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Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health:
Detailed Tables

190405
Table 6.1A – Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Underage and Legal Drinking Age Groups: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Drug AGE GROUP UNDERAGE AND LEGAL DRINKING
AGE GROUP
Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 12-20
(2017)		 Aged 12-20
(2018)		 Aged 21+
(2017)		 Aged 21+
(2018)
Marijuana 10,047 10,503 476a 343 9,571 10,160 3,269 3,068 6,302a 7,093 1,589 1,404 8,458 9,099
Cocaine
   (Including Crack)		 538 553 5 3 533 550 183 125 350 425 59 34 478 519
Heroin 92 81 * 3 92 79 12 7 80 72 * 4 92 77
Hallucinogens 117 135 6 5 111 130 54 72 57 58 35 21 82 114
Inhalants 45 34 * 4 45 30 16 9 29 21 4 5 42 28
Methamphetamine 219 265 4 1 215 265 41 16 173 248 25 1 193 265
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate multiple other drugs used with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.1B – Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Underage and Legal Drinking Age Groups: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Drug AGE GROUP UNDERAGE AND LEGAL DRINKING
AGE GROUP
Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)		 Aged 12-20
(2017)		 Aged 12-20
(2018)		 Aged 21+
(2017)		 Aged 21+
(2018)
Marijuana 7.2 7.6 19.9a 15.9 7.0 7.4 17.1 16.6 5.3a 6.0 21.8 20.2 6.4 6.9
Cocaine
   (Including Crack)		 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4
Heroin 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.0 0.0 * 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Methamphetamine 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate multiple other drugs used with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.2A – Cigarette Use and Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Age Category Cigarette Use in Past Month Nicotine Dependence in Past Month Percentage with Nicotine Dependence
among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 48,692 46,956 27,150 26,163 55.8 55.7
12-20 3,015a 2,590 1,132a 975 37.5 37.6
21 or Older 45,678 44,366 26,018 25,188 57.0 56.8
12-17 787a 672 240 222 30.4 33.1
12-13 30 38 3 8 * *
14-15 183 184 43 50 23.4 26.9
16-17 574a 450 194 165 33.7 36.7
16-25 8,228a 6,965 3,442a 2,921 41.8 41.9
18 or Older 47,905 46,284 26,910 25,940 56.2 56.0
18-25 7,653a 6,514 3,249a 2,755 42.4 42.3
18-20 2,228a 1,918 892 752 40.1 39.2
21-25 5,426a 4,596 2,357a 2,003 43.4 43.6
26 or Older 40,252 39,770 23,661 23,185 58.8 58.3
26-49 23,606 23,603 12,793 13,009 54.2 55.1
26-29 4,709 4,731 2,229 2,242 47.3 47.4
30-34 5,594 5,561 2,870 2,975 51.3 53.5
35-39 5,075 5,369 2,776 3,053 54.7 56.9
40-44 4,120 4,122 2,302 2,400 55.9 58.2
45-49 4,109 3,820 2,616 2,340 63.7 61.3
50 or Older 16,646 16,166 10,868 10,176 65.3 62.9
50-54 4,017 4,034 2,584 2,624 64.3 65.0
55-59 4,849 4,252 3,189 2,720 65.8 64.0
60-64 3,218 3,204 2,102 2,078 65.3 64.8
65 or Older 4,562 4,676 2,994 2,754 65.6 58.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.2B – Cigarette Use and Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Age Category Cigarette Use in Past Month Nicotine Dependence in Past Month Percentage with Nicotine Dependence
among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 17.9a 17.2 10.0 9.6 55.8 55.7
12-20 8.0a 6.8 3.0a 2.6 37.5 37.6
21 or Older 19.5 18.8 11.1 10.7 57.0 56.8
12-17 3.2a 2.7 1.0 0.9 30.4 33.1
12-13 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.1 * *
14-15 2.2 2.2 0.5 0.6 23.4 26.9
16-17 6.7a 5.2 2.2 1.9 33.7 36.7
16-25 19.2a 16.3 8.0a 6.9 41.8 41.9
18 or Older 19.4a 18.6 10.9 10.4 56.2 56.0
18-25 22.3a 19.1 9.5a 8.1 42.4 42.3
18-20 17.3a 14.7 6.9a 5.8 40.1 39.2
21-25 25.3a 21.9 11.0a 9.6 43.4 43.6
26 or Older 18.9 18.5 11.1 10.8 58.8 58.3
26-49 23.5 23.4 12.8 12.9 54.2 55.1
26-29 26.3 26.5 12.4 12.6 47.3 47.4
30-34 25.9 25.1 13.3 13.4 51.3 53.5
35-39 24.4 24.5 13.3 13.9 54.7 56.9
40-44 20.8 21.1 11.6 12.3 55.9 58.2
45-49 20.4 19.7 13.0 12.1 63.7 61.3
50 or Older 14.8 14.2 9.7 8.9 65.3 62.9
50-54 19.1 19.6 12.3 12.8 64.3 65.0
55-59 22.2 19.6 14.6 12.5 65.8 64.0
60-64 16.1 15.7 10.5 10.2 65.3 64.8
65 or Older 9.2 9.1 6.0 5.4 65.6 58.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.3A – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
TOTAL 27,150 26,163 240 222 26,910 25,940 3,249a 2,755 23,661 23,185
GENDER                    
Male 14,890 13,997 146 126 14,744 13,871 1,847a 1,554 12,896 12,317
Female 12,260 12,166 93 96 12,166 12,070 1,402a 1,201 10,765 10,868
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 24,686 24,139 206 202 24,480 23,938 2,855a 2,508 21,625 21,430
White 19,639 19,322 172 181 19,467 19,141 2,264a 1,973 17,203 17,168
Black or African American 3,447 3,357 10 7 3,437 3,350 374 312 3,063 3,038
AIAN 300 298 2 3 298 294 36 27 262 268
NHOPI 113 117 * * 112 117 * * * 107
Asian 480 382 7 * 473 376 63 85 410 291
Two or More Races 707 664 13a 3 694 661 101 102 593 559
Hispanic or Latino 2,464a 2,023 34 21 2,430 2,003 393a 247 2,036 1,755
FAMILY INCOME                    
Less Than $20,000 8,054 7,373 64 60 7,990 7,313 1,049a 834 6,941 6,479
$20,000 - $49,999 9,837 9,664 85 76 9,752 9,588 1,137 1,098 8,615 8,490
$50,000 - $74,999 3,666 4,088 27 38 3,639 4,050 448a 327 3,191a 3,723
$75,000 or More 5,594 5,038 65 49 5,529 4,989 615 497 4,914 4,492
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.3B – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
TOTAL 10.0 9.6 1.0 0.9 10.9 10.4 9.5a 8.1 11.1 10.8
GENDER                    
Male 11.3 10.5 1.2 1.0 12.4 11.5 10.7a 9.1 12.6 12.0
Female 8.7 8.6 0.8 0.8 9.5 9.4 8.2a 7.1 9.7 9.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 10.9 10.6 1.1 1.1 11.8 11.5 10.7a 9.5 12.0 11.8
White 11.5 11.3 1.3 1.4 12.3 12.1 12.2a 10.8 12.4 12.3
Black or African American 10.5 10.2 0.3 0.2 11.7 11.3 7.7 6.6 12.4 12.2
AIAN 20.6 17.9 1.5 2.1 22.9 19.5 16.6 12.1 24.2 20.8
NHOPI 10.2 11.2 * * 11.3 12.4 * * * 13.7
Asian 3.2 2.4 0.6 * 3.4 2.6 2.9 3.7 3.5 2.4
Two or More Races 14.0 13.0 1.5a 0.4 16.6 15.3 11.6 13.5 17.9 15.6
Hispanic or Latino 5.4a 4.3 0.6 0.3 6.1a 4.9 5.2a 3.2 6.3 5.3
FAMILY INCOME                    
Less Than $20,000 18.4 17.2 1.6 1.6 20.0 18.7 11.4a 9.4 22.7 21.4
$20,000 - $49,999 12.4 12.1 1.3 1.1 13.4 13.1 10.4 9.9 13.9 13.7
$50,000 - $74,999 8.6 9.7 0.8 1.1 9.3 10.5 9.0a 7.1 9.3a 10.9
$75,000 or More 5.3a 4.6 0.6 0.5 5.8a 5.1 6.7a 5.2 5.7 5.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.4A – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
TOTAL 27,150 26,163 240 222 26,910 25,940 3,249a 2,755 23,661 23,185
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 4,407 4,050 28 22 4,379 4,029 542 461 3,837 3,568
Midwest 6,895 6,244 72 52 6,824 6,192 824 757 5,999 5,435
South 11,274 11,493 83 113 11,191 11,380 1,273a 1,093 9,918 10,288
West 4,573 4,375 57 36 4,516 4,339 610a 445 3,906 3,894
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 11,947 11,541 108 86 11,839 11,455 1,398a 1,145 10,441 10,311
Small Metro 9,703 9,045 69 80 9,634 8,965 1,203a 968 8,432 7,998
Nonmetro 5,499 5,576 63 56 5,436 5,520 648 643 4,788 4,877
Urbanized 2,117 2,371 25 14 2,092 2,357 281 287 1,811 2,070
Less Urbanized 2,955 2,607 33 35 2,922 2,572 317 287 2,605 2,285
Completely Rural 428 598 6 7 422 590 49 69 372 522
POVERTY1                    
Less Than 100% 6,973 6,746 75 77 6,897 6,669 981a 801 5,916 5,867
100-199% 7,827a 7,077 65 57 7,762a 7,020 927 879 6,836 6,141
200% or More 12,332 12,332 99 88 12,233 12,243 1,324a 1,067 10,909 11,176
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 11,938 11,511 96 81 11,843 11,430 1,439a 1,094 10,404 10,336
Medicaid/CHIP 8,103 7,472 148 116 7,955 7,356 1,028 918 6,926 6,438
Other3 6,335 6,055 8 13 6,328 6,042 257a 149 6,071 5,893
No Coverage 4,691 4,712 10 25 4,681 4,687 676 678 4,005 4,010
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.4B – Nicotine (Cigarette) Dependence in Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
TOTAL 10.0 9.6 1.0 0.9 10.9 10.4 9.5a 8.1 11.1 10.8
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 9.2 8.5 0.7 0.5 9.9 9.2 9.0 7.9 10.1 9.4
Midwest 12.1a 10.9 1.4 1.0 13.2a 11.9 11.3 10.4 13.5 12.2
South 11.0 11.1 0.9 1.2 12.0 12.1 10.0a 8.6 12.4 12.7
West 7.1 6.7 1.0 0.6 7.7 7.3 7.4a 5.5 7.8 7.6
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 7.8 7.6 0.7 0.6 8.5 8.3 7.2a 6.0 8.7 8.6
Small Metro 12.2a 11.1 1.0 1.1 13.2a 12.1 11.3a 9.1 13.5 12.6
Nonmetro 14.1 14.1 1.8 1.6 15.3 15.4 14.8 14.7 15.4 15.4
Urbanized 12.6 13.4 1.6 1.0 13.7 14.5 13.7 14.9 13.7 14.5
Less Urbanized 15.6 14.4 1.8 2.0 17.0 15.7 15.5 13.7 17.2 16.0
Completely Rural 12.6 16.1 2.1 2.0 13.5 17.6 18.1 20.2 13.1 17.3
POVERTY1                    
Less Than 100% 17.6 16.9 1.4 1.4 20.2 19.3 11.6a 9.6 23.0 22.4
100-199% 14.5a 13.0 1.2 1.1 15.9a 14.3 11.2 10.7 16.9a 15.0
200% or More 6.9 6.9 0.7 0.6 7.5 7.5 7.8a 6.4 7.4 7.6
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 6.6 6.4 0.7 0.6 7.2 6.9 6.9a 5.3 7.2 7.1
Medicaid/CHIP 17.8a 16.1 1.6 1.2 22.0a 20.0 13.8 12.7 24.1a 21.8
Other3 9.2 8.7 0.7 1.1 9.4 8.9 10.1a 5.8 9.3 9.0
No Coverage 19.1 18.3 0.9 2.2 20.0 19.1 14.5 14.1 21.4 20.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.5A – Source Where Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year
Misusers of Pain Relievers 		Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 3,852 3,493 199 205 3,653 3,288 632a 428 3,021 2,860
Prescription from One Doctor 3,644 3,223 177 185 3,466 3,038 574a 401 2,893 2,637
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 153 187 12 14 141 174 34 17 107 157
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 56 83 10 7 46 76 24 10 22 67
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 5,585a 4,765 360 288 5,225a 4,477 1,326a 1,083 3,899a 3,394
From Friend or Relative for Free 4,050 3,586 240 199 3,810 3,387 868 742 2,942 2,645
Bought from Friend or Relative 1,117a 883 77a 39 1,040 843 285 215 755 629
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 417a 297 43 50 375a 247 173 127 202 120
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 597 609 35 43 563 566 218 162 345 404
SOME OTHER WAY1 486 423 37 46 450 377 133 84 317 293
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.5B – Source Where Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year
Misusers of Pain Relievers 		Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 36.6 37.6 31.6 35.3 36.9 37.8 27.4 24.3 39.8 41.1
Prescription from One Doctor 34.6 34.7 28.1 31.7 35.0 34.9 24.9 22.9 38.2 37.9
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.4 1.4 2.0 1.5 0.9 1.4 2.3
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.5 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.0
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 53.1 51.3 57.0 49.5 52.8 51.4 57.4 61.6 51.4 48.8
From Friend or Relative for Free 38.5 38.6 38.0 34.2 38.5 38.9 37.6 42.2 38.8 38.1
Bought from Friend or Relative 10.6 9.5 12.3a 6.7 10.5 9.7 12.3 12.2 10.0 9.0
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 4.0 3.2 6.8 8.6 3.8 2.8 7.5 7.2 2.7 1.7
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 5.7 6.5 5.5 7.3 5.7 6.5 9.4 9.2 4.5 5.8
SOME OTHER WAY1 4.6 4.6 5.8 7.9 4.5 4.3 5.8 4.8 4.2 4.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.6A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 3,199 2,911 147 119 3,052 2,792 618 547 2,435 2,245
Prescription from One Doctor 3,090 2,820 143 100 2,947 2,720 587 513 2,360 2,207
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 98 73 * 16 96 58 21 29 74 28
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 12 17 * 3 10 14 9 5 0 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 368 308 37 20 331 288 109 76 222 212
From Friend or Relative for Free 223 218 17 11 206 207 62 38 143 169
Bought from Friend or Relative 123a 54 9 * 114a 46 39 21 75a 25
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 22 36 11a 1 11 35 * 17 4 18
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 68 80 8 8 60 72 38 22 22 50
SOME OTHER WAY1 89 92 11 2 78 90 21 16 56 74
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.6B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 85.9 85.8 72.4 79.7 86.7 86.1 78.6 82.7 89.0 87.0
Prescription from One Doctor 83.0 83.2 70.4 66.9 83.7 83.9 74.7 77.6 86.3 85.5
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.6 2.2 * 10.5 2.7 1.8 2.7 4.4 2.7 1.1
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.3 0.5 * 2.2 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.0 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 9.9 9.1 18.4 13.5 9.4 8.9 13.9 11.4 8.1 8.2
From Friend or Relative for Free 6.0 6.4 8.6 7.2 5.8 6.4 7.9 5.8 5.2 6.5
Bought from Friend or Relative 3.3a 1.6 4.3 * 3.2a 1.4 5.0 3.1 2.7a 1.0
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 0.6 1.1 5.4 1.0 0.3 1.1 * 2.5 0.1 0.7
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 1.8 2.4 3.8 5.6 1.7 2.2 4.9 3.4 0.8 1.9
