National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Comparison of the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 Population Percentages (Substate Regions), SAMHSA, CBHSQ

NOTE: The methodology used to conduct significance testing for substate population percentages between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs and to calculate p values is provided after Table 12.

200420

Table 1 – Marijuana Use in the Past Year among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	11.13^a	(10.89 - 11.38)	14.96	(14.69 - 15.24)	0.000
Northeast	12.22^a	(11.75 - 12.70)	15.80	(15.30 - 16.31)	0.000
Midwest	10.45^a	(10.11 - 10.79)	14.39	(13.99 - 14.80)	0.000
South	9.70^a	(9.39 - 10.02)	12.53	(12.21 - 12.86)	0.000
West	13.18^a	(12.68 - 13.69)	18.72	(18.20 - 19.25)	0.000
Alabama	8.62^a	(7.48 - 9.92)	11.56	(10.30 - 12.95)	0.000
Region 1	7.93^a	(6.30 - 9.94)	11.49	(9.58 - 13.71)	0.001
Region 2	9.16^a	(7.47 - 11.20)	12.25	(10.24 - 14.60)	0.004
Region 3	10.39	(8.25 - 13.00)	11.25	(9.00 - 13.97)	0.451
Region 4	7.31^a	(5.70 - 9.31)	10.89	(8.81 - 13.38)	0.001
Alaska	16.73^a	(14.87 - 18.77)	23.67	(21.84 - 25.61)	0.000
Anchorage	16.29^a	(13.87 - 19.04)	23.17	(20.63 - 25.92)	0.000
Northern	18.98^a	(15.75 - 22.71)	27.14	(23.44 - 31.20)	0.000
South Central	16.27^a	(13.09 - 20.04)	21.56	(18.60 - 24.86)	0.006
Southeast	15.04^a	(11.70 - 19.12)	23.63	(19.43 - 28.42)	0.000
Arizona¹	11.39^a	(9.94 - 13.01)	15.09	(13.54 - 16.77)	0.000
Central	11.21^a	(9.48 - 13.22)	15.04	(13.18 - 17.10)	0.001
North	--	(-- - --)	16.84	(13.38 - 20.98)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	14.44	(12.08 - 17.16)	--
South A	13.33	(10.53 - 16.74)	15.75	(12.60 - 19.50)	0.116
South B	--	(-- - --)	12.87	(10.01 - 16.39)	--
Arkansas	10.02^a	(8.77 - 11.43)	12.82	(11.52 - 14.24)	0.000
Catchment Area 1	9.11^a	(7.01 - 11.77)	13.43	(10.94 - 16.39)	0.000
Catchment Area 2	9.11	(6.94 - 11.87)	10.23	(7.70 - 13.45)	0.320
Catchment Area 3	10.71^b	(8.33 - 13.67)	12.97	(10.33 - 16.17)	0.086
Catchment Area 4	8.73^a	(6.60 - 11.47)	11.34	(8.76 - 14.55)	0.017
Catchment Area 5	10.51^b	(8.50 - 12.92)	12.56	(10.28 - 15.25)	0.068
Catchment Area 6	10.78^b	(8.14 - 14.15)	13.31	(10.16 - 17.25)	0.060
Catchment Area 7	9.38^a	(6.96 - 12.51)	12.54	(9.50 - 16.36)	0.007
Catchment Area 8	11.08^a	(8.83 - 13.83)	14.57	(11.97 - 17.62)	0.008
California	13.46^a	(12.67 - 14.29)	17.82	(17.06 - 18.60)	0.000
Region 1R	22.67^b	(18.54 - 27.42)	26.76	(23.33 - 30.49)	0.055
Region 2R	15.02^a	(12.39 - 18.08)	18.42	(15.13 - 22.23)	0.014
Region 3R (Sacramento)	16.19	(13.15 - 19.77)	18.59	(15.86 - 21.67)	0.119
Region 4R	14.42^a	(11.60 - 17.79)	18.95	(15.57 - 22.87)	0.003
Region 5R (San Francisco)	23.12^a	(18.66 - 28.26)	28.38	(23.71 - 33.57)	0.035
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	10.48^a	(8.36 - 13.07)	15.17	(12.85 - 17.83)	0.000
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	14.12^a	(11.17 - 17.71)	18.65	(15.62 - 22.12)	0.003
Region 8R (Alameda)	15.32^a	(12.61 - 18.49)	19.97	(16.85 - 23.50)	0.003
Region 9R (San Mateo)	12.30^a	(9.71 - 15.47)	20.16	(16.59 - 24.27)	0.000
Region 10	16.42	(13.60 - 19.70)	18.09	(14.78 - 21.95)	0.250
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	12.50^a	(11.36 - 13.74)	17.66	(16.41 - 18.99)	0.000
LA SPA 1 and 5	16.00^a	(12.69 - 19.98)	19.36	(16.13 - 23.06)	0.044
LA SPA 2	12.35^a	(10.21 - 14.86)	17.78	(15.10 - 20.82)	0.000
LA SPA 3	10.71^a	(8.70 - 13.12)	13.87	(11.51 - 16.61)	0.005
LA SPA 4	14.44^a	(11.60 - 17.84)	24.47	(20.49 - 28.94)	0.000
LA SPA 6	12.13^a	(9.63 - 15.15)	15.97	(12.99 - 19.48)	0.002
LA SPA 7	10.01^a	(7.94 - 12.54)	13.76	(11.07 - 16.98)	0.001
LA SPA 8	13.21^a	(10.59 - 16.37)	19.77	(16.82 - 23.08)	0.000
Region 12R	15.23^b	(11.96 - 19.19)	17.85	(14.46 - 21.84)	0.086
Regions 13 and 19R	12.42^a	(10.33 - 14.86)	16.36	(14.16 - 18.84)	0.001
Region 14 (Orange)	10.22^a	(8.61 - 12.08)	14.03	(11.95 - 16.41)	0.000
Region 15R (Fresno)	12.02^a	(9.42 - 15.21)	15.09	(12.35 - 18.32)	0.017
Region 16R (San Diego)	13.66^a	(11.64 - 15.96)	18.96	(16.72 - 21.43)	0.000
Region 17R	10.33^a	(8.41 - 12.62)	13.21	(11.04 - 15.73)	0.009
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	11.53^a	(9.61 - 13.77)	15.62	(13.25 - 18.33)	0.000
Region 20R	13.37	(10.68 - 16.62)	14.78	(12.21 - 17.79)	0.261
Region 21R	17.73^a	(14.29 - 21.78)	24.60	(21.00 - 28.60)	0.000
Colorado	16.84^a	(15.04 - 18.81)	24.82	(22.89 - 26.84)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	26.29	(22.43 - 30.56)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	22.31	(17.99 - 27.31)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	18.77	(16.02 - 21.87)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	20.81	(16.54 - 25.84)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	33.72	(29.31 - 38.44)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	30.30	(25.93 - 35.06)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	22.85	(19.25 - 26.90)	--
Connecticut	13.01^a	(11.57 - 14.60)	17.04	(15.48 - 18.73)	0.000
Eastern	13.46^a	(10.57 - 16.99)	18.00	(14.76 - 21.78)	0.003
North Central	14.11^a	(11.80 - 16.80)	18.52	(15.92 - 21.45)	0.003
Northwestern	12.31^a	(9.89 - 15.22)	16.34	(13.53 - 19.60)	0.004
South Central	14.52	(12.13 - 17.29)	16.48	(13.90 - 19.41)	0.173
Southwest	9.79^a	(7.62 - 12.49)	15.63	(12.97 - 18.72)	0.000
Delaware	11.79^a	(10.43 - 13.31)	16.33	(14.82 - 17.97)	0.000
Kent	10.92^a	(8.67 - 13.67)	15.41	(12.75 - 18.51)	0.001
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	12.05^a	(10.32 - 14.03)	17.30	(15.34 - 19.46)	0.000
Sussex	10.56	(8.48 - 13.07)	12.02	(9.68 - 14.84)	0.240
Wilmington City	15.17^a	(11.90 - 19.14)	24.52	(19.63 - 30.18)	0.000
District of Columbia	15.66^a	(13.96 - 17.52)	25.71	(23.81 - 27.72)	0.000
Ward 1	18.36^a	(14.78 - 22.58)	32.19	(27.50 - 37.27)	0.000
Ward 2	18.21^a	(14.73 - 22.31)	31.08	(26.17 - 36.44)	0.000
Ward 3	13.18^a	(10.56 - 16.32)	21.98	(18.46 - 25.96)	0.000
Ward 4	13.19^a	(10.07 - 17.08)	19.20	(15.44 - 23.62)	0.001
Ward 5	14.97^a	(11.71 - 18.94)	26.73	(22.74 - 31.13)	0.000
Ward 6	14.25^a	(11.09 - 18.13)	25.06	(20.92 - 29.71)	0.000
Ward 7	15.82^a	(12.63 - 19.63)	22.81	(18.74 - 27.46)	0.000
Ward 8	17.24^a	(13.86 - 21.23)	26.22	(22.30 - 30.55)	0.000
Florida¹	10.56^a	(9.85 - 11.31)	13.89	(13.06 - 14.76)	0.000
Broward (Circuit 17)	10.18^a	(8.63 - 11.97)	12.90	(10.81 - 15.33)	0.009
Central I	--	(-- - --)	13.71	(12.18 - 15.40)	--
Circuit 9	11.35^b	(9.50 - 13.49)	13.42	(11.57 - 15.51)	0.062
Circuit 18	11.26^a	(9.20 - 13.72)	14.15	(11.71 - 17.01)	0.014
Central II	--	(-- - --)	14.33	(13.05 - 15.70)	--
Circuit 6	10.20^a	(8.45 - 12.26)	15.45	(12.95 - 18.33)	0.000
Circuit 10	8.74^a	(6.90 - 11.01)	12.16	(9.90 - 14.84)	0.001
Circuit 12	11.27^a	(8.85 - 14.26)	15.47	(12.44 - 19.07)	0.003
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	12.25^a	(10.33 - 14.48)	17.08	(14.74 - 19.72)	0.000
Circuit 20	10.54	(8.45 - 13.08)	10.67	(8.54 - 13.25)	0.912
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	15.23	(13.69 - 16.91)	--
Circuit 4	13.07^a	(10.80 - 15.73)	16.25	(13.59 - 19.33)	0.016
Circuit 5	9.04^a	(7.28 - 11.17)	12.61	(10.21 - 15.49)	0.001
Circuit 7	10.44^a	(8.27 - 13.10)	17.00	(14.12 - 20.33)	0.000
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	15.49	(12.61 - 18.87)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	17.57	(15.48 - 19.88)	--
Circuit 1	11.15^a	(9.07 - 13.63)	17.38	(14.25 - 21.03)	0.000
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	20.36	(16.94 - 24.26)	--
Circuit 14	11.04^a	(8.38 - 14.42)	13.91	(10.80 - 17.73)	0.020
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	9.02	(7.70 - 10.54)	10.24	(8.78 - 11.90)	0.152
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	13.65	(11.63 - 15.96)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	9.21^a	(7.38 - 11.44)	13.81	(11.40 - 16.64)	0.000
Circuit 19	9.32^a	(7.18 - 12.02)	13.29	(10.28 - 17.01)	0.001
Georgia	10.47^a	(9.19 - 11.90)	12.59	(11.56 - 13.70)	0.006
Region 1	10.03	(8.09 - 12.38)	10.25	(8.69 - 12.05)	0.831
Region 2	8.68^a	(6.54 - 11.43)	13.07	(10.90 - 15.59)	0.000
Region 3	11.99^a	(9.90 - 14.46)	15.85	(13.94 - 17.96)	0.003
Region 4	9.56^a	(6.94 - 13.03)	11.86	(8.97 - 15.51)	0.044
Region 5	11.25	(8.84 - 14.23)	11.72	(9.43 - 14.47)	0.680
Region 6	9.38	(7.22 - 12.10)	10.48	(8.60 - 12.70)	0.313
Hawaii	11.66^a	(10.23 - 13.27)	13.92	(12.45 - 15.54)	0.024
Hawaii Island	17.74	(14.03 - 22.17)	17.12	(13.77 - 21.08)	0.762
Honolulu	9.81^a	(8.36 - 11.47)	12.08	(10.51 - 13.85)	0.022
Kauai	14.98	(10.99 - 20.11)	15.93	(12.10 - 20.69)	0.637
Maui	14.50^a	(11.11 - 18.70)	20.80	(16.88 - 25.34)	0.004
Idaho	11.60^a	(10.27 - 13.07)	13.78	(12.47 - 15.21)	0.009
Region 1	12.85	(10.04 - 16.31)	14.31	(11.29 - 17.98)	0.341
Region 2	11.92	(9.02 - 15.60)	13.21	(10.20 - 16.95)	0.335
Region 3	9.70	(7.69 - 12.17)	11.32	(9.09 - 14.02)	0.144
Region 4	14.25^a	(11.99 - 16.85)	18.21	(15.70 - 21.02)	0.006
Region 5	10.62	(8.15 - 13.72)	11.45	(9.16 - 14.22)	0.498
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	13.84	(10.44 - 18.13)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	9.41	(7.53 - 11.70)	--
Illinois	10.73^a	(10.03 - 11.47)	14.15	(13.19 - 15.16)	0.000
Region 1 (Cook)	12.05^a	(10.90 - 13.30)	15.79	(14.33 - 17.38)	0.000
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	17.29	(13.42 - 21.98)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	13.68	(10.41 - 17.78)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	22.41	(17.58 - 28.12)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	18.21	(14.56 - 22.55)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	17.13	(14.04 - 20.73)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	11.76	(8.80 - 15.55)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	14.23	(12.37 - 16.33)	--
Region 2	9.76^a	(8.76 - 10.88)	12.87	(11.60 - 14.26)	0.000
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	13.66	(11.28 - 16.46)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	12.47	(10.75 - 14.43)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	12.11	(9.24 - 15.72)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	13.40	(11.11 - 16.07)	--
Region 3	10.58^a	(9.25 - 12.07)	14.14	(12.25 - 16.26)	0.000
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	17.84	(14.21 - 22.15)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	13.52	(11.47 - 15.88)	--
Region 4	9.14^a	(7.50 - 11.10)	12.44	(10.42 - 14.79)	0.001
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	16.02	(12.60 - 20.15)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	11.41	(9.09 - 14.22)	--
Region 5	9.83^a	(8.42 - 11.46)	12.56	(10.61 - 14.80)	0.006
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	12.94	(10.49 - 15.85)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	12.26	(9.67 - 15.41)	--
Indiana	10.02^a	(8.82 - 11.35)	15.04	(13.64 - 16.55)	0.000
Central	10.38^a	(8.40 - 12.75)	14.80	(12.58 - 17.33)	0.000
East	8.82^a	(6.76 - 11.44)	18.51	(14.89 - 22.78)	0.000
North Central	9.46^a	(7.42 - 11.98)	15.05	(12.11 - 18.56)	0.000
Northeast	9.52^b	(7.26 - 12.39)	11.63	(9.10 - 14.75)	0.054
Northwest	10.22^a	(7.93 - 13.09)	13.72	(10.79 - 17.28)	0.005
Southeast	9.46^a	(7.26 - 12.24)	14.27	(11.51 - 17.55)	0.000
Southwest	7.96^a	(5.82 - 10.79)	12.82	(9.94 - 16.38)	0.000
West	13.12^a	(10.59 - 16.14)	19.63	(16.09 - 23.74)	0.000
Iowa	8.00^a	(7.02 - 9.10)	11.53	(10.33 - 12.86)	0.000
Central	8.53^a	(6.77 - 10.70)	13.46	(11.08 - 16.25)	0.000
North Central	8.31^a	(6.33 - 10.82)	11.31	(8.97 - 14.16)	0.006
Northeast	9.06^a	(7.38 - 11.08)	11.74	(9.74 - 14.09)	0.013
Northwest	6.13^a	(4.73 - 7.93)	9.12	(7.21 - 11.47)	0.000
Southeast	7.82^a	(6.24 - 9.76)	12.34	(10.16 - 14.91)	0.000
Southwest	7.45^a	(5.52 - 10.00)	9.67	(7.42 - 12.49)	0.021
Kansas	9.12^a	(7.99 - 10.39)	12.77	(11.45 - 14.20)	0.000
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	13.60	(11.81 - 15.61)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	10.97	(8.37 - 14.26)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	12.60	(10.57 - 14.94)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	11.21	(8.37 - 14.87)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	10.78	(8.00 - 14.38)	--
Kentucky¹	8.34^a	(7.29 - 9.53)	12.86	(11.53 - 14.31)	0.000
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	6.25^a	(4.73 - 8.20)	10.19	(7.98 - 12.94)	0.000
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	9.37^a	(7.74 - 11.31)	13.04	(10.98 - 15.43)	0.000
Centerstone	9.75^a	(7.73 - 12.24)	16.10	(13.64 - 18.91)	0.000
Communicare and River Valley	8.23^a	(6.21 - 10.83)	11.86	(9.05 - 15.40)	0.001
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	8.50^a	(6.46 - 11.11)	12.51	(9.62 - 16.11)	0.000
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	6.23^a	(4.62 - 8.34)	11.15	(8.48 - 14.53)	0.000
Louisiana	8.19^a	(7.09 - 9.45)	12.12	(10.84 - 13.53)	0.000
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	15.04	(12.54 - 17.94)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	16.91	(13.54 - 20.91)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	9.20^a	(6.82 - 12.28)	12.90	(9.79 - 16.82)	0.006
Regions 2 and 9	8.88^a	(7.29 - 10.78)	13.44	(11.23 - 16.00)	0.000
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	10.34	(7.90 - 13.42)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	7.09^a	(5.54 - 9.04)	10.21	(8.30 - 12.50)	0.001
Regions 7 and 8	8.25^a	(6.58 - 10.29)	10.64	(8.68 - 12.97)	0.015
Maine	13.98^a	(12.52 - 15.57)	23.48	(21.54 - 25.54)	0.000
Aroostook/Downeast	11.33^a	(9.00 - 14.18)	19.35	(16.07 - 23.11)	0.000
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	19.79	(15.60 - 24.77)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	19.00	(14.72 - 24.18)	--
Central	13.91^a	(11.21 - 17.14)	23.14	(19.07 - 27.78)	0.000
Cumberland	15.28^a	(12.74 - 18.22)	27.15	(23.42 - 31.23)	0.000
Midcoast	12.62^a	(9.91 - 15.93)	22.95	(18.87 - 27.60)	0.000
Penquis	13.89^a	(11.30 - 16.97)	22.46	(18.77 - 26.62)	0.000
Western	15.11^a	(12.25 - 18.49)	24.30	(20.41 - 28.66)	0.000
York	14.35^a	(11.49 - 17.77)	22.30	(18.37 - 26.80)	0.000
Maryland	10.29^a	(8.93 - 11.83)	15.16	(13.81 - 16.62)	0.000
Anne Arundel	9.39^a	(7.24 - 12.09)	13.00	(10.04 - 16.66)	0.001
Baltimore City	13.21^a	(9.95 - 17.32)	22.52	(18.96 - 26.54)	0.000
Baltimore County	11.36^a	(8.83 - 14.49)	14.96	(11.90 - 18.65)	0.006
Montgomery	9.18^a	(7.20 - 11.64)	12.84	(10.47 - 15.65)	0.001
North Central	8.46^a	(6.38 - 11.15)	14.23	(11.37 - 17.66)	0.000
Northeast	9.61^a	(7.29 - 12.59)	15.69	(12.09 - 20.11)	0.000
Prince George's	11.88^a	(9.25 - 15.13)	16.85	(13.99 - 20.15)	0.001
South	9.35^a	(7.05 - 12.31)	13.92	(11.03 - 17.43)	0.000
West	8.50^a	(6.40 - 11.21)	12.62	(10.00 - 15.81)	0.000
Massachusetts	15.19^a	(13.66 - 16.85)	20.21	(18.57 - 21.95)	0.000
Boston	16.71^a	(13.21 - 20.90)	23.89	(20.04 - 28.22)	0.000
Central	14.80^a	(11.87 - 18.31)	21.14	(17.58 - 25.21)	0.000
Metrowest	13.21^a	(11.03 - 15.73)	19.12	(16.37 - 22.20)	0.000
Northeast	13.75^a	(11.29 - 16.65)	17.13	(14.43 - 20.20)	0.017
Southeast	15.46^a	(12.79 - 18.57)	19.42	(16.27 - 23.01)	0.013
Western	19.41^a	(16.09 - 23.22)	23.60	(19.95 - 27.69)	0.022
Michigan¹	12.65^a	(11.89 - 13.44)	17.88	(16.89 - 18.91)	0.000
Region 1	13.67^a	(11.18 - 16.61)	17.96	(14.24 - 22.41)	0.003
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	15.29	(12.39 - 18.72)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	15.73	(13.68 - 18.03)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	16.94	(14.48 - 19.73)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	17.51	(15.50 - 19.72)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	18.22	(15.59 - 21.19)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	22.48	(19.88 - 25.31)	--
Region 8	11.66^a	(9.98 - 13.59)	16.92	(14.56 - 19.59)	0.000
Region 9	10.81^a	(9.09 - 12.81)	16.65	(13.96 - 19.74)	0.000
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	17.13	(14.38 - 20.29)	--
Minnesota	10.57^a	(9.34 - 11.93)	14.69	(13.33 - 16.17)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	12.61^a	(9.89 - 15.96)	16.38	(13.31 - 20.00)	0.010
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	13.33	(9.98 - 17.59)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	18.24	(14.09 - 23.28)	--
Regions 3 and 4	10.93^a	(8.88 - 13.38)	13.93	(11.60 - 16.63)	0.010
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	13.41	(10.06 - 17.66)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	14.21	(11.43 - 17.52)	--
Regions 5 and 6	9.04^a	(7.29 - 11.17)	12.97	(10.89 - 15.39)	0.000
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	11.86	(9.33 - 14.95)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	14.11	(11.22 - 17.59)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	15.20	(13.48 - 17.09)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	9.95^a	(7.96 - 12.36)	16.10	(13.56 - 19.02)	0.000
Region 7B (Ramsey)	10.88^a	(8.33 - 14.08)	16.39	(13.14 - 20.26)	0.000
Region 7C	11.12^a	(9.04 - 13.62)	13.77	(11.40 - 16.53)	0.024
Mississippi	8.16^a	(7.13 - 9.32)	11.38	(10.16 - 12.73)	0.000
Region 1	9.06^a	(7.35 - 11.13)	12.44	(10.31 - 14.93)	0.002
Region 2	8.31^a	(6.15 - 11.14)	11.19	(8.78 - 14.15)	0.012
Region 3	6.67^a	(5.08 - 8.72)	10.32	(8.10 - 13.07)	0.000
Region 4	7.81^a	(6.24 - 9.74)	10.09	(8.04 - 12.59)	0.017
Region 5	8.65^a	(6.35 - 11.66)	12.67	(9.30 - 17.04)	0.001
Region 6	8.36^b	(6.28 - 11.05)	10.35	(7.90 - 13.46)	0.056
Region 7	8.17^a	(6.30 - 10.54)	12.62	(10.04 - 15.73)	0.000
Missouri	9.66^a	(8.45 - 11.02)	13.80	(12.47 - 15.25)	0.000
Central	8.38^a	(6.42 - 10.87)	10.64	(8.56 - 13.15)	0.026
Eastern	11.38^a	(9.58 - 13.46)	14.78	(12.77 - 17.05)	0.003
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	11.58^a	(9.40 - 14.18)	15.08	(12.54 - 18.02)	0.011
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	11.02^a	(8.63 - 13.97)	14.29	(11.62 - 17.46)	0.014
Northwest	9.42^a	(7.80 - 11.32)	15.64	(13.40 - 18.19)	0.000
Northwest (Jackson)	10.51^a	(8.27 - 13.26)	19.91	(16.48 - 23.85)	0.000
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	8.48^a	(6.62 - 10.81)	12.08	(9.49 - 15.24)	0.001
Southeast	7.82^a	(5.86 - 10.37)	12.53	(9.76 - 15.95)	0.000
Southwest	8.54^a	(6.63 - 10.94)	12.48	(9.93 - 15.57)	0.000
Montana	13.88^a	(12.42 - 15.47)	19.84	(18.21 - 21.57)	0.000
Region 1	11.13^a	(8.51 - 14.43)	16.04	(12.41 - 20.49)	0.001
Region 2	12.49^a	(10.01 - 15.48)	16.28	(13.04 - 20.13)	0.010
Region 3	10.78^a	(8.67 - 13.34)	17.18	(14.47 - 20.27)	0.000
Region 4	16.91^a	(14.50 - 19.63)	21.50	(18.85 - 24.41)	0.004
Region 5	14.67^a	(12.41 - 17.26)	22.84	(19.98 - 25.96)	0.000
Nebraska	9.49^a	(8.33 - 10.80)	12.66	(11.42 - 14.02)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	8.63^a	(6.74 - 10.99)	12.55	(10.01 - 15.63)	0.000
Region 1	7.99^a	(5.81 - 10.91)	13.83	(10.25 - 18.41)	0.000
Region 2	9.18^a	(6.74 - 12.37)	11.42	(8.53 - 15.12)	0.042
Region 3	6.92^a	(5.23 - 9.10)	10.39	(8.28 - 12.98)	0.000
Region 4	7.78	(5.73 - 10.49)	9.20	(6.98 - 12.04)	0.157
Region 5	9.08^a	(7.40 - 11.09)	12.85	(10.66 - 15.42)	0.000
Region 6	11.26^a	(9.48 - 13.34)	14.12	(12.26 - 16.22)	0.013
Nevada¹	11.77^a	(10.24 - 13.49)	19.16	(17.42 - 21.03)	0.000
Clark – Region 1	11.52^a	(9.80 - 13.50)	18.69	(16.70 - 20.87)	0.000
Region 3	11.66^a	(9.06 - 14.88)	17.09	(13.81 - 20.96)	0.000
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	17.56	(13.28 - 22.85)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	16.66	(12.63 - 21.66)	--
Washoe – Region 2	12.98^a	(10.43 - 16.03)	22.93	(19.17 - 27.19)	0.000
New Hampshire	14.88^a	(13.29 - 16.61)	19.58	(17.90 - 21.37)	0.000
Central	15.32^a	(13.14 - 17.79)	19.76	(17.29 - 22.49)	0.002
Central 1	17.09^a	(14.02 - 20.68)	22.13	(18.86 - 25.78)	0.005
Central 2	13.64^a	(11.07 - 16.71)	17.43	(14.26 - 21.12)	0.024
Northern	16.26^a	(12.98 - 20.18)	20.63	(17.11 - 24.66)	0.021
Southern	14.35^a	(12.57 - 16.35)	19.26	(17.17 - 21.54)	0.000
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	15.77^b	(12.98 - 19.02)	18.61	(15.60 - 22.06)	0.098
Southern 2	13.48^a	(11.42 - 15.84)	19.67	(17.05 - 22.58)	0.000
New Jersey	9.78^a	(8.53 - 11.18)	12.41	(11.34 - 13.56)	0.001
Central	10.52	(8.44 - 13.04)	12.33	(10.40 - 14.56)	0.118
Metropolitan	8.83^a	(7.11 - 10.91)	11.79	(9.97 - 13.90)	0.004
Northern	9.26^a	(7.56 - 11.30)	11.61	(10.09 - 13.33)	0.018
Southern	10.75^a	(8.66 - 13.26)	14.46	(12.39 - 16.80)	0.003
New Mexico	11.40^a	(10.06 - 12.90)	18.50	(16.79 - 20.35)	0.000
Region 1	11.92^a	(9.80 - 14.43)	17.02	(13.92 - 20.66)	0.001
Region 2	11.35^a	(8.89 - 14.39)	18.76	(15.14 - 23.01)	0.000
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	12.70^a	(10.63 - 15.11)	22.44	(19.61 - 25.55)	0.000
Region 4	9.41^a	(7.14 - 12.30)	13.55	(10.86 - 16.78)	0.002
Region 5	10.04^a	(8.06 - 12.43)	16.50	(13.78 - 19.63)	0.000
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	17.56	(13.74 - 22.16)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	15.56	(12.33 - 19.45)	--
New York¹	12.77^a	(11.98 - 13.61)	15.35	(14.50 - 16.24)	0.000
Region 1: Long Island	11.19^a	(9.76 - 12.81)	14.22	(12.36 - 16.31)	0.003
Region 2: New York City	12.37^a	(11.19 - 13.65)	15.65	(14.40 - 16.99)	0.000
Region 2A: Bronx	11.16	(9.01 - 13.75)	11.48	(9.41 - 13.95)	0.770
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	16.26	(14.13 - 18.64)	--
Region 2C: New York	17.22^a	(14.21 - 20.70)	22.40	(19.14 - 26.04)	0.004
Region 2D: Queens	9.37^a	(7.75 - 11.27)	12.72	(10.74 - 15.00)	0.001
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	14.34	(11.26 - 18.08)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	11.36	(9.60 - 13.40)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	17.32	(14.66 - 20.34)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	16.18	(12.30 - 20.99)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	17.98	(14.33 - 22.31)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	13.94	(10.73 - 17.93)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	16.70	(14.40 - 19.28)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	18.68	(15.52 - 22.31)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	15.76	(13.73 - 18.03)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	17.88	(15.69 - 20.30)	--
North Carolina¹	10.77^a	(9.53 - 12.15)	12.59	(11.51 - 13.76)	0.014
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	11.92	(9.40 - 15.02)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	13.13	(10.65 - 16.07)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	12.80	(10.14 - 16.02)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	11.95	(9.30 - 15.22)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	13.15	(10.38 - 16.53)	14.33	(11.52 - 17.70)	0.413
CenterPoint Human Services	9.98^a	(7.38 - 13.38)	12.94	(10.19 - 16.30)	0.013
Eastpointe	11.40	(8.59 - 14.99)	11.50	(9.31 - 14.13)	0.937
Partners Behavioral Health Management	9.25^a	(7.14 - 11.91)	11.68	(9.37 - 14.47)	0.038
Sandhills Center 1	10.20	(7.52 - 13.69)	10.17	(7.79 - 13.17)	0.980
Sandhills Center 2	12.47	(9.58 - 16.07)	13.96	(10.92 - 17.69)	0.280
Smoky Mountain Center 1	8.16^a	(6.05 - 10.92)	12.50	(9.96 - 15.57)	0.000
Smoky Mountain Center 2	10.51^b	(7.95 - 13.77)	12.92	(9.64 - 17.10)	0.052
Trillium Health Resources 1	13.65	(10.42 - 17.67)	12.45	(9.95 - 15.46)	0.372
Trillium Health Resources 2	13.32	(10.11 - 17.34)	13.69	(10.66 - 17.41)	0.785
North Dakota	8.09^a	(7.13 - 9.18)	11.42	(10.23 - 12.73)	0.000
Badlands and West Central	7.20^a	(5.79 - 8.93)	9.29	(7.65 - 11.23)	0.011
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	8.21	(5.99 - 11.17)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	9.61	(7.69 - 11.93)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	12.56	(9.33 - 16.70)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	11.87	(9.22 - 15.15)	--
Northeast	10.36	(8.25 - 12.94)	11.36	(8.98 - 14.26)	0.407
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	13.09	(9.91 - 17.09)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	8.75	(6.50 - 11.67)	--
Southeast	8.88^a	(7.40 - 10.64)	13.47	(11.46 - 15.78)	0.000
Ohio	10.21^a	(9.55 - 10.91)	13.71	(12.82 - 14.66)	0.000
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	7.87^a	(6.36 - 9.70)	10.47	(8.02 - 13.57)	0.005
Boards 3, 52, and 85	8.90	(6.99 - 11.28)	9.47	(7.29 - 12.22)	0.546
Boards 4 and 78	9.14^a	(7.04 - 11.79)	11.56	(9.13 - 14.54)	0.020
Boards 5 and 60	11.18^a	(9.14 - 13.61)	17.66	(14.16 - 21.80)	0.000
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	7.29^a	(5.75 - 9.19)	11.75	(9.03 - 15.14)	0.000
Boards 8, 13, and 83	8.59^a	(6.86 - 10.70)	11.85	(9.16 - 15.18)	0.001
Board 9 (Butler)	10.44^a	(8.31 - 13.03)	13.79	(10.93 - 17.27)	0.003
Board 12	9.05^a	(7.34 - 11.12)	14.00	(11.07 - 17.55)	0.000
Boards 18 and 47	10.52^a	(9.14 - 12.08)	16.28	(14.05 - 18.79)	0.000
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	7.20^a	(5.61 - 9.20)	10.27	(8.13 - 12.89)	0.001
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	9.06	(7.19 - 11.35)	10.30	(8.09 - 13.03)	0.199
Boards 22, 74, and 87	9.48^a	(7.62 - 11.75)	13.80	(11.23 - 16.86)	0.000
Boards 23 and 45	9.33^a	(7.37 - 11.74)	12.02	(9.30 - 15.39)	0.014
Board 25 (Franklin)	13.69^a	(11.89 - 15.71)	16.62	(14.32 - 19.22)	0.019
Boards 27, 71, and 73	7.83^a	(6.09 - 10.00)	11.37	(8.97 - 14.32)	0.000
Boards 28, 43, and 67	10.17	(8.42 - 12.24)	11.19	(8.65 - 14.36)	0.361
Board 31 (Hamilton)	12.23^a	(10.25 - 14.54)	15.95	(13.35 - 18.95)	0.003
Board 48 (Lucas)	12.53^a	(10.23 - 15.26)	18.13	(14.66 - 22.21)	0.000
Boards 50 and 76	10.01^b	(8.13 - 12.27)	11.80	(9.50 - 14.57)	0.089
Board 57 (Montgomery)	10.93^a	(8.90 - 13.36)	15.93	(12.85 - 19.59)	0.000
Board 77 (Summit)	11.15	(9.18 - 13.48)	12.13	(9.63 - 15.17)	0.382
Oklahoma	10.23^a	(8.89 - 11.75)	12.44	(11.13 - 13.88)	0.011
Central	9.74^a	(7.51 - 12.55)	12.26	(9.71 - 15.37)	0.033
East Central	9.83^a	(7.38 - 12.99)	12.73	(9.81 - 16.37)	0.020
Northeast	9.57	(7.42 - 12.26)	10.21	(8.02 - 12.93)	0.570
Northwest and Southwest	10.78	(8.38 - 13.77)	11.09	(8.70 - 14.05)	0.790
Oklahoma County	10.22^a	(7.88 - 13.15)	15.47	(12.70 - 18.72)	0.000
Southeast	10.46	(8.09 - 13.42)	11.81	(9.42 - 14.70)	0.268
Tulsa County	10.79	(8.54 - 13.55)	12.14	(9.67 - 15.14)	0.271
Oregon	14.79^a	(13.27 - 16.46)	27.48	(25.57 - 29.47)	0.000
Region 1 (Multnomah)	20.59^a	(17.03 - 24.68)	37.96	(33.73 - 42.38)	0.000
Region 2	12.54^a	(10.29 - 15.20)	23.41	(20.36 - 26.77)	0.000
Region 3	14.95^a	(12.79 - 17.41)	27.09	(23.96 - 30.45)	0.000
Region 4	12.29^a	(9.68 - 15.48)	24.52	(20.30 - 29.29)	0.000
Region 5 (Central)	14.57^a	(11.09 - 18.92)	24.65	(19.44 - 30.73)	0.000
Region 6 (Eastern)	11.21^a	(8.53 - 14.59)	20.43	(16.43 - 25.10)	0.000
Pennsylvania	10.22^a	(9.51 - 10.97)	13.98	(13.02 - 15.01)	0.000
Region 1 (Allegheny)	12.14^a	(10.31 - 14.25)	16.70	(14.28 - 19.43)	0.001
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	9.06^a	(7.34 - 11.15)	12.07	(9.65 - 14.99)	0.003
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	8.55^a	(6.93 - 10.50)	13.64	(10.85 - 17.00)	0.000
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	9.01^a	(7.03 - 11.49)	11.21	(9.01 - 13.86)	0.027
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	10.53^a	(8.60 - 12.84)	13.74	(11.24 - 16.70)	0.003
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	11.83^a	(10.44 - 13.38)	14.51	(12.77 - 16.44)	0.006
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	8.53^a	(6.74 - 10.75)	10.54	(8.21 - 13.43)	0.047
Regions 17 and 21	10.80^a	(8.65 - 13.42)	13.97	(10.89 - 17.75)	0.008
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	8.10^a	(6.65 - 9.84)	10.88	(9.18 - 12.86)	0.002
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	7.80^a	(6.36 - 9.54)	10.85	(8.59 - 13.62)	0.001
Regions 29 and 34	7.89^a	(6.20 - 9.99)	12.19	(9.49 - 15.51)	0.000
Regions 30 and 50	8.41^a	(6.73 - 10.45)	11.92	(9.40 - 15.01)	0.001
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	13.89^a	(11.95 - 16.08)	20.86	(17.93 - 24.13)	0.000
Rhode Island	16.07^a	(14.37 - 17.94)	21.33	(19.50 - 23.29)	0.000
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	21.43	(17.75 - 25.63)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	20.28	(17.13 - 23.85)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	21.98	(18.36 - 26.07)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	20.31	(17.05 - 24.02)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	20.72	(16.71 - 25.39)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	21.80	(17.43 - 26.92)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	23.70	(19.79 - 28.12)	--
South Carolina	9.87^a	(8.67 - 11.23)	12.12	(10.82 - 13.56)	0.004
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	11.46	(9.57 - 13.68)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	12.76	(10.56 - 15.34)	--
Region 3	9.59	(7.46 - 12.24)	11.22	(8.86 - 14.10)	0.163
Region 4	10.28^a	(8.34 - 12.61)	12.89	(10.77 - 15.35)	0.019
South Dakota	8.74^a	(7.69 - 9.92)	12.27	(10.99 - 13.67)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	15.46	(12.88 - 18.45)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	13.19	(10.18 - 16.93)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	10.04	(8.26 - 12.16)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	12.05	(9.48 - 15.19)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	11.14	(9.35 - 13.23)	--
Tennessee	9.58^a	(8.37 - 10.94)	13.15	(11.85 - 14.56)	0.000
Region 1	7.99^a	(5.93 - 10.69)	10.17	(7.77 - 13.21)	0.048
Region 2	7.59^a	(5.88 - 9.73)	11.95	(9.66 - 14.70)	0.000
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	11.37	(9.00 - 14.25)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	14.36^a	(11.41 - 17.91)	18.83	(14.85 - 23.59)	0.010
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	14.30	(11.99 - 16.97)	--
Region 6	8.79^a	(6.65 - 11.54)	11.73	(9.24 - 14.80)	0.009
Region 7 (Shelby)	11.83	(9.29 - 14.95)	13.29	(10.72 - 16.36)	0.274
Texas	8.70^a	(8.10 - 9.33)	10.79	(10.11 - 11.51)	0.000
Region 1	9.79	(7.95 - 12.01)	11.40	(9.07 - 14.25)	0.125
Region 2	8.62^a	(6.64 - 11.12)	12.08	(9.39 - 15.42)	0.001
Region 3	8.81^a	(7.81 - 9.92)	10.66	(9.62 - 11.81)	0.004
Region 3a	8.32^a	(7.14 - 9.66)	10.97	(9.64 - 12.46)	0.001
Region 3bc	9.67	(8.20 - 11.39)	10.12	(8.67 - 11.78)	0.613
Region 4	9.21	(7.31 - 11.55)	10.45	(8.31 - 13.07)	0.214
Region 5	8.59^a	(6.72 - 10.90)	12.31	(9.76 - 15.40)	0.000
Region 6	8.05^a	(7.06 - 9.18)	10.05	(8.85 - 11.40)	0.003
Region 6a	7.85^a	(6.78 - 9.06)	9.96	(8.66 - 11.43)	0.004
Region 6bc	9.75	(7.63 - 12.38)	10.84	(8.36 - 13.95)	0.278
Region 7	11.60^a	(10.15 - 13.22)	15.65	(13.68 - 17.85)	0.000
Region 7a	12.29^a	(10.40 - 14.47)	16.74	(14.07 - 19.80)	0.001
Region 7bcd	10.45^a	(8.56 - 12.70)	13.68	(11.44 - 16.29)	0.002
Region 8	8.12^a	(6.78 - 9.69)	10.77	(9.06 - 12.75)	0.001
Region 9	8.50	(6.67 - 10.77)	9.53	(7.17 - 12.56)	0.265
Region 10	6.99	(5.37 - 9.04)	6.49	(4.95 - 8.47)	0.488
Region 11	6.80	(5.71 - 8.07)	7.19	(5.93 - 8.70)	0.533
Region 11abd	7.33	(5.91 - 9.06)	7.00	(5.51 - 8.87)	0.672
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	5.81^a	(4.49 - 7.48)	7.51	(5.73 - 9.79)	0.012
Utah	6.73^a	(5.81 - 7.79)	10.67	(9.54 - 11.91)	0.000
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	6.72^a	(4.99 - 8.98)	8.99	(6.83 - 11.74)	0.016
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	5.76^a	(4.26 - 7.73)	9.17	(7.23 - 11.56)	0.000
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	8.45	(6.10 - 11.60)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	9.61	(7.16 - 12.77)	--
Davis County	6.73^a	(5.06 - 8.91)	8.84	(6.71 - 11.57)	0.019
Salt Lake County	7.72^a	(6.35 - 9.35)	13.78	(11.93 - 15.86)	0.000
Utah County	5.40^a	(4.13 - 7.03)	7.69	(6.06 - 9.70)	0.005
Weber, Morgan	6.65^a	(4.82 - 9.11)	10.14	(7.72 - 13.20)	0.000
Vermont	16.74^a	(15.13 - 18.49)	24.62	(22.73 - 26.60)	0.000
Champlain Valley	17.73^a	(15.56 - 20.13)	25.58	(22.82 - 28.56)	0.000
Rural Northeast	17.37^a	(14.60 - 20.53)	25.75	(22.18 - 29.67)	0.000
Rural Southeast	16.61^a	(13.67 - 20.03)	24.19	(20.64 - 28.13)	0.000
Rural Southwest	13.59^a	(11.03 - 16.63)	20.92	(17.54 - 24.75)	0.000
Virginia	9.77^a	(8.60 - 11.07)	11.72	(10.73 - 12.79)	0.007
Region 1	9.73^b	(7.89 - 11.94)	11.57	(9.71 - 13.72)	0.084
Region 2	8.41	(6.73 - 10.47)	9.53	(8.01 - 11.31)	0.228
Region 3	9.63	(7.63 - 12.09)	11.00	(9.14 - 13.17)	0.206
Region 4	9.90^a	(7.74 - 12.59)	14.16	(12.08 - 16.53)	0.001
Region 5	11.36^b	(9.24 - 13.90)	13.34	(11.46 - 15.48)	0.094
Washington¹	13.80^a	(12.26 - 15.49)	22.28	(20.47 - 24.22)	0.000
Region 1	12.18^a	(10.01 - 14.73)	20.20	(17.37 - 23.37)	0.000
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	18.07	(14.87 - 21.77)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	23.39	(18.61 - 28.95)	--
Region 2	14.36^a	(12.38 - 16.61)	23.33	(20.83 - 26.04)	0.000
King	14.21^a	(11.84 - 16.96)	25.16	(22.06 - 28.54)	0.000
North Sound	14.63^a	(11.89 - 17.88)	20.07	(16.56 - 24.10)	0.001
Region 3	14.07^a	(12.00 - 16.44)	22.18	(19.63 - 24.95)	0.000
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	19.97	(16.43 - 24.06)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	23.71	(18.54 - 29.80)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	23.38	(19.33 - 27.99)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	23.32	(18.11 - 29.49)	--
West Virginia	9.94^a	(8.69 - 11.33)	13.32	(11.97 - 14.81)	0.000
Region I	9.24	(6.82 - 12.41)	10.67	(8.05 - 14.01)	0.241
Region II	9.51^b	(7.31 - 12.27)	11.82	(9.38 - 14.80)	0.066
Region III	8.14^a	(6.04 - 10.88)	12.42	(9.61 - 15.91)	0.000
Region IV	11.57^b	(9.47 - 14.07)	13.81	(11.40 - 16.63)	0.081
Region V	10.28^a	(8.45 - 12.46)	15.13	(12.87 - 17.72)	0.000
Region VI	9.09^a	(7.10 - 11.57)	12.69	(10.23 - 15.64)	0.004
Wisconsin	10.36^a	(9.13 - 11.73)	13.38	(12.01 - 14.87)	0.000
Milwaukee	11.70^a	(9.31 - 14.60)	16.50	(13.58 - 19.91)	0.001
Northeastern	8.90^b	(7.15 - 11.03)	10.97	(8.77 - 13.65)	0.054
Northern	8.14^a	(6.04 - 10.88)	11.06	(8.57 - 14.16)	0.009
Southeastern	9.67^a	(7.70 - 12.08)	14.20	(11.74 - 17.08)	0.000
Southern	12.74	(10.39 - 15.52)	14.45	(12.02 - 17.28)	0.209
Western	10.26^b	(8.16 - 12.82)	12.19	(9.63 - 15.31)	0.095
Wyoming	9.33^a	(8.20 - 10.59)	12.68	(11.33 - 14.16)	0.000
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	8.83^a	(6.96 - 11.13)	14.52	(11.83 - 17.69)	0.000
Judicial District 2	14.67	(11.87 - 18.00)	16.67	(13.50 - 20.40)	0.190
Judicial District 3	6.85^a	(5.32 - 8.78)	9.85	(7.60 - 12.67)	0.003
Judicial District 4	8.37	(6.11 - 11.36)	9.70	(7.22 - 12.91)	0.193
Judicial District 5	7.94	(6.02 - 10.39)	9.47	(7.19 - 12.39)	0.118
Judicial District 6	8.10^a	(6.23 - 10.47)	11.57	(8.96 - 14.82)	0.001
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	10.96^a	(8.68 - 13.75)	13.87	(11.10 - 17.20)	0.025
Judicial District 8	8.82	(6.58 - 11.74)	10.09	(7.71 - 13.09)	0.227
Judicial District 9	10.29^a	(7.83 - 13.42)	15.44	(12.26 - 19.26)	0.001
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 2 – Marijuana Use in the Past Month among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	6.58^a	(6.40 - 6.77)	9.52	(9.31 - 9.74)	0.000
Northeast	7.30^a	(6.95 - 7.66)	10.16	(9.75 - 10.58)	0.000
Midwest	6.19^a	(5.93 - 6.47)	9.04	(8.70 - 9.38)	0.000
South	5.55^a	(5.30 - 5.80)	7.70	(7.45 - 7.96)	0.000
West	8.02^a	(7.59 - 8.47)	12.39	(11.95 - 12.84)	0.000
Alabama	4.88^a	(4.09 - 5.81)	7.27	(6.28 - 8.41)	0.000
Region 1	4.54^a	(3.38 - 6.07)	6.88	(5.46 - 8.65)	0.002
Region 2	5.20^a	(4.03 - 6.68)	7.55	(6.06 - 9.35)	0.002
Region 3	5.75^a	(4.32 - 7.63)	7.93	(6.17 - 10.14)	0.009
Region 4	4.15^a	(3.02 - 5.66)	6.83	(5.32 - 8.72)	0.000
Alaska	11.49^a	(9.93 - 13.25)	16.75	(15.13 - 18.51)	0.000
Anchorage	11.11^a	(9.17 - 13.40)	15.62	(13.47 - 18.04)	0.001
Northern	12.73^a	(10.09 - 15.94)	19.00	(15.88 - 22.58)	0.000
South Central	11.35^a	(8.68 - 14.73)	16.03	(13.38 - 19.08)	0.006
Southeast	10.82^a	(8.01 - 14.45)	18.21	(14.50 - 22.61)	0.000
Arizona¹	6.50^a	(5.42 - 7.78)	9.74	(8.40 - 11.27)	0.000
Central	6.17^a	(4.94 - 7.68)	9.53	(8.03 - 11.28)	0.000
North	--	(-- - --)	10.67	(8.03 - 14.04)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	9.80	(7.83 - 12.19)	--
South A	7.98^a	(5.85 - 10.80)	10.39	(7.94 - 13.49)	0.046
South B	--	(-- - --)	9.09	(6.74 - 12.16)	--
Arkansas	5.53^a	(4.63 - 6.59)	8.26	(7.11 - 9.58)	0.000
Catchment Area 1	5.52^a	(3.97 - 7.62)	8.22	(6.26 - 10.73)	0.003
Catchment Area 2	4.84^a	(3.37 - 6.90)	7.02	(5.09 - 9.59)	0.009
Catchment Area 3	5.31^a	(3.83 - 7.32)	8.15	(6.14 - 10.74)	0.002
Catchment Area 4	4.78^a	(3.31 - 6.87)	7.95	(5.89 - 10.66)	0.000
Catchment Area 5	6.18^a	(4.69 - 8.10)	8.10	(6.26 - 10.41)	0.033
Catchment Area 6	6.46^a	(4.56 - 9.07)	9.14	(6.57 - 12.59)	0.012
Catchment Area 7	5.16^a	(3.55 - 7.43)	8.29	(5.92 - 11.51)	0.000
Catchment Area 8	5.78^a	(4.28 - 7.77)	9.07	(7.11 - 11.51)	0.001
California	8.05^a	(7.39 - 8.76)	11.60	(10.96 - 12.27)	0.000
Region 1R	13.99^a	(10.68 - 18.11)	18.55	(15.66 - 21.82)	0.015
Region 2R	8.24^a	(6.32 - 10.69)	12.95	(10.24 - 16.25)	0.000
Region 3R (Sacramento)	9.44^a	(7.22 - 12.24)	12.76	(10.51 - 15.41)	0.006
Region 4R	8.18^a	(6.19 - 10.73)	12.19	(9.58 - 15.40)	0.000
Region 5R (San Francisco)	12.71^a	(9.55 - 16.72)	17.38	(13.72 - 21.76)	0.008
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	6.68^a	(5.07 - 8.76)	9.20	(7.50 - 11.24)	0.005
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	8.61^a	(6.39 - 11.49)	12.84	(10.35 - 15.81)	0.001
Region 8R (Alameda)	9.08^a	(7.06 - 11.61)	14.04	(11.53 - 16.99)	0.000
Region 9R (San Mateo)	7.19^a	(5.25 - 9.76)	11.90	(9.38 - 14.99)	0.000
Region 10	10.85	(8.47 - 13.79)	10.94	(8.56 - 13.88)	0.937
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	7.21^a	(6.35 - 8.18)	11.89	(10.84 - 13.03)	0.000
LA SPA 1 and 5	9.04^a	(6.77 - 11.98)	12.78	(10.28 - 15.78)	0.002
LA SPA 2	6.84^a	(5.28 - 8.83)	12.19	(10.07 - 14.68)	0.000
LA SPA 3	5.93^a	(4.53 - 7.72)	8.52	(6.82 - 10.60)	0.000
LA SPA 4	7.88^a	(5.94 - 10.39)	16.75	(13.46 - 20.64)	0.000
LA SPA 6	7.20^a	(5.37 - 9.60)	11.77	(9.36 - 14.70)	0.000
LA SPA 7	6.39^a	(4.82 - 8.43)	9.31	(7.20 - 11.95)	0.001
LA SPA 8	8.14^a	(6.16 - 10.69)	13.24	(10.90 - 15.98)	0.000
Region 12R	7.75^a	(5.60 - 10.63)	11.19	(8.76 - 14.20)	0.001
Regions 13 and 19R	8.05^a	(6.36 - 10.14)	10.41	(8.68 - 12.44)	0.009
Region 14 (Orange)	6.49^a	(5.23 - 8.02)	8.91	(7.35 - 10.77)	0.002
Region 15R (Fresno)	7.09^a	(5.24 - 9.51)	10.62	(8.43 - 13.29)	0.000
Region 16R (San Diego)	8.85^a	(7.20 - 10.82)	11.66	(9.85 - 13.75)	0.005
Region 17R	6.78^a	(5.23 - 8.74)	8.79	(7.09 - 10.86)	0.019
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	6.13^a	(4.72 - 7.94)	9.47	(7.72 - 11.57)	0.000
Region 20R	7.95^a	(5.97 - 10.51)	10.44	(8.30 - 13.06)	0.011
Region 21R	11.03^a	(8.34 - 14.45)	14.69	(12.02 - 17.83)	0.009
Colorado	11.18^a	(9.68 - 12.89)	16.38	(14.80 - 18.09)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	17.63	(14.52 - 21.23)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	13.18	(9.95 - 17.27)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	12.94	(10.67 - 15.60)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	14.22	(10.69 - 18.67)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	21.93	(18.27 - 26.09)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	19.13	(15.79 - 23.00)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	15.76	(12.81 - 19.23)	--
