National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Comparison of 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 Population Percentages (50 States and the District of Columbia)

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Table 1 – *Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	15.51^a	16.67	0.000	7.44	7.26	0.533	26.56	26.71	0.747	14.75^a	16.21	0.000	16.33^a	17.62	0.000
Northeast	17.04^a	18.00	0.023	8.43^a	7.43	0.038	29.18	29.76	0.536	16.14^a	17.34	0.018	17.83^a	18.95	0.013
Midwest	16.01^a	17.40	0.000	7.61	7.47	0.718	26.94	26.72	0.778	15.29^a	17.10	0.000	16.88^a	18.42	0.000
South	12.75^a	14.26	0.000	6.45	6.93	0.137	22.60	23.32	0.343	11.98^a	13.73	0.000	13.41^a	15.02	0.000
West	18.41	18.98	0.135	8.25	7.49	0.110	30.71	30.02	0.493	17.72^b	18.61	0.056	19.46^b	20.14	0.099
Alabama	11.02^a	12.45	0.050	5.23	6.27	0.151	18.94	17.97	0.519	10.45^a	12.29	0.040	11.61^b	13.08	0.067
Alaska	22.81	23.01	0.875	9.97^a	6.52	0.004	34.07	31.15	0.200	22.84	23.96	0.469	24.25	24.85	0.667
Arizona	20.01	19.18	0.438	10.83^a	7.88	0.016	36.90^a	31.27	0.014	18.41	18.56	0.904	20.96	20.32	0.588
Arkansas	12.58^a	16.39	0.000	5.90^a	7.90	0.037	21.54^b	24.83	0.066	11.98^a	16.09	0.000	13.30^a	17.31	0.000
California	16.68	17.45	0.202	7.31	7.11	0.782	28.81	29.77	0.513	15.91	16.75	0.252	17.64	18.50	0.197
Colorado	20.83	21.94	0.284	8.91	8.62	0.816	35.10	33.54	0.470	19.98	21.62	0.189	21.99	23.21	0.281
Connecticut	16.38^a	19.92	0.001	9.05	8.51	0.642	30.44	33.88	0.115	15.00^a	19.01	0.001	17.09^a	21.00	0.001
Delaware	15.61	16.68	0.229	8.77	9.17	0.743	30.45	29.94	0.810	14.30	15.66	0.206	16.24	17.37	0.244
District of Columbia	22.10^a	24.91	0.031	8.66	8.59	0.954	38.82	37.85	0.705	20.27^a	23.93	0.016	22.96^a	25.98	0.029
Florida	13.27^a	15.45	0.000	6.63	7.63	0.129	24.83^b	27.34	0.071	12.41^a	14.67	0.001	13.85^a	16.13	0.000
Georgia	13.10^a	14.98	0.015	6.99	7.59	0.471	22.25	23.89	0.305	12.41^a	14.48	0.027	13.78^a	15.79	0.018
Hawaii	14.59	15.76	0.230	8.18	7.26	0.426	26.27	24.00	0.279	13.77	15.61	0.111	15.17	16.52	0.198
Idaho	12.60^a	14.77	0.013	7.21	6.76	0.624	23.25	23.02	0.904	11.57^a	14.43	0.009	13.24^a	15.70	0.012
Illinois	17.24	18.19	0.236	7.62	8.24	0.478	25.99	26.28	0.859	17.04	18.11	0.271	18.23	19.20	0.270
Indiana	13.26^b	14.61	0.063	6.58	6.94	0.694	25.49	23.72	0.290	12.05^a	14.03	0.026	13.98^b	15.43	0.069
Iowa	13.32	12.17	0.145	6.69	5.77	0.261	22.30	20.62	0.346	12.60	11.51	0.252	14.03	12.85	0.176
Kansas	13.52	13.73	0.792	7.05	7.00	0.957	23.57^b	20.78	0.093	12.63	13.39	0.448	14.25	14.49	0.787
Kentucky	12.43^b	13.72	0.068	6.42	6.25	0.840	20.70	20.40	0.858	11.86^a	13.58	0.048	13.05^b	14.49	0.063
Louisiana	15.07^b	16.55	0.100	7.48	7.26	0.812	23.88	24.04	0.933	14.66^b	16.53	0.093	15.89^b	17.55	0.096
Maine	22.01^a	24.99	0.036	8.13	10.41	0.104	35.03	39.18	0.110	21.66^b	24.54	0.087	23.15^a	26.17	0.049
Maryland	15.86	15.97	0.899	7.68	7.97	0.770	28.88	26.20	0.192	14.93	15.43	0.616	16.68	16.77	0.921
Massachusetts	20.77^a	23.11	0.029	10.02	9.09	0.463	35.15	39.01	0.114	19.52^b	21.94	0.055	21.71^a	24.32	0.024
Michigan	19.35^b	20.56	0.087	8.17	7.64	0.523	31.12	30.53	0.698	18.77^b	20.45	0.056	20.44^b	21.81	0.079
Minnesota	16.59^a	18.84	0.029	8.31	7.31	0.344	31.30	29.70	0.444	15.38^a	18.59	0.012	17.47^a	20.05	0.023
Mississippi	12.60	12.62	0.980	6.83	6.64	0.824	22.35	20.02	0.215	11.76	12.17	0.676	13.25	13.29	0.965
Missouri	17.11^a	20.38	0.004	7.51	8.06	0.578	27.40	30.21	0.157	16.65^a	20.31	0.010	18.09^a	21.65	0.005
Montana	19.65^a	23.39	0.003	8.31	8.53	0.852	34.28	35.64	0.589	18.68^a	23.16	0.003	20.75^a	24.81	0.003
Nebraska	11.78	12.56	0.305	6.24	6.17	0.925	20.36	19.19	0.496	11.05	12.27	0.197	12.41	13.29	0.302
Nevada	22.32	22.03	0.808	9.05	8.54	0.675	34.07	31.91	0.318	22.23	22.22	0.995	23.66	23.37	0.827
New Hampshire	16.21^a	18.60	0.026	6.37	7.67	0.180	33.09	32.79	0.895	14.80^a	17.68	0.025	17.04^a	19.50	0.034
New Jersey	14.10	14.16	0.936	7.42	6.57	0.291	28.69	27.22	0.444	12.79	13.18	0.684	14.76	14.91	0.867
New Mexico	23.55^b	25.90	0.059	13.70	11.27	0.178	34.77	38.32	0.167	22.99^b	25.71	0.077	24.59^a	27.42	0.039
New York	17.24	17.71	0.521	8.87^a	6.81	0.011	27.69	28.19	0.738	16.55	17.25	0.417	18.00	18.67	0.386
North Carolina	11.97^b	13.22	0.069	6.35	6.26	0.909	20.00	21.66	0.295	11.39	12.71	0.113	12.54^b	13.91	0.067
North Dakota	12.07^a	14.14	0.019	6.73	6.18	0.528	20.87	20.96	0.961	11.08^a	13.81	0.013	12.63^a	14.98	0.016
Ohio	16.24^b	17.51	0.061	8.32	7.89	0.559	26.96	28.11	0.439	15.53^b	17.01	0.076	17.04^b	18.47	0.053
Oklahoma	18.66^a	21.13	0.025	8.62	6.81	0.102	28.05^a	33.84	0.010	18.39^b	20.84	0.076	19.79^a	22.75	0.016
Oregon	24.03	24.25	0.844	9.46	8.28	0.300	38.61^b	34.79	0.075	23.49	24.41	0.484	25.37	25.69	0.786
Pennsylvania	15.82	16.30	0.522	7.58	7.39	0.804	25.82	24.83	0.519	15.22	15.97	0.408	16.59	17.12	0.513
Rhode Island	19.88	20.53	0.568	10.31^a	7.38	0.016	34.30	34.54	0.926	18.45	19.53	0.430	20.68	21.62	0.450
South Carolina	12.13^a	13.96	0.027	6.90	7.39	0.612	24.36	24.84	0.802	10.92^a	13.08	0.032	12.65^a	14.60	0.030
South Dakota	11.77^b	13.30	0.065	6.48	5.49	0.228	19.29	19.98	0.703	11.25^b	13.21	0.060	12.37^a	14.17	0.050
Tennessee	11.90^a	13.92	0.015	5.86	6.76	0.279	21.49	22.00	0.767	11.15^a	13.52	0.019	12.50^a	14.63	0.021
Texas	10.28^a	11.66	0.002	5.34	6.07	0.217	19.25	19.39	0.904	9.42^a	11.09	0.004	10.87^a	12.32	0.004
Utah	11.32	11.02	0.670	5.31	4.52	0.249	19.10	17.63	0.375	10.65	10.61	0.973	12.17	11.91	0.756
Vermont	26.16	27.15	0.470	9.36	10.31	0.529	39.62	43.34	0.190	25.59	26.18	0.717	27.53	28.51	0.507
Virginia	14.76	15.10	0.638	7.80	7.92	0.882	26.34	26.08	0.872	13.78	14.24	0.599	15.46	15.81	0.649
Washington	22.72	22.64	0.943	9.60	8.34	0.299	33.72	31.65	0.307	22.59	22.92	0.805	23.97	24.00	0.986
West Virginia	15.88	15.34	0.554	6.82	6.91	0.926	27.35^a	23.15	0.024	15.16	15.08	0.942	16.70	16.11	0.546
Wisconsin	13.82^a	16.01	0.005	7.50	7.07	0.641	27.77	27.01	0.656	12.35^a	15.30	0.002	14.45^a	16.89	0.004
Wyoming	11.18	12.00	0.308	6.06	5.85	0.813	20.64	20.52	0.943	10.38	11.46	0.279	11.75	12.67	0.297
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

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Table 2 – *Marijuana Use in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	20.48^a	21.88	0.000	11.19	11.31	0.728	37.27	37.39	0.800	18.98^a	20.71	0.000	21.43^a	22.94	0.000
Northeast	22.06^a	23.34	0.003	11.58	11.77	0.749	39.84	40.42	0.576	20.50^a	22.00	0.006	23.01^a	24.39	0.004
Midwest	21.34^a	22.80	0.000	11.67	11.38	0.538	38.92	39.44	0.552	19.72^a	21.52	0.000	22.34^a	23.97	0.000
South	17.04^a	18.81	0.000	9.98^a	10.92	0.023	32.35	32.57	0.776	15.52^a	17.62	0.000	17.78^a	19.63	0.000
West	24.13^a	24.99	0.042	12.50	11.60	0.148	41.86	41.24	0.574	22.76^a	24.04	0.014	25.32^a	26.35	0.027
Alabama	13.46^a	16.45	0.000	9.21	11.01	0.102	25.93	26.43	0.794	11.99^a	15.49	0.001	13.89^a	17.00	0.001
Alaska	30.68	29.73	0.493	15.00^a	10.61	0.002	48.24^a	41.76	0.013	30.18	30.48	0.862	32.45	31.88	0.707
Arizona	24.01	24.52	0.669	13.82	12.08	0.209	47.82^b	42.90	0.051	21.41	23.02	0.274	25.06	25.77	0.586
Arkansas	16.92^a	21.03	0.000	11.20	13.03	0.175	30.30	33.44	0.152	15.50^a	20.03	0.000	17.54^a	21.89	0.000
California	22.83	23.56	0.266	11.77	11.21	0.542	40.49	40.89	0.802	21.40	22.32	0.241	23.96	24.81	0.236
Colorado	26.56^a	29.61	0.008	14.55	13.93	0.682	47.42	46.49	0.711	24.71^a	28.74	0.004	27.74^a	31.11	0.007
Connecticut	22.06^a	25.37	0.003	11.92	12.27	0.786	42.18	43.51	0.578	20.04^a	23.99	0.004	23.02^a	26.60	0.003
Delaware	19.99^b	21.80	0.083	10.77	11.94	0.315	38.92	37.02	0.387	18.38^b	20.76	0.062	20.85^b	22.72	0.099
District of Columbia	32.09	32.61	0.719	10.76	12.58	0.220	52.76^b	48.56	0.099	30.16	31.40	0.473	33.44	33.92	0.756
Florida	17.23^a	19.84	0.000	10.35^b	11.88	0.053	33.83^b	36.30	0.098	15.74^a	18.48	0.001	17.83^a	20.53	0.000
Georgia	17.59^a	19.79	0.008	10.28^a	12.49	0.032	32.12	33.89	0.346	16.18^a	18.43	0.023	18.41^a	20.60	0.016
Hawaii	18.36	19.89	0.158	11.78	9.70	0.107	35.54	32.77	0.244	16.87^b	19.34	0.052	18.95	20.81	0.112
Idaho	17.53^b	19.55	0.067	11.79	10.42	0.270	33.83	33.11	0.773	15.60^a	18.45	0.035	18.21^a	20.60	0.049
Illinois	22.34	23.51	0.170	11.67	12.88	0.262	36.88	39.05	0.239	21.37	22.37	0.347	23.44	24.59	0.215
Indiana	18.63	19.71	0.245	10.49	11.15	0.561	37.50	36.23	0.540	16.47	18.01	0.179	19.51	20.64	0.266
Iowa	18.09^a	15.49	0.008	10.90	9.15	0.104	34.27	31.03	0.148	16.20^a	13.58	0.029	18.86^a	16.16	0.013
Kansas	18.62	18.59	0.975	10.37	10.87	0.689	35.77	33.10	0.205	16.72	17.05	0.788	19.55	19.46	0.930
Kentucky	16.17	17.22	0.216	9.00	10.19	0.252	31.45	28.94	0.209	14.66	16.25	0.120	16.92	17.94	0.263
Louisiana	19.80^b	21.67	0.054	13.01	11.76	0.301	34.79	31.91	0.229	18.32^a	21.30	0.014	20.54^a	22.74	0.039
Maine	26.06^a	29.97	0.007	12.11	14.39	0.133	47.54	49.83	0.399	24.67^a	28.90	0.014	27.21^a	31.23	0.010
Maryland	19.64	20.53	0.377	9.65	11.18	0.173	39.48^b	34.95	0.064	17.94	19.56	0.181	20.64	21.48	0.452
Massachusetts	28.40	29.70	0.304	12.97	14.40	0.354	48.37	52.04	0.154	26.71	27.62	0.560	29.74	31.02	0.351
Michigan	25.60^b	27.05	0.073	12.74	11.42	0.197	44.02	44.42	0.826	24.17^b	26.09	0.053	26.86^b	28.56	0.054
Minnesota	21.96	23.72	0.130	10.95	9.60	0.260	45.13	41.76	0.183	19.80^a	22.70	0.042	23.12	25.21	0.103
Mississippi	15.37	16.27	0.324	10.47	10.99	0.673	31.46^b	27.26	0.053	13.37	15.14	0.116	15.92	16.87	0.350
Missouri	22.67^a	26.60	0.001	12.21	11.60	0.604	38.31	41.67	0.177	21.49^a	26.02	0.003	23.75^a	28.13	0.001
Montana	25.61^a	28.68	0.030	12.54	12.39	0.913	48.27	48.58	0.908	23.59^a	27.45	0.024	26.87^a	30.24	0.029
Nebraska	15.86	16.93	0.226	10.81	9.24	0.159	31.70	30.70	0.640	13.81	15.57	0.102	16.43	17.80	0.159
Nevada	28.29	29.76	0.244	15.94^b	13.33	0.100	43.45	45.61	0.380	27.63	29.47	0.233	29.54	31.39	0.177
New Hampshire	19.78^a	24.02	0.000	9.58	11.09	0.195	41.10^b	45.21	0.081	17.78^a	22.34	0.001	20.64^a	25.09	0.000
New Jersey	19.40	20.70	0.165	11.17	11.35	0.863	39.94	38.73	0.557	17.44	19.22	0.120	20.23	21.63	0.169
New Mexico	26.82^a	29.96	0.014	19.24^b	16.19	0.084	45.07	48.94	0.109	24.89^a	28.62	0.018	27.63^a	31.39	0.007
New York	22.19	22.75	0.471	11.88	11.50	0.707	37.84	37.65	0.907	20.92	21.67	0.428	23.11	23.75	0.452
North Carolina	15.81^b	17.27	0.072	8.92	10.46	0.114	28.97	31.24	0.290	14.58	15.89	0.185	16.50	17.95	0.104
North Dakota	17.70	17.31	0.713	9.58	7.78	0.125	35.97^a	30.70	0.026	15.23	15.90	0.622	18.55	18.32	0.840
Ohio	21.50^b	22.76	0.087	12.45	12.43	0.978	38.65	40.53	0.246	19.94	21.27	0.150	22.41^b	23.80	0.085
Oklahoma	24.89	26.37	0.230	12.41	11.13	0.323	39.15^b	44.01	0.054	24.12	25.34	0.438	26.30	28.08	0.190
Oregon	31.22	30.57	0.618	13.96	13.69	0.862	51.12^a	46.15	0.034	30.20	30.12	0.957	32.80	32.10	0.618
Pennsylvania	19.23	20.40	0.156	10.65	10.57	0.925	34.71	34.95	0.892	17.86	19.27	0.160	20.03	21.31	0.155
Rhode Island	25.57	26.93	0.285	11.60	13.22	0.258	47.22	47.89	0.797	23.39	24.86	0.335	26.74	28.07	0.335
South Carolina	16.47	17.98	0.113	11.20	10.53	0.557	33.19	31.90	0.564	14.60^b	16.76	0.062	16.99^b	18.72	0.095
South Dakota	16.45^a	18.55	0.041	9.38	8.37	0.345	31.84	34.46	0.309	14.88^b	17.24	0.062	17.24^a	19.69	0.030
Tennessee	17.65^a	20.00	0.010	10.69	11.73	0.365	32.62	33.53	0.657	16.19^a	18.90	0.015	18.35^a	20.83	0.012