SOME OTHER WAY1 2.4 2.7 5.4 1.3 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.7A – Source Where Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse
among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants 		Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 725 632 77 65 648 567 224 207 424 360
Prescription from One Doctor 659 591 69 49 590 542 205 197 384 345
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 58 38 8 14 50 25 17 10 33 14
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 9 3 0 3 9 * 2 * 7 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 4,409a 3,889 273 244 4,136a 3,645 2,011a 1,715 2,125 1,931
From Friend or Relative for Free 2,907 2,634 153 128 2,754 2,506 1,262a 1,057 1,491 1,449
Bought from Friend or Relative 1,316 1,122 88 82 1,229 1,041 658 621 571 419
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 185 132 31 34 154 99 91a 37 63 62
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 331 296 43 27 288 268 174 155 114 114
SOME OTHER WAY1 167 101 12 6 154 95 58 60 97a 34
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.7B – Source Where Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse
among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants 		Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 12.9 12.8 19.1 19.0 12.4 12.4 9.1 9.7 15.4 14.7
Prescription from One Doctor 11.7 12.0 17.0 14.3 11.3 11.8 8.3 9.2 13.9 14.2
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 1.0 0.8 2.0 4.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.6
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 * 0.1 * 0.2 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 78.3 79.1 67.2 71.3 79.1 79.7 81.5 80.2 77.0 79.2
From Friend or Relative for Free 51.6 53.6 37.8 37.5 52.7 54.8 51.2 49.5 54.0 59.4
Bought from Friend or Relative 23.4 22.8 21.6 23.9 23.5 22.7 26.7 29.1 20.7 17.2
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 3.3 2.7 7.8 9.9 2.9 2.2 3.7a 1.7 2.3 2.5
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 5.9 6.0 10.6 8.0 5.5 5.9 7.1 7.2 4.1 4.7
SOME OTHER WAY1 3.0 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.5 1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.8A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 2,241 2,126 103 * 2,138 2,037 1,005 853 1,132 1,184
Prescription from One Doctor 2,176 2,072 94 * 2,082 1,986 974 821 1,108 1,165
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 60 55 9 * 51 51 29 31 22 20
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 4 * * * 4 * 3 * 2 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 343 258 * * 316 240 137 113 179 127
From Friend or Relative for Free 182 152 * * 167 142 57 72 110 70
Bought from Friend or Relative 156 93 10 * 145 91 76a 34 69 57
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 6 13 * * 3 7 3 7 * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 60 45 3 * 57 42 13 18 44 24
SOME OTHER WAY1 23 18 2 * 21 16 10 8 10 *
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.8B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 84.0 86.9 75.9 * 84.5 87.2 86.3 86.0 82.9 88.2
Prescription from One Doctor 81.6 84.6 69.1 * 82.3 85.1 83.6 82.8 81.2 86.7
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.3 2.2 6.8 * 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.2 1.6 1.5
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.2 * * * 0.2 * 0.2 * 0.1 *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 12.9 10.6 * * 12.5 10.3 11.8 11.4 13.1 9.4
From Friend or Relative for Free 6.8 6.2 * * 6.6 6.1 4.9 7.3 8.0 5.2
Bought from Friend or Relative 5.8 3.8 7.5 * 5.7 3.9 6.6 3.4 5.1 4.2
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 0.2 0.5 * * 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 2.2 1.9 2.3 * 2.2 1.8 1.1 1.8 3.2 1.8
SOME OTHER WAY1 0.9 0.7 1.6 * 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 *
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.9A – Source Where Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse
among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers 		Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 1,271 1,123 51 39 1,220 1,084 168a 104 1,052 980
Prescription from One Doctor 1,185 1,077 50 31 1,135 1,046 145 98 990 949
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 45 33 * 5 45 28 15 6 30 22
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 41 13 0 3 40 10 8 1 * 9
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 3,706 3,711 260 219 3,447 3,492 1,318a 1,101 2,128 2,391
From Friend or Relative for Free 2,644 2,688 135 135 2,509 2,553 828 730 1,681 1,822
Bought from Friend or Relative 843 825 90 64 752 760 400 313 352 447
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 220 198 34 20 186 179 90 57 95 122
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 555 528 89 100 466 428 241 242 225 186
SOME OTHER WAY1 223 194 9 25 213 169 88 53 125 116
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.9B – Source Where Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse
among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers 		Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 22.1 20.2 12.4 10.1 22.8 21.0 9.2 7.0 29.8 26.7
Prescription from One Doctor 20.6 19.4 12.3 8.1 21.2 20.2 8.0 6.5 28.0 25.8
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 0.8 0.6 * 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.6
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.1 * 0.2
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 64.4 66.8 63.4 57.3 64.5 67.5 72.6 73.4 60.3 65.1
From Friend or Relative for Free 45.9 48.4 33.0 35.4 46.9 49.3 45.6 48.7 47.6 49.6
Bought from Friend or Relative 14.6 14.8 22.1 16.8 14.1 14.7 22.0 20.9 10.0 12.2
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 3.8 3.6 8.3 5.2 3.5 3.5 5.0 3.8 2.7 3.3
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 9.6 9.5 21.9 26.2 8.7 8.3 13.3 16.1 6.4 5.1
SOME OTHER WAY1 3.9 3.5 2.3 6.5 4.0 3.3 4.9 3.5 3.5 3.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.10A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 2,015 2,092 * * 1,958 2,034 538 457 1,420 1,577
Prescription from One Doctor 1,954 2,062 * * 1,903 2,008 529 439 1,374 1,568
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 53 25 * * 49 22 9 13 40 9
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 8 4 * * 6 4 * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 311 280 * * 280 237 121 132 158 105
From Friend or Relative for Free 184 133 * * 172 109 76 46 95 62
Bought from Friend or Relative 114 128 * * 100 113 39a 84 62 29
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 13 18 * * 8 15 7 2 1 13
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 100 110 * * 80 96 55 68 25 28
SOME OTHER WAY1 17 22 * * 16 22 6 10 10 12
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.10B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 82.5 83.5 * * 83.9 85.2 74.7 68.5 88.0 91.6
Prescription from One Doctor 80.0 82.4 * * 81.6 84.1 73.5 66.0 85.1 91.1
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.2 1.0 * * 2.1 0.9 1.2 1.9 2.5 0.5
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 0.3 0.2 * * 0.3 0.2 * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 12.7 11.2 * * 12.0 9.9 16.9 19.8 9.8 6.1
From Friend or Relative for Free 7.5 5.3 * * 7.4 4.5 10.6 6.9 5.9 3.6
Bought from Friend or Relative 4.7 5.1 * * 4.3 4.7 5.4a 12.6 3.8 1.7
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 0.5 0.7 * * 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.8
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 4.1 4.4 * * 3.4 4.0 7.6 10.3 1.6 1.6
SOME OTHER WAY1 0.7 0.9 * * 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.11A – Source Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse
among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives		 Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 557a 337 * * 539a 324 * * 487 298
Prescription from One Doctor 503 313 * * 494a 301 * * 449 279
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 31 21 * * 27 21 * * 24 18
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 22 3 * * 17 3 * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 665 637 * * 627 596 * * 498 471
From Friend or Relative for Free 529 581 * * 511 550 * * 413 441
Bought from Friend or Relative 64 32 * * 62 29 * * 49 19
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 71a 25 * * 54 17 * * 35 12
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 27 26 * * 24 20 * * 20 10
SOME OTHER WAY1 59 38 * * 54 36 * * 48 20
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.11B – Source Where Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source for Most Recent Misuse
among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives		 Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 42.6 32.5 * * 43.3 33.2 * * 46.2 37.3
Prescription from One Doctor 38.5 30.2 * * 39.7 30.8 * * 42.6 35.0
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor 2.4 2.1 * * 2.2 2.2 * * 2.3 2.3
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 1.7 0.2 * * 1.4 0.3 * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 50.9 61.4 * * 50.4 61.0 * * 47.3 59.0
From Friend or Relative for Free 40.5a 56.0 * * 41.1a 56.3 * * 39.2a 55.2
Bought from Friend or Relative 4.9 3.1 * * 5.0 3.0 * * 4.7 2.3
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 5.5 2.4 * * 4.4 1.7 * * 3.4 1.5
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 2.1 2.5 * * 1.9 2.0 * * 1.9 1.2
SOME OTHER WAY1 4.5 3.6 * * 4.4 3.7 * * 4.6 2.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.12A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 454 483 * * 446 469 * * * *
Prescription from One Doctor 447 479 * * 439 467 * * * *
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor * 4 * * * * * * * *
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 * * * * * * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 44 36 * * 41 30 * * * *
From Friend or Relative for Free 28 24 * * 25 22 * * * *
Bought from Friend or Relative * 5 * * * 4 * * * *
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 1 8 * * * * * * * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 5 * * * * * * * * *
SOME OTHER WAY1 * * * * * * * * * *
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.12B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year, by Age Group: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives Aged 12+
(2017)		 Aged 12+
(2018)		 Aged 12-17
(2017)		 Aged 12-17
(2018)		 Aged 18+
(2017)		 Aged 18+
(2018)		 Aged 18-25
(2017)		 Aged 18-25
(2018)		 Aged 26+
(2017)		 Aged 26+
(2018)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR
STOLE FROM A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER		 89.4 89.1 * * 90.2 89.9 * * * *
Prescription from One Doctor 88.0 88.3 * * 88.8 89.5 * * * *
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor * 0.8 * * * * * * * *
Stole from Doctor's Office, Clinic, Hospital,
   or Pharmacy		 * * * * * * * * * *
GIVEN BY, BOUGHT FROM, OR TOOK
FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE		 8.7 6.7 * * 8.2 5.8 * * * *
From Friend or Relative for Free 5.6 4.4 * * 5.1 4.1 * * * *
Bought from Friend or Relative * 0.8 * * * 0.8 * * * *
Took from Friend or Relative without
   Asking		 0.1 1.4 * * * * * * * *
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR
OTHER STRANGER		 1.0 * * * * * * * * *
SOME OTHER WAY1 * * * * * * * * * *
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on Source for Most Recent Misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding other-specify questions were excluded from the analysis.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some Other Way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.13A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)
Relieve Physical Pain 6,735a 6,063 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 909 877 -- -- 2,442 2,527 216 153
Help with Sleep 577 433 -- -- 1,228 1,160 926 773
Help with Feelings or Emotion 390 383 -- -- 730 721 52a 14
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 296 236 261 213 376 274 30 21
Feel Good or Get High 1,426a 1,016 625a 466 755 673 78 66
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 80 86 77 70 89 86 * 12
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 241 302 20 11 21 38 * *
Help Lose Weight -- -- 175 217 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 1,597a 1,257 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 1,686 1,620 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 1,148 1,048 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 109 144 147 90 187 155 27 12
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.13B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)
Relieve Physical Pain 62.6 63.6 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 8.4 9.2 -- -- 41.9 44.8 16.2 14.5
Help with Sleep 5.4 4.5 -- -- 21.1 20.6 69.4 73.6
Help with Feelings or Emotion 3.6 4.0 -- -- 12.5 12.8 3.9 1.4
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 2.8 2.5 4.6 4.3 6.5 4.9 2.3 2.0