Connecticut	7.55^a	(6.46 - 8.80)	10.88	(9.56 - 12.36)	0.000
Eastern	9.00^b	(6.62 - 12.11)	11.36	(8.90 - 14.40)	0.053
North Central	7.54^a	(6.01 - 9.43)	11.83	(9.75 - 14.28)	0.000
Northwestern	7.66^a	(5.82 - 10.01)	10.40	(8.20 - 13.11)	0.013
South Central	8.03^a	(6.34 - 10.12)	10.96	(8.89 - 13.45)	0.004
Southwest	5.89^a	(4.30 - 8.01)	9.55	(7.51 - 12.07)	0.000
Delaware	6.87^a	(5.84 - 8.06)	11.12	(9.77 - 12.62)	0.000
Kent	6.83^a	(5.10 - 9.10)	11.00	(8.71 - 13.81)	0.000
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	6.77^a	(5.57 - 8.21)	11.04	(9.42 - 12.91)	0.000
Sussex	5.84^a	(4.33 - 7.83)	8.38	(6.40 - 10.91)	0.009
Wilmington City	10.10^a	(7.56 - 13.36)	19.63	(15.31 - 24.81)	0.000
District of Columbia	9.25^a	(7.97 - 10.70)	16.55	(14.90 - 18.34)	0.000
Ward 1	9.99^a	(7.51 - 13.17)	19.12	(15.28 - 23.66)	0.000
Ward 2	8.88^a	(6.63 - 11.78)	19.61	(15.58 - 24.37)	0.000
Ward 3	6.88^a	(5.13 - 9.17)	13.83	(11.12 - 17.09)	0.000
Ward 4	8.64^a	(6.21 - 11.90)	12.65	(9.81 - 16.18)	0.003
Ward 5	9.52^a	(6.97 - 12.87)	17.48	(14.01 - 21.61)	0.000
Ward 6	9.14^a	(6.76 - 12.25)	14.49	(11.50 - 18.09)	0.000
Ward 7	10.29^a	(7.82 - 13.44)	15.72	(12.48 - 19.62)	0.000
Ward 8	11.24^a	(8.58 - 14.60)	19.50	(15.98 - 23.58)	0.000
Florida¹	6.12^a	(5.54 - 6.75)	8.83	(8.16 - 9.55)	0.000
Broward (Circuit 17)	5.93^a	(4.75 - 7.38)	7.57	(6.11 - 9.34)	0.028
Central I	--	(-- - --)	9.19	(7.97 - 10.58)	--
Circuit 9	5.89^a	(4.62 - 7.47)	8.99	(7.52 - 10.72)	0.000
Circuit 18	6.86^a	(5.23 - 8.95)	9.49	(7.59 - 11.80)	0.004
Central II	--	(-- - --)	9.30	(8.26 - 10.46)	--
Circuit 6	5.82^a	(4.46 - 7.57)	9.61	(7.76 - 11.84)	0.000
Circuit 10	4.97^a	(3.62 - 6.79)	8.30	(6.35 - 10.78)	0.000
Circuit 12	5.68^a	(4.11 - 7.80)	10.41	(7.97 - 13.48)	0.000
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	6.76^a	(5.36 - 8.48)	10.98	(9.19 - 13.08)	0.000
Circuit 20	6.40	(4.85 - 8.40)	7.06	(5.42 - 9.15)	0.439
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	9.28	(8.15 - 10.56)	--
Circuit 4	7.75^b	(6.05 - 9.87)	9.52	(7.61 - 11.84)	0.074
Circuit 5	5.33^a	(4.01 - 7.07)	7.76	(6.03 - 9.95)	0.003
Circuit 7	6.60^a	(4.90 - 8.83)	10.55	(8.30 - 13.33)	0.000
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	9.79	(7.52 - 12.64)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	11.28	(9.67 - 13.12)	--
Circuit 1	6.76^a	(5.10 - 8.93)	10.59	(8.37 - 13.30)	0.000
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	13.73	(10.89 - 17.17)	--
Circuit 14	6.97^a	(4.88 - 9.85)	9.31	(6.91 - 12.43)	0.018
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	5.31^a	(4.28 - 6.56)	6.72	(5.60 - 8.05)	0.025
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	8.50	(7.06 - 10.21)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	5.11^a	(3.87 - 6.73)	8.47	(6.75 - 10.58)	0.000
Circuit 19	5.44^a	(3.92 - 7.50)	8.58	(6.43 - 11.38)	0.000
Georgia	5.39^a	(4.53 - 6.40)	7.46	(6.68 - 8.32)	0.000
Region 1	4.49^b	(3.35 - 6.00)	5.52	(4.42 - 6.87)	0.100
Region 2	4.83^a	(3.44 - 6.75)	7.80	(6.16 - 9.82)	0.000
Region 3	6.58^a	(5.15 - 8.38)	9.79	(8.43 - 11.35)	0.001
Region 4	5.40^a	(3.65 - 7.92)	7.35	(5.38 - 9.97)	0.020
Region 5	5.36^b	(3.89 - 7.33)	6.74	(5.12 - 8.81)	0.065
Region 6	4.91^b	(3.51 - 6.82)	6.32	(4.93 - 8.06)	0.051
Hawaii	8.00	(6.70 - 9.53)	8.42	(7.23 - 9.79)	0.632
Hawaii Island	13.01	(9.62 - 17.37)	11.21	(8.55 - 14.55)	0.293
Honolulu	6.41	(5.14 - 7.97)	7.06	(5.84 - 8.51)	0.448
Kauai	10.37	(7.04 - 15.02)	8.86	(6.30 - 12.32)	0.308
Maui	10.85	(7.78 - 14.93)	13.46	(10.33 - 17.35)	0.173
Idaho	6.95^a	(5.93 - 8.14)	8.34	(7.22 - 9.62)	0.045
Region 1	7.72	(5.56 - 10.61)	9.09	(6.73 - 12.17)	0.264
Region 2	7.33	(5.16 - 10.32)	8.58	(6.20 - 11.74)	0.211
Region 3	6.07	(4.52 - 8.10)	6.98	(5.34 - 9.06)	0.281
Region 4	8.51^b	(6.83 - 10.55)	10.48	(8.56 - 12.77)	0.075
Region 5	6.01	(4.33 - 8.29)	6.82	(5.12 - 9.03)	0.340
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	8.85	(6.39 - 12.14)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	5.80	(4.34 - 7.70)	--
Illinois	6.09^a	(5.56 - 6.68)	9.07	(8.29 - 9.92)	0.000
Region 1 (Cook)	7.00^a	(6.13 - 7.98)	9.92	(8.79 - 11.17)	0.000
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	11.28	(8.34 - 15.07)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	9.01	(6.65 - 12.09)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	14.47	(10.83 - 19.08)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	12.08	(9.30 - 15.56)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	12.28	(9.80 - 15.29)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	8.86	(6.49 - 11.99)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	8.01	(6.71 - 9.53)	--
Region 2	5.46^a	(4.73 - 6.29)	8.01	(7.06 - 9.07)	0.000
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	7.67	(6.08 - 9.63)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	7.97	(6.67 - 9.50)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	8.30	(6.07 - 11.24)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	8.48	(6.73 - 10.63)	--
Region 3	6.06^a	(5.06 - 7.24)	9.70	(8.14 - 11.52)	0.000
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	13.19	(10.18 - 16.92)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	9.11	(7.43 - 11.13)	--
Region 4	4.61^a	(3.56 - 5.97)	8.25	(6.62 - 10.24)	0.000
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	9.04	(6.74 - 12.02)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	8.02	(6.14 - 10.41)	--
Region 5	5.62^a	(4.58 - 6.89)	8.85	(7.26 - 10.74)	0.000
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	9.38	(7.33 - 11.92)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	8.42	(6.35 - 11.09)	--
Indiana	6.26^a	(5.32 - 7.35)	9.81	(8.67 - 11.08)	0.000
Central	6.35^a	(4.88 - 8.23)	9.46	(7.75 - 11.49)	0.001
East	6.02^a	(4.38 - 8.23)	11.37	(8.53 - 15.01)	0.000
North Central	5.99^a	(4.43 - 8.05)	10.31	(8.01 - 13.16)	0.000
Northeast	6.10^a	(4.43 - 8.35)	8.07	(6.09 - 10.64)	0.022
Northwest	6.64^a	(4.76 - 9.21)	8.70	(6.57 - 11.44)	0.029
Southeast	5.67^a	(4.09 - 7.82)	9.06	(6.91 - 11.79)	0.000
Southwest	4.98^a	(3.44 - 7.16)	8.78	(6.48 - 11.78)	0.000
West	7.81^a	(5.97 - 10.15)	12.92	(10.20 - 16.24)	0.000
Iowa	4.50^a	(3.76 - 5.38)	6.53	(5.63 - 7.57)	0.000
Central	4.94^a	(3.65 - 6.65)	7.69	(6.00 - 9.81)	0.001
North Central	4.20^a	(3.00 - 5.83)	6.28	(4.67 - 8.39)	0.002
Northeast	5.13^a	(3.93 - 6.66)	7.06	(5.56 - 8.92)	0.010
Northwest	3.43^a	(2.42 - 4.83)	5.17	(3.82 - 6.97)	0.002
Southeast	4.72^a	(3.56 - 6.24)	6.44	(4.96 - 8.33)	0.011
Southwest	3.76^a	(2.54 - 5.52)	5.68	(4.08 - 7.85)	0.002
Kansas	5.21^a	(4.34 - 6.25)	6.42	(5.48 - 7.51)	0.031
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	6.48	(5.31 - 7.88)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	5.95	(4.23 - 8.31)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	6.56	(5.12 - 8.36)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	6.77	(4.72 - 9.61)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	5.49	(3.78 - 7.92)	--
Kentucky¹	4.65^a	(3.88 - 5.57)	7.82	(6.75 - 9.03)	0.000
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	3.48^a	(2.45 - 4.92)	6.65	(5.02 - 8.77)	0.000
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	4.98^a	(3.85 - 6.40)	8.04	(6.46 - 9.97)	0.000
Centerstone	5.47^a	(4.07 - 7.31)	9.15	(7.40 - 11.26)	0.000
Communicare and River Valley	4.59^a	(3.22 - 6.51)	7.52	(5.55 - 10.10)	0.000
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	5.01^a	(3.57 - 6.97)	7.17	(5.17 - 9.87)	0.006
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	3.80^a	(2.69 - 5.35)	7.14	(5.13 - 9.85)	0.000
Louisiana	4.86^a	(4.09 - 5.78)	7.53	(6.54 - 8.66)	0.000
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	9.64	(7.71 - 11.99)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	11.82	(9.08 - 15.25)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	5.53^b	(3.87 - 7.85)	7.15	(5.20 - 9.74)	0.055
Regions 2 and 9	5.48^a	(4.31 - 6.95)	8.52	(6.86 - 10.53)	0.000
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	6.39	(4.67 - 8.68)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	3.99^a	(2.97 - 5.34)	6.32	(4.88 - 8.14)	0.000
Regions 7 and 8	4.38^a	(3.27 - 5.84)	6.12	(4.74 - 7.87)	0.009
Maine	9.55^a	(8.25 - 11.03)	16.96	(15.28 - 18.77)	0.000
Aroostook/Downeast	7.15^a	(5.30 - 9.58)	14.67	(11.82 - 18.08)	0.000
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	15.31	(11.43 - 20.20)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	14.17	(10.71 - 18.51)	--
Central	10.22^a	(7.83 - 13.23)	16.83	(13.55 - 20.71)	0.000
Cumberland	11.50^a	(9.20 - 14.28)	18.85	(15.74 - 22.42)	0.000
Midcoast	8.65^a	(6.29 - 11.79)	16.02	(12.68 - 20.03)	0.000
Penquis	9.31^a	(7.04 - 12.22)	16.91	(13.74 - 20.63)	0.000
Western	9.55^a	(7.36 - 12.32)	17.85	(14.64 - 21.57)	0.000
York	9.11^a	(6.75 - 12.20)	16.05	(12.75 - 20.02)	0.000
Maryland	5.70^a	(4.75 - 6.84)	10.20	(8.98 - 11.57)	0.000
Anne Arundel	5.51^a	(3.95 - 7.64)	8.78	(6.53 - 11.72)	0.000
Baltimore City	7.40^a	(5.35 - 10.15)	17.24	(13.95 - 21.11)	0.000
Baltimore County	6.40^a	(4.67 - 8.70)	10.19	(7.71 - 13.36)	0.000
Montgomery	4.57^a	(3.27 - 6.36)	8.24	(6.41 - 10.54)	0.000
North Central	5.14^a	(3.63 - 7.23)	8.97	(6.75 - 11.83)	0.000
Northeast	5.90^a	(4.16 - 8.30)	9.96	(7.25 - 13.54)	0.000
Prince George's	6.13^a	(4.43 - 8.42)	11.66	(9.37 - 14.42)	0.000
South	5.12^a	(3.64 - 7.16)	8.95	(6.90 - 11.54)	0.000
West	4.95^a	(3.51 - 6.96)	7.65	(5.73 - 10.14)	0.001
Massachusetts	9.21^a	(8.07 - 10.49)	13.26	(11.82 - 14.84)	0.000
Boston	10.39^a	(7.77 - 13.75)	15.51	(12.31 - 19.36)	0.001
Central	8.66^a	(6.62 - 11.27)	13.44	(10.63 - 16.86)	0.000
Metrowest	7.72^a	(6.16 - 9.65)	13.18	(10.96 - 15.78)	0.000
Northeast	8.50^b	(6.65 - 10.80)	10.40	(8.33 - 12.91)	0.074
Southeast	9.93^a	(7.85 - 12.50)	13.25	(10.69 - 16.31)	0.012
Western	11.27^a	(8.88 - 14.21)	15.47	(12.56 - 18.91)	0.003
Michigan¹	8.04^a	(7.39 - 8.74)	12.18	(11.27 - 13.15)	0.000
Region 1	8.28^a	(6.34 - 10.75)	12.37	(9.34 - 16.21)	0.000
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	10.16	(7.85 - 13.05)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	10.55	(8.84 - 12.56)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	11.74	(9.71 - 14.14)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	12.37	(10.61 - 14.37)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	11.80	(9.74 - 14.23)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	15.99	(13.76 - 18.49)	--
Region 8	7.25^a	(5.91 - 8.86)	10.87	(8.96 - 13.13)	0.000
Region 9	7.33^a	(5.88 - 9.10)	10.60	(8.59 - 13.01)	0.001
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	11.89	(9.58 - 14.66)	--
Minnesota	6.00^a	(5.09 - 7.06)	8.83	(7.72 - 10.09)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	7.31^b	(5.38 - 9.86)	9.00	(7.01 - 11.48)	0.074
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	8.60	(6.24 - 11.75)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	9.24	(6.70 - 12.62)	--
Regions 3 and 4	6.02^a	(4.56 - 7.90)	8.40	(6.67 - 10.52)	0.004
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	7.97	(5.55 - 11.32)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	8.63	(6.61 - 11.18)	--
Regions 5 and 6	4.78^a	(3.64 - 6.26)	8.03	(6.40 - 10.04)	0.000
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	7.16	(5.24 - 9.70)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	8.92	(6.75 - 11.70)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	9.21	(7.90 - 10.70)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	6.02^a	(4.50 - 8.00)	9.59	(7.76 - 11.80)	0.000
Region 7B (Ramsey)	6.35^a	(4.60 - 8.71)	9.98	(7.55 - 13.08)	0.000
Region 7C	6.26^a	(4.78 - 8.16)	8.48	(6.69 - 10.68)	0.010
Mississippi	4.60^a	(3.79 - 5.57)	7.06	(6.09 - 8.16)	0.000
Region 1	4.68^a	(3.50 - 6.24)	7.81	(6.22 - 9.77)	0.000
Region 2	5.26^a	(3.67 - 7.50)	7.40	(5.64 - 9.64)	0.011
Region 3	4.02^a	(2.86 - 5.62)	6.27	(4.74 - 8.26)	0.001
Region 4	4.18^a	(3.07 - 5.67)	6.24	(4.74 - 8.17)	0.002
Region 5	4.66^a	(3.18 - 6.78)	7.99	(5.63 - 11.21)	0.000
Region 6	4.91	(3.41 - 7.01)	6.08	(4.42 - 8.31)	0.115
Region 7	4.71^a	(3.34 - 6.60)	7.64	(5.74 - 10.09)	0.000
Missouri	6.06^a	(5.12 - 7.18)	8.18	(7.11 - 9.40)	0.000
Central	5.73	(4.14 - 7.88)	6.43	(4.88 - 8.42)	0.357
Eastern	6.97^a	(5.60 - 8.65)	8.86	(7.34 - 10.65)	0.020
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	6.86^a	(5.27 - 8.90)	9.24	(7.28 - 11.67)	0.015
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	7.16	(5.20 - 9.77)	8.21	(6.40 - 10.47)	0.284
Northwest	5.74^a	(4.54 - 7.23)	8.91	(7.29 - 10.86)	0.000
Northwest (Jackson)	6.32^a	(4.71 - 8.43)	10.92	(8.57 - 13.83)	0.000
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	5.24^a	(3.84 - 7.12)	7.23	(5.39 - 9.64)	0.007
Southeast	4.78^a	(3.39 - 6.71)	7.25	(5.30 - 9.84)	0.001
Southwest	5.75^a	(4.19 - 7.83)	7.78	(5.89 - 10.20)	0.018
Montana	8.91^a	(7.72 - 10.26)	13.97	(12.56 - 15.51)	0.000
Region 1	6.52^a	(4.58 - 9.21)	11.82	(8.75 - 15.78)	0.000
Region 2	7.27^a	(5.44 - 9.66)	11.44	(8.79 - 14.76)	0.000
Region 3	7.33^a	(5.61 - 9.51)	11.08	(8.99 - 13.59)	0.001
Region 4	10.83^a	(8.82 - 13.23)	15.34	(12.95 - 18.07)	0.001
Region 5	9.67^a	(7.75 - 12.00)	16.48	(14.07 - 19.20)	0.000
Nebraska	5.56^a	(4.71 - 6.54)	8.26	(7.14 - 9.54)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	4.39^a	(3.27 - 5.88)	8.57	(6.50 - 11.22)	0.000
Region 1	4.30^a	(2.93 - 6.26)	9.43	(6.60 - 13.30)	0.000
Region 2	4.47^a	(3.06 - 6.49)	7.81	(5.57 - 10.85)	0.000
Region 3	3.95^a	(2.83 - 5.48)	6.78	(5.05 - 9.06)	0.000
Region 4	4.51^a	(3.10 - 6.52)	6.08	(4.44 - 8.27)	0.026
Region 5	5.60^a	(4.34 - 7.19)	7.99	(6.31 - 10.08)	0.002
Region 6	6.63^a	(5.34 - 8.21)	9.34	(7.75 - 11.22)	0.002
Nevada¹	7.36^a	(6.18 - 8.76)	13.30	(11.82 - 14.94)	0.000
Clark – Region 1	7.09^a	(5.77 - 8.68)	13.14	(11.48 - 15.00)	0.000
Region 3	7.07^a	(5.02 - 9.86)	12.44	(9.73 - 15.78)	0.000
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	12.12	(8.82 - 16.43)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	12.73	(9.23 - 17.29)	--
Washoe – Region 2	8.88^a	(6.73 - 11.61)	14.72	(11.78 - 18.24)	0.000
New Hampshire	9.81^a	(8.54 - 11.26)	13.37	(11.88 - 15.03)	0.000
Central	9.46^a	(7.80 - 11.43)	14.32	(12.15 - 16.79)	0.000
Central 1	10.24^a	(7.94 - 13.12)	16.22	(13.26 - 19.69)	0.000
Central 2	8.73^a	(6.75 - 11.21)	12.44	(9.79 - 15.67)	0.004
Northern	10.36^a	(7.89 - 13.49)	13.97	(11.15 - 17.35)	0.012
Southern	9.86^a	(8.34 - 11.62)	12.79	(11.00 - 14.81)	0.005
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	11.16	(8.79 - 14.07)	11.77	(9.35 - 14.72)	0.666
Southern 2	9.05^a	(7.36 - 11.10)	13.43	(11.22 - 15.99)	0.000
New Jersey	5.42^a	(4.54 - 6.45)	7.55	(6.66 - 8.56)	0.000
Central	5.43^a	(4.10 - 7.15)	7.62	(6.14 - 9.41)	0.005
Metropolitan	5.57^a	(4.21 - 7.35)	8.02	(6.56 - 9.78)	0.003
Northern	5.03^b	(3.89 - 6.49)	6.27	(5.08 - 7.70)	0.075
Southern	5.79^a	(4.34 - 7.70)	8.95	(7.31 - 10.90)	0.001
New Mexico	6.85^a	(5.82 - 8.05)	12.67	(11.13 - 14.40)	0.000
Region 1	7.10^a	(5.48 - 9.15)	11.60	(9.08 - 14.72)	0.000
Region 2	7.50^a	(5.52 - 10.11)	12.97	(10.05 - 16.60)	0.000
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	7.71^a	(6.14 - 9.65)	14.73	(12.45 - 17.35)	0.000
Region 4	5.11^a	(3.63 - 7.14)	10.27	(7.90 - 13.24)	0.000
Region 5	5.79^a	(4.38 - 7.62)	11.69	(9.43 - 14.40)	0.000
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	12.81	(9.71 - 16.71)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	10.69	(8.13 - 13.94)	--
New York¹	7.67^a	(7.03 - 8.36)	9.92	(9.21 - 10.68)	0.000
Region 1: Long Island	7.50	(6.23 - 9.01)	8.77	(7.37 - 10.40)	0.113
Region 2: New York City	6.82^a	(6.03 - 7.71)	10.07	(9.05 - 11.19)	0.000
Region 2A: Bronx	6.70	(5.17 - 8.63)	7.68	(6.09 - 9.63)	0.223
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	10.03	(8.45 - 11.86)	--
Region 2C: New York	8.78^a	(6.88 - 11.14)	14.47	(11.87 - 17.53)	0.000
Region 2D: Queens	5.61^a	(4.46 - 7.03)	8.51	(6.91 - 10.44)	0.000
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	8.84	(6.77 - 11.46)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	7.56	(6.20 - 9.20)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	11.46	(9.45 - 13.83)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	10.80	(7.94 - 14.54)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	11.46	(8.70 - 14.95)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	9.47	(7.04 - 12.63)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	12.03	(10.00 - 14.40)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	12.83	(10.19 - 16.03)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	8.72	(7.17 - 10.56)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	12.19	(10.39 - 14.26)	--
North Carolina¹	6.70^a	(5.66 - 7.92)	8.01	(7.16 - 8.96)	0.029
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	8.17	(6.25 - 10.61)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	7.69	(5.91 - 9.94)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	7.98	(6.09 - 10.39)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	8.27	(6.16 - 11.00)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	7.69^a	(5.65 - 10.38)	10.29	(8.18 - 12.87)	0.014
CenterPoint Human Services	6.06^a	(4.22 - 8.63)	8.65	(6.52 - 11.37)	0.005
Eastpointe	7.46	(5.36 - 10.30)	7.16	(5.50 - 9.28)	0.740
Partners Behavioral Health Management	6.29	(4.67 - 8.42)	6.82	(5.19 - 8.92)	0.493
Sandhills Center 1	6.73	(4.61 - 9.73)	6.51	(4.79 - 8.79)	0.795
Sandhills Center 2	7.23^a	(5.12 - 10.10)	9.18	(6.97 - 12.01)	0.047
Smoky Mountain Center 1	5.04^a	(3.49 - 7.23)	7.86	(5.96 - 10.29)	0.001
Smoky Mountain Center 2	7.11	(5.06 - 9.92)	8.20	(5.95 - 11.20)	0.245
Trillium Health Resources 1	7.97	(5.67 - 11.11)	7.37	(5.64 - 9.59)	0.526
Trillium Health Resources 2	6.86	(4.83 - 9.68)	7.82	(5.91 - 10.28)	0.267
North Dakota	4.25^a	(3.55 - 5.09)	6.95	(5.95 - 8.10)	0.000
Badlands and West Central	4.00^a	(3.00 - 5.33)	5.55	(4.28 - 7.16)	0.011
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	5.50	(3.81 - 7.89)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	5.56	(4.15 - 7.41)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	7.52	(5.27 - 10.62)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	7.35	(5.40 - 9.94)	--
Northeast	4.76^a	(3.47 - 6.50)	6.95	(5.20 - 9.23)	0.004
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	7.14	(5.09 - 9.93)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	5.73	(4.07 - 8.02)	--
Southeast	4.80^a	(3.75 - 6.13)	8.30	(6.67 - 10.29)	0.000
Ohio	5.93^a	(5.41 - 6.49)	8.41	(7.68 - 9.20)	0.000
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	4.53^a	(3.45 - 5.94)	6.72	(4.93 - 9.10)	0.001
Boards 3, 52, and 85	4.54^a	(3.36 - 6.11)	6.06	(4.51 - 8.10)	0.009
Boards 4 and 78	4.72^a	(3.41 - 6.50)	7.15	(5.34 - 9.51)	0.000
Boards 5 and 60	6.32^a	(4.93 - 8.07)	9.55	(7.34 - 12.33)	0.000
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	3.96^a	(2.94 - 5.33)	6.97	(5.07 - 9.50)	0.000
Boards 8, 13, and 83	4.57^a	(3.43 - 6.07)	6.85	(5.08 - 9.19)	0.000
Board 9 (Butler)	5.84^a	(4.41 - 7.71)	8.79	(6.69 - 11.47)	0.000
Board 12	5.46^a	(4.13 - 7.20)	8.67	(6.57 - 11.37)	0.000
Boards 18 and 47	6.25^a	(5.22 - 7.47)	10.53	(8.78 - 12.58)	0.000
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	3.70^a	(2.67 - 5.11)	6.84	(5.12 - 9.08)	0.000
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	4.80^a	(3.57 - 6.41)	6.91	(5.26 - 9.02)	0.002
Boards 22, 74, and 87	6.18^a	(4.70 - 8.07)	8.64	(6.78 - 10.94)	0.002
Boards 23 and 45	5.42^a	(4.05 - 7.23)	6.75	(4.98 - 9.09)	0.041
Board 25 (Franklin)	8.57^b	(7.09 - 10.32)	10.12	(8.42 - 12.14)	0.090
Boards 27, 71, and 73	4.89^a	(3.63 - 6.57)	7.18	(5.41 - 9.48)	0.001
Boards 28, 43, and 67	6.03	(4.75 - 7.62)	6.59	(4.83 - 8.91)	0.439
Board 31 (Hamilton)	6.83^a	(5.40 - 8.61)	9.06	(7.15 - 11.41)	0.006
Board 48 (Lucas)	6.65^a	(5.16 - 8.54)	11.62	(8.97 - 14.91)	0.000
Boards 50 and 76	6.30	(4.92 - 8.04)	7.46	(5.72 - 9.67)	0.123
Board 57 (Montgomery)	6.25^a	(4.78 - 8.14)	8.78	(6.74 - 11.35)	0.001
Board 77 (Summit)	6.70	(5.23 - 8.54)	7.49	(5.70 - 9.80)	0.328
Oklahoma	6.05^b	(5.05 - 7.23)	7.09	(6.08 - 8.25)	0.090
Central	6.46	(4.70 - 8.82)	6.54	(4.83 - 8.81)	0.919
East Central	5.24	(3.65 - 7.48)	6.34	(4.51 - 8.84)	0.135
Northeast	5.46	(3.98 - 7.44)	5.99	(4.50 - 7.95)	0.465
Northwest and Southwest	6.62	(4.83 - 9.02)	6.24	(4.56 - 8.48)	0.641
Oklahoma County	6.64^a	(4.86 - 9.00)	8.77	(6.83 - 11.19)	0.032
Southeast	5.87^b	(4.27 - 8.01)	7.33	(5.56 - 9.61)	0.087
Tulsa County	5.78^b	(4.16 - 7.96)	7.42	(5.63 - 9.72)	0.053
Oregon	9.34^a	(8.08 - 10.77)	19.55	(17.79 - 21.45)	0.000
Region 1 (Multnomah)	13.18^a	(10.26 - 16.78)	27.15	(23.43 - 31.22)	0.000
Region 2	7.79^a	(5.98 - 10.09)	15.76	(13.18 - 18.75)	0.000
Region 3	9.36^a	(7.66 - 11.40)	19.38	(16.65 - 22.42)	0.000
Region 4	8.08^a	(6.05 - 10.71)	18.78	(15.13 - 23.08)	0.000
Region 5 (Central)	8.75^a	(6.20 - 12.22)	17.24	(12.88 - 22.69)	0.000
Region 6 (Eastern)	7.04^a	(4.99 - 9.85)	14.30	(10.99 - 18.40)	0.000
Pennsylvania	5.89^a	(5.38 - 6.45)	8.48	(7.72 - 9.31)	0.000
Region 1 (Allegheny)	7.54^a	(6.21 - 9.13)	9.95	(8.17 - 12.08)	0.009
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	5.36^a	(4.09 - 7.00)	7.22	(5.51 - 9.41)	0.011
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	5.19^a	(4.02 - 6.67)	7.41	(5.56 - 9.81)	0.002
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	5.49^b	(4.05 - 7.40)	6.65	(5.10 - 8.63)	0.099
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	5.61^a	(4.34 - 7.22)	8.72	(6.82 - 11.10)	0.000
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	6.81^a	(5.75 - 8.05)	8.66	(7.33 - 10.21)	0.014
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	4.84^a	(3.65 - 6.39)	6.73	(5.03 - 8.94)	0.006
Regions 17 and 21	5.90^a	(4.48 - 7.73)	8.82	(6.47 - 11.91)	0.001
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	4.14^a	(3.18 - 5.37)	6.79	(5.54 - 8.30)	0.000
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	5.07^b	(3.93 - 6.51)	6.20	(4.62 - 8.29)	0.095
Regions 29 and 34	4.97^a	(3.75 - 6.58)	7.23	(5.39 - 9.65)	0.001
Regions 30 and 50	4.61^a	(3.47 - 6.09)	8.12	(6.13 - 10.68)	0.000
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	7.63^a	(6.32 - 9.19)	13.03	(10.76 - 15.69)	0.000
Rhode Island	11.08^a	(9.63 - 12.71)	15.39	(13.79 - 17.15)	0.000
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	14.98	(11.99 - 18.57)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	15.75	(13.05 - 18.88)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	15.32	(12.23 - 19.03)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	15.23	(12.42 - 18.54)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	16.19	(12.72 - 20.40)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	14.77	(11.27 - 19.14)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	15.53	(12.32 - 19.40)	--
South Carolina	5.75^a	(4.83 - 6.84)	7.33	(6.29 - 8.53)	0.011
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	7.26	(5.82 - 9.03)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	7.39	(5.81 - 9.36)	--
Region 3	6.37	(4.69 - 8.59)	7.21	(5.47 - 9.44)	0.330
Region 4	5.62^a	(4.23 - 7.44)	7.45	(5.81 - 9.51)	0.029
South Dakota	5.05^a	(4.20 - 6.05)	7.26	(6.27 - 8.39)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	8.79	(6.96 - 11.06)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	7.66	(5.63 - 10.33)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	6.24	(4.92 - 7.89)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	7.02	(5.19 - 9.45)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	6.76	(5.36 - 8.49)	--
Tennessee	5.21^a	(4.38 - 6.20)	8.33	(7.20 - 9.61)	0.000
Region 1	4.34^a	(3.02 - 6.19)	6.84	(4.94 - 9.39)	0.001
Region 2	4.38^a	(3.21 - 5.96)	7.14	(5.48 - 9.24)	0.000
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	7.66	(5.88 - 9.92)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	7.57^a	(5.62 - 10.13)	12.54	(9.45 - 16.47)	0.000
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	8.48	(6.69 - 10.70)	--
Region 6	4.78^a	(3.40 - 6.69)	7.60	(5.60 - 10.22)	0.000
Region 7 (Shelby)	7.09^b	(5.28 - 9.47)	8.73	(6.72 - 11.28)	0.090
Texas	5.05^a	(4.58 - 5.56)	6.15	(5.63 - 6.72)	0.001
Region 1	5.20^a	(3.98 - 6.78)	6.46	(4.83 - 8.58)	0.050
Region 2	4.63^a	(3.34 - 6.40)	7.74	(5.77 - 10.31)	0.000
Region 3	5.06^a	(4.34 - 5.88)	6.25	(5.45 - 7.15)	0.009
Region 3a	5.11^a	(4.23 - 6.16)	6.44	(5.43 - 7.62)	0.016
Region 3bc	4.96	(3.93 - 6.24)	5.90	(4.84 - 7.19)	0.121
Region 4	5.60	(4.25 - 7.34)	6.23	(4.74 - 8.14)	0.358
Region 5	5.12^a	(3.79 - 6.88)	7.53	(5.69 - 9.90)	0.001
Region 6	4.98	(4.18 - 5.93)	5.72	(4.84 - 6.74)	0.144
Region 6a	5.05	(4.18 - 6.08)	5.64	(4.71 - 6.74)	0.269
Region 6bc	4.47^a	(3.22 - 6.18)	6.37	(4.68 - 8.63)	0.002
Region 7	6.71^a	(5.63 - 7.98)	8.03	(6.73 - 9.56)	0.040
Region 7a	7.17	(5.73 - 8.93)	8.29	(6.60 - 10.37)	0.186
Region 7bcd	5.94^a	(4.59 - 7.66)	7.56	(6.04 - 9.44)	0.026
Region 8	4.46^a	(3.48 - 5.69)	6.05	(4.86 - 7.51)	0.005
Region 9	4.68	(3.45 - 6.31)	5.33	(3.85 - 7.34)	0.258
Region 10	4.09	(3.01 - 5.53)	3.95	(2.92 - 5.32)	0.744
Region 11	3.74^b	(3.00 - 4.64)	4.44	(3.57 - 5.53)	0.085
Region 11abd	4.11	(3.15 - 5.35)	4.34	(3.28 - 5.72)	0.639
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	3.05^a	(2.21 - 4.18)	4.61	(3.42 - 6.20)	0.001
Utah	3.27^a	(2.64 - 4.04)	5.95	(5.09 - 6.94)	0.000
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	3.27^a	(2.23 - 4.76)	5.05	(3.55 - 7.13)	0.002
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	2.63^a	(1.78 - 3.87)	4.65	(3.44 - 6.26)	0.000
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	4.34	(2.93 - 6.39)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	4.84	(3.37 - 6.89)	--
Davis County	3.52^a	(2.41 - 5.13)	5.10	(3.65 - 7.10)	0.009
Salt Lake County	3.58^a	(2.71 - 4.71)	7.97	(6.57 - 9.64)	0.000
Utah County	3.09^a	(2.20 - 4.32)	4.26	(3.16 - 5.72)	0.032
Weber, Morgan	2.89^a	(1.93 - 4.31)	4.82	(3.43 - 6.73)	0.000
Vermont	11.51^a	(10.13 - 13.06)	19.15	(17.36 - 21.07)	0.000
Champlain Valley	12.70^a	(10.79 - 14.89)	19.81	(17.19 - 22.72)	0.000
Rural Northeast	11.53^a	(9.14 - 14.43)	19.07	(16.14 - 22.39)	0.000
Rural Southeast	10.69^a	(8.41 - 13.51)	19.12	(15.74 - 23.03)	0.000
Rural Southwest	9.68^a	(7.45 - 12.49)	17.58	(14.35 - 21.35)	0.000
Virginia	5.49^a	(4.61 - 6.53)	7.00	(6.22 - 7.88)	0.006
Region 1	5.77^b	(4.35 - 7.61)	7.29	(5.90 - 8.97)	0.057
Region 2	4.77	(3.52 - 6.44)	5.78	(4.65 - 7.17)	0.146
Region 3	5.60	(4.26 - 7.33)	6.50	(5.11 - 8.24)	0.237
Region 4	5.30^a	(3.90 - 7.18)	8.34	(6.83 - 10.15)	0.001
Region 5	6.18^b	(4.69 - 8.10)	7.75	(6.35 - 9.41)	0.051
Washington¹	8.63^a	(7.41 - 10.03)	15.49	(13.92 - 17.19)	0.000
Region 1	6.62^a	(5.12 - 8.52)	14.40	(12.05 - 17.12)	0.000
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	13.38	(10.66 - 16.65)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	15.92	(12.21 - 20.50)	--
Region 2	9.48^a	(7.83 - 11.42)	16.00	(13.93 - 18.30)	0.000
King	8.87^a	(7.01 - 11.18)	16.70	(14.22 - 19.53)	0.000
North Sound	10.50^a	(8.04 - 13.62)	14.74	(11.73 - 18.36)	0.006
Region 3	8.77^a	(7.19 - 10.66)	15.48	(13.35 - 17.88)	0.000
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	14.32	(11.38 - 17.85)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	17.53	(13.24 - 22.84)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	15.14	(12.00 - 18.92)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	16.82	(12.57 - 22.15)	--
West Virginia	5.78^a	(4.90 - 6.81)	8.34	(7.21 - 9.64)	0.000
Region I	5.06^a	(3.57 - 7.12)	6.71	(4.82 - 9.27)	0.041
Region II	5.94^b	(4.28 - 8.21)	7.46	(5.60 - 9.86)	0.092
Region III	4.92^a	(3.45 - 6.97)	7.91	(5.82 - 10.65)	0.000
Region IV	6.47^a	(5.05 - 8.26)	8.80	(6.89 - 11.18)	0.013
Region V	6.12^a	(4.82 - 7.73)	9.72	(7.87 - 11.94)	0.000
Region VI	5.12^a	(3.77 - 6.92)	7.27	(5.55 - 9.48)	0.010
Wisconsin	5.90^a	(4.98 - 6.97)	8.38	(7.23 - 9.69)	0.000
Milwaukee	7.11^a	(5.35 - 9.40)	9.76	(7.55 - 12.52)	0.010
Northeastern	5.10^a	(3.85 - 6.72)	6.95	(5.30 - 9.06)	0.013
Northern	4.84^a	(3.40 - 6.86)	7.19	(5.28 - 9.73)	0.001
Southeastern	5.64^a	(4.22 - 7.51)	8.60	(6.73 - 10.94)	0.001
Southern	6.62^a	(4.97 - 8.76)	9.17	(7.22 - 11.56)	0.010
Western	5.83^a	(4.35 - 7.77)	8.30	(6.24 - 10.96)	0.003
Wyoming	5.29^a	(4.45 - 6.27)	7.46	(6.41 - 8.67)	0.000
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	5.00^a	(3.65 - 6.80)	8.24	(6.28 - 10.75)	0.000
Judicial District 2	8.98	(6.95 - 11.53)	9.52	(7.29 - 12.34)	0.624
Judicial District 3	3.81^a	(2.80 - 5.17)	5.79	(4.23 - 7.88)	0.001
Judicial District 4	4.59^a	(3.17 - 6.61)	6.32	(4.46 - 8.88)	0.012
Judicial District 5	4.34^a	(3.10 - 6.03)	6.08	(4.38 - 8.39)	0.008
Judicial District 6	4.64^a	(3.31 - 6.47)	6.79	(5.04 - 9.10)	0.003
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	6.22	(4.55 - 8.43)	7.28	(5.55 - 9.49)	0.216
Judicial District 8	4.71^a	(3.29 - 6.71)	6.71	(4.80 - 9.31)	0.007
Judicial District 9	5.75^a	(4.03 - 8.16)	9.53	(7.19 - 12.52)	0.000
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 3 – Cocaine Use in the Past Year among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	1.94	(1.84 - 2.03)	2.03	(1.95 - 2.12)	0.148
Northeast	2.31	(2.10 - 2.53)	2.38	(2.19 - 2.59)	0.561
Midwest	1.68	(1.55 - 1.83)	1.75	(1.62 - 1.88)	0.440
South	1.72	(1.59 - 1.87)	1.70	(1.59 - 1.82)	0.780
West	2.22^a	(2.02 - 2.45)	2.54	(2.36 - 2.74)	0.016
Alabama	1.18^b	(0.82 - 1.70)	1.60	(1.21 - 2.11)	0.059
Region 1	1.08	(0.68 - 1.71)	1.38	(0.92 - 2.06)	0.179
Region 2	1.27^b	(0.80 - 2.01)	1.82	(1.23 - 2.70)	0.061
Region 3	1.24^b	(0.75 - 2.07)	1.75	(1.12 - 2.72)	0.080
Region 4	1.12	(0.68 - 1.84)	1.46	(0.93 - 2.28)	0.162
Alaska	2.52	(1.90 - 3.34)	2.16	(1.69 - 2.77)	0.319
Anchorage	2.87	(1.99 - 4.11)	2.50	(1.82 - 3.44)	0.476
Northern	2.04	(1.33 - 3.10)	1.95	(1.26 - 2.98)	0.808
South Central	2.22	(1.48 - 3.33)	1.92	(1.26 - 2.91)	0.437
Southeast	2.86^a	(1.85 - 4.40)	1.91	(1.20 - 3.04)	0.027
Arizona¹	2.21	(1.64 - 2.98)	2.04	(1.58 - 2.63)	0.574
Central	2.10	(1.47 - 2.99)	1.94	(1.43 - 2.64)	0.644
North	--	(-- - --)	2.19	(1.37 - 3.49)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	2.19	(1.50 - 3.17)	--
South A	2.83	(1.84 - 4.33)	2.24	(1.42 - 3.52)	0.196
South B	--	(-- - --)	2.12	(1.28 - 3.48)	--
Arkansas	1.30	(0.91 - 1.84)	1.37	(1.04 - 1.81)	0.702
Catchment Area 1	1.23	(0.78 - 1.94)	1.37	(0.87 - 2.16)	0.553
Catchment Area 2	1.27	(0.78 - 2.08)	1.00	(0.60 - 1.66)	0.183
Catchment Area 3	1.41	(0.83 - 2.37)	1.30	(0.80 - 2.11)	0.679
Catchment Area 4	1.13	(0.69 - 1.84)	1.16	(0.70 - 1.91)	0.869
Catchment Area 5	1.22	(0.76 - 1.96)	1.25	(0.79 - 1.96)	0.893
Catchment Area 6	1.35	(0.78 - 2.35)	1.47	(0.83 - 2.60)	0.682
Catchment Area 7	1.29	(0.75 - 2.20)	1.20	(0.69 - 2.07)	0.714
Catchment Area 8	1.40	(0.86 - 2.29)	1.86	(1.20 - 2.85)	0.129
California	2.18^a	(1.87 - 2.53)	2.75	(2.46 - 3.06)	0.007
Region 1R	3.12	(2.19 - 4.44)	3.98	(2.91 - 5.42)	0.116
Region 2R	2.49	(1.76 - 3.51)	2.96	(1.95 - 4.46)	0.265
Region 3R (Sacramento)	2.30	(1.55 - 3.40)	2.10	(1.41 - 3.11)	0.568
Region 4R	2.24	(1.54 - 3.24)	2.28	(1.51 - 3.44)	0.895
Region 5R (San Francisco)	3.92	(2.56 - 5.95)	4.72	(3.17 - 6.97)	0.319
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	1.60^a	(1.09 - 2.34)	2.29	(1.62 - 3.24)	0.017
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	1.90	(1.29 - 2.79)	2.26	(1.52 - 3.35)	0.213
Region 8R (Alameda)	2.29^a	(1.58 - 3.30)	3.36	(2.44 - 4.62)	0.011
Region 9R (San Mateo)	1.70^a	(1.13 - 2.55)	2.33	(1.54 - 3.51)	0.036
Region 10	2.66	(1.86 - 3.81)	2.70	(1.80 - 4.03)	0.922
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	2.08^a	(1.71 - 2.53)	2.80	(2.37 - 3.31)	0.003
LA SPA 1 and 5	2.56	(1.72 - 3.78)	3.25	(2.26 - 4.65)	0.111
LA SPA 2	2.13	(1.49 - 3.02)	2.27	(1.56 - 3.30)	0.663
LA SPA 3	1.66	(1.14 - 2.41)	1.92	(1.30 - 2.82)	0.372
LA SPA 4	2.57^a	(1.76 - 3.76)	5.44	(3.81 - 7.71)	0.000
LA SPA 6	2.20	(1.49 - 3.23)	2.66	(1.74 - 4.06)	0.216
LA SPA 7	1.79	(1.22 - 2.64)	2.23	(1.45 - 3.41)	0.171
LA SPA 8	1.97^a	(1.35 - 2.85)	2.83	(1.99 - 4.00)	0.015
Region 12R	2.12^b	(1.46 - 3.08)	2.80	(1.81 - 4.29)	0.077
Regions 13 and 19R	2.07	(1.46 - 2.92)	1.90	(1.35 - 2.67)	0.555
Region 14 (Orange)	1.80^a	(1.31 - 2.46)	2.45	(1.78 - 3.37)	0.031
Region 15R (Fresno)	2.13	(1.46 - 3.09)	2.53	(1.71 - 3.72)	0.220
Region 16R (San Diego)	2.29^a	(1.68 - 3.13)	3.89	(2.99 - 5.04)	0.000
Region 17R	2.29	(1.63 - 3.21)	2.15	(1.48 - 3.14)	0.674
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	2.06	(1.46 - 2.90)	2.34	(1.63 - 3.34)	0.413
Region 20R	2.06	(1.42 - 2.99)	2.20	(1.49 - 3.23)	0.652
Region 21R	2.38	(1.66 - 3.42)	2.99	(2.04 - 4.35)	0.123
Colorado	3.44	(2.73 - 4.32)	3.24	(2.66 - 3.94)	0.639
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	3.02	(2.04 - 4.45)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	2.46	(1.52 - 3.96)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	2.51	(1.76 - 3.58)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	2.24	(1.35 - 3.69)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	5.88	(4.18 - 8.19)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	3.99	(2.90 - 5.47)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	2.42	(1.60 - 3.64)	--
Connecticut	1.82	(1.32 - 2.50)	2.29	(1.79 - 2.92)	0.113
Eastern	1.80^b	(1.13 - 2.87)	2.47	(1.56 - 3.89)	0.085
North Central	1.68^b	(1.10 - 2.55)	2.27	(1.57 - 3.28)	0.078
Northwestern	1.97	(1.25 - 3.08)	2.10	(1.37 - 3.20)	0.735
South Central	2.02	(1.33 - 3.05)	2.50	(1.71 - 3.63)	0.215
Southwest	1.66	(1.03 - 2.67)	2.11	(1.40 - 3.17)	0.157
Delaware	2.09	(1.55 - 2.81)	2.12	(1.65 - 2.71)	0.914
Kent	2.11	(1.37 - 3.23)	1.75	(1.09 - 2.77)	0.278
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	2.17	(1.53 - 3.08)	2.42	(1.81 - 3.23)	0.518
Sussex	1.84	(1.18 - 2.86)	1.70	(1.10 - 2.62)	0.665
Wilmington City	2.16	(1.27 - 3.66)	2.25	(1.31 - 3.85)	0.840
District of Columbia	3.32^b	(2.49 - 4.41)	4.26	(3.42 - 5.29)	0.100
Ward 1	3.39^a	(2.13 - 5.35)	5.17	(3.45 - 7.69)	0.038
Ward 2	4.57	(3.07 - 6.76)	5.62	(3.74 - 8.36)	0.265
Ward 3	3.47	(2.31 - 5.17)	3.90	(2.61 - 5.79)	0.536
Ward 4	2.47	(1.45 - 4.17)	2.80	(1.72 - 4.52)	0.543
Ward 5	3.16	(1.87 - 5.29)	4.35	(2.87 - 6.54)	0.118
Ward 6	3.43^b	(2.12 - 5.51)	4.96	(3.33 - 7.32)	0.082
Ward 7	3.23	(1.90 - 5.44)	3.26	(2.01 - 5.27)	0.961
Ward 8	2.54^b	(1.45 - 4.40)	3.78	(2.44 - 5.82)	0.081
Florida¹	1.83	(1.54 - 2.17)	1.93	(1.66 - 2.23)	0.583
Broward (Circuit 17)	1.56	(1.08 - 2.25)	1.42	(0.93 - 2.17)	0.561
Central I	--	(-- - --)	1.98	(1.53 - 2.55)	--
Circuit 9	2.12	(1.50 - 2.99)	2.00	(1.46 - 2.73)	0.685
Circuit 18	1.88	(1.29 - 2.75)	1.94	(1.33 - 2.84)	0.828
Central II	--	(-- - --)	1.82	(1.49 - 2.23)	--
Circuit 6	1.91	(1.30 - 2.80)	1.88	(1.31 - 2.68)	0.906
Circuit 10	1.60	(1.09 - 2.35)	1.72	(1.12 - 2.62)	0.637
Circuit 12	2.02	(1.31 - 3.10)	1.61	(1.04 - 2.49)	0.165
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	2.00	(1.41 - 2.83)	2.34	(1.67 - 3.28)	0.282
Circuit 20	1.90^b	(1.28 - 2.81)	1.41	(0.95 - 2.10)	0.054
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	2.11	(1.66 - 2.67)	--
Circuit 4	2.03	(1.38 - 2.97)	2.26	(1.52 - 3.33)	0.496
Circuit 5	1.52	(1.02 - 2.27)	1.60	(1.07 - 2.40)	0.750
Circuit 7	1.71^a	(1.14 - 2.54)	2.58	(1.74 - 3.81)	0.009
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	2.05	(1.34 - 3.14)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	2.62	(1.99 - 3.45)	--
Circuit 1	1.92^a	(1.32 - 2.77)	2.68	(1.77 - 4.04)	0.024
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	3.00	(1.99 - 4.49)	--
Circuit 14	1.98	(1.30 - 3.01)	1.93	(1.21 - 3.05)	0.853
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	1.79	(1.28 - 2.49)	1.59	(1.12 - 2.25)	0.483
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	2.24	(1.67 - 3.01)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	1.51^a	(1.01 - 2.26)	2.55	(1.80 - 3.60)	0.000
Circuit 19	1.76	(1.15 - 2.66)	1.56	(0.98 - 2.48)	0.453
Georgia	1.39	(0.98 - 1.98)	1.71	(1.38 - 2.13)	0.188
Region 1	1.26	(0.80 - 1.97)	1.49	(1.03 - 2.16)	0.364
Region 2	1.48	(0.89 - 2.47)	1.68	(1.09 - 2.58)	0.503
Region 3	1.42^a	(0.86 - 2.31)	2.17	(1.60 - 2.95)	0.046
Region 4	1.50	(0.88 - 2.53)	1.63	(0.98 - 2.70)	0.645
Region 5	1.46	(0.92 - 2.32)	1.49	(0.93 - 2.38)	0.900
Region 6	1.39	(0.86 - 2.24)	1.39	(0.89 - 2.16)	0.998
Hawaii	1.59	(1.14 - 2.22)	2.07	(1.59 - 2.69)	0.113
Hawaii Island	2.32	(1.44 - 3.73)	2.09	(1.28 - 3.40)	0.597
Honolulu	1.41^b	(0.97 - 2.07)	1.98	(1.44 - 2.70)	0.074
Kauai	1.88	(1.11 - 3.19)	2.11	(1.23 - 3.58)	0.578
Maui	1.70^a	(1.01 - 2.84)	2.60	(1.64 - 4.11)	0.033
Idaho	1.16	(0.85 - 1.58)	1.27	(0.94 - 1.72)	0.504
Region 1	1.11	(0.69 - 1.78)	1.30	(0.78 - 2.14)	0.417
Region 2	1.29	(0.80 - 2.09)	1.70	(1.03 - 2.80)	0.137
Region 3	1.05	(0.67 - 1.65)	1.05	(0.62 - 1.77)	0.983
Region 4	1.25	(0.84 - 1.85)	1.59	(1.05 - 2.38)	0.165
Region 5	1.09	(0.69 - 1.71)	0.92	(0.55 - 1.53)	0.361
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	1.17	(0.68 - 1.99)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	1.02	(0.62 - 1.69)	--
Illinois	1.88	(1.58 - 2.23)	2.02	(1.69 - 2.41)	0.502
Region 1 (Cook)	2.16	(1.68 - 2.78)	2.27	(1.80 - 2.86)	0.732
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	2.83	(1.77 - 4.48)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	1.98	(1.20 - 3.25)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	3.77	(2.29 - 6.14)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	2.57	(1.58 - 4.17)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	2.20	(1.37 - 3.51)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	1.77	(1.05 - 2.97)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	1.93	(1.40 - 2.67)	--
Region 2	1.63	(1.25 - 2.13)	1.76	(1.40 - 2.22)	0.553
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	1.85	(1.24 - 2.74)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	1.65	(1.18 - 2.32)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	1.69	(1.05 - 2.73)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	2.03	(1.38 - 2.98)	--
Region 3	2.02	(1.51 - 2.71)	2.13	(1.55 - 2.91)	0.723
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	3.18	(2.03 - 4.94)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	1.95	(1.35 - 2.81)	--
Region 4	1.56	(1.06 - 2.27)	1.89	(1.33 - 2.67)	0.182
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	1.89	(1.16 - 3.07)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	1.88	(1.24 - 2.84)	--
Region 5	1.64	(1.15 - 2.32)	1.78	(1.28 - 2.47)	0.569
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	1.95	(1.30 - 2.93)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	1.64	(1.03 - 2.60)	--
Indiana	1.36^a	(0.98 - 1.88)	1.85	(1.45 - 2.36)	0.026
Central	1.31	(0.84 - 2.06)	1.72	(1.20 - 2.47)	0.128
East	1.30^a	(0.79 - 2.12)	2.00	(1.23 - 3.23)	0.013
North Central	1.31^a	(0.83 - 2.05)	1.86	(1.17 - 2.96)	0.043
Northeast	1.28	(0.80 - 2.04)	1.47	(0.91 - 2.38)	0.423
Northwest	1.38^a	(0.85 - 2.22)	1.97	(1.24 - 3.13)	0.039
Southeast	1.38	(0.86 - 2.22)	1.76	(1.12 - 2.76)	0.167
Southwest	1.30	(0.79 - 2.15)	1.49	(0.92 - 2.41)	0.463