Texas	14.74^a	16.41	0.003	8.73	9.40	0.357	29.45	28.69	0.595	13.04^a	15.24	0.002	15.46^a	17.24	0.005
Utah	14.14^a	15.95	0.027	6.96	6.97	0.987	25.32	26.26	0.632	12.89^a	15.13	0.028	15.15^a	17.18	0.026
Vermont	32.90	34.26	0.371	14.77	14.02	0.671	53.77^b	58.69	0.072	31.26	32.32	0.566	34.37	35.89	0.353
Virginia	19.42	19.27	0.863	10.99	11.19	0.834	36.44	36.28	0.928	17.76	17.58	0.864	20.26	20.07	0.842
Washington	29.13	28.55	0.631	12.74	11.80	0.493	44.16	42.91	0.604	28.80	28.34	0.756	30.70	30.14	0.669
West Virginia	18.58	18.39	0.855	11.33	11.70	0.755	34.41	33.36	0.649	17.05	16.91	0.911	19.24	19.00	0.832
Wisconsin	18.80^a	21.97	0.000	12.02	11.07	0.382	39.90	42.52	0.176	16.27^a	19.98	0.001	19.48^a	23.04	0.000
Wyoming	16.45	15.65	0.435	10.02	8.84	0.317	31.60	31.22	0.873	14.94	14.09	0.510	17.15	16.38	0.496
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 3 – *Marijuana Use in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	14.11^a	15.20	0.000	6.25	6.22	0.905	25.27	25.54	0.557	13.30^a	14.65	0.000	14.91^a	16.11	0.000
Northeast	15.63^a	16.37	0.042	6.59	6.56	0.957	27.66	28.80	0.295	14.78^b	15.54	0.097	16.46^a	17.26	0.044
Midwest	14.82^a	15.91	0.001	6.28	6.48	0.586	25.94	26.16	0.812	14.08^a	15.41	0.001	15.70^a	16.88	0.001
South	11.34^a	12.75	0.000	5.53	5.79	0.391	21.63	22.01	0.665	10.45^a	12.14	0.000	11.95^a	13.47	0.000
West	16.83^a	17.71	0.020	7.17^b	6.46	0.100	28.83	28.37	0.673	16.12^a	17.38	0.007	17.82^a	18.85	0.013
Alabama	8.69^a	10.85	0.001	4.62	5.45	0.257	17.61	17.88	0.869	7.76^a	10.37	0.001	9.10^a	11.40	0.001
Alaska	21.93	22.31	0.768	9.03^a	4.99	0.000	33.33^a	28.26	0.037	21.96	23.67	0.265	23.39	24.25	0.537
Arizona	18.80	18.66	0.895	7.63	6.94	0.494	36.22^a	28.89	0.001	17.34	18.39	0.426	19.95	19.83	0.924
Arkansas	11.19^a	14.63	0.000	6.21	6.82	0.501	20.52	23.13	0.149	10.33^a	14.24	0.000	11.73^a	15.47	0.000
California	15.17	16.16	0.101	6.60	6.15	0.474	26.74	28.25	0.308	14.40	15.46	0.143	16.05^b	17.17	0.087
Colorado	19.32	20.93	0.103	6.80	7.42	0.550	34.67	32.57	0.314	18.37^b	20.62	0.061	20.54	22.22	0.122
Connecticut	14.89^a	17.83	0.002	7.00	7.39	0.700	29.95	32.62	0.223	13.42^a	16.68	0.005	15.65^a	18.81	0.002
Delaware	14.13	14.93	0.411	6.46	7.49	0.305	28.36	27.83	0.795	13.00	13.94	0.411	14.84	15.62	0.462
District of Columbia	20.90	22.43	0.246	5.88^a	8.14	0.038	35.49	34.11	0.554	19.55	21.52	0.206	21.86	23.36	0.282
Florida	12.13^a	14.36	0.000	5.99	6.45	0.450	23.71	25.62	0.192	11.23^a	13.65	0.000	12.67^a	15.04	0.000
Georgia	12.07^b	13.17	0.093	5.87	6.75	0.267	22.13	22.90	0.641	11.24	12.42	0.140	12.76	13.88	0.120
Hawaii	12.03^a	15.14	0.001	9.10^a	4.93	0.000	23.74	22.15	0.438	10.85^a	15.29	0.000	12.29^a	16.05	0.000
Idaho	11.48^a	13.59	0.012	6.13	5.66	0.594	21.57	22.10	0.792	10.54^a	13.21	0.010	12.11^a	14.51	0.010
Illinois	16.12	17.18	0.160	6.38	7.56	0.176	25.94	26.23	0.864	15.76	16.91	0.206	17.12	18.16	0.208
Indiana	12.32	13.10	0.272	5.25	5.70	0.558	25.46^b	22.49	0.098	11.00^b	12.45	0.096	13.08	13.89	0.298
Iowa	11.68	10.49	0.119	5.63	5.17	0.527	20.45	20.39	0.970	10.93	9.44	0.111	12.33	11.05	0.132
Kansas	12.17	11.80	0.651	5.81	6.11	0.730	21.88	20.51	0.445	11.33	11.03	0.764	12.89	12.44	0.621
Kentucky	10.43^b	11.52	0.099	4.54	5.27	0.273	19.63	18.77	0.624	9.71^b	11.16	0.073	11.04	12.17	0.120
Louisiana	13.11	14.48	0.111	6.59	6.34	0.781	23.53	22.01	0.461	12.31^b	14.31	0.052	13.82	15.35	0.102
Maine	20.95	23.06	0.130	7.39	8.41	0.431	33.72^b	38.25	0.080	20.61	22.48	0.255	22.07	24.25	0.148
Maryland	14.11	14.27	0.844	5.93	6.70	0.350	28.20	24.75	0.101	13.02	13.65	0.525	14.93	15.03	0.909
Massachusetts	19.71	20.79	0.302	7.59	8.53	0.388	33.44	37.26	0.113	18.71	19.35	0.611	20.77	21.84	0.343
Michigan	18.52	19.41	0.199	7.05	6.48	0.480	30.13	29.63	0.750	18.00	19.26	0.138	19.64	20.65	0.178
Minnesota	15.42^a	17.64	0.034	6.37	5.98	0.638	29.72	29.61	0.960	14.36^a	17.23	0.024	16.38^a	18.86	0.032
Mississippi	11.14	11.27	0.868	5.63	5.83	0.810	21.26	18.97	0.226	10.20	10.70	0.598	11.76	11.88	0.891
Missouri	16.08^a	18.56	0.020	6.50	6.79	0.777	26.22	29.35	0.139	15.64^a	18.27	0.041	17.06^a	19.76	0.020
Montana	18.48^a	21.97	0.004	7.78	6.52	0.230	33.08	35.80	0.262	17.43^a	21.56	0.005	19.51^a	23.44	0.003
Nebraska	10.21	11.25	0.149	5.21	5.14	0.921	18.72	19.02	0.856	9.42	10.73	0.138	10.78	11.94	0.146
Nevada	20.32	20.88	0.618	9.34^b	7.14	0.075	32.16	30.03	0.339	19.96	21.19	0.359	21.43	22.25	0.501
New Hampshire	14.41^a	16.96	0.010	5.90	6.32	0.661	28.21	30.20	0.357	13.30^a	16.13	0.016	15.13^a	17.83	0.011
New Jersey	13.25	13.66	0.591	5.96	6.03	0.927	27.76	27.85	0.966	12.03	12.52	0.590	13.98	14.42	0.600
New Mexico	21.33^a	23.97	0.025	12.40	9.74	0.104	33.57	34.92	0.569	20.51^a	23.96	0.019	22.28^a	25.45	0.014
New York	16.06	16.19	0.858	6.83	5.92	0.181	26.39	27.13	0.647	15.48	15.60	0.884	16.89	17.10	0.785
North Carolina	10.40^b	11.68	0.064	5.19	5.43	0.729	19.37	20.77	0.423	9.62^b	10.99	0.092	10.92^b	12.30	0.067
North Dakota	11.30	12.36	0.223	4.93	4.98	0.942	20.28	20.75	0.803	10.40	11.68	0.232	11.97	13.14	0.220
Ohio	14.85	15.68	0.209	6.96	7.13	0.812	25.84	27.72	0.197	14.09	14.84	0.348	15.64	16.53	0.216
Oklahoma	17.96^b	20.07	0.064	9.17^a	6.17	0.010	27.31^a	32.36	0.032	17.54	19.80	0.105	18.95^a	21.63	0.032
Oregon	21.84	22.33	0.640	8.93	7.76	0.315	35.24	33.27	0.358	21.29	22.29	0.428	23.03	23.65	0.581
Pennsylvania	13.54	14.33	0.238	5.96	6.37	0.528	23.86	23.72	0.930	12.82	13.77	0.244	14.24	15.07	0.261
Rhode Island	18.08	18.32	0.840	6.68	7.24	0.587	31.14	33.35	0.349	17.07	16.95	0.932	19.04	19.23	0.881
South Carolina	10.79	11.89	0.139	5.98	5.57	0.607	22.12	21.56	0.759	9.66^b	11.16	0.090	11.26	12.51	0.123
South Dakota	10.79	11.85	0.188	5.31	4.82	0.494	19.14	19.79	0.726	10.16	11.45	0.188	11.41	12.63	0.168
Tennessee	10.16^a	12.92	0.000	4.90	5.73	0.285	19.85	21.19	0.410	9.31^a	12.50	0.000	10.69^a	13.64	0.000
Texas	9.03^a	10.29	0.004	4.53	4.69	0.743	18.67	18.40	0.823	7.99^a	9.67	0.002	9.57^a	10.96	0.004
Utah	9.45	10.31	0.148	3.65	4.02	0.500	17.06	16.18	0.582	8.76^b	10.08	0.077	10.26	11.18	0.171
Vermont	24.18	25.33	0.416	8.58	8.55	0.986	38.76	42.05	0.250	23.31	24.27	0.568	25.45	26.67	0.420
Virginia	13.19	13.27	0.889	6.45	6.55	0.892	24.38	24.90	0.759	12.23	12.25	0.980	13.86	13.94	0.904
Washington	21.07	20.70	0.715	8.61	7.14	0.169	30.93	29.46	0.448	21.03	20.93	0.936	22.26	21.99	0.802
West Virginia	14.24^b	12.76	0.085	6.41	6.09	0.710	24.20	21.40	0.127	13.62	12.20	0.163	14.96^b	13.37	0.088
Wisconsin	12.12^a	14.04	0.014	5.73	5.89	0.837	25.55	25.77	0.903	10.75^a	13.13	0.011	12.76^a	14.84	0.014
Wyoming	10.10	10.80	0.425	4.03	4.68	0.312	19.46	20.23	0.685	9.43	10.11	0.523	10.76	11.47	0.470
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 4 – *Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	21.03^a	20.40	0.021	20.98	20.54	0.339	10.75	10.88	0.670	22.63^a	21.86	0.022	21.04^a	20.38	0.027
Northeast	19.57	19.60	0.951	20.25	20.33	0.917	10.00	10.49	0.409	20.94	20.89	0.931	19.51	19.53	0.965
Midwest	17.92^a	17.03	0.011	19.33	19.26	0.914	9.32	9.12	0.637	19.11^a	18.02	0.012	17.77^a	16.80	0.011
South	23.49^a	22.48	0.003	23.64^a	21.98	0.005	11.61	11.99	0.440	25.32^a	24.18	0.007	23.47^a	22.53	0.012
West	20.85	20.53	0.477	18.56	19.43	0.281	11.16	10.91	0.690	22.63	22.16	0.401	21.09	20.64	0.372
Alabama	24.96^a	21.64	0.006	26.96	25.15	0.353	13.47	11.71	0.216	26.54^a	22.83	0.014	24.75^a	21.28	0.009
Alaska	14.59	14.95	0.746	15.87	16.74	0.646	7.75^a	10.64	0.040	15.42	15.33	0.951	14.45	14.75	0.804
Arizona	19.65	18.60	0.356	17.04	16.64	0.817	8.59	9.48	0.507	21.74	20.30	0.312	19.92	18.80	0.373
Arkansas	24.71^a	21.81	0.025	27.02^a	21.82	0.014	12.34	11.89	0.742	26.41^b	23.41	0.069	24.46^b	21.80	0.067
California	23.59	23.88	0.686	19.35	20.77	0.268	12.56	11.83	0.484	25.81	26.12	0.727	24.02	24.20	0.826
Colorado	16.21^a	13.64	0.005	16.35	15.10	0.434	8.50	7.86	0.599	17.38^a	14.38	0.008	16.19^a	13.50	0.008
Connecticut	16.56	16.30	0.811	17.92	15.18	0.112	9.56	8.12	0.292	17.51	17.70	0.889	16.43	16.41	0.985
Delaware	18.71	18.41	0.778	18.16	20.71	0.170	9.39	9.28	0.934	20.05	19.42	0.626	18.77	18.19	0.627
District of Columbia	14.13	14.55	0.693	19.74	18.52	0.542	7.91	9.03	0.435	14.79	15.21	0.741	13.79	14.29	0.657
Florida	26.95	25.76	0.155	22.67	21.11	0.244	13.02	13.11	0.940	29.19	27.86	0.194	27.33	26.16	0.200
Georgia	21.79	20.42	0.177	24.30^b	21.15	0.054	12.56	11.59	0.431	22.96	21.77	0.348	21.50	20.34	0.299
Hawaii	22.87	23.07	0.877	18.33	19.99	0.372	11.84	11.40	0.785	24.72	24.81	0.956	23.28	23.35	0.963
Idaho	19.30	18.93	0.752	21.57	21.85	0.889	9.71	11.41	0.220	20.59	19.85	0.617	19.03	18.59	0.739
Illinois	18.12	17.45	0.402	18.91	18.81	0.946	11.20^b	9.18	0.057	19.10	18.57	0.597	18.04	17.31	0.410
Indiana	20.65	18.99	0.114	23.35^a	19.10	0.028	10.27	10.22	0.966	22.06	20.47	0.225	20.35	18.98	0.232
Iowa	17.37	18.05	0.542	19.07	21.61	0.171	9.45	9.99	0.683	18.53	19.02	0.727	17.19	17.68	0.692
Kansas	19.04	17.47	0.134	19.77	18.99	0.658	9.59	9.32	0.832	20.60	18.72	0.158	18.96	17.30	0.152
Kentucky	22.29^a	19.51	0.011	24.36	23.86	0.804	11.56	10.08	0.293	23.72^a	20.44	0.015	22.08^a	19.06	0.012
Louisiana	23.73	22.51	0.283	26.96^b	23.52	0.099	13.46	12.56	0.557	24.93	23.95	0.488	23.38	22.40	0.436
Maine	13.94^b	12.10	0.096	15.99	17.80	0.320	5.44	6.43	0.398	14.83^b	12.29	0.056	13.78^b	11.64	0.074
Maryland	20.91	19.50	0.226	20.58	20.76	0.919	10.80	10.06	0.610	22.40	20.70	0.229	20.94	19.38	0.217
Massachusetts	14.67	15.17	0.604	16.70	17.33	0.728	7.78	6.87	0.415	15.59	16.31	0.546	14.49	14.99	0.640
Michigan	14.74^a	16.31	0.034	16.68	18.23	0.222	7.99	9.38	0.149	15.58^b	17.18	0.081	14.55^b	16.13	0.052
Minnesota	14.92	16.09	0.265	15.57^b	18.82	0.075	7.80	8.35	0.651	15.93	16.94	0.434	14.85	15.80	0.410
Mississippi	26.16	24.37	0.154	29.64^a	24.70	0.018	11.23	13.64	0.123	28.16	26.13	0.195	25.76	24.34	0.303
Missouri	18.78	17.93	0.422	19.92	21.05	0.537	8.66	10.22	0.231	20.23	18.77	0.268	18.67	17.61	0.368
Montana	15.67	14.57	0.277	15.54	17.47	0.286	7.74	7.88	0.913	16.90	15.27	0.189	15.68	14.29	0.210
Nebraska	21.06	20.36	0.537	21.88	20.47	0.504	10.50	11.11	0.676	22.77	21.96	0.560	20.96	20.35	0.619
Nevada	19.53	20.49	0.378	15.19	17.05	0.285	10.79	10.67	0.934	21.24	22.21	0.463	19.97	20.83	0.470
New Hampshire	14.44	13.01	0.154	16.58	15.58	0.536	7.22	6.83	0.730	15.26	13.62	0.179	14.27	12.79	0.179
New Jersey	23.23	23.64	0.734	25.04	22.53	0.170	12.33	13.91	0.239	24.57	25.15	0.703	23.05	23.75	0.599
New Mexico	19.83	18.28	0.189	16.83	16.76	0.971	9.77	9.05	0.593	21.79	19.93	0.206	20.15	18.44	0.189
New York	20.36^a	22.09	0.050	19.35	21.03	0.248	9.77^a	12.03	0.046	22.06	23.70	0.124	20.46^b	22.18	0.073
North Carolina	21.40	21.38	0.989	21.88	20.31	0.362	10.26^b	12.56	0.100	23.06	22.88	0.887	21.35	21.49	0.901
North Dakota	17.80	17.26	0.629	20.64	19.93	0.742	8.73	9.61	0.516	19.18	18.44	0.596	17.51	16.98	0.670
Ohio	18.13^a	15.65	0.001	19.21	18.98	0.852	8.56	8.07	0.566	19.46^a	16.42	0.001	18.02^a	15.32	0.001
Oklahoma	18.65	19.62	0.408	16.56^a	21.45	0.009	8.89^b	11.74	0.053	20.58	20.74	0.912	18.88	19.41	0.680
Oregon	14.26	14.04	0.834	12.33	14.06	0.260	7.63	8.29	0.611	15.41	14.85	0.654	14.43	14.04	0.723
Pennsylvania	21.02^a	18.58	0.008	21.71	21.92	0.891	11.35	9.97	0.236	22.39^a	19.51	0.010	20.96^a	18.27	0.007
Rhode Island	17.71	16.26	0.154	18.37	17.09	0.500	8.58	7.87	0.574	19.15	17.55	0.191	17.66	16.19	0.182