Feel Good or Get High 13.2a 10.6 10.9 9.3 13.0 12.0 5.9 6.2
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 * 1.1
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 2.2 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 * *
Help Lose Weight -- -- 3.0 4.3 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 27.8 25.2 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 29.4 32.4 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 20.0 21.0 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 1.0 1.5 2.6 1.8 3.2 2.7 2.0 1.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.14A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)
Relieve Physical Pain 6,402a 5,690 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 842 820 -- -- 2,349 2,381 202 140
Help with Sleep 548 404 -- -- 1,192 1,113 900 742
Help with Feelings or Emotion 327 341 -- -- 644 667 45 14
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 241 193 221 181 306 220 27 15
Feel Good or Get High 1,280a 934 575a 416 622 590 69 55
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 71 85 75 65 81 84 * 12
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 240 302 20 9 19 37 * *
Help Lose Weight -- -- 164 203 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 1,446a 1,131 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 1,634 1,577 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 1,063 985 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 98 134 124 81 182 148 20 12
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190405
Table 6.14B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Pain Reliever
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Stimulant
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Tranquilizer
Misuse
(2018)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2017)		 Past Year
Sedative
Misuse
(2018)
Relieve Physical Pain 63.7 63.9 -- -- -- -- -- --
Relax or Relieve Tension 8.4 9.2 -- -- 43.5 45.4 16.0 14.2
Help with Sleep 5.4 4.5 -- -- 22.1 21.2 70.9 74.9
Help with Feelings or Emotion 3.3 3.8 -- -- 11.9 12.7 3.6 1.4
Experiment or See What It‘s Like 2.4 2.2 4.1 3.9 5.7 4.2 2.1 1.5
Feel Good or Get High 12.7 10.5 10.8 9.0 11.5 11.3 5.4 5.6
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 * 1.2
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It 2.4 3.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.7 * *
Help Lose Weight -- -- 3.1 4.4 -- -- -- --
Help Concentrate -- -- 27.2 24.3 -- -- -- --
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake -- -- 30.7 33.9 -- -- -- --
Help Study -- -- 20.0 21.2 -- -- -- --
Some Other Reason 1.0 1.5 2.3 1.7 3.4 2.8 1.6 1.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as "--" (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their "other reason" (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the "Some Other Reason" category.
NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190422
Table 6.15A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Social Context and Location
of Most Recent Alcohol Use		 Total
(2017)		 Total
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2017)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2017)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2017)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Male
(2017)		 Male
(2018)		 Female
(2017)		 Female
(2018)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USERS1 7,440 7,146 324 304 2,141a 1,929 4,976 4,913 3,831 3,560 3,609 3,586
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST
RECENT ALCOHOL USE2		                        
Drank Alone 657 636 52 39 196 225 409 372 398 398 259 238
Drank with One Other Person 1,230 1,183 56 64 322 270 853 849 582 554 648 629
Drank with More than One
   Person		 5,240 5,028 166 163 1,502a 1,331 3,571 3,534 2,673 2,460 2,567 2,569
LOCATION OF MOST
RECENT ALCOHOL USE2,3		                        
Car or Other Vehicle 229 205 9 14 80 84 139 107 82 90 147 116
Home 2,624 2,543 131 99 623 636 1,870 1,809 1,382 1,278 1,242 1,266
Someone Else's Home 3,460 3,243 98 132 1,130a 945 2,232 2,166 1,810a 1,561 1,650 1,682
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot 303 309 14 12 132 92 157 205 127 166 175 143
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 524 507 8 3 46 42 470 462 202 195 323 311
Concert or Sports Game 156 186 3 * 38 25 115 158 77 73 79 113
School 157 131 6 1 22 16 130 114 82 78 75 53
Some Other Place4 420 377 10 * 135 134 275 233 194 201 226 176
Party, Wedding, or
   Celebration		 141 120 3 * 47 52 91 66 61 57 79 63
Outside (Location not
   Specified)		 38 36 0 * 15 18 23 16 28 28 10 8
Hotel, Motel, or Resort 48 80 * 0 9 19 40 61 18 44 31 36
Camping, Hunting, or
   Fishing		 24 10 2 * 13 7 9 4 11 7 13 3
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation
   Home, etc.		 25 11 * * 10 3 13 8 12 3 13 8
Dorm Room 7 7 * * * * 7 7 1 4 6 3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Respondents could specify other locations for "Some Other Place." The "other" locations listed are among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190422
Table 6.15B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Social Context and Location
of Most Recent Alcohol Use		 Total
(2017)		 Total
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2017)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2017)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2017)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Male
(2017)		 Male
(2018)		 Female
(2017)		 Female
(2018)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USERS1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST
RECENT ALCOHOL USE2		                        
Drank Alone 9.2 9.3 19.1 14.5 9.7 12.3 8.5 7.8 10.9 11.7 7.5 6.9
Drank with One Other Person 17.3 17.3 20.4 24.0 15.9 14.8 17.6 17.9 15.9 16.2 18.7 18.3
Drank with More than One
   Person		 73.5 73.4 60.5 61.5 74.4 72.9 73.9 74.3 73.2 72.1 73.9 74.8
LOCATION OF MOST
RECENT ALCOHOL USE2,3		                        
Car or Other Vehicle 3.2 3.0 3.4 5.5 4.0 4.7 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.7 4.3 3.4
Home 37.3 37.5 49.2 38.4 31.3 35.1 39.1 38.4 38.3 37.9 36.2 37.1
Someone Else's Home 49.1 47.8 36.8a 51.3 56.8 52.2 46.6 46.0 50.2 46.3 48.1 49.3
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot 4.3 4.6 5.1 4.5 6.6 5.1 3.3 4.3 3.5 4.9 5.1 4.2
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 7.4 7.5 3.1 1.0 2.3 2.3 9.8 9.8 5.6 5.8 9.4 9.1
Concert or Sports Game 2.2 2.7 1.1 * 1.9 1.4 2.4 3.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.3
School 2.2 1.9 2.1 0.6 1.1 0.9 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.5
Some Other Place4 6.1 5.7 4.0 * 6.9 7.6 5.8 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.7 5.3
Party, Wedding, or
   Celebration		 2.0 1.8 1.0 * 2.4 3.0 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.9
Outside (Location not
   Specified)		 0.6 0.5 0.1 * 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2
Hotel, Motel, or Resort 0.7 1.2 * 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.3 0.9 1.1
Camping, Hunting, or
   Fishing		 0.3 0.2 0.8 * 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation
   Home, etc.		 0.4 0.2 * * 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2
Dorm Room 0.1 0.1 * * * * 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Respondents could specify other locations for "Some Other Place." The "other" locations listed are among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190422
Table 6.16A – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use
in the Past Month		 Total
(2017)		 Total
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2017)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2017)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2017)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Male
(2017)		 Male
(2018)		 Female
(2017)		 Female
(2018)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USERS1 7,440 7,146 324 304 2,141a 1,929 4,976 4,913 3,831 3,560 3,609 3,586
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID2 2,064 1,899 21 10 372 315 1,672 1,575 1,202 1,138 862 761
Purchased It Himself or Herself 670 669 8 * 66 72 596 597 455 419 215 250
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club,
   or Event		 548 575 3 * 44 53 501 523 361 358 186 218
Liquor, Convenience, or
   Grocery Store		 380 398 3 * 41 32 336 366 282 275 98 124
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 150 171 * * 1a 20 149 151 65 80 85 91
Concert, Sports, or Other
   Event		 14 6 * * 2 1 13 5 11 4 4 3
From Another Person 108 81 5 * 21 18 82 64 80 50 29 31
From Person under Age 21 46 38 5 * 12 17 28 21 33 28 13 10
From Person Aged 21 or Older 62 43 * * 8a 0 54 43 46 21 16 22
Purchased by Someone Else 1,380 1,223 11 10 304 240 1,065 973 733 716 646a 507
Parent or Guardian 43 73 * * 4 7 39 66 16 43 27 30
Another Family Member Aged 21
   or Older		 159 171 * * 22 32 137 137 85 94 74 76
Someone Not Related Aged 21
   or Older		 947a 787 10 6 182 137 756 644 515 478 433a 310
Someone under Age 21 186 148 * * 77 53 108 93 88 72 98 76
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY2 5,060 4,935 258 256 1,642 1,510 3,160 3,169 2,449 2,269 2,611 2,665
Got It from Parent or Guardian 693 690 40 46 231 212 423 431 342 292 351 398
Got It from Another Family Member
   Aged 21 or Older		 652 671 35 34 215 170 402 468 315 334 337 337
Got It from Someone Not Related
   Aged 21 or Older		 1,623 1,511 22 31 291 260 1,309 1,220 737 638 886 873
Got It from Someone under Age 21 861 871 43 40 414 393 405 438 412 389 449 481
Took It from Own Home 377 421 49 44 147a 236 181 142 189 211 187 211
Took It from Someone Else's Home 168 156 10 10 76 62 81 85 94 82 74 74
Got It Some Other Way 350 297 24 22 149a 79 178 197 192 167 158 130
From Friend or Acquaintance,
   Unspecified Age and Method3		 170a 92 11 5 78a 21 81 66 75 48 95a 44
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could specify other sources for "Some Other Way." The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190422
Table 6.16B – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use
in the Past Month		 Total
(2017)		 Total
(2018)		 Aged 12-14
(2017)		 Aged 12-14
(2018)		 Aged 15-17
(2017)		 Aged 15-17
(2018)		 Aged 18-20
(2017)		 Aged 18-20
(2018)		 Male
(2017)		 Male
(2018)		 Female
(2017)		 Female
(2018)
TOTAL PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USERS1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID2 29.0 27.8 7.5 3.6 18.4 17.2 34.6 33.2 32.9 33.4 24.8 22.2
Purchased It Himself or Herself 9.4 9.8 3.0 * 3.3 3.9 12.4 12.6 12.5 12.3 6.2 7.3
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club,
   or Event		 7.7 8.4 0.9 * 2.2 2.9 10.4 11.1 10.0 10.5 5.4 6.4
Liquor, Convenience, or
   Grocery Store		 5.4 5.8 0.9 * 2.1 1.8 7.0 7.8 7.8 8.1 2.8 3.6
Restaurant, Bar, or Club 2.1 2.5 * * 0.0a 1.1 3.1 3.2 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.7
Concert, Sports, or Other
   Event		 0.2 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1
From Another Person 1.5 1.2 1.9 * 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.9
From Person under Age 21 0.6 0.6 1.9 * 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3
From Person Aged 21 or Older 0.9 0.6 * * 0.4a 0.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.6
Purchased by Someone Else 19.4 17.9 4.0 3.6 15.1 13.2 22.1 20.5 20.2 21.0 18.6a 14.8
Parent or Guardian 0.6 1.1 * * 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.4 0.4 1.3 0.8 0.9
Another Family Member Aged 21
   or Older		 2.2 2.5 * * 1.1 1.7 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.2
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or
   Older		 13.4 11.6 3.4 2.4 9.1 7.6 15.8 13.7 14.3 14.1 12.5a 9.1
Someone under Age 21 2.6 2.2 * * 3.9 2.9 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.2
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY2 71.0 72.2 92.5 96.4 81.6 82.8 65.4 66.8 67.1 66.6 75.2 77.8
Got It from Parent or Guardian 10.2 10.6 16.4 19.7 12.2 12.3 9.1 9.5 9.8 9.0 10.6 12.2
Got It from Another Family Member
   Aged 21 or Older		 9.6 10.3 14.3 14.2 11.4 9.8 8.6 10.3 9.0 10.3 10.2 10.3
Got It from Someone Not Related
   Aged 21 or Older		 23.9 23.2 9.0 13.2 15.4 15.1 28.2 26.8 21.2 19.6 26.8 26.7
Got It from Someone under Age 21 12.7 13.4 17.4 16.9 21.8 22.8 8.7 9.6 11.8 12.0 13.6 14.7
Took It from Own Home 5.5 6.5 20.2 18.5 7.7a 13.7 3.9 3.1 5.4 6.5 5.7 6.5
Took It from Someone Else's Home 2.5 2.4 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.6 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.3
Got It Some Other Way 5.2 4.6 9.8 9.2 7.8a 4.6 3.8 4.3 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.0
From Friend or Acquaintance,
   Unspecified Age and Method3		 2.5a 1.4 4.6 2.1 4.1a 1.2 1.7 1.4 2.2 1.5 2.9a 1.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The total row includes respondents with missing underage drinking information.