West	1.67^a	(1.09 - 2.56)	2.56	(1.64 - 3.96)	0.017
Iowa	1.00^b	(0.70 - 1.41)	1.31	(0.99 - 1.73)	0.081
Central	1.10	(0.69 - 1.75)	1.35	(0.86 - 2.11)	0.278
North Central	1.05^b	(0.65 - 1.69)	1.49	(0.92 - 2.39)	0.078
Northeast	1.02^b	(0.65 - 1.60)	1.40	(0.91 - 2.15)	0.093
Northwest	0.95	(0.60 - 1.50)	1.13	(0.69 - 1.85)	0.353
Southeast	0.95	(0.60 - 1.51)	1.20	(0.76 - 1.90)	0.218
Southwest	0.88^a	(0.52 - 1.48)	1.30	(0.77 - 2.17)	0.039
Kansas	1.48	(1.08 - 2.03)	1.48	(1.12 - 1.97)	0.996
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	1.61	(1.13 - 2.29)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	1.59	(0.94 - 2.66)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	1.32	(0.84 - 2.05)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	1.30	(0.76 - 2.20)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	1.31	(0.79 - 2.17)	--
Kentucky¹	1.28^b	(0.92 - 1.79)	1.68	(1.31 - 2.15)	0.065
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	1.07^b	(0.67 - 1.70)	1.44	(0.91 - 2.28)	0.088
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	1.38^b	(0.90 - 2.11)	1.95	(1.36 - 2.78)	0.060
Centerstone	1.33^b	(0.84 - 2.11)	1.88	(1.28 - 2.74)	0.060
Communicare and River Valley	1.32	(0.80 - 2.15)	1.53	(0.93 - 2.51)	0.377
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	1.30	(0.80 - 2.09)	1.31	(0.79 - 2.16)	0.957
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	1.21	(0.76 - 1.94)	1.36	(0.84 - 2.21)	0.527
Louisiana	1.83^a	(1.34 - 2.49)	1.37	(1.01 - 1.85)	0.043
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	1.74	(1.14 - 2.64)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	2.08	(1.25 - 3.44)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	1.91^b	(1.16 - 3.13)	1.34	(0.80 - 2.24)	0.053
Regions 2 and 9	1.68	(1.09 - 2.58)	1.45	(0.95 - 2.22)	0.413
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	1.23	(0.72 - 2.12)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	1.71	(1.11 - 2.61)	1.27	(0.82 - 1.97)	0.101
Regions 7 and 8	1.84^a	(1.19 - 2.83)	1.09	(0.66 - 1.78)	0.002
Maine	2.10	(1.61 - 2.74)	1.93	(1.52 - 2.45)	0.511
Aroostook/Downeast	1.80	(1.18 - 2.72)	1.73	(1.16 - 2.59)	0.827
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	1.58	(0.95 - 2.60)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	1.86	(1.13 - 3.05)	--
Central	1.92	(1.24 - 2.98)	1.57	(1.00 - 2.47)	0.248
Cumberland	2.60	(1.80 - 3.76)	2.01	(1.38 - 2.92)	0.113
Midcoast	2.19	(1.42 - 3.38)	1.82	(1.16 - 2.86)	0.266
Penquis	2.17	(1.44 - 3.27)	2.42	(1.61 - 3.64)	0.514
Western	1.97	(1.30 - 2.98)	2.07	(1.33 - 3.21)	0.786
York	1.81	(1.18 - 2.76)	1.81	(1.19 - 2.73)	0.999
Maryland	1.68	(1.18 - 2.38)	2.02	(1.56 - 2.61)	0.198
Anne Arundel	1.80	(1.12 - 2.89)	1.93	(1.16 - 3.19)	0.702
Baltimore City	2.15	(1.21 - 3.78)	2.28	(1.42 - 3.65)	0.784
Baltimore County	1.58^a	(0.93 - 2.65)	2.37	(1.48 - 3.79)	0.023
Montgomery	1.30^b	(0.81 - 2.11)	1.80	(1.17 - 2.75)	0.065
North Central	1.50	(0.93 - 2.40)	1.88	(1.16 - 3.04)	0.190
Northeast	1.68^b	(1.06 - 2.67)	2.40	(1.45 - 3.94)	0.055
Prince George's	1.64	(0.96 - 2.79)	1.73	(1.09 - 2.72)	0.791
South	1.99	(1.21 - 3.26)	1.95	(1.21 - 3.12)	0.896
West	1.69	(1.04 - 2.73)	2.04	(1.31 - 3.19)	0.283
Massachusetts	2.64	(2.06 - 3.38)	3.04	(2.46 - 3.76)	0.252
Boston	3.00^a	(1.96 - 4.58)	4.27	(2.91 - 6.24)	0.041
Central	2.74	(1.85 - 4.04)	2.94	(1.94 - 4.42)	0.660
Metrowest	2.34	(1.64 - 3.31)	2.62	(1.85 - 3.70)	0.487
Northeast	2.43	(1.64 - 3.58)	2.37	(1.59 - 3.51)	0.880
Southeast	2.43^a	(1.65 - 3.57)	3.44	(2.36 - 5.00)	0.042
Western	3.40	(2.23 - 5.16)	3.12	(2.10 - 4.62)	0.614
Michigan¹	1.83	(1.56 - 2.15)	1.78	(1.50 - 2.11)	0.752
Region 1	1.99	(1.39 - 2.86)	1.71	(1.07 - 2.74)	0.351
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	1.51	(0.97 - 2.34)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	1.66	(1.16 - 2.38)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	1.55	(1.05 - 2.29)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	2.00	(1.49 - 2.67)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	1.70	(1.15 - 2.51)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	1.70	(1.19 - 2.43)	--
Region 8	1.69	(1.23 - 2.32)	1.94	(1.35 - 2.77)	0.356
Region 9	1.83	(1.30 - 2.57)	1.76	(1.20 - 2.56)	0.791
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	2.00	(1.33 - 3.00)	--
Minnesota	1.76	(1.33 - 2.33)	2.00	(1.57 - 2.55)	0.297
Regions 1 and 2	1.68	(1.07 - 2.63)	1.75	(1.15 - 2.66)	0.806
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	1.86	(1.10 - 3.13)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	1.68	(0.98 - 2.84)	--
Regions 3 and 4	1.66	(1.11 - 2.48)	1.66	(1.14 - 2.41)	0.999
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	1.67	(0.99 - 2.80)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	1.65	(1.05 - 2.59)	--
Regions 5 and 6	1.51	(1.00 - 2.27)	1.65	(1.14 - 2.38)	0.565
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	1.74	(1.09 - 2.74)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	1.56	(0.97 - 2.50)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	2.27	(1.72 - 2.98)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	1.96^a	(1.26 - 3.03)	2.78	(1.94 - 3.97)	0.048
Region 7B (Ramsey)	1.90	(1.19 - 3.01)	2.35	(1.49 - 3.68)	0.206
Region 7C	1.83	(1.22 - 2.74)	1.72	(1.13 - 2.60)	0.702
Mississippi	1.42	(0.99 - 2.04)	1.34	(0.97 - 1.85)	0.687
Region 1	1.63	(1.03 - 2.55)	1.56	(0.99 - 2.43)	0.805
Region 2	1.50	(0.84 - 2.66)	1.17	(0.68 - 2.00)	0.238
Region 3	1.27	(0.76 - 2.13)	1.29	(0.78 - 2.14)	0.929
Region 4	1.33	(0.80 - 2.19)	1.21	(0.72 - 2.01)	0.628
Region 5	1.24	(0.69 - 2.22)	1.29	(0.71 - 2.33)	0.863
Region 6	1.36	(0.81 - 2.26)	1.22	(0.72 - 2.07)	0.565
Region 7	1.44	(0.89 - 2.33)	1.45	(0.89 - 2.36)	0.970
Missouri	1.78^a	(1.31 - 2.41)	1.28	(0.97 - 1.68)	0.018
Central	1.68	(1.07 - 2.64)	1.29	(0.82 - 2.01)	0.119
Eastern	1.97^a	(1.35 - 2.87)	1.43	(1.00 - 2.03)	0.049
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	1.86	(1.16 - 2.94)	1.48	(0.94 - 2.31)	0.233
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	2.17^a	(1.37 - 3.42)	1.34	(0.85 - 2.12)	0.011
Northwest	1.76^a	(1.20 - 2.56)	1.24	(0.83 - 1.83)	0.022
Northwest (Jackson)	1.86	(1.16 - 2.98)	1.42	(0.87 - 2.30)	0.147
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	1.67^a	(1.08 - 2.58)	1.08	(0.64 - 1.83)	0.014
Southeast	1.51^b	(0.95 - 2.40)	1.11	(0.66 - 1.84)	0.076
Southwest	1.66^a	(1.09 - 2.51)	1.15	(0.71 - 1.85)	0.033
Montana	2.04	(1.56 - 2.66)	1.95	(1.55 - 2.46)	0.730
Region 1	1.72	(1.10 - 2.69)	1.51	(0.91 - 2.49)	0.421
Region 2	1.84	(1.21 - 2.79)	1.55	(0.95 - 2.51)	0.316
Region 3	2.06	(1.40 - 3.01)	1.65	(1.10 - 2.47)	0.177
Region 4	2.02	(1.38 - 2.94)	2.30	(1.65 - 3.21)	0.430
Region 5	2.21	(1.54 - 3.17)	2.15	(1.51 - 3.05)	0.863
Nebraska	1.48	(1.08 - 2.02)	1.69	(1.31 - 2.18)	0.340
Regions 1 and 2	1.20	(0.79 - 1.82)	1.41	(0.93 - 2.13)	0.298
Region 1	1.15	(0.71 - 1.86)	1.41	(0.82 - 2.40)	0.257
Region 2	1.24	(0.75 - 2.04)	1.42	(0.86 - 2.32)	0.449
Region 3	1.37	(0.87 - 2.14)	1.67	(1.07 - 2.60)	0.259
Region 4	1.33	(0.82 - 2.16)	1.26	(0.76 - 2.07)	0.762
Region 5	1.61	(1.08 - 2.41)	1.86	(1.24 - 2.78)	0.392
Region 6	1.54	(1.03 - 2.30)	1.77	(1.26 - 2.49)	0.424
Nevada¹	2.46	(1.85 - 3.28)	2.29	(1.80 - 2.91)	0.604
Clark – Region 1	2.31	(1.65 - 3.23)	2.26	(1.71 - 2.99)	0.896
Region 3	2.50^a	(1.61 - 3.87)	1.77	(1.15 - 2.70)	0.038
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	1.84	(1.09 - 3.09)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	1.71	(1.00 - 2.91)	--
Washoe – Region 2	3.13	(2.13 - 4.58)	2.81	(1.87 - 4.20)	0.546
New Hampshire	2.54	(1.99 - 3.25)	2.48	(2.01 - 3.06)	0.829
Central	2.77	(2.03 - 3.78)	2.99	(2.28 - 3.92)	0.592
Central 1	3.11	(2.10 - 4.59)	3.81	(2.73 - 5.30)	0.225
Central 2	2.45	(1.64 - 3.65)	2.18	(1.47 - 3.24)	0.483
Northern	2.63	(1.73 - 3.97)	2.33	(1.53 - 3.55)	0.490
Southern	2.41	(1.82 - 3.20)	2.26	(1.73 - 2.94)	0.628
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	2.27	(1.56 - 3.29)	2.08	(1.39 - 3.10)	0.606
Southern 2	2.50	(1.80 - 3.48)	2.37	(1.72 - 3.26)	0.727
New Jersey	2.09	(1.54 - 2.84)	1.69	(1.33 - 2.14)	0.135
Central	2.21	(1.45 - 3.35)	1.71	(1.16 - 2.53)	0.138
Metropolitan	2.15	(1.40 - 3.28)	1.80	(1.21 - 2.68)	0.338
Northern	1.88	(1.24 - 2.85)	1.50	(1.05 - 2.13)	0.210
Southern	2.21	(1.45 - 3.37)	1.82	(1.25 - 2.65)	0.252
New Mexico	2.23	(1.71 - 2.90)	2.10	(1.63 - 2.70)	0.662
Region 1	1.82	(1.23 - 2.68)	1.59	(0.99 - 2.52)	0.423
Region 2	2.18^b	(1.42 - 3.35)	1.61	(0.99 - 2.61)	0.084
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	2.66	(1.90 - 3.72)	2.76	(1.99 - 3.84)	0.817
Region 4	1.99	(1.31 - 3.03)	1.97	(1.26 - 3.08)	0.946
Region 5	2.13	(1.42 - 3.18)	1.99	(1.36 - 2.91)	0.675
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	2.21	(1.36 - 3.56)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	1.80	(1.10 - 2.91)	--
New York¹	2.43	(2.07 - 2.85)	2.67	(2.30 - 3.10)	0.330
Region 1: Long Island	2.30	(1.71 - 3.09)	2.08	(1.50 - 2.87)	0.469
Region 2: New York City	2.29^a	(1.84 - 2.85)	3.11	(2.57 - 3.76)	0.009
Region 2A: Bronx	2.02	(1.35 - 3.01)	2.02	(1.32 - 3.09)	0.995
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	2.80	(2.02 - 3.88)	--
Region 2C: New York	3.69^a	(2.58 - 5.24)	5.89	(4.33 - 7.96)	0.006
Region 2D: Queens	1.70	(1.18 - 2.44)	2.18	(1.50 - 3.15)	0.133
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	2.49	(1.57 - 3.90)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	2.11	(1.50 - 2.98)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	3.12	(2.26 - 4.28)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	2.63	(1.60 - 4.30)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	2.53	(1.59 - 4.01)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	2.76	(1.73 - 4.38)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	2.84	(2.00 - 4.02)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	2.95	(1.96 - 4.39)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	2.34	(1.68 - 3.25)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	1.93	(1.35 - 2.76)	--
North Carolina¹	2.04	(1.50 - 2.77)	1.82	(1.46 - 2.27)	0.407
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	1.60	(1.01 - 2.52)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	1.54	(1.00 - 2.36)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	1.81	(1.13 - 2.87)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	2.02	(1.26 - 3.20)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	2.26	(1.40 - 3.64)	2.47	(1.63 - 3.71)	0.647
CenterPoint Human Services	1.91	(1.15 - 3.15)	1.49	(0.91 - 2.42)	0.159
Eastpointe	2.02	(1.18 - 3.46)	1.75	(1.10 - 2.77)	0.463
Partners Behavioral Health Management	1.92	(1.22 - 3.00)	1.80	(1.15 - 2.80)	0.717
Sandhills Center 1	1.84	(1.09 - 3.07)	1.48	(0.93 - 2.36)	0.237
Sandhills Center 2	2.19	(1.30 - 3.65)	2.50	(1.59 - 3.90)	0.481
Smoky Mountain Center 1	1.78	(1.11 - 2.83)	1.76	(1.12 - 2.74)	0.949
Smoky Mountain Center 2	1.96	(1.22 - 3.13)	1.52	(0.94 - 2.46)	0.128
Trillium Health Resources 1	2.29^b	(1.41 - 3.69)	1.68	(1.06 - 2.63)	0.076
Trillium Health Resources 2	2.27	(1.44 - 3.57)	1.99	(1.24 - 3.18)	0.433
North Dakota	1.02^b	(0.71 - 1.45)	1.32	(0.98 - 1.78)	0.095
Badlands and West Central	0.94	(0.59 - 1.49)	1.19	(0.77 - 1.82)	0.219
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	1.17	(0.67 - 2.05)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	1.19	(0.73 - 1.94)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	0.98	(0.56 - 1.71)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	1.22	(0.71 - 2.09)	--
Northeast	1.22	(0.77 - 1.92)	1.45	(0.87 - 2.40)	0.390
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	1.28	(0.73 - 2.23)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	1.15	(0.69 - 1.92)	--
Southeast	1.16	(0.75 - 1.79)	1.59	(1.07 - 2.35)	0.106
Ohio	1.46	(1.21 - 1.74)	1.61	(1.34 - 1.94)	0.347
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	1.45	(1.02 - 2.05)	1.53	(0.95 - 2.43)	0.736
Boards 3, 52, and 85	1.16	(0.77 - 1.75)	1.34	(0.84 - 2.12)	0.387
Boards 4 and 78	1.31	(0.86 - 1.98)	1.50	(0.95 - 2.36)	0.401
Boards 5 and 60	1.51^a	(1.05 - 2.16)	2.54	(1.62 - 3.96)	0.002
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	1.12^a	(0.74 - 1.69)	1.67	(1.04 - 2.66)	0.019
Boards 8, 13, and 83	1.20	(0.81 - 1.78)	1.54	(0.97 - 2.46)	0.131
Board 9 (Butler)	1.24^a	(0.82 - 1.89)	1.71	(1.08 - 2.68)	0.044
Board 12	1.47	(1.00 - 2.15)	1.90	(1.20 - 3.01)	0.119
Boards 18 and 47	1.43	(1.00 - 2.03)	1.54	(1.05 - 2.25)	0.645
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	1.26	(0.86 - 1.85)	1.33	(0.84 - 2.10)	0.750
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	1.20	(0.80 - 1.79)	1.41	(0.89 - 2.21)	0.310
Boards 22, 74, and 87	1.47	(1.01 - 2.14)	1.76	(1.18 - 2.63)	0.244
Boards 23 and 45	1.38	(0.93 - 2.03)	1.34	(0.82 - 2.17)	0.863
Board 25 (Franklin)	2.01	(1.46 - 2.78)	1.72	(1.20 - 2.47)	0.343
Boards 27, 71, and 73	1.26	(0.85 - 1.86)	1.35	(0.85 - 2.15)	0.655
Boards 28, 43, and 67	1.31	(0.91 - 1.86)	1.46	(0.90 - 2.35)	0.513
Board 31 (Hamilton)	1.52	(1.03 - 2.22)	1.60	(1.04 - 2.46)	0.728
Board 48 (Lucas)	1.75	(1.14 - 2.67)	1.93	(1.22 - 3.04)	0.539
Boards 50 and 76	1.74	(1.18 - 2.57)	1.55	(1.00 - 2.41)	0.485
Board 57 (Montgomery)	1.51	(1.00 - 2.27)	1.89	(1.21 - 2.93)	0.175
Board 77 (Summit)	1.39	(0.95 - 2.03)	1.50	(0.94 - 2.37)	0.659
Oklahoma	1.37	(0.98 - 1.92)	1.61	(1.22 - 2.14)	0.262
Central	1.47	(0.92 - 2.34)	1.47	(0.90 - 2.40)	1.000
East Central	1.39	(0.83 - 2.31)	1.29	(0.75 - 2.19)	0.666
Northeast	1.29	(0.80 - 2.05)	1.48	(0.92 - 2.39)	0.417
Northwest and Southwest	1.44	(0.91 - 2.26)	1.39	(0.83 - 2.32)	0.869
Oklahoma County	1.40^b	(0.86 - 2.28)	1.98	(1.29 - 3.03)	0.065
Southeast	1.22	(0.77 - 1.95)	1.56	(0.98 - 2.48)	0.174
Tulsa County	1.39	(0.87 - 2.20)	1.87	(1.19 - 2.92)	0.111
Oregon	2.32^a	(1.80 - 3.00)	3.15	(2.59 - 3.83)	0.017
Region 1 (Multnomah)	3.09^a	(2.06 - 4.61)	4.64	(3.34 - 6.43)	0.029
Region 2	1.82^a	(1.23 - 2.70)	2.58	(1.84 - 3.60)	0.040
Region 3	2.49	(1.81 - 3.41)	3.03	(2.24 - 4.10)	0.188
Region 4	1.96^b	(1.30 - 2.96)	2.73	(1.81 - 4.08)	0.059
Region 5 (Central)	2.24	(1.42 - 3.52)	2.56	(1.59 - 4.08)	0.421
Region 6 (Eastern)	1.99	(1.29 - 3.06)	2.57	(1.61 - 4.10)	0.137
Pennsylvania	2.10	(1.76 - 2.50)	2.05	(1.75 - 2.40)	0.829
Region 1 (Allegheny)	2.58	(1.82 - 3.63)	2.46	(1.79 - 3.37)	0.758
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	2.15	(1.45 - 3.18)	1.66	(1.06 - 2.59)	0.106
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	1.99	(1.41 - 2.80)	1.58	(1.00 - 2.47)	0.143
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	1.91^b	(1.25 - 2.89)	1.43	(0.93 - 2.21)	0.066
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	2.08	(1.45 - 2.98)	2.63	(1.81 - 3.81)	0.126
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	2.16	(1.62 - 2.87)	2.09	(1.56 - 2.79)	0.819
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	1.69	(1.15 - 2.48)	1.79	(1.17 - 2.74)	0.717
Regions 17 and 21	2.15	(1.45 - 3.19)	2.56	(1.61 - 4.05)	0.272
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	1.81	(1.28 - 2.57)	1.67	(1.17 - 2.38)	0.581
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	1.73	(1.19 - 2.50)	1.82	(1.19 - 2.76)	0.759
Regions 29 and 34	1.83	(1.25 - 2.66)	1.70	(1.06 - 2.70)	0.644
Regions 30 and 50	2.10	(1.45 - 3.03)	1.77	(1.14 - 2.73)	0.274
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	2.50	(1.73 - 3.60)	2.87	(2.00 - 4.12)	0.438
Rhode Island	3.33^b	(2.55 - 4.33)	2.62	(2.08 - 3.31)	0.087
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	2.25	(1.45 - 3.47)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	2.42	(1.65 - 3.53)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	3.58	(2.42 - 5.26)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	2.03	(1.32 - 3.11)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	2.48	(1.57 - 3.90)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	2.90	(1.84 - 4.56)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	2.94	(1.99 - 4.30)	--
South Carolina	2.35^b	(1.71 - 3.22)	1.83	(1.41 - 2.36)	0.097
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	1.79	(1.23 - 2.62)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	1.56	(1.01 - 2.39)	--
Region 3	2.56^a	(1.58 - 4.11)	1.70	(1.10 - 2.63)	0.035
Region 4	2.90	(1.83 - 4.56)	2.19	(1.52 - 3.14)	0.158
South Dakota	1.16	(0.83 - 1.63)	1.01	(0.71 - 1.43)	0.352
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	1.04	(0.62 - 1.73)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	0.90	(0.50 - 1.63)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	1.00	(0.63 - 1.57)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	1.12	(0.64 - 1.94)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	0.97	(0.60 - 1.56)	--
Tennessee	1.46	(1.03 - 2.06)	1.74	(1.33 - 2.27)	0.230
Region 1	1.26	(0.76 - 2.09)	1.48	(0.91 - 2.41)	0.362
Region 2	1.50	(0.96 - 2.35)	1.52	(0.97 - 2.37)	0.945
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	1.80	(1.14 - 2.81)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	1.92	(1.14 - 3.23)	2.41	(1.47 - 3.93)	0.257
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	1.85	(1.24 - 2.74)	--
Region 6	1.41	(0.85 - 2.32)	1.62	(0.99 - 2.64)	0.426
Region 7 (Shelby)	1.50	(0.87 - 2.58)	1.53	(0.94 - 2.48)	0.933
Texas	1.79^a	(1.52 - 2.11)	1.42	(1.20 - 1.68)	0.018
Region 1	1.90	(1.35 - 2.67)	1.51	(0.94 - 2.40)	0.147
Region 2	1.62	(1.08 - 2.43)	1.55	(0.96 - 2.50)	0.781
Region 3	1.73^a	(1.35 - 2.21)	1.28	(1.00 - 1.64)	0.018
Region 3a	1.84^a	(1.37 - 2.46)	1.35	(0.99 - 1.83)	0.032
Region 3bc	1.53^b	(1.08 - 2.17)	1.16	(0.80 - 1.67)	0.074
Region 4	1.56	(1.05 - 2.29)	1.35	(0.87 - 2.09)	0.341
Region 5	1.62	(1.07 - 2.46)	1.74	(1.11 - 2.73)	0.668
Region 6	1.89^a	(1.45 - 2.47)	1.42	(1.06 - 1.90)	0.033
Region 6a	1.89^a	(1.41 - 2.51)	1.40	(1.01 - 1.92)	0.035
Region 6bc	1.95	(1.31 - 2.89)	1.61	(1.01 - 2.57)	0.258
Region 7	2.08	(1.60 - 2.70)	1.97	(1.44 - 2.69)	0.687
Region 7a	2.03	(1.45 - 2.83)	2.17	(1.47 - 3.19)	0.679
Region 7bcd	2.16^b	(1.51 - 3.08)	1.61	(1.07 - 2.42)	0.060
Region 8	1.64^b	(1.18 - 2.27)	1.27	(0.87 - 1.84)	0.075
Region 9	1.73	(1.18 - 2.53)	1.36	(0.84 - 2.20)	0.129
Region 10	1.64^a	(1.12 - 2.38)	1.17	(0.76 - 1.80)	0.027
Region 11	1.78^a	(1.35 - 2.36)	1.20	(0.84 - 1.69)	0.003
Region 11abd	1.80^a	(1.28 - 2.54)	1.19	(0.78 - 1.84)	0.008
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	1.75^a	(1.19 - 2.57)	1.20	(0.75 - 1.92)	0.023
Utah	1.29	(0.94 - 1.77)	1.55	(1.18 - 2.02)	0.226
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	1.24	(0.78 - 1.95)	1.30	(0.78 - 2.18)	0.767
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	1.08	(0.68 - 1.72)	1.24	(0.79 - 1.92)	0.418
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	1.18	(0.68 - 2.03)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	1.27	(0.75 - 2.17)	--
Davis County	1.33	(0.83 - 2.12)	1.26	(0.75 - 2.13)	0.800
Salt Lake County	1.36^a	(0.91 - 2.02)	2.03	(1.44 - 2.86)	0.030
Utah County	1.36	(0.89 - 2.06)	1.18	(0.74 - 1.88)	0.469
Weber, Morgan	1.18	(0.72 - 1.94)	1.32	(0.79 - 2.17)	0.561
Vermont	3.06	(2.46 - 3.80)	3.59	(2.96 - 4.34)	0.181
Champlain Valley	3.57	(2.75 - 4.61)	4.39	(3.39 - 5.67)	0.147
Rural Northeast	2.82	(2.00 - 3.98)	3.24	(2.29 - 4.58)	0.376
Rural Southeast	2.65	(1.82 - 3.86)	2.60	(1.80 - 3.76)	0.908
Rural Southwest	2.73	(1.83 - 4.05)	3.31	(2.27 - 4.81)	0.222
Virginia	1.80	(1.34 - 2.42)	1.80	(1.46 - 2.21)	0.982
Region 1	2.05	(1.38 - 3.03)	1.83	(1.27 - 2.65)	0.487
Region 2	1.55	(0.99 - 2.40)	1.48	(1.04 - 2.11)	0.816
Region 3	1.90	(1.26 - 2.87)	1.73	(1.16 - 2.56)	0.558
Region 4	1.89	(1.22 - 2.91)	2.41	(1.68 - 3.43)	0.172
Region 5	1.79	(1.16 - 2.77)	1.77	(1.21 - 2.57)	0.930
Washington¹	2.21	(1.68 - 2.90)	2.27	(1.79 - 2.87)	0.842
Region 1	2.18	(1.52 - 3.12)	2.05	(1.41 - 2.98)	0.697
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	1.85	(1.17 - 2.93)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	2.35	(1.44 - 3.80)	--
Region 2	2.26	(1.63 - 3.12)	2.48	(1.88 - 3.28)	0.526
King	2.29	(1.54 - 3.38)	2.82	(2.05 - 3.87)	0.226
North Sound	2.21	(1.50 - 3.25)	1.89	(1.19 - 2.99)	0.374
Region 3	2.16	(1.54 - 3.02)	2.11	(1.54 - 2.86)	0.862
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	1.91	(1.21 - 3.02)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	2.43	(1.49 - 3.95)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	2.20	(1.41 - 3.44)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	2.00	(1.18 - 3.37)	--
West Virginia	2.14^a	(1.64 - 2.78)	1.55	(1.19 - 2.03)	0.019
Region I	2.12^b	(1.37 - 3.27)	1.53	(0.93 - 2.52)	0.058
Region II	2.24^b	(1.42 - 3.50)	1.61	(1.02 - 2.53)	0.056
Region III	1.72	(1.09 - 2.70)	1.46	(0.90 - 2.38)	0.348
Region IV	2.94^a	(2.06 - 4.18)	1.65	(1.08 - 2.53)	0.001
Region V	1.98	(1.35 - 2.89)	1.51	(1.01 - 2.24)	0.127
Region VI	1.62	(1.05 - 2.51)	1.51	(0.98 - 2.32)	0.673
Wisconsin	2.31	(1.77 - 3.01)	2.05	(1.61 - 2.61)	0.347
Milwaukee	2.36	(1.54 - 3.60)	2.21	(1.42 - 3.44)	0.703
Northeastern	2.23	(1.52 - 3.27)	1.80	(1.18 - 2.75)	0.202
Northern	1.91	(1.21 - 3.00)	1.79	(1.13 - 2.83)	0.693
Southeastern	2.31	(1.55 - 3.43)	2.12	(1.42 - 3.16)	0.628
Southern	2.60	(1.74 - 3.89)	2.34	(1.62 - 3.38)	0.540
Western	2.25	(1.50 - 3.36)	1.90	(1.21 - 2.96)	0.328
Wyoming	1.34	(0.98 - 1.82)	1.48	(1.12 - 1.95)	0.497
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	1.36	(0.90 - 2.05)	1.61	(1.00 - 2.57)	0.386
Judicial District 2	1.67	(1.09 - 2.57)	2.00	(1.24 - 3.19)	0.369
Judicial District 3	1.13	(0.73 - 1.76)	1.38	(0.86 - 2.21)	0.281
Judicial District 4	1.20	(0.73 - 1.96)	1.21	(0.71 - 2.03)	0.979
Judicial District 5	1.22	(0.79 - 1.89)	1.23	(0.74 - 2.03)	0.985
Judicial District 6	1.34	(0.85 - 2.12)	1.34	(0.82 - 2.18)	0.994
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	1.51	(0.97 - 2.33)	1.49	(0.93 - 2.37)	0.945
Judicial District 8	1.17	(0.73 - 1.85)	1.32	(0.80 - 2.16)	0.516
Judicial District 9	1.37	(0.84 - 2.22)	1.56	(0.97 - 2.50)	0.487
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 4 – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	51.65^b	(51.18 - 52.12)	51.17	(50.75 - 51.59)	0.065
Northeast	56.68	(55.65 - 57.72)	55.83	(55.07 - 56.59)	0.183
Midwest	54.43	(53.55 - 55.31)	54.45	(53.78 - 55.12)	0.974
South	47.59	(46.73 - 48.45)	47.23	(46.69 - 47.78)	0.471
West	51.42	(50.35 - 52.48)	51.05	(50.36 - 51.75)	0.555
Alabama	42.67	(39.98 - 45.41)	42.34	(40.04 - 44.67)	0.844
Region 1	39.92	(35.58 - 44.42)	39.25	(35.60 - 43.02)	0.799
Region 2	45.21	(41.06 - 49.43)	45.28	(41.60 - 49.02)	0.978
Region 3	43.42	(38.57 - 48.39)	43.57	(39.24 - 48.00)	0.957
Region 4	41.85	(37.25 - 46.59)	41.02	(36.90 - 45.27)	0.765
Alaska	53.72	(50.88 - 56.52)	51.39	(49.05 - 53.72)	0.181
Anchorage	56.84^b	(53.04 - 60.56)	52.63	(49.36 - 55.88)	0.076
Northern	44.02^a	(39.55 - 48.58)	50.38	(46.35 - 54.41)	0.014
South Central	56.53^a	(51.33 - 61.59)	48.42	(44.52 - 52.33)	0.006
Southeast	53.86	(48.04 - 59.58)	56.21	(51.12 - 61.17)	0.440
Arizona¹	49.38	(46.37 - 52.39)	50.41	(47.93 - 52.90)	0.567
Central	49.66	(46.05 - 53.27)	50.14	(47.13 - 53.16)	0.826
North	--	(-- - --)	50.35	(45.17 - 55.53)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	51.01	(47.05 - 54.97)	--
South A	53.09	(47.37 - 58.74)	53.64	(48.76 - 58.45)	0.858
South B	--	(-- - --)	47.88	(42.48 - 53.32)	--
Arkansas	41.89	(39.21 - 44.62)	40.10	(37.82 - 42.43)	0.272
Catchment Area 1	47.31	(42.07 - 52.60)	43.23	(38.92 - 47.65)	0.147
Catchment Area 2	38.12	(32.69 - 43.85)	33.65	(28.42 - 39.32)	0.149
Catchment Area 3	39.56	(34.54 - 44.81)	35.60	(31.18 - 40.29)	0.179
Catchment Area 4	37.09	(31.50 - 43.05)	35.80	(30.89 - 41.03)	0.663
Catchment Area 5	43.53	(38.71 - 48.48)	42.17	(37.80 - 46.67)	0.648
Catchment Area 6	36.41	(30.73 - 42.50)	34.43	(29.22 - 40.04)	0.498
Catchment Area 7	37.24	(31.56 - 43.29)	39.05	(33.36 - 45.06)	0.550
Catchment Area 8	46.80	(41.81 - 51.85)	47.10	(42.76 - 51.48)	0.917
California	50.20	(48.69 - 51.71)	50.72	(49.64 - 51.79)	0.562
Region 1R	55.97	(50.44 - 61.35)	55.48	(51.50 - 59.38)	0.865
Region 2R	54.71	(49.54 - 59.78)	55.31	(50.60 - 59.94)	0.829
Region 3R (Sacramento)	49.94	(44.85 - 55.02)	49.20	(45.44 - 52.96)	0.779
Region 4R	57.45^b	(52.48 - 62.28)	52.87	(48.37 - 57.32)	0.084
Region 5R (San Francisco)	61.21	(55.48 - 66.64)	61.80	(56.49 - 66.84)	0.845
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	51.86	(47.25 - 56.45)	53.86	(50.07 - 57.60)	0.451
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	55.39	(50.10 - 60.55)	55.79	(51.44 - 60.06)	0.883
Region 8R (Alameda)	53.34	(48.39 - 58.21)	54.20	(49.96 - 58.39)	0.747
Region 9R (San Mateo)	57.83	(52.32 - 63.16)	58.33	(53.60 - 62.91)	0.860
Region 10	54.33	(49.26 - 59.31)	56.93	(52.19 - 61.55)	0.331
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	46.88^b	(44.68 - 49.09)	49.15	(47.33 - 50.97)	0.074
LA SPA 1 and 5	56.09	(50.41 - 61.62)	56.24	(52.08 - 60.32)	0.958
LA SPA 2	48.74^a	(44.12 - 53.38)	56.16	(52.36 - 59.89)	0.003
LA SPA 3	44.97	(40.53 - 49.49)	44.65	(40.56 - 48.82)	0.907
LA SPA 4	47.08^a	(42.17 - 52.04)	52.82	(47.78 - 57.79)	0.033
LA SPA 6	37.45	(32.51 - 42.67)	37.88	(33.32 - 42.66)	0.875
LA SPA 7	43.24^b	(38.52 - 48.09)	38.89	(34.35 - 43.62)	0.099
LA SPA 8	49.10	(44.15 - 54.07)	51.92	(47.68 - 56.13)	0.303
Region 12R	50.35	(44.56 - 56.13)	50.57	(45.62 - 55.51)	0.938
Regions 13 and 19R	45.80	(41.72 - 49.93)	49.33	(46.05 - 52.62)	0.113
Region 14 (Orange)	52.83	(49.21 - 56.41)	50.15	(46.81 - 53.49)	0.230
Region 15R (Fresno)	42.61^a	(37.54 - 47.85)	47.84	(43.50 - 52.22)	0.044
Region 16R (San Diego)	54.34	(50.74 - 57.90)	52.71	(49.57 - 55.83)	0.429
Region 17R	45.20^a	(40.79 - 49.69)	38.39	(34.69 - 42.23)	0.006
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	45.42	(41.36 - 49.54)	42.86	(39.01 - 46.79)	0.271
Region 20R	43.90	(38.61 - 49.34)	42.11	(37.88 - 46.46)	0.509
Region 21R	50.24^a	(44.81 - 55.66)	58.64	(54.16 - 62.99)	0.002
Colorado	62.54^b	(59.86 - 65.14)	59.67	(57.44 - 61.87)	0.067
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	61.49	(56.77 - 66.00)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	54.07	(48.44 - 59.60)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	58.14	(54.44 - 61.76)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	51.90	(45.92 - 57.82)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	64.07	(59.75 - 68.18)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	66.12	(61.81 - 70.17)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	55.21	(50.51 - 59.83)	--
Connecticut	59.54	(56.81 - 62.21)	60.63	(58.15 - 63.05)	0.520
Eastern	56.42	(50.54 - 62.12)	58.32	(53.31 - 63.17)	0.537
North Central	59.17	(54.95 - 63.25)	62.99	(59.06 - 66.76)	0.128
Northwestern	59.80	(54.96 - 64.45)	59.07	(54.52 - 63.46)	0.784
South Central	61.17	(56.60 - 65.56)	59.43	(55.10 - 63.61)	0.533
Southwest	59.85	(54.76 - 64.74)	61.48	(57.06 - 65.72)	0.565
Delaware	56.54^a	(53.61 - 59.43)	52.82	(50.27 - 55.37)	0.043
Kent	53.26	(47.77 - 58.67)	49.10	(44.25 - 53.98)	0.187
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	60.03	(56.34 - 63.60)	56.51	(53.37 - 59.60)	0.117
Sussex	54.52^b	(49.44 - 59.51)	48.97	(44.43 - 53.54)	0.073
Wilmington City	47.60	(41.75 - 53.51)	48.66	(42.39 - 54.97)	0.748
District of Columbia	62.40^a	(59.62 - 65.10)	66.66	(64.42 - 68.82)	0.007
Ward 1	64.57^a	(59.20 - 69.60)	73.83	(69.12 - 78.04)	0.000
Ward 2	77.90	(72.97 - 82.15)	77.25	(72.74 - 81.21)	0.772
Ward 3	79.00	(74.64 - 82.79)	77.46	(73.51 - 80.97)	0.484
Ward 4	57.58^b	(51.54 - 63.40)	63.57	(58.44 - 68.41)	0.051
Ward 5	54.84^a	(48.87 - 60.69)	62.20	(57.33 - 66.84)	0.019
Ward 6	64.29^a	(59.05 - 69.21)	76.09	(72.06 - 79.71)	0.000
Ward 7	47.79	(42.57 - 53.06)	50.26	(45.10 - 55.41)	0.413
Ward 8	46.06	(40.58 - 51.63)	49.56	(44.74 - 54.39)	0.224
Florida¹	51.01	(49.50 - 52.52)	51.53	(50.18 - 52.87)	0.587
Broward (Circuit 17)	52.14	(48.55 - 55.70)	49.27	(45.36 - 53.19)	0.223
Central I	--	(-- - --)	51.19	(48.50 - 53.88)	--
Circuit 9	52.10	(48.12 - 56.05)	50.52	(47.24 - 53.79)	0.502
Circuit 18	54.51	(49.92 - 59.02)	52.21	(47.93 - 56.46)	0.385
Central II	--	(-- - --)	53.25	(51.16 - 55.33)	--
Circuit 6	52.64	(48.23 - 57.01)	55.09	(51.01 - 59.10)	0.354
Circuit 10	42.57	(37.74 - 47.54)	45.09	(40.33 - 49.95)	0.373
Circuit 12	56.12	(50.55 - 61.53)	56.88	(51.86 - 61.76)	0.809
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	51.29	(47.50 - 55.07)	53.08	(49.33 - 56.80)	0.442
Circuit 20	56.43	(51.71 - 61.04)	53.85	(49.39 - 58.25)	0.346
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	50.93	(48.43 - 53.41)	--
Circuit 4	54.73	(50.23 - 59.16)	50.96	(46.72 - 55.19)	0.142
Circuit 5	48.21	(43.76 - 52.69)	46.81	(42.12 - 51.55)	0.619
Circuit 7	51.61^a	(46.54 - 56.65)	58.02	(53.35 - 62.56)	0.020
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	47.38	(42.40 - 52.41)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	51.45	(48.18 - 54.71)	--
Circuit 1	50.14	(45.12 - 55.16)	50.32	(45.34 - 55.29)	0.952
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	56.84	(51.79 - 61.75)	--
Circuit 14	46.06	(40.20 - 52.03)	46.20	(40.36 - 52.14)	0.965
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	43.96^a	(40.56 - 47.42)	49.52	(46.31 - 52.73)	0.010
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	53.15	(49.69 - 56.57)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	54.75	(50.25 - 59.18)	54.15	(49.83 - 58.40)	0.818
Circuit 19	51.11	(45.52 - 56.67)	50.94	(45.58 - 56.29)	0.956
Georgia	47.79	(45.12 - 50.47)	45.57	(43.77 - 47.38)	0.139
Region 1	48.45	(44.03 - 52.90)	44.74	(41.61 - 47.92)	0.132
Region 2	45.35	(39.87 - 50.95)	44.84	(40.71 - 49.05)	0.859
Region 3	52.67	(48.39 - 56.91)	49.63	(46.59 - 52.67)	0.212
Region 4	43.11	(37.10 - 49.33)	41.39	(36.16 - 46.82)	0.550
Region 5	43.23	(37.62 - 49.02)	42.58	(38.28 - 46.99)	0.825
Region 6	43.57	(38.25 - 49.04)	43.26	(39.30 - 47.29)	0.911
Hawaii	47.89	(45.08 - 50.71)	45.17	(42.75 - 47.61)	0.133
Hawaii Island	51.88	(46.26 - 57.46)	47.74	(42.71 - 52.82)	0.181
Honolulu	46.74	(43.57 - 49.93)	44.29	(41.45 - 47.18)	0.243
Kauai	48.73	(41.61 - 55.90)	46.39	(40.37 - 52.51)	0.519
Maui	49.91	(44.05 - 55.77)	47.05	(41.97 - 52.19)	0.357
Idaho	46.52	(43.84 - 49.23)	45.54	(43.24 - 47.85)	0.551
Region 1	54.51	(48.83 - 60.07)	49.70	(44.37 - 55.02)	0.140
Region 2	51.12	(44.70 - 57.51)	51.63	(45.97 - 57.24)	0.875
Region 3	40.20	(35.31 - 45.29)	40.01	(35.64 - 44.56)	0.949
Region 4	54.31	(50.03 - 58.53)	51.79	(47.95 - 55.61)	0.328
Region 5	42.94	(37.38 - 48.69)	46.07	(41.31 - 50.91)	0.312
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	41.94	(35.93 - 48.21)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	34.14	(30.03 - 38.51)	--
Illinois	54.26	(52.76 - 55.74)	55.61	(54.07 - 57.13)	0.193
Region 1 (Cook)	54.78	(52.37 - 57.17)	55.97	(53.67 - 58.24)	0.457
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	57.27	(51.70 - 62.66)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	46.02	(40.09 - 52.08)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	70.77	(65.25 - 75.74)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	51.04	(45.81 - 56.24)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	49.37	(44.35 - 54.40)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	40.21	(34.29 - 46.44)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	58.84	(55.54 - 62.06)	--
Region 2	57.17	(54.83 - 59.48)	57.92	(55.84 - 59.96)	0.623
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	59.01	(54.93 - 62.97)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	58.89	(55.93 - 61.78)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	51.94	(46.18 - 57.64)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	55.70	(51.47 - 59.86)	--
Region 3	52.14	(49.00 - 55.25)	54.20	(51.04 - 57.33)	0.309
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	59.08	(53.60 - 64.34)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	53.39	(49.87 - 56.87)	--
Region 4	49.20	(45.24 - 53.18)	51.71	(47.74 - 55.67)	0.307
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	52.17	(46.39 - 57.88)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	51.58	(46.86 - 56.28)	--
Region 5	48.40	(44.91 - 51.91)	50.74	(47.01 - 54.46)	0.287
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	53.72	(49.00 - 58.38)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	48.34	(43.15 - 53.57)	--
Indiana	48.16	(45.46 - 50.87)	49.97	(47.60 - 52.33)	0.271
Central	48.51	(43.94 - 53.10)	51.59	(47.78 - 55.39)	0.251
East	39.52^a	(33.43 - 45.96)	48.60	(43.03 - 54.21)	0.004
North Central	51.48	(46.14 - 56.78)	50.23	(45.24 - 55.21)	0.681
Northeast	49.24	(43.69 - 54.80)	48.26	(42.95 - 53.62)	0.746
Northwest	49.33	(43.59 - 55.09)	51.16	(45.70 - 56.59)	0.571
Southeast	44.98	(39.59 - 50.48)	45.84	(40.76 - 51.01)	0.783
Southwest	43.67	(37.63 - 49.90)	48.37	(42.84 - 53.93)	0.160
West	53.84	(48.77 - 58.84)	52.10	(46.93 - 57.22)	0.523
Iowa	55.92^b	(53.34 - 58.47)	58.59	(56.27 - 60.87)	0.097
Central	61.26	(56.61 - 65.72)	60.58	(56.38 - 64.62)	0.794
North Central	54.10^a	(48.58 - 59.52)	60.10	(55.29 - 64.71)	0.040
Northeast	59.82	(55.53 - 63.96)	58.85	(54.79 - 62.79)	0.708
Northwest	50.81^a	(45.43 - 56.17)	57.20	(52.48 - 61.80)	0.037
Southeast	53.49^b	(49.14 - 57.77)	58.62	(54.45 - 62.67)	0.060
Southwest	52.27	(46.26 - 58.21)	54.71	(49.42 - 59.90)	0.435
Kansas	53.80	(50.92 - 56.66)	56.01	(53.71 - 58.29)	0.195
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	59.12	(56.20 - 61.97)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	56.49	(50.97 - 61.85)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	53.04	(49.16 - 56.87)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	50.52	(44.12 - 56.90)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	50.12	(44.23 - 56.01)	--
Kentucky¹	39.03	(36.39 - 41.74)	39.23	(37.03 - 41.47)	0.904
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	27.98	(23.77 - 32.61)	29.96	(25.75 - 34.54)	0.438
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	46.47	(42.35 - 50.64)	43.76	(40.08 - 47.52)	0.270
Centerstone	47.02	(42.08 - 52.03)	48.92	(45.06 - 52.80)	0.500
Communicare and River Valley	36.87	(31.11 - 43.02)	38.19	(33.19 - 43.45)	0.675
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	35.63	(30.23 - 41.43)	33.58	(28.41 - 39.19)	0.495
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	26.65	(22.18 - 31.65)	27.38	(22.69 - 32.62)	0.791
Louisiana	46.97^b	(44.32 - 49.64)	49.81	(47.53 - 52.10)	0.077
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	55.20	(51.26 - 59.07)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	56.81	(51.84 - 61.65)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	53.37	(47.23 - 59.41)	53.34	(48.02 - 58.59)	0.994
Regions 2 and 9	50.30	(46.19 - 54.41)	52.31	(48.32 - 56.27)	0.444
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	45.77	(40.37 - 51.28)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	41.79^a	(37.44 - 46.28)	47.81	(43.88 - 51.78)	0.021
Regions 7 and 8	45.89	(41.41 - 50.44)	45.34	(41.23 - 49.52)	0.837
Maine	55.34	(52.49 - 58.16)	56.10	(53.57 - 58.59)	0.662
Aroostook/Downeast	50.39	(44.99 - 55.79)	48.85	(44.13 - 53.59)	0.604
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	49.19	(43.10 - 55.30)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	48.58	(42.22 - 54.98)	--
Central	51.44	(45.82 - 57.02)	53.75	(48.45 - 58.96)	0.486
Cumberland	61.72	(57.00 - 66.24)	65.55	(61.36 - 69.51)	0.151
Midcoast	57.60	(51.81 - 63.18)	57.15	(51.92 - 62.23)	0.891
Penquis	52.86	(47.08 - 58.56)	52.27	(47.32 - 57.18)	0.851
Western	52.23	(47.21 - 57.21)	49.59	(44.70 - 54.50)	0.379
York	57.21	(51.28 - 62.94)	59.02	(53.86 - 63.99)	0.580
Maryland	53.02	(49.95 - 56.06)	55.01	(52.66 - 57.34)	0.257
Anne Arundel	59.19	(53.26 - 64.87)	59.22	(53.71 - 64.51)	0.993
Baltimore City	42.46^a	(36.71 - 48.43)	51.83	(47.00 - 56.62)	0.003
Baltimore County	53.19	(46.87 - 59.41)	57.92	(52.58 - 63.08)	0.140
Montgomery	55.67	(50.20 - 61.01)	56.46	(52.00 - 60.82)	0.796
North Central	60.73	(54.95 - 66.23)	57.58	(52.45 - 62.54)	0.295
Northeast	55.30	(49.13 - 61.32)	54.99	(48.89 - 60.94)	0.925
Prince George's	49.58	(43.66 - 55.51)	53.37	(48.68 - 58.01)	0.231
South	50.73	(44.86 - 56.58)	50.11	(44.91 - 55.30)	0.843
West	53.90	(47.80 - 59.89)	52.38	(47.23 - 57.48)	0.637
Massachusetts	62.26	(59.64 - 64.81)	61.54	(59.19 - 63.84)	0.652
Boston	57.73	(51.83 - 63.41)	60.63	(55.54 - 65.51)	0.339
Central	61.68	(56.58 - 66.54)	57.45	(52.52 - 62.24)	0.129
Metrowest	68.29	(64.05 - 72.24)	66.82	(63.20 - 70.25)	0.542
Northeast	61.43	(56.66 - 65.99)	58.68	(54.40 - 62.83)	0.312
Southeast	60.60	(55.87 - 65.14)	60.91	(56.23 - 65.40)	0.913
Western	60.09	(55.16 - 64.83)	62.27	(57.33 - 66.97)	0.435
Michigan¹	54.55	(53.07 - 56.01)	53.72	(52.21 - 55.21)	0.405
Region 1	54.45	(49.28 - 59.54)	57.05	(51.25 - 62.67)	0.401
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	56.50	(51.74 - 61.14)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	54.52	(51.03 - 57.97)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	49.20	(45.26 - 53.14)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	53.38	(50.27 - 56.47)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	57.22	(53.25 - 61.09)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	50.37	(46.98 - 53.75)	--
Region 8	60.21	(56.80 - 63.53)	59.05	(55.45 - 62.56)	0.597
Region 9	58.90^a	(55.11 - 62.60)	53.85	(49.75 - 57.90)	0.039
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	49.22	(44.72 - 53.73)	--
Minnesota	61.17^a	(58.48 - 63.79)	57.91	(55.55 - 60.24)	0.045
Regions 1 and 2	58.44	(52.65 - 64.02)	54.39	(49.58 - 59.12)	0.179
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	52.77	(46.66 - 58.81)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	55.38	(49.00 - 61.59)	--
Regions 3 and 4	60.27^b	(55.51 - 64.84)	55.68	(51.55 - 59.74)	0.083
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	57.55	(50.97 - 63.88)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	54.69	(49.84 - 59.45)	--
Regions 5 and 6	57.46	(52.68 - 62.11)	54.64	(50.54 - 58.68)	0.298
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	52.54	(47.07 - 57.96)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	56.76	(51.39 - 61.97)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	60.32	(57.50 - 63.08)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	64.79	(60.30 - 69.04)	61.08	(57.08 - 64.95)	0.144
Region 7B (Ramsey)	55.10	(49.38 - 60.69)	55.71	(50.77 - 60.54)	0.832
Region 7C	65.28	(60.78 - 69.51)	61.58	(57.41 - 65.59)	0.145
Mississippi	40.09	(37.45 - 42.79)	38.72	(36.38 - 41.11)	0.392
Region 1	40.29	(35.71 - 45.06)	36.10	(32.30 - 40.08)	0.110
Region 2	36.56	(31.17 - 42.30)	35.89	(31.25 - 40.81)	0.818
Region 3	34.12	(29.57 - 39.00)	35.25	(30.82 - 39.95)	0.667
Region 4	44.77	(40.31 - 49.32)	44.51	(40.17 - 48.94)	0.924
Region 5	38.47	(32.84 - 44.41)	36.32	(30.28 - 42.83)	0.480
Region 6	43.84	(38.21 - 49.62)	39.19	(33.97 - 44.68)	0.119
Region 7	40.95	(35.70 - 46.41)	41.30	(36.73 - 46.03)	0.906
Missouri	50.35	(47.56 - 53.14)	49.39	(47.12 - 51.67)	0.553
Central	51.18	(45.87 - 56.46)	48.14	(43.69 - 52.62)	0.281
Eastern	52.59	(48.85 - 56.30)	55.04	(51.58 - 58.46)	0.256