South Carolina	21.28	22.61	0.297	24.43	22.84	0.468	11.61	12.72	0.465	22.36	24.06	0.276	20.97	22.59	0.246
South Dakota	18.52	18.87	0.758	19.38	18.53	0.676	8.65	9.34	0.617	20.01	20.50	0.738	18.42	18.91	0.706
Tennessee	20.66	19.00	0.110	21.81^b	18.43	0.053	9.68	9.02	0.595	22.19	20.58	0.209	20.54	19.05	0.192
Texas	25.33	25.12	0.796	25.45	23.79	0.219	12.17	13.26	0.306	27.60	27.39	0.833	25.31	25.28	0.974
Utah	22.28^b	24.56	0.051	30.09	29.63	0.848	13.61^a	17.11	0.048	22.88^b	25.42	0.082	21.18^a	23.86	0.036
Vermont	11.93	11.07	0.397	13.51	14.22	0.641	5.28	5.01	0.782	12.86	11.73	0.371	11.81	10.81	0.369
Virginia	21.05^a	18.72	0.015	20.17	19.09	0.422	9.37	9.16	0.838	22.96^a	20.16	0.018	21.14^a	18.68	0.020
Washington	17.10^a	14.88	0.038	15.75	16.91	0.514	10.75	8.54	0.118	18.15^a	15.56	0.044	17.23^a	14.69	0.029
West Virginia	19.95^b	17.59	0.061	21.72	21.96	0.908	7.75	9.46	0.161	21.53^a	18.32	0.036	19.79^b	17.19	0.057
Wisconsin	20.01^a	15.62	0.000	21.91	19.64	0.192	9.64^a	7.39	0.040	21.43^a	16.46	0.000	19.82^a	15.22	0.000
Wyoming	18.74	17.62	0.366	20.69	18.63	0.315	9.34	9.82	0.723	19.93	18.71	0.428	18.52	17.51	0.463
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 5 – *First Use of Marijuana in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older at Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	2.39^a	2.55	0.011	4.43^b	4.71	0.079	8.51	8.26	0.369	0.98^a	1.15	0.003	2.03^a	2.16	0.046
Northeast	2.48^b	2.73	0.076	4.40^b	4.95	0.081	9.25	9.32	0.911	1.07	1.27	0.127	2.16	2.35	0.219
Midwest	2.56	2.70	0.208	4.52	4.72	0.428	9.31	8.56	0.114	1.00^a	1.27	0.018	2.18	2.32	0.307
South	2.02^b	2.19	0.082	4.18	4.54	0.124	7.24	6.83	0.264	0.76^a	0.95	0.035	1.65	1.78	0.213
West	2.84	2.91	0.669	4.81	4.85	0.907	9.53	9.83	0.656	1.31	1.34	0.886	2.47	2.54	0.672
Alabama	1.75	2.03	0.105	4.23	4.37	0.832	5.18	5.38	0.805	0.64^b	0.88	0.075	1.33	1.62	0.113
Alaska	3.83^b	3.20	0.080	5.67^b	4.30	0.097	12.35	10.94	0.413	1.81	1.50	0.358	3.37	2.93	0.288
Arizona	3.14	2.82	0.208	5.48	5.13	0.641	11.97^b	9.27	0.053	1.24	1.23	0.959	2.69	2.40	0.306
Arkansas	1.86^b	2.19	0.059	4.02^b	5.11	0.100	6.08	6.19	0.887	0.69	0.79	0.465	1.48	1.64	0.382
California	2.63	2.67	0.850	4.52	4.84	0.522	8.74	9.68	0.356	1.26	1.14	0.508	2.29	2.29	0.983
Colorado	3.76	4.29	0.171	6.87	6.18	0.448	13.34	13.36	0.991	1.41^a	2.13	0.043	3.11^b	3.87	0.078
Connecticut	2.66^a	3.25	0.029	5.02	5.75	0.302	9.54	10.96	0.342	1.03^b	1.38	0.088	2.24^b	2.77	0.076
Delaware	2.24	2.38	0.505	4.14	4.53	0.558	8.37	6.87	0.146	1.00	1.25	0.201	1.90	2.00	0.653
District of Columbia	3.40^a	4.58	0.009	4.94	6.23	0.150	11.81	14.59	0.152	1.59	2.35	0.106	3.16^a	4.32	0.023
Florida	1.70^a	2.12	0.005	4.42	5.07	0.170	6.89^b	8.29	0.084	0.62^b	0.83	0.078	1.32^a	1.69	0.018
Georgia	2.16^b	2.45	0.086	4.08^b	5.08	0.066	7.73	7.13	0.475	0.80^b	1.07	0.060	1.79	1.95	0.382
Hawaii	2.50	2.40	0.719	5.20	4.24	0.264	7.87	9.92	0.176	1.29	1.08	0.489	2.09	2.11	0.959
Idaho	2.55	2.60	0.827	4.25	4.50	0.708	9.02	7.63	0.225	0.94	1.13	0.328	2.18	2.20	0.916
Illinois	2.30	2.56	0.148	4.27	5.01	0.135	7.75	8.00	0.774	1.01	1.18	0.310	1.94	2.12	0.370
Indiana	2.28	2.47	0.278	3.98	4.75	0.186	8.88	8.03	0.379	0.82	0.98	0.244	1.96	2.05	0.670
Iowa	2.31	2.09	0.243	4.21	3.97	0.700	8.57^b	6.58	0.058	0.76	0.85	0.533	1.97	1.76	0.299
Kansas	2.46	2.50	0.850	3.77^a	5.21	0.029	8.58	7.38	0.283	1.01	0.93	0.606	2.19	1.97	0.336
Kentucky	1.95	2.07	0.482	3.73	3.99	0.621	7.22	6.03	0.163	0.73^b	0.99	0.097	1.64	1.73	0.620
Louisiana	2.19	2.16	0.853	5.09	4.49	0.358	7.35	6.73	0.506	0.70	0.86	0.215	1.66	1.72	0.725
Maine	3.03^b	3.75	0.056	4.28^b	5.66	0.067	12.58	12.65	0.973	1.47	2.05	0.127	2.79	3.36	0.189
Maryland	2.25^a	2.81	0.012	4.38	4.78	0.477	8.68	9.25	0.629	0.88^a	1.49	0.004	1.87^a	2.45	0.018
Massachusetts	3.57	3.52	0.891	4.75	5.95	0.138	12.66	12.60	0.971	1.76	1.58	0.604	3.35	3.09	0.520
Michigan	3.01	3.02	0.972	4.73	4.53	0.691	10.85	9.45	0.195	1.26	1.57	0.176	2.67	2.72	0.852
Minnesota	2.89	3.01	0.660	4.21	4.18	0.957	11.81	11.03	0.597	1.15	1.50	0.137	2.62	2.78	0.597
Mississippi	1.77	1.76	0.976	3.63	4.31	0.222	7.05^a	5.23	0.041	0.53	0.63	0.342	1.44	1.32	0.460
Missouri	2.94	2.96	0.935	4.60	4.43	0.790	10.24	8.35	0.144	1.24	1.66	0.108	2.58	2.66	0.809
Montana	3.00	3.57	0.140	3.77	4.58	0.235	11.51	12.16	0.735	1.42	1.82	0.238	2.84	3.37	0.238
Nebraska	2.30	2.27	0.878	4.30	3.90	0.534	8.42^a	6.18	0.035	0.76^a	1.11	0.043	1.92	1.95	0.916
Nevada	3.42	3.29	0.700	6.30^b	4.78	0.093	11.00	13.41	0.140	1.60	1.58	0.956	2.84	2.99	0.673
New Hampshire	2.53^a	3.06	0.046	4.31	4.77	0.492	10.20	11.09	0.520	1.06^a	1.61	0.030	2.22^b	2.76	0.071
New Jersey	2.27^a	2.70	0.045	4.28	5.14	0.146	9.11	10.11	0.390	0.96	1.21	0.202	1.93	2.30	0.127
New Mexico	3.38	3.17	0.535	7.24	6.48	0.465	13.00	12.06	0.629	1.18	1.05	0.614	2.64	2.50	0.679
New York	2.33	2.48	0.450	4.39	4.76	0.473	8.48	8.88	0.674	1.00	1.07	0.680	2.01	2.11	0.617
North Carolina	2.24	2.02	0.189	4.31	4.02	0.594	7.83	6.38	0.101	0.86	0.90	0.749	1.87	1.68	0.302
North Dakota	2.53	2.50	0.932	3.52	4.01	0.468	10.25^a	7.43	0.028	0.87	1.10	0.241	2.34	2.23	0.686
Ohio	2.54	2.81	0.148	4.96	5.37	0.422	9.16	9.45	0.751	0.92^b	1.22	0.069	2.08	2.32	0.244
Oklahoma	2.96	2.62	0.251	4.00	3.57	0.473	9.05	8.22	0.531	1.63	1.37	0.386	2.74	2.42	0.317
Oregon	4.11	4.00	0.774	4.81	5.21	0.591	14.07	12.23	0.284	2.25	2.22	0.951	3.95	3.73	0.627
Pennsylvania	2.17	2.41	0.203	4.06	4.28	0.662	8.01	6.93	0.195	0.88^a	1.27	0.019	1.86	2.09	0.253
Rhode Island	2.89	3.39	0.101	4.83	5.20	0.605	11.78	10.65	0.465	1.20^a	1.77	0.038	2.58	3.08	0.146
South Carolina	1.99	1.97	0.896	4.23	3.97	0.660	7.67	6.45	0.195	0.69	0.88	0.165	1.61	1.63	0.903
South Dakota	1.92	2.20	0.196	2.72	3.61	0.101	6.79	7.06	0.801	0.86	1.02	0.426	1.76	1.93	0.490
Tennessee	2.34	2.48	0.502	4.86	4.89	0.961	8.35	8.21	0.890	0.82	1.07	0.107	1.89	2.05	0.464
Texas	1.91	1.96	0.730	3.70	4.21	0.250	6.47	5.45	0.126	0.70	0.81	0.390	1.57	1.54	0.810
Utah	1.64^a	2.24	0.012	2.15	2.73	0.241	5.12	6.20	0.286	0.66^a	1.13	0.035	1.54^a	2.14	0.029
Vermont	4.32	4.36	0.931	6.19	5.61	0.510	15.92	14.08	0.417	1.67	2.36	0.141	3.93	4.10	0.765
Virginia	2.32^a	2.72	0.038	4.70	5.23	0.272	8.51	8.75	0.799	0.89^b	1.23	0.052	1.91^b	2.29	0.078
Washington	2.98	3.29	0.286	4.84	4.66	0.786	9.38	9.43	0.968	1.58	1.90	0.301	2.63	3.01	0.241
West Virginia	2.04	1.97	0.692	4.63	4.42	0.739	7.31	5.80	0.104	0.76	0.87	0.489	1.62	1.56	0.757
Wisconsin	2.53	2.80	0.238	5.87^b	4.68	0.061	9.53	8.80	0.540	0.82^a	1.43	0.001	1.96^a	2.45	0.049
Wyoming	2.26	2.45	0.433	3.56^b	4.80	0.085	7.88	8.17	0.817	0.87	0.96	0.599	1.98	1.99	0.984
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk of initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at-risk population. State and census region estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. These estimates include marijuana vaping. The associated Markov Chain Monte Carlo chains were used to calculate the posterior variance. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 6 – *Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	3.32	3.32	0.973	1.79	1.63	0.256	4.29	4.22	0.709	3.35	3.38	0.837	3.48	3.49	0.913
Northeast	3.45	3.45	0.987	1.77	1.47	0.189	4.98	4.70	0.562	3.40	3.47	0.777	3.60	3.63	0.900
Midwest	3.34	3.22	0.541	1.79	1.61	0.418	4.30	4.17	0.728	3.37	3.27	0.648	3.49	3.39	0.594
South	2.98	3.18	0.197	1.81	1.70	0.621	3.71	3.89	0.558	3.01	3.25	0.219	3.10	3.33	0.171
West	3.77	3.53	0.319	1.77	1.63	0.607	4.71	4.45	0.602	3.86	3.61	0.397	3.97	3.72	0.333
Alabama	3.19	3.49	0.516	1.93	1.97	0.933	3.54	3.91	0.637	3.28	3.60	0.572	3.31	3.64	0.519
Alaska	3.20	3.25	0.908	1.92	1.62	0.567	4.34	5.62	0.249	3.20	3.12	0.897	3.34	3.43	0.858
Arizona	3.16	3.26	0.834	1.89	1.65	0.599	4.09	3.90	0.818	3.16	3.34	0.751	3.29	3.42	0.800
Arkansas	3.54	3.55	0.979	1.79	1.58	0.600	4.03	3.92	0.883	3.68	3.74	0.922	3.73	3.77	0.947
California	3.69	3.44	0.499	1.71	1.66	0.891	4.51	4.34	0.816	3.80	3.51	0.524	3.89	3.62	0.500
Colorado	4.36	3.60	0.148	1.83	1.42	0.294	6.13	4.84	0.192	4.37	3.65	0.260	4.60	3.81	0.166
Connecticut	3.07	3.45	0.410	1.79	1.74	0.900	4.44	4.74	0.750	3.00	3.44	0.425	3.19	3.61	0.403
Delaware	3.42	3.58	0.753	1.88	2.00	0.797	5.62^a	3.22	0.007	3.28	3.79	0.396	3.56	3.72	0.768
District of Columbia	4.77	5.53	0.311	2.12^b	1.08	0.055	5.46	6.88	0.262	4.85	5.65	0.385	4.94	5.82	0.269
Florida	2.31^b	2.93	0.069	1.76	1.53	0.539	3.27	3.88	0.358	2.24^b	2.94	0.082	2.36^b	3.05	0.061
Georgia	3.15	3.48	0.402	1.97	1.72	0.569	3.70	3.80	0.875	3.21	3.66	0.378	3.28	3.68	0.370
Hawaii	3.24	3.32	0.882	1.96	1.88	0.900	5.31	5.33	0.992	3.11	3.22	0.863	3.36	3.45	0.871
Idaho	3.47	2.94	0.265	1.80	1.59	0.630	3.35	3.54	0.795	3.72	3.02	0.243	3.66	3.10	0.282
Illinois	3.31	3.35	0.928	1.70	1.56	0.692	3.98	3.64	0.616	3.40	3.51	0.827	3.47	3.53	0.906
Indiana	3.16	3.24	0.846	1.73	1.67	0.885	3.96	4.80	0.295	3.21	3.18	0.942	3.32	3.41	0.836
Iowa	3.56	3.00	0.193	2.06	1.37	0.108	3.99	4.01	0.977	3.68	3.02	0.231	3.72	3.17	0.250
Kansas	3.20	2.86	0.385	1.80	1.52	0.511	4.07	3.74	0.688	3.23	2.88	0.478	3.35	3.01	0.425
Kentucky	3.61	3.97	0.448	1.92	1.75	0.721	4.30	5.34	0.269	3.70	4.03	0.583	3.78	4.20	0.429
Louisiana	3.90	4.01	0.830	2.04	1.81	0.627	3.93	4.82	0.303	4.13	4.16	0.959	4.10	4.25	0.798
Maine	3.27	3.63	0.462	1.84	1.74	0.855	4.37	5.15	0.389	3.26	3.61	0.550	3.38	3.78	0.454
Maryland	3.71	3.40	0.540	1.87	1.98	0.795	4.50	3.66	0.274	3.81	3.53	0.648	3.89	3.54	0.525
Massachusetts	3.74	3.68	0.909	1.86	1.84	0.970	5.50	5.84	0.754	3.64	3.52	0.833	3.90	3.84	0.909
Michigan	2.94	2.93	0.958	1.70	1.85	0.707	3.81	4.04	0.734	2.95	2.87	0.856	3.07	3.03	0.925
Minnesota	3.45	3.28	0.691	2.03	1.50	0.237	5.24	5.67	0.698	3.35	3.13	0.676	3.60	3.46	0.775
Mississippi	2.91	2.89	0.957	1.80	2.12	0.533	3.17	3.44	0.699	3.02	2.90	0.814	3.04	2.98	0.887
Missouri	3.52	3.76	0.640	1.87	1.78	0.828	4.13	4.04	0.907	3.63	3.95	0.602	3.69	3.96	0.626
Montana	3.55	3.36	0.684	1.81	1.72	0.842	4.53	5.31	0.417	3.60	3.25	0.537	3.72	3.52	0.692
Nebraska	3.12	2.83	0.463	1.91	1.62	0.520	4.10	3.74	0.649	3.12	2.84	0.569	3.26	2.97	0.504
Nevada	4.27	3.83	0.447	1.76	1.61	0.739	4.62	4.33	0.757	4.51	4.00	0.481	4.52	4.05	0.458
New Hampshire	3.98	3.46	0.302	1.77	1.35	0.309	6.48	4.72	0.106	3.84	3.49	0.548	4.17	3.64	0.330
New Jersey	3.08	2.78	0.456	1.74	1.20	0.135	4.06	4.45	0.658	3.09	2.72	0.444	3.21	2.94	0.533
New Mexico	3.90	4.09	0.765	1.77	1.96	0.729	4.95	4.30	0.513	4.00	4.31	0.685	4.13	4.31	0.791
New York	3.39	3.67	0.490	1.65	1.28	0.249	5.47	4.86	0.477	3.25	3.73	0.331	3.54	3.88	0.446
North Carolina	3.01	3.01	0.994	1.97	1.61	0.408	3.22	3.61	0.537	3.10	3.08	0.973	3.11	3.15	0.930
North Dakota	3.30	2.84	0.293	1.75	1.36	0.356	4.03	3.78	0.766	3.36	2.85	0.337	3.46	2.99	0.331
Ohio	3.70	3.58	0.750	1.74	1.61	0.716	5.12	4.12	0.157	3.72	3.72	0.991	3.90	3.78	0.770
Oklahoma	3.30	2.99	0.463	1.83	1.30	0.193	3.31	3.66	0.621	3.50	3.10	0.464	3.47	3.18	0.540
Oregon	4.41	4.71	0.640	1.86	1.70	0.742	5.73	5.12	0.572	4.49	4.96	0.544	4.64	4.98	0.628
Pennsylvania	3.67	3.46	0.624	1.87	1.63	0.509	4.49	3.77	0.300	3.74	3.61	0.803	3.84	3.63	0.656
Rhode Island	4.07	3.49	0.281	2.18	1.80	0.456	5.96	5.40	0.634	3.94	3.35	0.349	4.23	3.63	0.302
South Carolina	3.15	3.35	0.675	1.88	1.75	0.764	4.23	4.13	0.905	3.14	3.41	0.631	3.28	3.51	0.654
