent). These age allocation changes were designed to reflect more closely the actual population distributions by state and age group, so that the precision of estimates overall and for older age groups could be improved.

BREAKS IN TRENDS DUE TO QUESTIONNAIRE AND OTHER CHANGES

NSDUH has undergone changes over the years in order to improve the quality of its data and to address the changing needs of policymakers and researchers with regard to substance use and mental health issues. These changes affect the level of comparability across years, and many times cause breaks in trends. Information pertaining to some of the more major changes over the years as they pertain to the detailed tables are summarized below. For more detailed information on these revisions and revisions that do not pertain to the detailed tables, see Sections B and C of the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.⁵

2016 Changes and Impact

Changes to Specific Prescription Drugs

To account for changing popularity and availability of specific prescription drugs, the survey has been designed to allow for the addition and removal of specific prescription drugs from year to year.⁶ These specific prescription drugs were further categorized into subtypes and presented as such in the detailed tables. The following specific prescription drugs from 2015 were removed because they had been discontinued or were reported infrequently in the 2015 data: Roxicet^®, Actiq^®, buspirone, hydroxyzine, meprobamate, and Ritalin^® SR. Additionally, buprenorphine plus naloxone was added to the prescription pain relievers section. The impact of these changes was evaluated, and it was determined that the removal and addition of these drugs did not change the comparability of the subtype or overall pain reliever estimates presented in the detailed tables.

The any past year use of prescription pain reliever response option for Tylenol^® with codeine 3 or 4 was modified to clarify that this drug was not the same as over-the-counter Tylenol^® in order to reduce potential confusion between these two similarly sounding drug names. As expected, there was a reduction in reports of using Tylenol^® with codeine 3 or 4. The impact assessment confirmed that codeine products were not comparable between 2015 and 2016, but the overall pain relievers category remained comparable. The lack of comparability for codeine products has been noted in the detailed tables that present estimates for prescription pain relievers, opioids, and prescription psychotherapeutics.

Changes to Education Measures

In 2016, the question about current school enrollment was reworded to clarify the question for younger respondents. Instead of asking "Are you now attending or are you currently enrolled in school?" the question was revised to say "Do you go to school?" The revised question also instructs respondents to answer "yes" if they were "on holiday or break from school, such as spring break or summer vacation, but plan to return when the break is over." A decrease in the percentage of adolescents aged 12 to 17 who reported currently being enrolled in school was seen between 2015 and 2016. The current school enrollment data are used in the creation of the college enrollment estimates, which for the 2016 detailed tables are considered comparable based on an impact assessment.

Additionally, text defining what is included in the term "school" was added for consistency to a different current school enrollment question asked specifically of youths. These current enrollment data are used to subset the student characteristic, adult involvement, and youth perceptions' tables in Section 3 of the detailed tables. After an assessment analysis, it was determined that the additional text had a negligible effect on the resulting data.

Changes to Driving Under the Influence Measures

Starting with the 2016 NSDUH, respondents who reported past year alcohol use or selected illicit drug use were asked individual questions about driving under the influence of each substance they indicated using. The selected illicit drugs include marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and methamphetamine. Previously, questions about driving under the influence of illicit drugs did not specify individual drugs and were asked of past year users of illicit drugs including prescription psychotherapeutics. After analyzing the 2016 estimates for driving under the influence and comparing the results with the 2015 estimates, it was determined that breaks in trends occurred for all measures of driving under the influence, including the measure of driving under the influence of alcohol, only because of associated context effects from other changes in this section. (A context effect may be said to take place when the response to a question is affected by information that is not part of the question itself.)

Changes to OxyContin^® and Oxycodone Product Estimates

Starting with the 2016 NSDUH, OxyContin^® and Oxycodone estimates in the pain reliever subtype detailed tables are based on the imputation-revised OxyContin^® use and misuse variables. In the 2015 detailed tables, these estimates were based on the edited OxyContin^® use and misuse variables. As a result, the 2015 estimates in the 2016 detailed tables may not match those presented in the 2015 detailed tables. Although the estimates based on the edited OxyContin^® use and misuse variables are not incorrect, the estimates based on the imputation revised OxyContin^® use and misuse variables are recommended.

Changes to Standard Error Estimates

As with previous detailed tables, a "mixed" method approach for calculating standard errors was implemented in the 2016 detailed tables. Standard errors for controlled domains are calculated assuming no sampling error while standard errors for uncontrolled domains are calculated directly in SUDAAN^®.⁷ Controlled domains are domains where the weight calibration process forces the domain size estimates to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau population estimates. For more information on calculating standard errors in the detailed tables and controlled domains, see Section 5 of the 2015 NSDUH statistical inference report.⁸ In the 2015 detailed tables numbered 1.28 to 1.87, some three-way interactions were inadvertently treated as controlled domains. Per NSDUH standard practices for detailed tables, three-way interactions should be treated as uncontrolled. These three-way interactions were treated as uncontrolled in the 2016 detailed tables numbered 1.29 to 1.66; therefore, the standard errors of the total estimates for the non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black categories may be different from those presented in the 2015 detailed tables.

2015 NSDUH Redesign Changes and Impact

The NSDUH questionnaire underwent a partial redesign in 2015. The prescription drug questions for pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives were redesigned to shift the focus from lifetime misuse to past year misuse. Additionally, questions were added about any past year prescription drug use, rather than just misuse. A separate section with methamphetamine questions was added, replacing the methamphetamine questions that were previously asked within the context of prescription stimulants. Substantial changes were also made to questions about smokeless tobacco, binge alcohol use, inhalants, and hallucinogens.

These changes led to breaks in the comparability of 2015 estimates with estimates from prior years. Consequently, these changes affected overall summary measures, such as any illicit drug use, and other measures, such as initiation, SUDs, and substance use treatment. Additionally, certain demographic items were changed as part of the partial redesign. Employment questions were moved from the computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) section to the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) section of the questionnaire. Education questions were updated, and new questions were added on disability, English-language proficiency, sexual orientation of adults, and military families.

Due to the breaks in comparability, many estimates from years prior to 2015 have been noted in the detailed tables as not comparable due to methodological changes. These include measures of overall illicit drug use; use of hallucinogens, inhalants, and methamphetamine; misuse of psychotherapeutics; binge and heavy alcohol use overall and among females; smokeless tobacco use; and substance use treatment. Additionally, 2015 estimates by education and current employment have been noted as not comparable with prior years. Other topics, such as the mental health topics, did not undergo major changes and therefore are considered comparable.

Any use of prescription drugs includes both use as directed by a doctor and misuse. Misuse includes use in any way not directed by a doctor, including (a) use without a prescription of one's own; (b) use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told to take a medication; or (c) use in any other way that was not directed by a doctor. Starting in 2015, the detailed tables no longer use the term "nonmedical use" and instead use the term "misuse." For more specific information about each of the 2015 NSDUH changes, see Section C of the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.⁹

Starting with the 2015 NSDUH, there was a change in the focus of the questions for specific prescription psychotherapeutic drugs. The focus shifted from lifetime use of all respondents to use more than 12 months ago among respondents who last misused any prescription psychotherapeutic drug in any of the four categories (pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives). This shift appeared to cause an underreporting of lifetime prescription drug misuse compared with prior years. This underreporting might be because respondents are no longer presented with examples of drugs that formerly were available by prescription in the United States but are no longer available and because many fewer questions ask about lifetime use. These respondents who did not report misuse that occurred more than 12 months ago would be misclassified as still being "at risk" for initiation of misuse of prescription drugs in that psychotherapeutic category (i.e., individuals who initiated misuse more than 12 months ago are no longer at risk for initiation). For this reason, starting with the 2015 detailed tables, percentages for initiation of misuse of psychotherapeutic drugs among individuals who were at risk for initiation are not shown. The tables also do not show estimates for lifetime psychotherapeutic drug use. For more specific information about each of the 2015 changes, see Sections B.4.1 and B.4.2 in Section B of the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.¹⁰

In order to evaluate the changes from the 2015 redesign, a 12-month questionnaire redesign impact assessment was completed.¹¹ Analyses were conducted on a subset of variables associated with the detailed tables to check for potential trend breaks, including the risk and availability measures. After significant differences between 2015 and previous years were found for 16 of 17 raw risk and availability variables during an initial analysis, logistic regression models were run on dichotomous recodes. All of the perceived great risk of harm associated with the substance use measures yielded a significant increase in 2015 compared with previous years. Extreme weights and missingness rates were investigated to ensure that these were not the cause of the difference. It was determined that these measures are not comparable for years prior to 2015.