2 Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses.
3 Respondents could specify other sources for "Some Other Way." The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.17A – Types of Illicit Drug Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Drug Total1 PREGNANCY STATUS
Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS 8,855a 9,686 194 128 8,604a 9,509
Marijuana 7,707a 8,606 161 111 7,492a 8,455
Cocaine 515 492 8 * 506 489
Crack 50 66 * * 50 65
Heroin 94 94 * 1 93 92
Hallucinogens 474 460 3 1 469 454
LSD 136 138 0 * 136 138
PCP 4 4 * * 4 4
Ecstasy 216 216 * * 214 215
Inhalants 108 127 1 * 107 127
Methamphetamine 164 226 3 6 161 219
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 1,886 1,714 42 26 1,832 1,679
Pain Relievers 973 824 32 22 934 802
Stimulants 682 636 5 13 671 614
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 646 587 16 * 627 577
Tranquilizers 595 553 12 * 581 543
Sedatives 76 65 5 * 71 55
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1,025 878 32 22 986 856
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2 2,612 2,503 53 31 2,546 2,457
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.17B – Types of Illicit Drug Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Drug Total1 PREGNANCY STATUS
Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS 13.8a 15.0 8.5a 5.4 14.0a 15.4
Marijuana 12.0a 13.4 7.1 4.7 12.2a 13.7
Cocaine 0.8 0.8 0.4 * 0.8 0.8
Crack 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.2 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7
LSD 0.2 0.2 0.0 * 0.2 0.2
PCP 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 0.0
Ecstasy 0.3 0.3 * * 0.3 0.3
Inhalants 0.2 0.2 0.0 * 0.2 0.2
Methamphetamine 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 2.9 2.7 1.8 1.1 3.0 2.7
Pain Relievers 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.3
Stimulants 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.6 1.1 1.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.0 0.9 0.7 * 1.0 0.9
Tranquilizers 0.9 0.9 0.5 * 0.9 0.9
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.2 * 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.4
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2 4.1 3.9 2.3 1.3 4.1 4.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
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Table 6.18A – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE PAST MONTH OPIOID USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 8,855a 9,686 194 128 8,604a 9,509 7,707a 8,606 161 111 7,492a 8,455 1,025 878 32 22 986 856
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 820 779 * * 800 777 721 682 * * 703 680 91 80 * * 86 80
18-25 3,595 3,702 77 67 3,496 3,620 3,281 3,390 68 65 3,192 3,311 327a 246 8 3 313 243
26-44 4,439a 5,204 111 60 4,308a 5,113 3,705a 4,534 88 45 3,597a 4,465 608 552 21 18 587 533
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 2,077 2,297 64 45 2,003 2,234 1,763a 2,043 52 43 1,703a 1,983 269 268 11 * 256 265
100-199% 2,138 2,085 67a 28 2,054 2,038 1,838 1,871 55 23 1,766 1,837 285 204 16 * 266 199
200% or More 4,534a 5,194 63 55 4,441a 5,128 4,010a 4,587 54 46 3,927a 4,530 469 402 5 14 460 387
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 4,811a 5,382 66 42 4,717a 5,319 4,272a 4,787 57 41 4,186a 4,727 418 399 6 * 410 399
Medicaid/CHIP 2,599 2,720 106a 48 2,473 2,663 2,220 2,441 91a 41 2,111a 2,390 367 292 14 7 348 284
Other4 635 705 * * 610 681 529 629 * * 504 614 115 70 * * 115 61
No Coverage 1,140 1,260 * * 1,111 1,222 968 1,101 * * 950 1,070 202 145 * * 189 139
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 91 89 da da da da 82 75 da da da da 7 18 da da
Second da da 46 21 da da da da 33 20 da da da da 12 * da da
Third da da 53a 14 da da da da 43a 13 da da da da 14 2 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.18B – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE PAST MONTH OPIOID USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 13.8a 15.0 8.5a 5.4 14.0a 15.4 12.0a 13.4 7.1 4.7 12.2a 13.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.4
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 12.8 12.4 * * 12.6 12.5 11.3 10.9 * * 11.1 10.9 1.4 1.3 * * 1.4 1.3
18-25 21.1 21.8 11.0 10.0 21.5 22.4 19.2 20.0 9.7 9.8 19.7 20.4 1.9a 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.9 1.5
26-44 10.9a 12.6 7.2a 3.6 11.1a 13.0 9.1a 11.0 5.7 2.7 9.2a 11.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.4
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 15.4 16.8 12.5 10.1 15.5 17.0 13.1a 15.0 10.2 9.7 13.2a 15.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 * 2.0 2.0
100-199% 15.3 15.2 13.8a 5.3 15.4 15.6 13.2 13.7 11.3a 4.3 13.2 14.1 2.0 1.5 3.4 * 2.0 1.5
200% or More 12.5a 14.2 4.9 4.0 12.7a 14.6 11.0a 12.5 4.2 3.3 11.2a 12.9 1.3 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.1
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 12.2a 13.4 5.3 3.1 12.4a 13.8 10.8a 11.9 4.7 3.1 11.0a 12.3 1.1 1.0 0.4 * 1.1 1.0
Medicaid/CHIP 16.9 17.9 12.1a 5.5 17.2 18.6 14.5 16.0 10.4a 4.7 14.7a 16.7 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.8 2.4 2.0
Other4 14.8 16.6 * * 14.8 16.8 12.3 14.8 * * 12.2 15.1 2.7 1.6 * * 2.8 1.5
No Coverage 15.6 17.1 * * 15.5 17.0 13.2 15.0 * * 13.3 14.9 2.8 2.0 * * 2.6 1.9
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 12.2 12.4 da da da da 11.0 10.5 da da da da 0.9 2.6 da da
Second da da 5.5 2.4 da da da da 3.9 2.3 da da da da 1.4 * da da
Third da da 8.0a 2.0 da da da da 6.4a 1.7 da da da da 2.0 0.2 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.19A – Tobacco Use, Cigarette Use, Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 13,222 13,034 334 271 12,780 12,692 11,909 11,601 313 258 11,499 11,273 6,651 6,219 205 151 6,408 6,032
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 437a 347 * * 420 345 323 257 * * 308 255 44 43 * * 44 43
18-25 3,725a 3,425 149 124 3,536 3,285 3,194a 2,747 135 115 3,026a 2,617 1,412a 1,107 92 62 1,309a 1,041
26-44 9,060 9,262 181 147 8,824 9,061 8,391 8,598 176 142 8,165 8,401 5,194 5,069 113 89 5,056 4,949
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 3,906 3,837 150 97 3,721 3,725 3,578 3,474 143 90 3,406 3,369 2,105 1,941 93 56 1,997 1,880
100-199% 3,472 3,421 106 94 3,332 3,280 3,165 3,073 103 94 3,029 2,933 1,924 1,838 69 54 1,841 1,755
200% or More 5,802 5,728 78 81 5,687 5,638 5,137 5,013 68 74 5,036 4,929 2,622 2,440 43 41 2,571 2,396
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 6,250 6,062 91 72 6,137 5,956 5,477 5,266 84 69 5,376 5,163 2,662 2,437 57 27 2,605 2,390
Medicaid/CHIP 4,498 4,453 225a 149 4,226 4,286 4,118 4,075 214 148 3,862 3,910 2,572 2,451 127 91 2,427 2,355
Other4 1,001 936 * * 962 899 918 820 * * 882 786 458 454 * * 425 432
No Coverage 2,044 2,223 * * 1,994 2,163 1,913 2,028 * * 1,866 1,977 1,231 1,212 * * 1,208 1,183
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 141 120 da da da da 128 107 da da da da 82 59 da da
Second da da 100 83 da da da da 95 82 da da da da 59 44 da da
Third da da 92 62 da da da da 90 62 da da da da 63 47 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.19B – Tobacco Use, Cigarette Use, Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status Total1 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 20.6 20.2 14.7 11.6 20.8 20.6 18.5 18.0 13.8 11.0 18.7 18.3 10.4 9.7 9.0 6.4 10.4 9.8
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 6.8 5.5 * * 6.6 5.6 5.0 4.1 * * 4.8 4.1 0.7 0.7 * * 0.7 0.7
18-25 21.8a 20.2 21.2 18.5 21.8 20.3 18.7a 16.2 19.1 17.1 18.6a 16.2 8.3a 6.5 13.0 9.3 8.1a 6.4
26-44 22.2 22.5 11.7 8.9 22.6 23.1 20.6 20.9 11.4 8.6 20.9 21.4 12.8 12.3 7.3 5.4 13.0 12.6
POVERTY LEVEL2                                    
Less Than 100% 28.9 28.1 29.4 21.8 28.8 28.3 26.5 25.4 28.0 20.3 26.4 25.6 15.6 14.2 18.2 12.7 15.5 14.3
100-199% 24.9 25.0 21.8 17.8 24.9 25.2 22.7 22.4 21.1 17.7 22.6 22.5 13.8 13.4 14.1 10.3 13.8 13.5
200% or More 16.0 15.6 6.1 5.9 16.3 16.1 14.1 13.7 5.3 5.4 14.4 14.1 7.2 6.7 3.4 3.0 7.4 6.8
HEALTH INSURANCE3                                    
Private 15.8 15.1 7.4 5.4 16.1 15.5 13.8 13.1 6.8 5.2 14.1 13.4 6.7 6.1 4.6a 2.0 6.8 6.2
Medicaid/CHIP 29.3 29.2 25.7a 17.0 29.5 30.0 26.8 26.8 24.4a 16.9 26.9 27.4 16.8 16.1 14.5 10.3 16.9 16.5
Other4 23.3 22.0 * * 23.3 22.2 21.3 19.3 * * 21.4 19.4 10.6 10.7 * * 10.3 10.7
No Coverage 27.9 30.2 * * 27.9 30.1 26.1 27.6 * * 26.1 27.5 16.8 16.5 * * 16.9 16.5
TRIMESTER5                                    
First da da 18.8 16.7 da da da da 17.1 14.9 da da da da 11.0 8.2 da da
Second da da 11.9 9.6 da da da da 11.3 9.5 da da da da 7.0 5.1 da da
Third da da 13.8 8.4 da da da da 13.5 8.4 da da da da 9.5 6.3 da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.20A – Alcohol Use, Binge Alcohol Use, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE1 PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE
Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 33,967 34,133 261 233 33,528 33,722 18,073 17,963 118 111 17,879 17,786 3,576 3,587 11 34 3,553 3,522
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 1,174a 984 * * 1,152a 981 656a 529 * * 635 528 91a 52 * * 88a 51
18-25 9,463 9,379 75 75 9,334 9,252 6,049 5,837 48 42 5,968 5,771 1,365 1,351 4 16 1,356 1,329