South Dakota	3.49	2.84	0.176	1.93	1.57	0.456	4.00	3.73	0.740	3.61	2.85	0.208	3.66	2.98	0.198
Tennessee	3.77	3.39	0.411	1.87	1.69	0.673	4.68	4.91	0.804	3.85	3.36	0.381	3.96	3.56	0.428
Texas	2.49	2.77	0.332	1.57	1.74	0.643	3.26	3.31	0.928	2.48	2.82	0.350	2.60	2.89	0.361
Utah	3.82^a	2.85	0.018	1.58	1.32	0.476	4.28	3.90	0.630	4.11^a	2.87	0.023	4.14^a	3.06	0.020
Vermont	3.52	3.43	0.843	2.04	1.79	0.616	5.60	6.21	0.645	3.33	3.15	0.747	3.65	3.56	0.873
Virginia	3.23	3.17	0.871	2.01	1.61	0.303	4.73	4.32	0.582	3.13	3.17	0.933	3.35	3.32	0.951
Washington	3.94	3.83	0.837	1.93	1.65	0.544	5.38	5.30	0.939	3.95	3.86	0.881	4.13	4.04	0.871
West Virginia	3.99	4.49	0.433	1.90	1.88	0.975	4.52	4.99	0.633	4.13	4.69	0.468	4.18	4.73	0.429
Wisconsin	3.22	2.67	0.154	1.80	1.43	0.362	4.39	4.17	0.783	3.20	2.58	0.184	3.36	2.80	0.175
Wyoming	3.61	2.85	0.116	1.88	1.75	0.808	3.61	3.78	0.824	3.82	2.84	0.101	3.80	2.97	0.119
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 7 – *Cocaine Use in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	1.79	1.82	0.620	0.14	0.20	0.152	3.69	3.40	0.153	1.68	1.76	0.304	1.95	1.98	0.689
Northeast	2.03	1.99	0.802	0.15	0.19	0.542	3.99	3.88	0.800	1.93	1.89	0.830	2.20	2.15	0.779
Midwest	1.70	1.79	0.475	0.16	0.20	0.589	3.62	3.40	0.494	1.58	1.73	0.355	1.86	1.96	0.497
South	1.53	1.58	0.676	0.14	0.18	0.567	2.98	2.81	0.529	1.48	1.56	0.568	1.68	1.73	0.702
West	2.09	2.10	0.942	0.14	0.24	0.172	4.69	4.00	0.152	1.92	2.03	0.633	2.29	2.29	0.992
Alabama	1.37	1.41	0.865	0.18	0.15	0.717	2.49	2.30	0.697	1.33	1.41	0.784	1.49	1.54	0.856
Alaska	1.31	1.30	0.929	0.11	0.18	0.390	3.06	2.75	0.619	1.22	1.23	0.965	1.45	1.42	0.898
Arizona	1.69	2.00	0.246	0.12	0.24	0.158	4.01	3.91	0.895	1.51	1.91	0.237	1.85	2.18	0.269
Arkansas	1.26	1.38	0.621	0.16	0.16	0.995	2.44	2.04	0.416	1.21	1.42	0.475	1.38	1.51	0.624
California	2.29	2.22	0.813	0.13	0.25	0.213	4.98	4.06	0.211	2.13	2.17	0.916	2.51	2.42	0.780
Colorado	2.79	2.48	0.442	0.14	0.24	0.286	6.49	4.93	0.160	2.53	2.36	0.726	3.06	2.70	0.423
Connecticut	2.08	2.11	0.935	0.15	0.24	0.393	3.93	4.29	0.698	2.00	1.97	0.940	2.26	2.28	0.960
Delaware	2.01	1.57	0.107	0.21	0.18	0.738	4.18^a	2.79	0.048	1.91	1.55	0.295	2.18	1.70	0.111
District of Columbia	2.63	3.35	0.169	0.09	0.05	0.462	4.31^a	6.93	0.049	2.54	2.98	0.455	2.79	3.56	0.165
Florida	1.43	1.57	0.573	0.14	0.18	0.560	2.76	3.37	0.289	1.38	1.47	0.780	1.54	1.68	0.587
Georgia	1.46	1.59	0.568	0.13	0.16	0.671	3.03	3.07	0.938	1.37	1.54	0.581	1.61	1.75	0.581
Hawaii	1.90	1.50	0.190	0.11	0.20	0.385	4.91	3.62	0.217	1.70	1.38	0.358	2.06	1.62	0.182
Idaho	1.58	1.61	0.878	0.17	0.23	0.563	3.89	3.30	0.411	1.39	1.51	0.664	1.75	1.77	0.914
Illinois	1.99	2.34	0.272	0.16	0.25	0.426	3.80	4.04	0.713	1.93	2.32	0.323	2.18	2.55	0.288
Indiana	1.39	1.40	0.961	0.15	0.18	0.657	2.75	2.64	0.841	1.31	1.34	0.920	1.52	1.53	0.975
Iowa	1.41	1.55	0.524	0.16	0.20	0.718	3.27	3.17	0.885	1.25	1.44	0.486	1.55	1.70	0.536
Kansas	1.36	1.57	0.329	0.16	0.21	0.573	3.45	3.12	0.623	1.15	1.48	0.231	1.49	1.72	0.344
Kentucky	1.60	1.69	0.741	0.14	0.19	0.583	2.60	3.13	0.369	1.62	1.65	0.939	1.75	1.84	0.754
Louisiana	2.03	1.95	0.800	0.18	0.15	0.770	3.11	2.63	0.430	2.10	2.07	0.948	2.23	2.14	0.807
Maine	2.04	2.01	0.923	0.17	0.20	0.776	4.35	5.38	0.303	1.92	1.75	0.650	2.19	2.15	0.911
Maryland	1.90^b	1.43	0.068	0.12	0.16	0.511	4.04^b	2.75	0.056	1.80	1.39	0.199	2.08^b	1.56	0.067
Massachusetts	2.42	2.27	0.687	0.20	0.23	0.748	4.97	5.39	0.680	2.23	1.97	0.552	2.61	2.45	0.678
Michigan	1.48	1.72	0.324	0.15	0.18	0.726	2.79	3.16	0.486	1.43	1.66	0.422	1.61	1.86	0.333
Minnesota	1.64	1.56	0.742	0.15	0.20	0.603	4.79	3.59	0.153	1.34	1.42	0.772	1.80	1.71	0.726
Mississippi	1.36	1.43	0.745	0.08	0.14	0.264	2.73	2.18	0.288	1.31	1.48	0.545	1.51	1.58	0.773
Missouri	1.45	1.70	0.285	0.19	0.18	0.957	3.39	3.14	0.691	1.29	1.66	0.225	1.57	1.86	0.288
Montana	1.52	1.92	0.108	0.20	0.20	0.958	4.14	4.84	0.418	1.27	1.67	0.166	1.65	2.09	0.110
Nebraska	1.51	1.52	0.953	0.13	0.20	0.381	3.70	3.00	0.318	1.32	1.44	0.641	1.67	1.67	0.983
Nevada	1.77	1.76	0.969	0.11	0.23	0.116	3.53	3.23	0.643	1.72	1.73	0.972	1.94	1.91	0.930
New Hampshire	1.27^a	2.06	0.002	0.16	0.25	0.390	4.59	5.83	0.254	0.92^a	1.71	0.004	1.37^a	2.21	0.002
New Jersey	1.54	1.34	0.382	0.14	0.18	0.584	3.71	2.91	0.222	1.40	1.25	0.608	1.68	1.45	0.373
New Mexico	1.82	2.06	0.460	0.12	0.31	0.108	3.43	3.78	0.651	1.77	2.00	0.577	2.00	2.24	0.500
New York	2.17	2.27	0.760	0.16	0.18	0.775	4.00	3.58	0.526	2.10	2.28	0.648	2.35	2.45	0.768
North Carolina	1.69	1.77	0.751	0.11	0.17	0.376	2.74	3.23	0.400	1.71	1.73	0.948	1.85	1.93	0.771
North Dakota	1.45	1.50	0.849	0.12	0.16	0.670	3.15	3.15	1.000	1.30	1.34	0.872	1.59	1.64	0.859
Ohio	2.16	1.97	0.499	0.18	0.19	0.955	4.40	3.59	0.228	2.05	1.93	0.724	2.36	2.15	0.497
Oklahoma	1.59	1.51	0.707	0.15	0.20	0.557	3.23	2.80	0.472	1.50	1.46	0.878	1.75	1.65	0.692
Oregon	2.03^b	2.80	0.052	0.14	0.24	0.246	4.90	5.50	0.588	1.82^b	2.69	0.069	2.20^b	3.03	0.056
Pennsylvania	1.94	1.77	0.534	0.12	0.17	0.380	3.45	3.38	0.917	1.91	1.70	0.519	2.11	1.92	0.520
Rhode Island	2.48	2.28	0.584	0.17	0.25	0.447	4.00	4.98	0.275	2.45	2.04	0.349	2.67	2.45	0.568
South Carolina	1.68	1.67	0.988	0.14	0.16	0.851	3.27	2.77	0.391	1.62	1.68	0.846	1.83	1.82	0.982
South Dakota	1.26	1.50	0.244	0.11	0.21	0.276	3.48	3.39	0.911	1.05	1.36	0.232	1.39	1.64	0.268
Tennessee	1.55	1.61	0.819	0.13	0.16	0.676	3.35	2.86	0.413	1.44	1.59	0.652	1.69	1.75	0.829
Texas	1.31	1.52	0.311	0.14	0.21	0.433	2.73	2.18	0.237	1.23	1.59	0.170	1.45	1.68	0.333
Utah	1.33	1.21	0.614	0.17	0.21	0.736	2.89	2.31	0.358	1.18	1.13	0.863	1.50	1.35	0.595
Vermont	2.78	2.39	0.415	0.16	0.19	0.706	4.96	6.86	0.160	2.67	1.89	0.154	2.99	2.56	0.409
Virginia	1.86	1.48	0.107	0.18	0.16	0.825	3.86	3.33	0.413	1.74	1.34	0.158	2.03	1.61	0.108
Washington	1.85	1.83	0.941	0.14	0.22	0.359	4.73	3.86	0.276	1.63	1.72	0.758	2.01	1.98	0.917
West Virginia	1.61	1.74	0.629	0.16	0.15	0.890	2.86	3.69	0.289	1.57	1.63	0.887	1.74	1.89	0.627
Wisconsin	1.71	1.60	0.653	0.13	0.19	0.429	3.71	3.55	0.803	1.58	1.46	0.689	1.87	1.74	0.632
Wyoming	1.17^b	1.55	0.061	0.13	0.21	0.428	2.97	3.61	0.344	1.03	1.40	0.146	1.29^b	1.69	0.069
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 8 – *Perceptions of Great Risk from Using Cocaine Once a Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	66.08^a	65.40	0.013	49.31	48.50	0.127	58.74	58.11	0.208	69.16^a	68.46	0.032	67.76^a	67.07	0.020
Northeast	64.25	64.50	0.633	48.78	47.47	0.136	56.66	57.70	0.300	66.99	67.27	0.680	65.64	66.02	0.518
Midwest	65.50^a	64.66	0.029	48.43^b	46.81	0.053	58.16	56.90	0.148	68.69	67.98	0.131	67.25^b	66.46	0.063
South	69.61^a	68.59	0.004	51.15	50.96	0.803	62.36^b	60.71	0.053	72.93^a	71.89	0.018	71.51^a	70.38	0.004
West	62.23	61.53	0.153	47.41	46.60	0.403	54.93	55.23	0.784	65.11	64.23	0.135	63.74	63.02	0.179
Alabama	72.11^a	69.85	0.032	53.38	53.71	0.871	66.70	63.73	0.121	75.15^b	72.70	0.061	74.00^a	71.46	0.028
Alaska	59.00	59.48	0.717	46.81^b	43.07	0.090	49.75	53.57	0.107	61.88	62.38	0.756	60.35	61.29	0.520
Arizona	66.24^a	62.47	0.004	48.32	45.57	0.188	59.15	56.17	0.158	69.50^a	65.42	0.012	68.07^a	64.15	0.006
Arkansas	72.98^a	69.67	0.006	51.94	51.55	0.863	65.21	62.40	0.159	76.85^a	73.07	0.011	75.24^a	71.59	0.005
California	62.24	62.66	0.577	47.64	46.96	0.653	55.03	55.80	0.629	65.07	65.53	0.612	63.72	64.22	0.537
Colorado	59.01^b	56.53	0.054	44.79	43.03	0.399	48.97	49.34	0.877	62.15^a	59.12	0.049	60.38^b	57.80	0.063
Connecticut	66.47^a	62.58	0.002	47.14^a	41.44	0.012	57.73	54.71	0.206	69.96^a	66.07	0.010	68.30^a	64.55	0.006
Delaware	66.80	65.18	0.190	48.21	47.41	0.694	59.94	59.31	0.756	69.70	67.84	0.211	68.52	66.81	0.201
District of Columbia	54.25	53.72	0.707	51.09^b	46.99	0.073	51.02	53.35	0.344	55.02	54.28	0.655	54.44	54.15	0.841
Florida	71.87^a	69.92	0.014	51.56	49.54	0.184	64.21^a	60.09	0.009	74.86^b	73.18	0.075	73.62^a	71.66	0.021
Georgia	71.05^b	69.36	0.085	50.79	52.34	0.402	63.59	62.81	0.670	74.87^b	72.58	0.059	73.29^b	71.22	0.052
Hawaii	65.31	64.90	0.777	44.91	45.70	0.738	52.48^b	57.07	0.063	68.96	67.77	0.494	67.12	66.60	0.741
Idaho	62.78	62.85	0.951	46.11	47.09	0.641	57.29	56.40	0.679	65.98	66.07	0.952	64.73	64.65	0.951
Illinois	64.75^a	62.42	0.016	48.92^a	44.77	0.025	59.55^b	56.18	0.052	67.41^b	65.42	0.091	66.36^a	64.19	0.038
Indiana	68.84	69.12	0.787	49.99	49.47	0.800	60.64	60.21	0.820	72.59	73.07	0.705	70.86	71.21	0.753
Iowa	64.34	63.41	0.468	45.07	46.35	0.538	55.86	56.91	0.635	68.19	66.63	0.323	66.37	65.19	0.401
Kansas	66.76	65.91	0.431	48.47	47.39	0.594	56.37	55.75	0.774	70.98	70.12	0.517	68.81	67.97	0.479
Kentucky	69.33	68.38	0.358	53.13	53.49	0.870	63.54	60.18	0.106	72.14	71.38	0.551	70.98	69.89	0.336
Louisiana	70.53	70.17	0.739	55.16	55.77	0.759	65.47	65.64	0.935	73.21	72.64	0.661	72.16	71.69	0.686
Maine	64.75	63.56	0.410	49.23	48.23	0.631	55.45	54.52	0.682	67.34	66.07	0.451	66.01	64.78	0.427
Maryland	65.51	64.52	0.407	47.79	46.61	0.551	58.72	55.72	0.172	68.51	67.81	0.637	67.27	66.30	0.459
Massachusetts	61.92	60.20	0.177	48.75	46.83	0.380	53.55	54.43	0.696	64.60	62.44	0.170	63.05	61.33	0.212
Michigan	65.77	66.65	0.303	50.21^b	47.62	0.098	60.17	61.04	0.576	68.39	69.61	0.230	67.27	68.46	0.198
Minnesota	58.49	60.14	0.230	44.14	40.84	0.148	50.37	50.94	0.812	61.45	63.85	0.151	59.99	62.14	0.149
Mississippi	74.48	73.65	0.418	56.00	58.50	0.230	66.02	65.93	0.963	78.28	76.89	0.271	76.55	75.33	0.274
Missouri	65.64	65.56	0.946	48.13	48.78	0.757	59.86	58.74	0.627	68.60	68.58	0.988	67.42	67.25	0.898
Montana	63.41^b	60.82	0.053	47.79	46.05	0.456	53.17	49.99	0.211	66.70	64.07	0.105	64.90^b	62.21	0.064
Nebraska	63.57	63.38	0.874	43.18	41.85	0.526	53.10	51.73	0.550	68.07	68.22	0.917	65.87	65.79	0.955
Nevada	64.01	63.36	0.601	46.55	44.94	0.465	57.98	59.14	0.599	66.84	66.00	0.578	65.76	65.17	0.665
New Hampshire	60.56	61.07	0.724	45.55	44.64	0.666	50.69	53.59	0.242	63.38	63.61	0.893	61.82	62.40	0.704
New Jersey	65.58	66.86	0.240	49.29	48.10	0.522	56.69	59.01	0.232	68.68	70.06	0.292	67.18	68.69	0.209
New Mexico	64.54	64.48	0.959	48.90	48.74	0.941	55.83	57.77	0.401	67.82	67.40	0.780	66.18	66.09	0.945
New York	63.36	64.19	0.371	48.29	47.81	0.760	57.02	58.58	0.347	65.84	66.67	0.458	64.69	65.62	0.356
North Carolina	67.98	66.63	0.185	49.48	47.85	0.389	60.27	58.25	0.312	71.31	70.07	0.334	69.83	68.48	0.231
North Dakota	65.00	64.19	0.536	46.46	45.27	0.595	53.78	57.38	0.127	69.44	67.88	0.336	66.93	66.17	0.592
Ohio	68.11^a	66.17	0.019	49.78	49.41	0.820	59.50	57.43	0.184	71.54^a	69.41	0.034	69.95^a	67.83	0.018
Oklahoma	67.93	66.35	0.192	51.11	51.35	0.907	61.38	59.75	0.490	71.23	69.42	0.222	69.80	68.00	0.175
Oregon	56.23	56.32	0.950	46.30	45.97	0.883	50.43	52.29	0.417	58.09	57.94	0.931	57.13	57.24	0.945
Pennsylvania	66.02	67.36	0.176	50.08	49.13	0.562	58.49	59.74	0.482	68.82	70.40	0.184	67.48	69.02	0.152
Rhode Island	64.04^a	61.09	0.032	48.10^b	43.72	0.051	59.52^a	54.40	0.029	66.33	63.82	0.133	65.37^b	62.51	0.054
South Carolina	70.49	69.53	0.426	55.50	55.97	0.832	63.79	62.87	0.671	73.17	72.04	0.447	71.95	70.85	0.399
South Dakota	65.02	64.45	0.653	47.00	45.02	0.390	55.10	53.74	0.561	68.97	68.71	0.866	67.03	66.59	0.749
Tennessee	70.21^b	68.19	0.081	52.40^a	48.43	0.046	63.44^a	57.39	0.005	73.28	72.08	0.401	71.99	70.15	0.149