Previous Mental Health Changes and Impact

Because of additional survey improvements and questionnaire changes to the mental health sections between 2002 and 2012, it is not possible to assess long-term trends for all of the mental health issues. A summary of the changes is described below, but for more detailed information on revisions, see Sections B.4.6 and B.4.7 in Section B of the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.¹²

In 2012, revisions were made to the 2008 to 2011 past year AMI and SMI estimates. Past year mental illness estimates for 2008 through 2011 found in mental health detailed tables and reports published prior to 2012 were based on a prediction model for mental illness developed using the 2008 clinical data from the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS). An improved model was used for estimates starting in 2012. For the 2012, 2013, and 2014 mental health detailed tables and the 2015 and 2016 detailed tables, the 2012 to 2016 estimates and the previous 2008 to 2011 estimates are based on the 2012 model.

It is recommended that the mental illness variables derived from the 2012 model not be used when analyzing variables for past year suicidal thoughts, past year MDE, the Kessler-6 (K6) mental disorder scale, or the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) scale, and it is also recommended that the mental illness variables derived from the 2012 model not be used when analyzing other closely linked variables (including past year suicide attempts, past year suicide plans, medical treatment for suicide attempts, lifetime MDE, SPD, or components used in the K6 or WHODAS scales). For detailed information on model revisions to the mental illness items, see Section B.4.7 in Section B of 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.¹³ As with the mental illness estimates based on the 2008 model, the mental illness estimates based on the 2012 model are not comparable with SMI estimates produced from NSDUH data prior to 2004, and SMI estimates were not produced from 2004 to 2007; thus, long‑term trend estimates are not available for SMI.

Because of the 2008 questionnaire revisions to the mental health module, several estimates in 2008 (MDE and past 12-month SPD) were affected by context effects. However, an adjustment for the questionnaire changes was applied to estimates of MDE for 2005 to 2008. For more detailed information, see Section B.4.8 in Section B of the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.¹⁴ Therefore, long-term trend estimates for these two measures are available from 2005 through 2016. No additional questionnaire changes from 2009 to 2016 have led to changes in these adult measures. Moreover, no questionnaire changes have been implemented that affected the adult mental health service utilization questions; therefore, estimates of mental health service utilization presented in these detailed tables reflect trends from 2002 to 2016. The only exceptions are estimates that combine mental health data with other topics that are considered not comparable.

No questionnaire revisions affected MDE for youths aged 12 to 17; thus, long-term trend estimates are available from 2004 through 2016. However, revisions to the youth mental health service utilization module of the 2009 NSDUH questionnaire resulted in new estimates and a discontinuation of trends for several items on the source of mental health services. New questions regarding the receipt of mental health services from juvenile justice sources were added in 2009, and questions regarding services from educational sources were revised and are not comparable with estimates prior to 2009.

Changes to Previously Published 2006 to 2010 Estimates

During regular data collection and processing checks for the 2011 NSDUH, data errors were identified. These errors affected the data for Pennsylvania (2006 to 2010) and Maryland (2008 and 2009). Cases with erroneous data were removed from the data files, and the remaining cases were reweighted to provide representative estimates. The errors had minimal impact on the national estimates and no effect on direct estimates for the other 48 states and the District of Columbia. In reports where model-based small area estimation (SAE) techniques are used, estimates for all states may be affected, even though the errors were concentrated in only two states. In reports that do not use model-based estimates, the only estimates appreciably affected are estimates for Pennsylvania, Maryland, the mid-Atlantic division, and the Northeast region.

The 2016 detailed tables and 2016 FFRs do not include state-level, model-based, or division-level estimates. However, the 2016 detailed tables do include estimates for the Northeast region. Estimates based on 2006 to 2010 data may differ from previously published estimates. Tables and estimates based only on data since 2011 are unaffected by these data errors. All affected tables (i.e., tables with estimates based on 2006 to 2010 data) contain a note to indicate this to the user.

Caution is advised when comparing data from older reports with data from more recent reports that are based on corrected data files. As discussed above, comparisons of estimates for Pennsylvania, Maryland, the mid-Atlantic division, and the Northeast region are of most concern, while comparisons of national data or data for other states and regions are essentially still valid. The Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ) within the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) does not recommend making comparisons between unrevised 2006 to 2010 estimates and estimates based on data for 2011 and subsequent years for the areas of greatest concern.

New 2002 Baseline

Methodological differences implemented in the 2002 NSDUH affected the comparability of the 2002 estimates with prior surveys. Some of the changes included the addition of a $30 incentive, a change in the survey name from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) to the current name, and updated population data from the 2000 decennial census being incorporated into the sample weights. Because of these improvements in the 2002 NSDUH, the 2002 data constitute a new baseline for tracking trends in substance use and other measures. Therefore, estimates from the 2002 through 2016 surveys should not be compared with estimates from the 2001 or earlier surveys to examine changes over time. In addition to the 2002 baseline change, the aforementioned 2015 and 2016 changes may also constitute a new baseline for various measures.

Methodology changes throughout NSDUH's history make it difficult to assess long-term trends from tables presenting data from 1971 to 2016. However, it is instructive to compare NSDUH estimates from 1971 to 2016 by "piecing together" the data from time periods for which data are comparable. Specifically, valid trend comparisons can be made for 1971 to 1998, 1999 to 2001, and 2002 to 2016. With this approach, comparisons between 1998 and 1999, and between 2001 and 2002, should be made with caution because they are potentially biased due to changes in methods. Nevertheless, when these data are combined in a single presentation, it often becomes clear that the effects of the changes in methods are small compared with the major shifts in substance use prevalence that have occurred over the past five decades.

TABLE PRESENTATION

Although the majority of the detailed tables present estimates from the 2015 and 2016 NSDUHs, some tables include only estimates from the 2016 NSDUH. Additionally, due to the 2016 questionnaire changes, two tables presenting estimates for driving under the influence of various substances are formatted to present 2 years of data, but all of the 2015 estimates are noted as being not comparable ("nc") or not reported ("nr"). The tables are formatted to allow the ability to present 2 years of estimates in subsequent years when more data are available. As more comparable years of data become available, multiyear trend tables for both measures that had a break in trend in 2015 due to the redesign and the driving under the influence measures mentioned earlier will be added. Also included are a number of tables that present data from prior surveys in the series, including a section of tables presenting data mainly from 2002 to 2016 or 2008 to 2016, with a few tables with data with various years starting from 2004 to 2009 and a couple of tables presenting data from 1971 to 2016. The following sections provide information on how the tables are organized, the types of tables that are available, information about specific indicators used for the 2016 detailed tables, information on missingness, information on the impact of rounding on estimates presented in the tables, and how totals are to be interpreted within the tables.

Table Numbering

The detailed tables are numbered using a three-part numbering scheme (e.g., 1.15A). The first part of the table number (1.15A) is the subject matter section to which a particular table belongs. The second part (1.15A) is the number of the table within a particular section. The third part (1.15A) is a table type indicator, an alphabetic letter appended to the table number. Each table number, as explained below, has multiple table types. Tables are numbered sequentially within each subject matter section. Identical tables across years may not be assigned the same table number each year.