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	52.23	(47.68 - 56.74)	53.97	(49.57 - 58.32)	0.510
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	53.21	(47.60 - 58.75)	56.84	(52.08 - 61.47)	0.228
Northwest	51.26	(47.12 - 55.39)	51.61	(48.07 - 55.14)	0.877
Northwest (Jackson)	50.53	(45.35 - 55.70)	53.32	(48.58 - 58.00)	0.342
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	51.89	(46.37 - 57.36)	50.19	(45.17 - 55.20)	0.574
Southeast	44.36	(38.72 - 50.15)	41.32	(36.23 - 46.59)	0.324
Southwest	47.61^a	(42.40 - 52.87)	40.56	(35.80 - 45.51)	0.022
Montana	58.99	(56.27 - 61.65)	57.31	(55.10 - 59.48)	0.305
Region 1	52.99	(46.87 - 59.04)	49.99	(44.11 - 55.87)	0.357
Region 2	51.97	(46.60 - 57.29)	52.69	(47.75 - 57.58)	0.810
Region 3	55.83	(51.27 - 60.30)	54.40	(50.38 - 58.35)	0.591
Region 4	65.17	(61.04 - 69.09)	62.15	(58.46 - 65.70)	0.217
Region 5	60.54	(56.24 - 64.68)	59.10	(55.37 - 62.72)	0.573
Nebraska	54.23^b	(51.49 - 56.95)	57.42	(55.14 - 59.67)	0.060
Regions 1 and 2	51.33	(45.91 - 56.72)	54.11	(49.12 - 59.03)	0.317
Region 1	48.95	(42.12 - 55.82)	54.56	(47.71 - 61.25)	0.111
Region 2	53.35	(46.34 - 60.24)	53.71	(47.50 - 59.82)	0.918
Region 3	49.19	(43.61 - 54.79)	53.22	(48.46 - 57.92)	0.186
Region 4	50.72	(44.72 - 56.69)	52.45	(47.10 - 57.74)	0.587
Region 5	56.26	(51.82 - 60.59)	60.24	(56.29 - 64.06)	0.132
Region 6	56.34	(52.52 - 60.09)	59.05	(55.93 - 62.10)	0.236
Nevada¹	54.22^a	(51.13 - 57.29)	49.81	(47.33 - 52.29)	0.016
Clark – Region 1	52.87^b	(49.32 - 56.40)	49.33	(46.48 - 52.18)	0.099
Region 3	56.99^a	(51.13 - 62.66)	49.05	(43.92 - 54.20)	0.010
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	54.10	(47.69 - 60.38)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	44.49	(37.84 - 51.34)	--
Washoe – Region 2	58.09^b	(52.89 - 63.10)	52.64	(47.81 - 57.42)	0.064
New Hampshire	64.33	(61.66 - 66.92)	63.46	(61.08 - 65.77)	0.591
Central	62.99	(59.13 - 66.69)	61.92	(58.26 - 65.44)	0.629
Central 1	63.35	(58.34 - 68.09)	63.74	(59.24 - 68.01)	0.888
Central 2	62.65	(57.55 - 67.49)	60.12	(55.20 - 64.84)	0.387
Northern	62.57	(57.11 - 67.72)	61.35	(56.37 - 66.11)	0.681
Southern	65.37	(62.25 - 68.37)	64.66	(61.83 - 67.39)	0.705
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	68.54	(63.90 - 72.84)	65.21	(60.93 - 69.26)	0.209
Southern 2	63.41	(59.66 - 66.99)	64.32	(60.86 - 67.63)	0.693
New Jersey	54.98	(52.11 - 57.82)	52.41	(50.42 - 54.38)	0.125
Central	58.23	(53.29 - 63.01)	56.34	(52.67 - 59.95)	0.477
Metropolitan	51.13	(46.46 - 55.78)	46.79	(43.16 - 50.46)	0.112
Northern	55.35	(51.06 - 59.56)	51.65	(48.46 - 54.83)	0.134
Southern	55.11	(50.20 - 59.93)	55.78	(51.96 - 59.54)	0.810
New Mexico	46.40	(43.74 - 49.09)	47.50	(45.08 - 49.94)	0.515
Region 1	39.09	(34.93 - 43.41)	40.95	(36.40 - 45.65)	0.486
Region 2	49.01	(43.49 - 54.55)	48.58	(43.44 - 53.75)	0.891
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	51.85	(47.71 - 55.97)	53.22	(49.49 - 56.91)	0.589
Region 4	42.66	(37.20 - 48.31)	44.71	(40.20 - 49.31)	0.482
Region 5	45.61	(40.72 - 50.59)	45.93	(41.94 - 49.96)	0.907
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	42.88	(37.41 - 48.52)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	48.64	(43.59 - 53.71)	--
New York¹	55.68^a	(54.06 - 57.28)	53.63	(52.23 - 55.03)	0.049
Region 1: Long Island	65.04^a	(62.00 - 67.96)	59.73	(56.53 - 62.85)	0.008
Region 2: New York City	50.95	(48.65 - 53.24)	49.59	(47.50 - 51.68)	0.348
Region 2A: Bronx	46.29^a	(41.40 - 51.25)	39.41	(35.47 - 43.50)	0.011
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	48.38	(45.00 - 51.77)	--
Region 2C: New York	60.40^b	(55.71 - 64.90)	65.19	(60.82 - 69.31)	0.070
Region 2D: Queens	46.45	(42.31 - 50.65)	44.82	(40.76 - 48.95)	0.539
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	52.48	(46.98 - 57.93)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	54.32	(50.87 - 57.74)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	60.96	(56.98 - 64.79)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	48.58	(42.24 - 54.97)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	50.60	(44.98 - 56.20)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	52.65	(46.92 - 58.32)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	54.63	(50.75 - 58.44)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	56.52	(51.79 - 61.14)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	56.36	(52.98 - 59.68)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	56.96	(53.33 - 60.51)	--
North Carolina¹	48.23	(45.51 - 50.96)	46.29	(44.31 - 48.28)	0.233
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	44.95	(40.23 - 49.75)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	54.63	(50.10 - 59.10)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	43.53	(38.68 - 48.51)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	46.49	(41.32 - 51.75)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	51.54	(46.15 - 56.89)	53.47	(48.71 - 58.17)	0.519
CenterPoint Human Services	44.61	(37.94 - 51.49)	46.25	(41.05 - 51.53)	0.622
Eastpointe	40.31	(34.38 - 46.53)	35.41	(31.03 - 40.06)	0.109
Partners Behavioral Health Management	47.53	(42.11 - 53.00)	43.83	(39.15 - 48.61)	0.219
Sandhills Center 1	42.37	(35.96 - 49.06)	39.21	(34.29 - 44.36)	0.335
Sandhills Center 2	52.84	(46.81 - 58.79)	48.98	(43.58 - 54.40)	0.195
Smoky Mountain Center 1	42.65	(36.28 - 49.26)	40.62	(35.74 - 45.70)	0.525
Smoky Mountain Center 2	47.30	(40.77 - 53.92)	52.16	(46.20 - 58.06)	0.146
Trillium Health Resources 1	47.05	(40.76 - 53.44)	44.22	(39.28 - 49.27)	0.369
Trillium Health Resources 2	50.63	(44.20 - 57.04)	50.12	(44.58 - 55.66)	0.878
North Dakota	58.54	(55.88 - 61.15)	58.71	(56.46 - 60.92)	0.916
Badlands and West Central	57.14	(52.58 - 61.58)	58.82	(55.22 - 62.34)	0.518
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	56.38	(50.44 - 62.15)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	59.55	(55.41 - 63.55)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	50.04	(43.87 - 56.21)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	56.70	(51.50 - 61.76)	--
Northeast	60.53	(55.50 - 65.34)	58.98	(53.82 - 63.96)	0.577
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	59.54	(54.10 - 64.76)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	58.25	(52.74 - 63.56)	--
Southeast	64.38	(60.79 - 67.81)	61.21	(57.63 - 64.68)	0.156
Ohio	52.21	(50.69 - 53.73)	51.19	(49.70 - 52.68)	0.314
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	47.97	(43.54 - 52.43)	51.34	(45.64 - 57.01)	0.278
Boards 3, 52, and 85	54.86^a	(49.45 - 60.16)	45.74	(40.72 - 50.85)	0.002
Boards 4 and 78	50.10	(44.45 - 55.74)	45.18	(40.32 - 50.13)	0.112
Boards 5 and 60	46.91	(42.07 - 51.80)	45.29	(40.00 - 50.69)	0.585
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	46.65	(41.75 - 51.62)	44.39	(38.84 - 50.08)	0.469
Boards 8, 13, and 83	53.72	(48.68 - 58.69)	54.57	(49.29 - 59.76)	0.769
Board 9 (Butler)	55.37	(50.22 - 60.41)	53.19	(48.08 - 58.23)	0.428
Board 12	53.72	(48.80 - 58.57)	50.45	(44.70 - 56.20)	0.295
Boards 18 and 47	53.75	(50.37 - 57.09)	52.23	(48.64 - 55.80)	0.503
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	52.06	(46.70 - 57.37)	51.88	(46.91 - 56.81)	0.952
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	50.24	(45.53 - 54.95)	49.28	(44.66 - 53.90)	0.726
Boards 22, 74, and 87	53.44	(48.31 - 58.51)	52.64	(47.62 - 57.61)	0.780
Boards 23 and 45	53.74	(48.65 - 58.75)	50.99	(45.51 - 56.45)	0.357
Board 25 (Franklin)	55.61	(52.04 - 59.13)	54.16	(50.76 - 57.53)	0.516
Boards 27, 71, and 73	39.90	(35.09 - 44.93)	40.65	(35.88 - 45.61)	0.796
Boards 28, 43, and 67	59.70	(55.35 - 63.91)	55.86	(50.65 - 60.94)	0.164
Board 31 (Hamilton)	54.62	(50.21 - 58.96)	56.11	(51.91 - 60.22)	0.564
Board 48 (Lucas)	50.76	(45.80 - 55.71)	49.92	(44.62 - 55.23)	0.764
Boards 50 and 76	49.72	(45.11 - 54.34)	51.35	(46.73 - 55.95)	0.542
Board 57 (Montgomery)	48.79	(44.01 - 53.60)	52.13	(46.99 - 57.22)	0.258
Board 77 (Summit)	56.26	(51.82 - 60.61)	52.84	(47.86 - 57.76)	0.216
Oklahoma	45.12	(42.30 - 47.98)	44.55	(42.14 - 46.99)	0.737
Central	47.14	(41.65 - 52.70)	49.28	(44.41 - 54.16)	0.473
East Central	43.34^b	(37.44 - 49.45)	38.16	(32.90 - 43.71)	0.093
Northeast	44.85	(39.48 - 50.34)	45.03	(40.41 - 49.73)	0.952
Northwest and Southwest	43.25	(37.77 - 48.89)	43.94	(39.28 - 48.71)	0.817
Oklahoma County	47.64	(42.41 - 52.94)	48.14	(43.69 - 52.62)	0.863
Southeast	41.46	(36.17 - 46.95)	42.52	(37.84 - 47.34)	0.724
Tulsa County	47.00	(42.10 - 51.95)	42.75	(38.10 - 47.53)	0.137
Oregon	60.67^b	(57.91 - 63.36)	57.56	(55.27 - 59.82)	0.060
Region 1 (Multnomah)	64.01	(59.05 - 68.69)	63.59	(59.48 - 67.50)	0.874
Region 2	62.87	(58.31 - 67.21)	59.42	(55.74 - 63.00)	0.177
Region 3	60.76^a	(56.71 - 64.67)	54.06	(50.21 - 57.86)	0.006
Region 4	55.07	(49.54 - 60.49)	54.17	(48.97 - 59.29)	0.769
Region 5 (Central)	63.83	(57.45 - 69.76)	61.39	(55.17 - 67.27)	0.434
Region 6 (Eastern)	52.05	(45.73 - 58.30)	52.96	(47.44 - 58.41)	0.775
Pennsylvania	54.45	(52.82 - 56.07)	55.72	(54.26 - 57.16)	0.236
Region 1 (Allegheny)	60.93	(57.25 - 64.49)	58.38	(54.65 - 62.02)	0.279
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	51.20^a	(46.47 - 55.92)	57.38	(52.76 - 61.88)	0.023
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	54.16	(49.83 - 58.43)	52.26	(47.53 - 56.96)	0.481
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	50.42	(44.85 - 55.98)	51.48	(46.92 - 56.02)	0.720
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	54.01	(49.71 - 58.24)	57.06	(52.48 - 61.52)	0.255
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	60.57	(57.62 - 63.45)	61.32	(58.38 - 64.19)	0.700
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	49.65	(44.89 - 54.42)	52.45	(47.46 - 57.39)	0.338
Regions 17 and 21	54.82	(49.53 - 60.01)	57.28	(51.72 - 62.67)	0.397
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	51.34	(47.23 - 55.44)	50.38	(46.87 - 53.89)	0.692
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	53.63	(49.12 - 58.07)	53.98	(49.08 - 58.81)	0.901
Regions 29 and 34	54.38	(49.41 - 59.27)	57.63	(52.71 - 62.41)	0.243
Regions 30 and 50	54.61	(49.74 - 59.39)	55.42	(50.63 - 60.12)	0.775
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	47.50^a	(43.82 - 51.20)	53.12	(49.18 - 57.02)	0.022
Rhode Island	60.38	(57.43 - 63.26)	59.25	(56.97 - 61.49)	0.513
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	60.34	(55.66 - 64.85)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	54.53	(50.14 - 58.85)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	52.23	(47.41 - 57.00)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	61.55	(56.79 - 66.10)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	62.63	(57.40 - 67.58)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	65.19	(60.18 - 69.89)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	66.12	(61.37 - 70.57)	--
South Carolina	45.57	(42.79 - 48.39)	47.89	(45.47 - 50.32)	0.179
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	46.04	(42.28 - 49.84)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	50.92	(46.92 - 54.90)	--
Region 3	43.52	(38.27 - 48.91)	43.19	(38.43 - 48.08)	0.914
Region 4	49.28	(44.58 - 54.00)	50.28	(46.24 - 54.31)	0.723
South Dakota	58.42	(55.81 - 60.99)	58.65	(56.28 - 60.99)	0.883
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	58.77	(54.80 - 62.62)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	54.67	(49.36 - 59.87)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	58.07	(54.03 - 62.00)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	62.50	(57.38 - 67.35)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	58.44	(54.73 - 62.06)	--
Tennessee	41.40	(38.57 - 44.29)	43.51	(41.17 - 45.88)	0.201
Region 1	40.22	(34.79 - 45.91)	37.54	(32.11 - 43.31)	0.394
Region 2	43.00	(37.93 - 48.23)	42.62	(38.31 - 47.04)	0.893
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	38.02	(33.41 - 42.85)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	47.07	(41.21 - 53.01)	51.58	(46.12 - 57.01)	0.149
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	46.55	(42.47 - 50.67)	--
Region 6	37.13	(31.80 - 42.79)	41.52	(36.28 - 46.95)	0.144
Region 7 (Shelby)	42.10	(36.75 - 47.64)	44.32	(39.76 - 48.97)	0.451
Texas	48.58^a	(47.08 - 50.09)	46.25	(45.09 - 47.40)	0.013
Region 1	48.87	(44.11 - 53.66)	48.42	(43.76 - 53.11)	0.865
Region 2	46.60	(41.39 - 51.88)	44.75	(39.27 - 50.36)	0.531
Region 3	51.81^a	(49.40 - 54.22)	47.23	(45.34 - 49.14)	0.002
Region 3a	51.38^a	(48.44 - 54.32)	46.45	(44.01 - 48.91)	0.007
Region 3bc	52.56^b	(48.93 - 56.17)	48.63	(45.78 - 51.50)	0.061
Region 4	42.66	(37.79 - 47.68)	42.43	(37.96 - 47.02)	0.932
Region 5	46.25	(41.24 - 51.35)	44.16	(39.23 - 49.21)	0.479
Region 6	49.28^a	(46.61 - 51.96)	45.67	(43.33 - 48.03)	0.035
Region 6a	49.35^b	(46.47 - 52.24)	45.97	(43.43 - 48.53)	0.070
Region 6bc	48.72^a	(43.36 - 54.10)	43.09	(38.06 - 48.26)	0.039
Region 7	53.99	(51.04 - 56.91)	51.54	(48.63 - 54.44)	0.170
Region 7a	56.69	(53.08 - 60.23)	54.29	(50.46 - 58.08)	0.294
Region 7bcd	49.51	(45.02 - 54.01)	46.57	(42.40 - 50.78)	0.258
Region 8	46.91	(43.24 - 50.61)	48.68	(45.47 - 51.90)	0.424
Region 9	43.94	(38.79 - 49.22)	44.41	(39.33 - 49.60)	0.860
Region 10	44.69	(39.69 - 49.81)	41.00	(36.70 - 45.45)	0.169
Region 11	37.48	(34.32 - 40.76)	38.31	(35.37 - 41.35)	0.658
Region 11abd	39.96	(35.95 - 44.11)	38.52	(34.80 - 42.37)	0.544
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	32.92^a	(28.44 - 37.73)	37.97	(33.55 - 42.59)	0.046
Utah	26.36	(23.99 - 28.89)	27.44	(25.54 - 29.42)	0.482
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	24.51	(20.07 - 29.58)	24.34	(20.36 - 28.81)	0.944
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	22.93	(18.64 - 27.86)	23.91	(20.51 - 27.69)	0.664
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	22.21	(17.80 - 27.36)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	24.95	(20.71 - 29.74)	--
Davis County	28.72^b	(24.23 - 33.67)	24.58	(20.53 - 29.13)	0.097
Salt Lake County	31.08	(27.55 - 34.86)	33.85	(30.97 - 36.87)	0.208
Utah County	18.05	(14.92 - 21.68)	19.56	(16.57 - 22.95)	0.442
Weber, Morgan	27.67	(22.61 - 33.38)	28.98	(24.48 - 33.93)	0.639
Vermont	61.40	(58.85 - 63.89)	61.91	(59.36 - 64.40)	0.759
Champlain Valley	66.40	(62.79 - 69.83)	63.73	(60.05 - 67.25)	0.249
Rural Northeast	58.77	(53.93 - 63.44)	61.06	(56.88 - 65.08)	0.412
Rural Southeast	60.52	(55.71 - 65.13)	62.83	(58.21 - 67.24)	0.415
Rural Southwest	54.36	(49.05 - 59.56)	57.23	(52.29 - 62.04)	0.357
Virginia	51.39	(48.52 - 54.25)	51.58	(49.73 - 53.43)	0.905
Region 1	54.98^b	(50.07 - 59.80)	50.48	(46.75 - 54.20)	0.094
Region 2	52.11	(46.98 - 57.19)	55.29	(52.04 - 58.49)	0.250
Region 3	45.79	(40.89 - 50.77)	43.91	(40.05 - 47.84)	0.495
Region 4	52.36	(47.17 - 57.50)	52.49	(48.78 - 56.17)	0.964
Region 5	51.61	(46.91 - 56.29)	52.56	(49.05 - 56.06)	0.716
Washington¹	56.84	(54.14 - 59.49)	55.64	(53.28 - 57.98)	0.461
Region 1	53.31	(48.98 - 57.59)	50.34	(46.57 - 54.11)	0.204
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	46.89	(42.29 - 51.55)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	55.48	(49.90 - 60.94)	--
Region 2	60.23	(56.75 - 63.62)	58.93	(55.87 - 61.92)	0.526
King	60.85	(56.53 - 65.01)	59.45	(55.65 - 63.14)	0.576
North Sound	59.18	(54.07 - 64.09)	58.00	(53.45 - 62.41)	0.674
Region 3	54.46	(50.72 - 58.14)	54.47	(51.18 - 57.73)	0.994
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	54.30	(49.52 - 59.01)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	58.24	(52.00 - 64.22)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	52.81	(47.59 - 57.97)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	54.28	(47.63 - 60.78)	--
West Virginia	39.61	(36.88 - 42.40)	39.09	(36.68 - 41.55)	0.758
Region I	43.37	(37.24 - 49.71)	40.61	(35.31 - 46.14)	0.397
Region II	42.71	(37.06 - 48.56)	45.90	(41.10 - 50.77)	0.307
Region III	37.19	(31.55 - 43.22)	37.20	(32.03 - 42.68)	0.999
Region IV	40.71	(36.09 - 45.50)	44.47	(40.06 - 48.97)	0.182
Region V	41.22^a	(36.94 - 45.63)	35.07	(31.45 - 38.87)	0.015
Region VI	33.09	(28.45 - 38.09)	33.67	(29.24 - 38.42)	0.843
Wisconsin	62.67	(59.98 - 65.28)	61.66	(59.32 - 63.94)	0.547
Milwaukee	57.28	(52.18 - 62.24)	57.92	(53.49 - 62.23)	0.812
Northeastern	62.10	(57.63 - 66.38)	62.68	(58.30 - 66.87)	0.828
Northern	63.57^a	(57.13 - 69.56)	56.78	(51.41 - 62.00)	0.050
Southeastern	65.50	(60.95 - 69.79)	65.48	(61.30 - 69.44)	0.995
Southern	65.78	(60.98 - 70.28)	63.84	(59.89 - 67.61)	0.462
Western	60.59	(55.79 - 65.18)	58.68	(53.62 - 63.57)	0.517
Wyoming	53.38^a	(50.56 - 56.18)	49.97	(47.51 - 52.43)	0.048
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	55.14	(49.67 - 60.49)	52.52	(47.86 - 57.13)	0.391
Judicial District 2	56.44	(50.83 - 61.89)	58.97	(53.52 - 64.21)	0.377
Judicial District 3	46.68^a	(41.59 - 51.85)	40.21	(35.18 - 45.46)	0.038
Judicial District 4	56.33	(49.98 - 62.47)	52.09	(46.08 - 58.04)	0.192
Judicial District 5	49.96	(44.29 - 55.63)	48.95	(43.72 - 54.20)	0.756
Judicial District 6	57.33^a	(51.77 - 62.71)	49.27	(43.90 - 54.65)	0.012
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	53.95^b	(48.45 - 59.36)	48.89	(43.99 - 53.82)	0.097
Judicial District 8	50.36	(43.78 - 56.93)	48.53	(42.69 - 54.41)	0.579
Judicial District 9	55.56	(49.81 - 61.15)	52.79	(47.58 - 57.94)	0.389
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 5 – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Individuals Aged 12 to 20, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	26.54^a	(26.04 - 27.04)	19.27	(18.73 - 19.82)	0.000
Northeast	30.38^a	(29.58 - 31.19)	22.41	(21.58 - 23.27)	0.000
Midwest	27.26^a	(26.69 - 27.84)	21.06	(20.38 - 21.76)	0.000
South	24.97^a	(24.44 - 25.51)	17.70	(17.17 - 18.24)	0.000
West	25.44^a	(24.66 - 26.24)	18.00	(17.27 - 18.76)	0.000
Alabama	22.44^a	(20.42 - 24.61)	18.40	(16.34 - 20.67)	0.003
Region 1	20.18	(17.17 - 23.56)	17.16	(14.18 - 20.62)	0.122
Region 2	23.26^b	(20.35 - 26.45)	19.84	(16.50 - 23.67)	0.099
Region 3	25.26^a	(21.52 - 29.41)	20.50	(16.84 - 24.72)	0.041
Region 4	21.48^a	(18.21 - 25.16)	15.99	(12.81 - 19.77)	0.007
Alaska	25.25^a	(22.92 - 27.74)	18.41	(16.28 - 20.75)	0.000
Anchorage	26.46^a	(23.23 - 29.96)	18.59	(15.53 - 22.10)	0.000
Northern	22.18^a	(18.85 - 25.92)	17.21	(13.87 - 21.15)	0.024
South Central	27.08^a	(23.10 - 31.46)	17.95	(14.62 - 21.85)	0.000
Southeast	23.16	(18.96 - 27.97)	22.08	(17.60 - 27.32)	0.670
Arizona¹	24.46^a	(22.23 - 26.84)	17.28	(15.12 - 19.69)	0.000
Central	23.48^a	(20.74 - 26.47)	16.51	(13.86 - 19.55)	0.000
North	--	(-- - --)	20.00	(15.51 - 25.39)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	17.88	(14.80 - 21.44)	--
South A	28.22^a	(23.84 - 33.05)	20.26	(15.88 - 25.49)	0.003
South B	--	(-- - --)	15.29	(11.78 - 19.62)	--
Arkansas	21.82^a	(19.84 - 23.92)	16.42	(14.48 - 18.56)	0.000
Catchment Area 1	24.07^a	(20.24 - 28.37)	17.10	(13.51 - 21.40)	0.002
Catchment Area 2	19.93^a	(16.09 - 24.42)	13.90	(10.54 - 18.12)	0.006
Catchment Area 3	21.73^a	(18.29 - 25.62)	14.24	(10.93 - 18.35)	0.001
Catchment Area 4	19.11^b	(15.55 - 23.26)	15.24	(11.65 - 19.68)	0.070
Catchment Area 5	25.97^a	(22.03 - 30.34)	20.94	(16.91 - 25.63)	0.046
Catchment Area 6	19.19^a	(15.56 - 23.43)	13.14	(9.70 - 17.56)	0.006
Catchment Area 7	20.27^b	(16.24 - 25.00)	16.23	(12.23 - 21.22)	0.072
Catchment Area 8	20.74^b	(17.46 - 24.45)	16.85	(13.57 - 20.74)	0.060
California	24.98^a	(23.76 - 26.25)	17.85	(16.68 - 19.08)	0.000
Region 1R	29.91	(25.48 - 34.75)	26.23	(22.11 - 30.81)	0.148
Region 2R	27.10^b	(23.28 - 31.30)	22.86	(18.57 - 27.80)	0.070
Region 3R (Sacramento)	23.57^a	(19.95 - 27.62)	15.74	(12.47 - 19.68)	0.000
Region 4R	26.74^a	(22.86 - 31.00)	17.42	(13.64 - 21.99)	0.000
Region 5R (San Francisco)	26.81^a	(22.31 - 31.84)	21.42	(16.77 - 26.94)	0.030
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	22.77^a	(19.34 - 26.60)	18.56	(15.38 - 22.24)	0.040
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	24.28^a	(20.46 - 28.55)	19.22	(15.69 - 23.34)	0.018
Region 8R (Alameda)	24.76^a	(21.31 - 28.57)	19.02	(15.59 - 23.01)	0.007
Region 9R (San Mateo)	25.26^a	(21.12 - 29.90)	20.01	(16.10 - 24.60)	0.023
Region 10	28.71^a	(24.84 - 32.92)	22.61	(18.22 - 27.70)	0.013
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	23.37^a	(21.73 - 25.09)	17.11	(15.46 - 18.90)	0.000
LA SPA 1 and 5	27.33^a	(23.14 - 31.97)	20.92	(17.02 - 25.42)	0.005
LA SPA 2	23.83^a	(20.55 - 27.45)	19.49	(16.10 - 23.39)	0.033
LA SPA 3	24.08^a	(20.70 - 27.82)	15.59	(12.41 - 19.39)	0.000
LA SPA 4	22.63^b	(18.92 - 26.83)	18.30	(14.06 - 23.46)	0.071
LA SPA 6	20.24^a	(16.92 - 24.02)	13.17	(9.89 - 17.33)	0.001
LA SPA 7	23.22^a	(19.73 - 27.13)	13.82	(10.63 - 17.78)	0.000
LA SPA 8	22.74^b	(19.44 - 26.42)	18.81	(15.35 - 22.83)	0.054
Region 12R	25.84^a	(21.72 - 30.42)	19.23	(15.22 - 24.01)	0.004
Regions 13 and 19R	24.30^a	(21.08 - 27.83)	16.87	(14.05 - 20.12)	0.000
Region 14 (Orange)	25.00^a	(22.18 - 28.05)	16.53	(13.65 - 19.87)	0.000
Region 15R (Fresno)	23.18^a	(19.48 - 27.36)	18.04	(14.51 - 22.20)	0.015
Region 16R (San Diego)	28.68^a	(25.52 - 32.06)	18.90	(15.96 - 22.23)	0.000
Region 17R	24.89^a	(21.46 - 28.68)	12.06	(9.44 - 15.28)	0.000
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	25.12^a	(22.02 - 28.50)	15.24	(12.34 - 18.68)	0.000
Region 20R	24.42^a	(20.69 - 28.58)	15.02	(11.97 - 18.68)	0.000
Region 21R	25.61	(21.47 - 30.24)	23.96	(19.51 - 29.07)	0.515
Colorado	31.62^a	(29.24 - 34.11)	20.78	(18.61 - 23.14)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	23.33	(18.76 - 28.63)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	19.53	(15.31 - 24.57)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	17.48	(14.39 - 21.08)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	19.38	(14.81 - 24.95)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	20.92	(16.89 - 25.61)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	25.31	(20.93 - 30.25)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	20.77	(16.74 - 25.46)	--
Connecticut	31.35^a	(29.04 - 33.76)	25.68	(23.32 - 28.18)	0.000
Eastern	33.55	(28.55 - 38.95)	28.83	(23.44 - 34.90)	0.114
North Central	30.10	(26.74 - 33.68)	26.34	(22.41 - 30.69)	0.108
Northwestern	29.86^b	(26.01 - 34.01)	25.10	(20.83 - 29.93)	0.068
South Central	33.28^a	(29.29 - 37.52)	25.23	(21.44 - 29.43)	0.002
Southwest	30.62^a	(26.56 - 35.01)	23.71	(20.03 - 27.82)	0.004
Delaware	31.17^a	(28.77 - 33.67)	18.10	(15.98 - 20.43)	0.000
Kent	31.01^a	(27.19 - 35.10)	15.53	(12.31 - 19.41)	0.000
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	32.88^a	(29.84 - 36.07)	20.41	(17.47 - 23.71)	0.000
Sussex	29.14^a	(25.23 - 33.38)	16.35	(13.02 - 20.33)	0.000
Wilmington City	24.64^a	(20.56 - 29.23)	12.83	(9.53 - 17.04)	0.000
District of Columbia	30.44^a	(27.72 - 33.32)	23.13	(20.37 - 26.13)	0.000
Ward 1	35.16^a	(29.71 - 41.02)	25.14	(18.66 - 32.96)	0.009
Ward 2	57.41^b	(51.47 - 63.14)	49.32	(40.52 - 58.15)	0.079
Ward 3	39.63^a	(34.23 - 45.29)	32.61	(26.87 - 38.93)	0.037
Ward 4	25.35^a	(20.96 - 30.30)	16.46	(12.58 - 21.25)	0.000
Ward 5	27.99^a	(23.56 - 32.88)	19.92	(14.99 - 25.97)	0.007
Ward 6	25.68^a	(21.11 - 30.87)	19.16	(15.37 - 23.61)	0.008
Ward 7	22.66^a	(18.94 - 26.89)	12.16	(8.93 - 16.36)	0.000
Ward 8	21.62^a	(17.80 - 25.99)	13.15	(10.00 - 17.12)	0.000
Florida¹	25.99^a	(24.77 - 27.26)	19.57	(18.27 - 20.93)	0.000
Broward (Circuit 17)	23.12^a	(20.25 - 26.26)	16.05	(13.16 - 19.44)	0.000
Central I	--	(-- - --)	19.34	(17.12 - 21.79)	--
Circuit 9	25.77^a	(22.92 - 28.84)	19.50	(16.67 - 22.68)	0.000
Circuit 18	26.93^a	(23.56 - 30.60)	19.07	(15.58 - 23.14)	0.000
Central II	--	(-- - --)	19.61	(17.74 - 21.63)	--
Circuit 6	25.12^a	(21.84 - 28.72)	20.13	(16.64 - 24.13)	0.018
Circuit 10	22.90^a	(19.64 - 26.53)	17.05	(13.42 - 21.42)	0.008
Circuit 12	26.06^b	(22.07 - 30.50)	22.04	(18.02 - 26.67)	0.090
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	26.25^a	(23.30 - 29.43)	20.20	(17.01 - 23.81)	0.003
Circuit 20	26.74^a	(22.97 - 30.89)	18.62	(15.08 - 22.77)	0.000
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	20.61	(18.35 - 23.08)	--
Circuit 4	27.89^a	(24.22 - 31.87)	19.33	(15.84 - 23.39)	0.000
Circuit 5	24.88^a	(21.37 - 28.75)	17.24	(13.66 - 21.53)	0.000
Circuit 7	26.62	(22.64 - 31.03)	24.48	(20.20 - 29.34)	0.368
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	22.75	(18.00 - 28.32)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	24.80	(21.75 - 28.13)	--
Circuit 1	28.75^a	(24.97 - 32.85)	22.92	(18.63 - 27.85)	0.016
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	30.48	(25.15 - 36.40)	--
Circuit 14	26.17^a	(21.69 - 31.21)	19.49	(15.30 - 24.49)	0.006
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	24.17^a	(21.56 - 26.99)	18.40	(15.64 - 21.54)	0.002
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	18.42	(15.55 - 21.68)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	25.76^a	(22.27 - 29.59)	18.41	(15.00 - 22.40)	0.001
Circuit 19	26.76^a	(22.63 - 31.34)	18.42	(14.24 - 23.49)	0.000
Georgia	23.75^a	(21.73 - 25.90)	15.32	(13.74 - 17.05)	0.000
Region 1	22.88^a	(19.57 - 26.57)	13.58	(11.03 - 16.59)	0.000
Region 2	26.63^a	(22.58 - 31.11)	19.77	(16.39 - 23.66)	0.002
Region 3	22.84^a	(19.84 - 26.15)	14.62	(12.18 - 17.45)	0.000
Region 4	23.85^a	(19.58 - 28.73)	16.36	(12.31 - 21.42)	0.002
Region 5	25.46^a	(21.51 - 29.85)	15.91	(12.47 - 20.07)	0.000
Region 6	22.90^a	(19.37 - 26.86)	15.02	(12.14 - 18.44)	0.000
Hawaii	24.28^a	(21.86 - 26.87)	16.18	(14.19 - 18.40)	0.000
Hawaii Island	25.99^a	(21.74 - 30.74)	17.90	(14.14 - 22.40)	0.001
Honolulu	24.45^a	(21.63 - 27.52)	15.60	(13.26 - 18.27)	0.000
Kauai	21.61^a	(17.31 - 26.63)	16.39	(12.44 - 21.30)	0.022
Maui	22.03^b	(18.00 - 26.67)	17.68	(14.00 - 22.06)	0.063
Idaho	24.30^a	(22.19 - 26.53)	15.41	(13.50 - 17.54)	0.000
Region 1	26.29^a	(22.19 - 30.85)	17.38	(13.22 - 22.51)	0.001
Region 2	32.19^a	(26.72 - 38.19)	23.55	(18.39 - 29.64)	0.003
Region 3	21.93^a	(18.65 - 25.62)	13.55	(10.51 - 17.30)	0.000
Region 4	26.43^a	(23.42 - 29.69)	16.49	(13.50 - 19.99)	0.000
Region 5	23.76^a	(19.88 - 28.13)	17.20	(13.60 - 21.51)	0.004
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	13.62	(10.05 - 18.19)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	10.68	(7.99 - 14.13)	--
Illinois	27.95^a	(26.73 - 29.21)	19.27	(17.77 - 20.87)	0.000
Region 1 (Cook)	27.08^a	(25.22 - 29.03)	17.60	(15.70 - 19.67)	0.000
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	17.26	(13.12 - 22.38)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	14.80	(11.00 - 19.62)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	24.32	(18.75 - 30.92)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	14.65	(11.02 - 19.23)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	14.69	(11.26 - 18.93)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	12.08	(8.66 - 16.62)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	19.61	(16.78 - 22.79)	--
Region 2	27.57^a	(25.66 - 29.56)	19.45	(17.36 - 21.73)	0.000
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	20.68	(17.00 - 24.93)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	18.75	(15.97 - 21.88)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	17.42	(13.35 - 22.40)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	21.14	(17.35 - 25.50)	--
Region 3	32.56^a	(29.67 - 35.60)	23.07	(19.95 - 26.52)	0.000
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	32.26	(25.37 - 40.02)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	21.10	(17.74 - 24.90)	--
Region 4	27.42^a	(24.30 - 30.78)	20.26	(16.69 - 24.36)	0.001
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	17.83	(13.71 - 22.87)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	20.95	(16.72 - 25.93)	--
Region 5	27.60^a	(24.77 - 30.61)	20.06	(16.93 - 23.60)	0.000
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	19.62	(15.89 - 23.99)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	20.42	(16.16 - 25.46)	--
Indiana	23.80^a	(21.67 - 26.06)	19.93	(17.72 - 22.34)	0.007
Central	20.70^a	(17.56 - 24.23)	16.46	(13.44 - 20.00)	0.032
East	23.04	(19.06 - 27.56)	26.45	(21.36 - 32.25)	0.216
North Central	25.41^a	(21.31 - 30.00)	18.93	(14.86 - 23.79)	0.008
Northeast	22.62^b	(18.79 - 26.96)	18.36	(14.32 - 23.23)	0.072
Northwest	22.81^b	(19.02 - 27.11)	18.74	(14.76 - 23.50)	0.079
Southeast	23.02^a	(19.07 - 27.51)	17.13	(13.60 - 21.35)	0.009
Southwest	21.84	(17.79 - 26.50)	20.39	(15.87 - 25.80)	0.561
West	32.78	(27.76 - 38.23)	28.62	(22.83 - 35.21)	0.181
Iowa	29.09^a	(26.86 - 31.42)	22.84	(20.65 - 25.20)	0.000
Central	29.86^a	(25.62 - 34.48)	21.12	(17.52 - 25.23)	0.000
North Central	30.38	(25.80 - 35.38)	28.48	(23.49 - 34.05)	0.497
Northeast	31.10^a	(27.38 - 35.07)	24.94	(21.16 - 29.14)	0.011
Northwest	28.18^a	(24.48 - 32.21)	21.14	(17.15 - 25.78)	0.004
Southeast	27.24^a	(23.46 - 31.38)	22.13	(18.05 - 26.83)	0.034
Southwest	26.56^a	(22.10 - 31.55)	18.42	(14.48 - 23.15)	0.001
Kansas	27.89^a	(25.56 - 30.34)	20.99	(18.82 - 23.33)	0.000
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	21.75	(18.75 - 25.09)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	23.12	(18.37 - 28.67)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	19.27	(15.89 - 23.17)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	22.53	(17.51 - 28.48)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	18.71	(14.59 - 23.67)	--
Kentucky¹	23.71^a	(21.54 - 26.03)	19.23	(17.00 - 21.67)	0.002
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	20.27	(16.84 - 24.20)	17.10	(13.35 - 21.63)	0.176
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	26.40^a	(23.01 - 30.10)	21.68	(18.10 - 25.74)	0.039
Centerstone	25.26^a	(21.70 - 29.19)	19.45	(15.91 - 23.56)	0.011
Communicare and River Valley	22.54^b	(18.44 - 27.24)	18.18	(13.99 - 23.29)	0.070
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	24.55^a	(20.40 - 29.25)	18.54	(14.09 - 24.01)	0.022
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	19.26	(15.73 - 23.36)	16.76	(12.85 - 21.57)	0.280
Louisiana	27.67^a	(25.44 - 30.01)	21.20	(18.90 - 23.70)	0.000
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	20.57	(17.18 - 24.44)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	21.94	(17.56 - 27.04)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	27.71^a	(23.23 - 32.70)	19.00	(14.70 - 24.19)	0.001
Regions 2 and 9	29.98^a	(26.52 - 33.68)	23.95	(19.78 - 28.68)	0.017
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	19.30	(15.30 - 24.05)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	26.07^b	(22.49 - 30.01)	21.92	(18.10 - 26.30)	0.080
Regions 7 and 8	27.71^a	(24.00 - 31.76)	17.92	(14.63 - 21.76)	0.000
Maine	26.23	(24.13 - 28.44)	23.80	(21.54 - 26.22)	0.105
Aroostook/Downeast	25.69	(21.93 - 29.84)	22.06	(18.34 - 26.30)	0.109
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	23.73	(18.83 - 29.44)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	20.63	(15.97 - 26.23)	--
Central	24.23	(20.53 - 28.37)	23.78	(19.52 - 28.65)	0.853
Cumberland	28.27	(24.43 - 32.46)	25.91	(21.57 - 30.77)	0.336
Midcoast	24.88	(20.83 - 29.41)	22.07	(17.48 - 27.46)	0.270
Penquis	28.85	(24.67 - 33.42)	24.77	(19.90 - 30.39)	0.126
Western	25.57	(21.71 - 29.85)	22.13	(18.51 - 26.22)	0.143
York	24.77	(21.22 - 28.70)	23.94	(19.85 - 28.57)	0.722
Maryland	25.87^a	(23.80 - 28.05)	19.63	(17.48 - 21.99)	0.000
Anne Arundel	29.33^a	(24.87 - 34.22)	22.01	(17.12 - 27.82)	0.005
Baltimore City	24.60^a	(20.51 - 29.21)	18.38	(14.56 - 22.93)	0.009
Baltimore County	27.93^a	(24.03 - 32.20)	22.13	(17.49 - 27.60)	0.025
Montgomery	22.49^a	(18.98 - 26.44)	17.40	(14.04 - 21.37)	0.015
North Central	27.07^a	(22.94 - 31.64)	19.15	(15.13 - 23.93)	0.001
Northeast	26.45	(22.32 - 31.03)	23.05	(18.07 - 28.91)	0.193
Prince George's	23.85^a	(20.08 - 28.07)	19.02	(15.09 - 23.68)	0.035
South	26.56^a	(22.35 - 31.24)	17.94	(13.98 - 22.74)	0.000
West	28.55^a	(24.31 - 33.19)	19.38	(15.50 - 23.95)	0.000
Massachusetts	31.76	(29.43 - 34.18)	30.52	(27.80 - 33.37)	0.457
Boston	33.71	(29.08 - 38.67)	33.58	(27.51 - 40.24)	0.968
Central	32.84	(28.45 - 37.56)	28.23	(22.89 - 34.27)	0.113
Metrowest	32.18	(28.26 - 36.37)	31.73	(27.17 - 36.65)	0.860
Northeast	29.55^b	(25.90 - 33.48)	25.06	(20.77 - 29.89)	0.081
Southeast	28.38	(24.59 - 32.50)	29.15	(24.24 - 34.60)	0.772
Western	35.94	(31.80 - 40.30)	37.35	(32.52 - 42.46)	0.603
Michigan¹	26.16^a	(25.03 - 27.33)	22.48	(21.03 - 24.00)	0.000
Region 1	31.58	(27.66 - 35.77)	28.59	(23.13 - 34.74)	0.287
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	24.46	(20.08 - 29.45)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	21.39	(18.51 - 24.58)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	21.13	(17.53 - 25.24)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	27.23	(23.96 - 30.77)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	26.38	(22.07 - 31.20)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	16.96	(14.13 - 20.23)	--
Region 8	26.65^a	(24.04 - 29.43)	21.55	(18.42 - 25.05)	0.006
Region 9	26.17^a	(23.25 - 29.32)	21.71	(18.04 - 25.89)	0.040
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	21.20	(17.51 - 25.43)	--
Minnesota	28.67^a	(26.49 - 30.96)	22.22	(20.05 - 24.56)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	31.63^a	(27.09 - 36.56)	22.81	(18.77 - 27.44)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	22.37	(17.54 - 28.08)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	23.12	(17.73 - 29.57)	--
Regions 3 and 4	29.85^a	(26.01 - 33.99)	23.00	(19.39 - 27.04)	0.002
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	25.92	(20.39 - 32.34)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	21.58	(17.43 - 26.40)	--
Regions 5 and 6	30.70^a	(26.98 - 34.69)	23.80	(20.20 - 27.82)	0.003
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	23.07	(18.63 - 28.22)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	24.52	(19.67 - 30.12)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	21.33	(18.80 - 24.09)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	26.91^a	(23.38 - 30.75)	21.39	(17.92 - 25.33)	0.010
Region 7B (Ramsey)	24.29	(20.19 - 28.92)	20.35	(15.93 - 25.63)	0.119
Region 7C	28.05^a	(24.58 - 31.81)	21.68	(18.07 - 25.78)	0.004
Mississippi	23.96^a	(21.82 - 26.23)	14.34	(12.55 - 16.34)	0.000
Region 1	25.93^a	(22.50 - 29.70)	14.95	(12.03 - 18.43)	0.000
Region 2	21.84^a	(18.00 - 26.24)	10.60	(7.81 - 14.23)	0.000
Region 3	21.54^a	(17.99 - 25.57)	14.71	(11.31 - 18.90)	0.003
Region 4	22.86^a	(19.41 - 26.73)	13.87	(10.92 - 17.45)	0.000
Region 5	22.83^a	(18.67 - 27.61)	12.74	(9.23 - 17.33)	0.000
Region 6	27.49^a	(22.96 - 32.54)	15.21	(11.63 - 19.66)	0.000
Region 7	24.86^a	(21.17 - 28.97)	16.40	(12.83 - 20.73)	0.000
Missouri	24.71^a	(22.56 - 27.00)	20.08	(17.99 - 22.35)	0.001
Central	28.78^a	(24.11 - 33.95)	22.92	(18.49 - 28.04)	0.025
Eastern	24.46^a	(21.62 - 27.54)	20.33	(17.43 - 23.56)	0.021
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	23.12^a	(19.88 - 26.71)	17.45	(14.01 - 21.52)	0.008
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	26.79	(22.37 - 31.73)	24.70	(20.36 - 29.63)	0.434
Northwest	23.31^b	(20.45 - 26.44)	20.08	(16.83 - 23.78)	0.096
Northwest (Jackson)	22.52	(18.95 - 26.56)	18.96	(15.13 - 23.49)	0.128
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	23.98	(20.17 - 28.25)	20.96	(16.54 - 26.19)	0.230
Southeast	24.97^b	(20.82 - 29.63)	20.65	(16.28 - 25.83)	0.097
Southwest	23.48^a	(19.60 - 27.86)	16.40	(12.75 - 20.85)	0.002
Montana	33.04^a	(30.61 - 35.56)	24.59	(22.20 - 27.16)	0.000
Region 1	31.44^a	(26.50 - 36.84)	20.35	(16.02 - 25.48)	0.000
Region 2	29.33^a	(25.18 - 33.85)	21.98	(17.70 - 26.95)	0.004
Region 3	28.35^a	(24.62 - 32.40)	20.65	(16.76 - 25.17)	0.001
Region 4	39.47^a	(35.56 - 43.52)	28.58	(24.61 - 32.91)	0.000
Region 5	32.78^a	(28.99 - 36.81)	26.29	(22.43 - 30.56)	0.008
Nebraska	26.23^a	(23.85 - 28.76)	20.98	(18.71 - 23.46)	0.001
Regions 1 and 2	25.55^a	(21.65 - 29.89)	20.27	(16.53 - 24.61)	0.011
Region 1	25.27^b	(20.51 - 30.70)	21.07	(16.11 - 27.07)	0.099
Region 2	25.80^a	(20.80 - 31.53)	19.56	(15.07 - 25.00)	0.018
Region 3	24.49^a	(20.51 - 28.96)	18.89	(14.95 - 23.58)	0.023
Region 4	25.47^a	(21.01 - 30.52)	18.27	(14.36 - 22.97)	0.003
Region 5	30.63^a	(27.04 - 34.46)	25.19	(21.00 - 29.89)	0.042
Region 6	24.51^a	(21.29 - 28.04)	20.03	(16.91 - 23.58)	0.032
Nevada¹	24.26^a	(21.84 - 26.86)	17.64	(15.48 - 20.03)	0.000
Clark – Region 1	22.77^a	(20.00 - 25.80)	16.81	(14.43 - 19.50)	0.001
Region 3	26.34^a	(21.88 - 31.34)	19.43	(15.65 - 23.86)	0.004
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	21.53	(16.49 - 27.61)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	17.70	(13.19 - 23.34)	--
Washoe – Region 2	29.45^a	(25.50 - 33.73)	20.26	(16.14 - 25.10)	0.000
New Hampshire	34.43^a	(32.20 - 36.75)	24.21	(21.83 - 26.76)	0.000
Central	36.20^a	(33.02 - 39.51)	27.40	(23.94 - 31.16)	0.000
Central 1	38.99^a	(34.58 - 43.59)	31.80	(27.06 - 36.95)	0.010
Central 2	33.35^a	(29.50 - 37.44)	22.59	(18.40 - 27.42)	0.000
Northern	38.70^a	(34.12 - 43.50)	27.40	(22.52 - 32.89)	0.000
Southern	32.69^a	(29.99 - 35.52)	21.96	(19.10 - 25.13)	0.000
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	33.26^a	(29.54 - 37.21)	20.60	(16.89 - 24.89)	0.000
Southern 2	32.36^a	(28.98 - 35.94)	22.75	(19.19 - 26.75)	0.000
New Jersey	27.68^a	(25.45 - 30.03)	21.19	(19.18 - 23.34)	0.000
Central	29.09^a	(25.06 - 33.48)	23.21	(19.56 - 27.31)	0.012
Metropolitan	26.00^a	(22.66 - 29.65)	16.76	(13.80 - 20.20)	0.000
Northern	27.41^a	(24.31 - 30.75)	21.16	(18.15 - 24.51)	0.002
Southern	28.39^b	(24.63 - 32.47)	24.39	(20.86 - 28.31)	0.086
New Mexico	25.46^a	(23.25 - 27.81)	18.62	(16.54 - 20.90)	0.000
Region 1	21.53^a	(18.41 - 25.02)	14.35	(11.28 - 18.09)	0.000
Region 2	25.19^a	(20.90 - 30.04)	17.60	(13.82 - 22.16)	0.002
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	26.67^a	(23.12 - 30.55)	21.44	(17.86 - 25.52)	0.020
Region 4	25.63^a	(21.28 - 30.52)	19.06	(15.26 - 23.55)	0.009
Region 5	28.00^a	(24.24 - 32.09)	19.25	(16.02 - 22.97)	0.000
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	17.43	(13.43 - 22.30)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	20.59	(16.37 - 25.56)	--
New York¹	31.44^a	(30.05 - 32.85)	20.31	(18.94 - 21.75)	0.000
Region 1: Long Island	33.88^a	(30.90 - 36.99)	22.91	(19.91 - 26.21)	0.000
Region 2: New York City	28.08^a	(26.17 - 30.07)	16.63	(14.86 - 18.57)	0.000
Region 2A: Bronx	28.77^a	(25.01 - 32.84)	13.96	(11.16 - 17.32)	0.000
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	15.16	(12.54 - 18.20)	--
Region 2C: New York	33.99^a	(29.97 - 38.26)	25.61	(21.17 - 30.61)	0.001
Region 2D: Queens	25.71^a	(22.60 - 29.08)	15.10	(12.11 - 18.69)	0.000
