Section 8 PE Tables - Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ

240520

Table 8.1B – Average Number of Days Used Specific Substances in Past Year: Among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Averages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
Marijuana	142.1	144.9	88.0	84.0	144.8	147.9	147.2	146.2	144.1	148.4	116.9	117.6	145.5	148.4
Cocaine	41.5	46.1	*	81.1	41.7	45.7	22.0	19.8	48.1	52.5	22.8	30.5	42.5	47.1
Crack	98.8	87.9	*	*	98.8	88.0	68.9	39.5	100.1	91.6	70.9	*	99.0	89.4
Heroin	173.8^a	123.1	*	*	174.1^a	123.6	71.7	146.6	179.8^a	122.6	54.1	*	176.2^a	124.8
Hallucinogens	15.3	16.2	17.5	20.2	15.2	16.0	11.2	11.6	17.2	17.6	12.3	13.7	15.8	16.5
Inhalants	33.6	30.9	34.1	20.8	33.5	33.7	26.7	26.8	37.6	37.2	37.9^a	23.5	31.4	34.1
Methamphetamine	153.0	163.5	59.2	121.7	153.7	164.1	93.4^a	163.2	157.5	164.1	60.5	122.5	155.0	164.7
Alcohol	89.1^a	86.0	21.9	22.5	90.7^a	87.6	66.8^b	61.2	94.5	91.7	36.4	34.9	92.5^a	89.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.2B – Average Number of Days Used Specific Substances in Past Month: Among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Averages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
Marijuana	16.2	16.2	11.6	11.4	16.4	16.4	16.5	16.5	16.3	16.4	14.4	14.7	16.4	16.4
Cocaine	6.4	6.8	*	*	6.4	6.9	3.4	2.7	7.1	7.4	3.2	3.3	6.5	7.0
Crack	11.4	11.5	*	*	11.4	11.4	13.1	*	11.3	11.5	*	*	11.4	11.4
Heroin	20.3	16.8	*	*	20.3	16.8	13.9	18.0	20.4	16.8	*	*	20.3	16.9
Hallucinogens	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.9	3.1	2.1	2.1	3.1	3.3	2.3	2.2	2.9	3.1
Inhalants	5.0	4.4	4.8^b	2.3	5.1	4.7	3.7	2.8	5.7	5.3	4.8^b	2.5	5.2	4.9
Methamphetamine	18.6	20.3	*	*	18.6	20.4	18.8	19.6	18.6	20.4	11.5	15.1	18.6	20.4
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	7.1	8.7	4.3	6.6	7.3	8.8	6.0	9.3	7.4	8.8	4.2	6.9	7.4	8.8
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	5.7	4.7	3.4	3.8	5.8	4.7	5.3	5.0	5.9	4.6	3.4	5.3	6.0	4.6
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	5.5	6.1	3.5^a	10.8	5.5	5.9	5.1	4.2	5.6	6.1	4.4	6.8	5.5	6.0
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	9.1	5.9	*	*	9.2	5.5	3.5	3.2	10.0	5.8	4.0	8.5	9.4	5.7
Cigarettes	21.6	21.7	5.9	6.0	21.7	21.8	12.9	12.7	22.6	22.8	10.1	9.5	22.0	22.1
Smokeless Tobacco	19.1	19.7	9.7	6.5	19.2	19.9	12.8	14.0	20.2	20.8	9.9	9.4	19.6	20.2
Cigars	8.8^b	10.4	7.6	6.5	8.8^b	10.4	9.2	9.1	8.7^b	10.7	8.9	8.6	8.8^b	10.5
Nicotine Vaping	18.2	18.7	12.8	12.8	18.7	19.1	18.8	19.0	18.5	19.2	16.6	16.3	18.6	19.2
Alcohol	8.1	8.3	2.9	3.2	8.2	8.3	6.1	6.0	8.5	8.7	4.2	4.3	8.3	8.4
Binge Alcohol Use	4.3	4.5	2.1^a	2.6	4.3	4.5	3.8	3.8	4.4	4.6	3.3	3.3	4.3	4.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.3A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	15,073	15,740	285	275	14,789	15,465	3,402	3,132	11,387	12,333	1,251	1,257	13,822	14,484
Cocaine	116	117	*	7	115	110	7	2	108	107	*	7	114	110
Crack	61	52	*	*	61	52	*	*	61	50	*	*	61	52
Heroin	272	156	*	*	272	156	4	6	269	149	*	*	272	156
Hallucinogens	37	48	6	3	31	45	8	6	23	39	6	3	31	45
Inhalants	*	33	7	2	*	30	6	2	*	28	13	3	*	29
Methamphetamine	604	665	2	*	603	665	16	17	586	648	2	4	602	661
Alcohol	11,747	11,475	14	12	11,733	11,463	533	406	11,200	11,056	127	68	11,619	11,407
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	15,073	15,740	285	275	14,789	15,465	3,402	3,132	11,387	12,333	1,251	1,257	13,822	14,484
Cocaine	116	117	*	*	115	110	7	2	108	107	1	*	114	110
Crack	61	52	*	*	61	52	*	*	61	50	*	*	61	52
Heroin	272	*	*	*	272	*	*	*	269	*	*	*	272	*
Hallucinogens	37	48	*	3	31	45	8	6	23	39	6	3	31	45
Inhalants	13	33	7	*	*	30	*	2	*	28	13	3	*	29
Methamphetamine	604	665	*	*	603	665	*	*	586	648	*	*	602	661
Alcohol	11,747	11,475	14	12	11,733	11,463	533	406	11,200	11,056	127	68	11,619	11,407
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.3B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	5.3	5.6	1.1	1.1	5.8	6.0	9.8	9.2	5.1	5.5	3.2	3.3	5.7	5.9
Cocaine	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.2	0.2	<0.1	*	0.2	0.3	<0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	<0.1	<0.1	0.2	0.3
Alcohol	4.2	4.0	0.1	<0.1	4.6	4.5	1.5	1.2	5.1	4.9	0.3	0.2	4.8	4.6
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	24.4	25.5	9.7	9.5	25.1	26.2	25.6	25.2	24.9	26.5	16.9	18.0	25.4	26.4
Cocaine	2.2	2.3	*	*	2.2	2.2	0.5	0.2	2.7	2.7	0.5	*	2.3	2.3
Crack	6.6	5.2	*	*	6.6	5.2	*	*	6.9	5.4	*	*	6.6	5.3
Heroin	26.0	*	*	*	26.0	*	*	*	27.1	*	*	*	26.5	*
Hallucinogens	0.4	0.5	*	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.6
Inhalants	0.6	1.3	1.2	*	*	1.5	*	0.3	*	2.1	1.7	0.4	*	1.6
Methamphetamine	22.3	25.4	*	*	22.4	25.8	*	*	23.2	26.2	*	*	22.7	26.0
Alcohol	6.6	6.5	0.3	0.3	6.8	6.6	2.3	1.8	7.5	7.4	1.2	0.6	7.0	6.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.4A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	20,487	20,972	488	400	19,999	20,572	4,497	4,231	15,503	16,341	1,862	1,745	18,625	19,227
Cocaine	197	275	*	*	197	274	5	2	191	272	*	*	197	274
Crack	161	165	*	*	161	165	4	*	157	163	*	*	160	165
Heroin	436^a	181	*	*	436^a	181	4	6	432^b	175	*	*	436^a	181
Hallucinogens	54	80	2	*	52	79	*	6	52	73	2	*	52	79
Inhalants	63	48	7	*	56	48	8	3	48	45	13	*	49	48
Methamphetamine	977	1,036	1	19	975	1,016	29	23	946	993	5	21	971	1,015
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	308	380	3	13	305	367	13	33	292	333	6	19	303	361
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	101	50	*	*	101	49	24	16	77	33	*	8	101	41
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	127	90	*	3	127	87	14	*	112	85	*	3	125	87
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	54	29	*	3	54	25	*	*	53	25	*	3	54	25
Cigarettes (Daily Use)²	24,103	22,774	10	20	24,093	22,754	996	920	23,097	21,834	200	177	23,903	22,597
Smokeless Tobacco	3,538^a	4,279	12	8	3,527^a	4,270	277	377	3,250	3,893	63	63	3,476^a	4,216
Cigars	2,183^a	2,788	30	15	2,153^a	2,773	411	378	1,742^a	2,394	155	111	2,028^a	2,677
Nicotine Vaping	12,735^b	14,729	594	610	12,140^b	14,120	4,743	4,609	7,397^b	9,511	2,263	2,085	10,472^b	12,645
Alcohol	20,732	20,954	23	15	20,709	20,939	1,098	1,106	19,611	19,833	161	130	20,571	20,825
Binge Alcohol Use	2,829	3,258	3	4	2,825	3,254	216	249	2,609	3,005	62	51	2,766	3,207
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	20,487	20,972	488	400	19,999	20,572	4,497	4,231	15,503	16,341	1,862	1,745	18,625	19,227
Cocaine	197	275	*	*	197	274	5	2	191	272	*	*	197	274
Crack	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	54	80	*	*	52	79	*	*	52	73	*	1	52	79
Inhalants	*	48	*	*	*	48	*	*	*	45	*	*	*	48
Methamphetamine	977	1,036	*	*	975	1,016	*	*	946	993	*	*	971	1,015
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	308	380	*	*	305	367	13	*	292	333	6	*	303	361
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	101	50	*	*	101	49	24	*	77	33	*	*	101	41
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	127	90	*	*	127	87	*	*	112	85	*	*	125	87
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Cigarettes (Daily Use)²	24,103	22,774	10	*	24,093	22,754	996	920	23,097	21,834	200	177	23,903	22,597
Smokeless Tobacco	3,538^a	4,279	*	*	3,527^a	4,270	277	377	3,250	3,893	63	63	3,476^a	4,216
Cigars	2,183^a	2,788	*	*	2,153^a	2,773	411	378	1,742^a	2,394	155	111	2,028^a	2,677
Nicotine Vaping	12,735^b	14,729	594	610	12,140^b	14,120	4,743	4,609	7,397^b	9,511	2,263	2,085	10,472^b	12,645
Alcohol	20,732	20,954	23	15	20,709	20,939	1,098	1,106	19,611	19,833	161	130	20,571	20,825
Binge Alcohol Use	2,829	3,258	3	4	2,825	3,254	216	249	2,609	3,005	62	51	2,766	3,207
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	9,580	9,000	*	*	9,580	9,000	174	214	9,406	8,785	*	*	9,556	8,975
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. ² Estimates of cigarettes (daily only) include only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.4B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	7.3	7.4	1.9	1.5	7.8	8.0	12.9	12.4	7.0	7.3	4.8	4.6	7.7	7.8
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
Crack	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.2^b	0.1	*	*	0.2^b	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.2^b	0.1	*	*	0.2^b	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.4	<0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	<0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Cigarettes (Daily Use)²	8.5	8.0	<0.1	0.1	9.4	8.8	2.9	2.7	10.4	9.8	0.5	0.5	9.8	9.2
Smokeless Tobacco	1.3^a	1.5	<0.1	<0.1	1.4^a	1.7	0.8	1.1	1.5	1.7	0.2	0.2	1.4^a	1.7
Cigars	0.8^a	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.8^a	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.8^a	1.1	0.4	0.3	0.8^a	1.1
Nicotine Vaping	4.5^b	5.2	2.3	2.4	4.7^b	5.5	13.6	13.5	3.3^b	4.3	5.9	5.5	4.3^b	5.2
Alcohol	7.4	7.4	0.1	0.1	8.1	8.1	3.2	3.2	8.9	8.9	0.4	0.3	8.5	8.5
Binge Alcohol Use	1.0	1.1	<0.1	<0.1	1.1	1.3	0.6	0.7	1.2	1.3	0.2	0.1	1.1	1.3
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	48.4	48.0	29.6	25.6	49.2	48.9	49.9	49.4	49.0	48.7	40.9	40.5	49.3	48.9
Cocaine	9.8	15.2	*	*	9.8	15.3	1.3	1.0	11.9	17.3	*	*	10.1	15.8
Crack	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	2.4	3.0	*	*	2.4	3.1	*	*	3.2	3.8	*	0.3	2.6	3.4
Inhalants	*	4.8	*	*	*	5.5	*	*	*	7.0	*	*	*	6.1
Methamphetamine	58.0	64.9	*	*	58.0	64.9	*	*	58.1	65.5	*	*	58.2	65.3
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	12.6	17.5	*	*	13.1	18.1	6.0	*	13.9	17.9	2.8	*	13.5	18.3
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	7.5	4.3	*	*	7.7	4.3	6.3	*	8.2	4.0	*	*	8.3	3.9
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	9.8	8.6	*	*	10.0	8.6	*	*	10.1	9.7	*	*	10.0	8.9
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Cigarettes (Daily Use)²	58.7	58.9	3.1	*	59.1	59.3	26.7	25.4	62.4	62.9	16.5	14.2	60.0	60.3
Smokeless Tobacco	58.2	61.1	*	*	58.5	61.6	33.9	39.7	62.4	65.1	20.6	20.6	60.1	62.9
Cigars	21.0^a	26.0	*	*	21.1^a	26.1	22.3	20.9	20.8^a	27.2	21.2	19.2	21.0^a	26.4
Nicotine Vaping	54.2	55.4	33.6	34.7	55.9	56.8	56.9	56.2	55.2	57.1	48.0	46.8	55.7	57.1
Alcohol	15.1	15.6	1.3	0.8	15.3	15.8	6.3	6.6	16.6	17.1	2.8	2.3	15.6	16.1
Binge Alcohol Use	4.6	5.3	0.4	0.4	4.7	5.4	2.1	2.5	5.2	5.9	2.0	1.6	4.8	5.5
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	39.8	39.6	*	*	39.8	39.6	17.5	23.3	40.8	40.3	*	*	40.1	39.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. ² Estimates of cigarettes (daily only) include only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.5A – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Drug	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
Marijuana	14,761	15,272	353	370	14,408	14,902	3,640^a	3,148	10,768	11,754	1,327	1,179	13,434	14,093
Cocaine (Including Crack)	505	518	1	*	504	518	82	57	423	461	2	11	504	507
Heroin	84	76	<1	*	84	76	*	6	84	70	1	*	84	76
Hallucinogens	151^a	304	1	4	150^a	300	71	56	80^a	244	16	10	135^a	294
Inhalants	56	91	*	<1	56	91	17	34	38	57	3	26	53	65
Methamphetamine	398	488	*	*	398	488	12	12	386	476	1	6	397	481
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.5B – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Drug	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
Marijuana	10.8	11.4	21.0	21.0	10.7	11.3	21.1^a	19.0	9.2^a	10.2	23.3	21.7	10.3	11.0
Cocaine (Including Crack)	0.4	0.4	0.1	*	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	<0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4
Heroin	0.1	0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.1^a	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1^a	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.1^a	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1^a	0.2
Inhalants	<0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.5	<0.1	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.4	*	*	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4	<0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.6A – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	41,062^a	38,692	24,583	23,471	59.9	60.7
12-20¹	1,211	1,248	439	484	36.3	38.8
21 or Older¹	39,852	37,444	24,143	22,987	60.6	61.4
12-17	319	344	94	142	29.5	41.3
12-13	43	30	8	20	*	*
14-15	81	114	23	50	*	*
16-17	195	200	64	72	*	*
18 or Older	40,743^a	38,348	24,488	23,329	60.1	60.8
18-25	3,729	3,616	1,460	1,415	39.1	39.1
18-20	891	904	345	342	38.7	37.8
21-25	2,837	2,712	1,115	1,073	39.3	39.6
26 or Older	37,014^a	34,732	23,029	21,914	62.2	63.1
26-49	20,309^a	18,707	11,996	11,259	59.1	60.2
26-29	2,885^a	2,405	1,305	1,220	45.2	50.7
30-34	4,457^a	3,858	2,376	2,162	53.3	56.0
35-39	4,402	4,587	2,562	2,832	58.2	61.7
40-44	4,590	4,109	3,041	2,592	66.3	63.1
45-49	3,975	3,749	2,711	2,453	68.2	65.4
50 or Older	16,706	16,025	11,033	10,655	66.0	66.5
50-54	4,052	3,463	2,734	2,199	67.5	63.5
55-59	3,518	3,350	2,350	2,324	66.8	69.4
60-64	4,239	3,862	2,767	2,701	65.3	69.9
65 or Older	4,896	5,349	3,181	3,431	65.0	64.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.6B – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	14.6^a	13.7	8.7	8.3	59.9	60.7
12-20¹	3.1	3.3	1.1	1.3	36.3	38.8
21 or Older¹	16.4^a	15.3	9.9	9.4	60.6	61.4
12-17	1.2	1.3	0.4	0.5	29.5	41.3
12-13	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	*	*
14-15	0.9	1.3	0.3	0.5	*	*
16-17	2.4	2.3	0.8	0.8	*	*