In 2014, there were two sets of detailed tables—the detailed tables and the mental health detailed tables. The 2014 detailed tables included eight sections, and the 2014 mental health detailed tables contained three sections. A crosswalk has been included below that shows the detailed tables by section in the 2014 detailed tables and the sections within the 2015 and 2016 detailed tables.

2014 Table Section	2015 and 2016 Table Section
Detailed Tables
Sections 1 to 7	Sections 1 to 7
Section 8 (Sample Size and Population Tables)	Section 12
Mental Health Detailed Tables
Section 1 (Adult Mental Health 2-Year Tables)	Section 8
Section 1 (Adult Mental Health Multiyear Trend Tables)	Section 10
Section 2 (Youth Mental Health 2-Year Tables)	Section 9
Section 2 (Youth Mental Health Multiyear Trend Tables)	Section 11
Section 3 (Sample Size and Population Tables)	Section 12

The 12 subject matter sections and the number of tables per section in 2016 are as follows:

Section 1: Illicit Drug Use Tables – 1.1 to 1.116

Section 2: Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use Tables – 2.1 to 2.57

Section 3: Risk and Protective Factor Tables – 3.1 to 3.33

Section 4: Incidence Tables – 4.1 to 4.13

Section 5: Substance Use Disorder and Treatment Tables – 5.1 to 5.54

Section 6: Miscellaneous Tables – 6.1 to 6.90

Section 7: Trend Tables – 7.1 to 7.40

Section 8: Adult Mental Health Tables – 8.1 to 8.85

Section 9: Youth Mental Health Tables – 9.1 to 9.15

Section 10: Adult Mental Health Trend Tables – 10.1 to 10.41

Section 11: Youth Mental Health Trend Tables – 11.1 to 11.6

Section 12: Sample Size and Population Tables – 12.1 to 12.9

Table Types and Purpose

The table type indicators are primarily defined as follows; however, some exceptions do exist and are noted in subsequent text.

Table Type	Purpose of the Table
A:	Presents estimates of the numbers of persons exhibiting the specified behavior or characteristic (e.g., substance use) in the populations described by the column and row headings.
B:	Presents estimates of the percentages of persons exhibiting the specified behavior or characteristic (e.g., substance use) in the populations described by the column and row headings.
C:	Presents the standard error associated with each of the estimates in the "A" tables.
D:	Presents the standard error associated with each of the estimates in the "B" tables.
N:	Presents the number of cases in the specified NSDUH sample with the characteristics defined by the column and row headings.
P:	Presents the p Values from tests of the statistical significance of differences between columns in the "B" tables.

The majority of tables within the detailed tables contain five table types (A, B, C, D, and P) as defined above. Note that table type N is used exclusively within Section 12 to display the sample size counts. Also, table type P is excluded from sets of tables where no significance testing is performed between 2016 and previous years. This includes tables that show only a single year of data and tables where all of the pre-2016 NSDUH estimates are deemed not comparable (i.e., estimates replaced with "nc" as defined below) or are not reported (i.e., estimates replaced with "nr" as defined below) within a table. Exceptions to this organization are noted as follows:

Section 3 (Risk and Protective Factor Tables) includes tables for which only table types A, B, C, and D are produced (Tables 3.22 to 3.33). These tables present estimates for the 2016 NSDUH only; thus, these are not trend tables, so significance tests between years are not relevant and table type P is not applicable.
Section 4 (Incidence Tables) contains both tables for which only table types A and C are produced and tables for which only table types B, D, and P are produced. Specifically, one subset of tables (Tables 4.9 to 4.12) includes table types A and C. This subset of tables presents the number of past year initiates in table type A and the associated standard errors in table type C. The remaining Section 4 tables include only table types B, D, and P. Tables 4.1 to 4.8 present numbers and percentages of past year initiates in table type B, associated standard errors for each of these estimates in table type D, and p values from tests of statistical differences between years in table type P. Table 4.13 presents the mean age for past year initiates in table type B, associated standard errors in table type D, and p Values from tests of statistical differences between years in table type P.
Section 5 (Substance Use Disorder and Treatment Tables) includes one subset of tables for which table type A contains both numbers and percentages, where the percentages are repeated in the B table and another subset of tables for which only table types A, B, C, and D are produced. Specifically, one subset of tables (Tables 5.42 to 5.45, 5.47 and 5.48, and 5.50 and 5.51) presents estimates among all persons and percentages among persons who needed treatment in the type A tables, where the percentages are repeated in the B tables. The other subset of tables (Tables 5.53 and 5.54). present estimates for the 2016 NSDUH only; thus, these are not trend tables, so significance tests between years are not relevant and table type P is not applicable.
Section 6 (Miscellaneous Tables) contains both tables for which estimates are repeated in the A and B tables and tables for which only table types A, B, C, and D are produced. Specifically, one subset of tables (Tables 6.1 to 6.8) repeats the estimates for the average number of days used in the A and B tables and in the C and D tables. The other subset of tables (Tables 6.84 and 6.85) includes only table types A, B, C, and D. These tables present estimates for driving under the influence of alcohol or selected illicit drugs, which are unavailable or not comparable with estimates from 2015; thus, significance tests between years are not relevant and table type P is not applicable.
Section 7 (Trend Tables) contains one subset of tables for which only table types B and D are produced and one subset of tables for which only table types B, D, and P are produced. Specifically, one subset of tables (Tables 7.39 and 7.40) are multiyear tables that present estimated percentages for 1971 to 2016 in table type B and associated standard errors in table type D. The estimated total number of users and associated standard errors are not presented, nor are between-year significance tests implemented; thus, table types A, C, and P are not used. The other subset of tables (Table 7.33) includes multiyear tables that involve only table types B, D, and P. Table 7.33 presents the mean age at first substance use for past year initiates in table type B, associated standard errors for each of these estimates in table type D, and p Values from tests of statistical differences between years in table type P.
Section 12 (Sample Size and Population Tables) contains only table types A, C, and N. Population counts, standard errors, and sample sizes are displayed in table types A, C, and N, respectively. Percentages of the population and associated standard error tables are not provided in this section.

Table Indicators

Each 2016 detailed table, including those for all of the above table types, contains the following definitional footnote, regardless of whether any or all of the indicators were used in the table:

* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.

The "* = low precision" portion of the footnote indicates an estimate is being suppressed (i.e., not shown) due to low precision.

The "-- = not available" portion of the footnote indicates that for the given year, the questions used to produce the estimates were not available. For example, prior to 2016, respondents were not asked about specifically driving under the influence of marijuana. Thus, for 2015 and earlier years, those estimates are shown with the "--" notation.

The "da = does not apply" portion of the footnote indicates that the question or estimate does not apply to a certain group. For example, in pregnancy tables, the trimester estimates are shown as "da" for overall females and nonpregnant females, and in the incidence tables that show numbers in thousands and percentages in the same table, the p Values for the numbers in thousands are replaced with "da" because the detailed tables only show p Values of tests of differences of percentages.

The "nc = not comparable due to methodological changes" portion of the footnote indicates that estimates for the measure do exist for prior years, but they are no longer comparable with the current year estimate. For example, illicit drug use estimates are available for all years in the detailed tables, but the 2015 and 2016 estimates are not comparable with the 2002 through 2014 estimates due to questionnaire changes. Thus, the 2014 and prior year estimates are shown with the "nc" notation.

The "nr = not reported due to measurement issues" portion of the footnote indicates that the estimate could be calculated based on available data but is not calculated due to potential measurement issues. For example, lifetime use of prescription pain relievers for 2015 and 2016 is shown as "nr" because the questionnaire was changed to focus on past year misuse of pain relievers rather than lifetime past year use of pain relievers, and there appears to be an underestimate of lifetime pain reliever use compared with prior years.