26-44 23,330 23,769 181 158 23,041 23,489 11,369 11,597 64 68 11,276 11,488 2,120 2,184 7 18 2,110 2,141
POVERTY LEVEL3                                    
Less Than 100% 5,255 5,500 55 57 5,173 5,425 3,177 3,534 40 33 3,128a 3,498 606 615 * 10 602 602
100-199% 6,411 6,137 38 43 6,342 6,040 3,683 3,396 11 28 3,651 3,349 652 542 * 12 652 522
200% or More 22,082 22,262 168 133 21,798 22,023 11,046 10,862 68 49 10,935 10,769 2,247 2,364 7 12 2,227 2,331
HEALTH INSURANCE4                                    
Private 23,672 24,025 157 155 23,415 23,741 12,102 11,925 65 53 11,992 11,831 2,481 2,455 7 21 2,463 2,413
Medicaid/CHIP 5,767 5,795 69 52 5,653 5,716 3,392 3,345 32 27 3,334 3,310 610 573 * 15 606 556
Other5 2,223 2,032 * * 2,199 2,008 1,123 1,136 * * 1,114 1,116 225 251 * * 223 249
No Coverage 3,308 3,328 * * 3,255 3,278 1,946 2,115 * * 1,922 2,079 414 396 * * 414 383
TRIMESTER6                                    
First da da 182 151 da da da da 96 88 da da da da 8 25 da da
Second da da 40 50 da da da da 7 17 da da da da 3 9 da da
Third da da 23 26 da da da da 7 * da da da da * * da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
2 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
6 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.20B – Alcohol Use, Binge Alcohol Use, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status, Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Pregnancy Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic/Socioeconomic/
Pregnancy Characteristic		 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE1 PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE
Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status Total2 Pregnancy Status
Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 52.9 53.0 11.5 9.9 54.5 54.7 28.1 27.9 5.2 4.7 29.0 28.8 5.6 5.6 0.5 1.5 5.8 5.7
AGE GROUP                                    
15-17 18.3a 15.7 * * 18.1a 15.8 10.2a 8.4 * * 10.0 8.5 1.4a 0.8 * * 1.4a 0.8
18-25 55.4 55.3 10.6 11.2 57.5 57.1 35.4 34.4 6.9 6.3 36.8 35.6 8.0 8.0 0.5 2.4 8.4 8.2
26-44 57.3 57.8 11.7 9.5 59.1 59.9 27.9 28.2 4.2 4.1 28.9 29.3 5.2 5.3 0.5 1.1 5.4 5.5
POVERTY LEVEL3                                    
Less Than 100% 38.9 40.3 10.7 13.0 40.1 41.2 23.5a 25.9 7.8 7.6 24.2a 26.6 4.5 4.5 * 2.2 4.7 4.6
100-199% 46.0 44.8 7.9 8.1 47.4 46.3 26.4 24.8 2.3 5.3 27.3 25.7 4.7 4.0 * 2.3 4.9 4.0
200% or More 60.7 60.8 13.1 9.7 62.4 62.8 30.4 29.7 5.3 3.6 31.3 30.7 6.2 6.5 0.6 0.9 6.4 6.6
HEALTH INSURANCE4                                    
Private 59.8 59.9 12.7 11.6 61.4 61.6 30.6 29.7 5.3 4.0 31.4 30.7 6.3 6.1 0.6 1.6 6.5 6.3
Medicaid/CHIP 37.6 38.1 7.9 6.0 39.4 40.0 22.1 22.0 3.7 3.1 23.2 23.2 4.0 3.8 * 1.7 4.2 3.9
Other5 51.6 47.8 * * 53.3 49.6 26.1 26.7 * * 27.0 27.6 5.2 5.9 * * 5.4 6.1
No Coverage 45.2 45.3 * * 45.5 45.6 26.6 28.8 * * 26.9 28.9 5.7 5.4 * * 5.8 5.3
TRIMESTER6                                    
First da da 24.3 21.0 da da da da 12.8 12.3 da da da da 1.1 3.5 da da
Second da da 4.8 5.8 da da da da 0.8 2.0 da da da da 0.3 1.0 da da
Third da da 3.5 3.6 da da da da 1.0 * da da da da * * da da
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
2 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
6 Pregnant females aged 15 to 44 not reporting trimester were excluded.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.21A – Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance Total1 PREGNANCY STATUS
Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS 8,855a 9,686 194 128 8,604a 9,509
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 13,222 13,034 334 271 12,780 12,692
Cigarettes 11,909 11,601 313 258 11,499 11,273
Smokeless Tobacco 383 456 6 8 377 447
Cigars 2,115 2,251 51 39 2,041 2,196
Pipe Tobacco 395 446 * 11 389 434
ALCOHOL 33,967 34,133 261 233 33,528 33,722
Binge Alcohol Use2 18,073 17,963 118 111 17,879 17,786
Heavy Alcohol Use 3,576 3,587 11 34 3,553 3,522
ILLICIT DRUGS, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, OR ALCOHOL 39,290 39,556 563 487 38,508 38,863
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL 35,839 36,193 379 309 35,275 35,699
TOBACCO PRODUCTS OR ALCOHOL 38,382 38,549 515 446 37,653 37,898
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190403
Table 6.21B – Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance Total1 PREGNANCY STATUS
Pregnant Not Pregnant
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS 13.8a 15.0 8.5a 5.4 14.0a 15.4
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 20.6 20.2 14.7 11.6 20.8 20.6
Cigarettes 18.5 18.0 13.8 11.0 18.7 18.3
Smokeless Tobacco 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7
Cigars 3.3 3.5 2.2 1.7 3.3 3.6
Pipe Tobacco 0.6 0.7 * 0.5 0.6 0.7
ALCOHOL 52.9 53.0 11.5 9.9 54.5 54.7
Binge Alcohol Use2 28.1 27.9 5.2 4.7 29.0 28.8
Heavy Alcohol Use 5.6 5.6 0.5 1.5 5.8 5.7
ILLICIT DRUGS, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, OR ALCOHOL 61.2 61.5 24.7 20.8 62.5 63.0
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL 55.8 56.2 16.6 13.2 57.3 57.9
TOBACCO PRODUCTS OR ALCOHOL 59.8 59.9 22.6 19.0 61.2 61.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status.
2 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
191205
Table 6.22A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance All Persons Aged 18-221 Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 Other Persons Aged 18-222
Total Gender Total Gender Total Gender
Male Female Male Female Male Female
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS 5,261 5,276 2,955 2,879 2,306 2,396 1,793 1,881 934 938 859 942 3,430 3,302 1,995 1,880 1,435 1,422
Marijuana 4,858 4,928 2,725 2,717 2,133 2,211 1,643 1,726 843 855 800 871 3,177 3,118 1,856 1,808 1,322 1,309
Cocaine 421a 313 267 190 154 123 145 121 92 75 53 46 266 190 166 113 100 77
Crack 14 21 8 12 7 9 4 1 * 1 4 * 7 18 4 9 3 9
Heroin 38 29 20 15 18 14 2 4 * * 2 4 36 26 20 15 16 10
Hallucinogens 377 330 224 181 153 148 136 123 73 56 63 68 241 200 151 123 91 77
LSD 195 130 130 81 64 49 63 31 34 14 29 17 131 95 96 67 35 28
PCP * * 1 * * * * * * * * * 1 * 1 * * *
Ecstasy 154 147 75 54 80 93 55 58 24 17 30 41 100 82 50 35 50 48
Inhalants 110 81 67 53 44 28 25 24 17 16 8 8 82 49 47 30 35 18
Methamphetamine 82 53 58 33 23 20 7 6 4 4 3 2 70 45 49 26 21 19
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 986a 754 553a 382 433 372 401 310 215 167 187 143 584a 435 338a 214 246 222
Pain Relievers 411a 286 222 155 189 131 110 67 48 40 62a 27 301a 211 174 115 127 96
Stimulants 461a 336 256 179 205 157 249 192 136 105 113 87 212a 144 120 74 92 70
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 342 273 192 135 150 138 102 73 58 34 44 40 240 198 134 100 106 99
Tranquilizers 327 259 185 128 142 131 94 68 51 34 44 34 232 190 134 94 98 96
Sedatives 27 18 16 9 10 10 7 5 7 * * 5 19 13 9 9 10 4
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 431a 309 234 167 197 141 113 71 48 40 64 31 319a 230 186 127 132 103
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana3 1,531a 1,226 912a 661 618 564 566 481 325 265 241 216 955a 721 578a 386 376 336
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 5,663a 5,130 3,530a 3,198 2,133 1,932 1,437 1,330 887 818 550 512 4,166a 3,702 2,599a 2,318 1,567a 1,384
Cigarettes 4,282a 3,692 2,497a 2,192 1,785a 1,500 965 851 522 483 443 368 3,269a 2,772 1,940a 1,661 1,329a 1,111
Daily Cigarettes 1,418a 1,171 735 680 684a 491 143 111 61 58 82 53 1,253a 1,030 659 597 594a 434
Smokeless Tobacco 947 925 869 791 78a 133 211 262 202 199 9a 63 725 649 656 580 69 69
Cigars 2,006 1,910 1,452 1,349 554 561 614 525 433 391 181 134 1,366 1,331 1,002 918 364 413
Pipe Tobacco 358 386 245 284 113 102 94 117 55 92 40 25 263 254 190 187 73 68
ALCOHOL 10,585 10,466 5,478 5,280 5,108 5,186 4,078 4,310 1,959 2,009 2,119 2,301 6,456 6,045 3,488 3,198 2,968 2,847
Binge Alcohol Use4 7,073 6,762 3,705 3,485 3,368 3,277 2,645 2,879 1,294 1,402 1,351 1,477 4,396a 3,818 2,388a 2,038 2,007a 1,780
Heavy Alcohol Use 1,924 1,773 1,114 999 810 774 740 780 395 428 345 352 1,174a 972 709a 561 464 411
SUBSTANCE USE                                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 12,707 12,570 6,781 6,558 5,926 6,012 4,504 4,732 2,217 2,263 2,287 2,469 8,121 7,682 4,510 4,197 3,611 3,485
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 11,677 11,673 6,158 5,981 5,519 5,693 4,339 4,593 2,117 2,154 2,221 2,439 7,278 6,941 4,004 3,736 3,275 3,205
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 12,150 11,866 6,456 6,162 5,694 5,704 4,354 4,519 2,129 2,149 2,225 2,370 7,718a 7,201 4,274a 3,923 3,444 3,278
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The All Persons Aged 18-22 column includes those with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs
4 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
191205
Table 6.22B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Gender: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance All Persons Aged 18-221 Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 Other Persons Aged 18-222
Total Gender Total Gender Total Gender
Male Female Male Female Male Female
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