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	18.22	(14.22 - 23.06)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	17.63	(14.75 - 20.94)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	26.38	(22.26 - 30.97)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	23.42	(18.06 - 29.81)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	20.89	(16.27 - 26.40)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	25.49	(20.31 - 31.47)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	22.23	(18.53 - 26.44)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	29.50	(23.86 - 35.85)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	21.73	(18.44 - 25.43)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	27.47	(23.85 - 31.43)	--
North Carolina¹	23.12^a	(21.05 - 25.34)	17.65	(15.89 - 19.56)	0.000
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	15.33	(11.90 - 19.52)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	19.00	(15.27 - 23.39)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	15.95	(12.53 - 20.09)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	18.62	(14.46 - 23.65)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	20.79^b	(17.16 - 24.96)	17.08	(13.52 - 21.35)	0.069
CenterPoint Human Services	21.57	(17.46 - 26.35)	18.66	(14.34 - 23.92)	0.207
Eastpointe	20.47^a	(16.80 - 24.70)	13.71	(10.68 - 17.43)	0.001
Partners Behavioral Health Management	23.15^a	(19.47 - 27.28)	17.42	(13.94 - 21.55)	0.009
Sandhills Center 1	20.52^a	(16.52 - 25.20)	15.39	(11.84 - 19.77)	0.018
Sandhills Center 2	24.54^a	(20.12 - 29.57)	18.64	(14.23 - 24.04)	0.019
Smoky Mountain Center 1	25.20^a	(20.92 - 30.02)	19.32	(14.97 - 24.56)	0.018
Smoky Mountain Center 2	23.46	(18.95 - 28.67)	20.78	(16.16 - 26.30)	0.290
Trillium Health Resources 1	24.34^a	(20.14 - 29.09)	18.48	(14.73 - 22.93)	0.012
Trillium Health Resources 2	28.19^a	(23.53 - 33.38)	22.09	(17.20 - 27.90)	0.017
North Dakota	34.64^a	(32.17 - 37.18)	27.79	(25.20 - 30.54)	0.000
Badlands and West Central	32.08^a	(28.20 - 36.22)	24.62	(21.13 - 28.48)	0.002
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	24.47	(19.29 - 30.51)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	24.66	(20.68 - 29.13)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	20.34	(15.59 - 26.08)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	25.26	(20.19 - 31.12)	--
Northeast	41.73^a	(36.93 - 46.69)	34.76	(29.23 - 40.74)	0.026
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	25.92	(20.58 - 32.10)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	28.75	(23.12 - 35.12)	--
Southeast	37.46^a	(33.68 - 41.41)	30.36	(26.15 - 34.94)	0.007
Ohio	27.68^a	(26.56 - 28.82)	20.37	(18.88 - 21.95)	0.000
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	26.57	(23.48 - 29.91)	23.29	(18.68 - 28.63)	0.186
Boards 3, 52, and 85	26.61^a	(23.00 - 30.57)	16.62	(12.85 - 21.23)	0.000
Boards 4 and 78	26.63^a	(22.63 - 31.06)	18.17	(14.34 - 22.75)	0.000
Boards 5 and 60	32.45^a	(29.00 - 36.11)	22.78	(18.17 - 28.15)	0.000
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	25.37^a	(22.00 - 29.07)	18.98	(14.80 - 23.99)	0.008
Boards 8, 13, and 83	25.79^a	(22.34 - 29.58)	19.83	(15.79 - 24.60)	0.009
Board 9 (Butler)	32.61^a	(28.66 - 36.83)	23.41	(19.02 - 28.46)	0.000
Board 12	31.38^a	(27.57 - 35.46)	21.95	(17.20 - 27.58)	0.000
Boards 18 and 47	26.11^a	(23.45 - 28.94)	19.80	(16.72 - 23.28)	0.001
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	27.78^a	(24.07 - 31.82)	21.34	(17.22 - 26.13)	0.008
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	24.46^a	(21.03 - 28.26)	17.30	(13.58 - 21.78)	0.001
Boards 22, 74, and 87	32.14^a	(28.18 - 36.37)	26.24	(22.36 - 30.53)	0.011
Boards 23 and 45	27.01^a	(23.26 - 31.11)	19.54	(15.23 - 24.71)	0.002
Board 25 (Franklin)	29.78^a	(26.98 - 32.73)	20.59	(17.32 - 24.29)	0.000
Boards 27, 71, and 73	23.33^a	(19.97 - 27.06)	16.05	(12.52 - 20.34)	0.001
Boards 28, 43, and 67	30.94^a	(27.53 - 34.58)	21.09	(16.45 - 26.62)	0.000
Board 31 (Hamilton)	27.41^a	(24.05 - 31.05)	21.68	(18.04 - 25.83)	0.008
Board 48 (Lucas)	27.18^a	(23.90 - 30.73)	19.35	(14.96 - 24.66)	0.002
Boards 50 and 76	27.64^a	(24.28 - 31.27)	21.08	(17.20 - 25.57)	0.004
Board 57 (Montgomery)	26.80^a	(23.19 - 30.74)	20.05	(16.13 - 24.65)	0.002
Board 77 (Summit)	27.08^a	(23.75 - 30.68)	19.84	(15.97 - 24.38)	0.001
Oklahoma	25.43^a	(23.12 - 27.89)	16.36	(14.43 - 18.49)	0.000
Central	26.29^a	(22.13 - 30.91)	19.83	(15.78 - 24.60)	0.007
East Central	26.09^a	(21.74 - 30.96)	14.36	(10.85 - 18.77)	0.000
Northeast	28.31^a	(24.07 - 32.97)	19.15	(15.24 - 23.77)	0.000
Northwest and Southwest	25.92^a	(21.75 - 30.58)	17.11	(13.48 - 21.47)	0.000
Oklahoma County	23.62^a	(19.89 - 27.81)	14.47	(11.32 - 18.31)	0.000
Southeast	25.20^a	(21.24 - 29.61)	16.78	(13.23 - 21.05)	0.000
Tulsa County	23.62^a	(19.90 - 27.80)	13.98	(10.86 - 17.82)	0.000
Oregon	30.72^a	(28.43 - 33.10)	21.11	(19.03 - 23.35)	0.000
Region 1 (Multnomah)	31.73^a	(27.62 - 36.14)	21.05	(17.16 - 25.55)	0.000
Region 2	26.99^a	(23.45 - 30.85)	19.19	(15.98 - 22.86)	0.000
Region 3	34.22^a	(30.82 - 37.78)	22.93	(19.62 - 26.61)	0.000
Region 4	28.44^a	(23.93 - 33.42)	20.22	(16.11 - 25.05)	0.001
Region 5 (Central)	32.32^a	(27.07 - 38.06)	22.20	(17.42 - 27.86)	0.000
Region 6 (Eastern)	27.45^a	(22.96 - 32.45)	20.37	(15.84 - 25.81)	0.007
Pennsylvania	29.01^a	(27.67 - 30.39)	19.35	(17.81 - 20.98)	0.000
Region 1 (Allegheny)	33.34^a	(30.08 - 36.76)	18.69	(15.26 - 22.68)	0.000
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	29.90^a	(26.13 - 33.96)	24.72	(20.28 - 29.76)	0.035
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	29.22^a	(25.80 - 32.88)	17.20	(13.61 - 21.51)	0.000
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	27.86^a	(23.94 - 32.16)	18.31	(14.68 - 22.59)	0.000
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	32.87	(28.78 - 37.23)	29.28	(24.30 - 34.80)	0.187
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	27.96^a	(25.52 - 30.55)	20.27	(17.55 - 23.29)	0.000
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	26.12^a	(22.57 - 30.01)	20.28	(16.26 - 25.00)	0.012
Regions 17 and 21	30.42^a	(26.19 - 35.00)	23.04	(18.24 - 28.66)	0.006
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	25.24^a	(22.20 - 28.55)	14.25	(11.66 - 17.29)	0.000
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	28.77^a	(25.41 - 32.38)	20.35	(16.57 - 24.74)	0.000
Regions 29 and 34	27.77^a	(23.97 - 31.93)	17.53	(13.56 - 22.36)	0.000
Regions 30 and 50	29.16^a	(25.42 - 33.20)	18.98	(14.97 - 23.76)	0.000
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	30.19^a	(27.07 - 33.50)	17.05	(13.90 - 20.74)	0.000
Rhode Island	33.75^a	(31.34 - 36.24)	26.45	(23.95 - 29.10)	0.000
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	27.70	(23.29 - 32.59)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	20.14	(16.64 - 24.16)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	27.10	(21.63 - 33.35)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	22.37	(18.39 - 26.92)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	26.82	(21.46 - 32.96)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	28.40	(23.32 - 34.09)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	36.33	(31.00 - 42.02)	--
South Carolina	22.34^a	(20.39 - 24.41)	17.68	(15.71 - 19.84)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	17.68	(14.56 - 21.29)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	19.09	(15.83 - 22.84)	--
Region 3	20.76^a	(17.56 - 24.36)	15.59	(12.37 - 19.46)	0.012
Region 4	22.21^a	(18.92 - 25.90)	17.57	(14.33 - 21.35)	0.024
South Dakota	31.95^a	(29.68 - 34.31)	22.73	(20.51 - 25.12)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	20.43	(16.73 - 24.70)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	19.10	(14.99 - 24.03)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	26.34	(22.68 - 30.36)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	28.17	(23.19 - 33.74)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	20.20	(16.99 - 23.83)	--
Tennessee	21.27^a	(19.29 - 23.39)	17.23	(15.26 - 19.39)	0.002
Region 1	22.53^a	(18.35 - 27.33)	17.87	(13.76 - 22.88)	0.047
Region 2	22.02^b	(18.45 - 26.06)	17.79	(14.03 - 22.29)	0.055
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	16.58	(13.12 - 20.73)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	22.87^b	(18.95 - 27.33)	18.46	(13.99 - 23.97)	0.073
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	17.26	(14.16 - 20.88)	--
Region 6	21.33	(17.61 - 25.58)	20.16	(15.95 - 25.14)	0.627
Region 7 (Shelby)	18.47^a	(15.12 - 22.37)	14.29	(11.14 - 18.16)	0.030
Texas	26.27^a	(25.07 - 27.50)	16.63	(15.45 - 17.89)	0.000
Region 1	31.24^a	(27.37 - 35.39)	21.38	(17.04 - 26.48)	0.000
Region 2	30.17^a	(25.86 - 34.85)	20.44	(16.09 - 25.61)	0.000
Region 3	26.36^a	(24.48 - 28.34)	15.26	(13.45 - 17.26)	0.000
Region 3a	25.77^a	(23.39 - 28.30)	14.68	(12.46 - 17.23)	0.000
Region 3bc	27.40^a	(24.74 - 30.23)	16.29	(13.71 - 19.24)	0.000
Region 4	24.90^a	(21.36 - 28.81)	17.56	(14.07 - 21.69)	0.001
Region 5	26.83^a	(23.17 - 30.84)	20.21	(16.12 - 25.03)	0.005
Region 6	24.58^a	(22.52 - 26.76)	14.19	(12.16 - 16.49)	0.000
Region 6a	24.47^a	(22.26 - 26.82)	14.18	(12.00 - 16.68)	0.000
Region 6bc	25.49^a	(21.61 - 29.81)	14.27	(10.91 - 18.46)	0.000
Region 7	30.68^a	(28.22 - 33.27)	21.22	(18.43 - 24.30)	0.000
Region 7a	29.29^a	(26.05 - 32.77)	20.45	(16.81 - 24.63)	0.000
Region 7bcd	32.58^a	(28.82 - 36.59)	22.50	(18.72 - 26.79)	0.000
Region 8	25.88^a	(22.82 - 29.19)	19.06	(16.20 - 22.29)	0.000
Region 9	27.19^a	(23.19 - 31.60)	17.45	(13.34 - 22.50)	0.000
Region 10	27.35^a	(23.51 - 31.56)	15.20	(11.89 - 19.25)	0.000
Region 11	22.19^a	(19.65 - 24.96)	14.77	(12.42 - 17.47)	0.000
Region 11abd	23.12^a	(19.94 - 26.64)	14.79	(11.81 - 18.36)	0.000
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	20.61^a	(17.27 - 24.41)	14.73	(11.50 - 18.67)	0.005
Utah	14.42^a	(12.37 - 16.75)	10.91	(9.00 - 13.18)	0.019
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	13.85^a	(10.67 - 17.80)	9.90	(7.04 - 13.76)	0.047
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	14.00	(10.94 - 17.76)	11.47	(8.60 - 15.15)	0.178
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	11.62	(8.02 - 16.55)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	11.38	(8.11 - 15.74)	--
Davis County	14.73^a	(11.61 - 18.51)	8.96	(6.42 - 12.38)	0.002
Salt Lake County	16.33	(13.49 - 19.64)	13.10	(10.40 - 16.36)	0.106
Utah County	11.78^b	(8.86 - 15.49)	8.00	(5.54 - 11.42)	0.054
Weber, Morgan	14.53	(11.25 - 18.58)	12.51	(9.02 - 17.11)	0.361
Vermont	35.77^a	(33.35 - 38.27)	30.95	(28.28 - 33.75)	0.006
Champlain Valley	40.40^a	(37.20 - 43.68)	34.82	(30.83 - 39.03)	0.023
Rural Northeast	33.81^a	(29.74 - 38.12)	27.85	(23.41 - 32.78)	0.032
Rural Southeast	31.35	(27.03 - 36.03)	29.46	(24.92 - 34.46)	0.499
Rural Southwest	30.93^b	(26.80 - 35.40)	26.01	(21.06 - 31.66)	0.095
Virginia	26.99^a	(24.87 - 29.22)	18.07	(16.28 - 20.01)	0.000
Region 1	30.91^a	(27.11 - 34.99)	21.74	(18.04 - 25.95)	0.000
Region 2	21.37^a	(18.19 - 24.93)	14.08	(11.57 - 17.03)	0.000
Region 3	31.30^a	(27.22 - 35.69)	20.47	(16.79 - 24.72)	0.000
Region 4	26.43^a	(22.47 - 30.82)	18.21	(14.95 - 22.01)	0.000
Region 5	27.20^a	(23.65 - 31.07)	18.57	(15.57 - 21.99)	0.000
Washington¹	26.70^a	(24.60 - 28.92)	19.27	(17.16 - 21.57)	0.000
Region 1	27.60^a	(24.37 - 31.08)	18.41	(15.18 - 22.15)	0.000
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	16.59	(12.92 - 21.05)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	21.76	(16.85 - 27.62)	--
Region 2	27.82^a	(25.09 - 30.72)	20.04	(17.24 - 23.16)	0.000
King	26.88^a	(23.60 - 30.43)	20.30	(16.91 - 24.18)	0.002
North Sound	29.21^a	(25.40 - 33.32)	19.60	(15.71 - 24.18)	0.000
Region 3	24.62^a	(21.77 - 27.72)	18.90	(16.29 - 21.83)	0.001
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	17.77	(13.98 - 22.32)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	22.63	(17.68 - 28.50)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	18.55	(14.81 - 22.98)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	18.92	(14.33 - 24.56)	--
West Virginia	23.36^a	(21.24 - 25.63)	19.98	(17.78 - 22.39)	0.018
Region I	24.00	(19.72 - 28.88)	21.21	(16.65 - 26.61)	0.274
Region II	21.75	(18.11 - 25.90)	19.79	(15.90 - 24.36)	0.396
Region III	20.81	(17.19 - 24.95)	17.74	(13.85 - 22.44)	0.178
Region IV	28.10	(24.19 - 32.37)	26.59	(22.08 - 31.64)	0.560
Region V	23.46^a	(20.21 - 27.07)	16.54	(13.42 - 20.20)	0.002
Region VI	19.17	(15.79 - 23.07)	17.33	(13.75 - 21.60)	0.392
Wisconsin	29.72^a	(27.45 - 32.09)	23.16	(20.95 - 25.53)	0.000
Milwaukee	26.79^a	(23.04 - 30.89)	18.76	(15.00 - 23.20)	0.001
Northeastern	29.09^a	(25.46 - 33.01)	23.54	(19.36 - 28.30)	0.025
Northern	32.31^a	(27.23 - 37.85)	22.94	(18.51 - 28.05)	0.001
Southeastern	29.26^a	(25.21 - 33.67)	24.36	(20.74 - 28.38)	0.040
Southern	32.66^a	(28.69 - 36.90)	25.10	(21.16 - 29.50)	0.002
Western	29.35^a	(25.24 - 33.82)	23.73	(19.17 - 29.00)	0.030
Wyoming	29.85^a	(27.36 - 32.47)	21.24	(19.10 - 23.55)	0.000
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	29.43^a	(25.12 - 34.14)	20.02	(15.88 - 24.92)	0.001
Judicial District 2	40.70	(35.03 - 46.62)	37.61	(31.68 - 43.93)	0.369
Judicial District 3	24.88^a	(21.31 - 28.82)	13.79	(10.64 - 17.70)	0.000
Judicial District 4	29.31^a	(24.22 - 34.97)	19.68	(14.82 - 25.67)	0.001
Judicial District 5	28.33^a	(23.80 - 33.36)	21.57	(17.27 - 26.59)	0.013
Judicial District 6	30.92^a	(26.26 - 36.00)	18.01	(14.06 - 22.77)	0.000
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	31.28^a	(26.83 - 36.10)	21.32	(17.32 - 25.96)	0.000
Judicial District 8	28.81	(24.12 - 34.01)	24.68	(19.59 - 30.60)	0.158
Judicial District 9	26.57^a	(22.01 - 31.69)	18.68	(14.88 - 23.18)	0.002
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 6 – Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	27.93^a	(27.53 - 28.34)	22.48	(22.16 - 22.80)	0.000
Northeast	26.35^a	(25.58 - 27.13)	21.34	(20.72 - 21.98)	0.000
Midwest	30.47^a	(29.79 - 31.16)	24.76	(24.20 - 25.33)	0.000
South	29.43^a	(28.78 - 30.10)	24.39	(23.91 - 24.88)	0.000
West	24.41^a	(23.65 - 25.19)	18.26	(17.72 - 18.82)	0.000
Alabama	32.95^a	(30.65 - 35.33)	29.75	(27.66 - 31.93)	0.030
Region 1	33.78	(30.18 - 37.58)	33.28	(29.94 - 36.80)	0.836
Region 2	33.43^b	(30.16 - 36.88)	29.46	(26.28 - 32.84)	0.070
Region 3	30.95^b	(27.18 - 34.98)	26.71	(23.26 - 30.47)	0.080
Region 4	32.80^a	(29.21 - 36.61)	28.14	(24.79 - 31.74)	0.042
Alaska	31.38^a	(28.94 - 33.93)	25.72	(23.87 - 27.67)	0.000
Anchorage	28.77^a	(25.81 - 31.93)	20.90	(18.59 - 23.42)	0.000
Northern	35.36	(31.50 - 39.42)	33.95	(30.45 - 37.65)	0.568
South Central	32.45^a	(28.46 - 36.73)	26.83	(23.70 - 30.21)	0.021
Southeast	31.10^a	(26.63 - 35.94)	24.32	(20.81 - 28.20)	0.010
Arizona¹	26.08^a	(23.79 - 28.51)	21.28	(19.40 - 23.28)	0.001
Central	25.27^a	(22.59 - 28.15)	18.84	(16.69 - 21.20)	0.000
North	--	(-- - --)	27.75	(23.92 - 31.93)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	23.70	(20.91 - 26.73)	--
South A	25.86	(22.07 - 30.05)	23.20	(19.84 - 26.94)	0.247
South B	--	(-- - --)	24.30	(20.58 - 28.45)	--
Arkansas	34.67^a	(32.27 - 37.14)	30.68	(28.73 - 32.70)	0.006
Catchment Area 1	30.86^a	(27.04 - 34.97)	25.99	(22.72 - 29.56)	0.033
Catchment Area 2	35.60	(31.17 - 40.29)	32.69	(28.49 - 37.18)	0.305
Catchment Area 3	38.47^a	(34.14 - 42.98)	32.05	(28.17 - 36.20)	0.020
Catchment Area 4	36.58^b	(32.05 - 41.37)	31.45	(27.40 - 35.80)	0.062
Catchment Area 5	34.55	(30.82 - 38.48)	30.94	(27.45 - 34.66)	0.127
Catchment Area 6	36.79	(32.17 - 41.66)	34.89	(30.21 - 39.87)	0.525
Catchment Area 7	34.47	(29.76 - 39.50)	35.42	(30.62 - 40.53)	0.750
Catchment Area 8	32.87^b	(29.11 - 36.86)	28.68	(25.28 - 32.33)	0.083
California	22.14^a	(21.00 - 23.32)	15.34	(14.54 - 16.17)	0.000
Region 1R	29.84^a	(26.07 - 33.90)	24.81	(21.95 - 27.90)	0.018
Region 2R	25.58^a	(22.37 - 29.07)	17.31	(14.59 - 20.41)	0.000
Region 3R (Sacramento)	24.67^a	(21.42 - 28.24)	18.72	(16.25 - 21.47)	0.002
Region 4R	22.49^a	(19.41 - 25.90)	15.64	(13.25 - 18.37)	0.000
Region 5R (San Francisco)	22.90^a	(19.47 - 26.74)	14.91	(12.40 - 17.83)	0.000
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	18.28^a	(15.73 - 21.14)	11.20	(9.48 - 13.19)	0.000
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	19.04^a	(16.14 - 22.32)	13.90	(11.69 - 16.45)	0.001
Region 8R (Alameda)	20.60^a	(17.84 - 23.66)	13.01	(10.95 - 15.38)	0.000
Region 9R (San Mateo)	19.04^a	(16.07 - 22.41)	12.81	(10.71 - 15.25)	0.000
Region 10	21.50^a	(18.64 - 24.66)	14.76	(12.32 - 17.59)	0.000
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	20.59^a	(19.13 - 22.13)	14.21	(13.14 - 15.36)	0.000
LA SPA 1 and 5	20.74^a	(17.66 - 24.19)	14.57	(12.27 - 17.22)	0.000
LA SPA 2	20.43^a	(17.89 - 23.23)	14.20	(12.16 - 16.51)	0.000
LA SPA 3	18.17^a	(15.68 - 20.96)	12.30	(10.35 - 14.56)	0.000
LA SPA 4	23.43^a	(20.26 - 26.93)	14.76	(12.26 - 17.66)	0.000
LA SPA 6	22.06^a	(19.00 - 25.47)	15.99	(13.44 - 18.91)	0.001
LA SPA 7	20.36^a	(17.58 - 23.45)	13.31	(11.12 - 15.87)	0.000
LA SPA 8	20.59^a	(17.72 - 23.79)	15.40	(13.09 - 18.04)	0.002
Region 12R	24.41^a	(20.87 - 28.35)	18.77	(15.97 - 21.92)	0.004
Regions 13 and 19R	23.87^a	(21.14 - 26.84)	16.86	(14.74 - 19.21)	0.000
Region 14 (Orange)	20.73^a	(18.41 - 23.26)	12.78	(11.02 - 14.78)	0.000
Region 15R (Fresno)	21.87^a	(18.79 - 25.30)	17.04	(14.49 - 19.95)	0.006
Region 16R (San Diego)	22.10^a	(19.57 - 24.85)	15.48	(13.59 - 17.58)	0.000
Region 17R	24.09^a	(21.16 - 27.30)	19.50	(16.93 - 22.37)	0.013
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	25.33^a	(22.49 - 28.40)	16.23	(13.98 - 18.77)	0.000
Region 20R	23.74^a	(20.49 - 27.32)	17.67	(15.01 - 20.70)	0.001
Region 21R	24.97^a	(21.63 - 28.63)	15.87	(13.44 - 18.64)	0.000
Colorado	27.99^a	(25.71 - 30.39)	20.39	(18.69 - 22.21)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	20.84	(17.80 - 24.24)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	22.75	(19.14 - 26.81)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	17.15	(14.63 - 19.99)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	26.50	(22.42 - 31.02)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	21.41	(18.27 - 24.94)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	19.75	(16.87 - 22.98)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	21.60	(18.57 - 24.97)	--
Connecticut	25.12^a	(23.00 - 27.36)	21.26	(19.39 - 23.25)	0.003
Eastern	27.37^a	(23.48 - 31.63)	22.51	(19.01 - 26.44)	0.033
North Central	25.36^b	(22.26 - 28.73)	22.00	(19.23 - 25.04)	0.091
Northwestern	24.88	(21.58 - 28.50)	23.06	(19.87 - 26.60)	0.408
South Central	25.69^b	(22.47 - 29.19)	21.63	(18.64 - 24.95)	0.051
Southwest	22.76^a	(19.50 - 26.39)	17.39	(14.69 - 20.46)	0.007
Delaware	30.08^a	(27.72 - 32.55)	22.72	(20.89 - 24.67)	0.000
Kent	33.43^a	(29.36 - 37.77)	24.41	(21.20 - 27.93)	0.000
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	27.71^a	(24.85 - 30.76)	20.63	(18.45 - 22.99)	0.000
Sussex	32.21^a	(28.34 - 36.33)	24.47	(21.16 - 28.11)	0.002
Wilmington City	31.98	(27.75 - 36.53)	27.36	(22.97 - 32.23)	0.101
District of Columbia	28.57^a	(26.24 - 31.02)	22.63	(20.79 - 24.59)	0.000
Ward 1	28.81^a	(24.71 - 33.28)	21.25	(17.71 - 25.29)	0.002
Ward 2	28.75^a	(24.83 - 33.01)	21.14	(17.74 - 25.00)	0.001
Ward 3	24.92^a	(21.38 - 28.83)	19.40	(16.45 - 22.73)	0.010
Ward 4	24.63^a	(20.88 - 28.80)	18.25	(15.22 - 21.73)	0.003
Ward 5	28.99^b	(24.83 - 33.53)	24.74	(21.07 - 28.80)	0.099
Ward 6	28.15^a	(24.18 - 32.50)	20.48	(17.24 - 24.15)	0.001
Ward 7	30.99^a	(26.98 - 35.30)	25.41	(21.66 - 29.58)	0.026
Ward 8	34.73	(30.23 - 39.51)	31.14	(27.25 - 35.31)	0.172
Florida¹	26.87^a	(25.60 - 28.18)	20.09	(19.04 - 21.18)	0.000
Broward (Circuit 17)	24.60^a	(22.08 - 27.31)	15.03	(12.90 - 17.43)	0.000
Central I	--	(-- - --)	18.76	(16.99 - 20.67)	--
Circuit 9	25.12^a	(22.39 - 28.06)	16.72	(14.62 - 19.06)	0.000
Circuit 18	27.30^a	(24.04 - 30.84)	21.82	(18.98 - 24.94)	0.009
Central II	--	(-- - --)	21.86	(20.27 - 23.53)	--
Circuit 6	28.70^a	(25.50 - 32.14)	23.59	(20.67 - 26.79)	0.020
Circuit 10	29.72^a	(26.22 - 33.47)	24.39	(21.19 - 27.89)	0.017
Circuit 12	30.54^a	(26.60 - 34.79)	21.68	(18.54 - 25.19)	0.000
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	27.77^a	(24.83 - 30.91)	19.64	(17.15 - 22.39)	0.000
Circuit 20	25.91^a	(22.70 - 29.40)	20.81	(17.87 - 24.10)	0.015
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	23.88	(22.02 - 25.85)	--
Circuit 4	30.25^a	(26.78 - 33.96)	23.35	(20.30 - 26.69)	0.001
Circuit 5	28.98^b	(25.65 - 32.55)	24.91	(21.73 - 28.39)	0.078
Circuit 7	31.00^a	(27.34 - 34.93)	22.51	(19.36 - 26.01)	0.000
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	25.20	(21.75 - 28.98)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	25.55	(23.27 - 27.97)	--
Circuit 1	29.83^a	(26.41 - 33.49)	24.81	(21.53 - 28.40)	0.023
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	24.95	(21.56 - 28.67)	--
Circuit 14	33.68^a	(29.42 - 38.22)	28.23	(24.17 - 32.68)	0.036
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	21.06^a	(18.84 - 23.46)	13.87	(12.12 - 15.84)	0.000
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	19.09	(17.02 - 21.36)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	22.36^a	(19.45 - 25.57)	17.00	(14.63 - 19.65)	0.003
Circuit 19	28.68^a	(24.95 - 32.72)	23.71	(20.03 - 27.84)	0.043
Georgia	28.64^a	(26.34 - 31.06)	23.69	(22.21 - 25.23)	0.000
Region 1	29.38^a	(25.98 - 33.03)	22.54	(20.23 - 25.02)	0.001
Region 2	29.40	(25.34 - 33.82)	27.18	(24.03 - 30.58)	0.359
Region 3	24.64^a	(21.51 - 28.06)	18.34	(16.19 - 20.70)	0.001
Region 4	33.98	(29.27 - 39.04)	30.97	(26.78 - 35.49)	0.269
Region 5	33.72^b	(29.49 - 38.22)	29.39	(25.85 - 33.21)	0.090
Region 6	29.13	(25.26 - 33.32)	26.32	(23.30 - 29.59)	0.214
Hawaii	22.77^a	(20.63 - 25.05)	16.54	(14.91 - 18.31)	0.000
Hawaii Island	26.24^a	(22.39 - 30.48)	17.76	(14.79 - 21.18)	0.000
Honolulu	21.87^a	(19.53 - 24.42)	16.29	(14.42 - 18.36)	0.000
Kauai	23.26^a	(19.17 - 27.93)	15.64	(12.69 - 19.11)	0.001
Maui	23.94^a	(20.19 - 28.13)	17.02	(14.04 - 20.47)	0.002
Idaho	27.13^a	(25.03 - 29.33)	21.91	(20.21 - 23.72)	0.000
Region 1	30.13^a	(26.18 - 34.40)	23.52	(19.92 - 27.55)	0.008
Region 2	26.40	(22.38 - 30.86)	23.58	(19.90 - 27.70)	0.227
Region 3	29.41^a	(25.95 - 33.12)	23.58	(20.50 - 26.97)	0.006
Region 4	27.96^a	(24.81 - 31.34)	20.46	(17.95 - 23.21)	0.000
Region 5	26.15	(22.46 - 30.21)	24.33	(21.02 - 27.97)	0.428
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	22.11	(18.42 - 26.29)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	18.82	(16.11 - 21.86)	--
Illinois	28.87^a	(27.57 - 30.20)	21.01	(19.81 - 22.26)	0.000
Region 1 (Cook)	27.54^a	(25.56 - 29.62)	18.28	(16.76 - 19.91)	0.000
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	18.01	(14.97 - 21.50)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	17.47	(14.36 - 21.08)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	16.79	(13.63 - 20.51)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	20.03	(16.81 - 23.67)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	21.16	(17.96 - 24.76)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	19.30	(15.87 - 23.28)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	17.49	(15.41 - 19.78)	--
Region 2	26.42^a	(24.52 - 28.42)	18.61	(17.13 - 20.19)	0.000
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	14.40	(12.22 - 16.89)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	18.50	(16.45 - 20.75)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	24.59	(20.75 - 28.88)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	22.44	(19.63 - 25.53)	--
Region 3	33.80^a	(31.18 - 36.53)	27.64	(25.05 - 30.39)	0.001
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	21.92	(18.45 - 25.83)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	28.60	(25.69 - 31.70)	--
Region 4	32.79^a	(29.58 - 36.17)	27.93	(24.84 - 31.23)	0.026
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	25.77	(22.08 - 29.84)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	28.55	(24.89 - 32.51)	--
Region 5	34.00^a	(31.17 - 36.94)	28.00	(25.13 - 31.05)	0.002
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	24.51	(21.12 - 28.25)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	30.80	(26.82 - 35.09)	--
Indiana	31.26^a	(29.00 - 33.61)	26.72	(24.80 - 28.73)	0.001
Central	30.00^a	(26.64 - 33.58)	22.07	(19.53 - 24.83)	0.000
East	30.11	(25.88 - 34.72)	29.86	(25.68 - 34.42)	0.927
North Central	30.46	(26.60 - 34.62)	27.98	(24.36 - 31.92)	0.318
Northeast	30.99^a	(26.87 - 35.43)	24.91	(21.24 - 28.98)	0.016
Northwest	29.79	(25.90 - 33.99)	27.18	(23.33 - 31.40)	0.293
Southeast	33.70	(29.50 - 38.17)	31.35	(27.34 - 35.66)	0.380
Southwest	31.85	(27.62 - 36.40)	30.54	(26.36 - 35.07)	0.620
West	35.19^a	(31.24 - 39.36)	27.97	(24.17 - 32.12)	0.003
Iowa	30.31^a	(28.18 - 32.54)	26.26	(24.36 - 28.25)	0.003
Central	29.17	(25.75 - 32.84)	25.49	(22.21 - 29.09)	0.106
North Central	31.44^a	(27.52 - 35.64)	25.84	(22.47 - 29.52)	0.018
Northeast	30.21	(26.88 - 33.75)	27.04	(23.89 - 30.44)	0.154
Northwest	29.92	(26.23 - 33.89)	26.92	(23.49 - 30.66)	0.217
Southeast	29.18	(25.81 - 32.80)	25.97	(22.79 - 29.44)	0.140
Southwest	34.35^a	(30.00 - 38.99)	25.87	(22.13 - 29.99)	0.001
Kansas	30.48^a	(28.20 - 32.86)	25.26	(23.34 - 27.28)	0.000
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	22.28	(19.89 - 24.87)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	28.51	(24.45 - 32.94)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	27.69	(24.75 - 30.85)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	32.00	(27.19 - 37.22)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	26.11	(22.14 - 30.51)	--
Kentucky¹	37.35^a	(34.88 - 39.88)	33.73	(31.61 - 35.91)	0.018
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	39.64	(35.46 - 43.98)	37.24	(33.21 - 41.46)	0.374
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	35.22	(31.74 - 38.87)	32.34	(29.28 - 35.55)	0.203
Centerstone	34.79^a	(30.88 - 38.92)	28.20	(25.17 - 31.45)	0.004
Communicare and River Valley	39.62	(34.85 - 44.60)	35.66	(31.24 - 40.35)	0.161
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	37.78	(33.39 - 42.38)	35.23	(30.63 - 40.11)	0.372
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	41.53	(36.81 - 46.41)	40.05	(35.32 - 44.97)	0.634
Louisiana	30.43	(28.18 - 32.77)	29.61	(27.62 - 31.69)	0.571
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	24.16	(21.25 - 27.34)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	24.80	(21.20 - 28.78)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	27.46	(23.29 - 32.06)	23.43	(19.62 - 27.73)	0.108
Regions 2 and 9	30.58	(27.33 - 34.04)	29.22	(26.03 - 32.64)	0.547
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	29.71	(25.73 - 34.02)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	32.54	(28.97 - 36.33)	33.31	(30.02 - 36.76)	0.743
Regions 7 and 8	31.17	(27.67 - 34.91)	30.79	(27.32 - 34.48)	0.867
Maine	28.85^a	(26.67 - 31.14)	23.32	(21.41 - 25.35)	0.000
Aroostook/Downeast	30.90^a	(26.98 - 35.12)	25.66	(22.49 - 29.10)	0.029
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	29.87	(25.42 - 34.74)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	22.27	(18.59 - 26.45)	--
Central	29.84	(25.96 - 34.03)	26.75	(22.97 - 30.91)	0.228
Cumberland	26.14^a	(22.97 - 29.59)	18.39	(15.69 - 21.45)	0.000
Midcoast	25.51	(21.83 - 29.58)	21.71	(18.44 - 25.38)	0.108
Penquis	30.21^a	(26.43 - 34.29)	25.49	(22.00 - 29.34)	0.049
Western	31.95^a	(28.13 - 36.02)	26.56	(23.03 - 30.42)	0.027
York	28.51^a	(24.62 - 32.74)	21.80	(18.52 - 25.48)	0.006
Maryland	23.61^a	(21.38 - 26.00)	19.38	(17.77 - 21.10)	0.001
Anne Arundel	25.17^a	(21.40 - 29.35)	18.33	(15.20 - 21.93)	0.002
Baltimore City	28.38	(24.12 - 33.08)	26.84	(23.18 - 30.86)	0.560
Baltimore County	24.77^b	(21.02 - 28.94)	20.64	(17.43 - 24.27)	0.059
Montgomery	17.30^a	(14.47 - 20.55)	13.43	(11.23 - 15.98)	0.019
North Central	19.71^b	(16.41 - 23.49)	16.21	(13.55 - 19.28)	0.075
Northeast	26.52^a	(22.56 - 30.90)	21.70	(18.03 - 25.87)	0.043
Prince George's	20.43^b	(17.06 - 24.28)	16.86	(14.16 - 19.97)	0.073
South	28.17^a	(24.02 - 32.73)	21.80	(18.53 - 25.47)	0.007
West	26.88	(23.02 - 31.13)	24.09	(20.71 - 27.83)	0.239
Massachusetts	24.19^a	(22.15 - 26.35)	20.53	(18.79 - 22.39)	0.004
Boston	23.99^a	(20.31 - 28.11)	18.65	(15.56 - 22.21)	0.010
Central	26.93^b	(23.33 - 30.87)	23.06	(19.75 - 26.75)	0.090
Metrowest	20.76^b	(18.07 - 23.74)	17.77	(15.30 - 20.55)	0.087
Northeast	22.44^a	(19.40 - 25.82)	17.90	(15.19 - 20.98)	0.021
Southeast	25.88	(22.60 - 29.44)	23.28	(20.02 - 26.88)	0.236
Western	27.63	(24.27 - 31.26)	25.02	(21.66 - 28.71)	0.247
Michigan¹	30.60^a	(29.36 - 31.86)	25.32	(24.04 - 26.64)	0.000
Region 1	33.14	(29.43 - 37.07)	32.00	(27.51 - 36.85)	0.681
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	28.18	(24.68 - 31.96)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	24.13	(21.51 - 26.96)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	27.47	(24.52 - 30.64)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	27.80	(25.28 - 30.46)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	21.51	(18.78 - 24.51)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	26.45	(23.77 - 29.31)	--
Region 8	25.79^a	(23.30 - 28.44)	18.11	(15.69 - 20.81)	0.000
Region 9	30.95^a	(28.02 - 34.05)	24.58	(21.55 - 27.88)	0.002
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	29.33	(25.78 - 33.15)	--
Minnesota	27.77^a	(25.67 - 29.98)	21.90	(20.22 - 23.69)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	32.72^a	(28.56 - 37.17)	26.69	(23.38 - 30.29)	0.011
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	27.02	(22.98 - 31.48)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	26.49	(22.28 - 31.18)	--
Regions 3 and 4	30.56^a	(27.05 - 34.31)	26.14	(23.24 - 29.27)	0.038
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	25.52	(21.44 - 30.08)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	26.47	(23.02 - 30.24)	--
Regions 5 and 6	29.51^b	(26.20 - 33.04)	26.03	(23.22 - 29.05)	0.090
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	27.20	(23.40 - 31.37)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	24.84	(21.34 - 28.70)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	18.36	(16.55 - 20.33)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	24.45^a	(21.25 - 27.95)	17.28	(14.85 - 20.01)	0.000
Region 7B (Ramsey)	25.57	(22.07 - 29.41)	22.23	(18.97 - 25.88)	0.128
Region 7C	26.02^a	(22.72 - 29.61)	17.76	(15.22 - 20.61)	0.000
Mississippi	33.60	(31.33 - 35.96)	31.72	(29.66 - 33.85)	0.210
Region 1	37.16	(33.37 - 41.13)	33.54	(30.21 - 37.04)	0.142
Region 2	33.09	(28.97 - 37.49)	30.66	(26.87 - 34.73)	0.341
Region 3	30.82	(27.14 - 34.75)	32.88	(28.89 - 37.13)	0.435
Region 4	29.83^a	(26.43 - 33.46)	25.08	(21.87 - 28.60)	0.037
Region 5	33.88	(29.66 - 38.37)	37.85	(32.41 - 43.60)	0.203
Region 6	36.02	(31.59 - 40.71)	32.64	(28.49 - 37.07)	0.226
Region 7	34.20	(30.25 - 38.37)	33.82	(29.84 - 38.04)	0.885
Missouri	33.47^a	(31.10 - 35.92)	25.92	(24.09 - 27.84)	0.000
Central	36.25^a	(32.09 - 40.61)	27.20	(23.91 - 30.76)	0.000
Eastern	29.87^a	(26.92 - 32.99)	22.36	(19.91 - 25.01)	0.000
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	28.18^a	(24.73 - 31.92)	20.39	(17.50 - 23.63)	0.000
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	32.83^a	(28.77 - 37.16)	25.66	(22.26 - 29.38)	0.003
Northwest	32.74^a	(29.57 - 36.07)	26.59	(23.80 - 29.59)	0.003
Northwest (Jackson)	31.58^b	(27.55 - 35.91)	27.24	(23.62 - 31.18)	0.099
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	33.73^a	(29.67 - 38.05)	26.05	(22.45 - 30.01)	0.003
Southeast	39.79^a	(35.24 - 44.52)	31.89	(27.90 - 36.17)	0.006
Southwest	35.73^a	(31.77 - 39.89)	27.16	(23.66 - 30.96)	0.001
Montana	31.79^a	(29.53 - 34.14)	27.15	(25.31 - 29.06)	0.001
Region 1	34.44	(30.02 - 39.14)	30.56	(26.19 - 35.32)	0.163
Region 2	33.20	(29.22 - 37.44)	29.04	(25.30 - 33.10)	0.104
Region 3	31.31^b	(27.65 - 35.22)	27.01	(23.97 - 30.28)	0.058
Region 4	31.98^a	(28.77 - 35.38)	27.71	(24.75 - 30.87)	0.048
Region 5	30.65^a	(27.42 - 34.09)	24.98	(22.26 - 27.92)	0.006
Nebraska	29.67^a	(27.48 - 31.96)	25.13	(23.23 - 27.13)	0.001
Regions 1 and 2	31.46	(27.87 - 35.28)	30.02	(26.22 - 34.11)	0.523
Region 1	30.19	(25.86 - 34.91)	30.35	(25.51 - 35.67)	0.954
Region 2	32.53	(28.02 - 37.40)	29.72	(25.10 - 34.80)	0.317
Region 3	28.16	(24.41 - 32.24)	28.82	(25.11 - 32.84)	0.789
Region 4	30.73^a	(26.69 - 35.08)	25.24	(21.65 - 29.22)	0.024
Region 5	30.43^a	(27.08 - 34.00)	24.31	(21.29 - 27.61)	0.005
Region 6	28.91^a	(26.08 - 31.93)	23.36	(20.97 - 25.94)	0.002
Nevada¹	28.39^a	(25.91 - 31.01)	24.20	(22.14 - 26.39)	0.007
Clark – Region 1	28.60^a	(25.75 - 31.64)	23.25	(20.96 - 25.71)	0.003
Region 3	28.75	(24.70 - 33.16)	27.93	(24.24 - 31.95)	0.739
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	27.40	(22.82 - 32.52)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	28.41	(23.77 - 33.54)	--
Washoe – Region 2	27.11	(23.56 - 30.98)	25.71	(22.11 - 29.67)	0.549
New Hampshire	28.57^a	(26.34 - 30.92)	21.62	(19.80 - 23.56)	0.000
Central	29.86^a	(26.85 - 33.05)	23.66	(20.98 - 26.56)	0.001
Central 1	31.17^a	(27.15 - 35.49)	24.33	(20.94 - 28.07)	0.005
Central 2	28.62^a	(25.09 - 32.43)	22.99	(19.65 - 26.72)	0.015
Northern	29.46^a	(25.41 - 33.86)	23.53	(20.14 - 27.29)	0.015
Southern	27.76^a	(25.19 - 30.47)	20.22	(18.13 - 22.47)	0.000
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	27.53^a	(24.00 - 31.37)	19.51	(16.63 - 22.74)	0.000
Southern 2	27.89^a	(24.85 - 31.15)	20.66	(18.07 - 23.51)	0.000
New Jersey	25.41^a	(23.23 - 27.73)	19.68	(18.19 - 21.26)	0.000
Central	24.69^a	(21.48 - 28.22)	19.89	(17.43 - 22.61)	0.014
Metropolitan	25.33^a	(22.12 - 28.84)	18.43	(16.04 - 21.09)	0.000
Northern	22.79^a	(19.89 - 25.97)	17.64	(15.51 - 20.00)	0.004
Southern	30.13^a	(26.42 - 34.11)	24.09	(21.28 - 27.14)	0.006
New Mexico	26.46	(24.44 - 28.60)	25.42	(23.42 - 27.53)	0.457
Region 1	27.37	(24.23 - 30.74)	26.98	(23.53 - 30.74)	0.864
Region 2	24.21	(20.86 - 27.92)	22.14	(18.76 - 25.94)	0.354
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	25.32	(22.42 - 28.47)	24.99	(22.16 - 28.05)	0.867
Region 4	30.97	(27.01 - 35.23)	26.98	(23.43 - 30.85)	0.105
Region 5	26.29	(23.07 - 29.79)	25.89	(22.76 - 29.30)	0.852
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	28.33	(24.12 - 32.95)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	23.73	(20.13 - 27.75)	--
New York¹	24.44^a	(23.21 - 25.71)	19.13	(18.09 - 20.21)	0.000
Region 1: Long Island	22.45^a	(20.21 - 24.86)	16.03	(14.12 - 18.14)	0.000
Region 2: New York City	21.81^a	(20.19 - 23.52)	16.00	(14.68 - 17.40)	0.000
Region 2A: Bronx	22.90^a	(19.90 - 26.20)	15.79	(13.51 - 18.38)	0.000
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	15.11	(13.18 - 17.26)	--
Region 2C: New York	25.62^a	(22.50 - 29.00)	16.86	(14.35 - 19.70)	0.000
Region 2D: Queens	19.33^a	(16.90 - 22.03)	15.89	(13.57 - 18.53)	0.033
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	18.83	(15.66 - 22.46)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	16.09	(14.01 - 18.42)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	24.59	(21.61 - 27.83)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	28.38	(23.93 - 33.29)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	28.11	(24.19 - 32.40)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	29.03	(24.91 - 33.53)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	26.10	(23.20 - 29.23)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	24.89	(21.53 - 28.58)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	23.35	(20.81 - 26.10)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	28.81	(25.87 - 31.94)	--
North Carolina¹	30.51^a	(28.26 - 32.85)	24.75	(23.22 - 26.35)	0.000
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	22.07	(18.90 - 25.60)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	17.07	(14.50 - 19.99)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	25.12	(21.67 - 28.92)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	26.14	(22.60 - 30.02)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	26.04^a	(22.35 - 30.12)	19.98	(17.08 - 23.23)	0.004
CenterPoint Human Services	30.69^b	(26.20 - 35.57)	25.68	(22.05 - 29.69)	0.053
Eastpointe	32.73	(28.18 - 37.63)	30.82	(26.94 - 34.99)	0.487
Partners Behavioral Health Management	36.26^a	(31.94 - 40.80)	27.72	(24.22 - 31.52)	0.001
Sandhills Center 1	32.73^b	(28.15 - 37.67)	27.96	(24.21 - 32.05)	0.073
Sandhills Center 2	27.84^a	(23.82 - 32.24)	22.20	(18.76 - 26.08)	0.018
Smoky Mountain Center 1	34.34	(29.70 - 39.30)	30.21	(26.34 - 34.38)	0.149
Smoky Mountain Center 2	31.37^a	(27.01 - 36.07)	25.31	(21.36 - 29.72)	0.028
Trillium Health Resources 1	31.99^a	(27.49 - 36.85)	25.83	(22.27 - 29.74)	0.013
Trillium Health Resources 2	31.65^a	(27.38 - 36.25)	25.87	(22.09 - 30.04)	0.018
North Dakota	29.39^a	(27.32 - 31.55)	26.30	(24.38 - 28.31)	0.023
Badlands and West Central	28.82	(25.65 - 32.22)	25.68	(22.84 - 28.75)	0.134
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	26.86	(22.61 - 31.59)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	25.33	(22.16 - 28.80)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	33.00	(28.22 - 38.17)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	26.70	(22.85 - 30.93)	--
Northeast	30.43^a	(26.84 - 34.28)	25.81	(22.28 - 29.68)	0.046
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	28.97	(24.83 - 33.48)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	29.42	(25.31 - 33.90)	--
Southeast	29.17^a	(26.30 - 32.21)	24.13	(21.39 - 27.10)	0.009
Ohio	31.98^a	(30.71 - 33.29)	27.40	(26.12 - 28.71)	0.000
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	34.01^b	(30.60 - 37.60)	29.94	(25.98 - 34.23)	0.090
Boards 3, 52, and 85	31.41^a	(27.82 - 35.24)	22.54	(19.34 - 26.08)	0.000
Boards 4 and 78	34.09	(30.01 - 38.41)	33.33	(29.47 - 37.42)	0.764
Boards 5 and 60	34.43	(30.92 - 38.12)	35.68	(31.50 - 40.09)	0.627
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	33.14	(29.56 - 36.93)	29.99	(25.88 - 34.44)	0.228
Boards 8, 13, and 83	31.53^a	(28.09 - 35.19)	25.49	(21.91 - 29.44)	0.010
Board 9 (Butler)	33.03^a	(29.40 - 36.87)	27.27	(23.56 - 31.32)	0.013
Board 12	32.67	(29.16 - 36.39)	28.79	(24.80 - 33.13)	0.111
Boards 18 and 47	30.23^a	(27.69 - 32.89)	25.31	(22.67 - 28.15)	0.007
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	31.87^b	(28.34 - 35.63)	27.88	(24.34 - 31.72)	0.093
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	34.14^a	(30.46 - 38.03)	25.77	(22.49 - 29.34)	0.000
Boards 22, 74, and 87	34.63^a	(30.80 - 38.68)	29.37	(25.93 - 33.05)	0.026
Boards 23 and 45	30.64	(27.16 - 34.35)	26.97	(23.07 - 31.25)	0.129
Board 25 (Franklin)	30.85^a	(28.01 - 33.83)	23.66	(21.00 - 26.54)	0.000
Boards 27, 71, and 73	38.32	(34.42 - 42.38)	35.36	(31.30 - 39.65)	0.262
Boards 28, 43, and 67	30.44^b	(27.21 - 33.88)	26.35	(22.78 - 30.25)	0.074
Board 31 (Hamilton)	28.93^b	(25.88 - 32.19)	25.30	(22.20 - 28.67)	0.085
Board 48 (Lucas)	31.94	(28.46 - 35.65)	30.77	(26.79 - 35.05)	0.634
Boards 50 and 76	32.26	(28.79 - 35.94)	30.35	(26.81 - 34.14)	0.416
Board 57 (Montgomery)	29.54	(26.25 - 33.05)	27.56	(23.97 - 31.47)	0.397
Board 77 (Summit)	32.59^a	(29.22 - 36.14)	23.84	(20.50 - 27.54)	0.000
Oklahoma	35.35^a	(32.87 - 37.90)	29.48	(27.49 - 31.55)	0.000