For more information on how low precision is defined and further details on the changes noted above, see Section B.2.2 in Section B and Section C of the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions.¹⁵

Additionally, all type A and B detailed tables where significance testing was performed between years contain the following footnotes, regardless of whether any differences were significant:

^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.

^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.

Tables where significance testing was not performed between years, such as those with only a single year or single group of combined years or those with no comparable estimates for years prior to 2016, do not contain these footnotes.

Missingness

Some measures are not defined for all respondents and have missing data. In the detailed tables, a footnote or note is included to alert a user to the fact that missing data were excluded from the analysis. For the 2016 NSDUH, an investigation was completed to look at missing data rates in the 2016 detailed tables. The investigation was done for all new 2016 measures and existing measures where there was a break in a trend. For other measures, the results from the 2014 and 2015 investigations were assumed to still hold. That is, missing data were not a concern for most topics. Similar results were found in 2016. However, a few items did have a slightly higher rate of missing data (e.g., items on perceived availability of various illicit drugs and items on the source of prescription drugs obtained for most recent use). Specifically, less than 5 percent of the risk, availability, and protective factor subpopulations evaluated in 2016 had both weighted and unweighted missingness rates above 5 percent. The highest weighted rate of numerator missingness was 7.8 percent. These percentages were similar to the results for the risk, availability, and protective factor measures from the 2015 investigation. The exclusion of respondents with missing data induces a negative bias for estimates of population totals and may induce a bias in either direction for estimates of population means and proportions. For more information, see Chapter 4 of the 2015 NSDUH statistical inference report.¹⁶

Rounding and Effect on Significance Testing

Prevalence estimates in the form of percentages are presented rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent, and total estimates are rounded to the nearest thousand. Due to this rounding, prevalence estimates of 0.0 percent and total estimates of 0 are displayed in the tables. These estimates are rounded down from a percentage < 0.05 percent or < 50, respectively, and do not represent an absence of persons displaying a particular characteristic. Nonrounded estimates of zero are suppressed.

Testing between two prevalence estimates can indicate significant differences involving estimates that appear identical when rounded but are actually different. Note that similar results can be seen in the average age-at-first-use estimates and the estimates for the average number of days used, which are also rounded to the nearest tenth, and the total estimates. For example, in Table 1.14B, the estimate for past month heroin use among females aged 12 or older was 0.1 percent for both 2015 and 2016 and was indicated as significantly different. Although the rounded estimates appear the same, the unrounded estimates were 0.066 percent for 2015 and 0.129 percent for 2016. Another example in Table 7.3B, a trend table in the 2016 detailed tables, shows how seemingly identical estimates from previous years can differ in significance when each is compared against the current year estimate. The estimate for past month crack use among people aged 12 or older was 0.1 percent for 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015, but only the 2011 estimate was significantly different from the 2016 estimate of 0.2 percent. Although the rounded estimates for 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015 appeared to be the same, the unrounded estimates were 0.145 percent for 2008, 0.149 percent for 2010, 0.089 percent for 2011, 0.144 percent for 2013, 0.134 percent for 2014, and 0.147 percent for 2015; moreover, each of these estimates had varying standard errors that affected the testing. Note that differences in precision can also cause seemingly identical (or identical) previous year estimates to differ in significance when compared with the current year estimate.

Definitions of Totals

Totals are defined in different ways within the detailed tables. Totals can refer to the estimated number of persons with a specific characteristic, as shown in detailed table type A and displayed in number of thousands. For example, in Table 2.2, the total estimated population of persons aged 12 to 17 who used cigarettes in the past year in 2016 was approximately 1,785,000 and shown as 1,785. Totals can also be presented in the table rows or columns, either as a total of a subgroup category or listed as the "Total Population." If the estimate is a total of a subgroup category (e.g., total of gender), the estimate is the total number of both males and females combined. Instances where measures have missing data may cause the subcategories to not add up to a total and are noted in the tables. If the estimate is shown as the "Total Population" on the row, then that estimate is usually included as a reference for tables with a nonstandard denominator. This total population estimate is normally the number being used in the nonstandard denominator to allow users to easily see that estimate without having to switch tables. For example, in Table 8.53, the total population row for table type A shows the estimated number of persons who fit the criteria in the columns, which are the table denominators (i.e., 11,769,000 adults reported a perceived unmet need for mental health services in the past year for 2016), and this number is used as the denominator in all the reason estimates.

LOCATING A TABLE

The detailed tables are organized by table type into two categories:

Prevalence Estimates and Sample Sizes – Table Types A, B, and N
Standard Errors and P Values – Table Types C, D, and P

Both categories are organized based on 12 subject matter sections as listed below. Clicking on the subject matter section of interest takes users to a list of tables for that section. Users can scroll through the list of table titles to find the table of interest, then click on the table title to go directly to that table. Users need to return to the table of contents to access tables from other sections or categories.

As mentioned earlier, the key definitions for the 2016 NSDUH (i.e., the glossary) appear in Section D of the 2016 methodological summary and definitions report and define and cross-reference many key measures used in the 2016 detailed tables and the 2016 FRRs.¹⁷ The glossary may be helpful when used in conjunction with the list of tables in identifying tables that contain information for selected measures. However, not all measures and terms listed in the glossary are specifically mentioned in the list of tables.

Note that the table numbers and Section Differ from previous years. The 2014 mental health detailed tables contained three sections. Section 1 of the 2014 mental health detailed tables is now equivalent to Sections 8 and 10 of the 2015 and 2016 detailed tables; 2014's Section 2 is equivalent to Sections 9 and 11 of the 2015 and 2016 detailed tables; and 2014's Section 3 (the sample size and population tables) is now included in Section 12 of the 2015 and 2016 detailed tables.

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	130,610	130,628	47,730	48,501	27,080^a	28,564
Marijuana	117,865	118,524	36,043^a	37,570	22,226^b	23,981
Cocaine	38,744	38,880	4,828	5,071	1,876	1,874
Crack	9,035	8,776	833	882	394	432
Heroin	5,099	4,981	828	948	329	475
Hallucinogens	40,915	41,490	4,692	4,903	1,240	1,390
LSD	25,324	25,861	1,535^b	1,896	352	374
PCP	6,323	6,450	120	103	25	21
Ecstasy	18,328	18,459	2,560	2,485	557	619
Inhalants	25,765^a	24,404	1,759	1,660	527	600
Methamphetamine	14,511	14,533	1,713^a	1,391	897^a	667
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	18,942	18,671	6,365	6,207
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	12,462^a	11,517	3,775	3,350
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	6,050	6,060	1,874	1,953
Stimulants	nr	nr	5,251	5,647	1,653	1,735
Sedatives	nr	nr	1,511	1,531	446	497
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	12,693^a	11,824	3,963	3,649

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	48.8	48.5	17.8	18.0	10.1^a	10.6
Marijuana	44.0	44.0	13.5	13.9	8.3^b	8.9
Cocaine	14.5	14.4	1.8	1.9	0.7	0.7
Crack	3.4	3.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2
Heroin	1.9	1.8	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	15.3	15.4	1.8	1.8	0.5	0.5
LSD	9.5	9.6	0.6^b	0.7	0.1	0.1
PCP	2.4	2.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	6.8	6.9	1.0	0.9	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	9.6^a	9.1	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.2
Methamphetamine	5.4	5.4	0.6^a	0.5	0.3^a	0.2
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	7.1	6.9	2.4	2.3
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	4.7^a	4.3	1.4	1.2
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	2.3	2.2	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	nr	nr	2.0	2.1	0.6	0.6
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	4.7^a	4.4	1.5	1.4