18 or Older	15.9^a	14.9	9.6	9.1	60.1	60.8
18-25	10.7	10.6	4.2	4.2	39.1	39.1
18-20	6.9	7.4	2.7	2.8	38.7	37.8
21-25	13.0	12.4	5.1	4.9	39.3	39.6
26 or Older	16.7^a	15.5	10.4	9.8	62.2	63.1
26-49	19.8^b	18.1	11.7	10.9	59.1	60.2
26-29	16.9^b	13.7	7.7	6.9	45.2	50.7
30-34	19.2	17.0	10.2	9.5	53.3	56.0
35-39	20.0	19.8	11.6	12.2	58.2	61.7
40-44	22.1^a	19.4	14.6^a	12.2	66.3	63.1
45-49	20.4	19.9	13.9	13.0	68.2	65.4
50 or Older	14.0	13.4	9.3	8.9	66.0	66.5
50-54	20.5	18.5	13.8	11.8	67.5	63.5
55-59	17.6	16.3	11.8	11.3	66.8	69.4
60-64	18.7	16.9	12.2	11.8	65.3	69.9
65 or Older	8.7	9.2	5.6	5.9	65.0	64.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.7A – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
TOTAL	24,583	23,471	94	142	24,488	23,329	1,460	1,415	23,029	21,914	439	484	24,143	22,987
SEX
Male	13,470	12,600	50	54	13,420	12,546	849	894	12,572	11,652	228	265	13,243	12,336
Female	11,112	10,870	44	88	11,068	10,783	611	521	10,457	10,262	211	219	10,901	10,651
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	22,461	20,841	72	118	22,389	20,723	1,296	1,215	21,093	19,508	370	412	22,091	20,429
AIAN	191	202	*	2	187	199	17	12	170	188	13	5	178	197
Asian	441	527	*	1	441	526	30	37	411	489	12	3	429	524
Black or African American	3,044	3,044	8	15	3,037	3,029	154	143	2,883	2,886	19^a	57	3,026	2,987
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	17,614	16,204	61	63	17,554	16,141	1,033	946	16,521	15,195	301	290	17,314	15,914
Two or More Races	870	715	*	33	870	682	60	68	811	613	26	50	845	665
Hispanic or Latino	2,122	2,630	22	24	2,099	2,606	164	200	1,935	2,406	69	72	2,052	2,558
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.7B – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
TOTAL	8.7	8.3	0.4	0.5	9.6	9.1	4.2	4.2	10.4	9.8	1.1	1.3	9.9	9.4
SEX
Male	9.7	9.1	0.4	0.4	10.7	10.0	4.9	5.2	11.7	10.8	1.1	1.4	11.2	10.4
Female	7.7	7.5	0.4	0.7	8.4	8.2	3.5	3.1	9.2	8.9	1.1	1.2	8.7	8.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.7	9.0	0.4	0.6	10.6	9.8	4.9	4.7	11.4^a	10.5	1.3	1.5	10.9^a	10.1
AIAN	13.1	15.1	*	1.0	15.1	18.1	8.1	8.2	16.5	19.5	4.0	1.8	15.6	18.8
Asian	2.6	3.0	*	0.1	2.9	3.3	1.3	1.7	3.1	3.5	0.5	0.1	2.9	3.5
Black or African American	8.8	8.8	0.2	0.4	9.8	9.7	3.3	3.1	11.0	10.9	0.4^a	1.1	10.4	10.1
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	10.3	9.5	0.5	0.5	11.1	10.2	5.7	5.4	11.8	10.9	1.6	1.5	11.4	10.5
Two or More Races	14.8	11.5	*	3.5	17.2	13.0	5.9	6.3	20.0	14.7	2.0	3.7	18.4	13.7
Hispanic or Latino	4.2	5.0	0.3	0.4	4.7	5.7	2.0	2.4	5.4	6.5	0.7	0.7	5.0	6.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.8A – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
TOTAL	24,583	23,471	94	142	24,488	23,329	1,460	1,415	23,029	21,914	439	484	24,143	22,987
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	4,046	3,425	17	18	4,029	3,407	208	298	3,821^a	3,108	82	82	3,964	3,343
Midwest	6,278	5,543	29	33	6,249	5,510	414^b	273	5,835	5,237	129	100	6,148	5,443
South	10,058	10,305	28	43	10,030	10,262	527	586	9,503	9,676	117	174	9,941	10,130
West	4,201	4,198	21	48	4,180	4,150	311	257	3,869	3,893	111	128	4,090	4,071
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	10,142	10,619	46	55	10,096	10,563	581	617	9,515	9,946	159	181	9,982	10,438
Small Metro	9,050^a	7,969	24	53	9,026^a	7,916	549	447	8,477	7,469	172	176	8,878^a	7,793
Nonmetro	5,391	4,883	24	33	5,367	4,850	329	351	5,037	4,499	108	127	5,283	4,756
Urbanized	2,199	2,052	19	15	2,179	2,037	136	119	2,044	1,919	44	51	2,155	2,001
Less Urbanized	2,640	2,438	5	17	2,635	2,422	180	197	2,455	2,225	60	69	2,580	2,369
Completely Rural	552	392	*	2	552	390	13	35	539	355	*	7	547	385
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	6,513	7,038	30	36	6,483	7,002	481	541	6,003	6,461	142	159	6,371	6,878
100-199%	6,845	6,114	23	25	6,822	6,089	378	291	6,444	5,798	104	91	6,742	6,023
200% or More	11,224	10,318	41	81	11,183	10,237	601	582	10,582	9,655	193	233	11,030	10,085
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	9,064	8,732	40	69	9,025	8,663	563	529	8,462	8,135	163	200	8,901	8,532
Medicaid/CHIP	9,127	8,956	52	77	9,076	8,879	574	610	8,501	8,268	215	219	8,912	8,736
Other⁴	6,991	6,238	1	1	6,990	6,237	131	122	6,859	6,115	30	32	6,961	6,206
No Coverage	3,615	3,763	7	3	3,607	3,760	269	269	3,338	3,490	52	52	3,563	3,710
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.8B – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2022)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2022)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
TOTAL	8.7	8.3	0.4	0.5	9.6	9.1	4.2	4.2	10.4	9.8	1.1	1.3	9.9	9.4
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	8.3	7.0	0.4	0.4	9.0	7.6	3.5	5.2	9.8^a	7.9	1.3	1.4	9.3	7.8
Midwest	10.8	9.5	0.5	0.6	11.8	10.4	5.7^a	3.8	12.8	11.5	1.6	1.2	12.3	10.9
South	9.3	9.4	0.3	0.4	10.2	10.4	4.0	4.5	11.2	11.3	0.8	1.2	10.7	10.7
West	6.3	6.3	0.3	0.8	6.9	6.8	3.8	3.2	7.4	7.4	1.2	1.4	7.1	7.0
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6.5	6.8	0.3	0.4	7.2	7.4	3.0	3.4	7.8	8.0	0.7	0.9	7.4	7.7
Small Metro	10.1^a	9.0	0.3	0.6	11.1^a	9.8	4.7	3.9	12.2^a	10.8	1.4	1.4	11.5^a	10.2
Nonmetro	14.7	13.0	0.8	1.0	15.9	14.2	8.3	8.2	16.9	15.0	2.4	2.6	16.4	14.6
Urbanized	14.2	13.5	1.6	1.2	15.3	14.6	7.7	6.3	16.4	15.9	2.3	2.6	15.9	15.1
Less Urbanized	14.3	12.6	0.3	0.9	15.5	13.9	9.1	9.4	16.3	14.4	2.7	2.6	15.9	14.2
Completely Rural	19.4	12.6	*	0.6	21.4	13.9	5.4	11.9	23.2	14.2	*	1.8	22.1	14.1
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	15.7	15.6	0.6	0.6	17.9	17.7	6.0	6.4	21.3	20.8	1.7	1.8	19.3	19.0
100-199%	12.3	11.3	0.4	0.5	13.7	12.4	4.5	3.7	15.6	14.1	1.2	1.1	14.4	13.0
200% or More	6.1	5.6	0.3	0.5	6.6	6.1	3.3	3.3	7.0	6.4	0.9	1.1	6.7	6.2
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	5.3	5.1	0.3	0.5	5.8	5.5	2.8	2.8	6.2	5.9	0.8	1.0	6.0	5.7
Medicaid/CHIP	15.5	14.7	0.5	0.7	18.9	17.8	6.2	6.4	21.9	20.5	1.4	1.5	20.3	19.1
Other⁴	8.9	7.9	0.1	0.1	9.1	8.1	4.7	4.3	9.3	8.2	1.2	1.3	9.2	8.2
No Coverage	14.9	15.8	0.7	0.3	15.5	16.7	5.8	6.0	17.9	19.3	2.0	2.0	16.4	17.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.9A – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	3,250	3,764	111^b	269	3,140	3,494	350	299	2,790	3,196
Prescription from One Doctor	3,041	3,544	97^b	236	2,944	3,309	317	280	2,628	3,028
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	174	176	5	*	169	152	19	14	150	138
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	35	43	8	9	26	34	14	5	13	29
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	3,510	3,131	127	157	3,383	2,974	557^b	371	2,826	2,603
From Friend or Relative for Free	2,544	2,308	86	73	2,458	2,235	353^a	245	2,105	1,990
Bought from Friend or Relative	712	583	20	38	692	545	108	70	584	475
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	254	241	20	47	234	194	96	57	138	137
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	669	638	20	35	650	603	82	87	568	516
SOME OTHER WAY¹	442	467	29	19	413	448	42	27	371	421
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.9B – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	41.3^a	47.0	38.6^a	56.0	41.4	46.5	33.9	38.1	42.6	47.4
Prescription from One Doctor	38.6^a	44.3	33.9^a	49.0	38.8	44.0	30.7	35.7	40.1	45.0
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.2	2.2	1.8	*	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.7	2.3	2.1
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.4	0.5	3.0	1.9	0.3	0.5	1.3	0.6	0.2	0.4
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	44.6^a	39.1	44.3	32.7	44.6	39.6	54.1	47.4	43.1	38.6
From Friend or Relative for Free	32.3	28.8	30.2^a	15.2	32.4	29.7	34.2	31.2	32.1	29.5
Bought from Friend or Relative	9.0	7.3	7.1	7.8	9.1	7.3	10.5	8.9	8.9	7.1
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.2	3.0	7.0	9.7	3.1	2.6	9.3	7.3	2.1	2.0
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	8.5	8.0	6.9	7.4	8.6	8.0	7.9	11.1	8.7	7.7
SOME OTHER WAY¹	5.6	5.8	10.1^a	4.0	5.4	6.0	4.1	3.4	5.7	6.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.10A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2,074	1,818	*	*	2,031	1,757	274^a	170	1,757	1,587
Prescription from One Doctor	1,964	1,800	*	*	1,936	1,748	256	168	1,680	1,580
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	98^a	17	*	*	92^a	9	16	2	77^a	7
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	12	<1	*	*	3	*	*	*	<1	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	250	220	*	*	241	211	35	23	207	189
From Friend or Relative for Free	118	132	*	*	114	132	*	*	103	121
Bought from Friend or Relative	106	70	*	*	106	63	24	11	82	52
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	26	17	*	*	22	*	*	1	22	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	49	134	*	*	48	134	21	15	27^a	119
SOME OTHER WAY¹	83	37	*	*	76	36	*	*	63	21
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.10B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	84.5	82.3	*	*	84.7	82.2	79.8	76.4	85.6	82.8
Prescription from One Doctor	80.0	81.5	*	*	80.8	81.8	74.5	75.5	81.8	82.5
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	4.0^a	0.8	*	*	3.8^a	0.4	4.5	0.8	3.7^a	0.4
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.5	<0.1	*	*	0.1	*	*	*	<0.1	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	10.2	10.0	*	*	10.1	9.9	10.1	10.1	10.1	9.8
From Friend or Relative for Free	4.8	6.0	*	*	4.7	6.2	*	*	5.0	6.3
Bought from Friend or Relative	4.3	3.2	*	*	4.4	2.9	7.0	4.9	4.0	2.7
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	1.0	0.8	*	*	0.9	*	*	0.3	1.1	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	2.0^a	6.1	*	*	2.0^a	6.3	6.1	6.8	1.3^a	6.2
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.4	1.7	*	*	3.2	1.7	*	*	3.1	1.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.11A – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,002	758	*	*	915	677	229	143	686	534
Prescription from One Doctor	951	695	*	*	886^a	617	208^a	119	678	499
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	39	47	*	3	27	44	19	9	8	36
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	11	*	*	*	2	*	2	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2,802	2,710	*	*	2,699	2,592	906	801	1,793	1,791
From Friend or Relative for Free	2,018	1,979	*	*	1,942	1,890	607	559	1,336	1,331
Bought from Friend or Relative	671	557	*	*	654	547	247	208	407	339
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	114	173	11	*	103	155	53	34	50	121
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	198	229	7	*	191	222	50	55	142	168
SOME OTHER WAY¹	191	142	6	8	185	134	60	48	125	87
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.11B – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	23.9	19.7	*	*	22.9	18.7	18.4	13.6	25.0	20.7
Prescription from One Doctor	22.7	18.1	*	*	22.2	17.0	16.7	11.3	24.7	19.3
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.9	1.2	*	1.2	0.7	1.2	1.6	0.9	0.3	1.4
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.3	*	*	*	<0.1	*	0.2	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	66.8	70.6	*	*	67.6	71.5	72.8	76.6	65.3	69.4
From Friend or Relative for Free	48.1	51.6	*	*	48.7	52.1	48.7	53.4	48.7	51.6
Bought from Friend or Relative	16.0	14.5	*	*	16.4	15.1	19.8	19.9	14.8	13.1
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2.7	4.5	5.3	*	2.6	4.3	4.2	3.3	1.8	4.7
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	4.7	6.0	3.4	*	4.8	6.1	4.0	5.2	5.2	6.5
SOME OTHER WAY¹	4.6	3.7	3.0	3.6	4.6	3.7	4.9	4.6	4.5	3.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.12A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,626	1,574	*	*	1,576	1,512	485	480	1,091	1,032
Prescription from One Doctor	1,562	1,451	*	*	1,513	1,408	471	*	1,041	991
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	44	124	*	*	43	104	11	*	32	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	234	240	*	*	223	239	87	63	136	176
From Friend or Relative for Free	113	144	*	*	112	143	54	34	59	109
Bought from Friend or Relative	120	94	*	*	109	94	32	26	77	68
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	1	2	*	*	1	2	1	2	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	66	36	*	*	60	28	16	4	*	24
SOME OTHER WAY¹	18	*	*	*	13	*	1	1	12	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.12B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	83.6	83.7	*	*	84.2	83.6	82.4	87.7	85.0	81.8
Prescription from One Doctor	80.4	77.1	*	*	80.8	77.8	80.1	*	81.2	78.6
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.3	6.6	*	*	2.3	5.7	1.9	*	2.5	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	12.0	12.8	*	*	11.9	13.2	14.8	11.4	10.6	14.0
From Friend or Relative for Free	5.8	7.6	*	*	6.0	7.9	9.1	6.3	4.6	8.6
Bought from Friend or Relative	6.2	5.0	*	*	5.8	5.2	5.4	4.8	6.0	5.4
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	3.4	1.9	*	*	3.2	1.6	2.7	0.8	*	1.9
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.9	*	*	*	0.7	*	0.1	0.2	1.0	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.13A – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,232	994	*	*	1,213	983	109	87	1,103	896
Prescription from One Doctor	1,131	910	*	*	1,114	899	100	77	1,014	821
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	94	82	*	*	92	82	6	*	87	74