Central	35.92^a	(31.71 - 40.35)	26.53	(22.94 - 30.46)	0.000
East Central	37.92	(33.11 - 42.98)	34.70	(30.22 - 39.46)	0.263
Northeast	34.65^a	(30.64 - 38.90)	29.65	(25.93 - 33.66)	0.041
Northwest and Southwest	36.15	(31.87 - 40.65)	33.62	(29.63 - 37.84)	0.339
Oklahoma County	33.51^a	(29.43 - 37.84)	25.09	(21.74 - 28.77)	0.001
Southeast	40.47	(35.89 - 45.22)	36.07	(32.13 - 40.20)	0.109
Tulsa County	30.54^a	(26.86 - 34.50)	24.19	(20.91 - 27.79)	0.005
Oregon	29.12^a	(26.91 - 31.44)	22.10	(20.33 - 23.98)	0.000
Region 1 (Multnomah)	30.10^a	(26.40 - 34.08)	20.42	(17.54 - 23.64)	0.000
Region 2	24.19^a	(21.03 - 27.66)	16.24	(13.88 - 18.90)	0.000
Region 3	30.17^a	(26.95 - 33.59)	25.41	(22.63 - 28.39)	0.021
Region 4	32.69^a	(28.59 - 37.07)	27.24	(23.39 - 31.46)	0.041
Region 5 (Central)	29.93^a	(25.60 - 34.66)	19.94	(16.27 - 24.19)	0.000
Region 6 (Eastern)	30.50^a	(26.16 - 35.21)	23.84	(20.01 - 28.14)	0.011
Pennsylvania	30.78^a	(29.46 - 32.15)	25.88	(24.57 - 27.23)	0.000
Region 1 (Allegheny)	31.07^a	(28.04 - 34.28)	26.25	(23.27 - 29.46)	0.026
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	34.06^a	(30.50 - 37.82)	29.30	(25.81 - 33.05)	0.045
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	33.25^a	(29.98 - 36.68)	28.04	(24.65 - 31.71)	0.021
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	30.94	(27.16 - 35.00)	28.44	(25.15 - 31.99)	0.275
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	35.04^a	(31.67 - 38.55)	29.61	(26.03 - 33.47)	0.021
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	26.63^a	(24.32 - 29.08)	17.73	(15.75 - 19.89)	0.000
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	35.77	(32.02 - 39.71)	32.36	(28.42 - 36.56)	0.194
Regions 17 and 21	31.49	(27.92 - 35.30)	30.86	(26.56 - 35.53)	0.810
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	29.55	(26.49 - 32.80)	26.48	(23.76 - 29.39)	0.119
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	35.33^a	(31.96 - 38.85)	28.85	(25.31 - 32.68)	0.006
Regions 29 and 34	27.47^a	(24.14 - 31.08)	22.98	(19.63 - 26.71)	0.043
Regions 30 and 50	31.00	(27.60 - 34.62)	31.59	(27.72 - 35.74)	0.815
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	30.18^b	(27.30 - 33.22)	26.52	(23.52 - 29.76)	0.072
Rhode Island	27.32^a	(25.04 - 29.72)	22.08	(20.22 - 24.05)	0.000
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	23.14	(19.77 - 26.89)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	24.03	(20.92 - 27.43)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	21.58	(18.38 - 25.15)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	22.32	(19.16 - 25.84)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	21.66	(18.29 - 25.46)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	19.62	(16.32 - 23.40)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	19.37	(16.26 - 22.91)	--
South Carolina	30.73^a	(28.42 - 33.14)	27.12	(25.16 - 29.17)	0.011
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	29.76	(26.70 - 33.01)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	25.39	(22.37 - 28.65)	--
Region 3	33.43^b	(29.28 - 37.85)	29.25	(25.67 - 33.11)	0.095
Region 4	29.13^a	(25.72 - 32.78)	24.27	(21.43 - 27.36)	0.020
South Dakota	31.83^a	(29.61 - 34.13)	27.16	(25.26 - 29.15)	0.001
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	28.61	(25.35 - 32.10)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	33.06	(28.68 - 37.76)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	26.65	(23.60 - 29.94)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	27.53	(23.83 - 31.58)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	24.24	(21.51 - 27.19)	--
Tennessee	34.15^a	(31.75 - 36.63)	28.90	(26.95 - 30.93)	0.001
Region 1	36.05^b	(31.61 - 40.75)	31.16	(26.77 - 35.91)	0.099
Region 2	36.77^a	(32.75 - 40.98)	31.64	(28.07 - 35.44)	0.050
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	30.67	(27.09 - 34.51)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	30.67^a	(26.76 - 34.88)	24.57	(20.78 - 28.79)	0.015
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	28.34	(25.24 - 31.67)	--
Region 6	38.35^a	(33.81 - 43.11)	32.54	(28.28 - 37.12)	0.049
Region 7 (Shelby)	26.62	(23.00 - 30.59)	23.68	(20.28 - 27.45)	0.202
Texas	26.86^a	(25.64 - 28.11)	22.05	(21.05 - 23.07)	0.000
Region 1	30.19	(26.87 - 33.73)	28.28	(24.69 - 32.17)	0.393
Region 2	33.08	(29.32 - 37.07)	32.53	(28.32 - 37.04)	0.832
Region 3	26.86^a	(24.97 - 28.84)	20.20	(18.75 - 21.74)	0.000
Region 3a	25.55^a	(23.23 - 28.01)	18.78	(17.03 - 20.66)	0.000
Region 3bc	29.17^a	(26.51 - 31.98)	22.75	(20.47 - 25.21)	0.000
Region 4	32.06	(28.44 - 35.91)	31.52	(27.95 - 35.33)	0.818
Region 5	32.28	(28.52 - 36.29)	31.73	(27.84 - 35.90)	0.824
Region 6	25.66^a	(23.66 - 27.77)	19.69	(18.04 - 21.46)	0.000
Region 6a	25.19^a	(23.05 - 27.45)	19.29	(17.52 - 21.19)	0.000
Region 6bc	29.52^a	(25.89 - 33.43)	23.20	(19.87 - 26.90)	0.005
Region 7	27.15^a	(25.00 - 29.41)	22.70	(20.65 - 24.88)	0.002
Region 7a	25.03^a	(22.47 - 27.77)	20.56	(18.00 - 23.39)	0.011
Region 7bcd	30.65^a	(27.42 - 34.09)	26.56	(23.42 - 29.95)	0.048
Region 8	25.64^b	(22.98 - 28.49)	22.36	(19.94 - 24.98)	0.059
Region 9	28.96^b	(25.48 - 32.70)	24.78	(21.28 - 28.65)	0.057
Region 10	22.99^a	(19.93 - 26.38)	17.80	(15.18 - 20.76)	0.005
Region 11	24.16^a	(21.88 - 26.59)	21.18	(19.06 - 23.48)	0.044
Region 11abd	25.82^a	(22.94 - 28.92)	21.24	(18.48 - 24.28)	0.016
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	21.10	(18.06 - 24.50)	21.10	(18.13 - 24.40)	0.998
Utah	16.79^a	(15.00 - 18.76)	14.41	(12.98 - 15.97)	0.043
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	16.23	(13.36 - 19.58)	13.96	(11.48 - 16.88)	0.185
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	17.83	(14.76 - 21.38)	16.20	(13.66 - 19.10)	0.376
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	18.06	(14.61 - 22.13)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	15.06	(12.15 - 18.51)	--
Davis County	17.79^a	(14.92 - 21.09)	13.31	(10.79 - 16.31)	0.012
Salt Lake County	17.72	(15.30 - 20.43)	15.30	(13.33 - 17.50)	0.122
Utah County	13.12	(10.82 - 15.82)	11.29	(9.36 - 13.57)	0.196
Weber, Morgan	18.46	(15.19 - 22.25)	16.74	(13.83 - 20.12)	0.395
Vermont	27.64^b	(25.41 - 29.99)	25.24	(23.34 - 27.24)	0.083
Champlain Valley	25.87	(23.12 - 28.82)	23.64	(21.03 - 26.46)	0.235
Rural Northeast	30.36	(26.70 - 34.29)	28.62	(25.34 - 32.14)	0.456
Rural Southeast	27.29^b	(23.60 - 31.32)	22.93	(19.84 - 26.33)	0.059
Rural Southwest	28.32	(24.66 - 32.29)	27.37	(23.83 - 31.23)	0.689
Virginia	27.16^a	(25.00 - 29.44)	21.44	(20.05 - 22.89)	0.000
Region 1	29.80^a	(26.24 - 33.63)	22.74	(20.07 - 25.66)	0.001
Region 2	19.86^a	(17.04 - 23.03)	12.94	(11.14 - 14.98)	0.000
Region 3	33.79	(29.80 - 38.02)	29.96	(26.94 - 33.17)	0.107
Region 4	28.42^a	(24.76 - 32.39)	23.70	(20.96 - 26.68)	0.028
Region 5	27.82^a	(24.41 - 31.51)	23.51	(20.93 - 26.31)	0.038
Washington¹	27.74^a	(25.58 - 30.01)	21.08	(19.34 - 22.94)	0.000
Region 1	28.65^a	(25.72 - 31.76)	24.48	(21.71 - 27.47)	0.021
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	22.36	(19.18 - 25.90)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	27.63	(23.55 - 32.12)	--
Region 2	25.16^a	(22.53 - 27.98)	17.70	(15.73 - 19.85)	0.000
King	23.81^a	(20.69 - 27.24)	16.44	(14.20 - 18.95)	0.000
North Sound	27.46^a	(24.00 - 31.22)	19.95	(16.93 - 23.36)	0.000
Region 3	30.73^a	(27.77 - 33.85)	23.67	(21.30 - 26.21)	0.000
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	23.31	(19.90 - 27.11)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	23.19	(19.24 - 27.68)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	24.51	(21.14 - 28.22)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	23.26	(19.22 - 27.85)	--
West Virginia	39.25	(36.68 - 41.88)	36.81	(34.62 - 39.05)	0.144
Region I	37.61	(32.78 - 42.71)	37.29	(32.66 - 42.17)	0.918
Region II	39.05^a	(34.55 - 43.74)	31.04	(27.17 - 35.19)	0.005
Region III	40.07	(35.35 - 44.98)	37.10	(32.42 - 42.05)	0.328
Region IV	37.26	(33.33 - 41.36)	36.96	(33.18 - 40.90)	0.909
Region V	39.94	(36.14 - 43.86)	37.17	(33.77 - 40.70)	0.276
Region VI	40.89	(36.57 - 45.37)	40.26	(36.22 - 44.43)	0.828
Wisconsin	29.52^a	(27.26 - 31.89)	24.34	(22.40 - 26.39)	0.000
Milwaukee	28.95^a	(25.21 - 33.01)	24.23	(20.75 - 28.08)	0.049
Northeastern	32.03^a	(28.41 - 35.88)	24.65	(21.41 - 28.20)	0.002
Northern	31.51	(27.29 - 36.07)	27.37	(23.42 - 31.72)	0.113
Southeastern	25.93^b	(22.55 - 29.62)	22.35	(19.33 - 25.70)	0.095
Southern	28.98^a	(25.36 - 32.88)	23.01	(19.99 - 26.34)	0.008
Western	31.01^b	(27.29 - 34.99)	26.92	(23.28 - 30.91)	0.085
Wyoming	34.21^a	(31.89 - 36.60)	27.40	(25.42 - 29.48)	0.000
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	33.84^a	(29.95 - 37.96)	25.97	(22.53 - 29.73)	0.001
Judicial District 2	33.10^a	(29.24 - 37.21)	25.76	(22.23 - 29.64)	0.002
Judicial District 3	31.40^a	(27.59 - 35.47)	26.22	(22.53 - 30.28)	0.034
Judicial District 4	34.44^a	(29.72 - 39.48)	24.79	(20.87 - 29.17)	0.000
Judicial District 5	30.67^b	(26.69 - 34.97)	26.23	(22.51 - 30.33)	0.075
Judicial District 6	38.16^a	(33.83 - 42.70)	31.31	(27.17 - 35.78)	0.014
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	38.41^a	(34.35 - 42.63)	29.42	(25.78 - 33.34)	0.000
Judicial District 8	33.93	(29.22 - 38.98)	31.43	(27.18 - 36.02)	0.388
Judicial District 9	33.75^a	(29.52 - 38.26)	26.44	(22.83 - 30.41)	0.004
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 7 – Cigarette Use in the Past Month among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	23.46^a	(23.08 - 23.85)	18.03	(17.73 - 18.33)	0.000
Northeast	22.26^a	(21.56 - 22.99)	17.05	(16.48 - 17.64)	0.000
Midwest	25.50^a	(24.88 - 26.13)	19.82	(19.31 - 20.34)	0.000
South	24.58^a	(23.96 - 25.21)	19.55	(19.13 - 19.97)	0.000
West	20.71^a	(19.96 - 21.49)	14.76	(14.25 - 15.28)	0.000
Alabama	27.15^a	(25.05 - 29.35)	23.63	(21.84 - 25.53)	0.009
Region 1	27.09	(23.90 - 30.54)	25.33	(22.33 - 28.57)	0.427
Region 2	27.60	(24.52 - 30.90)	24.16	(21.24 - 27.34)	0.105
Region 3	25.81^b	(22.42 - 29.52)	21.43	(18.38 - 24.84)	0.055
Region 4	27.63^a	(24.18 - 31.37)	22.50	(19.50 - 25.82)	0.021
Alaska	25.62^a	(23.45 - 27.92)	19.16	(17.53 - 20.89)	0.000
Anchorage	23.80^a	(21.18 - 26.62)	15.85	(13.79 - 18.16)	0.000
Northern	29.20^b	(25.63 - 33.05)	24.99	(21.81 - 28.46)	0.070
South Central	25.66^a	(22.06 - 29.62)	19.80	(17.13 - 22.76)	0.007
Southeast	25.59^a	(21.48 - 30.18)	18.09	(14.89 - 21.81)	0.003
Arizona¹	22.55^a	(20.42 - 24.84)	17.27	(15.56 - 19.11)	0.000
Central	22.14^a	(19.62 - 24.88)	14.97	(13.07 - 17.09)	0.000
North	--	(-- - --)	22.55	(18.80 - 26.79)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	19.90	(17.27 - 22.83)	--
South A	22.08	(18.78 - 25.77)	19.53	(16.20 - 23.35)	0.258
South B	--	(-- - --)	20.35	(16.87 - 24.33)	--
Arkansas	29.77^a	(27.50 - 32.15)	24.55	(22.66 - 26.55)	0.000
Catchment Area 1	26.33^a	(22.74 - 30.26)	20.64	(17.48 - 24.21)	0.013
Catchment Area 2	30.86^a	(26.80 - 35.25)	25.52	(21.39 - 30.16)	0.047
Catchment Area 3	33.52^a	(29.44 - 37.86)	24.93	(21.21 - 29.06)	0.002
Catchment Area 4	31.28^a	(26.94 - 35.97)	25.19	(21.15 - 29.71)	0.033
Catchment Area 5	29.21^a	(25.72 - 32.96)	23.55	(20.34 - 27.08)	0.016
Catchment Area 6	32.19	(27.66 - 37.08)	28.13	(23.76 - 32.95)	0.172
Catchment Area 7	29.30	(24.98 - 34.03)	29.52	(24.82 - 34.70)	0.940
Catchment Area 8	28.14	(24.58 - 31.99)	24.33	(21.07 - 27.91)	0.111
California	18.89^a	(17.80 - 20.03)	12.48	(11.77 - 13.24)	0.000
Region 1R	24.15^a	(20.81 - 27.83)	19.70	(17.00 - 22.72)	0.032
Region 2R	19.88^a	(17.11 - 22.97)	11.93	(9.65 - 14.67)	0.000
Region 3R (Sacramento)	21.00^a	(18.13 - 24.19)	14.78	(12.49 - 17.41)	0.000
Region 4R	18.00^a	(15.31 - 21.04)	11.88	(9.70 - 14.47)	0.000
Region 5R (San Francisco)	19.67^a	(16.60 - 23.15)	13.11	(10.54 - 16.19)	0.001
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	15.36^a	(13.09 - 17.93)	9.41	(7.87 - 11.22)	0.000
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	15.50^a	(12.96 - 18.43)	10.76	(8.78 - 13.12)	0.002
Region 8R (Alameda)	17.10^a	(14.63 - 19.89)	10.70	(8.72 - 13.08)	0.000
Region 9R (San Mateo)	15.18^a	(12.63 - 18.13)	10.29	(8.40 - 12.54)	0.001
Region 10	17.98^a	(15.50 - 20.75)	11.65	(9.37 - 14.39)	0.000
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	18.34^a	(16.94 - 19.84)	12.13	(11.09 - 13.26)	0.000
LA SPA 1 and 5	17.46^a	(14.68 - 20.63)	11.52	(9.43 - 13.98)	0.000
LA SPA 2	17.96^a	(15.53 - 20.68)	11.69	(9.70 - 14.03)	0.000
LA SPA 3	15.55^a	(13.21 - 18.22)	10.58	(8.74 - 12.76)	0.001
LA SPA 4	22.02^a	(19.02 - 25.35)	13.24	(10.79 - 16.14)	0.000
LA SPA 6	20.53^a	(17.39 - 24.06)	14.67	(12.04 - 17.76)	0.004
LA SPA 7	18.44^a	(15.73 - 21.50)	11.60	(9.38 - 14.26)	0.000
LA SPA 8	18.40^a	(15.66 - 21.50)	12.98	(10.87 - 15.43)	0.001
Region 12R	20.53^a	(17.42 - 24.03)	14.77	(12.10 - 17.91)	0.002
Regions 13 and 19R	20.42^a	(17.93 - 23.16)	13.58	(11.66 - 15.76)	0.000
Region 14 (Orange)	17.50^a	(15.30 - 19.93)	10.54	(8.84 - 12.52)	0.000
Region 15R (Fresno)	18.76^a	(16.03 - 21.83)	13.16	(10.83 - 15.91)	0.001
Region 16R (San Diego)	19.10^a	(16.85 - 21.57)	12.58	(10.79 - 14.63)	0.000
Region 17R	20.57^a	(17.85 - 23.59)	15.50	(13.13 - 18.21)	0.003
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	21.64^a	(18.96 - 24.59)	13.42	(11.28 - 15.89)	0.000
Region 20R	20.23^a	(17.37 - 23.42)	14.12	(11.66 - 16.99)	0.001
Region 21R	21.23^a	(18.15 - 24.67)	12.75	(10.43 - 15.49)	0.000
Colorado	22.78^a	(20.75 - 24.94)	15.97	(14.47 - 17.60)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	15.55	(12.94 - 18.59)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	17.64	(14.14 - 21.80)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	12.95	(10.82 - 15.43)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	20.62	(16.95 - 24.86)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	18.48	(15.37 - 22.06)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	15.24	(12.72 - 18.16)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	17.63	(14.70 - 20.99)	--
Connecticut	21.56^a	(19.60 - 23.66)	16.55	(14.90 - 18.34)	0.000
Eastern	23.85^a	(20.39 - 27.68)	17.18	(14.18 - 20.66)	0.002
North Central	22.28^a	(19.36 - 25.49)	17.34	(14.70 - 20.35)	0.015
Northwestern	21.19	(18.20 - 24.52)	18.59	(15.63 - 21.97)	0.210
South Central	21.37^a	(18.40 - 24.67)	16.12	(13.57 - 19.04)	0.008
Southwest	19.54^a	(16.47 - 23.03)	13.73	(11.21 - 16.71)	0.002
Delaware	24.87^a	(22.74 - 27.13)	18.55	(16.84 - 20.39)	0.000
Kent	27.21^a	(23.54 - 31.22)	20.85	(17.71 - 24.39)	0.008
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	22.70^a	(20.12 - 25.50)	16.58	(14.46 - 18.95)	0.000
Sussex	26.93^a	(23.34 - 30.85)	18.76	(15.90 - 22.01)	0.000
Wilmington City	27.78	(23.86 - 32.06)	25.23	(20.69 - 30.39)	0.386
District of Columbia	24.61^a	(22.52 - 26.82)	18.78	(17.04 - 20.66)	0.000
Ward 1	26.15^a	(22.56 - 30.08)	17.39	(13.99 - 21.42)	0.000
Ward 2	24.21^a	(20.58 - 28.26)	16.73	(13.47 - 20.57)	0.001
Ward 3	20.87^a	(17.77 - 24.36)	15.42	(12.64 - 18.69)	0.008
Ward 4	20.91^a	(17.50 - 24.79)	15.36	(12.40 - 18.89)	0.010
Ward 5	24.95	(21.09 - 29.25)	22.02	(18.31 - 26.23)	0.264
Ward 6	23.58^a	(20.04 - 27.54)	15.42	(12.50 - 18.87)	0.000
Ward 7	26.59^a	(22.76 - 30.81)	21.12	(17.49 - 25.26)	0.038
Ward 8	31.07	(26.76 - 35.75)	27.63	(23.52 - 32.16)	0.228
Florida¹	22.57^a	(21.43 - 23.76)	16.39	(15.45 - 17.37)	0.000
Broward (Circuit 17)	21.22^a	(18.77 - 23.89)	12.47	(10.46 - 14.79)	0.000
Central I	--	(-- - --)	15.52	(13.84 - 17.37)	--
Circuit 9	21.61^a	(19.08 - 24.38)	14.08	(12.12 - 16.29)	0.000
Circuit 18	22.94^a	(20.04 - 26.12)	17.69	(15.04 - 20.70)	0.007
Central II	--	(-- - --)	17.54	(16.11 - 19.06)	--
Circuit 6	23.40^a	(20.53 - 26.53)	18.37	(15.70 - 21.37)	0.010
Circuit 10	24.28^b	(21.17 - 27.70)	20.52	(17.32 - 24.14)	0.087
Circuit 12	25.19^a	(21.66 - 29.08)	17.59	(14.67 - 20.96)	0.001
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	23.83^a	(21.09 - 26.79)	15.64	(13.37 - 18.20)	0.000
Circuit 20	21.41^a	(18.69 - 24.40)	16.78	(14.06 - 19.89)	0.018
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	19.65	(18.01 - 21.41)	--
Circuit 4	24.72^a	(21.67 - 28.03)	18.67	(15.99 - 21.67)	0.003
Circuit 5	24.43^b	(21.33 - 27.82)	20.59	(17.56 - 23.99)	0.087
Circuit 7	25.26^a	(22.00 - 28.82)	18.76	(15.88 - 22.02)	0.002
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	21.30	(17.91 - 25.14)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	20.49	(18.33 - 22.84)	--
Circuit 1	24.70^a	(21.39 - 28.34)	19.67	(16.59 - 23.16)	0.023
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	20.26	(17.01 - 23.96)	--
Circuit 14	27.40^b	(23.63 - 31.53)	22.80	(18.99 - 27.11)	0.070
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	18.80^a	(16.72 - 21.06)	11.57	(9.96 - 13.40)	0.000
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	15.56	(13.64 - 17.70)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	18.64^a	(16.03 - 21.57)	13.85	(11.69 - 16.35)	0.004
Circuit 19	24.30^a	(20.95 - 27.99)	19.33	(15.83 - 23.40)	0.044
Georgia	23.97^a	(21.87 - 26.21)	18.31	(17.01 - 19.69)	0.000
Region 1	24.75^a	(21.52 - 28.27)	16.97	(14.91 - 19.26)	0.000
Region 2	23.96^b	(20.37 - 27.97)	19.66	(16.83 - 22.85)	0.052
Region 3	21.21^a	(18.28 - 24.47)	13.88	(12.03 - 15.97)	0.000
Region 4	28.28	(24.00 - 32.99)	24.61	(20.48 - 29.27)	0.177
Region 5	28.16	(24.37 - 32.28)	24.73	(21.29 - 28.52)	0.171
Region 6	23.51	(19.98 - 27.46)	21.12	(18.31 - 24.24)	0.278
Hawaii	20.39^a	(18.37 - 22.56)	13.36	(11.89 - 14.98)	0.000
Hawaii Island	23.78^a	(20.11 - 27.89)	13.91	(11.28 - 17.04)	0.000
Honolulu	19.48^a	(17.26 - 21.90)	13.20	(11.52 - 15.09)	0.000
Kauai	20.88^a	(17.10 - 25.23)	12.43	(9.67 - 15.86)	0.000
Maui	21.76^a	(18.22 - 25.76)	14.10	(11.39 - 17.31)	0.000
Idaho	23.24^a	(21.33 - 25.27)	17.54	(16.00 - 19.20)	0.000
Region 1	25.77^a	(22.07 - 29.86)	18.13	(15.01 - 21.74)	0.001
Region 2	22.01^a	(18.47 - 26.02)	17.21	(13.89 - 21.13)	0.031
Region 3	25.62^a	(22.17 - 29.41)	18.51	(15.65 - 21.77)	0.001
Region 4	23.75^a	(20.89 - 26.87)	16.15	(13.95 - 18.63)	0.000
Region 5	22.27	(18.87 - 26.09)	20.53	(17.40 - 24.06)	0.416
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	18.97	(15.29 - 23.31)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	15.88	(13.27 - 18.88)	--
Illinois	24.58^a	(23.34 - 25.86)	17.15	(16.04 - 18.32)	0.000
Region 1 (Cook)	24.11^a	(22.20 - 26.13)	15.08	(13.69 - 16.58)	0.000
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	15.22	(12.21 - 18.80)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	15.36	(12.18 - 19.19)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	14.66	(11.56 - 18.40)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	18.21	(14.82 - 22.16)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	18.26	(15.16 - 21.83)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	17.34	(13.91 - 21.41)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	13.36	(11.49 - 15.49)	--
Region 2	22.00^a	(20.26 - 23.85)	14.67	(13.34 - 16.11)	0.000
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	10.69	(8.74 - 13.02)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	14.44	(12.61 - 16.48)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	19.72	(16.16 - 23.85)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	18.96	(16.27 - 21.97)	--
Region 3	28.30^a	(25.82 - 30.93)	23.65	(21.07 - 26.43)	0.012
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	17.27	(13.93 - 21.23)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	24.71	(21.84 - 27.82)	--
Region 4	27.72^a	(24.92 - 30.71)	23.05	(20.03 - 26.38)	0.027
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	20.83	(17.26 - 24.91)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	23.70	(20.11 - 27.71)	--
Region 5	28.52^a	(25.92 - 31.28)	22.49	(19.87 - 25.34)	0.002
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	19.24	(16.12 - 22.80)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	25.10	(21.45 - 29.14)	--
Indiana	26.28^a	(24.22 - 28.45)	21.36	(19.67 - 23.16)	0.000
Central	24.93^a	(21.79 - 28.36)	17.42	(15.01 - 20.13)	0.000
East	25.25	(21.27 - 29.69)	24.36	(20.36 - 28.86)	0.747
North Central	25.72	(22.31 - 29.45)	22.37	(18.88 - 26.31)	0.153
Northeast	26.59^a	(22.92 - 30.61)	20.06	(16.70 - 23.90)	0.007
Northwest	25.35	(21.70 - 29.40)	21.64	(18.07 - 25.70)	0.129
Southeast	28.27	(24.37 - 32.54)	25.86	(22.12 - 29.99)	0.357
Southwest	26.57	(22.79 - 30.72)	24.72	(20.73 - 29.19)	0.468
West	29.55^a	(25.88 - 33.50)	21.51	(17.87 - 25.67)	0.001
Iowa	24.94^a	(22.94 - 27.06)	20.94	(19.25 - 22.73)	0.002
Central	23.93	(20.71 - 27.49)	20.57	(17.51 - 24.01)	0.117
North Central	26.11^a	(22.57 - 29.99)	19.81	(16.61 - 23.46)	0.008
Northeast	25.13^a	(22.06 - 28.46)	21.12	(18.42 - 24.10)	0.046
Northwest	24.48	(21.10 - 28.21)	21.88	(18.59 - 25.56)	0.271
Southeast	23.94	(20.94 - 27.21)	21.04	(18.12 - 24.29)	0.168
Southwest	27.85^a	(23.84 - 32.24)	20.76	(17.20 - 24.84)	0.008
Kansas	24.51^a	(22.54 - 26.60)	19.48	(17.83 - 21.24)	0.000
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	16.64	(14.64 - 18.86)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	22.12	(18.36 - 26.40)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	21.47	(18.78 - 24.44)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	25.90	(21.35 - 31.04)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	22.51	(18.55 - 27.02)	--
Kentucky¹	31.30^a	(29.06 - 33.63)	27.10	(25.12 - 29.17)	0.003
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	33.36	(29.45 - 37.51)	28.87	(24.82 - 33.29)	0.111
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	29.94^b	(26.68 - 33.42)	26.26	(23.20 - 29.55)	0.085
Centerstone	28.61^a	(25.05 - 32.44)	22.89	(20.15 - 25.87)	0.009
Communicare and River Valley	33.45	(29.02 - 38.19)	29.45	(25.16 - 34.14)	0.191
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	31.86	(27.72 - 36.31)	28.33	(23.94 - 33.18)	0.220
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	34.23	(29.94 - 38.79)	31.73	(27.08 - 36.77)	0.411
Louisiana	26.29^a	(24.31 - 28.36)	22.95	(21.19 - 24.81)	0.010
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	18.41	(15.79 - 21.34)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	18.67	(15.39 - 22.46)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	24.01^a	(20.35 - 28.10)	18.11	(14.73 - 22.05)	0.011
Regions 2 and 9	26.31^a	(23.29 - 29.58)	22.13	(19.29 - 25.26)	0.042
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	24.21	(20.25 - 28.66)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	28.66	(25.33 - 32.23)	26.85	(23.72 - 30.24)	0.423
Regions 7 and 8	25.96	(22.76 - 29.45)	23.00	(19.91 - 26.41)	0.161
Maine	24.82^a	(22.79 - 26.98)	19.79	(18.06 - 21.64)	0.000
Aroostook/Downeast	26.62^b	(22.98 - 30.60)	22.25	(19.07 - 25.79)	0.063
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	26.45	(21.80 - 31.69)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	18.88	(15.27 - 23.10)	--
Central	26.18	(22.61 - 30.10)	22.72	(19.27 - 26.59)	0.152
Cumberland	22.39^a	(19.39 - 25.70)	15.50	(12.96 - 18.44)	0.001
Midcoast	22.54^b	(19.12 - 26.36)	18.92	(15.74 - 22.57)	0.099
Penquis	26.42^a	(22.82 - 30.37)	21.27	(17.88 - 25.12)	0.032
Western	27.86^b	(24.14 - 31.91)	23.24	(19.70 - 27.21)	0.059
York	23.06^a	(19.68 - 26.82)	17.54	(14.55 - 20.99)	0.015
Maryland	19.76^a	(17.76 - 21.93)	15.69	(14.15 - 17.37)	0.001
Anne Arundel	21.23^a	(17.65 - 25.31)	14.39	(11.48 - 17.88)	0.002
Baltimore City	24.67	(20.76 - 29.04)	23.63	(19.95 - 27.76)	0.682
Baltimore County	20.66^b	(17.21 - 24.61)	16.34	(13.25 - 19.98)	0.060
Montgomery	14.31^a	(11.86 - 17.16)	10.76	(8.75 - 13.16)	0.021
North Central	16.20^b	(13.32 - 19.56)	12.71	(10.22 - 15.70)	0.056
Northeast	21.47	(18.04 - 25.35)	17.67	(13.97 - 22.09)	0.114
Prince George's	17.39^b	(14.30 - 20.99)	13.90	(11.35 - 16.90)	0.075
South	23.80^a	(20.07 - 27.98)	18.28	(15.07 - 21.99)	0.019
West	21.84^b	(18.35 - 25.78)	17.76	(14.61 - 21.43)	0.064
Massachusetts	20.54^a	(18.71 - 22.48)	16.34	(14.73 - 18.08)	0.000
Boston	21.85^a	(18.23 - 25.97)	15.34	(12.44 - 18.79)	0.003
Central	22.98^b	(19.63 - 26.72)	18.68	(15.52 - 22.30)	0.052
Metrowest	17.22^b	(14.78 - 19.96)	14.32	(11.99 - 17.02)	0.090
Northeast	19.04^a	(16.32 - 22.10)	13.78	(11.34 - 16.63)	0.004
Southeast	21.81	(18.81 - 25.14)	18.91	(15.75 - 22.54)	0.183
Western	23.01^b	(19.79 - 26.58)	18.88	(15.79 - 22.40)	0.058
Michigan¹	26.37^a	(25.19 - 27.58)	20.42	(19.24 - 21.65)	0.000
Region 1	27.38	(23.92 - 31.13)	24.61	(20.44 - 29.31)	0.299
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	22.08	(18.75 - 25.82)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	18.60	(16.17 - 21.31)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	22.62	(19.77 - 25.75)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	22.59	(20.20 - 25.16)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	17.75	(15.18 - 20.65)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	22.14	(19.62 - 24.89)	--
Region 8	21.32^a	(19.01 - 23.83)	14.46	(12.35 - 16.85)	0.000
Region 9	27.15^a	(24.27 - 30.24)	19.27	(16.44 - 22.46)	0.000
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	23.74	(20.38 - 27.45)	--
Minnesota	23.68^a	(21.80 - 25.68)	17.29	(15.71 - 18.99)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	27.93^a	(24.00 - 32.23)	20.68	(17.69 - 24.03)	0.002
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	21.68	(17.69 - 26.28)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	20.07	(16.32 - 24.43)	--
Regions 3 and 4	26.33^a	(22.98 - 29.98)	20.38	(17.60 - 23.48)	0.005
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	19.45	(15.55 - 24.06)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	20.88	(17.60 - 24.59)	--
Regions 5 and 6	24.85^a	(21.70 - 28.28)	19.89	(17.16 - 22.92)	0.014
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	20.23	(16.65 - 24.36)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	19.53	(16.15 - 23.43)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	14.87	(13.22 - 16.68)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	20.92^a	(18.02 - 24.16)	14.28	(12.07 - 16.81)	0.000
Region 7B (Ramsey)	22.52^b	(19.32 - 26.08)	18.96	(15.67 - 22.76)	0.088
Region 7C	21.87^a	(19.06 - 24.96)	13.67	(11.41 - 16.29)	0.000
Mississippi	26.78	(24.73 - 28.93)	25.11	(23.20 - 27.13)	0.218
Region 1	30.05^b	(26.63 - 33.70)	25.85	(22.54 - 29.46)	0.081
Region 2	25.71	(21.95 - 29.86)	25.68	(22.01 - 29.73)	0.991
Region 3	23.95	(20.73 - 27.50)	27.09	(23.40 - 31.12)	0.187
Region 4	23.40^b	(20.31 - 26.80)	19.35	(16.34 - 22.77)	0.052
Region 5	26.56	(22.61 - 30.92)	30.68	(25.32 - 36.62)	0.168
Region 6	29.26	(25.26 - 33.59)	24.96	(21.05 - 29.32)	0.104
Region 7	28.01	(24.20 - 32.16)	26.70	(22.96 - 30.81)	0.604
Missouri	26.82^a	(24.79 - 28.96)	20.93	(19.29 - 22.68)	0.000
Central	28.98^a	(25.22 - 33.06)	21.42	(18.35 - 24.86)	0.001
Eastern	23.54^a	(21.05 - 26.22)	17.92	(15.75 - 20.31)	0.001
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	21.67^a	(18.78 - 24.87)	16.62	(14.03 - 19.58)	0.009
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	26.82^a	(23.17 - 30.80)	20.08	(16.99 - 23.59)	0.004
Northwest	27.06^a	(24.16 - 30.17)	21.74	(19.21 - 24.52)	0.004
Northwest (Jackson)	26.54	(22.91 - 30.51)	23.61	(20.11 - 27.51)	0.242
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	27.51^a	(23.95 - 31.37)	20.18	(16.99 - 23.80)	0.002
Southeast	31.69^a	(27.51 - 36.18)	26.23	(22.36 - 30.51)	0.045
Southwest	28.48^a	(24.81 - 32.46)	21.97	(18.65 - 25.68)	0.007
Montana	24.88^a	(22.90 - 26.97)	20.63	(18.86 - 22.52)	0.001
Region 1	25.82	(21.93 - 30.14)	24.29	(20.10 - 29.02)	0.578
Region 2	25.87	(22.25 - 29.84)	22.42	(18.78 - 26.54)	0.176
Region 3	23.88	(20.66 - 27.42)	21.25	(18.35 - 24.46)	0.224
Region 4	25.38^a	(22.52 - 28.47)	20.22	(17.43 - 23.32)	0.013
Region 5	24.43^a	(21.61 - 27.48)	18.80	(16.35 - 21.53)	0.002
Nebraska	24.58^a	(22.59 - 26.69)	19.70	(18.04 - 21.48)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	25.70	(22.49 - 29.20)	24.30	(20.83 - 28.13)	0.513
Region 1	24.89	(20.97 - 29.28)	25.64	(20.99 - 30.90)	0.785
Region 2	26.39	(22.27 - 30.97)	23.11	(18.86 - 27.99)	0.236
Region 3	22.51	(19.25 - 26.15)	22.25	(18.85 - 26.06)	0.910
Region 4	24.75^a	(21.12 - 28.77)	19.05	(15.61 - 23.03)	0.018
Region 5	24.69^a	(21.67 - 27.98)	18.87	(16.26 - 21.80)	0.004
Region 6	24.83^a	(22.06 - 27.84)	18.54	(16.35 - 20.94)	0.000
Nevada¹	24.75^a	(22.34 - 27.33)	19.93	(18.03 - 21.97)	0.001
Clark – Region 1	25.00^a	(22.27 - 27.94)	19.46	(17.36 - 21.76)	0.001
Region 3	24.44	(20.55 - 28.80)	21.15	(17.76 - 24.99)	0.162
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	20.63	(16.57 - 25.39)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	21.63	(17.25 - 26.76)	--
Washoe – Region 2	23.89	(20.47 - 27.68)	21.12	(17.73 - 24.97)	0.260
New Hampshire	23.77^a	(21.80 - 25.86)	16.48	(14.86 - 18.25)	0.000
Central	24.68^a	(21.96 - 27.62)	18.44	(16.08 - 21.06)	0.000
Central 1	26.06^a	(22.44 - 30.03)	19.50	(16.47 - 22.93)	0.003
Central 2	23.37^a	(20.09 - 27.00)	17.41	(14.36 - 20.94)	0.008
Northern	24.45^a	(20.85 - 28.44)	18.00	(14.94 - 21.52)	0.004
Southern	23.18^a	(20.95 - 25.58)	15.21	(13.32 - 17.30)	0.000
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	22.38^a	(19.32 - 25.76)	13.96	(11.57 - 16.74)	0.000
Southern 2	23.68^a	(20.97 - 26.63)	15.99	(13.61 - 18.71)	0.000
New Jersey	21.33^a	(19.30 - 23.52)	15.89	(14.54 - 17.34)	0.000
Central	20.69^a	(17.70 - 24.04)	15.76	(13.41 - 18.43)	0.008
Metropolitan	20.78^a	(17.80 - 24.10)	15.37	(13.16 - 17.88)	0.003
Northern	19.34^a	(16.69 - 22.29)	13.73	(11.87 - 15.84)	0.001
Southern	25.56^a	(22.29 - 29.13)	20.00	(17.43 - 22.85)	0.007
New Mexico	22.19	(20.34 - 24.17)	20.60	(18.74 - 22.60)	0.224
Region 1	23.06	(20.16 - 26.24)	22.25	(18.84 - 26.09)	0.714
Region 2	20.89	(17.79 - 24.36)	18.19	(15.02 - 21.87)	0.211
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	21.22	(18.65 - 24.03)	20.38	(17.71 - 23.33)	0.665
Region 4	25.74^b	(22.18 - 29.66)	21.20	(17.70 - 25.18)	0.058
Region 5	21.67	(18.69 - 24.97)	20.61	(17.75 - 23.79)	0.597
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	22.86	(18.97 - 27.27)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	18.61	(15.27 - 22.48)	--
New York¹	21.13^a	(20.02 - 22.29)	15.52	(14.58 - 16.50)	0.000
Region 1: Long Island	18.97^a	(16.87 - 21.27)	11.49	(9.85 - 13.36)	0.000
Region 2: New York City	19.87^a	(18.36 - 21.47)	13.92	(12.66 - 15.28)	0.000
Region 2A: Bronx	21.58^a	(18.77 - 24.68)	13.67	(11.43 - 16.28)	0.000
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	13.92	(11.94 - 16.16)	--
Region 2C: New York	22.16^a	(19.25 - 25.37)	14.81	(12.27 - 17.76)	0.000
Region 2D: Queens	17.75^a	(15.44 - 20.32)	13.17	(11.05 - 15.61)	0.006
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	15.18	(12.33 - 18.55)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	12.36	(10.53 - 14.46)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	18.62	(15.97 - 21.60)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	22.34	(18.07 - 27.28)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	21.72	(18.09 - 25.86)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	23.14	(19.11 - 27.72)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	21.22	(18.54 - 24.18)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	18.94	(15.84 - 22.49)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	19.25	(16.86 - 21.89)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	23.28	(20.47 - 26.35)	--
North Carolina¹	26.02^a	(23.88 - 28.29)	20.14	(18.78 - 21.57)	0.000
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	18.39	(15.28 - 21.98)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	13.39	(11.04 - 16.15)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	19.95	(16.64 - 23.72)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	22.15	(18.51 - 26.27)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	21.08^a	(17.78 - 24.81)	16.88	(14.13 - 20.04)	0.045
CenterPoint Human Services	26.17^a	(21.96 - 30.87)	20.72	(17.29 - 24.63)	0.037
Eastpointe	28.52	(24.38 - 33.07)	26.40	(22.85 - 30.28)	0.404
Partners Behavioral Health Management	30.96^a	(26.76 - 35.50)	22.04	(18.75 - 25.72)	0.001
Sandhills Center 1	28.13^a	(23.84 - 32.86)	22.00	(18.46 - 25.99)	0.023
Sandhills Center 2	23.63^a	(19.82 - 27.93)	17.83	(14.70 - 21.45)	0.011
Smoky Mountain Center 1	28.67^a	(24.32 - 33.46)	23.35	(19.86 - 27.24)	0.036
Smoky Mountain Center 2	25.71^a	(21.61 - 30.30)	20.32	(16.70 - 24.48)	0.041
Trillium Health Resources 1	27.57^a	(23.44 - 32.12)	21.94	(18.47 - 25.85)	0.025
Trillium Health Resources 2	27.03^a	(22.88 - 31.63)	20.42	(16.86 - 24.51)	0.009
North Dakota	23.38^a	(21.46 - 25.43)	19.97	(18.30 - 21.74)	0.006
Badlands and West Central	22.37^b	(19.61 - 25.40)	19.08	(16.58 - 21.86)	0.076
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	20.29	(16.49 - 24.71)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	18.72	(15.87 - 21.95)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	25.85	(21.25 - 31.06)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	20.51	(17.06 - 24.45)	--
Northeast	24.52^a	(21.12 - 28.26)	18.64	(15.37 - 22.41)	0.009
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	20.93	(17.23 - 25.19)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	20.78	(17.10 - 25.02)	--
Southeast	23.62^a	(20.94 - 26.52)	19.52	(17.03 - 22.28)	0.023
Ohio	26.48^a	(25.25 - 27.74)	21.81	(20.65 - 23.01)	0.000
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	27.42	(24.32 - 30.76)	23.95	(20.07 - 28.30)	0.173
Boards 3, 52, and 85	24.80^a	(21.58 - 28.32)	16.24	(13.33 - 19.63)	0.000
Boards 4 and 78	27.79	(24.14 - 31.77)	28.42	(24.53 - 32.66)	0.805
Boards 5 and 60	26.89	(23.51 - 30.56)	28.73	(24.82 - 32.98)	0.475
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	26.13	(22.76 - 29.80)	23.40	(19.47 - 27.86)	0.308
Boards 8, 13, and 83	26.23^a	(22.96 - 29.79)	18.51	(15.35 - 22.16)	0.001
Board 9 (Butler)	27.41^a	(24.03 - 31.06)	21.02	(17.77 - 24.68)	0.004
Board 12	26.59^b	(23.45 - 29.98)	22.42	(18.77 - 26.54)	0.077
Boards 18 and 47	25.48^a	(23.01 - 28.12)	20.26	(17.79 - 22.99)	0.004
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	26.24	(22.94 - 29.82)	22.68	(19.35 - 26.40)	0.127
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	28.37^a	(25.02 - 31.98)	20.08	(17.05 - 23.49)	0.000
Boards 22, 74, and 87	28.85^a	(25.39 - 32.57)	23.93	(20.49 - 27.74)	0.039
Boards 23 and 45	25.22^a	(22.03 - 28.71)	20.73	(17.26 - 24.70)	0.046
Board 25 (Franklin)	26.02^a	(23.33 - 28.90)	19.15	(16.72 - 21.84)	0.000
Boards 27, 71, and 73	31.56	(28.04 - 35.30)	29.42	(25.49 - 33.68)	0.403
Boards 28, 43, and 67	25.58^a	(22.64 - 28.76)	20.56	(17.21 - 24.38)	0.028
Board 31 (Hamilton)	24.03^a	(21.10 - 27.22)	19.73	(16.96 - 22.83)	0.031
Board 48 (Lucas)	26.27	(23.02 - 29.80)	26.36	(22.33 - 30.82)	0.972
Boards 50 and 76	27.34	(24.25 - 30.67)	24.77	(21.22 - 28.70)	0.269
Board 57 (Montgomery)	25.03	(21.98 - 28.34)	21.86	(18.40 - 25.76)	0.165
Board 77 (Summit)	27.22^a	(24.11 - 30.58)	18.58	(15.51 - 22.11)	0.000
Oklahoma	28.03^a	(25.75 - 30.42)	23.81	(21.94 - 25.78)	0.002
Central	28.62^a	(24.78 - 32.79)	21.55	(18.21 - 25.31)	0.003
East Central	29.67	(25.43 - 34.29)	28.25	(23.82 - 33.15)	0.624
Northeast	27.55^a	(23.80 - 31.64)	22.71	(19.26 - 26.57)	0.046
Northwest and Southwest	27.65	(23.92 - 31.70)	27.31	(23.45 - 31.54)	0.897
Oklahoma County	27.32^a	(23.83 - 31.11)	20.49	(17.29 - 24.11)	0.002
Southeast	31.48	(27.56 - 35.68)	29.28	(25.64 - 33.22)	0.383
Tulsa County	24.91^a	(21.36 - 28.83)	19.70	(16.60 - 23.22)	0.021
Oregon	24.26^a	(22.26 - 26.38)	17.80	(16.18 - 19.55)	0.000
Region 1 (Multnomah)	26.00^a	(22.50 - 29.85)	17.76	(15.00 - 20.89)	0.000
Region 2	20.61^a	(17.77 - 23.77)	13.05	(10.98 - 15.44)	0.000
Region 3	24.71^a	(21.91 - 27.75)	20.30	(17.59 - 23.30)	0.027
Region 4	26.66^a	(22.94 - 30.73)	21.25	(17.73 - 25.25)	0.031
Region 5 (Central)	24.44^a	(20.56 - 28.79)	14.51	(11.25 - 18.51)	0.000
Region 6 (Eastern)	24.81^a	(20.94 - 29.12)	18.79	(15.21 - 22.98)	0.020
Pennsylvania	25.23^a	(23.99 - 26.52)	20.32	(19.12 - 21.57)	0.000
Region 1 (Allegheny)	25.19^a	(22.43 - 28.16)	20.08	(17.46 - 22.99)	0.009
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	27.07^a	(23.76 - 30.66)	21.22	(18.10 - 24.72)	0.008
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	27.83^a	(24.72 - 31.17)	21.24	(17.97 - 24.92)	0.003
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	25.17	(21.83 - 28.85)	21.93	(18.68 - 25.58)	0.152
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	28.67^a	(25.58 - 31.98)	21.91	(18.71 - 25.47)	0.002
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	22.00^a	(19.87 - 24.29)	13.69	(11.96 - 15.63)	0.000
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	28.21	(24.90 - 31.78)	24.97	(21.38 - 28.94)	0.174
Regions 17 and 21	25.50	(22.16 - 29.15)	25.03	(21.04 - 29.49)	0.854
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	23.70	(21.00 - 26.62)	21.96	(19.44 - 24.70)	0.353
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	27.99^a	(24.80 - 31.42)	21.29	(18.07 - 24.91)	0.005
Regions 29 and 34	22.25	(19.12 - 25.73)	18.78	(15.61 - 22.43)	0.113
Regions 30 and 50	26.13	(22.83 - 29.72)	25.97	(22.15 - 30.20)	0.951
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	26.32^b	(23.63 - 29.20)	22.50	(19.53 - 25.78)	0.071
Rhode Island	23.52^a	(21.36 - 25.83)	17.58	(15.84 - 19.47)	0.000
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	17.57	(14.58 - 21.01)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	20.66	(17.62 - 24.06)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	18.87	(15.57 - 22.67)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	17.34	(14.52 - 20.59)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	16.60	(13.44 - 20.32)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	13.94	(11.14 - 17.30)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	13.96	(11.27 - 17.16)	--
South Carolina	26.69^a	(24.55 - 28.95)	21.88	(20.13 - 23.74)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	24.14	(21.31 - 27.23)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	20.47	(17.76 - 23.47)	--
Region 3	29.07^a	(25.30 - 33.16)	23.71	(20.31 - 27.47)	0.034
Region 4	25.31^a	(22.13 - 28.78)	19.39	(16.66 - 22.44)	0.004
South Dakota	25.45^a	(23.41 - 27.61)	20.70	(18.96 - 22.56)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	21.79	(18.81 - 25.10)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	25.38	(21.31 - 29.93)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	20.05	(17.12 - 23.33)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	21.43	(17.87 - 25.48)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	18.43	(16.03 - 21.09)	--
Tennessee	27.55^a	(25.31 - 29.91)	22.54	(20.70 - 24.50)	0.000
Region 1	29.48^a	(25.32 - 34.02)	23.70	(19.84 - 28.05)	0.039
Region 2	29.02^b	(25.38 - 32.96)	24.68	(21.25 - 28.46)	0.087
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	23.98	(20.58 - 27.76)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	26.09^a	(22.31 - 30.26)	20.28	(16.66 - 24.44)	0.022
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	21.58	(18.69 - 24.78)	--