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	6,297^b	5,737	4,346^b	3,941	2,193^a	1,959
Marijuana	3,912	3,676	3,137	2,982	1,752	1,609
Cocaine	208	212	153	136	53	28
Crack	12	17	5	11	1	3
Heroin	35	32	21	13	5	3
Hallucinogens	760	674	523	456	121	114
LSD	329	288	251	204	53	42
PCP	60	38	34	18	9	5
Ecstasy	357	288	201	177	33	29
Inhalants	2,271^a	2,065	684^a	554	175	149
Methamphetamine	71	69	40	32	13	9
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	1,464	1,317	492^a	389
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	969	881	276	239
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	394	434	162	121
Stimulants	nr	nr	491	427	117	92
Sedatives	nr	nr	102	100	21	23
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	980	891	277	241

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	25.3^b	23.0	17.5^b	15.8	8.8^a	7.9
Marijuana	15.7	14.8	12.6	12.0	7.0	6.5
Cocaine	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.1
Crack	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hallucinogens	3.1	2.7	2.1	1.8	0.5	0.5
LSD	1.3	1.2	1.0	0.8	0.2	0.2
PCP	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	1.4	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	9.1^a	8.3	2.7^a	2.2	0.7	0.6
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	5.9	5.3	2.0^a	1.6
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	3.9	3.5	1.1	1.0
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	1.6	1.7	0.7	0.5
Stimulants	nr	nr	2.0	1.7	0.5	0.4
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	3.9	3.6	1.1	1.0

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	959^a	820	536	443	206	158
Marijuana	196	160	134	132	66	59
Cocaine	9	5	6	3	4	*
Crack	*	2	*	2	*	*
Heroin	0	2	*	2	*	*
Hallucinogens	89	65	69	37	21	11
LSD	37^b	5	30^b	2	9	2
PCP	18	2	13	1	5	*
Ecstasy	12	12	7	7	1	1
Inhalants	622	530	264	200	80	55
Methamphetamine	3	6	2	1	*	*
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	174	156	70	53
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	149	127	64	50
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	18	20	9	2
Stimulants	nr	nr	11	17	3	3
Sedatives	nr	nr	8	13	1	*
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	149	129	64	50

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	12.2^a	10.5	6.8	5.7	2.6	2.0
Marijuana	2.5	2.0	1.7	1.7	0.8	0.8
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	*
Crack	*	0.0	*	0.0	*	*
Heroin	0.0	0.0	*	0.0	*	*
Hallucinogens	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.1
LSD	0.5^b	0.1	0.4^b	0.0	0.1	0.0
PCP	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.1	*
Ecstasy	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Inhalants	7.9	6.8	3.4	2.5	1.0	0.7
Methamphetamine	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	*	*
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	2.2	2.0	0.9	0.7
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	1.9	1.6	0.8	0.6
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.0
Stimulants	nr	nr	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.1	0.2	0.0	*
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	1.9	1.7	0.8	0.6

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	2,036	1,899	1,336	1,282	622	578
Marijuana	1,128	1,145	926	954	492	458
Cocaine	29	52	23	33	6	9
Crack	2	3	*	1	*	1
Heroin	6	10	6	2	2	*
Hallucinogens	176	166	129	118	29	36
LSD	67	62	46	48	9	12
PCP	18	10	8	5	*	2
Ecstasy	79	89	57	60	13	7
Inhalants	849	776	250	216	54	42
Methamphetamine	12	14	8	9	1	3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	425	413	143	133
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	304	303	85	76
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	98	129	33	38
Stimulants	nr	nr	115	121	37	34
Sedatives	nr	nr	29	34	11	13
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	306	305	85	76

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	23.6	22.1	15.5	14.9	7.2	6.7
Marijuana	13.1	13.3	10.7	11.1	5.7	5.3
Cocaine	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1
Crack	0.0	0.0	*	0.0	*	0.0
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	*
Hallucinogens	2.0	1.9	1.5	1.4	0.3	0.4
LSD	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.1
PCP	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	0.0
Ecstasy	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	9.8	9.0	2.9	2.5	0.6	0.5
Methamphetamine	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	4.9	4.8	1.7	1.5
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	3.5	3.5	1.0	0.9
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	1.1	1.5	0.4	0.4
Stimulants	nr	nr	1.3	1.4	0.4	0.4
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	3.5	3.5	1.0	0.9

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	3,303^a	3,018	2,474^a	2,217	1,364	1,224
Marijuana	2,589^a	2,372	2,077	1,895	1,194	1,092
Cocaine	171	154	123	100	43	19
Crack	11	12	5	7	1	2
Heroin	29	19	15	9	3	3
Hallucinogens	495	443	325	302	72	68
LSD	225	221	174	155	35	28
PCP	24	26	13	12	4	3
Ecstasy	265^a	187	137	110	20	22
Inhalants	800	760	169	138	41	51
Methamphetamine	57	49	30	21	12	6
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	865	748	279^a	203
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	516	452	127	112
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	278	285	120	80
Stimulants	nr	nr	364	289	77	55
Sedatives	nr	nr	65	53	10	9
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	525	456	128	115

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	39.4^b	35.7	29.5^b	26.2	16.3^a	14.5
Marijuana	30.9^a	28.0	24.8^a	22.4	14.2	12.9
Cocaine	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.2	0.5	0.2
Crack	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Heroin	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hallucinogens	5.9	5.2	3.9	3.6	0.9	0.8
LSD	2.7	2.6	2.1	1.8	0.4	0.3
PCP	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	3.2^a	2.2	1.6	1.3	0.2	0.3
Inhalants	9.5	9.0	2.0	1.6	0.5	0.6
Methamphetamine	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	10.3^a	8.8	3.3^a	2.4
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	6.2	5.3	1.5	1.3
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	3.3	3.4	1.4	0.9
Stimulants	nr	nr	4.3	3.4	0.9	0.7
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.8	0.6	0.1	0.1
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	6.3	5.4	1.5	1.4

Table 1.15A – Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2015 and 2016
Age Category	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
TOTAL	130,610	130,628	47,730	48,501	27,080^a	28,564
12-17	6,297^b	5,737	4,346^b	3,941	2,193^a	1,959
12	374^a	285	210	157	81	53
13	585	534	326	286	125	105
14	848	745	541	502	228	193
15	1,188	1,154	795	780	394	385
16	1,557^b	1,331	1,162^b	961	581	513
17	1,746	1,687	1,312	1,256	783	712
18 or Older	124,313	124,891	43,384	44,559	24,887^b	26,605
18-25	20,083^a	19,469	13,102	13,034	7,797	8,012
18	2,046	2,015	1,534	1,586	848	933
19	2,274	2,053	1,721	1,638	1,026	1,019
20	2,397	2,373	1,661	1,745	1,047	1,079
21	2,406	2,527	1,671	1,782	964	1,107
22	2,559	2,530	1,638	1,590	1,001	975
23	2,766	2,716	1,653	1,594	1,015	987
24	2,818	2,575	1,679	1,588	962	1,008
25	2,818	2,680	1,546	1,510	935	902
26 or Older	104,230	105,422	30,281	31,525	17,090^a	18,593
26-29	10,620	10,647	5,166	5,475	3,038	3,272
30-34	12,478	12,776	5,008	5,410	2,863^a	3,248
35-39	10,706^b	11,829	3,705	3,905	2,067	2,393
40-44	10,335	9,973	2,964	2,904	1,714	1,636
45-49	11,497	11,119	3,051	3,025	1,790	1,869
50-54	13,847	12,754	3,556	3,073	1,917	1,701
55-59	12,832	13,164	2,976	3,291	1,681	2,039
60-64	9,987	10,436	1,888	1,922	1,152	1,029
65 or Older	11,928	12,725	1,967^a	2,521	866^b	1,405