Texas	68.47	69.04	0.424	50.09	50.98	0.571	61.31	61.57	0.857	72.27	72.82	0.541	70.65	71.15	0.522
Utah	66.06	65.08	0.336	48.67	51.58	0.155	58.76	59.58	0.710	70.63	68.57	0.107	68.46	66.91	0.170
Vermont	57.43	56.92	0.728	45.66	45.46	0.931	49.47	49.89	0.867	59.81	59.06	0.680	58.37	57.82	0.728
Virginia	67.07	66.36	0.462	49.14	49.88	0.665	58.38	58.14	0.900	70.45	69.48	0.408	68.83	67.97	0.410
Washington	60.49^a	57.77	0.031	47.67	46.07	0.437	53.86	52.98	0.687	62.82^a	59.69	0.039	61.70^a	58.86	0.037
West Virginia	70.96	70.09	0.460	52.40	51.61	0.718	62.55	63.18	0.772	74.11	73.00	0.440	72.64	71.75	0.485
Wisconsin	65.03^a	61.90	0.008	48.76	47.60	0.561	56.83^a	52.85	0.050	68.18^a	64.93	0.022	66.63^a	63.29	0.009
Wyoming	64.77	64.48	0.832	49.53	50.37	0.702	57.63	55.69	0.390	67.77	67.58	0.909	66.42	65.98	0.771
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 9 – *Heroin Use in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.18^a	0.12	0.029	0.45^a	0.36	0.015	0.42^a	0.33	0.008
Northeast	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.22	0.13	0.227	0.53	0.45	0.425	0.49	0.41	0.353
Midwest	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.21	0.949	0.43	0.34	0.160	0.40	0.32	0.186
South	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.16	0.07	0.162	0.49^b	0.36	0.075	0.45^b	0.32	0.056
West	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.17	0.10	0.286	0.37	0.33	0.552	0.34	0.29	0.465
Alabama	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.14	0.05	0.186	0.49^a	0.27	0.034	0.44^a	0.24	0.023
Alaska	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.30	0.23	0.682	0.65	0.88	0.626	0.61	0.80	0.642
Arizona	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.17	0.11	0.491	0.29	0.37	0.396	0.28	0.34	0.455
Arkansas	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.15	0.08	0.359	0.45^a	0.21	0.009	0.41^a	0.19	0.006
California	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.15	0.06	0.186	0.36	0.28	0.451	0.33	0.25	0.367
Colorado	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.16	0.16	0.953	0.28	0.28	0.940	0.27	0.26	0.948
Connecticut	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20	0.17	0.798	0.42	0.46	0.789	0.39	0.42	0.813
Delaware	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.48^a	0.06	0.007	0.71	0.63	0.741	0.68	0.56	0.578
District of Columbia	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.10	0.06	0.602	0.59	0.66	0.776	0.52	0.57	0.797
Florida	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.13	0.07	0.388	0.26	0.28	0.794	0.24	0.25	0.880
Georgia	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.13	0.03	0.141	0.49	0.40	0.474	0.44	0.34	0.407
Hawaii	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.29^a	0.04	0.049	0.49^a	0.25	0.037	0.47^a	0.23	0.019
Idaho	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.18	0.769	0.37	0.30	0.524	0.34	0.29	0.490
Illinois	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.16	0.07	0.209	0.59^b	0.36	0.083	0.53^b	0.33	0.065
Indiana	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.23	0.21	0.897	0.49	0.46	0.849	0.45	0.43	0.836
Iowa	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20	0.31	0.399	0.33	0.24	0.287	0.31	0.25	0.475
Kansas	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.17	0.13	0.672	0.25	0.25	0.975	0.24	0.23	0.910
Kentucky	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.26	0.26	0.985	1.12^a	0.53	0.025	1.00^a	0.49	0.023
Louisiana	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.19	0.05	0.102	0.86	0.63	0.305	0.77	0.55	0.261
Maine	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.49	0.55	0.847	0.77^a	0.34	0.005	0.74^a	0.36	0.009
Maryland	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.26^b	0.08	0.080	0.89	0.87	0.963	0.81	0.77	0.913
Massachusetts	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.26	0.17	0.484	0.92	0.66	0.246	0.83	0.59	0.226
Michigan	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.18	0.739	0.32	0.35	0.733	0.30	0.32	0.777
Minnesota	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.33	0.426	0.44	0.36	0.434	0.41	0.35	0.560
Mississippi	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.11	0.04	0.215	0.57^a	0.25	0.006	0.50^a	0.22	0.004
Missouri	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20	0.15	0.619	0.47	0.31	0.120	0.43	0.29	0.107
Montana	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.27	0.42	0.427	0.36	0.26	0.211	0.35	0.28	0.388
Nebraska	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.19	0.21	0.848	0.42	0.31	0.236	0.38	0.29	0.262
Nevada	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.16	0.10	0.465	0.36	0.38	0.836	0.33	0.35	0.900
New Hampshire	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.27	0.57	0.177	0.39	0.46	0.579	0.38	0.47	0.406
New Jersey	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.22^b	0.06	0.065	0.61	0.56	0.785	0.56	0.50	0.690
New Mexico	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.14	0.15	0.891	0.44	0.34	0.335	0.40	0.31	0.347
New York	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.18	0.07	0.152	0.42	0.42	0.994	0.39	0.37	0.881
North Carolina	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20^b	0.07	0.090	0.63^a	0.37	0.043	0.57^a	0.33	0.028
North Dakota	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.37	0.328	0.46^a	0.25	0.022	0.42^b	0.27	0.084
Ohio	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.25	0.22	0.742	0.41	0.33	0.482	0.39	0.32	0.462
Oklahoma	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20	0.10	0.265	0.40	0.32	0.353	0.37	0.29	0.262
Oregon	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.17	0.718	0.40	0.48	0.492	0.37	0.44	0.525
Pennsylvania	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.25	0.11	0.129	0.41	0.33	0.464	0.39	0.30	0.346
Rhode Island	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.22	0.31	0.539	0.71^a	0.37	0.023	0.64^a	0.36	0.036
South Carolina	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20	0.08	0.138	0.70^a	0.30	0.002	0.63^a	0.28	0.001
South Dakota	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.35	0.352	0.48	0.32	0.201	0.44	0.33	0.301
Tennessee	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.24	0.18	0.617	0.74^a	0.34	0.003	0.68^a	0.32	0.003
Texas	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.10	0.03	0.228	0.26	0.29	0.663	0.23	0.26	0.761
Utah	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.22	0.08	0.146	0.47	0.40	0.629	0.42	0.34	0.482
Vermont	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.29	0.73	0.117	0.73^b	0.40	0.062	0.67	0.44	0.176
Virginia	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.17^b	0.05	0.095	0.42	0.29	0.183	0.39	0.25	0.133
Washington	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.18	0.11	0.470	0.44	0.35	0.432	0.41	0.32	0.383
West Virginia	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.37	0.64	0.433	1.10	0.62	0.115	1.01	0.62	0.147
Wisconsin	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.20	0.42	0.186	0.31	0.25	0.404	0.30	0.27	0.713
Wyoming	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.21	0.30	0.491	0.42	0.41	0.975	0.39	0.40	0.953
-- = not available. NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2022 and 2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 10 – *Perceptions of Great Risk from Trying Heroin Once or Twice:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	81.95^a	81.47	0.016	56.44^a	55.18	0.022	77.94^a	76.54	0.001	85.50	85.22	0.234	84.48^a	84.05	0.042
Northeast	81.66	81.63	0.944	55.79	54.56	0.226	78.26	77.73	0.473	84.83	84.96	0.771	83.97	84.02	0.908
Midwest	81.62	81.12	0.125	55.62^a	53.33	0.004	77.93^a	75.82	0.000	85.26	85.19	0.856	84.26	83.91	0.314
South	83.39^b	82.93	0.081	57.84	56.71	0.131	78.93^a	77.61	0.018	87.10	86.82	0.359	86.00	85.58	0.128
West	80.11^a	79.31	0.028	55.28	54.70	0.527	76.11^a	74.56	0.045	83.62^b	82.85	0.086	82.61^a	81.74	0.028
Alabama	83.70	83.31	0.605	59.78	59.20	0.786	78.86	78.51	0.834	87.23	86.85	0.674	86.08	85.70	0.628
Alaska	79.77^a	76.17	0.001	54.56	51.05	0.161	72.78	71.91	0.670	83.96^a	79.91	0.002	82.56^a	78.92	0.001
Arizona	82.96^a	80.57	0.009	57.51	53.86	0.115	78.04^a	73.76	0.033	86.73^b	84.70	0.054	85.53^a	83.19	0.016
Arkansas	83.65^b	82.06	0.056	58.80	56.61	0.360	79.25	78.08	0.495	87.41	85.81	0.101	86.28^b	84.73	0.079
California	79.74	79.34	0.481	55.32	55.31	0.994	75.92	74.36	0.200	83.17	82.85	0.647	82.19	81.71	0.436
Colorado	80.14	78.76	0.110	53.62	53.40	0.923	74.91	74.93	0.989	83.89^b	82.09	0.094	82.69^b	81.13	0.095
Connecticut	81.20	80.37	0.359	51.08	51.24	0.946	77.48	76.38	0.595	85.06	84.07	0.356	84.03	83.04	0.309
Delaware	82.93	82.57	0.654	54.90	55.77	0.701	79.37	77.51	0.271	86.33	86.03	0.741	85.50	85.00	0.560
District of Columbia	78.52	76.92	0.160	56.04	52.55	0.158	76.70	75.97	0.723	80.46	78.89	0.245	79.91	78.46	0.229
Florida	85.69^a	84.47	0.031	57.62	55.26	0.157	78.70^a	75.21	0.009	89.31	88.46	0.194	88.09^b	86.93	0.052
Georgia	83.09	82.15	0.184	56.86	55.45	0.452	78.43	77.72	0.617	87.19	86.24	0.262	85.96	85.05	0.222
Hawaii	79.03	78.63	0.733	48.82	50.78	0.437	69.49	72.54	0.165	83.20	82.11	0.423	81.68	81.07	0.622
Idaho	80.24	79.58	0.510	54.38	52.51	0.437	80.03^a	76.25	0.048	83.80	83.76	0.974	83.25	82.65	0.578
Illinois	81.44	80.22	0.112	55.43	52.76	0.126	78.33^a	75.36	0.033	84.95	84.13	0.381	84.06	82.96	0.182
Indiana	82.39	82.64	0.734	56.85	55.45	0.540	79.78^b	77.24	0.079	86.01	86.90	0.288	85.10	85.51	0.592
Iowa	79.43	79.15	0.766	52.99	52.96	0.991	75.01	73.86	0.555	83.45	83.26	0.870	82.20	81.87	0.745
Kansas	80.70	80.24	0.596	55.22	55.00	0.924	76.25	76.45	0.914	84.81	84.19	0.557	83.54	83.03	0.591
Kentucky	83.97	83.21	0.340	59.15	58.96	0.934	81.95	80.20	0.247	87.19	86.50	0.460	86.48	85.66	0.325
Louisiana	83.65	83.73	0.925	59.31	58.28	0.625	79.25	80.44	0.456	87.32	87.35	0.972	86.23	86.41	0.825
Maine	82.23	81.42	0.387	53.72	54.99	0.565	79.04	78.50	0.772	85.21	84.13	0.323	84.53	83.50	0.301
Maryland	82.01	81.88	0.883	55.15	54.97	0.931	77.13	75.49	0.378	85.74	85.82	0.936	84.66	84.54	0.894
Massachusetts	81.05	79.58	0.133	56.34	54.73	0.542	77.94	77.20	0.663	84.00	82.37	0.172	83.15	81.65	0.150
Michigan	80.88	81.51	0.320	56.25^a	51.68	0.006	76.70	75.81	0.509	84.26^b	85.66	0.063	83.23	84.33	0.103
Minnesota	78.75	77.24	0.173	53.06^a	47.47	0.031	75.48	72.49	0.173	82.32	81.49	0.529	81.42	80.30	0.349
Mississippi	83.62	83.57	0.948	61.58	59.75	0.378	78.99	80.85	0.273	87.22	87.07	0.865	86.06	86.18	0.877
Missouri	82.96	83.91	0.231	55.36	58.15	0.218	79.46	79.91	0.800	86.73	87.52	0.401	85.75	86.49	0.379
Montana	81.95^b	80.40	0.088	55.34	53.59	0.468	76.95	74.74	0.293	85.62	84.15	0.169	84.47	82.90	0.108
Nebraska	79.58	78.86	0.442	50.99	49.47	0.536	72.97^b	69.01	0.056	84.47	84.40	0.948	82.78	82.13	0.517
Nevada	82.80	82.35	0.606	56.84	54.77	0.384	74.78	73.64	0.549	86.83	86.59	0.813	85.38	85.04	0.717
New Hampshire	81.72	82.00	0.766	55.98	53.73	0.319	77.91	77.89	0.989	84.67	85.15	0.673	83.84	84.27	0.673
New Jersey	82.76	83.36	0.463	57.20	55.50	0.421	79.54	79.90	0.814	86.06	86.92	0.373	85.25	86.05	0.358
New Mexico	82.02	81.73	0.750	59.26	61.01	0.466	76.67^b	80.34	0.051	85.61	84.38	0.256	84.39	83.83	0.564
New York	80.99	80.58	0.536	55.07	53.44	0.329	76.63	75.96	0.611	84.26	83.98	0.719	83.27	82.93	0.634