ILLICIT DRUGS 24.8 24.5 27.0 26.0 22.5 23.0 23.6 24.2 25.9 25.1 21.5 23.4 25.6 24.5 27.7 26.1 23.2 22.6
Marijuana 22.9 22.9 24.9 24.5 20.8 21.2 21.6 22.2 23.4 22.9 20.0 21.6 23.7 23.1 25.7 25.2 21.3 20.8
Cocaine 2.0a 1.5 2.4a 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.6 2.6 2.0 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.2
Crack 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 * 0.0 0.1 * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Heroin 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 * * 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2
Hallucinogens 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.2
LSD 0.9a 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8a 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4
PCP * * 0.0 * * * * * * * * * 0.0 * 0.0 * * *
Ecstasy 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8
Inhalants 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3
Methamphetamine 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 4.7a 3.5 5.1a 3.4 4.2 3.6 5.3a 4.0 6.0 4.5 4.7 3.5 4.4a 3.2 4.7a 3.0 4.0 3.5
Pain Relievers 1.9a 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.8a 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.6a 0.7 2.2a 1.6 2.4 1.6 2.0 1.5
Stimulants 2.2a 1.6 2.3a 1.6 2.0 1.5 3.3 2.5 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.2 1.6a 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.6
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.5
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 2.0a 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.8 2.4a 1.7 2.6 1.8 2.1 1.6
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana3 7.2a 5.7 8.3a 6.0 6.0 5.4 7.4 6.2 9.0 7.1 6.0 5.4 7.1a 5.3 8.0a 5.4 6.1 5.3
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 26.7a 23.8 32.3a 28.9 20.8a 18.5 18.9 17.1 24.6 21.9 13.8 12.7 31.1a 27.4 36.1a 32.2 25.3a 22.0
Cigarettes 20.2a 17.2 22.9a 19.8 17.4a 14.4 12.7 11.0 14.5 12.9 11.1 9.1 24.4a 20.5 26.9a 23.1 21.5a 17.6
Daily Cigarettes 6.7a 5.4 6.7 6.1 6.7a 4.7 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.3 9.4a 7.6 9.1 8.3 9.6a 6.9
Smokeless Tobacco 4.5 4.3 7.9 7.1 0.8 1.3 2.8 3.4 5.6 5.3 0.2a 1.6 5.4 4.8 9.1 8.1 1.1 1.1
Cigars 9.5 8.9 13.3 12.2 5.4 5.4 8.1 6.8 12.0 10.5 4.5 3.3 10.2 9.9 13.9 12.8 5.9 6.5
Pipe Tobacco 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.0 0.6 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.6 1.2 1.1
ALCOHOL 49.9 48.7 50.1 47.7 49.7 49.7 53.6 55.5 54.3 53.8 53.0 57.0 48.2a 44.8 48.4a 44.5 47.9 45.2
Binge Alcohol Use4 33.4a 31.4 33.9 31.5 32.8 31.4 34.8 37.1 35.9 37.6 33.8 36.6 32.8a 28.3 33.1a 28.4 32.4a 28.2
Heavy Alcohol Use 9.1 8.2 10.2 9.0 7.9 7.4 9.7 10.0 11.0 11.5 8.6 8.7 8.8a 7.2 9.8a 7.8 7.5 6.5
SUBSTANCE USE                                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 60.0 58.4 62.1a 59.2 57.7 57.6 59.2 60.9 61.5 60.6 57.2 61.2 60.6a 56.9 62.6a 58.4 58.3 55.3
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 55.1 54.3 56.4 54.0 53.8 54.5 57.0 59.1 58.7 57.7 55.5a 60.5 54.3a 51.4 55.5a 52.0 52.9 50.8
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 57.3a 55.2 59.1a 55.7 55.5 54.6 57.2 58.2 59.0 57.6 55.6 58.8 57.6a 53.4 59.3a 54.6 55.6a 52.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The All Persons Aged 18-22 column includes those with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs
4 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190409
Table 6.23A – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 1,672 1,718 487 586 1,177 1,115
AGE            
18 280 341 70 92 207 250
19 347 336 108 136 237 193
20 388 349 117 113 269 235
21 331 367 117 142 213 224
22 327 325 74 103 252 214
GENDER            
Male 1,065 990 327 298 730 683
Female 607 728 160a 288 447 433
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,325 1,426 419 483 897 927
White 936 1,018 285 358 644 649
Black or African American 249 243 87a 48 162 193
AIAN 9 * * * * *
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 53 70 20 45 34 25
Two or More Races 76 68 * * 49 37
Hispanic or Latino 347 293 68 103 280a 188
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 535 531 97 127 432 398
Part-Time 516 526 212 238 303 279
Unemployed 274 285 50 * 223 214
Other3 347 375 128 150 219 224
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190409
Table 6.23B – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 7.9 8.0 6.4 7.5 8.8 8.3
AGE            
18 6.3 7.2 4.8 5.9 7.0 7.8
19 8.0 7.8 5.9 6.8 9.6 8.5
20 9.5 8.8 7.0 7.6 11.3 9.6
21 8.1 8.7 7.7 8.7 8.5 8.8
22 7.7 7.7 6.6 9.2 8.1 7.0
GENDER            
Male 9.7 8.9 9.1 8.0 10.1 9.5
Female 5.9 7.0 4.0a 7.1 7.2 6.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.1 8.6 6.8 7.8 8.9 9.1
White 8.3 8.9 6.7 8.1 9.2 9.4
Black or African American 8.3 8.1 9.2 5.7 8.0 9.3
AIAN 7.5 * * * * *
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 4.1 5.2 2.5 5.8 6.7 4.3
Two or More Races 13.0 14.1 * * 12.6 11.2
Hispanic or Latino 7.2 5.9 4.8 6.7 8.4a 5.6
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 7.9 7.4 7.1 8.7 8.1 7.0
Part-Time 8.1 8.0 6.6 7.2 9.7 8.6
Unemployed 11.0 13.0 8.6 * 11.8 12.6
Other3 6.2 6.8 5.2 6.0 7.1 7.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190409
Table 6.24A – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 1,997 1,987 733 885 1,258a 1,081
AGE            
18 286 278 91 137 192 137
19 337 341 183 197 154 135
20 378 373 158 153 219 218
21 449 522 179 249 267 273
22 547 474 121 148 426a 318
GENDER            
Male 1,159 1,052 421 454 735a 587
Female 838 935 313a 430 523 494
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,534 1,610 583a 740 949 857
White 1,220 1,265 472 595 747 659
Black or African American 165 147 45 42 119 105
AIAN 8 14 * * 6 12
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 57 106 33 70 25 36
Two or More Races 77 63 * 29 45 32
Hispanic or Latino 463 377 150 144 309 224
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 814 763 166 193 648 565
Part-Time 554 644 287a 398 267 237
Unemployed 228 182 76 45 152 133
Other3 402 398 205 248 192 146
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190409
Table 6.24B – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 9.4 9.2 9.6 11.4 9.4a 8.0
AGE            
18 6.4 5.8 6.3 8.8 6.5a 4.3
19 7.8 7.9 9.9 9.9 6.3 5.9
20 9.2 9.4 9.5 10.4 9.2 9.0
21 11.0 12.4 11.8 15.3 10.7 10.7
22 12.9 11.2 10.8 13.3 13.7a 10.4
GENDER            
Male 10.6 9.5 11.7 12.2 10.2a 8.2
Female 8.2 9.0 7.8a 10.7 8.4 7.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 9.4 9.7 9.4a 11.9 9.4 8.4
White 10.8 11.1 11.2 13.5 10.6 9.5
Black or African American 5.5 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.9 5.0
AIAN 6.8 9.2 * * 6.8 9.2
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 4.4 7.8 4.2 9.1 4.9 6.1
Two or More Races 13.3 13.0 * 19.9 11.7 9.9
Hispanic or Latino 9.6 7.6 10.6 9.4 9.3 6.7
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 12.1 10.6 12.2 13.2 12.2a 10.0
Part-Time 8.7 9.7 8.9a 12.1 8.5 7.3
Unemployed 9.2 8.3 13.0 9.5 8.0 7.8
Other3 7.2 7.3 8.4 9.8 6.2 5.1
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190409
Table 6.25A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 3,114 3,095 1,026 1,235 2,075a 1,836
AGE            
18 482 530 141 189 335 337
19 606 564 258 278 346 275
20 642 590 230 227 409 362
21 655 730 232a 329 421 401
22 729 681 165 212 565 460
GENDER            
Male 1,862 1,695 610 610 1,241 1,072
Female 1,252 1,400 416a 625 834 764
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 2,420 2,536 842 1,027 1,569 1,494
White 1,816 1,910 630a 808 1,180 1,090
Black or African American 363 345 121 83 240 260
AIAN 12 * * * 10 *
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 103 143 48 86 55 56
Two or More Races 120 96 41 42 78 53
Hispanic or Latino 694 559 184 208 506a 342
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 1,161 1,079 224 268 930 806
Part-Time 911 978 426 543 484 426
Unemployed 431 396 105 89 324 302
Other3 612 641 270 336 337 301
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190409
Table 6.25B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 to 22, by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
Full-Time College Students Other Persons Aged 18-222
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
TOTAL 14.7 14.4 13.5a 15.9 15.5a 13.6
AGE            
18 10.8 11.1 9.7 12.2 11.3 10.6
19 14.0 13.0 14.1 14.0 14.1 12.2
20 15.7 14.8 13.8 15.3 17.2 14.9
21 16.1 17.3 15.2a 20.2 16.8 15.8
22 17.2 16.1 14.7 19.1 18.2 15.0
GENDER            
Male 17.0 15.3 16.9 16.3 17.2a 14.9
Female 12.2 13.4 10.4a 15.5 13.5 12.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 14.8 15.3 13.6a 16.5 15.6 14.7
White 16.0 16.7 14.9a 18.3 16.8 15.7
Black or African American 12.1 11.5 12.8 9.8 11.8 12.5
AIAN 10.5 * * * 10.5 *
NHOPI * * * * * *
Asian 8.0 10.5 6.2 11.2 10.9 9.6
Two or More Races 20.5 20.1 21.1 28.9 20.2 16.1
Hispanic or Latino 14.4a 11.3 13.0 13.5 15.2a 10.2
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT            
Full-Time 17.2a 15.0 16.5 18.2 17.5a 14.2
Part-Time 14.3 14.8 13.2a 16.5 15.5 13.1
Unemployed 17.3 18.0 18.1 18.6 17.1 17.8
Other3 10.9 11.7 11.1 13.3 10.9 10.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown enrollment status.