Region 6	30.80	(26.63 - 35.30)	26.17	(22.14 - 30.66)	0.106
Region 7 (Shelby)	21.70	(18.41 - 25.40)	18.36	(15.26 - 21.92)	0.133
Texas	22.37^a	(21.26 - 23.52)	17.85	(16.96 - 18.79)	0.000
Region 1	24.95	(21.84 - 28.34)	23.17	(19.81 - 26.91)	0.425
Region 2	26.23	(22.56 - 30.26)	26.63	(22.51 - 31.20)	0.876
Region 3	21.81^a	(20.13 - 23.59)	15.60	(14.31 - 16.99)	0.000
Region 3a	21.12^a	(19.05 - 23.35)	14.92	(13.34 - 16.66)	0.000
Region 3bc	23.03^a	(20.58 - 25.68)	16.81	(14.81 - 19.01)	0.000
Region 4	27.01	(23.66 - 30.64)	23.61	(20.19 - 27.42)	0.153
Region 5	25.30	(21.92 - 29.00)	25.73	(21.92 - 29.95)	0.858
Region 6	21.73^a	(19.89 - 23.70)	15.89	(14.35 - 17.58)	0.000
Region 6a	21.46^a	(19.47 - 23.58)	15.51	(13.86 - 17.33)	0.000
Region 6bc	23.99^a	(20.64 - 27.69)	19.18	(15.86 - 23.02)	0.034
Region 7	22.73^a	(20.77 - 24.81)	18.61	(16.63 - 20.77)	0.002
Region 7a	20.87^a	(18.56 - 23.40)	16.80	(14.39 - 19.53)	0.015
Region 7bcd	25.79^b	(22.70 - 29.15)	21.88	(18.83 - 25.27)	0.061
Region 8	21.27	(18.91 - 23.84)	19.20	(16.99 - 21.62)	0.201
Region 9	23.83	(20.69 - 27.29)	20.63	(17.22 - 24.51)	0.151
Region 10	20.21^a	(17.31 - 23.46)	15.13	(12.57 - 18.10)	0.007
Region 11	21.43^a	(19.23 - 23.80)	18.53	(16.40 - 20.86)	0.050
Region 11abd	22.80^a	(19.95 - 25.92)	18.22	(15.61 - 21.15)	0.015
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	18.90	(16.13 - 22.03)	19.06	(15.87 - 22.71)	0.938
Utah	15.13^a	(13.43 - 16.99)	12.28	(10.99 - 13.71)	0.009
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	14.40	(11.69 - 17.60)	11.63	(9.23 - 14.55)	0.107
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	16.14	(13.25 - 19.52)	13.60	(11.17 - 16.45)	0.167
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	15.64	(12.18 - 19.87)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	12.35	(9.67 - 15.64)	--
Davis County	15.76^a	(13.01 - 18.95)	10.92	(8.64 - 13.71)	0.006
Salt Lake County	16.14	(13.90 - 18.67)	13.72	(11.80 - 15.90)	0.114
Utah County	11.76^a	(9.64 - 14.26)	8.84	(7.08 - 10.98)	0.029
Weber, Morgan	16.50	(13.49 - 20.04)	14.15	(11.37 - 17.48)	0.236
Vermont	22.10	(20.16 - 24.18)	20.14	(18.36 - 22.04)	0.132
Champlain Valley	20.70	(18.24 - 23.40)	19.03	(16.60 - 21.73)	0.346
Rural Northeast	24.74	(21.59 - 28.17)	23.66	(20.49 - 27.15)	0.635
Rural Southeast	21.42^a	(18.37 - 24.82)	17.18	(14.54 - 20.17)	0.031
Rural Southwest	22.47	(19.14 - 26.19)	21.62	(18.24 - 25.44)	0.719
Virginia	22.99^a	(21.05 - 25.05)	17.04	(15.82 - 18.35)	0.000
Region 1	25.28^a	(22.13 - 28.70)	17.51	(15.23 - 20.05)	0.000
Region 2	17.02^a	(14.44 - 19.97)	9.84	(8.33 - 11.60)	0.000
Region 3	27.54	(23.98 - 31.42)	23.90	(20.94 - 27.14)	0.106
Region 4	23.93^a	(20.73 - 27.45)	19.45	(16.92 - 22.25)	0.025
Region 5	24.15^a	(20.90 - 27.72)	19.15	(16.88 - 21.65)	0.009
Washington¹	23.43^a	(21.48 - 25.50)	17.02	(15.41 - 18.77)	0.000
Region 1	24.33^a	(21.50 - 27.40)	18.96	(16.42 - 21.79)	0.003
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	17.22	(14.31 - 20.58)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	21.55	(17.69 - 25.99)	--
Region 2	20.89^a	(18.56 - 23.43)	14.73	(12.84 - 16.85)	0.000
King	19.63^a	(16.90 - 22.69)	14.02	(11.76 - 16.63)	0.001
North Sound	23.04^a	(19.77 - 26.67)	16.01	(13.29 - 19.15)	0.001
Region 3	26.35^a	(23.69 - 29.21)	19.01	(16.79 - 21.45)	0.000
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	19.66	(16.37 - 23.42)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	18.07	(14.36 - 22.48)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	19.30	(16.08 - 22.99)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	17.82	(14.12 - 22.25)	--
West Virginia	30.89	(28.61 - 33.26)	29.13	(27.08 - 31.27)	0.252
Region I	29.52	(25.14 - 34.31)	28.78	(24.45 - 33.55)	0.806
Region II	31.56^a	(27.45 - 35.98)	23.45	(19.89 - 27.42)	0.003
Region III	31.81	(27.49 - 36.47)	29.06	(24.66 - 33.89)	0.368
Region IV	28.91	(25.47 - 32.62)	30.06	(26.48 - 33.90)	0.648
Region V	31.66	(28.31 - 35.22)	28.46	(25.31 - 31.83)	0.161
Region VI	31.54	(27.56 - 35.82)	33.71	(29.66 - 38.01)	0.449
Wisconsin	24.79^a	(22.84 - 26.85)	19.60	(17.84 - 21.48)	0.000
Milwaukee	24.47	(21.08 - 28.20)	20.97	(17.69 - 24.67)	0.134
Northeastern	27.46^a	(24.13 - 31.05)	19.61	(16.55 - 23.09)	0.001
Northern	26.07^b	(22.20 - 30.35)	21.67	(18.02 - 25.82)	0.081
Southeastern	21.54^a	(18.54 - 24.87)	17.11	(14.36 - 20.26)	0.029
Southern	24.51^a	(21.27 - 28.08)	19.05	(16.27 - 22.18)	0.009
Western	25.33^b	(21.96 - 29.01)	21.13	(17.60 - 25.17)	0.078
Wyoming	26.24^a	(24.15 - 28.44)	20.20	(18.48 - 22.05)	0.000
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	26.91^a	(23.42 - 30.71)	19.41	(16.36 - 22.87)	0.001
Judicial District 2	24.04^a	(20.68 - 27.76)	18.47	(15.25 - 22.20)	0.011
Judicial District 3	23.03	(19.78 - 26.65)	20.05	(16.73 - 23.84)	0.191
Judicial District 4	25.87^a	(21.95 - 30.23)	17.38	(14.03 - 21.34)	0.000
Judicial District 5	23.65^a	(20.31 - 27.35)	18.34	(15.26 - 21.87)	0.015
Judicial District 6	29.15^a	(25.21 - 33.44)	22.50	(18.81 - 26.68)	0.009
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	29.81^a	(26.01 - 33.92)	22.97	(19.42 - 26.95)	0.005
Judicial District 8	26.18	(22.18 - 30.61)	23.24	(19.42 - 27.55)	0.266
Judicial District 9	26.62^a	(22.71 - 30.93)	19.08	(15.93 - 22.68)	0.001
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 8 – Alcohol Use Disorder in the Past Year among Individuals Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	7.29^a	(7.10 - 7.48)	5.44	(5.30 - 5.59)	0.000
Northeast	7.26^a	(6.89 - 7.65)	5.66	(5.35 - 5.98)	0.000
Midwest	7.63^a	(7.35 - 7.92)	5.69	(5.44 - 5.96)	0.000
South	6.73^a	(6.44 - 7.03)	4.90	(4.69 - 5.12)	0.000
West	7.87^a	(7.47 - 8.29)	5.93	(5.63 - 6.24)	0.000
Alabama	6.55^a	(5.61 - 7.64)	4.50	(3.75 - 5.41)	0.000
Region 1	6.22^a	(4.92 - 7.83)	4.40	(3.34 - 5.78)	0.021
Region 2	6.76^a	(5.45 - 8.35)	4.80	(3.63 - 6.34)	0.028
Region 3	7.17^a	(5.77 - 8.87)	4.04	(2.89 - 5.62)	0.000
Region 4	6.19^b	(4.94 - 7.74)	4.58	(3.37 - 6.19)	0.061
Alaska	7.93^a	(6.80 - 9.22)	6.62	(5.69 - 7.69)	0.048
Anchorage	8.32	(6.88 - 10.03)	6.82	(5.49 - 8.44)	0.111
Northern	7.56	(6.14 - 9.27)	7.27	(5.67 - 9.27)	0.770
South Central	7.77^b	(6.18 - 9.73)	5.89	(4.49 - 7.68)	0.055
Southeast	7.51	(5.96 - 9.42)	6.32	(4.67 - 8.51)	0.258
Arizona¹	8.01^a	(6.83 - 9.37)	5.29	(4.46 - 6.26)	0.000
Central	8.03^a	(6.67 - 9.65)	5.08	(4.11 - 6.27)	0.000
North	--	(-- - --)	5.91	(4.32 - 8.05)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	5.46	(4.28 - 6.94)	--
South A	8.67^a	(6.88 - 10.86)	5.76	(4.23 - 7.78)	0.007
South B	--	(-- - --)	5.10	(3.73 - 6.94)	--
Arkansas	6.36^b	(5.45 - 7.40)	5.28	(4.48 - 6.21)	0.052
Catchment Area 1	6.48	(5.18 - 8.08)	5.26	(3.90 - 7.05)	0.153
Catchment Area 2	6.04^a	(4.72 - 7.69)	4.24	(3.07 - 5.83)	0.030
Catchment Area 3	6.21	(4.94 - 7.78)	5.70	(4.24 - 7.62)	0.567
Catchment Area 4	5.93	(4.63 - 7.57)	5.69	(4.17 - 7.73)	0.800
Catchment Area 5	6.78	(5.47 - 8.37)	5.41	(4.05 - 7.19)	0.144
Catchment Area 6	6.26	(4.87 - 8.01)	5.05	(3.58 - 7.08)	0.193
Catchment Area 7	6.45^b	(5.02 - 8.26)	4.84	(3.42 - 6.82)	0.090
Catchment Area 8	6.44	(5.11 - 8.07)	5.62	(4.26 - 7.39)	0.370
California	7.92^a	(7.28 - 8.60)	5.80	(5.34 - 6.29)	0.000
Region 1R	9.17	(7.56 - 11.09)	8.26	(6.52 - 10.42)	0.400
Region 2R	9.41^a	(7.65 - 11.52)	6.22	(4.67 - 8.23)	0.004
Region 3R (Sacramento)	8.11^b	(6.66 - 9.84)	6.48	(5.08 - 8.23)	0.078
Region 4R	7.79	(6.37 - 9.50)	6.29	(4.69 - 8.40)	0.147
Region 5R (San Francisco)	9.25^a	(7.34 - 11.61)	6.88	(5.08 - 9.26)	0.046
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	6.63^a	(5.35 - 8.18)	4.81	(3.75 - 6.16)	0.020
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	7.20	(5.83 - 8.88)	5.97	(4.59 - 7.73)	0.174
Region 8R (Alameda)	7.56^a	(6.25 - 9.12)	5.73	(4.40 - 7.43)	0.043
Region 9R (San Mateo)	7.12	(5.77 - 8.76)	5.73	(4.31 - 7.58)	0.139
Region 10	8.85^a	(7.32 - 10.66)	5.77	(4.32 - 7.67)	0.002
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	7.70^a	(6.92 - 8.56)	5.69	(5.02 - 6.44)	0.000
LA SPA 1 and 5	8.22^a	(6.72 - 10.02)	5.45	(4.05 - 7.29)	0.005
LA SPA 2	7.51^b	(6.17 - 9.10)	5.81	(4.48 - 7.52)	0.061
LA SPA 3	6.83^a	(5.59 - 8.32)	4.74	(3.60 - 6.23)	0.013
LA SPA 4	8.44^b	(6.92 - 10.26)	6.63	(5.00 - 8.74)	0.083
LA SPA 6	8.03^a	(6.56 - 9.80)	4.98	(3.65 - 6.75)	0.001
LA SPA 7	7.92^a	(6.54 - 9.57)	5.11	(3.80 - 6.85)	0.002
LA SPA 8	7.68	(6.27 - 9.37)	6.96	(5.41 - 8.92)	0.468
Region 12R	7.68^b	(6.23 - 9.44)	6.02	(4.51 - 7.99)	0.074
Regions 13 and 19R	7.87^a	(6.59 - 9.36)	5.98	(4.74 - 7.50)	0.023
Region 14 (Orange)	7.08^a	(5.96 - 8.39)	4.74	(3.68 - 6.09)	0.002
Region 15R (Fresno)	7.77^a	(6.29 - 9.56)	5.58	(4.21 - 7.37)	0.016
Region 16R (San Diego)	9.16^a	(7.75 - 10.79)	5.83	(4.66 - 7.26)	0.000
Region 17R	8.19^a	(6.81 - 9.81)	5.39	(4.17 - 6.92)	0.001
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	7.42^a	(6.15 - 8.94)	5.52	(4.30 - 7.06)	0.022
Region 20R	7.83^a	(6.41 - 9.53)	5.46	(4.13 - 7.20)	0.011
Region 21R	8.89	(7.32 - 10.76)	7.52	(5.81 - 9.69)	0.192
Colorado	9.20^a	(7.97 - 10.59)	7.18	(6.20 - 8.30)	0.006
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	7.74	(5.91 - 10.08)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	7.02	(5.11 - 9.56)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	6.03	(4.65 - 7.79)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	6.57	(4.80 - 8.92)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	10.50	(8.12 - 13.47)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	6.73	(5.06 - 8.91)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	6.53	(4.91 - 8.64)	--
Connecticut	8.01^a	(6.91 - 9.27)	6.06	(5.14 - 7.12)	0.003
Eastern	9.32^a	(7.46 - 11.59)	6.11	(4.59 - 8.10)	0.004
North Central	7.41	(5.99 - 9.14)	6.25	(4.79 - 8.12)	0.259
Northwestern	7.69^b	(6.17 - 9.56)	5.80	(4.25 - 7.87)	0.076
South Central	8.42^a	(6.82 - 10.35)	5.93	(4.50 - 7.77)	0.018
Southwest	7.86^b	(6.25 - 9.84)	6.13	(4.60 - 8.13)	0.092
Delaware	7.28^b	(6.21 - 8.52)	5.98	(5.04 - 7.09)	0.062
Kent	7.20^b	(5.76 - 8.98)	5.58	(4.14 - 7.50)	0.100
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	7.37	(6.08 - 8.91)	6.47	(5.25 - 7.95)	0.322
Sussex	6.94^b	(5.45 - 8.80)	5.29	(3.88 - 7.17)	0.093
Wilmington City	7.77^b	(6.03 - 9.96)	5.72	(4.02 - 8.08)	0.086
District of Columbia	9.39	(8.15 - 10.80)	9.68	(8.39 - 11.14)	0.732
Ward 1	10.42	(8.37 - 12.91)	10.94	(8.40 - 14.13)	0.722
Ward 2	12.31	(10.09 - 14.94)	11.91	(9.03 - 15.53)	0.810
Ward 3	9.56	(7.71 - 11.80)	9.86	(7.54 - 12.78)	0.831
Ward 4	8.12	(6.33 - 10.36)	8.20	(5.98 - 11.15)	0.952
Ward 5	8.82	(6.99 - 11.07)	9.21	(7.01 - 12.02)	0.773
Ward 6	9.40	(7.44 - 11.83)	9.63	(7.34 - 12.54)	0.872
Ward 7	7.87	(6.15 - 10.01)	7.21	(5.26 - 9.82)	0.602
Ward 8	7.84^b	(6.15 - 9.94)	10.23	(7.76 - 13.38)	0.088
Florida¹	6.82^a	(6.19 - 7.50)	4.85	(4.34 - 5.41)	0.000
Broward (Circuit 17)	6.46^a	(5.34 - 7.81)	4.30	(3.26 - 5.65)	0.006
Central I	--	(-- - --)	4.47	(3.68 - 5.43)	--
Circuit 9	7.19^a	(5.91 - 8.73)	4.22	(3.31 - 5.37)	0.000
Circuit 18	7.29^a	(5.99 - 8.84)	4.85	(3.66 - 6.40)	0.005
Central II	--	(-- - --)	5.01	(4.27 - 5.88)	--
Circuit 6	6.27	(5.05 - 7.77)	4.98	(3.73 - 6.62)	0.136
Circuit 10	6.61^a	(5.31 - 8.19)	4.53	(3.34 - 6.12)	0.014
Circuit 12	7.16^a	(5.68 - 8.99)	4.97	(3.58 - 6.85)	0.027
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	7.18^a	(5.94 - 8.66)	5.29	(4.12 - 6.78)	0.025
Circuit 20	6.37	(5.14 - 7.88)	5.05	(3.73 - 6.82)	0.155
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	5.19	(4.36 - 6.17)	--
Circuit 4	7.38^b	(5.93 - 9.14)	5.61	(4.25 - 7.36)	0.068
Circuit 5	6.53^a	(5.26 - 8.07)	4.72	(3.49 - 6.36)	0.043
Circuit 7	6.67^b	(5.37 - 8.25)	4.99	(3.68 - 6.74)	0.074
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	5.61	(4.15 - 7.54)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	5.86	(4.79 - 7.16)	--
Circuit 1	7.26^b	(5.92 - 8.88)	5.57	(4.12 - 7.49)	0.075
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	6.99	(5.26 - 9.22)	--
Circuit 14	7.23^a	(5.77 - 9.02)	4.90	(3.51 - 6.79)	0.016
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	6.46^a	(5.36 - 7.76)	4.22	(3.35 - 5.31)	0.001
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	4.84	(3.85 - 6.06)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	6.30^b	(5.09 - 7.77)	4.79	(3.59 - 6.36)	0.075
Circuit 19	6.75^b	(5.39 - 8.43)	4.95	(3.59 - 6.80)	0.062
Georgia	6.43^a	(5.45 - 7.58)	4.40	(3.80 - 5.10)	0.000
Region 1	6.56^a	(5.25 - 8.16)	4.12	(3.20 - 5.29)	0.002
Region 2	6.89^a	(5.43 - 8.72)	4.69	(3.57 - 6.14)	0.008
Region 3	6.06^a	(4.78 - 7.64)	4.45	(3.55 - 5.57)	0.030
Region 4	6.49^a	(5.00 - 8.39)	4.48	(3.21 - 6.22)	0.024
Region 5	6.56^a	(5.16 - 8.30)	4.48	(3.29 - 6.07)	0.014
Region 6	6.47^a	(5.07 - 8.21)	4.48	(3.37 - 5.93)	0.013
Hawaii	7.95^a	(6.70 - 9.40)	5.35	(4.48 - 6.39)	0.000
Hawaii Island	8.53^a	(6.65 - 10.86)	5.15	(3.74 - 7.06)	0.002
Honolulu	7.84^a	(6.48 - 9.45)	5.37	(4.33 - 6.64)	0.005
Kauai	7.39^b	(5.62 - 9.67)	5.59	(4.01 - 7.73)	0.099
Maui	8.16^a	(6.29 - 10.53)	5.40	(3.95 - 7.33)	0.013
Idaho	7.30^a	(6.33 - 8.41)	5.55	(4.71 - 6.54)	0.004
Region 1	7.05	(5.58 - 8.88)	6.10	(4.42 - 8.37)	0.366
Region 2	8.08^a	(6.49 - 10.02)	5.42	(3.91 - 7.45)	0.010
Region 3	6.49^b	(5.22 - 8.05)	4.96	(3.66 - 6.69)	0.081
Region 4	8.04^b	(6.63 - 9.71)	6.29	(4.86 - 8.11)	0.084
Region 5	7.03^a	(5.57 - 8.85)	4.98	(3.67 - 6.72)	0.021
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	5.32	(3.79 - 7.43)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	4.86	(3.65 - 6.46)	--
Illinois	7.39^a	(6.79 - 8.04)	6.03	(5.41 - 6.73)	0.003
Region 1 (Cook)	7.43	(6.52 - 8.45)	6.43	(5.54 - 7.46)	0.130
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	7.31	(5.33 - 9.95)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	5.60	(4.01 - 7.77)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	8.92	(6.50 - 12.11)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	6.19	(4.50 - 8.47)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	6.08	(4.47 - 8.22)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	5.60	(3.95 - 7.88)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	6.13	(4.93 - 7.60)	--
Region 2	7.18^a	(6.29 - 8.17)	5.50	(4.73 - 6.39)	0.005
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	6.05	(4.66 - 7.83)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	5.20	(4.19 - 6.45)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	5.50	(3.99 - 7.54)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	5.71	(4.38 - 7.41)	--
Region 3	7.96^b	(6.89 - 9.19)	6.48	(5.33 - 7.87)	0.054
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	7.86	(5.91 - 10.40)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	6.25	(4.98 - 7.82)	--
Region 4	6.70	(5.52 - 8.12)	5.60	(4.40 - 7.10)	0.164
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	6.37	(4.60 - 8.76)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	5.37	(4.02 - 7.16)	--
Region 5	7.78^a	(6.62 - 9.12)	5.88	(4.75 - 7.26)	0.017
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	5.66	(4.21 - 7.58)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	6.05	(4.57 - 7.97)	--
Indiana	7.12^a	(6.14 - 8.25)	5.00	(4.23 - 5.90)	0.000
Central	6.84^a	(5.50 - 8.46)	4.92	(3.78 - 6.40)	0.028
East	6.64^a	(5.22 - 8.40)	4.85	(3.51 - 6.67)	0.045
North Central	7.20^a	(5.76 - 8.96)	4.96	(3.63 - 6.75)	0.015
Northeast	7.23^a	(5.77 - 9.03)	5.10	(3.72 - 6.95)	0.023
Northwest	7.20^a	(5.69 - 9.08)	4.94	(3.58 - 6.77)	0.014
Southeast	6.64^a	(5.21 - 8.43)	4.33	(3.13 - 5.94)	0.007
Southwest	6.80^a	(5.33 - 8.63)	4.69	(3.36 - 6.51)	0.023
West	8.61^a	(7.00 - 10.55)	6.16	(4.58 - 8.23)	0.020
Iowa	8.36^a	(7.27 - 9.60)	6.60	(5.68 - 7.65)	0.008
Central	7.61	(6.11 - 9.45)	7.50	(5.78 - 9.68)	0.917
North Central	8.93^b	(7.22 - 11.00)	6.90	(5.24 - 9.03)	0.075
Northeast	9.04^a	(7.42 - 10.96)	6.80	(5.25 - 8.76)	0.043
Northwest	7.80	(6.29 - 9.64)	6.17	(4.65 - 8.16)	0.110
Southeast	8.43^a	(6.86 - 10.31)	6.00	(4.58 - 7.83)	0.016
Southwest	8.16^b	(6.50 - 10.19)	6.03	(4.38 - 8.24)	0.056
Kansas	8.03^a	(6.94 - 9.29)	5.30	(4.48 - 6.26)	0.000
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	5.43	(4.39 - 6.71)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	5.31	(3.84 - 7.28)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	5.08	(3.91 - 6.57)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	5.39	(3.81 - 7.58)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	5.12	(3.60 - 7.24)	--
Kentucky¹	5.63^b	(4.74 - 6.68)	4.68	(3.90 - 5.61)	0.095
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	5.12	(3.99 - 6.54)	4.39	(3.19 - 6.03)	0.363
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	5.91	(4.73 - 7.35)	4.80	(3.68 - 6.23)	0.176
Centerstone	5.75	(4.51 - 7.31)	5.28	(4.01 - 6.91)	0.583
Communicare and River Valley	5.55	(4.29 - 7.16)	4.71	(3.36 - 6.57)	0.319
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	5.59^b	(4.29 - 7.25)	4.03	(2.83 - 5.70)	0.058
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	5.59^b	(4.31 - 7.20)	4.12	(2.92 - 5.79)	0.077
Louisiana	6.50	(5.57 - 7.57)	6.39	(5.43 - 7.50)	0.857
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	6.56	(5.09 - 8.42)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	7.36	(5.39 - 9.99)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	6.33	(4.92 - 8.11)	5.64	(4.02 - 7.87)	0.473
Regions 2 and 9	6.94	(5.66 - 8.49)	6.67	(5.17 - 8.55)	0.765
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	5.50	(3.96 - 7.60)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	6.17	(4.95 - 7.67)	6.17	(4.74 - 8.00)	0.999
Regions 7 and 8	6.63	(5.34 - 8.20)	6.50	(4.93 - 8.54)	0.899
Maine	6.29	(5.33 - 7.41)	5.94	(5.00 - 7.04)	0.581
Aroostook/Downeast	5.78	(4.46 - 7.45)	5.39	(4.12 - 7.02)	0.651
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	4.95	(3.51 - 6.95)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	5.73	(4.06 - 8.04)	--
Central	6.40	(5.02 - 8.13)	5.63	(4.07 - 7.75)	0.458
Cumberland	7.13	(5.72 - 8.87)	6.46	(4.86 - 8.55)	0.537
Midcoast	5.94	(4.58 - 7.66)	5.21	(3.78 - 7.15)	0.437
Penquis	6.13	(4.81 - 7.78)	5.72	(4.21 - 7.73)	0.666
Western	6.04	(4.78 - 7.62)	6.31	(4.74 - 8.36)	0.779
York	6.11	(4.77 - 7.81)	6.26	(4.57 - 8.52)	0.889
Maryland	6.37^b	(5.33 - 7.60)	5.20	(4.39 - 6.15)	0.054
Anne Arundel	6.77^a	(5.23 - 8.72)	4.62	(3.28 - 6.48)	0.027
Baltimore City	6.87	(5.28 - 8.90)	6.11	(4.50 - 8.24)	0.484
Baltimore County	6.37	(4.91 - 8.22)	5.39	(3.86 - 7.47)	0.348
Montgomery	5.61	(4.36 - 7.19)	5.79	(4.32 - 7.72)	0.842
North Central	6.21	(4.79 - 8.01)	5.26	(3.81 - 7.22)	0.312
Northeast	6.56^b	(5.09 - 8.42)	4.90	(3.45 - 6.91)	0.086
Prince George's	6.33	(4.91 - 8.13)	5.05	(3.76 - 6.75)	0.161
South	6.68^b	(5.12 - 8.66)	4.83	(3.45 - 6.72)	0.061
West	6.45^a	(4.97 - 8.33)	4.18	(3.00 - 5.78)	0.007
Massachusetts	7.97	(6.90 - 9.19)	7.28	(6.30 - 8.41)	0.310
Boston	8.97	(7.13 - 11.22)	8.27	(6.21 - 10.93)	0.576
Central	7.93	(6.34 - 9.89)	7.23	(5.46 - 9.51)	0.510
Metrowest	7.62	(6.22 - 9.30)	7.62	(6.02 - 9.60)	1.000
Northeast	7.80	(6.25 - 9.69)	6.18	(4.72 - 8.05)	0.118
Southeast	7.83	(6.29 - 9.70)	7.19	(5.45 - 9.42)	0.565
Western	8.20	(6.66 - 10.05)	7.61	(5.83 - 9.86)	0.592
Michigan¹	7.60^a	(6.99 - 8.26)	5.43	(4.84 - 6.10)	0.000
Region 1	8.39^a	(6.87 - 10.22)	4.81	(3.45 - 6.68)	0.000
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	4.70	(3.44 - 6.38)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	5.57	(4.44 - 6.97)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	5.26	(4.04 - 6.84)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	5.73	(4.67 - 7.01)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	5.48	(4.18 - 7.14)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	5.84	(4.62 - 7.36)	--
Region 8	7.69^a	(6.47 - 9.13)	5.20	(4.00 - 6.73)	0.006
Region 9	7.18^a	(5.92 - 8.68)	4.81	(3.61 - 6.39)	0.007
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	5.65	(4.23 - 7.50)	--
Minnesota	9.08^a	(7.93 - 10.39)	5.38	(4.54 - 6.35)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	9.39^a	(7.58 - 11.58)	5.68	(4.30 - 7.47)	0.001
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	5.19	(3.68 - 7.27)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	5.99	(4.20 - 8.47)	--
Regions 3 and 4	9.10^a	(7.41 - 11.11)	5.39	(4.21 - 6.89)	0.000
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	5.69	(4.05 - 7.94)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	5.24	(3.89 - 7.02)	--
Regions 5 and 6	9.15^a	(7.50 - 11.13)	5.65	(4.46 - 7.12)	0.000
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	5.87	(4.37 - 7.86)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	5.42	(3.94 - 7.40)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	5.23	(4.26 - 6.41)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	9.32^a	(7.49 - 11.56)	5.01	(3.78 - 6.61)	0.000
Region 7B (Ramsey)	8.13^b	(6.43 - 10.24)	6.08	(4.45 - 8.26)	0.073
Region 7C	9.04^a	(7.36 - 11.05)	5.08	(3.78 - 6.79)	0.000
Mississippi	6.14^a	(5.21 - 7.23)	4.54	(3.80 - 5.42)	0.003
Region 1	6.29^a	(5.04 - 7.82)	4.55	(3.41 - 6.05)	0.040
Region 2	5.86^a	(4.51 - 7.57)	3.87	(2.77 - 5.36)	0.015
Region 3	6.05	(4.77 - 7.65)	4.68	(3.42 - 6.38)	0.106
Region 4	6.04	(4.72 - 7.69)	4.70	(3.41 - 6.45)	0.133
Region 5	5.84	(4.47 - 7.60)	4.68	(3.23 - 6.73)	0.229
Region 6	6.79^a	(5.29 - 8.66)	4.52	(3.21 - 6.32)	0.014
Region 7	6.10	(4.80 - 7.72)	4.68	(3.40 - 6.41)	0.104
Missouri	7.02^a	(6.08 - 8.11)	5.38	(4.54 - 6.37)	0.004
Central	7.12^a	(5.70 - 8.85)	5.11	(3.83 - 6.79)	0.025
Eastern	7.20^a	(6.04 - 8.56)	5.27	(4.17 - 6.64)	0.010
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	7.08^a	(5.75 - 8.70)	5.09	(3.76 - 6.85)	0.031
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	7.41^b	(5.92 - 9.24)	5.57	(4.12 - 7.48)	0.052
Northwest	7.03	(5.83 - 8.46)	6.06	(4.76 - 7.70)	0.245
Northwest (Jackson)	7.15	(5.68 - 8.96)	6.02	(4.43 - 8.14)	0.272
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	6.93	(5.53 - 8.65)	6.10	(4.44 - 8.33)	0.422
Southeast	6.70	(5.31 - 8.43)	5.41	(3.92 - 7.41)	0.183
Southwest	6.78^a	(5.44 - 8.41)	4.81	(3.54 - 6.49)	0.022
Montana	9.68^a	(8.49 - 11.01)	7.82	(6.80 - 8.96)	0.018
Region 1	8.89^b	(7.11 - 11.07)	6.56	(4.71 - 9.07)	0.069
Region 2	8.44	(6.85 - 10.35)	7.38	(5.59 - 9.69)	0.355
Region 3	9.20	(7.50 - 11.24)	7.63	(5.98 - 9.67)	0.185
Region 4	10.84^b	(9.15 - 12.81)	8.77	(7.08 - 10.83)	0.078
Region 5	9.76^b	(8.12 - 11.70)	7.64	(6.14 - 9.46)	0.060
Nebraska	7.89^a	(6.87 - 9.05)	5.78	(4.94 - 6.76)	0.000
Regions 1 and 2	7.21^a	(5.91 - 8.78)	5.60	(4.30 - 7.25)	0.035
Region 1	7.50	(5.93 - 9.45)	6.34	(4.48 - 8.89)	0.276
Region 2	6.96^a	(5.44 - 8.88)	4.94	(3.56 - 6.83)	0.027
Region 3	7.36	(5.96 - 9.07)	5.85	(4.37 - 7.77)	0.103
Region 4	7.43^a	(5.87 - 9.38)	5.37	(3.98 - 7.19)	0.024
Region 5	8.86^a	(7.37 - 10.61)	6.18	(4.78 - 7.96)	0.007
Region 6	7.77^a	(6.45 - 9.33)	5.68	(4.53 - 7.10)	0.016
Nevada¹	8.38^a	(7.10 - 9.86)	5.72	(4.78 - 6.83)	0.000
Clark – Region 1	8.25^a	(6.84 - 9.93)	5.55	(4.51 - 6.82)	0.001
Region 3	8.50^a	(6.68 - 10.77)	5.57	(4.12 - 7.49)	0.005
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	5.76	(3.97 - 8.29)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	5.41	(3.72 - 7.78)	--
Washoe – Region 2	8.86^a	(7.07 - 11.05)	6.62	(4.97 - 8.76)	0.047
New Hampshire	7.29	(6.29 - 8.45)	6.27	(5.34 - 7.36)	0.117
Central	7.68	(6.44 - 9.13)	6.40	(5.12 - 7.96)	0.119
Central 1	8.08	(6.56 - 9.91)	6.95	(5.26 - 9.12)	0.297
Central 2	7.30	(5.80 - 9.14)	5.86	(4.33 - 7.87)	0.160
Northern	7.13	(5.65 - 8.98)	6.64	(5.01 - 8.75)	0.637
Southern	7.14	(6.02 - 8.46)	6.14	(5.05 - 7.44)	0.187
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	7.27	(5.79 - 9.10)	6.64	(5.09 - 8.62)	0.535
Southern 2	7.06	(5.77 - 8.62)	5.82	(4.55 - 7.41)	0.168
New Jersey	6.46^a	(5.48 - 7.61)	4.72	(4.03 - 5.52)	0.001
Central	6.28	(4.94 - 7.95)	5.18	(4.00 - 6.68)	0.202
Metropolitan	6.40^a	(5.05 - 8.07)	4.27	(3.25 - 5.58)	0.008
Northern	6.36^a	(5.09 - 7.92)	4.05	(3.18 - 5.15)	0.002
Southern	6.89	(5.48 - 8.62)	5.76	(4.49 - 7.36)	0.201
New Mexico	7.92^a	(6.85 - 9.14)	5.82	(4.92 - 6.88)	0.001
Region 1	7.73^a	(6.27 - 9.50)	5.51	(4.13 - 7.32)	0.023
Region 2	7.70^a	(6.07 - 9.72)	5.47	(3.93 - 7.56)	0.038
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	8.30	(6.85 - 10.01)	6.79	(5.35 - 8.57)	0.136
Region 4	7.51^a	(5.91 - 9.49)	5.11	(3.76 - 6.91)	0.012
Region 5	7.93^a	(6.39 - 9.81)	5.26	(4.07 - 6.78)	0.003
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	5.15	(3.68 - 7.15)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	5.36	(3.91 - 7.32)	--
New York¹	7.54^a	(6.90 - 8.24)	5.69	(5.11 - 6.32)	0.000
Region 1: Long Island	7.31^a	(6.19 - 8.62)	5.09	(3.99 - 6.47)	0.006
Region 2: New York City	7.05^b	(6.25 - 7.95)	6.13	(5.29 - 7.09)	0.093
Region 2A: Bronx	7.45^a	(6.10 - 9.07)	5.45	(4.10 - 7.23)	0.031
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	6.29	(4.95 - 7.97)	--
Region 2C: New York	8.28	(6.70 - 10.20)	8.20	(6.24 - 10.70)	0.945
Region 2D: Queens	6.03	(4.93 - 7.34)	5.04	(3.86 - 6.56)	0.196
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	4.97	(3.57 - 6.87)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	4.80	(3.71 - 6.20)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	6.65	(5.14 - 8.56)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	5.53	(3.98 - 7.63)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	5.48	(3.98 - 7.50)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	5.30	(3.81 - 7.34)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	5.60	(4.36 - 7.17)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	5.83	(4.39 - 7.71)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	5.20	(4.05 - 6.64)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	5.62	(4.40 - 7.17)	--
North Carolina¹	6.19^a	(5.28 - 7.26)	4.69	(4.04 - 5.44)	0.003
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	4.19	(3.02 - 5.79)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	5.12	(3.79 - 6.89)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	4.34	(3.15 - 5.95)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	4.90	(3.56 - 6.73)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	6.48	(5.06 - 8.26)	5.82	(4.29 - 7.85)	0.499
CenterPoint Human Services	5.97	(4.58 - 7.76)	5.06	(3.68 - 6.94)	0.308
Eastpointe	5.68^a	(4.38 - 7.35)	3.71	(2.67 - 5.14)	0.014
Partners Behavioral Health Management	6.04^b	(4.74 - 7.68)	4.42	(3.26 - 5.97)	0.054
Sandhills Center 1	5.87^a	(4.50 - 7.61)	4.03	(2.87 - 5.64)	0.029
Sandhills Center 2	6.27	(4.91 - 7.98)	5.18	(3.72 - 7.17)	0.233
Smoky Mountain Center 1	6.33^a	(4.95 - 8.07)	4.35	(3.18 - 5.93)	0.019
Smoky Mountain Center 2	5.81	(4.46 - 7.55)	4.73	(3.30 - 6.73)	0.238
Trillium Health Resources 1	6.71^a	(5.17 - 8.66)	4.67	(3.42 - 6.36)	0.023
Trillium Health Resources 2	6.99^a	(5.51 - 8.83)	4.89	(3.53 - 6.72)	0.021
North Dakota	8.34^a	(7.35 - 9.45)	6.42	(5.52 - 7.46)	0.002
Badlands and West Central	7.65^a	(6.29 - 9.27)	5.76	(4.55 - 7.28)	0.025
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	5.66	(4.07 - 7.82)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	5.79	(4.41 - 7.58)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	6.09	(4.33 - 8.52)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	5.97	(4.44 - 7.98)	--
Northeast	10.58^a	(8.81 - 12.64)	6.86	(5.19 - 9.01)	0.001
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	5.94	(4.26 - 8.24)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	6.26	(4.52 - 8.62)	--
Southeast	8.94^b	(7.51 - 10.61)	7.32	(5.89 - 9.08)	0.093
Ohio	7.30^a	(6.72 - 7.93)	5.34	(4.76 - 5.98)	0.000
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	6.53^a	(5.42 - 7.83)	4.61	(3.34 - 6.34)	0.027
Boards 3, 52, and 85	7.42^a	(6.03 - 9.09)	5.14	(3.83 - 6.85)	0.012
Boards 4 and 78	6.76^a	(5.41 - 8.41)	4.52	(3.35 - 6.08)	0.009
Boards 5 and 60	7.93	(6.64 - 9.45)	6.71	(5.08 - 8.80)	0.219
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	6.59^a	(5.32 - 8.14)	4.48	(3.21 - 6.21)	0.019
Boards 8, 13, and 83	6.92^b	(5.68 - 8.41)	5.31	(3.90 - 7.20)	0.074
Board 9 (Butler)	7.62^a	(6.34 - 9.14)	5.58	(4.15 - 7.46)	0.023
Board 12	7.47^b	(6.13 - 9.08)	5.71	(4.19 - 7.75)	0.076
Boards 18 and 47	7.55^a	(6.39 - 8.89)	5.71	(4.46 - 7.29)	0.036
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	6.94^a	(5.65 - 8.50)	4.77	(3.56 - 6.37)	0.010
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	7.40^a	(6.06 - 9.00)	4.32	(3.15 - 5.90)	0.001
Boards 22, 74, and 87	6.98	(5.68 - 8.55)	6.05	(4.62 - 7.87)	0.311
Boards 23 and 45	7.04^b	(5.78 - 8.56)	5.35	(3.87 - 7.34)	0.080
Board 25 (Franklin)	8.32^a	(7.07 - 9.77)	5.72	(4.49 - 7.26)	0.004
Boards 27, 71, and 73	6.70^a	(5.47 - 8.18)	4.83	(3.51 - 6.63)	0.040
Boards 28, 43, and 67	7.55^a	(6.27 - 9.07)	5.02	(3.66 - 6.84)	0.008
Board 31 (Hamilton)	6.60	(5.41 - 8.03)	6.23	(4.79 - 8.07)	0.691
Board 48 (Lucas)	7.39^a	(6.05 - 8.99)	5.45	(3.99 - 7.41)	0.042
Boards 50 and 76	7.58^a	(6.21 - 9.22)	4.84	(3.59 - 6.49)	0.003
Board 57 (Montgomery)	6.90	(5.62 - 8.45)	5.47	(4.00 - 7.44)	0.142
Board 77 (Summit)	7.68^a	(6.34 - 9.28)	4.88	(3.61 - 6.56)	0.002
Oklahoma	7.50^a	(6.42 - 8.74)	5.78	(4.89 - 6.83)	0.006
Central	8.06^a	(6.45 - 10.03)	5.20	(3.80 - 7.09)	0.003
East Central	7.18^a	(5.63 - 9.11)	4.84	(3.45 - 6.73)	0.013
Northeast	7.09^a	(5.63 - 8.89)	4.98	(3.65 - 6.77)	0.027
Northwest and Southwest	7.85^a	(6.29 - 9.75)	5.82	(4.30 - 7.82)	0.048
Oklahoma County	7.40	(5.84 - 9.35)	8.07	(6.08 - 10.63)	0.582
Southeast	7.49^a	(5.91 - 9.45)	4.88	(3.61 - 6.56)	0.005
Tulsa County	7.46^b	(5.95 - 9.33)	5.50	(4.04 - 7.43)	0.054
Oregon	8.14	(7.00 - 9.45)	7.46	(6.45 - 8.61)	0.343
Region 1 (Multnomah)	9.02	(7.15 - 11.32)	8.55	(6.63 - 10.96)	0.719
Region 2	8.26	(6.63 - 10.25)	6.69	(5.22 - 8.54)	0.137
Region 3	7.80	(6.38 - 9.51)	8.17	(6.52 - 10.19)	0.741
Region 4	7.69	(6.12 - 9.61)	6.46	(4.77 - 8.70)	0.282
Region 5 (Central)	8.10	(6.31 - 10.34)	6.51	(4.61 - 9.13)	0.196
Region 6 (Eastern)	7.85	(6.14 - 10.00)	6.42	(4.71 - 8.69)	0.211
Pennsylvania	6.78^a	(6.17 - 7.43)	5.01	(4.47 - 5.62)	0.000
Region 1 (Allegheny)	6.84	(5.75 - 8.13)	5.60	(4.37 - 7.14)	0.143
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	6.71^b	(5.50 - 8.16)	5.13	(3.84 - 6.81)	0.063
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	6.21^a	(5.11 - 7.55)	4.11	(3.02 - 5.58)	0.006
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	6.55^a	(5.29 - 8.09)	4.38	(3.25 - 5.88)	0.009
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	7.34^a	(6.13 - 8.76)	5.40	(4.18 - 6.94)	0.016
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	7.16^a	(6.08 - 8.41)	5.43	(4.38 - 6.72)	0.027
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	6.59^b	(5.35 - 8.10)	5.05	(3.79 - 6.70)	0.076
Regions 17 and 21	7.08	(5.76 - 8.69)	5.59	(4.10 - 7.59)	0.117
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	6.32^a	(5.23 - 7.61)	4.43	(3.46 - 5.65)	0.008
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	6.43^a	(5.28 - 7.81)	4.72	(3.52 - 6.30)	0.037
Regions 29 and 34	6.21	(5.00 - 7.69)	4.87	(3.59 - 6.58)	0.113
Regions 30 and 50	6.95^a	(5.67 - 8.50)	4.49	(3.32 - 6.06)	0.004
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	7.14^a	(5.94 - 8.56)	5.28	(4.07 - 6.82)	0.031
Rhode Island	8.49^a	(7.23 - 9.94)	6.72	(5.72 - 7.88)	0.019
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	6.07	(4.54 - 8.09)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	6.80	(5.21 - 8.82)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	7.00	(5.22 - 9.33)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	6.37	(4.77 - 8.46)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	7.00	(5.15 - 9.45)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	6.75	(4.89 - 9.27)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	7.42	(5.53 - 9.88)	--
South Carolina	7.74^a	(6.59 - 9.07)	5.42	(4.58 - 6.42)	0.001
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	5.01	(3.84 - 6.51)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	5.34	(4.09 - 6.95)	--
Region 3	8.21^a	(6.41 - 10.47)	4.84	(3.53 - 6.60)	0.001
Region 4	7.47	(5.86 - 9.48)	6.36	(4.90 - 8.20)	0.287
South Dakota	9.72^a	(8.51 - 11.08)	6.94	(5.97 - 8.05)	0.000
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	7.07	(5.50 - 9.05)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	8.26	(5.98 - 11.30)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	6.90	(5.41 - 8.77)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	6.37	(4.62 - 8.73)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	6.71	(5.34 - 8.41)	--
Tennessee	6.09^a	(5.12 - 7.22)	4.65	(3.90 - 5.54)	0.007
Region 1	5.92^a	(4.56 - 7.66)	4.27	(3.05 - 5.97)	0.049
Region 2	5.88	(4.66 - 7.39)	4.88	(3.64 - 6.51)	0.213
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	3.95	(2.85 - 5.45)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	6.80	(5.29 - 8.70)	5.62	(4.00 - 7.83)	0.261
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	4.62	(3.51 - 6.06)	--
Region 6	6.07	(4.68 - 7.82)	4.99	(3.60 - 6.89)	0.237
Region 7 (Shelby)	5.93^b	(4.58 - 7.64)	4.46	(3.20 - 6.18)	0.092
Texas	6.80^a	(6.22 - 7.42)	4.54	(4.10 - 5.02)	0.000
Region 1	7.25^a	(5.98 - 8.76)	4.84	(3.51 - 6.62)	0.007
Region 2	7.06^a	(5.74 - 8.66)	4.98	(3.64 - 6.79)	0.018
Region 3	6.62^a	(5.80 - 7.53)	4.55	(3.89 - 5.31)	0.000
Region 3a	6.34^a	(5.38 - 7.46)	4.53	(3.70 - 5.53)	0.003
Region 3bc	7.09^a	(5.99 - 8.38)	4.58	(3.66 - 5.71)	0.000
Region 4	6.72^a	(5.48 - 8.23)	4.76	(3.55 - 6.34)	0.018
Region 5	6.55^b	(5.29 - 8.08)	4.96	(3.66 - 6.69)	0.062
Region 6	6.71^a	(5.81 - 7.73)	4.18	(3.46 - 5.05)	0.000
Region 6a	6.73^a	(5.77 - 7.84)	4.18	(3.40 - 5.12)	0.000
Region 6bc	6.55^a	(5.30 - 8.07)	4.20	(3.04 - 5.77)	0.003
Region 7	7.74^a	(6.73 - 8.88)	5.05	(4.11 - 6.20)	0.000
Region 7a	7.94^a	(6.64 - 9.45)	5.18	(3.95 - 6.75)	0.002
Region 7bcd	7.41^a	(6.16 - 8.91)	4.82	(3.71 - 6.24)	0.001
Region 8	6.69^a	(5.61 - 7.97)	4.83	(3.80 - 6.11)	0.009
Region 9	7.39^a	(6.04 - 9.01)	5.51	(4.05 - 7.45)	0.037
Region 10	6.67^a	(5.40 - 8.21)	4.28	(3.20 - 5.71)	0.002
Region 11	6.23^a	(5.32 - 7.29)	3.77	(3.02 - 4.70)	0.000
Region 11abd	6.26^a	(5.15 - 7.60)	3.72	(2.80 - 4.93)	0.000
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	6.18^a	(5.04 - 7.57)	3.85	(2.83 - 5.23)	0.002
Utah	5.57^a	(4.71 - 6.57)	4.52	(3.81 - 5.35)	0.039
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	5.70	(4.43 - 7.32)	4.59	(3.27 - 6.41)	0.179
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	5.45^a	(4.28 - 6.92)	3.90	(2.94 - 5.17)	0.023
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	3.83	(2.65 - 5.49)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	3.95	(2.78 - 5.58)	--
Davis County	5.22^b	(4.06 - 6.69)	3.96	(2.85 - 5.47)	0.086
Salt Lake County	5.80	(4.69 - 7.16)	5.08	(4.00 - 6.43)	0.326
Utah County	5.40^b	(4.27 - 6.79)	4.08	(3.07 - 5.41)	0.066
Weber, Morgan	5.31	(4.06 - 6.90)	4.46	(3.20 - 6.18)	0.296
Vermont	7.76	(6.71 - 8.95)	7.32	(6.27 - 8.52)	0.533
Champlain Valley	8.26	(6.92 - 9.84)	7.90	(6.37 - 9.75)	0.714
Rural Northeast	7.69	(6.23 - 9.47)	7.37	(5.64 - 9.58)	0.779
Rural Southeast	7.37	(5.88 - 9.21)	6.27	(4.70 - 8.32)	0.303
Rural Southwest	7.13	(5.65 - 8.97)	7.11	(5.31 - 9.46)	0.983
Virginia	8.23^a	(7.15 - 9.46)	5.48	(4.79 - 6.26)	0.000
Region 1	9.04^a	(7.39 - 11.01)	4.83	(3.74 - 6.23)	0.000
Region 2	7.45^a	(5.94 - 9.31)	5.44	(4.30 - 6.85)	0.025
Region 3	9.04^a	(7.35 - 11.07)	5.15	(3.96 - 6.67)	0.000
Region 4	7.97^a	(6.43 - 9.84)	5.95	(4.63 - 7.62)	0.044
Region 5	8.17^a	(6.66 - 9.99)	5.86	(4.62 - 7.41)	0.014
Washington¹	6.87	(5.89 - 8.01)	5.96	(5.06 - 7.00)	0.132
Region 1	6.84	(5.63 - 8.30)	6.03	(4.75 - 7.63)	0.298
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	5.72	(4.28 - 7.60)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	6.49	(4.68 - 8.94)	--
Region 2	6.73	(5.61 - 8.05)	6.12	(5.00 - 7.48)	0.408
King	6.64	(5.36 - 8.20)	6.42	(5.04 - 8.15)	0.811
North Sound	6.89	(5.49 - 8.61)	5.58	(4.13 - 7.51)	0.155
Region 3	7.09^b	(5.85 - 8.57)	5.68	(4.59 - 7.02)	0.063
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	5.50	(4.03 - 7.47)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	6.41	(4.53 - 8.99)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	5.39	(3.95 - 7.31)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	5.97	(4.18 - 8.48)	--
West Virginia	6.10^a	(5.18 - 7.18)	4.18	(3.48 - 5.02)	0.000
Region I	6.07^a	(4.67 - 7.85)	4.00	(2.82 - 5.65)	0.015
Region II	6.02^a	(4.68 - 7.72)	4.14	(2.98 - 5.74)	0.027
Region III	5.41^a	(4.18 - 6.99)	3.52	(2.46 - 5.00)	0.015
Region IV	6.64^a	(5.37 - 8.19)	4.24	(3.16 - 5.66)	0.002
Region V	6.30^b	(5.05 - 7.83)	4.77	(3.64 - 6.23)	0.058
Region VI	5.62^a	(4.38 - 7.18)	3.66	(2.64 - 5.05)	0.013
Wisconsin	7.69	(6.67 - 8.85)	6.90	(5.94 - 8.02)	0.209
Milwaukee	7.57	(6.04 - 9.45)	7.36	(5.51 - 9.78)	0.856
Northeastern	7.33	(5.91 - 9.06)	5.78	(4.31 - 7.70)	0.118
Northern	7.89^a	(6.23 - 9.95)	5.73	(4.20 - 7.79)	0.048
Southeastern	7.43	(6.00 - 9.15)	6.88	(5.30 - 8.89)	0.587
Southern	8.24	(6.66 - 10.17)	8.08	(6.37 - 10.20)	0.880
Western	7.89	(6.35 - 9.76)	7.24	(5.51 - 9.48)	0.555
Wyoming	8.11^a	(7.07 - 9.28)	6.07	(5.18 - 7.10)	0.001
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	7.62^a	(6.11 - 9.47)	5.24	(3.89 - 7.02)	0.014
Judicial District 2	10.57^a	(8.82 - 12.62)	7.19	(5.36 - 9.58)	0.005
Judicial District 3	7.47	(6.01 - 9.25)	6.24	(4.61 - 8.38)	0.242
Judicial District 4	7.40^a	(5.87 - 9.30)	5.37	(3.82 - 7.48)	0.050
Judicial District 5	7.88^a	(6.27 - 9.87)	5.56	(4.05 - 7.57)	0.027
Judicial District 6	8.10	(6.51 - 10.04)	7.00	(5.20 - 9.35)	0.322
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	8.62^b	(6.92 - 10.69)	6.39	(4.76 - 8.52)	0.052
Judicial District 8	7.45^b	(5.89 - 9.39)	5.69	(4.15 - 7.75)	0.072
Judicial District 9	8.14^a	(6.45 - 10.23)	6.01	(4.41 - 8.14)	0.049
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Alcohol Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 9 – Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	3.81^a	(3.65 - 3.99)	4.45	(4.30 - 4.59)	0.000
Northeast	3.74^a	(3.45 - 4.06)	4.16	(3.88 - 4.45)	0.035
Midwest	4.14^a	(3.89 - 4.41)	4.77	(4.53 - 5.02)	0.000
South	3.68^a	(3.44 - 3.94)	4.33	(4.12 - 4.55)	0.000
West	3.77^a	(3.47 - 4.11)	4.56	(4.29 - 4.84)	0.000
Alabama	4.45	(3.61 - 5.47)	5.22	(4.40 - 6.19)	0.191
Region 1	4.62	(3.41 - 6.22)	5.51	(4.35 - 6.96)	0.277
Region 2	4.73	(3.53 - 6.32)	5.29	(4.15 - 6.72)	0.498
Region 3	3.85	(2.84 - 5.21)	4.97	(3.82 - 6.44)	0.122
Region 4	4.29	(3.12 - 5.86)	4.97	(3.85 - 6.39)	0.380
Alaska	3.67^a	(2.89 - 4.66)	5.19	(4.41 - 6.10)	0.007
Anchorage	3.68^a	(2.72 - 4.96)	5.32	(4.31 - 6.56)	0.018
Northern	3.73^a	(2.70 - 5.14)	5.21	(4.13 - 6.56)	0.040
South Central	3.75^b	(2.66 - 5.26)	4.98	(3.92 - 6.29)	0.087
Southeast	3.35^a	(2.34 - 4.79)	5.20	(4.03 - 6.69)	0.011
Arizona¹	4.29	(3.40 - 5.39)	4.65	(3.88 - 5.57)	0.531
Central	4.32	(3.27 - 5.69)	4.57	(3.67 - 5.69)	0.714
North	--	(-- - --)	4.72	(3.59 - 6.18)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	4.78	(3.81 - 5.98)	--
South A	4.27	(3.05 - 5.97)	4.87	(3.73 - 6.34)	0.442
South B	--	(-- - --)	4.67	(3.52 - 6.17)	--
Arkansas	4.83	(3.89 - 5.97)	5.43	(4.61 - 6.38)	0.328