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	7	2	*	*	6	2	4	*	2	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2,064	2,391	*	*	2,011	2,307	493^a	354	1,518^a	1,953
From Friend or Relative for Free	1,615	1,851	*	*	1,576	1,817	372	262	1,204^a	1,555
Bought from Friend or Relative	306	436	*	*	304	405	86	72	218	333
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	143	104	*	*	131	85	36	20	96	65
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	556^a	329	*	*	527	322	110^a	50	416	272
SOME OTHER WAY¹	128	121	*	*	118	114	42	9	76	105
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.13B – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	31.0	25.9	*	*	31.3	26.4	14.5	17.4	35.4	27.8
Prescription from One Doctor	28.4	23.7	*	*	28.8	24.1	13.2	15.5	32.6	25.5
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.4	2.1	*	*	2.4	2.2	0.7	*	2.8	2.3
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.2	0.1	*	*	0.2	0.1	0.5	*	0.1	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	51.9^b	62.3	*	*	52.0^a	61.9	65.4	70.8	48.8^b	60.5
From Friend or Relative for Free	40.6^a	48.3	*	*	40.7^a	48.8	49.3	52.5	38.7^a	48.2
Bought from Friend or Relative	7.7	11.4	*	*	7.9	10.9	11.4	14.4	7.0	10.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.6	2.7	*	*	3.4	2.3	4.7	3.9	3.1	2.0
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	14.0^a	8.6	*	*	13.6	8.6	14.6	10.0	13.4	8.4
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.2	3.2	*	*	3.0	3.0	5.5	1.8	2.4	3.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.14A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,289	1,470	*	*	1,261	1,449	*	*	1,016	1,285
Prescription from One Doctor	1,250	1,454	*	*	1,222	1,434	*	*	979	1,272
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	9	*	*	*	8	*	2	*	6
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	147	168	*	*	142	162	*	*	83	119
From Friend or Relative for Free	55	79	*	*	55	79	*	*	23	55
Bought from Friend or Relative	79	84	*	*	75	80	*	16	53	64
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	14	5	*	*	12	3	6	*	6	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	67	128	*	*	66	126	*	*	15^a	91
SOME OTHER WAY¹	61^a	7	*	*	61^a	5	*	<1	61^a	5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.14B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	82.4	83.0	*	*	82.4	83.2	*	*	86.4	85.7
Prescription from One Doctor	79.9	82.0	*	*	79.9	82.3	*	*	83.3	84.8
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	0.5	*	*	*	0.5	*	0.8	*	0.4
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	9.4	9.5	*	*	9.3	9.3	*	*	7.0	7.9
From Friend or Relative for Free	3.5	4.5	*	*	3.6	4.5	*	*	2.0	3.7
Bought from Friend or Relative	5.0	4.7	*	*	4.9	4.6	*	6.8	4.5	4.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.9	0.3	*	*	0.8	0.1	1.7	*	0.5	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	4.3	7.2	*	*	4.3	7.3	*	*	1.3^a	6.1
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.9^a	0.4	*	*	4.0^a	0.3	*	<0.1	5.2^a	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.15A – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	10	*	*	*	8	*	*	*	8
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	1	2	*	*	<1	2	*	*	<1	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	25	*	*	*	25	*	*	*	14	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	26	40	*	*	25	39	*	*	21	35
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	48	*	*	*	48	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	2	4	*	*	2	4	*	*	2	3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.15B – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	1.0	*	*	*	0.9	*	*	*	0.9
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.1	0.2	*	*	0.1	0.2	*	*	<0.1	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	2.9	*	*	*	3.0	*	*	*	1.8	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.0	4.0	*	*	2.9	4.0	*	*	2.8	3.9
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	5.5	*	*	*	5.6	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.3	0.4	*	*	0.3	0.4	*	*	0.3	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.16A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.16B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.17A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2022)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2022)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2022)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2022)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)
Relieve Physical Pain	5,419	5,720	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	543	615	--	--	1,623	1,627	*	*
Help with Sleep	445	302	--	--	906	1,063	*	811
Help with Feelings or Emotion	348	247	--	--	605	638	*	21
Experiment or See What It’s Like	122	185	139	181	137	128	4	16
Feel Good or Get High	675	652	354	411	336	231	*	26
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	57	59	64	37	66	91	8	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	322	167	23	21	38	17	*	<1
Help Lose Weight	--	--	132	150	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	1,430	1,368	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	1,289	1,082	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	562	445	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	120	121	212	158	254	100	36	12
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.17B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2022)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2022)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2022)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2022)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)
Relieve Physical Pain	67.3	70.9	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	6.7	7.6	--	--	40.9	41.8	*	*
Help with Sleep	5.5	3.7	--	--	22.9	27.3	*	82.9
Help with Feelings or Emotion	4.3	3.1	--	--	15.3	16.4	*	2.1
Experiment or See What It’s Like	1.5	2.3	3.3	4.7	3.4	3.3	0.5	1.6
Feel Good or Get High	8.4	8.1	8.4	10.7	8.5	5.9	*	2.6
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.7	0.7	1.5	1.0	1.7	2.3	0.9	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	4.0	2.1	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.4	*	<0.1
Help Lose Weight	--	--	3.1	3.9	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	34.0	35.5	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	30.6	28.1	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	13.4	11.6	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	1.5	1.5	5.0	4.1	6.4^a	2.6	3.9	1.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.18A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2022)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2022)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2022)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2022)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)
Relieve Physical Pain	5,226	5,402	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	521	591	--	--	1,600	1,592	*	*
Help with Sleep	408	275	--	--	888	1,052	*	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	316	220	--	--	583	623	*	18
Experiment or See What It’s Like	111	157	123	169	130	113	4	14
Feel Good or Get High	628	596	325	358	308	195	*	14
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	57	58	64	36	66	88	8	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	320	167	23	21	28	16	<1	*
Help Lose Weight	--	--	121	143	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	1,347	1,318	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	1,270	1,069	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	530	403	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	113	102	188	132	252	99	25	4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.18B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2022)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2022)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2022)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2022)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)
Relieve Physical Pain	67.9	71.4	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	6.8	7.8	--	--	41.5	42.1	*	*
Help with Sleep	5.3	3.6	--	--	23.0	27.8	*	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	4.1	2.9	--	--	15.1	16.5	*	2.0
Experiment or See What It’s Like	1.4	2.1	3.1	4.6	3.4	3.0	0.4	1.6
Feel Good or Get High	8.2	7.9	8.1	9.8	8.0	5.2	*	1.6
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.7	0.8	1.6	1.0	1.7	2.3	1.0	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	4.2	2.2	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.4	<0.1	*
Help Lose Weight	--	--	3.0	3.9	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	33.8	36.1	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	31.8	29.3	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	13.3	11.0	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	1.5	1.3	4.7	3.6	6.5	2.6	2.8	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.19A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2022)	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2022)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2022)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2022)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Male (2022)	Male (2023)	Female (2022)	Female (2023)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	606	573	43	*	161	150	402	381	346	347	260	226
Drank with One Other Person	1,057	993	*	47	259	202	735	744	486	460	571	533
Drank with More than One Person	3,934	3,748	*	*	964	1,101	2,849	2,519	1,809	1,782	2,126	1,966
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	209	196	7	*	60	63	143	130	82	93	127	103
Home	2,621	2,365	*	*	613	551	1,896	1,714	1,258	1,209	1,363	1,156
Someone Else’s Home	2,359	2,183	*	*	621	699	1,640	1,419	1,039	962	1,319	1,221
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	338	293	*	*	120	135	208	142	201	171	137	121
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	554	480	7	<1	35	37	512	443	245	217	308	263
Concert or Sports Game	105	98	*	*	13	26	92	72	75	46	30	52
School	47	52	*	1	16	16	30	35	16	25	31	27
Some Other Place³	237	291	9	*	57^a	110	172	169	118	158	120	133
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	62^a	128	3	<1	19	48	40	80	26	60	35	68
Outside (Location not Specified)	33	17	3	2	18	4	12	12	18	13	16	4
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	36	28	*	*	2	6	34	22	11	18	25	10
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	28	29	*	*	7	16	21	13	22	28	6	1
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	13	3	*	*	*	<1	13	*	10	*	2	3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.19B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2022)	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2022)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2022)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2022)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Male (2022)	Male (2023)	Female (2022)	Female (2023)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	10.8	10.8	18.8	*	11.7	10.3	10.1	10.4	13.1	13.4	8.8	8.3
Drank with One Other Person	18.9	18.7	*	21.6	18.7	13.9	18.4	20.4	18.4	17.8	19.3	19.6
Drank with More than One Person	70.3	70.5	*	*	69.7	75.8	71.5	69.1	68.5	68.8	71.9	72.1
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	3.8	3.7	3.1	*	4.3	4.3	3.6	3.6	3.1	3.6	4.3	3.8
Home	47.1	44.8	*	*	44.7	38.1	47.7	47.2	47.9	47.0	46.3	42.6
Someone Else’s Home	42.3	41.3	*	*	45.3	48.3	41.3	39.1	39.6	37.5	44.8	45.0
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	6.1	5.5	*	*	8.7	9.3	5.2	3.9	7.7	6.7	4.7	4.5
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	9.9	9.1	3.0	0.2	2.6	2.6	12.9	12.2	9.3	8.5	10.5	9.7
Concert or Sports Game	1.9	1.9	*	*	0.9	1.8	2.3	2.0	2.9	1.8	1.0	1.9
School	0.8	1.0	*	0.4	1.2	1.1	0.8	1.0	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.0
Some Other Place³	4.3	5.6	4.1	*	4.2	7.6	4.4	4.7	4.5	6.2	4.1	5.0
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	1.1^a	2.4	1.5	0.2	1.4	3.3	1.0	2.2	1.0	2.4	1.2	2.5
Outside (Location not Specified)	0.6	0.3	1.5	0.9	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.2
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.7	0.5	*	*	0.1	0.4	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.9	0.4
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.5	0.6	*	*	0.5	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.9	1.1	0.2	<0.1
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.2	0.1	*	*	*	<0.1	0.3	*	0.4	*	0.1	0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.20A – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2022)	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2022)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2022)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2022)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Male (2022)	Male (2023)	Female (2022)	Female (2023)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	1,553	1,379	5	*	213	226	1,334	1,131	823	725	730	654
Purchased It Himself or Herself	716	586	3	*	56	80	657	501	399	294	317	293
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	641	506	*	*	42	60	598	446	346	259	295	248