North Carolina	82.86	82.04	0.307	57.73	56.85	0.682	79.24	79.59	0.823	86.30	85.26	0.285	85.35	84.50	0.320
North Dakota	81.01^b	79.16	0.054	52.74	49.41	0.182	75.56	73.14	0.209	85.54	84.04	0.209	83.93	82.25	0.110
Ohio	84.12^a	82.67	0.016	57.80	55.57	0.188	80.56^a	77.91	0.027	87.67^b	86.45	0.087	86.72^a	85.33	0.030
Oklahoma	81.10	80.62	0.584	58.34^b	54.12	0.065	75.76	76.38	0.741	84.94	84.77	0.870	83.60	83.54	0.945
Oregon	78.19	77.69	0.633	53.43	53.71	0.911	74.52	74.30	0.912	81.24	80.57	0.592	80.41	79.79	0.591
Pennsylvania	82.33^a	83.71	0.037	57.29	56.62	0.696	80.32	80.01	0.807	85.25^a	87.06	0.019	84.61^a	86.14	0.030
Rhode Island	82.04	81.01	0.277	53.87	52.91	0.697	79.46^a	75.38	0.038	85.16	84.55	0.578	84.36	83.27	0.275
South Carolina	84.14	84.73	0.481	61.66	59.63	0.395	80.24	79.58	0.701	87.22	88.27	0.278	86.32	87.14	0.353
South Dakota	80.36	79.01	0.165	57.12^a	51.26	0.017	74.88	72.43	0.239	84.24	83.63	0.610	82.93	82.04	0.404
Tennessee	83.04	82.36	0.407	56.94^b	52.59	0.058	77.61	75.10	0.173	86.83	86.83	0.997	85.62	85.29	0.705
Texas	82.45	82.62	0.736	57.93	57.78	0.920	79.81	78.01	0.114	86.30	86.81	0.413	85.33	85.50	0.758
Utah	79.46	78.24	0.146	57.46	55.73	0.426	79.05	77.21	0.265	83.26	82.20	0.313	82.48	81.28	0.179
Vermont	79.93^a	77.57	0.026	53.66	52.24	0.542	75.52	74.13	0.488	83.06^a	80.39	0.034	82.02^a	79.54	0.029
Virginia	82.94	82.83	0.863	54.98	56.62	0.319	77.70	77.02	0.644	86.91	86.65	0.746	85.67	85.37	0.656
Washington	78.89	77.95	0.306	53.35	53.15	0.929	75.72	73.23	0.189	82.07	81.23	0.445	81.28	80.24	0.294
West Virginia	84.29	83.33	0.239	61.00	59.61	0.550	79.76	79.71	0.975	87.33	86.27	0.281	86.37	85.43	0.288
Wisconsin	81.36	81.15	0.813	55.50	52.58	0.165	77.73^a	74.12	0.040	84.87	85.46	0.574	83.89	83.91	0.982
Wyoming	80.46	80.19	0.774	56.23	54.93	0.605	76.94	76.06	0.652	84.01	83.92	0.941	83.06	82.87	0.846
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 11 – *Hallucinogen Use in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	2.86^a	3.06	0.013	1.42	1.44	0.860	7.53	7.20	0.185	2.31^a	2.61	0.001	3.01^a	3.22	0.013
Northeast	2.67^a	3.32	0.001	1.10	1.37	0.160	7.43	8.25	0.207	2.12^a	2.79	0.003	2.81^a	3.50	0.002
Midwest	2.82^b	2.57	0.083	1.50	1.23	0.173	8.07^a	6.99	0.040	2.15	2.03	0.441	2.96	2.71	0.111
South	2.26	2.44	0.145	1.31	1.31	0.987	6.09	5.82	0.545	1.78^b	2.05	0.054	2.35	2.55	0.141
West	4.02	4.31	0.286	1.75	1.90	0.594	9.42	8.87	0.463	3.45	3.88	0.186	4.25	4.55	0.314
Alabama	1.86	1.81	0.846	1.28	0.99	0.397	4.85	4.32	0.578	1.46	1.50	0.880	1.92	1.89	0.923
Alaska	3.23	3.03	0.675	2.17	1.99	0.780	7.60	6.70	0.508	2.73	2.65	0.873	3.34	3.15	0.704
Arizona	3.62	4.25	0.237	2.12	2.16	0.943	10.38	10.61	0.901	2.71	3.47	0.176	3.77	4.46	0.237
Arkansas	2.17	2.23	0.832	1.69	1.37	0.450	5.77	5.03	0.457	1.66	1.89	0.445	2.23	2.33	0.740
California	3.99	4.23	0.559	1.23	1.83	0.103	8.50	7.54	0.352	3.61	3.99	0.442	4.27	4.47	0.657
Colorado	4.98	5.66	0.287	2.62	2.19	0.512	10.85	12.09	0.505	4.35	5.06	0.334	5.21	6.00	0.267
Connecticut	2.22^a	3.12	0.015	1.03	1.51	0.172	6.78	8.38	0.264	1.64^a	2.48	0.027	2.34^a	3.27	0.021
Delaware	2.65	2.73	0.833	1.25	1.70	0.298	10.31	8.08	0.180	1.76	2.11	0.323	2.78	2.82	0.919
District of Columbia	5.19^a	7.09	0.030	0.83	0.86	0.908	9.43	8.47	0.585	4.80^a	7.32	0.014	5.47^a	7.49	0.030
Florida	1.76^a	2.38	0.012	1.48	1.71	0.551	5.54	6.30	0.419	1.29^a	1.94	0.016	1.79^a	2.44	0.014
Georgia	2.45	2.38	0.808	1.12	1.02	0.696	5.93	5.06	0.358	2.05	2.12	0.852	2.59	2.53	0.833
Hawaii	3.28	3.22	0.912	1.34	1.06	0.523	11.17^a	7.02	0.024	2.49	2.98	0.376	3.45	3.41	0.947
Idaho	3.63	3.71	0.883	2.50^a	1.37	0.031	8.83	8.40	0.785	2.91	3.21	0.626	3.76	3.98	0.722
Illinois	2.69	2.71	0.937	1.22	1.33	0.696	6.76	6.75	0.994	2.24	2.25	0.962	2.84	2.85	0.968
Indiana	2.68	2.24	0.132	1.43	1.14	0.362	7.86	6.58	0.280	1.97	1.64	0.280	2.82	2.36	0.156
Iowa	3.02^a	2.15	0.013	1.77	1.17	0.132	7.77	6.12	0.243	2.36^a	1.58	0.023	3.16^a	2.25	0.018
Kansas	2.90	2.48	0.231	1.89	1.34	0.204	8.01	6.69	0.292	2.14	1.89	0.470	3.02	2.61	0.292
Kentucky	2.62	2.40	0.498	1.43	1.09	0.287	7.12	6.10	0.369	2.06	1.98	0.821	2.74	2.53	0.559
Louisiana	3.12	3.28	0.717	1.30	1.44	0.716	7.45	6.47	0.483	2.67	3.01	0.489	3.31	3.48	0.738
Maine	3.06^a	4.52	0.007	1.91	1.56	0.524	9.31^a	14.18	0.021	2.38^a	3.59	0.036	3.15^a	4.76	0.006
Maryland	2.69	2.71	0.948	1.16	1.62	0.215	7.88	7.67	0.882	2.12	2.13	0.968	2.84	2.82	0.958
Massachusetts	2.96^a	3.84	0.046	1.04	1.45	0.276	8.13	9.29	0.460	2.31^b	3.20	0.053	3.12^b	4.05	0.054
Michigan	3.05	2.96	0.783	1.55	1.13	0.189	8.20	7.13	0.305	2.41	2.51	0.771	3.19	3.13	0.869
Minnesota	3.36	3.08	0.480	1.63	1.48	0.724	11.36	9.95	0.459	2.36	2.23	0.726	3.54	3.24	0.496
Mississippi	2.13	2.06	0.791	1.15	1.04	0.707	6.06	4.93	0.313	1.61	1.71	0.715	2.24	2.17	0.820
Missouri	2.57	2.36	0.531	1.82	1.34	0.275	6.87	5.69	0.312	1.99	1.96	0.940	2.65	2.47	0.619
Montana	3.33^b	4.18	0.099	2.25	1.65	0.235	8.96	10.61	0.361	2.59	3.48	0.106	3.43^b	4.42	0.082
Nebraska	2.14	1.84	0.305	1.31	1.20	0.766	5.32	4.86	0.673	1.71	1.40	0.322	2.24	1.91	0.314
Nevada	4.41	3.67	0.165	2.60	1.95	0.334	10.16	9.85	0.859	3.83	3.03	0.175	4.59	3.84	0.199
New Hampshire	3.07	3.24	0.682	2.08^a	1.16	0.035	10.93	10.25	0.708	2.07	2.48	0.341	3.16	3.41	0.565
New Jersey	2.11	2.26	0.599	0.86	1.15	0.320	6.16	5.84	0.755	1.68	1.89	0.519	2.24	2.37	0.665
New Mexico	3.47	3.55	0.861	3.17^b	1.85	0.060	9.36	10.00	0.716	2.58	2.74	0.731	3.50	3.73	0.649
New York	2.86^a	3.70	0.024	0.86^a	1.45	0.028	7.76	8.54	0.482	2.34^a	3.21	0.038	3.04^a	3.90	0.034
North Carolina	1.72	1.99	0.276	1.06	1.27	0.553	4.59	5.29	0.479	1.35	1.57	0.412	1.78	2.07	0.305
North Dakota	2.82^b	2.08	0.077	1.62	1.04	0.206	6.67	4.76	0.152	2.24	1.68	0.221	2.94^b	2.19	0.100
Ohio	2.68	2.40	0.313	1.36	1.03	0.227	8.39	7.10	0.238	1.97	1.85	0.694	2.82	2.54	0.367
Oklahoma	2.40	2.72	0.337	1.99	1.69	0.553	6.14	6.78	0.586	1.82	2.15	0.333	2.45	2.83	0.283
Oregon	5.62	6.15	0.488	2.50	2.66	0.833	14.51	15.11	0.807	4.69	5.25	0.512	5.91	6.46	0.501
Pennsylvania	2.45^b	2.98	0.082	1.44	1.33	0.737	6.57	7.27	0.522	1.94^b	2.51	0.077	2.54^b	3.13	0.077
Rhode Island	4.06	4.04	0.964	1.27	1.37	0.791	9.40	9.77	0.837	3.46	3.36	0.872	4.30	4.26	0.947
South Carolina	2.17	2.61	0.174	1.36	1.13	0.483	6.38	6.76	0.764	1.64	2.16	0.117	2.25	2.76	0.153
South Dakota	2.54^b	1.94	0.090	1.59	1.19	0.354	6.46	5.80	0.612	2.03^b	1.39	0.079	2.65	2.02	0.111
Tennessee	3.40	4.04	0.206	1.60	1.68	0.854	8.62	8.54	0.956	2.82	3.63	0.159	3.58	4.27	0.212
Texas	2.17	2.04	0.595	1.23	1.10	0.639	5.40	4.55	0.261	1.74	1.74	0.983	2.28	2.16	0.634
Utah	3.24	3.27	0.945	1.77	1.59	0.677	7.24	6.22	0.396	2.59	2.87	0.587	3.44	3.50	0.905
Vermont	4.30^b	5.59	0.053	2.27	1.44	0.120	12.38^a	19.12	0.012	3.19	3.85	0.310	4.47^a	5.92	0.044
Virginia	2.40	2.65	0.383	1.13	1.38	0.432	7.21	7.32	0.921	1.80	2.08	0.362	2.52	2.77	0.423
Washington	3.71	4.22	0.288	1.91	1.96	0.919	10.79	9.39	0.371	2.91	3.74	0.119	3.88	4.44	0.292
West Virginia	2.20	1.96	0.467	1.70^b	1.00	0.089	7.33^b	4.96	0.059	1.50	1.63	0.704	2.24	2.05	0.580
Wisconsin	3.04	2.69	0.330	1.57	1.34	0.532	10.01	8.02	0.218	2.12	2.01	0.734	3.19	2.83	0.351
Wyoming	2.81	2.77	0.941	2.18^a	1.19	0.042	6.47	8.41	0.185	2.32	2.10	0.606	2.87	2.95	0.875
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 12 – *Methamphetamine Use in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	0.95	0.94	0.870	0.10	0.11	0.843	0.50^b	0.39	0.078	1.12	1.12	0.961	1.04	1.03	0.850
Northeast	0.58	0.61	0.767	0.09	0.11	0.796	0.46^b	0.27	0.056	0.65	0.71	0.584	0.63	0.65	0.781
Midwest	1.00	0.95	0.590	0.09	0.13	0.680	0.72	0.65	0.681	1.15	1.09	0.616	1.09	1.03	0.558
South	0.91	0.95	0.621	0.11	0.11	0.937	0.42	0.36	0.476	1.08	1.14	0.555	0.99	1.04	0.623
West	1.26	1.17	0.555	0.11	0.09	0.825	0.48	0.31	0.134	1.51	1.43	0.643	1.38	1.28	0.553
Alabama	1.40	1.09	0.202	0.12	0.10	0.838	0.57	0.39	0.248	1.68	1.33	0.247	1.53	1.20	0.204
Alaska	1.01	1.42	0.131	0.04	0.05	0.956	0.89	0.88	0.991	1.16	1.67	0.132	1.12	1.57	0.133
Arizona	0.84^a	1.33	0.034	0.09	0.11	0.844	0.40	0.35	0.758	1.00^a	1.63	0.034	0.92^a	1.45	0.035
Arkansas	1.74	1.41	0.263	0.13	0.12	0.922	0.95	0.59	0.133	2.07	1.70	0.342	1.91	1.55	0.264
California	1.35^b	0.98	0.094	0.13	0.07	0.524	0.37	0.19	0.133	1.65	1.20	0.118	1.48^b	1.07	0.097
Colorado	0.81	0.98	0.370	0.09	0.11	0.852	0.50	0.38	0.438	0.94	1.17	0.337	0.88	1.06	0.378
Connecticut	0.41	0.50	0.369	0.09	0.12	0.698	0.27	0.17	0.331	0.47	0.59	0.331	0.44	0.54	0.385
Delaware	0.70	0.65	0.749	0.10	0.11	0.872	0.38	0.35	0.836	0.81	0.75	0.756	0.76	0.70	0.741
District of Columbia	0.39	0.32	0.415	0.16	0.01	0.165	0.40	0.26	0.358	0.40	0.35	0.629	0.40	0.34	0.486
Florida	0.53	0.71	0.180	0.09	0.14	0.619	0.20	0.21	0.907	0.61	0.84	0.193	0.56	0.76	0.187
Georgia	0.81^b	1.16	0.084	0.13	0.09	0.707	0.37	0.31	0.550	0.97^b	1.44	0.075	0.88^b	1.28	0.082
Hawaii	0.91	1.06	0.511	0.05	0.13	0.339	0.66^a	0.15	0.002	1.03	1.26	0.403	0.99	1.14	0.532
Idaho	0.86^b	1.31	0.070	0.05	0.15	0.296	0.57	0.62	0.799	1.02^b	1.59	0.081	0.95^b	1.44	0.077
Illinois	0.93	0.88	0.789	0.10	0.14	0.774	0.61^a	0.31	0.029	1.08	1.06	0.930	1.02	0.96	0.771
Indiana	1.24	1.04	0.315	0.11	0.12	0.887	0.69	0.62	0.769	1.48	1.23	0.342	1.36	1.14	0.313
Iowa	1.27	0.99	0.174	0.10	0.17	0.555	1.13	0.91	0.580	1.44	1.10	0.202	1.40	1.07	0.162
Kansas	0.88	0.95	0.679	0.11	0.15	0.678	0.74	0.54	0.325	1.01	1.13	0.571	0.97	1.04	0.698
Kentucky	1.67	1.71	0.908	0.09	0.13	0.631	0.99	0.98	0.994	1.97	2.01	0.918	1.84	1.88	0.917
Louisiana	1.62	1.48	0.671	0.15	0.07	0.370	0.49	0.55	0.768	1.98	1.81	0.676	1.78	1.64	0.690
Maine	1.05	1.14	0.704	0.08	0.17	0.246	0.88	0.85	0.916	1.17	1.26	0.720	1.13	1.22	0.732
Maryland	0.41	0.45	0.670	0.08	0.09	0.958	0.28	0.27	0.975	0.46	0.51	0.679	0.44	0.48	0.672
Massachusetts	0.51	0.50	0.897	0.08	0.10	0.785	0.40	0.21	0.101	0.57	0.58	0.938	0.55	0.53	0.885
Michigan	0.62	0.73	0.393	0.07	0.10	0.621	0.51	0.45	0.708	0.70	0.85	0.378	0.67	0.79	0.406
Minnesota	1.04	0.85	0.312	0.09	0.14	0.595	1.19	0.96	0.574	1.13	0.92	0.368	1.14	0.93	0.298
Mississippi	1.54	1.16	0.135	0.15	0.07	0.394	0.72	0.83	0.730	1.86	1.36	0.130	1.70	1.28	0.144
Missouri	1.38	1.53	0.583	0.10	0.13	0.800	0.72	0.70	0.937	1.63	1.83	0.584	1.51	1.68	0.590
Montana	1.52	1.37	0.635	0.08	0.18	0.421	1.50	0.86	0.167	1.68	1.58	0.793	1.66	1.49	0.611
Nebraska	1.07	0.96	0.582	0.08	0.16	0.413	0.81	0.60	0.388	1.25	1.13	0.655	1.18	1.05	0.553
Nevada	2.23	1.63	0.181	0.16	0.10	0.520	0.80^a	0.26	0.004	2.66	1.98	0.229	2.44	1.78	0.184
New Hampshire	0.64	0.82	0.260	0.08	0.13	0.459	0.50	0.53	0.891	0.72	0.92	0.284	0.69	0.87	0.276
New Jersey	0.74^a	0.46	0.031	0.13	0.13	0.964	0.31	0.16	0.104	0.87^a	0.53	0.042	0.80^a	0.49	0.030
New Mexico	1.56	1.78	0.565	0.11	0.20	0.527	0.56	0.31	0.160	1.90	2.20	0.529	1.72	1.94	0.585
New York	0.50	0.49	0.977	0.09	0.08	0.948	0.57^a	0.20	0.006	0.53	0.58	0.730	0.53	0.53	0.979
North Carolina	0.69	0.65	0.780	0.09	0.11	0.787	0.36	0.27	0.433	0.81	0.77	0.827	0.75	0.70	0.767
North Dakota	1.18	1.15	0.873	0.10	0.08	0.798	1.09	1.08	0.983	1.34	1.30	0.890	1.30	1.26	0.882
Ohio	1.11	0.92	0.274	0.10	0.11	0.953	0.69	0.88	0.454	1.29	1.02	0.221	1.22	1.00	0.271
Oklahoma	1.41	1.46	0.858	0.09	0.11	0.820	0.71	0.67	0.894	1.71	1.77	0.842	1.56	1.61	0.864
Oregon	1.18	1.47	0.278	0.08	0.13	0.561	0.48	0.42	0.684	1.39	1.75	0.279	1.28	1.59	0.288
Pennsylvania	0.62^b	0.88	0.088	0.09	0.13	0.571	0.45	0.40	0.679	0.71^b	1.03	0.090	0.67^b	0.94	0.093