Table 1.16A – Marijuana Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands, 2015 and 2016
Age Category	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
TOTAL	117,865	118,524	36,043^a	37,570	22,226^b	23,981
12-17	3,912	3,676	3,137	2,982	1,752	1,609
12	56^a	29	32	19	11	9
13	140	131	102	114	56	50
14	375	392	302	338	153	143
15	752	753	624	616	339	316
16	1,166^a	994	943^a	804	503	443
17	1,423	1,378	1,134	1,091	690	649
18 or Older	113,952	114,847	32,906^a	34,588	20,474^b	22,373
18-25	18,392	17,897	11,246	11,401	6,921	7,184
18	1,801	1,763	1,381	1,403	764	876
19	2,044	1,840	1,501	1,458	924	917
20	2,185	2,184	1,496	1,562	973	969
21	2,222	2,342	1,432	1,580	862	1,008
22	2,364	2,301	1,399	1,396	896	830
23	2,561	2,532	1,398	1,374	907	885
24	2,626	2,427	1,392	1,375	814	900
25	2,590	2,508	1,247	1,254	780	799
26 or Older	95,561	96,950	21,660^a	23,187	13,552^b	15,188
26-29	9,777	9,957	4,059	4,466	2,574	2,869
30-34	11,410	11,813	3,843	4,206	2,359^a	2,760
35-39	9,674^b	10,992	2,705	3,031	1,645^a	1,994
40-44	9,269	8,890	1,994	2,007	1,284	1,245
45-49	10,623	10,165	2,087	2,252	1,279	1,548
50-54	13,132^a	11,611	2,408	1,980	1,433	1,267
55-59	12,056	12,383	2,058	2,307	1,426	1,570
60-64	9,424	9,921	1,371	1,351	917	838
65 or Older	10,196	11,218	1,135^a	1,587	636^a	1,097

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	51.2	51.1	17.9	18.2	10.2^a	10.9
Marijuana	46.9	47.0	13.6^a	14.1	8.4^b	9.1
Cocaine	15.9	15.8	1.9	2.0	0.8	0.8
Crack	3.7	3.6	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2
Heroin	2.1	2.0	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	16.5	16.7	1.7	1.8	0.5	0.5
LSD	10.3	10.5	0.5^b	0.7	0.1	0.1
PCP	2.6	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	7.4	7.4	1.0	0.9	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	9.7^a	9.1	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.2
Methamphetamine	5.9	5.9	0.7^a	0.6	0.4^a	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	7.2	7.1	2.4	2.4
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	4.7^a	4.3	1.4	1.3
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	2.3	2.3	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	nr	nr	2.0	2.1	0.6	0.7
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	4.8^a	4.5	1.5	1.4

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	57.5	56.3	37.5	37.7	22.3	23.2
Marijuana	52.7	51.8	32.2	33.0	19.8	20.8
Cocaine	11.7	11.3	5.4	5.6	1.7	1.6
Crack	1.5^b	1.1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.0
Heroin	1.8	1.6	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.3
Hallucinogens	18.6^a	17.2	7.0	6.9	1.8	1.9
LSD	7.7	8.3	2.8^a	3.4	0.6	0.6
PCP	0.8	0.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	*
Ecstasy	13.1^b	11.6	4.1^a	3.5	0.9	0.9
Inhalants	9.9	9.8	1.4	1.4	0.4	0.4
Methamphetamine	3.3^b	2.4	0.9	0.8	0.4^a	0.2
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	15.3	14.5	5.1	4.6
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	8.5^b	7.1	2.4^b	1.8
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	5.4	5.3	1.7	1.5
Stimulants	nr	nr	7.3	7.5	2.2	2.2
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.1
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	8.7^b	7.3	2.5^b	2.0

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	6,717	6,441	4,916	4,969	2,921	3,032
Marijuana	6,029	5,787	4,378	4,423	2,661	2,762
Cocaine	887	874	563	608	166	150
Crack	93	70	29	30	9	2
Heroin	128	113	50	53	14	14
Hallucinogens	1,781	1,593	1,015	1,000	256	278
LSD	834	902	420^a	548	109	86
PCP	70	45	15	5	1	*
Ecstasy	1,120^b	883	541	455	106	108
Inhalants	1,123	1,029	218	227	59	57
Methamphetamine	255	192	104	91	41	19
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	1,825	1,861	606	602
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	954	835	235	213
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	679	757	216	209
Stimulants	nr	nr	894	998	302	317
Sedatives	nr	nr	111	83	24	16
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	966	852	242	227

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	51.7	50.6	37.8	39.1	22.5	23.8
Marijuana	46.4	45.5	33.7	34.8	20.5	21.7
Cocaine	6.8	6.9	4.3	4.8	1.3	1.2
Crack	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0
Heroin	1.0	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	13.7	12.5	7.8	7.9	2.0	2.2
LSD	6.4	7.1	3.2^a	4.3	0.8	0.7
PCP	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	*
Ecstasy	8.6^b	6.9	4.2	3.6	0.8	0.8
Inhalants	8.6	8.1	1.7	1.8	0.5	0.4
Methamphetamine	2.0	1.5	0.8	0.7	0.3	0.1
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	14.0	14.6	4.7	4.7
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	7.3	6.6	1.8	1.7
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	5.2	6.0	1.7	1.6
Stimulants	nr	nr	6.9	7.8	2.3	2.5
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.9	0.7	0.2	0.1
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	7.4	6.7	1.9	1.8

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	13,366	13,028	8,186	8,065	4,877	4,980
Marijuana	12,363	12,111	6,868	6,979	4,260	4,422
Cocaine	3,186	3,027	1,313	1,311	414	402
Crack	438^a	317	81	60	30	13
Heroin	488	425	167	173	74	74
Hallucinogens	4,705^a	4,347	1,438	1,388	380	389
LSD	1,857	1,982	560	613	111	123
PCP	197	189	17	10	*	1
Ecstasy	3,440^a	3,134	882	768	201	195
Inhalants	2,340	2,358	269	259	66	65
Methamphetamine	879^b	643	226	173	87	46
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	3,505^a	3,166	1,160	998
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	2,026^b	1,619	594^b	417
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	1,195	1,087	366	327
Stimulants	nr	nr	1,643	1,580	455	450
Sedatives	nr	nr	155	172	61	33
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	2,063^b	1,664	638^b	461

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	61.0	59.6	37.4	36.9	22.3	22.8
Marijuana	56.4	55.4	31.3	31.9	19.4	20.2
Cocaine	14.5	13.9	6.0	6.0	1.9	1.8
Crack	2.0^a	1.5	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1
Heroin	2.2	1.9	0.8	0.8	0.3	0.3
Hallucinogens	21.5^a	19.9	6.6	6.4	1.7	1.8
LSD	8.5	9.1	2.6	2.8	0.5	0.6
PCP	0.9	0.9	0.1	0.0	*	0.0
Ecstasy	15.7^a	14.3	4.0	3.5	0.9	0.9
Inhalants	10.7	10.8	1.2	1.2	0.3	0.3
Methamphetamine	4.0^b	2.9	1.0	0.8	0.4	0.2
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	16.0^a	14.5	5.3^a	4.6
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	9.2^b	7.4	2.7^b	1.9
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	5.5	5.0	1.7	1.5
Stimulants	nr	nr	7.5	7.2	2.1	2.1
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.7	0.8	0.3	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	9.4^b	7.6	2.9^b	2.1

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	50.1	50.2	14.6	15.0	8.2^a	8.9
Marijuana	46.0	46.2	10.4	11.0	6.5^b	7.2
Cocaine	16.6	16.6	1.3	1.4	0.6	0.6
Crack	4.1	4.0	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2
Heroin	2.1	2.1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	16.2	16.6	0.8	1.0	0.2	0.3
LSD	10.7	10.8	0.1^b	0.3	0.0	0.1
PCP	2.9	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	6.5	6.7	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	9.6^a	9.0	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2
Methamphetamine	6.4	6.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	5.8	5.9	2.0	2.0
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	4.1	3.9	1.3	1.2
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	1.8	1.8	0.5	0.6
Stimulants	nr	nr	1.1^a	1.3	0.4	0.4
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	4.2	4.0	1.3	1.3