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	448	345	*	*	31	49	416	295	235	186	212	159
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	176	155	*	*	10	11	166	144	103	68	73	87
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	15	4	*	*	1	*	14	4	6	2	9	2
From Another Person	76	75	3	*	14	19	59	55	53	35	22	40
From Person under Age 21	18	24	*	*	6	3	10	21	11	4	7	20
From Person Aged 21 or Older	57	51	*	*	8	17	48	34	41	31	16	20
Purchased by Someone Else	824	771	3	*	156	146	665	609	413	416	411	355
Parent or Guardian	55^a	135	1	*	18	14	36^a	121	28	78	27	57
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	82	63	*	*	9	14	73	48	23	35	59	28
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	516	434	2	*	92	54	422	371	256	217	260	216
Someone under Age 21	129	127	*	*	26	59	103	62	100	77	29	50
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	4,035	3,934	222	*	1,175	1,218	2,638	2,521	1,803	1,872	2,232	2,062
Got It from Parent or Guardian	691	673	*	*	201	212	441	411	327	277	365	396
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	660	718	*	*	145	237	489	465	253	309	407	410
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	1,123	998	12	18	178	137	933	842	473	463	650	534
Got It from Someone under Age 21	587	639	*	21	238	323	303	296	220	312	367	327
Took It from Own Home	449	381	*	*	217	153	198	176	227	222	221	159
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	81	112	4	*	32	32	46	63	55	70	26	42
Got It Some Other Way²	203	237	8	6	85	76	110	154	122	118	80	119
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	48^a	102	*	3	27	34	19^a	65	24	58	24	45
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.20B – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2022)	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2022)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2022)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2022)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Male (2022)	Male (2023)	Female (2022)	Female (2023)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	27.8	26.0	2.3	*	15.4	15.7	33.6	31.0	31.4	27.9	24.6	24.1
Purchased It Himself or Herself	12.8	11.1	1.2	*	4.1	5.5	16.6	13.8	15.3	11.4	10.7	10.8
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	11.5	9.6	*	*	3.1	4.2	15.1	12.3	13.2	10.0	9.9	9.2
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	8.0	6.5	*	*	2.3	3.4	10.5	8.1	9.0	7.2	7.2	5.9
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	3.2	2.9	*	*	0.7	0.8	4.2	4.0	3.9	2.6	2.5	3.2
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.3	0.1	*	*	0.1	*	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1
From Another Person	1.4	1.4	1.2	*	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.5	2.0	1.4	0.8	1.5
From Person under Age 21	0.3	0.5	*	*	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.7
From Person Aged 21 or Older	1.0	1.0	*	*	0.6	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.5	0.8
Purchased by Someone Else	14.8	14.6	1.2	*	11.2	10.1	16.8	16.8	15.8	16.1	13.9	13.1
Parent or Guardian	1.0^a	2.6	0.3	*	1.3	1.0	0.9^a	3.3	1.1	3.0	0.9	2.1
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	1.5	1.2	*	*	0.7	1.0	1.8	1.3	0.9	1.4	2.0	1.0
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	9.3	8.2	0.9	*	6.7	3.7	10.7	10.2	9.8	8.4	8.9	8.0
Someone under Age 21	2.3	2.4	*	*	1.9	4.1	2.6	1.7	3.8	3.0	1.0	1.9
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	72.2	74.0	97.7	*	84.6	84.3	66.4	69.0	68.6	72.1	75.4	75.9
Got It from Parent or Guardian	12.9	13.1	*	*	15.4	15.1	11.5	11.6	13.1	11.1	12.8	15.0
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	12.3	14.0	*	*	11.1	17.0	12.7	13.1	10.1	12.4	14.3	15.5
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	21.0	19.4	6.6	9.1	13.6	9.8	24.2	23.8	18.9	18.6	22.8	20.2
Got It from Someone under Age 21	11.0	12.4	*	10.2	18.2	23.1	7.9	8.4	8.8	12.5	12.9	12.4
Took It from Own Home	8.4	7.4	*	*	16.6^a	10.9	5.1	5.0	9.1	8.9	7.8	6.0
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	1.5	2.2	2.3	*	2.4	2.3	1.2	1.8	2.2	2.8	0.9	1.6
Got It Some Other Way²	3.8	4.6	4.3	3.2	6.5	5.5	2.9	4.4	4.9	4.7	2.8	4.5
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	0.9^a	2.0	*	1.3	2.0	2.5	0.5^a	1.8	1.0	2.3	0.9	1.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.21A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBTANCES	158,124	159,394	6,840	6,517	151,284	152,877	20,821^b	19,947	130,463	132,930
Illicit Drugs	143,116	145,076	5,377	5,332	137,739	139,745	19,121^a	18,285	118,618	121,460
Illegally Made Fentanyl	1,607	1,432	33	43	1,575	1,389	135	181	1,440	1,208
Other Substances
GHB	1,678	1,783	7	11	1,671	1,772	78	64	1,593	1,708
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	11,315	10,360	445	387	10,871	9,973	1,463	1,256	9,408	8,716
Kratom	4,902	5,142	45	78	4,857	5,064	913	735	3,945	4,329
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	7,216	6,768	159	191	7,057	6,577	783	681	6,273	5,896
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	855	805	52	29	803	775	73	54	730	721
CBD	91,641	91,805	3,651	3,478	87,991	88,327	14,302^a	13,513	73,688	74,814
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.21B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBTANCES	56.1	56.2	26.6	25.1	59.0	59.4	59.9	58.6	58.9	59.5
Illicit Drugs	50.7	51.2	20.9	20.6	53.7	54.3	55.0	53.7	53.6	54.3
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.5
Other Substances
GHB	0.6	0.6	<0.1	<0.1	0.7	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.7	0.8
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	4.0	3.7	1.7	1.5	4.2	3.9	4.2	3.7	4.2	3.9
Kratom	1.7	1.8	0.2	0.3	1.9	2.0	2.6	2.2	1.8	1.9
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	2.6	2.4	0.6	0.7	2.8	2.6	2.3	2.0	2.8	2.6
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
CBD	32.5	32.4	14.2	13.4	34.3	34.3	41.1	39.7	33.3	33.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.22A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBTANCES	90,934	89,297	4,821	4,746	86,114	84,551	15,970^b	14,862	70,143	69,689
Illicit Drugs	70,338	70,537	3,688	3,816	66,650	66,721	14,221^b	13,256	52,429	53,465
Illegally Made Fentanyl	686	627	20	36	666	591	48	78	617	513
Other Substances
GHB	211	259	4	11	207	249	3^a	15	204	234
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	2,209	2,442	162	203	2,047	2,240	296	269	1,750	1,970
Kratom	1,852	1,630	26	43	1,826	1,587	371^b	212	1,455	1,374
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	786	749	105	129	681	620	220	226	462	393
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	216	155	37	17	179	138	50	16	129	122
CBD	55,722^b	51,663	2,702	2,575	53,020^b	49,088	9,481^b	8,605	43,539^b	40,483
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.22B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBTANCES	32.2	31.5	18.7	18.3	33.6	32.8	45.9^a	43.7	31.7	31.2
Illicit Drugs	24.9	24.9	14.3	14.7	26.0	25.9	40.9^a	39.0	23.7	23.9
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other Substances
GHB	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1^a	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
Kratom	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.7	0.6	1.1^b	0.6	0.7	0.6
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.7	0.2	0.2
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
CBD	19.8^b	18.2	10.5	9.9	20.7^b	19.1	27.3^a	25.3	19.7^b	18.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.23A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBTANCES	59,290	57,829	2,570	2,383	56,720	55,446	10,692^b	9,843	46,028	45,604
Illicit Drugs	46,603	47,657	1,884	1,864	44,719	45,794	9,478^a	8,901	35,241	36,892
Illegally Made Fentanyl	330	311	11	9	319	302	28	24	291	278
Other Substances
GHB	108	150	*	5	107	145	*	9	107	136
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	877	743	69	59	808	685	92	67	716	618
Kratom	1,027	834	10	22	1,016	812	133	80	884	732
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	331	370	52	77	279	293	83	107	196	186
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	167	86	24	15	144	71	28	14	116	57
CBD	29,695^a	27,733	1,376	1,251	28,319^a	26,482	5,011	4,649	23,308	21,833
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.23B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBTANCES	21.0	20.4	10.0	9.2	22.1	21.5	30.7^a	28.9	20.8	20.4
Illicit Drugs	16.5	16.8	7.3	7.2	17.4	17.8	27.2	26.2	15.9	16.5
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Substances
GHB	<0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.1
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Kratom	0.4	0.3	<0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
CBD	10.5^a	9.8	5.3	4.8	11.0^a	10.3	14.4	13.7	10.5^a	9.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.24A – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	48,510	47,590	2,281	2,295	46,230	45,295	11,427^a	10,489	34,803	34,806
Vaping	22,685	23,681	1,759	1,834	20,926	21,847	6,641	6,491	14,284	15,356
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	10,827	9,907	676^b	489	10,151	9,418	3,918^a	3,470	6,233	5,949
Eating or drinking	29,125	29,845	1,076	1,113	28,049	28,732	6,658	6,208	21,392	22,524
Other	9,841^a	8,605	369^a	232	9,472^a	8,373	1,509^a	1,236	7,962	7,137
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	5,768^a	4,813	237^a	141	5,531^a	4,672	850	746	4,681	3,926
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	4,252^a	3,400	64	30	4,188^a	3,370	616^a	432	3,572	2,938
Taking Pills	1,654	2,017	78	43	1,576	1,974	269	284	1,307	1,690
Some Other Way	579	433	47	30	532	403	151	108	381	295
PAST MONTH
Smoking	33,292	33,117	1,347	1,193	31,944	31,924	7,533	6,916	24,412	25,009
Vaping	14,646	15,796	894	959	13,752	14,836	4,319	4,305	9,433^a	10,532
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	6,889^a	6,025	392^b	259	6,497	5,765	2,450^a	2,029	4,046	3,737
Eating or drinking	15,292	16,381	437	494	14,855	15,887	3,235	3,209	11,620	12,678
Other	4,994	4,467	136	92	4,859	4,375	660	561	4,199	3,814
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	2,730	2,475	68	38	2,662	2,437	373	332	2,289	2,104
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	2,132	1,707	28	14	2,104	1,692	287	206	1,817	1,486
Taking Pills	835	986	48	31	786	955	99	131	688	825
Some Other Way	173	119	13	11	160	108	25	32	135	75
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2022 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in imputation processes. See Chapter 3 of the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.24B – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	78.4	77.0	77.4	79.3	78.4	76.9	85.9	84.4	76.2	74.9
Vaping	36.6	38.3	59.7	63.4	35.5	37.1	49.9	52.2	31.3	33.0
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	17.5^a	16.0	23.0^b	16.9	17.2	16.0	29.5	27.9	13.7	12.8
Eating or drinking	47.1	48.3	36.5	38.5	47.6	48.8	50.1	49.9	46.9	48.5
Other	15.9^b	13.9	12.5^a	8.0	16.1^a	14.2	11.4	9.9	17.4^a	15.4
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	9.3^a	7.8	8.0^a	4.9	9.4^a	7.9	6.4	6.0	10.3^a	8.4
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	6.9^a	5.5	2.2	1.0	7.1^a	5.7	4.6^a	3.5	7.8^a	6.3
Taking Pills	2.7	3.3	2.6	1.5	2.7	3.4	2.0	2.3	2.9	3.6
Some Other Way	0.9	0.7	1.6	1.0	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.6
PAST MONTH
Smoking	78.7^b	75.9	81.8^a	76.3	78.5^a	75.9	83.6	80.8	77.1	74.6
Vaping	34.6	36.2	54.3^a	61.3	33.8	35.3	47.9	50.3	29.8	31.4
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	16.3^b	13.8	23.8^b	16.6	16.0^b	13.7	27.2^a	23.7	12.8	11.1
Eating or drinking	36.1	37.5	26.5	31.6	36.5	37.8	35.9	37.5	36.7	37.8
Other	11.8	10.2	8.2	5.9	11.9	10.4	7.3	6.6	13.3	11.4
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	6.5	5.7	4.1	2.5	6.5	5.8	4.1	3.9	7.2	6.3
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	5.0^a	3.9	1.7	0.9	5.2^a	4.0	3.2	2.4	5.7	4.4
Taking Pills	2.0	2.3	2.9	2.0	1.9	2.3	1.1	1.5	2.2	2.5
Some Other Way	0.4	0.3	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2022 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in imputation processes. See Chapter 3 of the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.25A – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
TOTAL	14,646^a	15,796	894	959	13,752	14,836	4,319	4,305	9,433^a	10,532
SEX
Male	8,300	8,823	382	407	7,917	8,416	2,335	2,317	5,583	6,099
Female	6,346	6,972	511	552	5,835	6,420	1,984	1,988	3,851	4,432
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	11,966^a	13,040	633	685	11,333^a	12,355	3,322	3,432	8,011^a	8,923
AIAN	78	77	9	3	69	73	*	21	42	52
Asian	321	356	7	17	314	340	140	115	174	225
Black or African American	1,061	1,226	84	87	976	1,139	292^b	452	684	687
NHOPI	64	*	*	*	59	*	*	*	31	*
White	9,960	10,676	492	509	9,468	10,167	2,669	2,625	6,800	7,543
Two or More Races	481	623	35	65	446	558	166	211	280	347
Hispanic or Latino	2,680	2,756	260	274	2,419	2,482	997	873	1,423	1,609
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	958	947	422	434	535	512
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	3,652	4,144	1,386	1,573	2,265	2,571
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	5,218	5,558	1,849	1,764	3,369	3,794