Catchment Area 1	4.79	(3.45 - 6.63)	5.50	(4.30 - 7.01)	0.409
Catchment Area 2	5.34	(3.83 - 7.40)	5.48	(4.17 - 7.18)	0.883
Catchment Area 3	5.05	(3.66 - 6.92)	5.63	(4.38 - 7.21)	0.513
Catchment Area 4	4.66	(3.29 - 6.56)	5.68	(4.37 - 7.36)	0.251
Catchment Area 5	5.19	(3.83 - 7.00)	5.84	(4.63 - 7.34)	0.445
Catchment Area 6	4.36	(3.11 - 6.09)	5.24	(4.00 - 6.85)	0.285
Catchment Area 7	4.75	(3.38 - 6.64)	5.43	(4.13 - 7.11)	0.434
Catchment Area 8	4.37	(3.17 - 6.00)	4.84	(3.75 - 6.23)	0.545
California	3.21^a	(2.75 - 3.75)	4.02	(3.63 - 4.45)	0.010
Region 1R	3.92^a	(2.90 - 5.27)	5.31	(4.26 - 6.60)	0.040
Region 2R	3.89	(2.88 - 5.23)	4.28	(3.38 - 5.40)	0.517
Region 3R (Sacramento)	3.59	(2.65 - 4.84)	4.08	(3.27 - 5.08)	0.388
Region 4R	3.00^b	(2.22 - 4.03)	3.81	(3.00 - 4.82)	0.098
Region 5R (San Francisco)	3.23^b	(2.34 - 4.43)	4.24	(3.33 - 5.40)	0.083
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	2.90^b	(2.14 - 3.91)	3.69	(2.96 - 4.60)	0.100
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	2.87	(2.08 - 3.94)	3.68	(2.87 - 4.71)	0.115
Region 8R (Alameda)	3.00^b	(2.20 - 4.07)	3.94	(3.13 - 4.95)	0.071
Region 9R (San Mateo)	2.76	(2.00 - 3.80)	3.50	(2.76 - 4.44)	0.121
Region 10	3.43^a	(2.54 - 4.61)	4.59	(3.61 - 5.81)	0.042
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	3.02^a	(2.51 - 3.62)	3.89	(3.43 - 4.42)	0.009
LA SPA 1 and 5	3.08^a	(2.27 - 4.16)	4.25	(3.38 - 5.34)	0.027
LA SPA 2	3.11^b	(2.32 - 4.16)	4.05	(3.24 - 5.07)	0.075
LA SPA 3	2.92	(2.16 - 3.95)	3.47	(2.77 - 4.35)	0.242
LA SPA 4	3.30^a	(2.43 - 4.47)	4.43	(3.46 - 5.64)	0.045
LA SPA 6	2.81^a	(2.05 - 3.84)	3.97	(3.14 - 4.99)	0.019
LA SPA 7	2.96	(2.17 - 4.03)	3.50	(2.75 - 4.44)	0.274
LA SPA 8	2.89^b	(2.14 - 3.89)	3.76	(2.98 - 4.73)	0.072
Region 12R	3.54	(2.56 - 4.85)	4.19	(3.31 - 5.28)	0.247
Regions 13 and 19R	3.44	(2.60 - 4.53)	4.18	(3.41 - 5.12)	0.153
Region 14 (Orange)	3.11	(2.35 - 4.10)	3.68	(2.95 - 4.58)	0.227
Region 15R (Fresno)	3.19^b	(2.35 - 4.31)	4.14	(3.31 - 5.18)	0.073
Region 16R (San Diego)	3.15^a	(2.39 - 4.13)	4.16	(3.37 - 5.13)	0.048
Region 17R	3.58	(2.65 - 4.82)	4.29	(3.41 - 5.38)	0.235
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	3.50	(2.62 - 4.67)	3.88	(3.10 - 4.85)	0.479
Region 20R	3.49	(2.53 - 4.79)	4.37	(3.48 - 5.49)	0.143
Region 21R	3.20^a	(2.36 - 4.32)	4.21	(3.35 - 5.26)	0.044
Colorado	4.84	(3.86 - 6.04)	5.23	(4.44 - 6.15)	0.515
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	5.32	(4.11 - 6.87)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	5.29	(4.05 - 6.88)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	4.70	(3.72 - 5.92)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	5.25	(3.98 - 6.91)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	5.88	(4.58 - 7.54)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	5.37	(4.21 - 6.82)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	5.30	(4.15 - 6.74)	--
Connecticut	3.70	(2.94 - 4.64)	4.15	(3.47 - 4.95)	0.373
Eastern	4.18	(2.98 - 5.83)	4.36	(3.36 - 5.64)	0.808
North Central	3.56	(2.57 - 4.90)	4.28	(3.36 - 5.45)	0.265
Northwestern	3.70	(2.68 - 5.09)	3.80	(2.88 - 5.00)	0.876
South Central	3.90	(2.83 - 5.35)	4.38	(3.41 - 5.61)	0.497
Southwest	3.32	(2.35 - 4.67)	3.84	(2.95 - 4.99)	0.400
Delaware	3.85^a	(3.07 - 4.83)	5.36	(4.50 - 6.38)	0.008
Kent	4.86	(3.48 - 6.76)	5.55	(4.32 - 7.12)	0.442
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	3.57^a	(2.68 - 4.74)	5.45	(4.42 - 6.71)	0.005
Sussex	3.73^b	(2.65 - 5.22)	5.02	(3.82 - 6.57)	0.098
Wilmington City	3.83^a	(2.72 - 5.36)	5.31	(3.99 - 7.04)	0.046
District of Columbia	3.49^a	(2.79 - 4.37)	4.48	(3.78 - 5.30)	0.043
Ward 1	3.87	(2.82 - 5.27)	4.77	(3.67 - 6.17)	0.164
Ward 2	4.08^a	(2.95 - 5.62)	5.57	(4.32 - 7.17)	0.034
Ward 3	3.73^a	(2.66 - 5.19)	5.18	(4.04 - 6.61)	0.040
Ward 4	2.93	(2.04 - 4.19)	3.57	(2.69 - 4.72)	0.269
Ward 5	3.02	(2.13 - 4.28)	3.96	(3.01 - 5.19)	0.111
Ward 6	3.76	(2.70 - 5.23)	4.51	(3.43 - 5.90)	0.291
Ward 7	3.00	(2.12 - 4.23)	3.85	(2.92 - 5.07)	0.171
Ward 8	3.32	(2.37 - 4.63)	4.21	(3.23 - 5.48)	0.169
Florida¹	3.61	(3.11 - 4.19)	3.82	(3.37 - 4.32)	0.539
Broward (Circuit 17)	3.28	(2.43 - 4.41)	3.15	(2.45 - 4.04)	0.806
Central I	--	(-- - --)	3.85	(3.22 - 4.59)	--
Circuit 9	3.99	(3.02 - 5.25)	3.77	(3.01 - 4.70)	0.704
Circuit 18	3.59	(2.69 - 4.80)	3.96	(3.13 - 5.01)	0.495
Central II	--	(-- - --)	4.00	(3.43 - 4.65)	--
Circuit 6	3.95	(2.97 - 5.24)	4.16	(3.26 - 5.30)	0.745
Circuit 10	4.07	(3.01 - 5.47)	4.07	(3.15 - 5.25)	0.995
Circuit 12	4.09	(2.91 - 5.71)	3.73	(2.88 - 4.81)	0.601
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	3.91	(2.94 - 5.19)	4.31	(3.43 - 5.41)	0.520
Circuit 20	3.49	(2.60 - 4.68)	3.60	(2.82 - 4.60)	0.839
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	4.22	(3.59 - 4.94)	--
Circuit 4	4.05	(3.04 - 5.37)	4.41	(3.48 - 5.57)	0.567
Circuit 5	4.10	(3.04 - 5.50)	3.89	(3.03 - 4.98)	0.747
Circuit 7	3.81	(2.83 - 5.10)	3.96	(3.06 - 5.10)	0.799
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	4.92	(3.89 - 6.21)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	4.76	(3.99 - 5.67)	--
Circuit 1	3.92	(2.91 - 5.25)	4.82	(3.79 - 6.12)	0.160
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	4.71	(3.73 - 5.95)	--
Circuit 14	4.46	(3.26 - 6.07)	4.68	(3.60 - 6.07)	0.763
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	2.59	(1.91 - 3.50)	3.13	(2.48 - 3.94)	0.247
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	3.41	(2.78 - 4.18)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	3.08	(2.26 - 4.20)	3.23	(2.50 - 4.16)	0.765
Circuit 19	3.79	(2.77 - 5.16)	3.80	(2.94 - 4.91)	0.981
Georgia	3.35^b	(2.63 - 4.26)	4.24	(3.65 - 4.92)	0.067
Region 1	3.83	(2.77 - 5.28)	4.40	(3.51 - 5.49)	0.417
Region 2	3.34^b	(2.37 - 4.68)	4.64	(3.63 - 5.91)	0.061
Region 3	2.90	(2.08 - 4.03)	3.73	(2.99 - 4.64)	0.126
Region 4	3.45	(2.39 - 4.94)	4.56	(3.46 - 5.99)	0.101
Region 5	3.43	(2.40 - 4.88)	4.55	(3.53 - 5.86)	0.116
Region 6	3.38	(2.37 - 4.81)	4.29	(3.37 - 5.43)	0.179
Hawaii	3.36	(2.63 - 4.28)	3.70	(3.05 - 4.49)	0.489
Hawaii Island	3.79	(2.72 - 5.25)	4.29	(3.23 - 5.68)	0.460
Honolulu	3.26	(2.46 - 4.32)	3.57	(2.85 - 4.45)	0.581
Kauai	3.13	(2.18 - 4.48)	3.80	(2.82 - 5.10)	0.268
Maui	3.53	(2.49 - 5.00)	3.81	(2.88 - 5.03)	0.678
Idaho	5.10	(4.18 - 6.22)	5.74	(4.89 - 6.74)	0.309
Region 1	5.01	(3.63 - 6.87)	5.78	(4.45 - 7.49)	0.382
Region 2	4.69	(3.37 - 6.49)	5.53	(4.23 - 7.18)	0.294
Region 3	5.36	(3.94 - 7.26)	5.97	(4.66 - 7.61)	0.500
Region 4	4.97	(3.69 - 6.65)	5.69	(4.55 - 7.10)	0.387
Region 5	5.04	(3.64 - 6.93)	5.40	(4.17 - 6.97)	0.673
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	5.95	(4.52 - 7.80)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	5.83	(4.60 - 7.36)	--
Illinois	3.73	(3.23 - 4.29)	4.04	(3.53 - 4.62)	0.361
Region 1 (Cook)	3.61	(2.92 - 4.46)	3.83	(3.25 - 4.51)	0.621
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	4.28	(3.29 - 5.55)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	3.74	(2.89 - 4.84)	--
Region 1.3 (North Central Side)	--	(-- - --)	4.54	(3.51 - 5.85)	--
Region 1.4 (West Side)	--	(-- - --)	3.97	(3.09 - 5.10)	--
Region 1.5 (South Side)	--	(-- - --)	3.65	(2.81 - 4.74)	--
Region 1.6 (Southwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	3.49	(2.64 - 4.60)	--
Region 1.7 (Suburban Cook)	--	(-- - --)	3.67	(2.93 - 4.59)	--
Region 2	3.71	(3.00 - 4.58)	3.80	(3.22 - 4.49)	0.835
Region 2a (DuPage)	--	(-- - --)	3.76	(2.97 - 4.74)	--
Region 2b	--	(-- - --)	3.57	(2.84 - 4.47)	--
Region 2c (Winnebago)	--	(-- - --)	4.24	(3.25 - 5.52)	--
Region 2d	--	(-- - --)	4.44	(3.52 - 5.57)	--
Region 3	4.07	(3.21 - 5.15)	4.66	(3.79 - 5.73)	0.291
Region 3a (Champaign)	--	(-- - --)	4.83	(3.76 - 6.18)	--
Region 3b	--	(-- - --)	4.64	(3.68 - 5.82)	--
Region 4	3.87	(2.93 - 5.10)	4.68	(3.79 - 5.77)	0.166
Region 4a (Sangamon)	--	(-- - --)	4.48	(3.45 - 5.81)	--
Region 4b	--	(-- - --)	4.74	(3.73 - 6.01)	--
Region 5	3.74	(2.88 - 4.84)	4.52	(3.69 - 5.52)	0.169
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	4.35	(3.38 - 5.57)	--
Region 5b	--	(-- - --)	4.65	(3.61 - 5.99)	--
Indiana	4.81	(3.89 - 5.93)	5.20	(4.47 - 6.05)	0.489
Central	4.78	(3.48 - 6.52)	4.63	(3.70 - 5.78)	0.849
East	4.69	(3.28 - 6.67)	5.42	(4.15 - 7.06)	0.413
North Central	4.78	(3.44 - 6.61)	5.34	(4.13 - 6.86)	0.498
Northeast	4.78	(3.43 - 6.63)	5.13	(3.98 - 6.58)	0.663
Northwest	4.65	(3.33 - 6.46)	4.69	(3.63 - 6.04)	0.955
Southeast	5.36	(3.83 - 7.45)	6.00	(4.67 - 7.69)	0.507
Southwest	4.74	(3.38 - 6.62)	5.17	(3.99 - 6.67)	0.595
West	4.71^b	(3.43 - 6.43)	6.06	(4.79 - 7.64)	0.090
Iowa	4.14	(3.37 - 5.07)	4.86	(4.11 - 5.73)	0.169
Central	4.08	(2.95 - 5.63)	4.88	(3.80 - 6.25)	0.289
North Central	3.70^b	(2.68 - 5.10)	4.90	(3.80 - 6.30)	0.073
Northeast	4.07	(3.04 - 5.44)	4.89	(3.84 - 6.20)	0.251
Northwest	3.60	(2.64 - 4.90)	4.46	(3.40 - 5.81)	0.186
Southeast	4.58	(3.36 - 6.21)	5.14	(4.05 - 6.51)	0.467
Southwest	4.76	(3.39 - 6.64)	4.72	(3.60 - 6.16)	0.956
Kansas	3.57^a	(2.86 - 4.45)	4.98	(4.22 - 5.87)	0.006
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	4.88	(3.95 - 6.02)	--
Northwest and North Central	--	(-- - --)	4.96	(3.81 - 6.43)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	5.17	(4.10 - 6.52)	--
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	5.35	(4.06 - 7.03)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	4.45	(3.36 - 5.87)	--
Kentucky¹	4.30^a	(3.49 - 5.28)	5.46	(4.65 - 6.40)	0.033
Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	4.62	(3.39 - 6.27)	5.99	(4.63 - 7.72)	0.112
Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	4.41	(3.29 - 5.90)	5.29	(4.20 - 6.66)	0.248
Centerstone	3.84	(2.79 - 5.26)	4.72	(3.72 - 5.96)	0.201
Communicare and River Valley	4.47	(3.16 - 6.28)	5.42	(4.16 - 7.03)	0.270
Four Rivers and Pennyroyal	4.10^b	(2.95 - 5.68)	5.50	(4.19 - 7.18)	0.073
Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	4.39^a	(3.16 - 6.06)	6.63	(5.07 - 8.63)	0.016
Louisiana	3.82^a	(3.09 - 4.71)	4.89	(4.12 - 5.80)	0.040
Regions 1 and 10	--	(-- - --)	4.65	(3.72 - 5.81)	--
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	4.71	(3.62 - 6.10)	--
Region 10 (Jefferson)	3.53	(2.50 - 4.96)	4.58	(3.44 - 6.08)	0.138
Regions 2 and 9	3.86	(2.89 - 5.13)	4.58	(3.59 - 5.82)	0.260
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	4.81	(3.68 - 6.26)	--
Regions 4, 5, and 6	4.38	(3.23 - 5.92)	5.15	(4.03 - 6.58)	0.320
Regions 7 and 8	3.48^a	(2.53 - 4.76)	5.25	(4.04 - 6.80)	0.014
Maine	4.02^b	(3.29 - 4.91)	5.04	(4.26 - 5.94)	0.057
Aroostook/Downeast	3.86^b	(2.78 - 5.33)	5.08	(4.03 - 6.38)	0.094
Aroostook	--	(-- - --)	5.13	(3.90 - 6.72)	--
Downeast	--	(-- - --)	5.03	(3.79 - 6.65)	--
Central	4.16	(2.96 - 5.81)	5.52	(4.25 - 7.16)	0.118
Cumberland	4.06	(2.98 - 5.52)	4.57	(3.53 - 5.88)	0.482
Midcoast	3.79	(2.69 - 5.31)	4.85	(3.69 - 6.34)	0.162
Penquis	4.12^b	(3.02 - 5.61)	5.41	(4.22 - 6.91)	0.092
Western	4.34	(3.18 - 5.90)	5.49	(4.25 - 7.06)	0.160
York	3.75	(2.72 - 5.16)	4.64	(3.59 - 5.97)	0.198
Maryland	3.39	(2.67 - 4.30)	3.98	(3.36 - 4.71)	0.210
Anne Arundel	3.40	(2.36 - 4.87)	4.14	(3.15 - 5.43)	0.263
Baltimore City	3.55	(2.52 - 4.98)	4.21	(3.25 - 5.43)	0.309
Baltimore County	3.36	(2.33 - 4.82)	4.12	(3.15 - 5.37)	0.241
Montgomery	3.06	(2.17 - 4.31)	3.38	(2.61 - 4.37)	0.564
North Central	3.37	(2.38 - 4.76)	4.12	(3.19 - 5.32)	0.222
Northeast	3.82	(2.70 - 5.37)	4.69	(3.57 - 6.15)	0.220
Prince George's	3.01	(2.15 - 4.22)	3.37	(2.59 - 4.37)	0.510
South	3.70	(2.61 - 5.21)	4.30	(3.31 - 5.56)	0.374
West	3.75	(2.62 - 5.33)	4.35	(3.35 - 5.63)	0.381
Massachusetts	3.91	(3.16 - 4.84)	4.68	(3.97 - 5.51)	0.116
Boston	4.01	(2.90 - 5.51)	4.87	(3.80 - 6.24)	0.194
Central	3.92	(2.80 - 5.46)	5.09	(3.94 - 6.54)	0.111
Metrowest	3.53	(2.58 - 4.80)	4.14	(3.24 - 5.27)	0.312
Northeast	3.70	(2.65 - 5.15)	4.53	(3.50 - 5.84)	0.234
Southeast	4.09	(2.97 - 5.61)	4.91	(3.77 - 6.36)	0.262
Western	4.56	(3.30 - 6.26)	4.94	(3.87 - 6.30)	0.607
Michigan¹	4.20	(3.69 - 4.77)	4.62	(4.06 - 5.25)	0.259
Region 1	4.12	(3.07 - 5.49)	4.65	(3.61 - 5.97)	0.405
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	4.53	(3.52 - 5.81)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	4.86	(3.89 - 6.05)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	5.07	(4.05 - 6.33)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	4.96	(4.05 - 6.05)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	4.77	(3.82 - 5.95)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	4.41	(3.52 - 5.50)	--
Region 8	3.78	(2.90 - 4.90)	3.90	(3.10 - 4.88)	0.827
Region 9	4.51	(3.46 - 5.86)	4.37	(3.47 - 5.50)	0.838
Region 10	--	(-- - --)	4.90	(3.83 - 6.25)	--
Minnesota	4.22	(3.40 - 5.23)	4.42	(3.75 - 5.21)	0.704
Regions 1 and 2	4.43	(3.15 - 6.20)	4.41	(3.52 - 5.51)	0.979
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	4.35	(3.31 - 5.71)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	4.44	(3.40 - 5.78)	--
Regions 3 and 4	4.71	(3.43 - 6.43)	4.56	(3.68 - 5.63)	0.841
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	4.63	(3.54 - 6.02)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	4.52	(3.53 - 5.78)	--
Regions 5 and 6	4.08	(2.97 - 5.58)	4.45	(3.59 - 5.50)	0.580
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	4.33	(3.31 - 5.65)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	4.57	(3.53 - 5.90)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	4.37	(3.62 - 5.27)	--
Region 7A (Hennepin)	3.88	(2.83 - 5.31)	4.23	(3.29 - 5.43)	0.589
Region 7B (Ramsey)	4.07	(2.93 - 5.64)	4.70	(3.64 - 6.05)	0.369
Region 7C	4.25	(3.11 - 5.80)	4.37	(3.42 - 5.57)	0.867
Mississippi	3.63^a	(2.88 - 4.58)	5.00	(4.23 - 5.89)	0.014
Region 1	4.04	(2.88 - 5.65)	5.38	(4.24 - 6.82)	0.109
Region 2	3.36	(2.38 - 4.74)	4.39	(3.36 - 5.73)	0.136
Region 3	3.45^a	(2.47 - 4.82)	4.93	(3.78 - 6.40)	0.040
Region 4	3.36^b	(2.43 - 4.63)	4.63	(3.60 - 5.95)	0.056
Region 5	3.42^a	(2.41 - 4.84)	5.22	(3.91 - 6.94)	0.014
Region 6	4.03	(2.88 - 5.62)	5.22	(4.00 - 6.79)	0.129
Region 7	3.59^a	(2.51 - 5.11)	5.15	(3.97 - 6.67)	0.046
Missouri	4.38	(3.52 - 5.43)	5.15	(4.39 - 6.04)	0.171
Central	4.36	(3.13 - 6.05)	5.07	(3.96 - 6.46)	0.374
Eastern	4.15	(3.19 - 5.39)	4.71	(3.82 - 5.80)	0.350
Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	3.65	(2.67 - 4.97)	4.68	(3.62 - 6.04)	0.108
Eastern (excluding St. Louis)	5.05	(3.63 - 6.98)	4.76	(3.64 - 6.19)	0.730
Northwest	4.03^b	(3.06 - 5.29)	5.18	(4.22 - 6.35)	0.078
Northwest (Jackson)	3.81^b	(2.70 - 5.34)	5.04	(3.92 - 6.46)	0.090
Northwest (excluding Jackson)	4.22	(3.03 - 5.85)	5.30	(4.10 - 6.81)	0.177
Southeast	4.82	(3.48 - 6.64)	6.06	(4.66 - 7.84)	0.180
Southwest	5.14	(3.69 - 7.10)	5.46	(4.28 - 6.95)	0.712
Montana	4.36	(3.54 - 5.37)	5.10	(4.33 - 5.99)	0.186
Region 1	3.68^b	(2.63 - 5.14)	4.98	(3.78 - 6.54)	0.071
Region 2	4.09	(2.96 - 5.61)	4.98	(3.88 - 6.38)	0.229
Region 3	4.05	(2.96 - 5.51)	5.08	(3.95 - 6.50)	0.182
Region 4	4.40	(3.32 - 5.83)	5.05	(4.02 - 6.31)	0.377
Region 5	4.82	(3.59 - 6.45)	5.24	(4.16 - 6.56)	0.591
Nebraska	3.84	(3.13 - 4.70)	4.36	(3.67 - 5.17)	0.265
Regions 1 and 2	3.70	(2.78 - 4.90)	4.34	(3.41 - 5.50)	0.266
Region 1	3.56	(2.53 - 5.00)	4.45	(3.36 - 5.85)	0.172
Region 2	3.81	(2.68 - 5.40)	4.24	(3.16 - 5.66)	0.549
Region 3	4.11	(3.01 - 5.58)	4.54	(3.47 - 5.91)	0.538
Region 4	3.77	(2.76 - 5.14)	4.16	(3.20 - 5.39)	0.530
Region 5	3.72	(2.75 - 5.02)	4.41	(3.51 - 5.53)	0.244
Region 6	3.88	(2.97 - 5.06)	4.33	(3.46 - 5.41)	0.442
Nevada¹	4.46	(3.51 - 5.64)	4.80	(3.98 - 5.77)	0.588
Clark – Region 1	4.47	(3.39 - 5.87)	4.72	(3.81 - 5.83)	0.730
Region 3	4.37	(3.10 - 6.13)	5.02	(3.95 - 6.36)	0.423
Capital District	--	(-- - --)	5.05	(3.80 - 6.68)	--
Rural/Frontier	--	(-- - --)	5.00	(3.71 - 6.71)	--
Washoe – Region 2	4.46	(3.22 - 6.14)	4.98	(3.84 - 6.44)	0.502
New Hampshire	4.24^b	(3.41 - 5.27)	5.22	(4.38 - 6.21)	0.097
Central	4.50	(3.45 - 5.87)	5.60	(4.51 - 6.92)	0.129
Central 1	4.60	(3.33 - 6.32)	5.79	(4.49 - 7.45)	0.160
Central 2	4.41	(3.17 - 6.11)	5.40	(4.14 - 7.02)	0.235
Northern	4.37	(3.13 - 6.07)	5.13	(3.94 - 6.65)	0.354
Southern	4.08	(3.17 - 5.25)	5.05	(4.13 - 6.16)	0.135
Southern 1 (Rockingham)	3.87	(2.84 - 5.27)	4.56	(3.51 - 5.92)	0.340
Southern 2	4.22	(3.13 - 5.65)	5.36	(4.23 - 6.76)	0.129
New Jersey	3.50	(2.79 - 4.37)	3.58	(3.02 - 4.23)	0.860
Central	3.39	(2.42 - 4.73)	3.64	(2.87 - 4.62)	0.673
Metropolitan	3.28	(2.40 - 4.47)	3.38	(2.63 - 4.34)	0.852
Northern	3.40	(2.51 - 4.58)	3.49	(2.77 - 4.39)	0.872
Southern	3.99	(2.92 - 5.44)	3.86	(3.00 - 4.96)	0.838
New Mexico	3.42^a	(2.71 - 4.31)	4.57	(3.84 - 5.43)	0.022
Region 1	3.56	(2.58 - 4.91)	4.41	(3.38 - 5.72)	0.195
Region 2	3.29^b	(2.31 - 4.66)	4.51	(3.40 - 5.96)	0.073
Region 3 (Bernalillo)	3.29^a	(2.40 - 4.51)	4.78	(3.77 - 6.03)	0.025
Region 4	3.54	(2.50 - 4.99)	4.44	(3.41 - 5.76)	0.172
Region 5	3.53	(2.53 - 4.90)	4.53	(3.61 - 5.66)	0.130
Region 5a	--	(-- - --)	4.63	(3.50 - 6.11)	--
Region 5b (Dona Ana)	--	(-- - --)	4.43	(3.37 - 5.81)	--
New York¹	3.75	(3.25 - 4.32)	3.86	(3.39 - 4.40)	0.741
Region 1: Long Island	3.23	(2.46 - 4.23)	3.42	(2.71 - 4.32)	0.699
Region 2: New York City	3.60	(3.01 - 4.31)	3.67	(3.14 - 4.29)	0.855
Region 2A: Bronx	3.36	(2.50 - 4.50)	3.44	(2.67 - 4.43)	0.875
Region 2B: Kings	--	(-- - --)	3.86	(3.08 - 4.83)	--
Region 2C: New York	3.74	(2.78 - 5.00)	3.86	(3.00 - 4.93)	0.835
Region 2D: Queens	3.44	(2.58 - 4.56)	3.38	(2.66 - 4.29)	0.921
Region 2E: Richmond	--	(-- - --)	4.07	(3.14 - 5.27)	--
Region 3: Mid-Hudson	--	(-- - --)	3.51	(2.78 - 4.41)	--
Region 4: Capital Region	--	(-- - --)	4.17	(3.30 - 5.25)	--
Region 5: Mohawk Valley	--	(-- - --)	4.67	(3.59 - 6.06)	--
Region 6: North Country	--	(-- - --)	4.32	(3.39 - 5.50)	--
Region 7: Tug Hill Seaway	--	(-- - --)	4.98	(3.86 - 6.41)	--
Region 8: Central	--	(-- - --)	4.72	(3.75 - 5.93)	--
Region 9: Southern Tier	--	(-- - --)	5.09	(3.93 - 6.57)	--
Region 10: Finger Lakes	--	(-- - --)	4.74	(3.76 - 5.97)	--
Region 11: Western	--	(-- - --)	4.00	(3.17 - 5.05)	--
North Carolina¹	3.59^a	(2.86 - 4.49)	4.71	(4.06 - 5.46)	0.024
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 1	--	(-- - --)	4.61	(3.59 - 5.90)	--
Alliance Behavioral Healthcare 2	--	(-- - --)	4.33	(3.37 - 5.53)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 1	--	(-- - --)	4.84	(3.72 - 6.29)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 2	--	(-- - --)	4.51	(3.50 - 5.79)	--
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare Solutions 3	3.30^b	(2.35 - 4.62)	4.36	(3.37 - 5.62)	0.084
CenterPoint Human Services	3.43^b	(2.39 - 4.91)	4.75	(3.66 - 6.15)	0.062
Eastpointe	3.49	(2.48 - 4.89)	4.47	(3.42 - 5.81)	0.165
Partners Behavioral Health Management	4.04	(2.85 - 5.69)	5.24	(4.05 - 6.76)	0.136
Sandhills Center 1	3.93	(2.75 - 5.59)	4.77	(3.65 - 6.21)	0.270
Sandhills Center 2	3.41	(2.38 - 4.86)	4.22	(3.22 - 5.51)	0.205
Smoky Mountain Center 1	3.98^b	(2.80 - 5.61)	5.33	(4.12 - 6.86)	0.090
Smoky Mountain Center 2	3.80	(2.67 - 5.38)	4.90	(3.69 - 6.48)	0.156
Trillium Health Resources 1	3.57	(2.51 - 5.07)	4.60	(3.52 - 5.98)	0.142
Trillium Health Resources 2	3.87^b	(2.70 - 5.53)	5.28	(4.07 - 6.82)	0.067
North Dakota	3.26^a	(2.60 - 4.07)	4.74	(4.07 - 5.51)	0.001
Badlands and West Central	3.07^a	(2.21 - 4.25)	4.29	(3.44 - 5.33)	0.036
Badlands	--	(-- - --)	4.42	(3.39 - 5.74)	--
West Central	--	(-- - --)	4.25	(3.30 - 5.45)	--
Lake Region	--	(-- - --)	4.21	(3.20 - 5.53)	--
North Central	--	(-- - --)	4.77	(3.71 - 6.11)	--
Northeast	3.30^a	(2.41 - 4.48)	5.22	(4.08 - 6.65)	0.001
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	4.75	(3.63 - 6.19)	--
South Central	--	(-- - --)	4.33	(3.35 - 5.59)	--
Southeast	3.46^a	(2.57 - 4.63)	5.16	(4.21 - 6.32)	0.006
Ohio	4.32^a	(3.79 - 4.93)	5.25	(4.67 - 5.89)	0.019
Boards 2, 46, 55, and 68	4.31	(3.21 - 5.76)	5.32	(4.15 - 6.79)	0.156
Boards 3, 52, and 85	4.47	(3.29 - 6.05)	4.90	(3.88 - 6.17)	0.523
Boards 4 and 78	4.45	(3.26 - 6.05)	5.25	(4.13 - 6.64)	0.292
Boards 5 and 60	4.73^a	(3.54 - 6.30)	6.31	(4.99 - 7.94)	0.049
Boards 7, 15, 41, 79, and 84	4.49	(3.40 - 5.90)	5.37	(4.19 - 6.85)	0.231
Boards 8, 13, and 83	4.58	(3.41 - 6.14)	5.07	(3.99 - 6.42)	0.487
Board 9 (Butler)	4.76	(3.60 - 6.28)	5.28	(4.20 - 6.64)	0.464
Board 12	4.25^b	(3.16 - 5.69)	5.59	(4.35 - 7.16)	0.063
Boards 18 and 47	3.59^a	(2.77 - 4.64)	4.97	(4.01 - 6.16)	0.023
Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	4.13^a	(3.04 - 5.58)	5.51	(4.36 - 6.94)	0.047
Boards 21, 39, 51, 70, and 80	4.50	(3.40 - 5.94)	5.16	(4.07 - 6.53)	0.333
Boards 22, 74, and 87	4.21	(3.13 - 5.65)	5.22	(4.12 - 6.60)	0.142
Boards 23 and 45	4.74	(3.51 - 6.36)	5.38	(4.17 - 6.91)	0.412
Board 25 (Franklin)	4.88	(3.74 - 6.33)	5.28	(4.25 - 6.53)	0.575
Boards 27, 71, and 73	5.06	(3.77 - 6.76)	5.73	(4.49 - 7.29)	0.416
Boards 28, 43, and 67	4.29	(3.28 - 5.61)	4.93	(3.82 - 6.36)	0.330
Board 31 (Hamilton)	4.09	(3.08 - 5.42)	4.96	(3.97 - 6.20)	0.176
Board 48 (Lucas)	4.20	(3.12 - 5.64)	5.30	(4.14 - 6.77)	0.117
Boards 50 and 76	4.54	(3.40 - 6.03)	5.36	(4.20 - 6.82)	0.275
Board 57 (Montgomery)	4.02^a	(3.06 - 5.28)	5.38	(4.23 - 6.81)	0.039
Board 77 (Summit)	3.92^b	(2.94 - 5.19)	5.11	(4.04 - 6.44)	0.068
Oklahoma	4.09^b	(3.29 - 5.07)	5.09	(4.32 - 5.99)	0.059
Central	4.08	(2.96 - 5.59)	5.08	(3.96 - 6.50)	0.163
East Central	4.32	(3.06 - 6.06)	5.43	(4.19 - 7.01)	0.167
Northeast	3.82	(2.69 - 5.41)	4.85	(3.73 - 6.28)	0.150
Northwest and Southwest	4.58	(3.23 - 6.44)	5.00	(3.86 - 6.44)	0.605
Oklahoma County	3.92	(2.85 - 5.36)	4.93	(3.89 - 6.23)	0.139
Southeast	4.27	(3.09 - 5.88)	5.43	(4.14 - 7.09)	0.149
Tulsa County	3.74^b	(2.69 - 5.19)	5.01	(3.89 - 6.44)	0.068
Oregon	4.53	(3.68 - 5.55)	5.46	(4.63 - 6.43)	0.109
Region 1 (Multnomah)	4.68	(3.43 - 6.38)	5.95	(4.67 - 7.54)	0.152
Region 2	4.04	(3.00 - 5.43)	4.73	(3.75 - 5.95)	0.301
Region 3	4.65	(3.48 - 6.19)	5.77	(4.59 - 7.23)	0.168
Region 4	4.84	(3.47 - 6.71)	5.45	(4.20 - 7.05)	0.491
Region 5 (Central)	4.76	(3.38 - 6.66)	5.36	(4.03 - 7.09)	0.505
Region 6 (Eastern)	4.24	(3.00 - 5.98)	5.22	(3.97 - 6.83)	0.241
Pennsylvania	3.60^a	(3.10 - 4.17)	4.43	(3.91 - 5.01)	0.021
Region 1 (Allegheny)	3.28^a	(2.50 - 4.28)	4.59	(3.68 - 5.70)	0.021
Regions 3, 8, 9, and 51	3.72	(2.79 - 4.94)	4.53	(3.57 - 5.73)	0.191
Regions 4, 11, 37, and 49	3.89	(2.93 - 5.17)	4.83	(3.78 - 6.15)	0.160
Regions 5, 18, 23, 24, and 46	4.07	(3.00 - 5.50)	5.07	(3.96 - 6.49)	0.164
Regions 6, 12, 16, 31, 35, 45, and 47	3.64^b	(2.72 - 4.85)	4.84	(3.87 - 6.03)	0.051
Regions 7, 13, 20, and 33	3.28	(2.52 - 4.26)	3.80	(3.06 - 4.71)	0.324
Regions 10, 15, 27, 32, 43, and 44	3.87	(2.88 - 5.18)	4.56	(3.52 - 5.88)	0.302
Regions 17 and 21	3.90^a	(2.88 - 5.26)	5.23	(4.05 - 6.72)	0.045
Regions 19, 26, 28, and 42	3.84	(2.88 - 5.09)	4.33	(3.49 - 5.36)	0.426
Regions 22, 38, 40, 41, and 48	3.62	(2.70 - 4.84)	4.65	(3.64 - 5.93)	0.103
Regions 29 and 34	3.49	(2.57 - 4.73)	4.14	(3.20 - 5.35)	0.266
Regions 30 and 50	3.78^b	(2.81 - 5.07)	5.02	(3.86 - 6.50)	0.069
Region 36 (Philadelphia)	3.43	(2.60 - 4.52)	4.14	(3.26 - 5.23)	0.200
Rhode Island	5.23	(4.15 - 6.59)	4.61	(3.89 - 5.46)	0.337
Region 1: Southern Providence County	--	(-- - --)	4.44	(3.41 - 5.75)	--
Region 2: Northern Providence County/ Blackstone Valley	--	(-- - --)	4.75	(3.68 - 6.11)	--
Region 3: Providence	--	(-- - --)	5.03	(3.93 - 6.42)	--
Region 4: Kent County	--	(-- - --)	4.59	(3.56 - 5.91)	--
Region 5: East Bay	--	(-- - --)	4.67	(3.57 - 6.09)	--
Region 6: Newport County	--	(-- - --)	4.21	(3.20 - 5.53)	--
Region 7: South County	--	(-- - --)	4.30	(3.32 - 5.55)	--
South Carolina	3.65^b	(2.91 - 4.56)	4.51	(3.79 - 5.35)	0.095
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	4.44	(3.51 - 5.61)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	4.62	(3.62 - 5.87)	--
Region 3	3.39^b	(2.42 - 4.73)	4.54	(3.47 - 5.91)	0.099
Region 4	3.74	(2.73 - 5.12)	4.46	(3.45 - 5.74)	0.281
South Dakota	3.43^a	(2.76 - 4.27)	4.57	(3.87 - 5.38)	0.015
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	4.74	(3.73 - 6.02)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	4.13	(3.13 - 5.43)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	4.79	(3.81 - 6.01)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	4.73	(3.61 - 6.18)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	4.28	(3.41 - 5.37)	--
Tennessee	3.87^a	(3.11 - 4.79)	5.16	(4.38 - 6.07)	0.013
Region 1	4.01^b	(2.84 - 5.65)	5.57	(4.27 - 7.24)	0.063
Region 2	4.03^a	(2.93 - 5.50)	5.79	(4.53 - 7.36)	0.029
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	5.16	(3.99 - 6.63)	--
Region 4 (Davidson)	3.46^a	(2.49 - 4.78)	4.88	(3.76 - 6.31)	0.035
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	5.04	(3.95 - 6.40)	--
Region 6	4.40	(3.15 - 6.11)	5.52	(4.24 - 7.15)	0.163
Region 7 (Shelby)	2.99^a	(2.16 - 4.12)	4.25	(3.28 - 5.48)	0.023
Texas	3.34	(2.89 - 3.85)	3.66	(3.25 - 4.11)	0.280
Region 1	3.57	(2.64 - 4.80)	4.49	(3.51 - 5.72)	0.127
Region 2	3.86	(2.88 - 5.16)	4.43	(3.45 - 5.67)	0.329
Region 3	3.54	(2.92 - 4.28)	3.61	(3.08 - 4.23)	0.849
Region 3a	3.47	(2.73 - 4.39)	3.46	(2.84 - 4.21)	0.990
Region 3bc	3.66	(2.79 - 4.78)	3.87	(3.14 - 4.77)	0.684
Region 4	3.93	(2.93 - 5.25)	4.12	(3.24 - 5.23)	0.744
Region 5	3.70	(2.72 - 5.02)	4.15	(3.24 - 5.31)	0.443
Region 6	2.96	(2.31 - 3.79)	3.39	(2.80 - 4.09)	0.323
Region 6a	2.87	(2.18 - 3.76)	3.36	(2.74 - 4.12)	0.284
Region 6bc	3.72	(2.74 - 5.04)	3.59	(2.79 - 4.61)	0.816
Region 7	3.56	(2.84 - 4.44)	4.19	(3.51 - 5.01)	0.156
Region 7a	3.45	(2.59 - 4.58)	4.06	(3.25 - 5.07)	0.247
Region 7bcd	3.74	(2.82 - 4.94)	4.43	(3.54 - 5.53)	0.206
Region 8	3.12	(2.34 - 4.16)	3.47	(2.76 - 4.36)	0.470
Region 9	3.52	(2.62 - 4.71)	3.66	(2.86 - 4.68)	0.766
Region 10	3.04	(2.24 - 4.12)	3.24	(2.55 - 4.11)	0.674
Region 11	3.06	(2.41 - 3.88)	3.25	(2.66 - 3.97)	0.639
Region 11abd	3.02	(2.26 - 4.02)	3.22	(2.52 - 4.11)	0.674
Region 11c (Hidalgo)	3.13	(2.31 - 4.23)	3.29	(2.54 - 4.24)	0.743
Utah	4.96^a	(4.08 - 6.03)	6.37	(5.50 - 7.35)	0.022
Bear River, Northeastern, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch	5.47	(4.02 - 7.42)	6.50	(5.12 - 8.24)	0.252
Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	4.87^b	(3.56 - 6.63)	6.22	(5.00 - 7.72)	0.089
Central, Four Corners, and San Juan	--	(-- - --)	6.33	(4.88 - 8.17)	--
Southwest	--	(-- - --)	6.16	(4.73 - 7.99)	--
Davis County	4.99	(3.66 - 6.75)	6.03	(4.68 - 7.75)	0.195
Salt Lake County	5.09	(3.88 - 6.66)	6.16	(5.06 - 7.49)	0.193
Utah County	4.39^a	(3.29 - 5.84)	7.04	(5.69 - 8.69)	0.001
Weber, Morgan	4.97	(3.59 - 6.85)	6.26	(4.80 - 8.11)	0.151
Vermont	3.95^a	(3.19 - 4.89)	5.56	(4.69 - 6.59)	0.005
Champlain Valley	3.63^a	(2.73 - 4.82)	5.37	(4.25 - 6.77)	0.014
Rural Northeast	4.69	(3.38 - 6.46)	5.93	(4.66 - 7.53)	0.141
Rural Southeast	3.77^b	(2.74 - 5.17)	5.25	(4.09 - 6.72)	0.053
Rural Southwest	3.88^a	(2.82 - 5.30)	5.92	(4.60 - 7.59)	0.011
Virginia	3.73	(3.00 - 4.62)	4.14	(3.54 - 4.83)	0.372
Region 1	4.09	(3.02 - 5.51)	4.25	(3.35 - 5.36)	0.802
Region 2	3.27	(2.37 - 4.50)	3.61	(2.86 - 4.53)	0.545
Region 3	4.22	(3.04 - 5.82)	4.87	(3.83 - 6.18)	0.384
Region 4	3.79	(2.74 - 5.23)	4.26	(3.35 - 5.42)	0.467
Region 5	3.59	(2.61 - 4.91)	4.10	(3.25 - 5.15)	0.417
Washington¹	4.16^b	(3.37 - 5.12)	5.23	(4.41 - 6.18)	0.051
Region 1	4.31^a	(3.29 - 5.62)	5.71	(4.61 - 7.05)	0.041
Greater Columbia and North Central	--	(-- - --)	5.55	(4.33 - 7.10)	--
Spokane	--	(-- - --)	5.94	(4.52 - 7.76)	--
Region 2	3.79^b	(2.94 - 4.88)	4.78	(3.87 - 5.87)	0.100
King	3.53	(2.60 - 4.76)	4.59	(3.58 - 5.86)	0.104
North Sound	4.25	(3.10 - 5.80)	5.11	(3.93 - 6.63)	0.261
Region 3	4.57	(3.53 - 5.89)	5.56	(4.58 - 6.72)	0.141
Pierce	--	(-- - --)	5.67	(4.36 - 7.34)	--
Salish	--	(-- - --)	5.57	(4.22 - 7.31)	--
SW WA and Great Rivers	--	(-- - --)	5.55	(4.30 - 7.14)	--
Thurston-Mason	--	(-- - --)	5.29	(4.00 - 6.97)	--
West Virginia	4.83	(3.88 - 6.01)	5.69	(4.86 - 6.65)	0.188
Region I	4.09	(2.89 - 5.77)	5.06	(3.86 - 6.61)	0.234
Region II	5.31	(3.79 - 7.41)	5.27	(4.10 - 6.74)	0.962
Region III	5.06	(3.57 - 7.14)	5.75	(4.42 - 7.45)	0.474
Region IV	4.26	(3.05 - 5.93)	5.60	(4.41 - 7.08)	0.112
Region V	5.34	(3.92 - 7.23)	6.21	(4.94 - 7.78)	0.367
Region VI	4.54	(3.21 - 6.39)	5.55	(4.29 - 7.14)	0.268
Wisconsin	4.10^b	(3.32 - 5.06)	5.12	(4.35 - 6.02)	0.060
Milwaukee	4.36	(3.17 - 5.96)	5.39	(4.20 - 6.89)	0.185
Northeastern	4.16	(3.04 - 5.68)	4.91	(3.82 - 6.30)	0.310
Northern	4.10	(2.92 - 5.73)	5.05	(3.86 - 6.58)	0.215
Southeastern	3.80	(2.76 - 5.22)	4.77	(3.71 - 6.11)	0.166
Southern	4.02^b	(2.92 - 5.49)	5.46	(4.29 - 6.92)	0.062
Western	4.29	(3.16 - 5.81)	5.20	(4.03 - 6.68)	0.222
Wyoming	4.02	(3.26 - 4.96)	4.84	(4.10 - 5.71)	0.106
Judicial District 1 (Laramie)	3.95	(2.89 - 5.38)	4.83	(3.73 - 6.23)	0.212
Judicial District 2	4.15^a	(3.03 - 5.65)	5.78	(4.53 - 7.36)	0.019
Judicial District 3	4.10	(3.01 - 5.56)	5.18	(4.00 - 6.68)	0.139
Judicial District 4	4.10	(2.90 - 5.79)	4.46	(3.36 - 5.90)	0.631
Judicial District 5	3.64	(2.63 - 5.03)	4.52	(3.49 - 5.84)	0.179
Judicial District 6	4.50	(3.20 - 6.30)	4.72	(3.64 - 6.11)	0.766
Judicial District 7 (Natrona)	4.23	(3.06 - 5.82)	4.77	(3.67 - 6.18)	0.460
Judicial District 8	3.72	(2.65 - 5.21)	4.58	(3.48 - 6.01)	0.210
Judicial District 9	3.76	(2.67 - 5.26)	4.51	(3.48 - 5.82)	0.270
SPA = service planning area. -- Not available. These regions were not defined consistently across the two time periods (i.e., 2008-2010 and 2016-2018); hence, the 2008-2010 estimates and p values are not available for these regions. The definitions of the substate regions listed in this table are provided in the "2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Substate Region Definitions" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: Substate, state, and census region estimates, along with the 95 percent Bayesian confidence (credible) intervals, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach and are generated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the 95 percent confidence intervals and the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). SMI includes individuals with diagnoses resulting in serious functional impairment. As such, these estimates are based on indicators of SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic status. For details, see Section B of the "2017-2018 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ^a Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. ¹ Names of some of the substate regions for this state have changed across the two time periods (2008-2010 vs. 2016-2018). For details, see Exhibit A.1 at the end of this document. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018.

200420

Table 10 – Any Mental Illness in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2010 and 2016-2018 NSDUHs
State/Substate Region	2008-2010 (Estimate)	2008-2010 (95% Confidence Interval)	2016-2018 (Estimate)	2016-2018 (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Total United States	17.96^a	(17.62 - 18.31)	18.76	(18.46 - 19.06)	0.001
Northeast	18.44	(17.74 - 19.17)	18.32	(17.71 - 18.94)	0.786
Midwest	18.45^b	(17.89 - 19.02)	19.20	(18.64 - 19.77)	0.057
South	17.39^a	(16.87 - 17.93)	18.18	(17.71 - 18.66)	0.027
West	18.00^a	(17.28 - 18.74)	19.63	(19.01 - 20.26)	0.001
Alabama	19.78	(17.70 - 22.03)	20.68	(18.87 - 22.61)	0.502
Region 1	21.27	(18.04 - 24.89)	19.95	(17.28 - 22.91)	0.535
Region 2	19.13	(16.33 - 22.29)	21.33	(18.47 - 24.49)	0.282
Region 3	19.11	(15.94 - 22.75)	20.87	(17.97 - 24.10)	0.410
Region 4	19.37	(16.24 - 22.93)	20.51	(17.54 - 23.85)	0.602
Alaska	17.72^a	(15.78 - 19.85)	20.84	(19.08 - 22.72)	0.017
Anchorage	18.42^b	(15.82 - 21.33)	21.76	(19.32 - 24.43)	0.064
Northern	16.80^a	(14.04 - 19.97)	20.99	(18.19 - 24.09)	0.033
South Central	17.07	(14.26 - 20.29)	19.39	(16.79 - 22.29)	0.242
Southeast	18.39	(15.08 - 22.23)	20.61	(17.39 - 24.24)	0.324
Arizona¹	17.94	(15.86 - 20.23)	18.49	(16.75 - 20.37)	0.679
Central	18.00	(15.54 - 20.75)	18.34	(16.20 - 20.68)	0.843
North	--	(-- - --)	18.26	(15.27 - 21.69)	--
South	--	(-- - --)	18.92	(16.47 - 21.65)	--
South A	18.40	(15.17 - 22.12)	19.62	(16.49 - 23.18)	0.581
South B	--	(-- - --)	18.08	(15.04 - 21.58)	--
Arkansas	19.93	(17.94 - 22.09)	20.44	(18.65 - 22.35)	0.699
Catchment Area 1	19.13	(15.98 - 22.73)	20.73	(17.76 - 24.06)	0.452
Catchment Area 2	21.21	(17.67 - 25.24)	20.75	(17.43 - 24.51)	0.852
Catchment Area 3	20.16	(16.93 - 23.83)	21.18	(18.08 - 24.66)	0.652
Catchment Area 4	19.72	(16.23 - 23.75)	21.46	(18.14 - 25.19)	0.470
Catchment Area 5	20.63	(17.50 - 24.16)	21.53	(18.52 - 24.89)	0.679
Catchment Area 6	18.89	(15.47 - 22.85)	18.55	(15.32 - 22.29)	0.886
Catchment Area 7	19.21	(15.87 - 23.05)	18.89	(15.65 - 22.62)	0.892
Catchment Area 8	19.87	(16.77 - 23.40)	19.47	(16.58 - 22.72)	0.853
California	16.80^b	(15.69 - 17.97)	18.21	(17.33 - 19.12)	0.053
Region 1R	19.18	(16.24 - 22.52)	21.49	(18.71 - 24.56)	0.256
Region 2R	19.08	(16.14 - 22.40)	19.04	(16.20 - 22.23)	0.984
Region 3R (Sacramento)	18.09	(15.20 - 21.39)	19.48	(16.91 - 22.34)	0.479
Region 4R	16.99	(14.27 - 20.11)	17.92	(15.27 - 20.91)	0.626
Region 5R (San Francisco)	19.23	(16.10 - 22.80)	20.93	(17.70 - 24.57)	0.472
Region 6 (Santa Clara)	15.12	(12.68 - 17.93)	17.44	(15.10 - 20.06)	0.181
Region 7R (Contra Costa)	15.44	(12.81 - 18.49)	17.90	(15.28 - 20.87)	0.196
Region 8R (Alameda)	16.22	(13.66 - 19.15)	18.94	(16.35 - 21.83)	0.150
Region 9R (San Mateo)	15.40	(12.76 - 18.46)	17.70	(15.07 - 20.67)	0.239
Region 10	17.77	(14.92 - 21.03)	19.02	(16.32 - 22.05)	0.532
Region 11 (Los Angeles)	16.27	(14.86 - 17.79)	17.53	(16.34 - 18.78)	0.183
LA SPA 1 and 5	16.85	(14.08 - 20.04)	19.74	(16.98 - 22.83)	0.132
LA SPA 2	17.29	(14.63 - 20.31)	18.49	(16.00 - 21.27)	0.527
LA SPA 3	14.91	(12.50 - 17.68)	15.75	(13.48 - 18.32)	0.619
LA SPA 4	17.43	(14.66 - 20.60)	19.46	(16.63 - 22.64)	0.294
LA SPA 6	15.72	(13.25 - 18.55)	16.78	(14.22 - 19.69)	0.545
LA SPA 7	15.11	(12.56 - 18.06)	15.86	(13.43 - 18.63)	0.673
LA SPA 8	16.41	(13.83 - 19.37)	16.92	(14.56 - 19.59)	0.776
Region 12R	18.87	(15.64 - 22.60)	20.41	(17.43 - 23.74)	0.474
Regions 13 and 19R	16.16	(13.78 - 18.86)	17.97	(15.70 - 20.49)	0.265
Region 14 (Orange)	17.20	(14.76 - 19.95)	16.93	(14.79 - 19.31)	0.875
Region 15R (Fresno)	16.01^a	(13.34 - 19.09)	19.69	(17.14 - 22.52)	0.047
Region 16R (San Diego)	16.94	(14.67 - 19.48)	18.36	(16.17 - 20.77)	0.375
Region 17R	16.19	(13.71 - 19.03)	17.77	(15.41 - 20.40)	0.358
Region 18R (San Bernardino)	17.13	(14.70 - 19.87)	17.57	(15.22 - 20.19)	0.802
Region 20R	16.07	(13.40 - 19.16)	19.22	(16.47 - 22.30)	0.105
Region 21R	17.64	(14.82 - 20.86)	18.93	(16.28 - 21.91)	0.502
Colorado	18.30^b	(16.29 - 20.49)	20.87	(19.07 - 22.80)	0.052
Region 1	--	(-- - --)	21.76	(18.75 - 25.11)	--
Region 2	--	(-- - --)	21.78	(18.29 - 25.72)	--
Region 3	--	(-- - --)	19.18	(16.46 - 22.23)	--
Region 4	--	(-- - --)	19.15	(15.81 - 23.01)	--
Region 5	--	(-- - --)	22.76	(19.50 - 26.39)	--
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	21.82	(18.73 - 25.26)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	20.32	(17.32 - 23.69)	--
Connecticut	17.84	(15.88 - 20.00)	18.62	(16.84 - 20.55)	0.549
Eastern	19.21	(15.99 - 22.91)	20.15	(17.15 - 23.51)	0.678
North Central	16.53	(13.76 - 19.73)	19.14	(16.46 - 22.13)	0.192
Northwestern	17.41	(14.47 - 20.80)	18.41	(15.59 - 21.61)	0.630
South Central	19.63	(16.47 - 23.23)	17.43	(14.79 - 20.43)	0.302
Southwest	17.06	(14.11 - 20.48)	18.57	(15.63 - 21.91)	0.479
Delaware	18.22	(16.22 - 20.42)	19.54	(17.76 - 21.46)	0.332
Kent	18.93	(15.78 - 22.54)	20.03	(17.09 - 23.32)	0.620
New Castle (excluding Wilmington City)	18.52	(15.99 - 21.34)	19.84	(17.66 - 22.22)	0.454
Sussex	16.87	(13.92 - 20.30)	18.50	(15.67 - 21.71)	0.433
Wilmington City	18.50	(15.13 - 22.43)	19.51	(16.06 - 23.50)	0.673
District of Columbia	18.42^a	(16.46 - 20.55)	21.60	(19.75 - 23.56)	0.015
Ward 1	19.15^b	(16.11 - 22.61)	23.19	(19.64 - 27.17)	0.071
Ward 2	20.21^a	(17.03 - 23.82)	26.32	(22.70 - 30.30)	0.008
Ward 3	20.03	(16.90 - 23.58)	23.69	(20.31 - 27.44)	0.103
Ward 4	16.38	(13.39 - 19.88)	18.30	(15.34 - 21.69)	0.357
Ward 5	17.03	(13.89 - 20.70)	19.51	(16.55 - 22.86)	0.268
Ward 6	19.29	(16.07 - 22.99)	22.37	(19.00 - 26.14)	0.189
Ward 7	17.22	(14.19 - 20.73)	18.04	(15.10 - 21.42)	0.696
Ward 8	17.11	(14.08 - 20.64)	20.31	(17.28 - 23.71)	0.119
Florida¹	16.87	(15.80 - 18.01)	17.28	(16.22 - 18.40)	0.594
Broward (Circuit 17)	14.55	(12.36 - 17.05)	15.44	(13.20 - 17.98)	0.583
Central I	--	(-- - --)	17.67	(15.94 - 19.54)	--
Circuit 9	17.34	(14.86 - 20.14)	17.67	(15.54 - 20.02)	0.846
Circuit 18	16.72	(14.14 - 19.66)	17.66	(15.20 - 20.43)	0.601
Central II	--	(-- - --)	18.00	(16.54 - 19.55)	--
Circuit 6	18.07	(15.43 - 21.05)	18.52	(15.92 - 21.44)	0.815
Circuit 10	18.89	(15.86 - 22.34)	16.77	(14.17 - 19.73)	0.299
Circuit 12	19.47	(16.15 - 23.28)	16.99	(14.33 - 20.04)	0.255
Circuit 13 (Hillsborough)	17.30	(14.85 - 20.07)	18.98	(16.51 - 21.71)	0.361
Circuit 20	16.52	(13.98 - 19.41)	17.75	(15.16 - 20.66)	0.510
Northeast	--	(-- - --)	18.06	(16.47 - 19.77)	--
Circuit 4	18.83	(15.91 - 22.15)	17.57	(15.07 - 20.38)	0.527
Circuit 5	16.50	(14.05 - 19.28)	18.75	(16.04 - 21.80)	0.244
Circuit 7	17.65	(14.91 - 20.77)	16.92	(14.31 - 19.90)	0.715
Circuit 8 plus Columbia, Dixie, Hamilton, Lafayette, and Suwannee	--	(-- - --)	19.58	(16.71 - 22.81)	--
Northwest	--	(-- - --)	20.17	(18.12 - 22.40)	--
Circuit 1	17.41	(14.70 - 20.49)	19.89	(16.99 - 23.15)	0.220
Circuit 2 plus Madison and Taylor	--	(-- - --)	20.93	(17.90 - 24.31)	--
Circuit 14	20.01	(16.74 - 23.73)	19.72	(16.61 - 23.24)	0.899
South (Circuits 11 and 16)	14.72	(12.68 - 17.03)	14.56	(12.61 - 16.75)	0.915
Southeast	--	(-- - --)	16.72	(14.67 - 19.00)	--
Circuit 15 (Palm Beach)	16.12	(13.61 - 18.99)	16.58	(14.08 - 19.43)	0.800
Circuit 19	16.88	(14.08 - 20.10)	17.04	(14.21 - 20.29)	0.939
Georgia	15.96^b	(14.14 - 17.97)	18.11	(16.72 - 19.59)	0.070
Region 1	16.80	(14.16 - 19.81)	19.23	(17.00 - 21.67)	0.186
Region 2	16.07	(13.25 - 19.36)	18.12	(15.59 - 20.96)	0.279
Region 3	15.26	(12.75 - 18.16)	16.12	(14.11 - 18.34)	0.614
Region 4	16.56	(13.53 - 20.10)	19.14	(15.99 - 22.74)	0.243
Region 5	15.59	(12.76 - 18.92)	18.80	(15.99 - 21.98)	0.119
Region 6	15.91^b	(13.00 - 19.32)	19.32	(16.57 - 22.41)	0.092
Hawaii	17.32	(15.39 - 19.42)	16.55	(14.83 - 18.42)	0.556
Hawaii Island	19.00	(15.72 - 22.79)	19.44	(16.28 - 23.05)	0.846
Honolulu	16.98	(14.80 - 19.40)	15.82	(13.91 - 17.94)	0.448
Kauai	16.72	(13.41 - 20.66)	17.75	(14.50 - 21.54)	0.660
Maui	17.64	(14.55 - 21.23)	17.21	(14.25 - 20.65)	0.840
Idaho	20.99^a	(19.02 - 23.10)	24.58	(22.66 - 26.60)	0.007
Region 1	20.70	(17.21 - 24.69)	24.24	(20.67 - 28.20)	0.143
Region 2	19.60	(16.23 - 23.47)	23.36	(19.75 - 27.40)	0.115
Region 3	21.80	(18.57 - 25.43)	24.31	(21.00 - 27.96)	0.276
Region 4	21.36^a	(18.44 - 24.61)	25.56	(22.62 - 28.75)	0.050
Region 5	20.40	(17.08 - 24.17)	23.08	(19.61 - 26.95)	0.266
Region 6	--	(-- - --)	24.65	(20.80 - 28.95)	--
Region 7	--	(-- - --)	24.97	(21.74 - 28.50)	--
Illinois	16.79	(15.66 - 17.98)	17.05	(15.88 - 18.29)	0.751
Region 1 (Cook)	16.44	(14.72 - 18.31)	16.39	(14.95 - 17.95)	0.970
Region 1.1 (Far North Side)	--	(-- - --)	18.01	(15.09 - 21.36)	--
Region 1.2 (Northwest Side)	--	(-- - --)	15.71