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	23,098	23,423	10,174^a	10,885	5,901^a	6,520
Marijuana	21,187	21,770	7,902^b	8,671	4,933^b	5,629
Cocaine	6,873	6,960	1,221	1,457	464	507
Crack	1,426	1,394	92	147	45	49
Heroin	981^a	1,214	293	331	116	151
Hallucinogens	8,514	8,913	1,146	1,383	327	415
LSD	3,702	3,942	231^a	391	45	90
PCP	600	602	25	11	8	9
Ecstasy	6,030	6,457	741	834	195	261
Inhalants	4,902	4,533	278	315	90	161
Methamphetamine	2,738	2,618	406	361	174	139
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	4,148	4,247	1,410	1,397
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	2,818	2,671	820	729
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	1,342	1,289	400	428
Stimulants	nr	nr	1,316	1,495	433	468
Sedatives	nr	nr	337	337	115	84
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	2,886	2,779	874	828

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	60.3	60.3	26.5	28.0	15.4^a	16.8
Marijuana	55.3	56.1	20.6^a	22.3	12.9^b	14.5
Cocaine	17.9	17.9	3.2	3.8	1.2	1.3
Crack	3.7	3.6	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.1
Heroin	2.6^a	3.1	0.8	0.9	0.3	0.4
Hallucinogens	22.2	23.0	3.0	3.6	0.9	1.1
LSD	9.7	10.2	0.6^a	1.0	0.1	0.2
PCP	1.6	1.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	15.7	16.6	1.9	2.1	0.5	0.7
Inhalants	12.8	11.7	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.4
Methamphetamine	7.1	6.7	1.1	0.9	0.5	0.4
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	10.8	10.9	3.7	3.6
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	7.4	6.9	2.1	1.9
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	3.5	3.3	1.0	1.1
Stimulants	nr	nr	3.4	3.9	1.1	1.2
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.9	0.9	0.3	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	7.5	7.2	2.3	2.1

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	81,132	81,999	20,107	20,640	11,188	12,073
Marijuana	74,374	75,180	13,758	14,515	8,619^a	9,560
Cocaine	27,588	27,807	1,579	1,560	779	788
Crack	7,066	6,978	626	634	309	365
Heroin	3,468	3,197	298	377	120	231
Hallucinogens	25,155	25,963	570	676	155	193
LSD	18,602	18,747	74	140	35	33
PCP	5,395	5,575	29	58	*	*
Ecstasy	7,381	7,697	196	250	22	25
Inhalants	15,129	14,419	310	306	136	168
Methamphetamine	10,567	11,010	938	734	582	454
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	8,000	8,080	2,697	2,820
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	5,696	5,510	1,850	1,752
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	2,440	2,493	730	868
Stimulants	nr	nr	907	1,148	346	409
Sedatives	nr	nr	806	839	224	341
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	5,797	5,637	1,932	1,892

Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:Detailed Tables

Acknowledgments

Table of Contents

List of Tables Containing Prevalence Estimates and Sample Sizes - Table Types A, B, and N (If Applicable)

List of Tables Containing Standard Errors and P Values - Table Types C, D, and P (If Applicable)

Introduction

SURVEY DESIGN

BREAKS IN TRENDS DUE TO QUESTIONNAIRE AND OTHER CHANGES

2016 Changes and Impact

Changes to Specific Prescription Drugs

Changes to Education Measures

Changes to Driving Under the Influence Measures

Changes to OxyContin® and Oxycodone Product Estimates

Changes to Standard Error Estimates

2015 NSDUH Redesign Changes and Impact

Previous Mental Health Changes and Impact

Changes to Previously Published 2006 to 2010 Estimates

New 2002 Baseline

TABLE PRESENTATION

Table Numbering

Table Types and Purpose

Table Indicators

Missingness

Rounding and Effect on Significance Testing

Definitions of Totals

LOCATING A TABLE

PRINTING A TABLE

General PDF Printing Instructions

Illicit Drug Use Tables – 1.1 to 1.116 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Illicit Drug Use Tables – 1.1 to 1.116 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use Tables – 2.1 to 2.57 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use Tables – 2.1 to 2.57 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Risk and Protective Factor Tables – 3.1 to 3.33 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Risk and Protective Factor Tables – 3.1 to 3.33 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Incidence Tables – 4.1 to 4.13 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Incidence Tables – 4.1 to 4.13 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Substance Use Disorder and Treatment Tables – 5.1 to 5.54 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Substance Use Disorder and Treatment Tables – 5.1 to 5.54 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Miscellaneous Tables – 6.1 to 6.90 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Miscellaneous Tables – 6.1 to 6.90 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Trend Tables – 7.1 to 7.40 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Trend Tables – 7.1 to 7.40 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Adult Mental Health Tables – 8.1 to 8.85 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Adult Mental Health Tables – 8.1 to 8.85 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Youth Mental Health Tables – 9.1 to 9.15 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Youth Mental Health Tables – 9.1 to 9.15 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Adult Mental Health Trend Tables – 10.1 to 10.41 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Adult Mental Health Trend Tables – 10.1 to 10.41 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Youth Mental Health Trend Tables – 11.1 to 11.6 (Numbers in Thousands and Percentages)

Youth Mental Health Trend Tables – 11.1 to 11.6 (Standard Errors and P Values)

Sample Size and Population Tables – 12.1 to 12.9 (Numbers in Thousands and Survey Sample Size)

Sample Size and Population Tables – 12.1 to 12.9 (Standard Errors)

Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:
Detailed Tables

Changes to OxyContin^® and Oxycodone Product Estimates

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	47.8	47.9	11.9	12.1	6.6	7.1
Marijuana	43.9	43.9	8.1	8.5	5.1	5.6
Cocaine	16.3	16.2	0.9	0.9	0.5	0.5
Crack	4.2	4.1	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2
Heroin	2.0	1.9	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	14.8	15.2	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1
LSD	11.0	11.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
PCP	3.2	3.3	0.0	0.0	*	*
Ecstasy	4.4	4.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Inhalants	8.9	8.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Methamphetamine	6.2	6.4	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	4.7	4.7	1.6	1.6
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	3.4	3.2	1.1	1.0
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	1.4	1.5	0.4	0.5
Stimulants	nr	nr	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	3.4	3.3	1.1	1.1

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	69,822	68,325	26,576	27,032	16,164	16,779
Marijuana	63,490	62,697	20,934	21,839	13,715^a	14,696
Cocaine	23,269	23,383	3,069	3,238	1,234	1,257
Crack	5,903	5,580	598	549	268	263
Heroin	3,540	3,281	548	596	238	295
Hallucinogens	24,410	24,401	3,039	3,061	885	863
LSD	15,830	16,098	1,047^a	1,330	264	252
PCP	4,322	4,460	69	69	11	14
Ecstasy	10,526	10,388	1,651	1,479	390	366
Inhalants	16,103	15,090	997	988	328	378
Methamphetamine	8,856	8,498	1,166^b	782	631^a	387
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	10,121	9,605	3,342	3,045
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	6,924^a	6,226	2,110^a	1,692
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	3,148	2,870	974	1,002
Stimulants	nr	nr	3,027	2,985	877	881
Sedatives	nr	nr	596	691	153	214
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	7,088^a	6,420	2,246^a	1,883

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	53.8^a	52.3	20.5	20.7	12.5	12.8
Marijuana	48.9	48.0	16.1	16.7	10.6	11.3
Cocaine	17.9	17.9	2.4	2.5	1.0	1.0
Crack	4.5	4.3	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2
Heroin	2.7	2.5	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	18.8	18.7	2.3	2.3	0.7	0.7
LSD	12.2	12.3	0.8^a	1.0	0.2	0.2
PCP	3.3	3.4	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	8.1	8.0	1.3	1.1	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	12.4^a	11.6	0.8	0.8	0.3	0.3
Methamphetamine	6.8	6.5	0.9^b	0.6	0.5^a	0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	7.8	7.4	2.6	2.3
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	5.3^a	4.8	1.6^a	1.3
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	2.4	2.2	0.8	0.8
Stimulants	nr	nr	2.3	2.3	0.7	0.7
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	5.5^a	4.9	1.7^a	1.4