Rhode Island	0.70	0.61	0.527	0.09	0.08	0.924	0.36	0.35	0.922	0.82	0.71	0.532	0.76	0.66	0.527
South Carolina	1.07	1.10	0.892	0.10	0.09	0.922	0.43	0.45	0.885	1.28	1.31	0.900	1.17	1.20	0.891
South Dakota	1.05	1.18	0.525	0.08	0.15	0.417	1.07	1.34	0.631	1.17	1.29	0.643	1.16	1.30	0.553
Tennessee	1.41	1.19	0.352	0.10	0.11	0.919	0.77	0.57	0.348	1.66	1.41	0.409	1.54	1.30	0.350
Texas	0.82	0.88	0.687	0.12	0.13	0.936	0.29	0.20	0.340	1.00	1.10	0.635	0.90	0.97	0.695
Utah	1.16	1.09	0.779	0.10	0.06	0.511	0.57	0.37	0.186	1.47	1.43	0.914	1.30	1.23	0.790
Vermont	0.52^a	1.06	0.001	0.06	0.19	0.184	0.61	0.72	0.682	0.54^a	1.19	0.001	0.55^a	1.13	0.001
Virginia	0.42	0.56	0.195	0.09	0.11	0.716	0.37	0.32	0.691	0.47	0.65	0.184	0.45	0.60	0.203
Washington	1.25	1.56	0.316	0.08	0.09	0.871	0.62	0.54	0.713	1.47	1.87	0.305	1.36	1.70	0.319
West Virginia	2.20	2.48	0.600	0.09	0.21	0.306	0.97	0.89	0.832	2.59	2.95	0.598	2.39	2.69	0.613
Wisconsin	0.71	0.77	0.676	0.07	0.15	0.320	0.59	0.66	0.746	0.80	0.86	0.756	0.77	0.83	0.712
Wyoming	1.43	1.20	0.401	0.14	0.15	0.904	0.85	0.81	0.913	1.68	1.39	0.408	1.57	1.31	0.396
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 13 – *Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	3.09	3.01	0.445	1.85	1.89	0.789	3.15^a	2.82	0.038	3.22	3.17	0.677	3.21	3.13	0.416
Northeast	2.89^a	2.50	0.027	1.81	1.62	0.398	2.89^a	2.23	0.014	3.01^b	2.64	0.081	2.99^a	2.58	0.032
Midwest	2.97	2.94	0.850	1.74	1.81	0.744	2.98	2.68	0.125	3.11	3.12	0.970	3.09	3.06	0.809
South	3.20	3.33	0.336	1.90	2.05	0.462	3.26	3.22	0.875	3.35	3.50	0.358	3.34	3.46	0.386
West	3.15	2.93	0.216	1.87	1.88	0.981	3.31^a	2.70	0.017	3.27	3.09	0.394	3.28	3.04	0.208
Alabama	4.22	4.22	0.985	1.95	2.36	0.318	3.50	3.68	0.766	4.60	4.53	0.909	4.45	4.41	0.948
Alaska	3.07	3.23	0.696	3.37	2.22	0.112	2.75	2.91	0.802	3.08	3.41	0.506	3.04	3.35	0.497
Arizona	3.36	3.48	0.788	2.07	2.30	0.643	4.06	3.62	0.597	3.40	3.59	0.719	3.49	3.60	0.830
Arkansas	3.81	3.55	0.551	1.85	2.11	0.529	3.11	3.13	0.965	4.16	3.79	0.494	4.02	3.70	0.509
California	2.98	2.65	0.227	1.79	1.62	0.586	3.26^b	2.56	0.078	3.08	2.78	0.377	3.11	2.75	0.247
Colorado	3.18	2.99	0.598	1.89	2.02	0.766	2.75	2.37	0.502	3.40	3.20	0.652	3.31	3.09	0.574
Connecticut	2.72	2.26	0.183	1.72	1.72	0.993	3.05^b	1.88	0.062	2.78	2.38	0.340	2.81	2.32	0.185
Delaware	3.16	3.17	0.967	1.70	1.66	0.903	3.90^b	2.82	0.090	3.21	3.38	0.732	3.29	3.32	0.960
District of Columbia	2.83	2.27	0.177	2.74^b	1.67	0.064	3.30^a	1.58	0.015	2.76	2.43	0.507	2.84	2.31	0.232
Florida	2.66	2.95	0.276	1.88	2.11	0.510	3.26	3.20	0.888	2.65	3.00	0.288	2.72	3.02	0.308
Georgia	3.01	3.54	0.147	1.77	1.94	0.612	2.89	3.48	0.294	3.19	3.75	0.208	3.15	3.71	0.164
Hawaii	2.79	2.64	0.687	2.00	1.60	0.398	3.88^b	2.58	0.061	2.73	2.75	0.980	2.86	2.73	0.751
Idaho	3.07^a	4.18	0.014	2.13	2.19	0.890	2.57	2.71	0.815	3.28^a	4.71	0.013	3.18^a	4.41	0.015
Illinois	2.94	2.88	0.831	1.96	1.71	0.458	2.84	2.55	0.471	3.07	3.06	0.982	3.04	2.99	0.890
Indiana	3.21	3.08	0.704	1.75	1.86	0.788	3.82^b	2.81	0.075	3.30	3.29	0.974	3.37	3.22	0.681
Iowa	2.66	3.06	0.248	1.71	1.69	0.964	2.49	2.21	0.546	2.81	3.38	0.188	2.76	3.21	0.248
Kansas	3.23	2.85	0.276	1.90	2.04	0.737	3.31	2.85	0.420	3.40	2.96	0.323	3.39	2.94	0.261
Kentucky	3.59	4.11	0.244	1.72	1.84	0.764	3.63	3.51	0.840	3.81	4.47	0.232	3.79	4.35	0.257
Louisiana	4.04	4.41	0.421	1.96	2.01	0.916	4.03	4.49	0.570	4.30	4.70	0.480	4.26	4.67	0.430
Maine	2.24^b	2.92	0.067	1.55	1.87	0.444	2.19	2.70	0.415	2.32^b	3.05	0.089	2.30^b	3.01	0.078
Maryland	3.57^a	2.79	0.032	2.84^a	1.80	0.046	3.70^b	2.60	0.078	3.64	2.94	0.112	3.65^b	2.89	0.061
Massachusetts	2.73	2.22	0.193	1.67	1.55	0.753	2.64	1.95	0.228	2.85	2.33	0.278	2.82	2.28	0.205
Michigan	2.64	2.95	0.213	1.57	1.77	0.511	2.79	2.94	0.716	2.73	3.08	0.259	2.74	3.06	0.242
Minnesota	2.57	2.43	0.647	1.74	1.71	0.930	3.40^a	2.35	0.045	2.54	2.53	0.968	2.65	2.50	0.656
Mississippi	3.66	4.22	0.205	1.78	2.21	0.309	3.27	4.24	0.126	3.97	4.48	0.359	3.87	4.45	0.243
Missouri	3.71	3.53	0.697	1.74	1.96	0.591	2.66	2.84	0.751	4.11	3.82	0.626	3.92	3.69	0.664
Montana	2.64	3.02	0.319	1.68	2.24	0.218	2.56	2.64	0.894	2.76	3.17	0.374	2.73	3.10	0.384
Nebraska	2.59	2.74	0.631	1.67	1.74	0.856	2.70	2.32	0.417	2.70	2.94	0.516	2.70	2.85	0.648
Nevada	4.24	3.63	0.199	1.99	2.29	0.531	4.02	3.25	0.286	4.52	3.84	0.229	4.46	3.77	0.178
New Hampshire	2.52	2.62	0.777	1.65	2.09	0.303	2.63	2.26	0.542	2.58	2.72	0.752	2.59	2.66	0.850
New Jersey	2.83	2.45	0.265	1.77	1.42	0.309	3.36^b	2.39	0.059	2.88	2.58	0.466	2.94	2.56	0.305
New Mexico	3.70	4.35	0.202	2.06	2.56	0.384	3.96	4.40	0.561	3.86	4.56	0.264	3.87	4.53	0.240
New York	3.01^a	2.33	0.020	1.90	1.52	0.259	2.75^b	1.97	0.051	3.17^a	2.46	0.049	3.11^a	2.40	0.026
North Carolina	2.90	3.13	0.512	1.97	1.97	0.991	2.77	2.94	0.765	3.02	3.29	0.538	2.99	3.25	0.517
North Dakota	2.94	2.68	0.500	1.61	1.91	0.497	2.56	2.13	0.403	3.18	2.89	0.546	3.08	2.76	0.451
Ohio	3.32	3.00	0.254	1.73	1.92	0.563	3.38	2.93	0.282	3.50	3.14	0.295	3.49	3.11	0.230
Oklahoma	3.82	4.07	0.565	1.82	2.01	0.641	3.28	3.33	0.935	4.18	4.48	0.595	4.05	4.31	0.597
Oregon	3.82	3.53	0.492	1.87	2.07	0.633	4.42^a	3.06	0.033	3.93	3.74	0.703	3.99	3.66	0.468
Pennsylvania	2.96	2.92	0.894	1.84	1.88	0.906	2.97	2.69	0.542	3.08	3.07	0.975	3.06	3.02	0.883
Rhode Island	3.39	3.04	0.384	2.07	1.64	0.333	3.02	2.54	0.443	3.57	3.25	0.510	3.50	3.15	0.434
South Carolina	3.29	3.67	0.334	1.82	2.23	0.358	3.79	3.57	0.722	3.38	3.84	0.342	3.43	3.81	0.388
South Dakota	2.67	3.15	0.298	1.73	1.91	0.667	2.26	2.25	0.975	2.87	3.46	0.301	2.78	3.29	0.319
Tennessee	3.83	3.45	0.376	1.74	1.96	0.599	4.16^b	3.18	0.099	4.02	3.66	0.504	4.04	3.60	0.354
Texas	3.15	3.24	0.721	1.92	2.16	0.511	3.13	3.11	0.964	3.32	3.41	0.787	3.29	3.37	0.802
Utah	3.34	3.12	0.490	1.56	1.94	0.313	3.01	2.51	0.345	3.72	3.46	0.531	3.59	3.28	0.394
Vermont	2.83	2.56	0.465	1.61	1.77	0.711	2.66	2.69	0.964	2.97	2.61	0.423	2.93	2.62	0.447
Virginia	2.68	2.48	0.507	1.63	1.77	0.668	2.68	2.61	0.875	2.80	2.54	0.478	2.78	2.55	0.476
Washington	2.83	2.40	0.171	1.78	1.99	0.614	2.67	1.99	0.186	2.97	2.50	0.224	2.93	2.44	0.154
West Virginia	3.61	3.85	0.616	1.75	1.86	0.800	3.08	3.53	0.490	3.87	4.10	0.698	3.78	4.03	0.630
Wisconsin	2.43	2.74	0.327	1.58	1.69	0.764	2.20	2.54	0.479	2.56	2.89	0.401	2.51	2.84	0.346
Wyoming	3.26	2.99	0.551	3.48	2.24	0.164	2.80	2.29	0.410	3.30	3.19	0.850	3.23	3.07	0.745
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over-the-counter drugs. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 14 – *Opioid Misuse in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	3.26	3.15	0.253	1.85	1.90	0.752	3.21^a	2.86	0.027	3.44	3.34	0.425	3.41	3.28	0.230
Northeast	3.19^a	2.74	0.024	1.81	1.62	0.414	2.98^b	2.53	0.057	3.36^a	2.89	0.047	3.31^a	2.84	0.028
Midwest	3.19	3.10	0.562	1.74	1.80	0.731	3.08	2.78	0.125	3.38	3.30	0.682	3.34	3.23	0.526
South	3.40	3.42	0.877	1.90	2.06	0.424	3.19	2.99	0.314	3.61	3.65	0.828	3.55	3.56	0.960
West	3.17	3.06	0.534	1.88	1.89	0.979	3.52^a	2.94	0.024	3.27	3.21	0.811	3.30	3.18	0.521
Alabama	4.38	4.26	0.820	1.90	2.37	0.254	3.24	3.09	0.769	4.85	4.68	0.780	4.63	4.46	0.751
Alaska	3.02	3.18	0.714	3.36	2.23	0.119	3.15	3.42	0.718	2.96	3.27	0.560	2.98	3.29	0.529
Arizona	3.26	3.75	0.262	2.07	2.23	0.720	4.31	4.01	0.698	3.23	3.88	0.214	3.38	3.90	0.279
Arkansas	3.86	3.58	0.545	1.84	2.22	0.357	3.17	2.78	0.463	4.23	3.87	0.553	4.08	3.72	0.492
California	3.09	2.77	0.241	1.81	1.65	0.629	3.43^b	2.75	0.067	3.19	2.91	0.408	3.22	2.88	0.259
Colorado	3.12	3.09	0.944	1.92	2.07	0.712	2.94	2.65	0.598	3.28	3.27	0.984	3.24	3.19	0.912
Connecticut	2.85	2.42	0.247	1.73	1.73	0.996	3.15	2.65	0.376	2.93	2.46	0.300	2.96	2.49	0.247
Delaware	3.33	3.19	0.752	1.69	1.71	0.953	3.72	2.79	0.103	3.45	3.40	0.929	3.48	3.33	0.748
District of Columbia	3.30	2.89	0.402	2.72^b	1.69	0.077	3.02	3.29	0.694	3.40	2.92	0.412	3.34	2.97	0.477
Florida	2.68	3.04	0.240	1.89	2.08	0.596	3.32	3.22	0.831	2.68	3.11	0.240	2.75	3.12	0.263
Georgia	3.24	3.57	0.428	1.78	1.99	0.526	2.74	3.02	0.598	3.51	3.87	0.496	3.40	3.75	0.462
Hawaii	2.83	2.86	0.933	2.00	1.61	0.419	4.22	3.57	0.392	2.74	2.90	0.751	2.90	2.98	0.874
Idaho	2.97^a	4.07	0.028	2.12	2.23	0.814	2.92	2.82	0.868	3.09^a	4.54	0.024	3.07^a	4.29	0.033
Illinois	3.28	3.19	0.792	1.95	1.74	0.551	2.87	2.77	0.816	3.50	3.42	0.853	3.42	3.34	0.831
Indiana	3.42	3.23	0.663	1.73	1.86	0.744	4.03^a	2.79	0.017	3.53	3.48	0.935	3.60	3.38	0.641
Iowa	2.94	3.15	0.643	1.69	1.65	0.928	2.63	2.71	0.875	3.16	3.41	0.643	3.08	3.31	0.639
Kansas	3.17	2.78	0.314	1.89	2.05	0.705	3.43	3.14	0.610	3.29	2.82	0.319	3.31	2.87	0.293
Kentucky	4.03	4.39	0.453	1.68	1.94	0.512	3.64	3.00	0.263	4.37	4.89	0.383	4.28	4.64	0.484
Louisiana	4.30	4.63	0.537	1.93	2.07	0.738	3.79	3.87	0.914	4.68	5.07	0.553	4.56	4.91	0.554
Maine	2.80	2.81	0.991	1.56	1.88	0.439	2.65	2.63	0.968	2.94	2.92	0.966	2.91	2.88	0.962
Maryland	4.10^a	3.02	0.010	2.79^b	1.83	0.072	3.47	2.67	0.170	4.34^a	3.21	0.028	4.23^a	3.14	0.018
Massachusetts	3.26	2.64	0.164	1.69	1.55	0.698	2.86	2.45	0.453	3.48	2.78	0.198	3.39	2.73	0.172
Michigan	2.82	3.17	0.219	1.58	1.74	0.573	2.86	2.65	0.539	2.95	3.41	0.190	2.94	3.31	0.238
Minnesota	2.85	2.57	0.452	1.74	1.66	0.849	3.54	2.84	0.194	2.88	2.64	0.594	2.97	2.66	0.465
Mississippi	3.83	4.11	0.568	1.78	2.25	0.275	2.95	3.17	0.694	4.25	4.51	0.670	4.06	4.32	0.638
Missouri	3.67	3.56	0.838	1.76	2.04	0.505	2.79	2.78	0.991	4.03	3.87	0.796	3.86	3.72	0.799
Montana	2.74	2.96	0.573	1.70	2.17	0.294	2.83	2.96	0.845	2.84	3.04	0.661	2.84	3.03	0.649
Nebraska	2.87	2.64	0.513	1.67	1.76	0.810	2.86	2.69	0.738	3.03	2.75	0.514	3.00	2.74	0.492
Nevada	4.01	3.87	0.754	1.99	2.29	0.529	4.05	3.28	0.254	4.24	4.13	0.837	4.22	4.03	0.705
New Hampshire	2.74	2.59	0.709	1.66	2.08	0.318	2.87	2.75	0.838	2.82	2.61	0.658	2.83	2.63	0.647
New Jersey	3.05	2.67	0.276	1.79	1.45	0.323	3.40^b	2.57	0.072	3.14	2.82	0.448	3.17	2.79	0.316
New Mexico	3.86	4.55	0.191	2.06	2.55	0.380	4.27	4.31	0.957	4.01	4.83	0.218	4.05	4.76	0.228
New York	3.28^a	2.60	0.032	1.89	1.51	0.247	2.77	2.37	0.302	3.50^b	2.75	0.051	3.40^a	2.70	0.040
North Carolina	3.37	3.20	0.676	1.98	1.97	0.986	2.69	2.55	0.776	3.63	3.44	0.697	3.51	3.32	0.674
North Dakota	3.14	2.59	0.192	1.63	1.81	0.643	2.75	2.70	0.918	3.41	2.67	0.164	3.30	2.67	0.181
Ohio	3.62	3.21	0.210	1.70	1.90	0.518	3.36	2.92	0.244	3.88	3.40	0.242	3.81	3.34	0.189
Oklahoma	3.83	4.02	0.674	1.81	2.10	0.468	3.52	3.28	0.689	4.15	4.41	0.656	4.06	4.24	0.720
Oregon	3.67	3.69	0.962	1.87	2.13	0.529	4.69^a	3.04	0.003	3.71	3.94	0.668	3.83	3.83	0.996
Pennsylvania	3.25	3.11	0.669	1.81	1.86	0.891	3.09	2.73	0.408	3.42	3.30	0.748	3.38	3.22	0.656
Rhode Island	3.73	3.50	0.619	2.02	1.66	0.397	3.17	2.50	0.225	3.99	3.84	0.790	3.87	3.66	0.658
South Carolina	3.33	3.58	0.585	1.80	2.27	0.243	3.54	3.10	0.391	3.47	3.80	0.564	3.48	3.71	0.650
South Dakota	2.82	2.95	0.768	1.73	1.89	0.678	2.53	2.93	0.497	3.01	3.10	0.878	2.94	3.07	0.798
Tennessee	4.18	3.45	0.158	1.71	2.03	0.409	4.06^a	2.90	0.041	4.48	3.70	0.214	4.43	3.60	0.141
Texas	3.27	3.38	0.688	1.93	2.14	0.580	3.09	2.93	0.689	3.49	3.64	0.690	3.43	3.53	0.751
Utah	3.29	3.08	0.519	1.55	1.99	0.230	3.30	2.69	0.286	3.59	3.35	0.585	3.54	3.23	0.418
Vermont	3.12	2.66	0.243	1.61	1.73	0.765	2.85	2.71	0.800	3.31	2.74	0.242	3.24	2.74	0.236