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	3,925	4,188	661	534	3,264	3,654
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	da	da	7,572	8,343	1,986	2,017	5,587	6,326
Part-Time	da	da	da	da	2,478	2,333	1,249	1,098	1,229	1,235
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	705^a	964	284^b	445	421	519
Other¹	da	da	da	da	2,997	3,196	800	745	2,197	2,451
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2022 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in imputation processes. See Chapter 3 of the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.25B – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2022)	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2022)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2022)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2022)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2022)	Aged 26+ (2023)
TOTAL	5.2	5.6	3.5	3.7	5.4	5.8	12.4	12.6	4.3	4.7
SEX
Male	6.0	6.4	2.9	3.1	6.3	6.7	13.3	13.6	5.2	5.6
Female	4.4	4.8	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.9	11.5	11.7	3.4	3.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.2^a	5.6	3.3	3.6	5.3^a	5.8	12.5	13.3	4.3	4.8
AIAN	5.4	5.7	4.2	1.4	5.6	6.6	*	15.1	4.1	5.4
Asian	1.9	2.0	0.5	1.1	2.0	2.1	6.2	5.2	1.3	1.6
Black or African American	3.1	3.5	2.4	2.4	3.2	3.7	6.3^b	9.9	2.6	2.6
NHOPI	5.0	*	*	*	4.9	*	*	*	2.8	*
White	5.8	6.3	3.8	4.0	6.0	6.5	14.6	14.9	4.9	5.4
Two or More Races	8.2	10.1	4.2	7.0	8.8	10.6	16.5	19.3	6.9	8.3
Hispanic or Latino	5.3	5.3	3.9	4.0	5.5	5.5	12.1	10.6	4.0	4.3
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	3.9	3.9	11.8	12.2	2.6	2.5
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	5.3	6.0	11.9	13.6	3.9	4.4
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	6.7	7.2	13.3	13.4	5.3	5.9
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	4.6	4.8	11.6	9.3	4.1	4.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	da	da	6.4	6.9	14.1	14.6	5.4	5.9
Part-Time	da	da	da	da	7.5	7.4	14.2	13.1	5.1	5.3
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	6.4^a	8.4	8.8^b	13.3	5.4	6.4
Other¹	da	da	da	da	3.2	3.4	9.2	8.8	2.6	2.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2022 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in imputation processes. See Chapter 3 of the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.26A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
ILLICIT DRUGS²	13,496	13,650	204^b	93	12,927	13,338
Marijuana	12,571	12,728	168^a	85	12,064	12,443
Cocaine	421	412	<1	4	415	391
Crack	44	56	*	1	42	55
Heroin	127	94	1	2	120	85
Hallucinogens	668	866	10	3	651	854
LSD	133	92	<1	*	133	92
PCP	10	*	<1	*	9	*
Ecstasy	137	183	8	3	126	181
Inhalants	146	212	*	4	141	207
Methamphetamine	387	369	1	2	372	352
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,310	1,212	57^a	4	1,230	1,195
Pain Relievers	599	550	16	3	577	539
Stimulants	492	446	*	<1	472	438
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	462	443	24	1	425	439
Tranquilizers	399	415	24	1	361	412
Sedatives	99	59	*	*	99	59
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	698	620	16	4	668	607
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1,123	1,083	*	5	1,085	1,051
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3	2,380	2,498	68^a	12	2,271	2,449
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	15,062	15,180	180	179	14,568	14,729
Tobacco Products	9,557	9,149	118	96	9,196	8,886
Cigarettes	8,450	7,805	103	90	8,116	7,559
Daily Cigarettes	4,527	4,196	37	47	4,334	4,046
Smokeless Tobacco	363	413	10	3	353	402
Cigars	1,814	1,752	33^a	7	1,726	1,724
Pipe Tobacco	184	241	8	2	172	237
Nicotine Vaping	8,655^b	9,673	93	119	8,430^b	9,407
ALCOHOL	33,401	32,959	233	161	32,604	32,398
Binge Alcohol Use	17,555	17,227	113	91	17,088	16,895
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	3,683	3,883	35	1	3,525	3,829
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	736	671	16	4	707	657
Illegally Made Fentanyl	81	150	1	1	80	143
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.26B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
ILLICIT DRUGS²	20.8	20.6	9.6^a	4.9	21.0	21.0
Marijuana	19.4	19.2	7.9	4.4	19.6	19.6
Cocaine	0.7	0.6	<0.1	0.2	0.7	0.6
Crack	0.1	0.1	*	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.2	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.0	1.3	0.4	0.1	1.1	1.3
LSD	0.2	0.1	<0.1	*	0.2	0.1
PCP	<0.1	*	<0.1	*	<0.1	*
Ecstasy	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.3
Inhalants	0.2	0.3	*	0.2	0.2	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.0	1.8	2.7^a	0.2	2.0	1.9
Pain Relievers	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.1	0.9	0.9
Stimulants	0.8	0.7	*	<0.1	0.8	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.1	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.6	1.1	0.1	0.6	0.6
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	*	*	0.2	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.2	1.1	1.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.7	1.6	*	0.3	1.8	1.7
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3	3.7	3.8	3.2^a	0.6	3.7	3.9
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	23.3	22.9	8.4	9.4	23.6	23.2
Tobacco Products	14.8	13.8	5.5	5.0	14.9	14.0
Cigarettes	13.0^a	11.8	4.8	4.7	13.2^a	11.9
Daily Cigarettes	7.0	6.3	1.7	2.5	7.0	6.4
Smokeless Tobacco	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.6
Cigars	2.8	2.6	1.6	0.4	2.8	2.7
Pipe Tobacco	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.4
Nicotine Vaping	13.4^a	14.6	4.3	6.2	13.7^a	14.8
ALCOHOL	51.6^a	49.8	11.0	8.4	52.9^a	51.1
Binge Alcohol Use	27.1	26.0	5.3	4.8	27.7	26.6
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	5.7	5.9	1.7	0.1	5.7	6.0
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.2	1.1	1.0
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.2	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.27A – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	13,496	13,650	204^b	93	12,927	13,338	12,571	12,728	168^a	85	12,064	12,443	698	620	16	4	668	607
AGE GROUP
15-17	799	773	*	*	778	758	763	681	*	*	742	669	43	42	*	*	43	42
18-25	4,431	4,273	80^a	38	4,270	4,195	4,235	4,128	80^a	36	4,079	4,052	117	75	5	1	109	74
26-44	8,266	8,605	113	51	7,879	8,385	7,573	7,919	77	47	7,243	7,723	538	502	12	3	517	490
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	10,947	11,307	172^a	85	10,478	11,035	10,210	10,552	137	80	9,799	10,302	576	505	16	3	547	493
AIAN	89	*	*	*	85	*	87	*	*	*	83	*	*	7	*	*	*	7
Asian	343	378	*	*	337	359	306	330	*	*	304	312	13	16	*	*	8	16
Black or African American	1,921	2,122	*	*	1,777	2,070	1,784	1,997	33	*	1,658	1,956	136	100	*	*	128	98
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	8,024	8,094	111	65	7,733	7,906	7,477	7,536	93	63	7,223	7,359	390	368	8	3	373	357
Two or More Races	528	549	*	*	503	536	519	529	*	*	494	516	19	14	*	*	19	14
Hispanic or Latino	2,549	2,343	*	8	2,449	2,303	2,361	2,175	*	5	2,265	2,141	122	115	<1	1	122	114
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	2,817	3,047	76	49	2,654	2,954	2,599	2,826	57	46	2,462	2,746	218	165	*	*	198	159
100-199%	3,106	2,917	*	12	2,971	2,856	2,894	2,730	*	11	2,768	2,674	172	161	*	1	172	159
200% or More	7,572	7,685	69	33	7,301	7,527	7,077	7,171	52	28	6,833	7,023	307	294	4	3	298	289
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	7,337	7,383	60	35	7,053	7,268	6,967	6,930	48	31	6,707	6,824	219	195	*	2	214	190
Medicaid/CHIP	4,570	4,881	137^a	68	4,350	4,733	4,184	4,512	112	61	4,002	4,381	349	346	12	3	330	337
Other⁵	986	872	*	*	967	852	907	817	*	*	888	799	46	36	*	*	45	34
No Coverage	1,392	1,293	*	*	1,326	1,237	1,254	1,179	*	*	1,190	1,126	106	91	*	*	102	90
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.27B – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	20.8	20.6	9.6^a	4.9	21.0	21.0	19.4	19.2	7.9	4.4	19.6	19.6	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.2	1.1	1.0
AGE GROUP
15-17	12.9	11.3	*	*	12.7	11.2	12.3^a	9.9	*	*	12.1^a	9.9	0.7	0.6	*	*	0.7	0.6
18-25	25.6	25.2	15.4	8.2	25.8	25.7	24.5	24.3	15.3	7.9	24.7	24.8	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.3	0.7	0.5
26-44	20.0	20.3	7.2	3.6	20.2	20.8	18.3	18.7	4.9	3.3	18.6	19.1	1.3	1.2	0.7	0.2	1.3	1.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	21.7	22.0	9.6	5.5	21.9	22.4	20.2	20.5	7.7	5.1	20.5	20.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.2	1.1	1.0
AIAN	29.5	*	*	*	29.6	*	28.9	*	*	*	29.0	*	*	2.2	*	*	*	2.4
Asian	7.4	7.8	*	*	7.6	7.6	6.6	6.8	*	*	6.8	6.6	0.3	0.3	*	*	0.2	0.3
Black or African American	21.3	23.2	*	*	21.1	23.7	19.8	21.8	10.3	*	19.6	22.4	1.5	1.1	*	*	1.5	1.1
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	23.2	23.0	9.1	5.9	23.5	23.6	21.6	21.5	7.6	5.7	22.0	21.9	1.1	1.0	0.7	0.3	1.1	1.1
Two or More Races	31.1	30.8	*	*	31.1	31.0	30.5	29.7	*	*	30.5	29.8	1.1	0.8	*	*	1.2	0.8
Hispanic or Latino	17.9	16.0	*	2.2	17.8	16.3	16.6	14.8	*	1.4	16.5	15.1	0.9	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.9	0.8
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	21.8	21.2	16.7	12.2	21.7	21.4	20.1	19.7	12.5	11.4	20.1	19.9	1.7	1.1	*	*	1.6	1.2
100-199%	21.6	22.3	*	3.4	21.6	22.7	20.1	20.9	*	3.2	20.1	21.2	1.2	1.2	*	0.4	1.3	1.3
200% or More	20.2	19.8	5.4	2.8	20.5	20.3	18.9	18.5	4.1	2.4	19.2	19.0	0.8	0.8	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.8
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	19.3	18.9	5.0	3.1	19.5	19.4	18.4	17.7	4.0	2.8	18.5	18.2	0.6	0.5	*	0.2	0.6	0.5
Medicaid/CHIP	24.2	24.6	16.7	9.5	24.4	25.0	22.2	22.7	13.7	8.5	22.5	23.2	1.9	1.7	1.5	0.4	1.9	1.8
Other⁵	19.8	18.0	*	*	20.5	18.3	18.2	16.9	*	*	18.8	17.2	0.9	0.7	*	*	1.0	0.7
No Coverage	21.0	20.8	*	*	20.8	20.6	18.9	19.0	*	*	18.7	18.8	1.6	1.5	*	*	1.6	1.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.28A – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	9,557	9,149	118	96	9,196	8,886	8,450	7,805	103	90	8,116	7,559	4,527	4,196	37	47	4,334	4,046
AGE GROUP
15-17	193	208	*	*	192	202	137	165	*	*	137	158	3	2	*	*	3	2
18-25	1,980	2,003	46	30	1,880	1,956	1,543	1,502	37	25	1,457	1,461	475	360	30	11	422	344
26-44	7,384	6,938	72	66	7,125	6,729	6,770	6,139	66	65	6,522	5,941	4,049	3,834	7^a	36	3,910	3,700
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8,151	7,822	115	89	7,813	7,583	7,240	6,714	101	85	6,927	6,490	4,063	3,840	35	47	3,884	3,693
AIAN	93	*	*	*	89	*	86	*	*	*	82	*	27	*	*	*	27	*
Asian	183	247	*	*	182	235	171	230	*	*	170	218	43	111	*	*	43	105
Black or African American	1,700	1,483	*	*	1,590	1,438	1,334^a	973	*	*	1,238^a	935	632	472	*	*	572	450
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	5,705	5,542	80	71	5,502	5,367	5,226	5,030	72	70	5,033	4,860	3,089	3,009	30	44	2,982	2,893
Two or More Races	407	414	*	*	387	411	360	355	*	*	341	354	232	187	*	*	221	187
Hispanic or Latino	1,406	1,327	2	7	1,383	1,304	1,211	1,091	2	*	1,189	1,069	464	356	2	*	451	353
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	3,024	3,122	85	61	2,858	3,017	2,727	2,798	77	59	2,573	2,703	1,512	1,541	24	35	1,435	1,475
100-199%	2,426	2,257	15	16	2,344	2,194	2,177	1,879	11	15	2,104	1,818	1,252	1,142	7	4	1,217	1,104
200% or More	4,107	3,771	17	18	3,993	3,675	3,546	3,128	15	16	3,439	3,039	1,764	1,514	6	9	1,682	1,466
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	4,018	3,808	9	13	3,899	3,748	3,472	3,167	7	12	3,365	3,111	1,550	1,433	5	7	1,480	1,409
Medicaid/CHIP	4,130	4,142	102	69	3,943	3,986	3,727	3,632	90	66	3,554	3,482	2,211	2,294	27	26	2,131	2,206
Other⁴	711	716	*	*	706	696	621	632	*	*	616	613	382	342	*	*	380	326
No Coverage	1,315	1,158	*	*	1,261	1,125	1,173	948	*	*	1,119	919	680	536	*	*	638	510
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.28B – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	14.8	13.8	5.5	5.0	14.9	14.0	13.0^a	11.8	4.8	4.7	13.2^a	11.9	7.0	6.3	1.7	2.5	7.0	6.4
AGE GROUP
15-17	3.1	3.0	*	*	3.1	3.0	2.2	2.4	*	*	2.2	2.3	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
18-25	11.4	11.8	8.8	6.4	11.4	12.0	8.9	8.9	7.1	5.4	8.8	9.0	2.7	2.1	5.7	2.5	2.6	2.1
26-44	17.9^a	16.4	4.6	4.6	18.3^a	16.7	16.4^b	14.5	4.2	4.6	16.7^b	14.7	9.8	9.1	0.4^a	2.5	10.0	9.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	16.1	15.2	6.5	5.7	16.3	15.4	14.3^a	13.0	5.7	5.5	14.5^a	13.2	8.0	7.5	2.0	3.0	8.1	7.5
AIAN	30.9	*	*	*	31.0	*	28.7	*	*	*	28.7	*	9.0	*	*	*	9.4	*
Asian	3.9	5.1	*	*	4.1	5.0	3.7	4.7	*	*	3.8	4.6	0.9	2.3	*	*	1.0	2.2
Black or African American	18.9	16.2	*	*	18.8	16.5	14.8^b	10.6	*	*	14.7^b	10.7	7.0	5.1	*	*	6.8	5.2
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	16.5	15.8	6.6	6.4	16.7	16.0	15.1	14.3	5.9	6.4	15.3	14.5	8.9	8.6	2.4	4.0	9.1	8.6
Two or More Races	24.0	23.2	*	*	23.9	23.8	21.2	19.9	*	*	21.1	20.5	13.6	10.5	*	*	13.7	10.8
Hispanic or Latino	9.9	9.0	0.6	1.9	10.1	9.2	8.5	7.4	0.5	*	8.6	7.5	3.3	2.4	0.5	*	3.3	2.5
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	23.4	21.7	18.6	15.4	23.4	21.8	21.1	19.5	16.9	14.7	21.0	19.6	11.7	10.7	5.2	8.7	11.7	10.7
100-199%	16.9	17.3	4.0	4.7	17.0	17.4	15.1	14.4	2.8	4.5	15.3	14.4	8.7	8.7	1.8	1.1	8.8	8.8
200% or More	11.0^a	9.7	1.4	1.6	11.2^a	9.9	9.5^a	8.1	1.2	1.4	9.6^a	8.2	4.7	3.9	0.5	0.8	4.7	4.0