2 Other Persons include respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
3 The Other Employment category includes students, persons keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled persons, or other persons not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.26A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Alcohol
(2017)		 Alcohol
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2017)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)
TOTAL 21,439 20,524 11,819 11,833 12,794 12,615 2,421 2,221 29,102 28,069
AGE GROUP                    
16-25 3,830a 3,431 4,807 4,509 4,992 4,622 786a 589 6,855a 6,358
16-20 877 892 2,014 1,969 2,053 2,000 244 203 2,367 2,318
21-25 2,953a 2,539 2,793 2,540 2,938a 2,622 541a 386 4,487a 4,040
26 or Older 17,610 17,092 7,013 7,324 7,803 7,993 1,635 1,632 22,247 21,711
GENDER                    
Male 13,335 12,812 7,717 7,679 8,428 8,193 1,798 1,496 18,202 17,638
Female 8,105 7,712 4,102 4,154 4,366 4,422 622 725 10,900 10,431
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 18,892 18,260 10,234 10,226 11,064 10,913 2,048 1,886 25,616 24,816
White 16,298 15,863 8,072 7,887 8,780 8,442 1,688 1,553 21,486 20,846
Black or African American 1,603 1,466 1,507 1,529 1,546 1,613 199 185 2,651 2,466
AIAN 82 70 81 74 102 81 43 24 153 134
NHOPI 56 71 22 34 25 36 7 13 76 94
Asian 516 491 213 315 249 345 50 66 686 703
Two or More Races 338 299 339 386 362 395 61 46 565 573
Hispanic or Latino 2,548 2,264 1,586 1,607 1,731 1,702 372 335 3,486 3,253
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.26B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Alcohol
(2017)		 Alcohol
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2017)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)
TOTAL 8.4 8.0 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.9 1.0 0.9 11.5 11.0
AGE GROUP                    
16-25 9.0a 8.1 11.3 10.6 11.8 11.0 1.9a 1.4 16.3a 15.3
16-20 4.1 4.2 9.5 9.2 9.7 9.4 1.2 1.0 11.4 11.0
21-25 13.8a 12.2 13.1 12.2 13.9 12.7 2.6a 1.9 21.2a 19.6
26 or Older 8.3 8.0 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.8 0.8 0.8 10.5 10.2
GENDER                    
Male 10.8 10.3 6.3 6.2 6.9 6.7 1.5a 1.2 14.9 14.4
Female 6.2 5.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.4 0.5 0.5 8.3 7.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.9 8.5 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.1 1.0 0.9 12.1 11.7
White 10.1 9.8 5.0 4.9 5.5 5.2 1.0 1.0 13.4 13.0
Black or African American 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 0.7 0.6 8.8 8.1
AIAN 6.1 4.6 6.0 4.8 7.6 5.3 3.2 1.5 11.4 8.8
NHOPI 5.5 7.4 2.1 3.6 2.5 3.8 0.7 1.4 7.5 10.0
Asian 3.6 3.4 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.4 0.4 0.5 4.9 4.9
Two or More Races 7.6 6.5 7.6 8.5 8.2 8.8 1.4 1.0 12.9 12.8
Hispanic or Latino 6.1 5.3 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.0 0.9 0.8 8.5 7.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.27A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Alcohol
(2017)		 Alcohol
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2017)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)
TOTAL 21,439 20,524 11,819 11,833 12,794 12,615 2,421 2,221 29,102 28,069
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 3,763 3,735 2,122 2,166 2,270 2,309 292 290 5,058 5,052
Midwest 5,876 5,480 2,536 2,742 2,715 2,909 521 466 7,479 7,356
South 7,012 6,536 4,066 3,840 4,414 4,111 901 814 9,752 8,991
West 4,788 4,772 3,095 3,085 3,396 3,285 707 651 6,813 6,669
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 12,430 11,795 6,817 6,720 7,376 7,080 1,326a 1,060 16,809 15,922
Small Metro 6,526 6,008 3,620 3,804 3,887 4,077 727 838 8,803 8,451
Nonmetro 2,484 2,721 1,382 1,308 1,531 1,457 368 324 3,491 3,695
Urbanized 1,055a 1,368 614 656 675 720 144 175 1,501 1,806
Less Urbanized 1,177 1,146 666 541 745 610 192 126 1,670 1,578
Completely Rural 252 207 102 112 112 127 32 23 319 311
POVERTY LEVEL3                    
Less Than 100% 1,372 1,300 1,919 1,699 2,136 1,870 519 476 2,913 2,594
100-199% 2,459 2,531 2,434 2,474 2,652 2,591 517 468 4,206 4,124
200% or More 17,570 16,632 7,353 7,565 7,893 8,056 1,372 1,273 21,852 21,233
HEALTH INSURANCE4                    
Private 17,023 15,999 7,408 7,180 7,828 7,511 1,111 1,038 21,330 20,142
Medicaid/CHIP 1,557 1,547 2,160 2,145 2,480 2,343 629 516 3,331 3,193
Other5 3,065 3,042 1,199 1,332 1,298 1,439 251 201 3,916 4,034
No Coverage 1,712 1,792 1,724 1,842 1,915 2,034 575 558 2,913 3,057
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190404
Table 6.27B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Selected Illicit Drugs in Past Year among Persons Aged 16 or Older, by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Alcohol
(2017)		 Alcohol
(2018)		 Marijuana
(2017)		 Marijuana
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2017)		 Selected Illicit
Drugs
Other than
Marijuana2
(2018)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2017)		 Alcohol or
Selected Illicit
Drugs1
(2018)
TOTAL 8.4 8.0 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.9 1.0 0.9 11.5 11.0
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 8.3 8.3 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 0.6 0.7 11.3 11.3
Midwest 11.0 10.2 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.5 1.0 0.9 14.1 13.8
South 7.3 6.7 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.3 0.9 0.8 10.2a 9.3
West 7.9 7.8 5.1 5.1 5.7 5.4 1.2 1.1 11.4 11.0
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 8.7 8.2 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.0 0.9a 0.7 11.8 11.2
Small Metro 8.7a 7.8 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 1.0 1.1 11.8 11.1
Nonmetro 6.8 7.4 3.8 3.5 4.2 4.0 1.0 0.9 9.6 10.1
Urbanized 6.7 8.2 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.4 0.9 1.1 9.6 10.9
Less Urbanized 6.6 6.8 3.8 3.2 4.2 3.6 1.1 0.7 9.5 9.4
Completely Rural 7.8 6.1 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.7 1.0 0.7 10.0 9.2
POVERTY LEVEL3                    
Less Than 100% 3.8 3.6 5.4 4.7 6.0 5.2 1.5 1.3 8.3 7.3
100-199% 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.1 1.0 0.9 8.4 8.2
200% or More 10.4 9.9 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 0.8 0.8 13.1 12.7
HEALTH INSURANCE4                    
Private 10.0 9.4 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.4 0.7 0.6 12.6a 11.9
Medicaid/CHIP 4.0 3.9 5.5 5.4 6.4 6.0 1.6 1.3 8.7 8.2
Other5 4.5 4.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 0.4 0.3 5.8 5.9
No Coverage 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4 8.2 8.2 2.4 2.3 12.4 12.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Selected Illicit Drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
2 Selected Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other Health Insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
191205
Table 6.28A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance
 Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
ILLICIT DRUGS 28,510 29,917 1,196 1,269 27,241 28,501 397 428 28,042 29,379
Marijuana 24,383a 26,009 931 1,030 23,380a 24,873 271 328 24,044a 25,612
Cocaine 2,141 1,938 152 127 1,982 1,768 62 41 2,071 1,868
Crack 472 436 44 61 423 370 19 31 448 400
Heroin 492 347 96a 22 396 316 52 19 440 319
Hallucinogens 1,295 1,491 119 92 1,168 1,398 42 32 1,247 1,457
LSD 459 403 45 18 413 383 12 2 446 400
PCP 32 30 2 * 29 30 * * 27 30
Ecstasy 547 636 63 32 482 603 31 19 516 615
Inhalants 403 428 24 1 379 425 17 1 385 425
Methamphetamine 758 984 193 150 562a 833 128 74 627a 911
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 5,592 5,112 304 269 5,287 4,805 131 134 5,458 4,940
Pain Relievers 3,024 2,691 163 153 2,861 2,523 66 84 2,957 2,592
Stimulants 1,718 1,550 87 69 1,630 1,462 40 22 1,676 1,509
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,815 1,711 169 108 1,645 1,597 92 52 1,722 1,655
Tranquilizers 1,599 1,553 166 97 1,432 1,452 92a 36 1,507 1,513
Sedatives 333 234 10 14 323 220 14 15 319 219
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 3,333 2,874 234 167 3,099 2,683 95 97 3,236a 2,753
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 8,550 8,271 558 545 7,976 7,644 256 224 8,278 7,979
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 59,856a 57,723 2,350 2,308 57,313a 55,104 923 964 58,732a 56,528
Cigarettes 47,905 46,284 2,144 2,079 45,592 43,924 819 912 46,913 45,171
Daily Cigarettes 27,691 27,229 1,343 1,272 26,242 25,838 546 648 27,045 26,476
Smokeless Tobacco 8,239 7,694 325 338 7,878 7,325 146 151 8,054 7,525
Cigars 12,053 11,800 434 562 11,599 11,154 177 230 11,852 11,498
Pipe Tobacco 2,221 2,012 74 96 2,146 1,889 35 40 2,185 1,947
ALCOHOL 138,123 137,602 1,843 1,945 136,042 135,264 629 710 137,283 136,603
Binge Alcohol Use3 65,326 65,891 1,402 1,415 63,781 64,227 428 552 64,757 65,151
Heavy Alcohol Use 16,543 16,437 596 449 15,909 15,943 175 141 16,331 16,259
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 161,478 161,284 3,037 3,052 158,094 157,679 1,066 1,213 160,097 159,652
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 144,367 144,208 2,243 2,302 141,860 141,485 798 821 143,333 143,072
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 158,743 158,257 2,966 2,942 155,453 154,776 1,048 1,186 157,402 156,664
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
191205
Table 6.28B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance
 Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
ILLICIT DRUGS 11.5 12.0 32.1 33.9 11.2 11.7 30.7 28.0 11.4 11.9
Marijuana 9.9a 10.5 25.0 27.5 9.6a 10.2 20.9 21.4 9.8a 10.4
Cocaine 0.9 0.8 4.1 3.4 0.8 0.7 4.8 2.7 0.8 0.8
Crack 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.2 0.2 1.5 2.0 0.2 0.2
Heroin 0.2 0.1 2.6a 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.0 1.3 0.2 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.5 0.6 3.2 2.4 0.5 0.6 3.2 2.1 0.5 0.6
LSD 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.2
PCP 0.0 0.0 0.1 * 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 0.0
Ecstasy 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.9 0.2 0.2 2.4 1.3 0.2 0.2
Inhalants 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2
Methamphetamine 0.3 0.4 5.2 4.0 0.2a 0.3 9.9 4.8 0.3a 0.4
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 2.3 2.1 8.2 7.2 2.2 2.0 10.1 8.7 2.2 2.0
Pain Relievers 1.2 1.1 4.4 4.1 1.2 1.0 5.1 5.5 1.2 1.1
Stimulants 0.7 0.6 2.3 1.9 0.7 0.6 3.1 1.4 0.7 0.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.7 0.7 4.5 2.9 0.7 0.7 7.1 3.4 0.7 0.7
Tranquilizers 0.6 0.6 4.5 2.6 0.6 0.6 7.1a 2.4 0.6 0.6
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.3a 1.2 6.3 4.5 1.3 1.1 7.3 6.3 1.3a 1.1
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 3.5 3.3 15.0 14.6 3.3 3.1 19.8 14.7 3.4 3.2
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 24.2a 23.2 63.0 61.6 23.6a 22.6 71.2 63.0 23.9a 22.9
Cigarettes 19.4a 18.6 57.5 55.5 18.8a 18.0 63.2 59.6 19.1a 18.3