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	60,788	62,303	21,154	21,469	10,915^a	11,786
Marijuana	54,375	55,827	15,109	15,731	8,511^a	9,285
Cocaine	15,475	15,497	1,758	1,833	641	617
Crack	3,132	3,196	235	334	126	169
Heroin	1,559	1,700	280	352	91^a	179
Hallucinogens	16,506	17,089	1,653	1,842	355^b	527
LSD	9,494	9,763	487	566	88	122
PCP	2,001	1,990	51	33	14	7
Ecstasy	7,803	8,071	909	1,006	167^a	253
Inhalants	9,662	9,314	762	671	199	222
Methamphetamine	5,655	6,035	547	609	266	280
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	8,821	9,065	3,024	3,162
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	5,538	5,291	1,665	1,658
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	2,903	3,190	900	951
Stimulants	nr	nr	2,224^b	2,662	776	854
Sedatives	nr	nr	915	840	293	283
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	5,605	5,403	1,718	1,766

Drug	Lifetime (2015)	Lifetime (2016)	Past Year (2015)	Past Year (2016)	Past Month (2015)	Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drug Use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting. ³ Prescription Psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	44.1	44.9	15.3	15.5	7.9^a	8.5
Marijuana	39.4	40.2	11.0	11.3	6.2^a	6.7
Cocaine	11.2	11.2	1.3	1.3	0.5	0.4
Crack	2.3	2.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Heroin	1.1	1.2	0.2	0.3	0.1^a	0.1
Hallucinogens	12.0	12.3	1.2	1.3	0.3^b	0.4
LSD	6.9	7.0	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1
PCP	1.5	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	5.7	5.8	0.7	0.7	0.1	0.2
Inhalants	7.0	6.7	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.2
Methamphetamine	4.1	4.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics^3,4	nr	nr	6.4	6.5	2.2	2.3
Pain Relievers⁴	nr	nr	4.0	3.8	1.2	1.2
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	2.1	2.3	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	nr	nr	1.6^b	1.9	0.6	0.6
Sedatives	nr	nr	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.2
OPIOIDS (HEROIN USE OR PAIN RELIEVER MISUSE)⁴	nr	nr	4.1	3.9	1.2	1.3

Age Category	Any Use in Past Year (2015)	Any Use in Past Year (2016)	Misuse in Past Year (2015)	Misuse in Past Year (2016)	Misuse in Past Month (2015)	Misuse in Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Prescription psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. NOTE: Any Use of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as (a) the use of one's own prescription medication as directed by a doctor or (b) misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. NOTE: Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
TOTAL	119,036^b	115,351	18,942	18,671	6,365	6,207
12-17	7,006^b	6,194	1,464	1,317	492^a	389
12	660	614	77	66	34	20
13	890	776	96	90	37	32
14	1,121^b	913	183	160	62	47
15	1,300	1,176	243	253	81	86
16	1,429^a	1,273	402	322	128	100
17	1,606^a	1,442	463	426	151	103
18 or Older	112,030^a	109,157	17,478	17,354	5,873	5,818
18-25	15,469^b	14,118	5,330	5,026	1,766	1,600
18	1,813^a	1,574	522	537	185	161
19	1,947^b	1,528	688	631	205	205
20	1,731	1,728	614	692	216	236
21	1,890	1,719	750	700	258	219
22	1,934	1,786	722	659	250	242
23	2,090	1,895	749^b	581	244^a	171
24	2,042	1,960	647	648	197	194
25	2,021	1,928	637	577	212	172
26 or Older	96,561	95,039	12,148	12,327	4,107	4,218
26-29	7,899	7,314	2,127	2,108	698	639
30-34	9,596	9,593	2,021	2,139	712	758
35-39	8,682^a	9,429	1,504	1,514	451	540
40-44	8,614	8,378	1,255	1,225	477	439
45-49	9,371	9,002	1,209	1,104	551	408
50-54	11,075	10,141	1,365	1,367	419	513
55-59	10,167	10,741	1,157	1,146	319	392
60-64	9,173	8,861	602	670	226	178
65 or Older	21,985	21,581	908	1,054	253	351

Age Category	Any Use in Past Year (2015)	Any Use in Past Year (2016)	Misuse in Past Year (2015)	Misuse in Past Year (2016)	Misuse in Past Month (2015)	Misuse in Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Prescription psychotherapeutics include pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and do not include over-the-counter drugs. NOTE: Any Use of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as (a) the use of one's own prescription medication as directed by a doctor or (b) misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. NOTE: Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
TOTAL	44.5^b	42.8	7.1	6.9	2.4	2.3
12-17	28.1^b	24.9	5.9	5.3	2.0^a	1.6
12	17.1	16.4	2.0	1.8	0.9	0.5
13	22.2^a	19.0	2.4	2.2	0.9	0.8
14	26.0^b	21.9	4.2	3.8	1.4	1.1
15	30.1^a	26.5	5.6	5.7	1.9	1.9
16	33.8^b	29.7	9.5^a	7.5	3.0	2.3
17	38.6^a	34.6	11.1	10.2	3.6	2.5
18 or Older	46.1^b	44.6	7.2	7.1	2.4	2.4
18-25	44.3^b	40.8	15.3	14.5	5.1	4.6
18	39.8^b	34.5	11.5	11.8	4.1	3.5
19	45.7^b	38.8	16.2	16.0	4.8	5.2
20	41.5	41.0	14.7	16.4	5.2	5.6
21	45.8^b	39.8	18.2	16.2	6.2	5.1
22	45.4	41.9	17.0	15.4	5.9	5.7
23	46.6^a	42.2	16.7^b	12.9	5.4^a	3.8
24	45.5	45.3	14.4	15.0	4.4	4.5
25	44.4	43.3	14.0	13.0	4.6	3.9
26 or Older	46.4^a	45.3	5.8	5.9	2.0	2.0
26-29	46.1^b	42.0	12.4	12.1	4.1	3.7
30-34	45.3	44.8	9.5	10.0	3.4	3.5
35-39	44.6	45.9	7.7	7.4	2.3	2.6
40-44	42.9	42.9	6.3	6.3	2.4	2.2
45-49	45.1	44.5	5.8	5.5	2.7	2.0
50-54	48.1	46.4	5.9	6.3	1.8	2.4
55-59	48.2	49.1	5.5	5.2	1.5	1.8
60-64	49.3	46.3	3.2	3.5	1.2	0.9
65 or Older	47.3	45.0	2.0	2.2	0.5	0.7

Age Category	Any Use in Past Year (2015)	Any Use in Past Year (2016)	Misuse in Past Year (2015)	Misuse in Past Year (2016)	Misuse in Past Month (2015)	Misuse in Past Month (2016)
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any Use of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as (a) the use of one's own prescription medication as directed by a doctor or (b) misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one's own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. NOTE: Prescription psychotherapeutic subtypes were revised in 2016; one effect was the comparability of codeine products between 2015 and 2016. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ^b The difference between this estimate and the 2016 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 and 2016.
TOTAL	97,499^b	91,846	12,462^a	11,517	3,775	3,350
12-17	5,650^b	4,732	969	881	276	239
12	521	456	66	49	29	20
13	740^b	588	83	78	34	30
14	904^b	710	138	111	45	24
15	1,053^a	901	166	192	40	52
16	1,155^b	960	235	196	60	59
17	1,277^a	1,116	281	255	67	54
18 or Older	91,848^b	87,114	11,492^a	10,635	3,499	3,111
18