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	10.6	9.7	0.8	1.1	10.8	10.0	9.2	8.1	0.6	1.1	9.3	8.3	4.1	3.7	0.4	0.6	4.1	3.8
Medicaid/CHIP	21.9	20.8	12.5	9.7	22.2	21.1	19.8	18.3	10.9	9.2	20.0	18.4	11.7	11.5	3.2	3.7	12.0	11.7
Other⁴	14.2	14.8	*	*	15.0	15.0	12.4	13.0	*	*	13.1	13.2	7.7	7.1	*	*	8.1	7.0
No Coverage	19.9	18.6	*	*	19.8	18.7	17.7	15.2	*	*	17.6	15.3	10.3	8.6	*	*	10.0	8.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.29A – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	33,401	32,959	233	161	32,604	32,398	17,555	17,227	113	91	17,088	16,895	3,683	3,883	35	1	3,525	3,829
AGE GROUP
15-17	880	858	*	*	874	843	432	501	*	*	426	492	29	63	*	*	29	61
18-25	8,960	8,620	41^a	16	8,760	8,502	5,278	4,981	28	13	5,144	4,909	1,132	1,218	5	<1	1,096	1,203
26-44	23,561	23,481	193	137	22,970	23,053	11,845	11,745	85	75	11,518	11,493	2,521	2,602	30	1	2,399	2,565
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	26,774	26,459	205	126	26,079	26,028	13,706	13,580	107	59	13,280	13,340	3,055	3,253	33	1	2,901	3,205
AIAN	142	*	*	*	142	*	113	*	*	*	113	*	37	*	*	*	37	*
Asian	1,642	1,584	*	*	1,624	1,582	581	621	*	*	572	619	62	112	*	*	60	112
Black or African American	4,267	4,333	*	*	4,058	4,258	2,335	2,237	*	*	2,219	2,186	444	508	*	*	437	506
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	19,781	19,411	128	92	19,346	19,071	10,179	10,048	57	31	9,900	9,872	2,390	2,418	*	1	2,250	2,372
Two or More Races	882	924	*	*	850	912	452	514	*	*	430	504	111	157	*	*	108	156
Hispanic or Latino	6,627	6,500	*	*	6,524	6,370	3,850	3,647	5	*	3,807	3,554	628	630	*	*	624	624
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	4,912	5,285	*	20	4,733	5,193	3,091	3,257	33	18	2,984	3,196	655	772	<1	<1	647	763
100-199%	6,240	5,616	34	*	6,083	5,542	3,576	3,172	23	*	3,492	3,129	759	687	3	*	742	684
200% or More	22,244	22,055	128	100	21,784	21,660	10,885	10,795	57	44	10,608	10,567	2,267	2,424	32	1	2,134	2,382
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	22,250	21,981	148	83	21,748	21,674	11,126	10,894	62	30	10,838	10,741	2,215	2,421	*	1	2,073	2,384
Medicaid/CHIP	7,220	7,499	74	*	7,021	7,341	4,100	4,433	44	*	3,979	4,328	962	967	1	*	954	961
Other⁵	2,388	2,353	*	*	2,336	2,322	1,313	1,183	*	*	1,283	1,169	334	260	*	*	327	256
No Coverage	3,061	2,765	*	*	2,972	2,677	1,862	1,605	*	*	1,801	1,529	385	408	*	*	380	398
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.29B – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	51.6^a	49.8	11.0	8.4	52.9^a	51.1	27.1	26.0	5.3	4.8	27.7	26.6	5.7	5.9	1.7	0.1	5.7	6.0
AGE GROUP
15-17	14.2	12.5	*	*	14.3	12.4	7.0	7.3	*	*	7.0	7.3	0.5	0.9	*	*	0.5	0.9
18-25	51.8	50.8	7.8	3.4	53.0	52.1	30.5	29.4	5.3	2.9	31.1	30.1	6.5	7.2	1.0	0.1	6.6	7.4
26-44	57.1	55.4	12.3	9.7	58.9	57.1	28.7	27.7	5.4	5.3	29.5	28.5	6.1	6.1	1.9	<0.1	6.1	6.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	53.0	51.4	11.5	8.1	54.4	52.8	27.1	26.4	6.0	3.8	27.7	27.1	6.0	6.3	1.8	0.1	6.1	6.5
AIAN	47.2	*	*	*	49.4	*	37.6	*	*	*	39.4	*	12.4	*	*	*	13.0	*
Asian	35.3	32.6	*	*	36.5	33.5	12.5	12.8	*	*	12.9	13.1	1.3	2.3	*	*	1.3	2.4
Black or African American	47.4	47.3	*	*	48.1	48.8	25.9	24.4	*	*	26.3	25.0	4.9	5.5	*	*	5.2	5.8
NHOPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	57.3	55.3	10.5	8.4	58.8	56.8	29.5	28.6	4.7	2.8	30.1	29.4	6.9	6.9	*	<0.1	6.8	7.1
Two or More Races	51.9	51.8	*	*	52.5	52.7	26.6	28.8	*	*	26.5	29.2	6.5	8.8	*	*	6.7	9.0
Hispanic or Latino	46.5	44.3	*	*	47.4	45.0	27.0	24.8	1.5	*	27.7	25.1	4.4	4.3	*	*	4.5	4.4
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	38.1	36.8	*	5.0	38.7	37.6	24.0	22.7	7.2	4.6	24.4	23.1	5.1	5.4	0.1	0.1	5.3	5.5
100-199%	43.3	43.0	8.8	*	44.2	44.0	24.8	24.3	5.9	*	25.4	24.8	5.3	5.3	0.8	*	5.4	5.4
200% or More	59.4^a	56.9	9.9	8.6	61.1^a	58.5	29.1	27.9	4.4	3.7	29.7	28.5	6.1	6.3	2.5	<0.1	6.0	6.4
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	58.7^a	56.3	12.4	7.4	60.1^a	57.8	29.3	27.9	5.2	2.7	30.0	28.6	5.8	6.2	*	<0.1	5.7	6.4
Medicaid/CHIP	38.3	37.7	9.0	*	39.5	38.8	21.7	22.3	5.4	*	22.4	22.9	5.1	4.9	0.1	*	5.4	5.1
Other⁵	47.8	48.6	*	*	49.5	50.0	26.3	24.4	*	*	27.2	25.2	6.7	5.4	*	*	6.9	5.5
No Coverage	46.3	44.4	*	*	46.7	44.6	28.1	25.8	*	*	28.3	25.5	5.8	6.6	*	*	6.0	6.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.30A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
ILLICIT DRUGS²	761	797	854	907	2,290^a	1,961	1,787	1,560
Marijuana	711	781	823	875	2,175	1,888	1,708	1,497
Cocaine	46	13	22	5	75	49	40	43
Crack	*	*	*	*	3	*	*	2
Heroin	*	*	*	*	*	*	1	3
Hallucinogens	57	55	34	53	135	122	71	102
LSD	15	5	7	3	21	23	15	16
PCP	*	*	*	*	1	*	1	*
Ecstasy	6	8	4	4	36	11	22	17
Inhalants	30	17	15	38	58	48	33	65
Methamphetamine	*	*	3	*	7	17	7	10
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	41	49	45	66	160	105	154^a	85
Pain Relievers	13	4	12	1	50	42	58	43
Stimulants	22	38	23	58	98^a	34	72	31
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	6	8	18	7	49	38	57	26
Tranquilizers	5	5	9	6	48	30	48	26
Sedatives	<1	3	9	2	2	8	8	1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	13	4	12	1	50	42	59	44
Central Nervous System Stimulants	61	50	36	62	168	96	118	79
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3	140	114	90	140	350	302	262	235
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	815	821	905	855	2,636	2,347	1,899	1,906
Tobacco Products	379	446	316	323	1,478	1,345	761	735
Cigarettes	230	232	239	267	905	888	566	545
Daily Cigarettes	10	24	13	6	196	232	161	132
Smokeless Tobacco	91	114	14	32	317	287	70	53
Cigars	176	143	75	60	473	578	272	182
Pipe Tobacco	28	62	10	5	130	112	33	46
Nicotine Vaping	692	679	836	753	2,164	1,930	1,660	1,723
ALCOHOL	1,546	1,496	2,134	1,880	3,132	2,812	2,693	2,674
Binge Alcohol Use	906	871	1,206	1,085	1,862	1,622	1,636	1,655
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	314	197	255	260	569^a	410	379	437
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	13	5	12	1	67	45	59	46
Illegally Made Fentanyl	*	<1	1	*	17	3	3	2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.30B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
ILLICIT DRUGS²	22.5	24.1	20.8	23.4	29.4	27.5	28.5^a	25.0
Marijuana	21.0	23.7	20.0	22.6	27.9	26.5	27.2	23.9
Cocaine	1.3	0.4	0.5	0.1	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.7
Crack	*	*	*	*	<0.1	*	*	<0.1
Heroin	*	*	*	*	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	1.7	1.7	0.8	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.1	1.6
LSD	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
PCP	*	*	*	*	<0.1	*	<0.1	*
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.3
Inhalants	0.9	0.5	0.4	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.5	1.0
Methamphetamine	*	*	0.1	*	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.7	2.1	1.5	2.5^a	1.4
Pain Relievers	0.4	0.1	0.3	<0.1	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7
Stimulants	0.7	1.1	0.6	1.5	1.3	0.5	1.2	0.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.9	0.4
Tranquilizers	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.4
Sedatives	<0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	0.4	0.1	0.3	<0.1	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.8	1.5	0.9	1.6	2.2	1.4	1.9	1.3
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3	4.1	3.5	2.2	3.6	4.5	4.2	4.2	3.8
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	24.1	24.9	22.0	22.0	33.9	33.0	30.3	30.5
Tobacco Products	11.2	13.5	7.7	8.3	19.0	18.9	12.1	11.8
Cigarettes	6.8	7.0	5.8	6.9	11.6	12.5	9.0	8.7
Daily Cigarettes	0.3	0.7	0.3	0.2	2.5	3.3	2.6	2.1
Smokeless Tobacco	2.7	3.4	0.3	0.8	4.1	4.0	1.1	0.9
Cigars	5.2	4.3	1.8	1.5	6.1^a	8.1	4.3	2.9
Pipe Tobacco	0.8	1.9	0.2	0.1	1.7	1.6	0.5	0.7
Nicotine Vaping	20.4	20.5	20.3	19.4	27.8	27.1	26.5	27.6
ALCOHOL	45.7	45.3	51.8	48.5	40.2	39.5	42.9	42.8
Binge Alcohol Use	26.8	26.4	29.3	28.0	23.9	22.8	26.1	26.5
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	9.3	6.0	6.2	6.7	7.3	5.8	6.0	7.0
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.4	0.1	0.3	<0.1	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.7
Illegally Made Fentanyl	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.2	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.31A – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	1,059	1,097	2,902	2,587
AGE
18	192	138	494	438
19	166	234	572	448
20	201	266	588	532
21	265	267	588	512
22	235	192	660	658
SEX
Male	494	563	1,594	1,536
Female	564	534	1,308^a	1,052
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	833	880	2,171	1,989
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	51	57	55	51
Black or African American	102	149	398	393
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	621	629	1,569	1,397
Two or More Races	*	38	102	121
Hispanic or Latino	226	217	731	599
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	220	182	1,263	1,108
Part-Time	435	570	784^a	610
Unemployed	49	103	357	400
Other²	354	242	499	470
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.31B – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	14.1	15.3	20.6	19.4
AGE
18	14.4	10.6	16.8	15.3
19	10.0	15.7	23.7	19.5
20	11.6	15.2	21.7	23.0
21	16.8	18.3	21.8	19.6
22	19.4	16.3	20.0	20.0
SEX
Male	14.6	17.0	20.5	21.6
Female	13.7	13.8	20.9^b	16.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	13.9	15.8	20.9	20.3
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	7.0	8.2	7.5	6.6
Black or African American	11.0	18.8	20.6	21.7
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	15.3	16.3	22.2	21.1
Two or More Races	*	20.0	21.2	25.9
Hispanic or Latino	14.8	13.4	20.0	16.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	16.1	14.2	22.3	22.0
Part-Time	13.8^a	18.8	22.6	20.1
Unemployed	10.8	19.7	23.0	22.9
Other²	14.0	10.3	14.8	13.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.32A – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	1,090	1,034	2,102	1,900
AGE
18	101	84	224	184
19	168	169	290	210
20	279	286	410	396
21	313	251	527	459
22	229	244	650	651
SEX
Male	535	443	1,157	1,032
Female	555	591	945	869
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	909	849	1,564	1,437
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	50	82	63	88
Black or African American	62	83	225	206
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	748	649	1,192	1,034
Two or More Races	*	*	57	99
Hispanic or Latino	180	185	538	464
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	262	169	1,066	895
Part-Time	523	482	523	409
Unemployed	33^b	105	208	247
Other²	271	277	305	349
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.32B – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	14.5	14.4	14.9	14.2
AGE
18	7.6	6.4	7.6	6.4
19	10.1	11.3	12.0	9.2
20	16.2	16.4	15.1	17.1
21	19.8	17.2	19.6	17.6
22	18.9	20.6	19.7	19.8
SEX
Male	15.8	13.4	14.9	14.5
Female	13.5	15.2	15.1	13.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	15.2	15.2	15.0	14.7
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	6.8	11.9	8.5	11.4
Black or African American	6.7	10.4	11.7	11.4
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	18.5	16.8	16.8	15.6
Two or More Races	*	*	11.8	21.3
Hispanic or Latino	11.8	11.4	14.7	12.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	19.2	13.2	18.8	17.8
Part-Time	16.6	15.9	15.0	13.5
Unemployed	7.2^b	20.1	13.4	14.1
Other²	10.7	11.8	9.1	9.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.33A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	1,713	1,768	3,899	3,615
AGE
18	225	194	569	549
19	280	336	690	553
20	390	470	788	743
21	442	434	864	763
22	375	335	988	1,007
SEX
Male	786	838	2,163	2,035
Female	927	930	1,737	1,580
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,384	1,415	2,906	2,757
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	85	120	110	116
Black or African American	147	180	492	498
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	1,075	1,058	2,119	1,943
Two or More Races	*	*	126	167
Hispanic or Latino	328	353	993	858
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	361	303	1,771	1,585
Part-Time	776	866	1,018	837
Unemployed	76^a	149	447	515
Other²	499	451	662	678
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.33B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2022	2023	2022	2023
TOTAL	22.8	24.6	27.7	27.0
AGE
18	16.9	14.9	19.3	19.1
19	16.9	22.5	28.6	24.1
20	22.7	26.9	29.1	32.2
21	28.0	29.8	32.1	29.2
22	31.0	28.3	30.0	30.7
SEX
Male	23.2	25.4	27.8	28.6
Female	22.5	24.0	27.7	25.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	23.2	25.4	27.9	28.2
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	11.7	17.4	15.0	15.1
Black or African American	15.8	22.7	25.4	27.6
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	26.5	27.4	29.9	29.4
Two or More Races	*	*	26.1	35.7
Hispanic or Latino	21.5	21.9	27.2	23.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	26.5	23.7	31.3	31.5
Part-Time	24.6	28.6	29.3	27.6
Unemployed	16.7	28.5	28.8	29.5
Other²	19.7	19.2	19.7	19.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.34A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2022)	Alcohol (2023)	Marijuana (2022)	Marijuana (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)
TOTAL	15,569	15,544	12,491	12,136	13,600	13,033	2,343	2,213	24,336	24,120