Daily Cigarettes 11.2 10.9 36.0 34.0 10.8 10.6 42.2 42.3 11.0 10.7
Smokeless Tobacco 3.3 3.1 8.7 9.0 3.2 3.0 11.3 9.8 3.3 3.1
Cigars 4.9 4.7 11.6 15.0 4.8 4.6 13.7 15.0 4.8 4.7
Pipe Tobacco 0.9 0.8 2.0 2.6 0.9 0.8 2.7 2.6 0.9 0.8
ALCOHOL 55.9 55.3 49.4 51.9 56.0 55.4 48.5 46.4 56.0 55.4
Binge Alcohol Use3 26.4 26.5 37.6 37.8 26.3 26.3 33.0 36.1 26.4 26.4
Heavy Alcohol Use 6.7 6.6 16.0 12.0 6.6 6.5 13.5 9.2 6.7 6.6
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 65.3 64.8 81.5 81.5 65.1 64.6 82.2 79.3 65.3 64.7
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 58.4 57.9 60.2 61.5 58.4 57.9 61.5 53.7 58.4 58.0
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 64.2 63.6 79.6 78.6 64.0 63.4 80.9 77.5 64.2 63.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
191205
Table 6.29A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Substance
 Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
ILLICIT DRUGS 21,625a 23,073 1,075 1,142 20,499a 21,815 354 370 21,223a 22,609
Marijuana 18,901a 20,445 860 939 17,991a 19,421 255 290 18,599a 20,093
Cocaine 1,725 1,600 135 94 1,582 1,479 59 31 1,659 1,542
Crack 241 206 35 28 202 174 19 20 217 182
Heroin 386 298 86a 22 300 269 52 19 334 271
Hallucinogens 1,234 1,371 119 92 1,107 1,278 42 30 1,186 1,340
LSD 426 402 45 18 380 382 12 2 413 399
PCP 31 29 2 * 28 29 * * 26 29
Ecstasy 546 635 63 32 481 601 31 19 515 614
Inhalants 381 352 24 1 357 349 17 1 363 349
Methamphetamine 528 666 156a 80 369a 585 105a 37 420a 630
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 4,292 3,896 282 262 4,009 3,606 127 124 4,162 3,744
Pain Relievers 2,145 1,944 157 153 1,988 1,776 66 81 2,077 1,847
Stimulants 1,613 1,449 83 69 1,528 1,371 40 22 1,571 1,418
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,397 1,229 157 101 1,239 1,123 88 45 1,308 1,181
Tranquilizers 1,271 1,140 154 97 1,116 1,039 88 36 1,182 1,100
Sedatives 198 142 10 7 188 135 14 8 184 134
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 2,361 2,108 218 167 2,143 1,918 95 95 2,264 1,990
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 6,611 6,375 496 435 6,099 5,883 225 168 6,371 6,150
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 39,058a 37,542 1,980 1,923 37,007a 35,390 766 769 38,205a 36,583
Cigarettes 31,260 30,118 1,780 1,735 29,414 28,173 672 716 30,510 29,232
Daily Cigarettes 16,661 16,256 1,130 1,057 15,500 15,097 453 491 16,174 15,677
Smokeless Tobacco 5,989 5,600 305 279 5,680 5,290 125 140 5,857 5,442
Cigars 8,758 8,589 394 482 8,344 8,044 157 200 8,577 8,326
Pipe Tobacco 1,373 1,510 47 91 1,324 1,392 15 40 1,356 1,445
ALCOHOL 81,104 80,471 1,557 1,651 79,407 78,532 542 562 80,435 79,693
Binge Alcohol Use3 45,336 45,256 1,186 1,189 44,059 43,899 381 424 44,867 44,701
Heavy Alcohol Use 11,265 11,146 498 394 10,734 10,713 159 133 11,073 10,982
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 94,595 93,787 2,544 2,574 91,895 90,809 900 989 93,547 92,480
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 85,449 85,185 1,921 1,976 83,386 82,903 701 663 84,619 84,289
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 92,941 91,743 2,488 2,480 90,297 88,863 886 962 91,907 90,466
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
191205
Table 6.29B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 49, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance
 Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
ILLICIT DRUGS 16.1a 17.1 34.8 38.1 15.6a 16.6 33.5 31.8 15.9a 17.0
Marijuana 14.0a 15.1 27.8 31.3 13.7a 14.8 24.1 24.9 14.0a 15.1
Cocaine 1.3 1.2 4.4 3.1 1.2 1.1 5.5 2.7 1.2 1.2
Crack 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.1
Heroin 0.3 0.2 2.8a 0.7 0.2 0.2 4.9 1.7 0.3 0.2
Hallucinogens 0.9 1.0 3.9 3.1 0.8 1.0 3.9 2.6 0.9 1.0
LSD 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.3
PCP 0.0 0.0 0.1 * 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 0.0
Ecstasy 0.4 0.5 2.0 1.1 0.4 0.5 2.9 1.6 0.4 0.5
Inhalants 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.3
Methamphetamine 0.4 0.5 5.0a 2.7 0.3a 0.4 9.9a 3.1 0.3a 0.5
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics 3.2 2.9 9.1 8.7 3.1 2.7 12.0 10.6 3.1a 2.8
Pain Relievers 1.6 1.4 5.1 5.1 1.5 1.4 6.2 7.0 1.6 1.4
Stimulants 1.2 1.1 2.7 2.3 1.2 1.0 3.8 1.9 1.2 1.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.0 0.9 5.1 3.4 0.9 0.9 8.3 3.8 1.0 0.9
Tranquilizers 0.9 0.8 5.0 3.2 0.9 0.8 8.3a 3.1 0.9 0.8
Sedatives 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.1
Benzodiazepines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Opioids 1.8 1.6 7.0 5.6 1.6 1.5 9.0 8.1 1.7 1.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana2 4.9 4.7 16.1 14.5 4.7 4.5 21.3 14.4 4.8 4.6
TOBACCO PRODUCTS 29.0a 27.8 64.1 64.1 28.2a 26.9 72.4 66.0 28.7a 27.4
Cigarettes 23.2a 22.3 57.6 57.9 22.4a 21.5 63.5 61.5 22.9a 21.9
Daily Cigarettes 12.4 12.0 36.6 35.3 11.8 11.5 42.8 42.1 12.1 11.8
Smokeless Tobacco 4.4 4.1 9.9 9.3 4.3 4.0 11.8 12.0 4.4 4.1
Cigars 6.5 6.4 12.7 16.1 6.4 6.1 14.8 17.1 6.4 6.2
Pipe Tobacco 1.0 1.1 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 3.4 1.0 1.1
ALCOHOL 60.2 59.6 50.4 55.1 60.6 59.8 51.2 48.2 60.4 59.8
Binge Alcohol Use3 33.7 33.5 38.4 39.7 33.6 33.4 36.0 36.4 33.7 33.5
Heavy Alcohol Use 8.4 8.3 16.1 13.2 8.2 8.2 15.0 11.4 8.3 8.2
SUBSTANCE USE                    
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol 70.3 69.5 82.4 85.9 70.1a 69.2 85.0 84.9 70.2 69.4
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol 63.5 63.1 62.2 65.9 63.6 63.1 66.2 56.9 63.5 63.2
Tobacco Products or Alcohol 69.0a 68.0 80.6 82.7 68.9a 67.7 83.6 82.6 69.0a 67.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
2 Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs
3 Estimates of binge alcohol use include use by those who were heavy alcohol users.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190410
Table 6.30A – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 28,510 29,917 1,196 1,269 27,241 28,501 397 428 28,042 29,379
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 21,625a 23,073 1,075 1,142 20,499a 21,815 354 370 21,223a 22,609
18-25 8,302 8,130 425 390 7,860 7,700 107 96 8,177 8,000
26-34 6,891a 7,573 384 402 6,482a 7,119 130 106 6,736a 7,428
35-49 6,433a 7,371 266 349 6,157a 6,995 * 168 6,310a 7,181
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 17,161 17,519 876 856 16,223 16,550 308 308 16,797 17,135
Male 18-49 12,940 13,347 776 756 12,124 12,494 271 252 12,635 13,020
Female 18 or Older 11,349a 12,398 319 413 11,019a 11,951 * 120 11,246a 12,244
Female 18-49 8,685a 9,725 299 385 8,375a 9,321 * 118 8,588a 9,589
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190410
Table 6.30B – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 11.5 12.0 32.1 33.9 11.2 11.7 30.7 28.0 11.4 11.9
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 16.1a 17.1 34.8 38.1 15.6a 16.6 33.5 31.8 15.9a 17.0
18-25 24.2 23.9 45.3 43.0 23.6 23.4 37.0 38.2 24.1 23.7
26-34 17.4a 18.9 36.0 39.8 16.9a 18.3 37.0 28.7 17.2a 18.8
35-49 10.6a 12.1 24.6 32.3 10.4a 11.7 * 30.8 10.5a 11.9
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 14.4 14.6 34.6 33.0 13.9 14.1 31.4 26.6 14.2 14.4
Male 18-49 19.4 20.0 37.4 36.9 18.8 19.4 36.1 28.8 19.2 19.8
Female 18 or Older 8.9a 9.6 26.7a 35.8 8.7a 9.4 * 32.3 8.8a 9.6
Female 18-49 12.8a 14.3 29.5a 40.7 12.5a 13.9 * 40.7 12.7a 14.2
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190410
Table 6.31A – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 6,804 7,412 784 775 6,014 6,601 383 324 6,416 7,052
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 5,641a 6,169 700 648 4,936a 5,485 327 238 5,309a 5,894
18-25 2,512 2,599 255 219 2,254 2,373 84 57 2,426 2,534
26-34 1,676a 2,022 234 207 1,440a 1,798 * 60 1,536a 1,944
35-49 1,454 1,548 211 222 1,242 1,315 106 120 1,348 1,416
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 4,381 4,621 564 501 3,812 4,103 279 228 4,098 4,374
Male 18-49 3,607 3,808 486 405 3,116 3,385 229 144 3,374 3,645
Female 18 or Older 2,423a 2,791 220 275 2,203 2,498 * 95 2,318a 2,677
Female 18-49 2,034a 2,361 214 243 1,820a 2,100 * * 1,935a 2,249
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190410
Table 6.31B – Illicit Drug Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 2.8 3.0 21.0 20.7 2.5 2.7 29.6 21.1 2.6 2.9
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 4.2 4.6 22.7 21.6 3.8a 4.2 30.9a 20.4 4.0a 4.4
18-25 7.3 7.6 27.2 24.1 6.8 7.2 28.9 22.7 7.1 7.5
26-34 4.2a 5.1 21.9 20.4 3.8a 4.6 * 16.3 3.9a 4.9
35-49 2.4 2.5 19.5 20.6 2.1 2.2 25.3 22.1 2.2 2.4
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 3.7 3.8 22.3 19.3 3.3 3.5 28.4 19.7 3.5 3.7
Male 18-49 5.4 5.7 23.4 19.8 4.8 5.3 30.5a 16.5 5.1 5.5
Female 18 or Older 1.9 2.2 18.4 23.8 1.7 2.0 * 25.7 1.8 2.1
Female 18-49 3.0a 3.5 21.1 25.6 2.7a 3.1 * * 2.9a 3.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190410
Table 6.32A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 18,708 19,343 1,312 1,345 17,388 17,931 542 538 18,161 18,751
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 14,150 14,856 1,115 1,108 13,026 13,683 450 434 13,694 14,370
18-25 5,076 5,118 418 352 4,653 4,745 124 104 4,950 5,002
26-34 4,519 4,785 393 391 4,123 4,376 * 140 4,344 4,628
35-49 4,554 4,953 305 364 4,249 4,562 * 191 4,400 4,741
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 11,948 12,189 978 959 10,961 11,186 420 411 11,523 11,742
Male 18-49 8,825 9,132 795 779 8,021 8,311 335 309 8,485 8,789
Female 18 or Older 6,760 7,154 333 385 6,427 6,745 * * 6,638 7,009
Female 18-49 5,324 5,725 319 329 5,005 5,372 * * 5,209 5,582
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.
190410
Table 6.32B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release Statuses and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic Total1
(2017)		 Total1
(2018)		 On Probation
(2017)		 On Probation
(2018)		 Not on
Probation
(2017)		 Not on
Probation
(2018)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 On Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2017)		 Not on Parole/
Supervised
Release
(2018)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 7.6 7.8 35.2 35.9 7.2 7.3 41.8 35.2 7.4 7.6
AGE GROUP                    
18-49 10.5 11.0 36.1 37.0 9.9 10.4 42.5 37.2 10.3 10.8
18-25 14.8 15.0 44.4 38.8 14.0 14.4 42.8 41.1 14.6 14.8
26-34 11.4 12.0 36.8 38.7 10.7 11.3 * 37.9 11.1 11.7
35-49 7.5 8.1 28.1 33.8 7.1 7.7 * 35.0 7.3 7.9
GENDER/AGE GROUP                    
Male 18 or Older 10.0 10.1 38.6 37.0 9.4 9.6 42.8 35.5 9.8 9.9
Male 18-49 13.2 13.7 38.3 38.0 12.5 12.9 44.5 35.3 12.9 13.4
Female 18 or Older 5.3 5.6 27.9 33.5 5.1 5.3 * * 5.2 5.5
Female 18-49 7.8 8.4 31.5 34.8 7.5 8.0 * * 7.7 8.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The Total column includes respondents with unknown past year probation or parole/supervised release status.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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