AGE GROUP
16-25	2,414	2,179	3,868^b	3,208	3,966^b	3,276	431	363	5,015^b	4,346
16-20	572	549	1,331	1,283	1,358	1,320	148	128	1,589	1,521
21-25	1,842	1,630	2,537^b	1,925	2,607^b	1,956	283	235	3,426^b	2,826
26 or Older	13,154	13,365	8,623	8,927	9,635	9,757	1,912	1,850	19,320	19,774
SEX
Male	9,558	9,724	7,714	7,874	8,431	8,394	1,463	1,398	14,922	15,224
Female	6,010	5,820	4,777	4,261	5,169	4,639	881	815	9,413	8,896
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	13,293	13,469	10,479	10,349	11,461	11,130	2,007	1,846	20,796	20,920
AIAN	68	28	55	90	61	97	10	30	111	109
Asian	334	374	203	222	261	244	96	39	520	555
Black or African American	1,172	1,266	1,428	1,529	1,519	1,561	160	149	2,153	2,259
NHOPI	34	*	48	*	52	*	29	*	68	*
White	11,526	11,382	8,411	8,066	9,207	8,765	1,658	1,494	17,493	17,318
Two or More Races	158^b	329	334	348	361	368	55	51	451	574
Hispanic or Latino	2,276	2,075	2,012	1,787	2,139	1,903	336	367	3,540	3,200
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.34B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2022)	Alcohol (2023)	Marijuana (2022)	Marijuana (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)
TOTAL	5.9	5.9	4.7	4.6	5.2	4.9	0.9	0.8	9.4	9.2
AGE GROUP
16-25	5.7	5.1	9.1^b	7.5	9.4^b	7.8	1.0	0.9	11.9^b	10.4
16-20	2.7	2.6	6.3	6.2	6.6	6.4	0.7	0.6	7.7	7.5
21-25	8.5	7.5	11.7^b	8.9	12.1^b	9.1	1.3	1.1	16.0^b	13.2
26 or Older	6.0	6.0	3.9	4.0	4.4	4.4	0.9	0.8	8.9	9.0
SEX
Male	7.5	7.6	6.0	6.1	6.6	6.5	1.1	1.1	11.7	11.9
Female	4.5	4.3	3.5	3.1	3.9	3.4	0.7	0.6	7.1	6.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	6.1	6.2	4.8	4.8	5.3	5.1	0.9	0.9	9.7	9.7
AIAN	5.4	2.5	4.3	7.7	4.9	8.5	0.8	2.7	8.8	9.6
Asian	2.1	2.3	1.3	1.3	1.7	1.5	0.6	0.2	3.4	3.4
Black or African American	3.7	4.0	4.5	4.8	4.8	4.9	0.5	0.5	6.8	7.1
NHOPI	2.8	*	3.9	*	4.4	*	2.4	*	5.7	*
White	7.2	7.1	5.2	5.0	5.7	5.5	1.0	0.9	10.9	10.8
Two or More Races	3.0^b	6.0	6.3	6.3	6.9	6.7	1.0	0.9	8.6	10.5
Hispanic or Latino	4.9	4.4	4.3	3.7	4.7	4.0	0.7	0.8	7.8	6.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.35A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2022)	Alcohol (2023)	Marijuana (2022)	Marijuana (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)
TOTAL	15,569	15,544	12,491	12,136	13,600	13,033	2,343	2,213	24,336	24,120
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2,496	2,488	1,979	2,314	2,041	2,426	202	266	3,884	4,196
Midwest	3,895	4,145	2,833	2,860	3,102	2,974	481	407	5,878	6,136
South	4,779^a	5,746	4,258	4,208	4,633	4,602	798	890	7,899	8,610
West	4,398^b	3,165	3,421	2,753	3,825^a	3,031	862	649	6,675^b	5,178
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	8,968	9,148	6,586	6,509	7,245	6,986	1,343	1,251	13,422	13,525
Small Metro	5,157	4,965	4,363	4,113	4,715	4,401	776	612	8,261	7,909
Nonmetro	1,443	1,431	1,542	1,513	1,641	1,645	225	350	2,653	2,685
Urbanized	657	595	796	678	835	741	92	143	1,257	1,125
Less Urbanized	690	698	600	746	661	813	95	200	1,189	1,338
Completely Rural	96	137	145	89	145	92	*	7	207	222
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	770	982	1,620	1,859	1,793	2,063	393	572	2,175	2,518
100-199%	1,819	1,791	2,714	2,355	2,975	2,604	564	472	3,907	3,710
200% or More	12,978	12,771	8,155	7,917	8,831	8,361	1,387	1,169	18,251	17,887
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	11,596	11,665	7,207	7,202	7,673	7,489	961	799	16,217	16,368
Medicaid/CHIP	1,670	1,606	2,920	2,902	3,390	3,240	999	851	4,177	4,067
Other⁵	2,644	2,696	1,598	2,034	1,791	2,146	383	240	3,928	4,293
No Coverage	1,251	1,208	1,756	1,410	1,870	1,604	244^a	429	2,446	2,203
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.35B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2022)	Alcohol (2023)	Marijuana (2022)	Marijuana (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2022)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2022)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)
TOTAL	5.9	5.9	4.7	4.6	5.2	4.9	0.9	0.8	9.4	9.2
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	5.4	5.4	4.3	5.0	4.5	5.3	0.4	0.6	8.5	9.2
Midwest	7.2	7.7	5.2	5.3	5.7	5.5	0.9	0.8	10.9	11.4
South	4.8^a	5.7	4.2	4.1	4.6	4.5	0.8	0.9	7.9	8.5
West	7.1^b	5.1	5.5^a	4.4	6.2^a	4.9	1.4	1.0	10.8^b	8.4
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6.2	6.3	4.5	4.4	5.0	4.8	0.9	0.9	9.3	9.3
Small Metro	6.2	6.0	5.2	4.9	5.7	5.3	0.9	0.7	10.0	9.6
Nonmetro	4.2	4.1	4.5	4.3	4.8	4.7	0.7	1.0	7.8	7.7
Urbanized	4.5	4.2	5.5	4.8	5.8	5.2	0.6	1.0	8.8	8.0
Less Urbanized	4.0	3.9	3.4	4.1	3.8	4.5	0.6	1.1	7.0	7.5
Completely Rural	3.6	4.8	5.5	3.1	5.5	3.2	*	0.2	7.9	7.8
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	2.1	2.4	4.3	4.5	4.8	5.1	1.0	1.4	5.9	6.2
100-199%	3.5	3.6	5.3	4.7	5.8	5.2	1.1	0.9	7.7	7.4
200% or More	7.5	7.4	4.7	4.6	5.1	4.8	0.8	0.7	10.6	10.4
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	7.3	7.3	4.5	4.5	4.8	4.7	0.6	0.5	10.2	10.3
Medicaid/CHIP	3.3	3.0	5.7	5.5	6.7	6.2	2.0	1.6	8.3	7.8
Other⁵	3.4	3.5	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.8	0.5	0.3	5.2	5.6
No Coverage	5.4	5.3	7.5	6.1	8.0	7.0	1.0^a	1.9	10.6	9.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.36A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	44,719	45,794	1,407	1,275	42,554	43,940	653	510	43,324	44,709
Marijuana	40,670	42,083	1,199	1,071	38,863	40,530	522	415	39,555	41,189
Cocaine	2,010	1,792	161	112	1,795	1,643	40	59	1,916	1,696
Crack	572	503	78	41	456	460	27	50	507	450
Heroin	708^b	372	46	70	613^b	284	48	21	612^a	333
Hallucinogens	2,190	2,528	103	160	2,044	2,339	*	93	2,071	2,406
LSD	384	282	9	15	367	254	<1	4	376	265
PCP	87	17	1	*	85	17	2	*	85	17
Ecstasy	379	453	22	33	336	418	9	*	349	405
Inhalants	672	879	20	48	632	827	20	11	632	864
Methamphetamine	1,682	1,566	175	258	1,383	1,262	*	124	1,399	1,396
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	4,456	3,884	321	300	4,043	3,481	231	123	4,132	3,658
Pain Relievers	2,323	2,030	198	194	2,072	1,798	*	73	2,109	1,919
Stimulants	1,315	1,131	43	80	1,267	1,040	26	37	1,284	1,083
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,492	1,192	166	112	1,266	1,020	94	58	1,337	1,074
Tranquilizers	1,270	1,015	141	105	1,092	853	69	58	1,163	900
Sedatives	271	271	*	7	216	261	*	*	222	268
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	2,827	2,295	215	247	2,537^a	1,994	*	89	2,566	2,152
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4,429	4,103	336	382	3,920	3,636	*	175	4,064	3,843
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3	9,161	8,768	589	579	8,306	7,996	389	250	8,508	8,327
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	62,019	62,469	1,976	2,324	59,011	59,426	901	996	60,093	60,774
Tobacco Products	50,443	49,406	1,791	1,956	47,707	46,887	771	851	48,719	48,007
Cigarettes	40,743^a	38,348	1,581	1,706	38,285	36,161	695	754	39,162	37,128
Daily Cigarettes	24,093	22,754	1,064	1,131	22,449	21,378	468	444	23,038	22,068
Smokeless Tobacco	6,026^a	6,931	256	280	5,617^a	6,580	150	117	5,723^a	6,748
Cigars	10,223	10,610	356	451	9,686	10,074	205	139	9,838	10,390
Pipe Tobacco	1,741	1,955	160	112	1,567	1,821	65	51	1,662	1,882
Nicotine Vaping	21,733^b	24,850	773^a	1,103	20,667^b	23,423	450	458	21,007^b	24,077
ALCOHOL	135,694	132,929	1,436	1,420	132,975	130,182	612	602	133,780	131,018
Binge Alcohol Use	60,323	60,412	1,126	989	58,490	58,677	495	391	59,116	59,283
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	16,025	16,271	524	441	15,235	15,553	*	174	15,542	15,820
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	2,925	2,399	218	264	2,628^a	2,081	197	93	2,651	2,253
Illegally Made Fentanyl	319	302	33	105	281	196	28	54	286	247
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.36B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	17.4	17.8	46.2	39.0	17.0	17.5	42.4	33.9	17.2	17.6
Marijuana	15.9	16.3	39.4	32.8	15.5	16.1	34.0	27.6	15.7	16.3
Cocaine	0.8	0.7	5.3	3.4	0.7	0.7	2.6	3.9	0.8	0.7
Crack	0.2	0.2	2.6	1.2	0.2	0.2	1.8	3.4	0.2	0.2
Heroin	0.3^b	0.1	1.5	2.2	0.2^b	0.1	3.2	1.4	0.2^a	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.9	1.0	3.4	4.9	0.8	0.9	*	6.2	0.8	0.9
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.1	0.2	0.7	1.0	0.1	0.2	0.6	*	0.1	0.2
Inhalants	0.3	0.3	0.6	1.5	0.3	0.3	1.3	0.7	0.3	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.7	0.6	5.8	7.9	0.6	0.5	*	8.2	0.6	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.7	1.5	10.5	9.2	1.6	1.4	15.0	8.2	1.6	1.4
Pain Relievers	0.9	0.8	6.5	5.9	0.8	0.7	*	4.9	0.8	0.8
Stimulants	0.5	0.4	1.4	2.4	0.5	0.4	1.7	2.4	0.5	0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.6	0.5	5.4	3.4	0.5	0.4	6.1	3.9	0.5	0.4
Tranquilizers	0.5	0.4	4.6	3.2	0.4	0.3	4.5	3.9	0.5	0.4
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	*	0.2	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	1.1	0.9	7.1	7.6	1.0^a	0.8	*	5.9	1.0	0.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.7	1.6	11.0	11.7	1.6	1.4	*	11.7	1.6	1.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3	3.6	3.4	19.3	17.7	3.3	3.2	25.3	16.6	3.4	3.3
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	24.2	24.3	64.9	71.2	23.6	23.6	58.6	66.2	23.8	24.0
Tobacco Products	19.7	19.2	58.8	59.9	19.0	18.6	50.1	56.6	19.3	18.9
Cigarettes	15.9^a	14.9	51.9	52.3	15.3^a	14.4	45.2	50.1	15.5^a	14.7
Daily Cigarettes	9.4	8.8	34.9	34.6	9.0	8.5	30.5	29.5	9.1	8.7
Smokeless Tobacco	2.4	2.7	8.4	8.6	2.2^a	2.6	9.7	7.8	2.3^a	2.7
Cigars	4.0	4.1	11.7	13.8	3.9	4.0	13.3	9.3	3.9	4.1
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.8	5.3	3.4	0.6	0.7	4.2	3.4	0.7	0.7
Nicotine Vaping	8.5^b	9.6	25.4^a	33.8	8.3^b	9.3	29.2	30.4	8.3^b	9.5
ALCOHOL	52.9^a	51.6	47.2	43.5	53.1^a	51.8	39.8	40.0	53.1^a	51.7
Binge Alcohol Use	23.5	23.5	37.0	30.3	23.4	23.3	32.2	26.0	23.5	23.4
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	6.3	6.3	17.2	13.5	6.1	6.2	*	11.6	6.2	6.2
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	1.1	0.9	7.2	8.1	1.0^a	0.8	12.8	6.2	1.1	0.9
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.1	1.1	3.2	0.1	0.1	1.8	3.6	0.1	0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.37A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2022)	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	32,134	32,369	1,011	1,139	30,586	30,846	508	467	31,106	31,523
Marijuana	29,739	30,102	881	979	28,381	28,787	408	388	28,870	29,381
Cocaine	1,447	1,158	113	110	1,301	1,011	25	58	1,389	1,065
Crack	267	188	30	41	219	146	12	50	237	136
Heroin	478^a	293	46	50	403^a	225	48	21	402	254
Hallucinogens	1,862^a	2,327	65	160	1,757^a	2,137	38	93	1,784^a	2,205
LSD	335	257	*	15	318	229	<1	4	327	240
PCP	14	8	1	*	12	8	2	*	12	8
Ecstasy	341	433	22	33	301	398	9	*	313	385
Inhalants	542^a	758	20	48	502	706	20	11	502^a	743
Methamphetamine	1,066	1,162	157	252	838	863	*	124	884	992
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	3,080^a	2,616	230	254	2,802^a	2,328	*	95	2,851	2,487
Pain Relievers	1,475	1,217	168	181	1,276	1,014	*	61	1,292	1,133
Stimulants	1,191	1,016	43	63	1,144	944	26	*	1,161	971
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	960	753	105	94	837	652	53	42	889	705
Tranquilizers	849	692	105	88	726	601	53	42	777	647
Sedatives	151	113	5	7	145	104	*	*	150	110
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	1,793	1,434	185	213	1,554^a	1,181	*	77	1,563	1,318
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,210	3,006	285	358	2,825	2,566	*	174	2,968	2,751
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3	6,388	6,420	410	506	5,813	5,791	253	221	5,972	6,077
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	40,602	40,498	1,512^a	1,927	38,439	38,118	736	847	39,223	39,213
Tobacco Products	30,295	29,215	1,339	1,585	28,393	27,293	610	712	29,114	28,178
Cigarettes	24,037^a	22,324	1,247	1,373	22,271^a	20,669	574	630	22,937	21,423
Daily Cigarettes	12,619	11,742	791	923	11,521	10,672	365	386	11,940	11,208
Smokeless Tobacco	3,798	4,214	195	261	3,517	3,892	113	*	3,600	4,040
Cigars	7,208	7,382	293	375	6,805	6,950	197	122	6,903	7,203
Pipe Tobacco	1,130	1,153	79	70	1,037	1,061	60	51	1,056	1,080
Nicotine Vaping	19,233^b	21,156	737^a	1,024	18,235^a	19,923	421	448	18,567^b	20,509
ALCOHOL	78,047^a	75,989	1,161	1,247	76,084	73,991	515	525	76,711	74,727
Binge Alcohol Use	41,212	40,155	864	867	39,825	38,882	422	338	40,262	39,419
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	10,771	10,290	406	371	10,136	9,781	*	151	10,362	10,002
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	1,891	1,538	188	230	1,646^a	1,269	*	81	1,648	1,418
Illegally Made Fentanyl	260	276	33	93	222	182	28	42	227	233
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.37B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2022)	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	23.4	23.5	44.4	43.9	22.9	23.1	45.6	41.3	23.1	23.3
Marijuana	21.7	21.9	38.7	37.7	21.3	21.5	36.7	34.4	21.4	21.7
Cocaine	1.1	0.8	5.0	4.3	1.0	0.8	2.2	5.1	1.0	0.8
Crack	0.2	0.1	1.3	1.6	0.2	0.1	1.0	4.5	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.3^a	0.2	2.0	1.9	0.3^a	0.2	4.4	1.9	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	1.4^a	1.7	2.8	6.2	1.3^a	1.6	3.4	8.2	1.3^a	1.6
LSD	0.2	0.2	*	0.6	0.2	0.2	<0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.2	*	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.3	1.0	1.3	0.2	0.3	0.8	*	0.2	0.3
Inhalants	0.4^a	0.6	0.9	1.8	0.4	0.5	1.8	0.9	0.4^a	0.5
Methamphetamine	0.8	0.8	6.9	9.7	0.6	0.6	*	11.0	0.7	0.7
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.2^a	1.9	10.1	9.8	2.1^a	1.7	*	8.5	2.1	1.8
Pain Relievers	1.1	0.9	7.4	7.0	1.0	0.8	*	5.4	1.0	0.8
Stimulants	0.9	0.7	1.9	2.4	0.9	0.7	2.3	*	0.9	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.7	0.5	4.6	3.6	0.6	0.5	4.8	3.7	0.7	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.5	4.6	3.4	0.5	0.4	4.8	3.7	0.6	0.5
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	1.3	1.0	8.1	8.2	1.2^a	0.9	*	6.8	1.2	1.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2.3	2.2	12.5	13.8	2.1	1.9	*	15.4	2.2	2.0
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3	4.7	4.7	18.0	19.5	4.4	4.3	22.7	19.6	4.4	4.5
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	29.6	29.4	66.4	74.3	28.8	28.5	66.1	75.1	29.1	29.0
Tobacco Products	22.1	21.2	58.8	61.1	21.3	20.4	54.8	63.1	21.6	20.9
Cigarettes	17.5^b	16.2	54.8	52.9	16.7^a	15.5	51.6	55.8	17.0^a	15.9
Daily Cigarettes	9.2	8.5	34.7	35.6	8.6	8.0	32.8	34.2	8.9	8.3
Smokeless Tobacco	2.8	3.1	8.6	10.1	2.6	2.9	10.1	*	2.7	3.0
Cigars	5.2	5.4	12.9	14.4	5.1	5.2	17.7	10.8	5.1	5.3
Pipe Tobacco	0.8	0.8	3.5	2.7	0.8	0.8	5.4	4.5	0.8	0.8
Nicotine Vaping	14.0^b	15.4	32.3	39.5	13.7^b	14.9	37.8	39.7	13.8^b	15.2
ALCOHOL	56.8^a	55.3	51.0	48.1	57.0^a	55.4	46.3	46.6	56.9^b	55.3
Binge Alcohol Use	30.0	29.2	38.0	33.4	29.8	29.1	37.9	29.9	29.9	29.2
Heavy Alcohol Use⁴	7.8	7.5	17.8	14.3	7.6	7.3	*	13.4	7.7	7.4
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	1.4	1.1	8.3	8.9	1.2^a	0.9	*	7.2	1.2	1.0
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.2	1.5	3.6	0.2	0.1	2.5	3.7	0.2	0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁴ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.38A – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	44,719	45,794	1,407	1,275	42,554	43,940	653	510	43,324	44,709
AGE GROUP
18-49	32,134	32,369	1,011	1,139	30,586	30,846	508	467	31,106	31,523
18-25	9,478^a	8,901	193	252	9,191	8,583	*	*	9,307	8,743
26-34	10,860	10,916	*	370	10,273	10,437	*	*	10,498	10,694
35-49	11,795	12,551	402	518	11,122	11,826	*	*	11,301	12,086
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	25,254	25,695	1,072	872	23,779	24,604	493	347	24,374	25,134
Male 18-49	17,932	18,060	716	787	16,942	17,090	*	317	17,307	17,565
Female 18 or Older	19,465	20,099	335	403	18,775	19,336	*	*	18,950	19,576
Female 18-49	14,202	14,309	295	352	13,644	13,756	*	*	13,799	13,958
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.38B – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	17.4	17.8	46.2	39.0	17.0	17.5	42.4	33.9	17.2	17.6
AGE GROUP
18-49	23.4	23.5	44.4	43.9	22.9	23.1	45.6	41.3	23.1	23.3
18-25	27.2	26.2	50.2	48.3	27.0	25.8	*	*	27.1	26.1
26-34	27.0	27.1	*	42.4	26.5	26.8	*	*	26.7	27.0
35-49	18.9	19.8	38.8	43.1	18.4	19.3	*	*	18.5	19.5
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	20.2	20.5	50.3^a	37.6	19.6	20.2	40.9	30.1	19.9	20.4
Male 18-49	26.1	26.4	47.1	42.7	25.5	25.9	*	37.1	25.8	26.2
Female 18 or Older	14.8	15.2	36.6	42.6	14.6	14.9	*	*	14.6	15.0
Female 18-49	20.7	20.7	39.0	46.8	20.3	20.4	*	*	20.4	20.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.39A – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	25,417	25,373	1,137	1,196	23,729	23,709	632	408	24,269	24,501
AGE GROUP
18-49	19,079	18,672	893	1,008	17,785	17,383	497	367	18,215	18,029
18-25	6,482	6,113	154	189	6,243	5,857	*	*	6,355	5,970
26-34	6,174	5,975	*	336	5,671	5,564	*	*	5,864	5,792
35-49	6,423	6,584	368	483	5,871	5,962	*	*	5,996	6,267
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	14,277	14,695	859	793	13,091	13,696	485	283	13,499	14,209
Male 18-49	11,012	10,705	674	686	10,118	9,875	*	256	10,462	10,310
Female 18 or Older	11,140	10,678	278	404	10,639	10,013	*	*	10,770	10,292
Female 18-49	8,067	7,967	219	322	7,667	7,508	*	*	7,753	7,719
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.39B – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	9.9	9.9	37.3	36.7	9.5	9.4	41.1^a	27.1	9.6	9.7
AGE GROUP
18-49	13.9	13.6	39.2	38.9	13.3	13.0	44.6	32.5	13.5	13.3
18-25	18.6	18.0	40.0	36.3	18.3	17.6	*	*	18.5	17.8
26-34	15.4	14.8	*	38.5	14.6	14.3	*	*	14.9	14.6
35-49	10.3	10.4	35.5	40.2	9.7	9.7	*	*	9.8	10.1
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	11.4	11.7	40.3	34.2	10.8	11.2	40.3^a	24.6	11.0	11.5
Male 18-49	16.0	15.6	44.4	37.2	15.2	15.0	*	29.9	15.6	15.4
Female 18 or Older	8.5	8.1	30.4	42.7	8.2	7.7	*	*	8.3	7.9
Female 18-49	11.8	11.5	28.8^a	42.8	11.4	11.1	*	*	11.5	11.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.40A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	46,494	46,272	1,610	1,611	44,049	43,822	739	586	44,948	44,853
AGE GROUP
18-49	32,855	32,524	1,205	1,333	31,048	30,746	588	515	31,693	31,570
18-25	9,669	9,228	228	253	9,317	8,890	*	*	9,491	9,027
26-34	10,568	10,522	503	454	9,843	9,950	*	*	10,123	10,258
35-49	12,618	12,774	475	627	11,888	11,906	*	*	12,079	12,285
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	26,678	26,883	1,229	1,089	24,917	25,350	576	411	25,606	26,033
Male 18-49	18,783	18,459	884	929	17,531	17,283	*	377	18,011	17,841
Female 18 or Older	19,816	19,389	381	522	19,132	18,472	*	*	19,342	18,819
Female 18-49	14,072	14,065	321	404	13,516	13,463	*	*	13,682	13,729
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.40B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2022)	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2022)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2022)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2022)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	18.1	18.0	52.9	49.4	17.6	17.4	48.0	39.0	17.8	17.7
AGE GROUP
18-49	23.9	23.6	52.9	51.4	23.3	23.0	52.8	45.6	23.5	23.4
18-25	27.8	27.1	59.1	48.5	27.3	26.8	*	*	27.6	26.9
26-34	26.3	26.1	58.7	52.0	25.3	25.5	*	*	25.7	25.9
35-49	20.2	20.2	45.8	52.2	19.6	19.4	*	*	19.8	19.8
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	21.3	21.4	57.7	47.0	20.5	20.8	47.9	35.7	20.9	21.1
Male 18-49	27.3	26.9	58.2	50.5	26.4	26.2	*	44.2	26.8	26.6
Female 18 or Older	15.1	14.7	41.6	55.2	14.8	14.3	*	*	14.9	14.5
Female 18-49	20.5	20.4	42.4	53.7	20.1	19.9	*	*	20.3	20.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.41A – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2022)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2022)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	30,054	30,511	62,279	64,434
AGE GROUP
18-25	2,989	2,782	14,257	13,597
26 or Older	27,065	27,729	48,022^a	50,837
26-49	15,068	14,881	30,671	31,453
50 or Older	11,998	12,848	17,350^a	19,384
SEX
Male	17,955	18,544	25,648	26,025
Female	12,099	11,967	36,630^a	38,410
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	26,067	27,018	54,118	55,760
AIAN	221	210	244	314
Asian	569	607	2,411	2,475
Black or African American	2,215	2,069	4,905	4,940
NHOPI	99	*	*	*
White	22,225	22,990	44,699	45,793
Two or More Races	738^a	1,036	1,694	2,009
Hispanic or Latino	3,987	3,493	8,161	8,674
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	2,607	2,436	3,512	3,927
High School Graduate	7,574	7,832	13,191	13,252
Some College/Associate’s Degree	11,099	10,338	22,169	22,036
College Graduate	8,774^a	9,904	23,407^a	25,219
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	15,006	15,834	30,270^a	32,674
Part-Time	4,172	3,751	10,606	10,004
Unemployed	1,882^a	1,486	3,143	2,951
Other³	8,994	9,439	18,260	18,805
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.41B – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2022)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2022)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	11.8	12.0	24.5	25.3
AGE GROUP
18-25	8.7	8.2	41.4	40.3
26 or Older	12.3	12.5	21.8^a	23.0
26-49	14.8	14.5	30.1	30.7
50 or Older	10.2	10.8	14.7^a	16.3
SEX
Male	14.5	14.9	20.7	20.9
Female	9.3	9.1	28.1	29.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12.4	12.9	25.7	26.5
AIAN	17.6	18.6	19.6	27.8
Asian	3.7	3.9	15.8	15.6
Black or African American	7.2	6.7	16.0	16.1
NHOPI	8.2	*	*	*
White	14.1	14.7	28.4	29.3
Two or More Races	14.7^a	19.8	33.9	38.4
Hispanic or Latino	9.1	7.8	18.6	19.3
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	10.8	10.1	14.5	16.3
High School Graduate	11.1	11.4	19.3	19.3
Some College/Associate’s Degree	14.4	13.5	28.7	28.8
College Graduate	10.4^a	11.5	27.7^a	29.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	12.7	13.2	25.7^a	27.2
Part-Time	12.8	12.0	32.7	32.0
Unemployed	17.2^a	13.0	28.7	25.9
Other³	9.7	10.2	19.6	20.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.42A – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	21,262	22,219	40,793	42,663
AGE GROUP
18-25	1,835	1,796	8,903	8,708
26 or Older	19,427	20,423	31,890^a	33,955
26-49	10,368	10,856	19,289	20,151
50 or Older	9,059	9,567	12,601	13,804
SEX
Male	12,770	13,538	16,459	16,998
Female	8,492	8,681	24,334	25,665
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	18,491	19,534	35,440	36,743
AIAN	165	144	176	198
Asian	320	407	1,625	1,580
Black or African American	1,505	1,485	3,211	2,966
NHOPI	90	*	*	*
White	15,916	16,695	29,285	30,762
Two or More Races	495^a	752	1,049	1,124
Hispanic or Latino	2,771	2,685	5,353	5,920
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,916	1,736	2,259	2,317
High School Graduate	5,480	6,006	8,076	8,163
Some College/Associate’s Degree	8,119	7,626	14,449	14,445
College Graduate	5,748^b	6,851	16,009^b	17,739
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	10,211^a	11,431	20,107^a	21,728
Part-Time	3,099	2,702	7,000	6,872
Unemployed	1,241	948	1,833	1,785
Other³	6,711	7,137	11,853	12,277
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.42B – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	8.4	8.7	16.1	16.7
AGE GROUP
18-25	5.3	5.3	25.9	25.9
26 or Older	8.8	9.2	14.5^a	15.4
26-49	10.2	10.6	19.0	19.7
50 or Older	7.7	8.0	10.7	11.6
SEX
Male	10.3	10.9	13.3	13.7
Female	6.5	6.6	18.7	19.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8.8	9.3	16.8	17.5
AIAN	13.2	12.7	14.2	17.6
Asian	2.1	2.6	10.6	10.0
Black or African American	4.9	4.8	10.5	9.7
NHOPI	7.4	*	*	*
White	10.1	10.7	18.7^a	19.7
Two or More Races	9.9^a	14.4	21.0	21.5
Hispanic or Latino	6.3	6.0	12.2	13.2
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	8.0	7.2	9.4	9.6
High School Graduate	8.0	8.8	11.8	11.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree	10.5	10.0	18.7	18.9
College Graduate	6.8^a	8.0	19.0^a	20.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	8.7^a	9.5	17.1	18.1
Part-Time	9.5	8.6	21.6	22.0
Unemployed	11.3^a	8.3	16.7	15.7
Other³	7.2	7.7	12.8	13.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.43A – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	21,262	22,219	40,793	42,663
AGE GROUP
18-25	1,835	1,796	8,903	8,708
26 or Older	19,427	20,423	31,890	33,955
26-49	10,368	10,856	19,289	20,151
50 or Older	9,059	9,567	12,601	13,804
SEX
Male	12,770	13,538	16,459	16,998
Female	8,492	8,681	24,334	25,665
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	18,491	19,534	35,440	36,743
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	*	*	1,625	1,580
Black or African American	1,505	1,485	3,211	2,966
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	15,916	16,695	29,285	30,762
Two or More Races	*	*	1,049	1,124
Hispanic or Latino	2,771	2,685	5,353	5,920
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,916	1,736	2,259	2,317
High School Graduate	5,480	6,006	8,076	8,163
Some College/Associate’s Degree	8,119	7,626	14,449	14,445
College Graduate	5,748^b	6,851	16,009^a	17,739
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	10,211^a	11,431	20,107^a	21,728
Part-Time	3,099	2,702	7,000	6,872
Unemployed	1,241	948	1,833	1,785
Other³	6,711	7,137	11,853	12,277
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.

240520

Table 8.43B – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2022 and 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2022)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	71.0	73.1	65.8	66.6
AGE GROUP
18-25	61.6	65.1	63.0	64.6
26 or Older	72.0	73.9	66.6	67.1
26-49	69.1^b	73.2	63.1	64.4
50 or Older	75.7	74.8	72.9	71.7
SEX
Male	71.4	73.3	64.5	65.8
Female	70.5	72.9	66.7	67.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	71.2	72.6	65.8	66.3
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	*	*	67.6	64.5
Black or African American	68.7	71.8	65.9	60.2
NHOPI	*	*	*	*
White	71.9	72.8	65.8	67.5
Two or More Races	*	*	62.4	56.3
Hispanic or Latino	69.6	76.9	66.1	68.9
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	73.6	71.3	65.1	59.3
High School Graduate	72.8	77.1	61.6	62.3
Some College/Associate’s Degree	73.3	73.9	65.4	65.8
College Graduate	65.8	69.6	68.7	70.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	68.4^a	72.4	66.7	66.7
Part-Time	74.5	72.5	66.3	69.1
Unemployed	66.2	63.8	58.3	60.7
Other³	74.7	76.0	65.3	65.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2023 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 and 2023.