Virginia	2.81	2.51	0.325	1.66	1.77	0.731	2.62	2.67	0.906	2.97	2.57	0.288	2.93	2.58	0.308
Washington	2.85	2.55	0.430	1.78	1.95	0.688	2.94	2.49	0.349	2.95	2.62	0.471	2.95	2.60	0.407
West Virginia	3.95	4.22	0.602	1.76	1.97	0.631	3.28	3.10	0.728	4.28	4.62	0.588	4.15	4.43	0.626
Wisconsin	2.70	2.82	0.755	1.59	1.62	0.915	2.39	2.58	0.707	2.88	2.99	0.807	2.82	2.94	0.765
Wyoming	3.20	2.81	0.368	3.44	2.24	0.178	3.09	3.33	0.730	3.19	2.80	0.474	3.17	2.87	0.528
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription pain relievers in the past year. Prescription pain relievers are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription pain relievers do not include over-the-counter drugs but may include non-opioid prescription drugs. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 15 – *Alcohol Use in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	48.05	48.13	0.784	7.03	6.88	0.600	50.57	49.91	0.214	52.46	52.65	0.620	52.21	52.28	0.835
Northeast	51.38	51.55	0.742	7.34	6.98	0.411	55.65	54.40	0.215	55.36	55.76	0.546	55.40	55.58	0.753
Midwest	50.76	50.73	0.941	8.00^a	7.16	0.041	54.42	53.08	0.103	55.30	55.54	0.659	55.18	55.20	0.966
South	45.37	45.47	0.786	6.50	6.39	0.760	47.18	47.85	0.384	49.77	49.78	0.989	49.42	49.52	0.820
West	47.55	47.69	0.771	6.85	7.38	0.252	48.96^b	47.21	0.070	52.16	52.48	0.594	51.73	51.77	0.936
Alabama	39.80	41.79	0.110	5.72	6.11	0.667	40.59^a	45.73	0.014	43.70	45.37	0.277	43.27	45.42	0.114
Alaska	48.80	46.96	0.161	6.35	6.40	0.951	47.89^a	42.11	0.016	54.39	52.82	0.342	53.59	51.50	0.153
Arizona	46.19^a	43.42	0.041	6.72	5.83	0.265	53.39^a	46.21	0.003	49.75	47.36	0.167	50.25^a	47.20	0.041
Arkansas	39.96^b	42.43	0.051	7.34	6.94	0.683	42.46	43.13	0.764	43.66^b	46.76	0.052	43.49^a	46.26	0.047
California	47.24	48.15	0.225	6.69	7.67	0.177	47.56	47.21	0.822	51.99	53.03	0.264	51.39	52.25	0.300
Colorado	54.86	54.24	0.584	8.44	8.43	0.998	55.37^b	51.09	0.056	60.03	59.80	0.869	59.41	58.64	0.532
Connecticut	56.46^a	53.30	0.020	8.23	7.19	0.263	60.38	58.60	0.460	61.17^a	57.49	0.032	61.07^a	57.64	0.021
Delaware	51.42	53.10	0.193	6.82	7.36	0.542	54.40	51.73	0.211	55.73	58.11	0.137	55.58	57.35	0.209
District of Columbia	62.74	62.47	0.847	7.42	8.58	0.342	67.99	66.50	0.516	65.96	65.91	0.976	66.25	65.99	0.863
Florida	49.52	48.98	0.556	6.47	6.89	0.515	46.81	48.89	0.211	54.09	53.09	0.371	53.27	52.62	0.512
Georgia	44.89	45.68	0.470	6.91	6.67	0.745	46.87	47.74	0.642	49.51	50.37	0.536	49.14	50.00	0.475
Hawaii	44.95^a	42.11	0.039	6.17	6.54	0.681	48.60^a	40.91	0.002	48.38	45.83	0.126	48.42^a	45.30	0.037
Idaho	44.16	44.22	0.966	7.30	7.20	0.913	50.91^a	45.38	0.022	48.15	49.05	0.608	48.54	48.51	0.984
Illinois	50.93^a	52.99	0.037	8.61	8.79	0.854	52.61	53.24	0.727	55.69^a	58.14	0.046	55.28^a	57.49	0.041
Indiana	46.52	46.24	0.807	6.34	5.93	0.614	50.00	49.36	0.753	51.02	50.79	0.876	50.87	50.58	0.823
Iowa	53.86^b	51.39	0.057	9.98^a	6.62	0.002	58.88	55.33	0.136	58.49	56.28	0.181	58.54^b	56.14	0.092
Kansas	50.94	52.29	0.287	8.34	8.87	0.629	56.44	54.35	0.340	55.67	57.70	0.211	55.77	57.19	0.307
Kentucky	38.93^a	42.41	0.002	5.87	5.25	0.455	43.96	43.35	0.786	42.10^a	46.70	0.001	42.35^a	46.26	0.002
Louisiana	45.70	47.31	0.195	6.94	8.10	0.204	48.00	46.94	0.658	50.18	52.26	0.182	49.89	51.54	0.227
Maine	49.89^a	52.82	0.048	7.10	8.24	0.288	56.88	57.18	0.903	52.96^b	56.32	0.058	53.41^b	56.42	0.059
Maryland	49.02	48.46	0.672	5.87	6.21	0.664	50.86	51.22	0.873	53.72	52.93	0.642	53.36	52.72	0.659
Massachusetts	53.44	55.05	0.198	8.02	8.64	0.542	61.73	62.28	0.812	56.68	58.51	0.242	57.38	59.03	0.225
Michigan	50.35	49.57	0.363	6.96	6.30	0.311	53.57	51.69	0.232	54.74	54.07	0.529	54.58	53.75	0.375
Minnesota	52.06	51.95	0.933	7.38	6.45	0.286	56.49	54.76	0.474	56.82	57.03	0.900	56.78	56.73	0.970
Mississippi	38.32	38.49	0.889	6.21	5.50	0.373	45.46	45.53	0.977	41.38	41.64	0.867	41.95	42.19	0.858
Missouri	48.13	48.48	0.782	8.22	6.82	0.137	51.03	50.64	0.872	52.42	53.08	0.682	52.24	52.75	0.712
Montana	54.59^a	51.75	0.042	9.36	7.86	0.178	62.56^a	55.96	0.009	58.41	55.93	0.156	58.96^a	55.94	0.048
Nebraska	51.73	50.79	0.434	8.31^a	6.32	0.046	56.85^a	50.46	0.007	56.66	56.78	0.940	56.68	55.84	0.527
Nevada	47.62	47.42	0.880	8.01	8.37	0.732	50.90	52.78	0.429	51.71	51.11	0.711	51.62	51.32	0.829
New Hampshire	58.73	58.87	0.916	7.92	8.75	0.425	62.13	62.91	0.744	63.12	63.00	0.943	63.01	62.99	0.992
New Jersey	51.04	50.02	0.426	7.66^b	6.18	0.068	53.09	50.05	0.141	55.67	54.96	0.651	55.36	54.35	0.472
New Mexico	45.55	44.81	0.563	7.27	7.81	0.625	47.11	46.60	0.832	50.01	48.99	0.520	49.62	48.66	0.496
New York	49.48	49.59	0.905	6.76	6.63	0.864	53.53	52.72	0.635	53.27	53.51	0.840	53.31	53.41	0.924
North Carolina	43.86	45.27	0.193	5.83	5.72	0.885	46.39	48.67	0.287	47.91	49.31	0.304	47.71	49.22	0.200
North Dakota	55.56	54.77	0.557	8.49	8.19	0.801	64.02^a	56.39	0.003	59.87	60.36	0.780	60.52	59.70	0.583
Ohio	48.94	48.51	0.648	7.60	6.60	0.171	53.66	53.77	0.944	53.03	52.56	0.683	53.12	52.72	0.699
Oklahoma	40.86	40.53	0.795	7.15^a	4.98	0.011	47.43	46.02	0.565	44.19	44.28	0.954	44.65	44.53	0.931
Oregon	54.05	52.16	0.130	8.50	9.12	0.575	55.25	54.70	0.807	58.63	56.23	0.127	58.22	56.05	0.110
Pennsylvania	50.79	51.58	0.413	7.26	6.66	0.395	54.27	52.06	0.208	54.91	56.26	0.263	54.83	55.71	0.400
Rhode Island	53.81	54.92	0.418	7.20	8.36	0.276	56.84	58.02	0.651	57.88	58.89	0.552	57.73	58.76	0.482
South Carolina	47.52	47.86	0.809	6.44	7.01	0.546	50.01	51.54	0.496	51.83	51.95	0.946	51.60	51.89	0.847
South Dakota	51.09	49.84	0.395	7.59	6.25	0.203	57.47	54.73	0.298	55.76	54.70	0.562	56.00	54.70	0.425
Tennessee	44.23	44.61	0.760	6.58	5.74	0.310	45.84	47.66	0.417	48.34	48.63	0.854	48.02	48.50	0.722
Texas	44.37^b	42.86	0.053	6.61	6.15	0.510	46.19	45.20	0.530	49.39^b	47.57	0.068	48.91^a	47.21	0.050
Utah	28.98	27.71	0.277	2.93	2.89	0.959	33.31	31.33	0.422	32.53	31.11	0.359	32.64	31.14	0.258
Vermont	57.24	59.07	0.191	8.90	9.56	0.580	63.71	63.15	0.811	60.76	63.03	0.189	61.16	63.04	0.210
Virginia	50.59	50.02	0.589	6.95	7.77	0.275	54.86	55.73	0.631	54.95	53.97	0.456	54.94	54.20	0.531
Washington	49.65^a	52.34	0.045	7.04	7.88	0.373	49.33	49.00	0.876	54.34^a	57.61	0.050	53.73^b	56.55	0.054
West Virginia	33.24^a	37.76	0.001	5.38	4.55	0.342	46.19	47.24	0.685	34.27^a	39.85	0.001	35.78^a	40.79	0.001
Wisconsin	58.28	57.04	0.308	10.24	8.46	0.134	61.56^a	57.37	0.039	63.33	62.54	0.611	63.08	61.84	0.350
Wyoming	48.18^a	51.73	0.016	6.70	8.18	0.133	55.05^b	50.05	0.053	52.38^a	57.44	0.006	52.73^a	56.45	0.022
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 16 – *Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	21.67	21.68	0.985	3.63	3.58	0.838	29.73	29.10	0.210	22.54	22.63	0.752	23.51	23.50	0.976
Northeast	22.62	22.66	0.930	4.07	3.83	0.472	33.53^a	31.90	0.044	22.95	23.24	0.588	24.32	24.37	0.923
Midwest	23.40	23.57	0.638	4.30^a	3.69	0.038	32.49	32.10	0.550	24.25	24.58	0.444	25.38	25.61	0.552
South	20.54	20.77	0.454	3.16	3.28	0.606	26.96	27.50	0.367	21.64	21.82	0.639	22.35	22.58	0.499
West	21.30	20.79	0.187	3.52	3.82	0.388	28.97^a	27.03	0.013	22.22	21.80	0.383	23.12	22.50	0.144
Alabama	18.75^a	20.69	0.035	3.10	3.98	0.184	24.40^b	27.51	0.054	19.70	21.56	0.101	20.34^a	22.38	0.043
Alaska	21.13^b	19.26	0.088	3.58	3.16	0.480	24.38	23.55	0.640	22.93	20.71	0.109	23.11^b	21.06	0.094
Arizona	22.19	21.54	0.542	3.35	3.26	0.862	29.41	28.66	0.681	23.28	22.53	0.584	24.13	23.38	0.522
Arkansas	19.15	19.41	0.796	3.24	3.62	0.498	26.52	26.26	0.883	19.97	20.27	0.809	20.87	21.11	0.831
California	21.07	21.17	0.874	3.55	4.29	0.185	29.72^b	27.36	0.063	21.81	22.19	0.614	22.87	22.88	0.988
Colorado	24.61	22.99	0.112	4.51	4.26	0.712	31.83^b	28.44	0.068	25.77	24.22	0.225	26.58	24.79	0.109
Connecticut	21.90	23.50	0.141	3.91	4.37	0.497	35.38	37.29	0.393	21.79	23.45	0.218	23.62	25.30	0.158
Delaware	21.16^b	22.89	0.096	3.15	3.36	0.709	32.17	29.53	0.161	21.57^b	24.05	0.054	22.84^b	24.71	0.100
District of Columbia	32.55	31.36	0.419	4.23	5.52	0.177	46.04	43.40	0.262	32.35	31.27	0.536	34.34	33.05	0.407
Florida	20.21	21.02	0.257	2.81	3.03	0.580	25.86	26.38	0.688	21.19	22.07	0.301	21.73	22.57	0.275
Georgia	19.11^a	20.91	0.032	3.04	3.20	0.746	27.24	27.69	0.756	19.87^a	22.09	0.043	20.90^a	22.87	0.035
Hawaii	20.73	20.69	0.968	3.98	3.70	0.700	28.90	25.97	0.151	21.40	21.75	0.792	22.23	22.21	0.986
Idaho	21.02	20.46	0.572	3.77	3.70	0.905	28.50	27.49	0.585	22.16	21.52	0.617	23.07	22.40	0.546
Illinois	23.21^a	25.50	0.007	4.70	4.56	0.819	31.57	30.96	0.688	24.12^a	27.12	0.005	25.11^a	27.63	0.007
Indiana	20.66	19.67	0.253	3.22	2.79	0.391	29.18	27.03	0.196	21.43	20.55	0.420	22.55	21.49	0.272
Iowa	23.68	23.54	0.902	4.61^b	3.35	0.055	33.16	34.05	0.639	24.42	24.23	0.895	25.71	25.68	0.980
Kansas	23.39	23.87	0.651	3.92	4.58	0.349	33.80	35.43	0.392	24.16	24.39	0.868	25.60	26.04	0.701
Kentucky	19.12	18.62	0.605	3.07	2.84	0.662	27.33	26.00	0.438	19.77	19.37	0.744	20.78	20.26	0.620
Louisiana	24.44	25.22	0.475	3.77	3.88	0.849	28.83	29.73	0.646	26.34	27.18	0.544	26.68	27.52	0.482
Maine	19.53	19.96	0.710	3.22	3.62	0.518	32.18	33.62	0.498	19.47	19.74	0.844	20.88	21.28	0.743
Maryland	20.26	20.04	0.817	2.98	2.92	0.905	29.94^a	25.92	0.028	20.87	21.17	0.794	22.00	21.77	0.824
Massachusetts	23.15	23.46	0.758	4.05	4.10	0.946	37.22	34.16	0.122	22.79	23.66	0.482	24.81	25.12	0.775
Michigan	21.80	21.74	0.942	3.42	2.98	0.315	30.47	29.54	0.492	22.51	22.62	0.895	23.59	23.56	0.966
Minnesota	24.00	23.32	0.529	4.42	3.49	0.146	34.26	34.25	0.996	24.84	24.07	0.573	26.07	25.41	0.576
Mississippi	18.78	19.54	0.408	2.77	3.51	0.179	26.83	27.28	0.797	19.57	20.35	0.511	20.60	21.34	0.466
Missouri	20.88	22.16	0.218	3.53	3.41	0.835	28.34	29.48	0.547	21.79	23.23	0.256	22.67	24.07	0.215
Montana	25.65^a	22.94	0.023	4.81	3.96	0.243	39.08^a	34.67	0.048	25.91^b	23.24	0.065	27.66^a	24.75	0.025
Nebraska	25.17	23.63	0.135	5.36^a	3.36	0.007	35.97^a	31.91	0.043	25.96	24.90	0.427	27.43	25.94	0.189
Nevada	23.40	22.67	0.510	4.20	3.74	0.517	26.54	27.94	0.448	25.18	24.09	0.430	25.34	24.55	0.519
New Hampshire	23.48	23.95	0.677	4.15	3.74	0.499	37.09	37.03	0.977	23.44	24.05	0.653	25.11	25.61	0.680
New Jersey	22.60	22.02	0.547	4.71^a	3.06	0.005	32.65^a	28.57	0.015	23.21	23.24	0.983	24.38	23.90	0.644
New Mexico	22.92^b	21.10	0.081	3.52	3.76	0.694	28.91	27.91	0.593	24.37^b	22.12	0.081	24.99^b	22.90	0.072
New York	23.66	22.57	0.174	4.05	4.26	0.726	32.29	31.03	0.386	24.40	23.18	0.217	25.42	24.20	0.161
North Carolina	19.16^b	20.80	0.064	2.68	3.07	0.414	24.79	27.56	0.107	20.21	21.80	0.150	20.82^b	22.57	0.073
North Dakota	26.72	25.14	0.187	5.01	3.91	0.147	40.43	38.01	0.277	26.81	25.30	0.327	29.00	27.38	0.223
Ohio	24.38	23.74	0.446	4.55^b	3.67	0.075	32.58	32.91	0.811	25.44	24.67	0.458	26.38	25.76	0.496
Oklahoma	20.20	18.97	0.191	3.67	2.99	0.222	25.56	27.38	0.328	21.47	19.63	0.128	22.06	20.76	0.216
Oregon	22.33^a	20.23	0.028	3.78	3.33	0.431	32.93^b	29.75	0.079	22.77^b	20.63	0.073	24.03^a	21.75	0.029
Pennsylvania	20.73^a	22.33	0.045	3.66	3.51	0.756	31.96	30.92	0.511	20.89^a	23.04	0.029	22.31^a	24.07	0.045
Rhode Island	25.73	25.67	0.958	4.21	3.79	0.539	39.58	37.28	0.317	25.57	25.88	0.827	27.54	27.47	0.959
South Carolina	21.09	20.52	0.580	2.96	3.15	0.721	27.44	29.17	0.353	22.21	21.21	0.434	22.89	22.24	0.563
South Dakota	23.02	23.30	0.804	4.09	3.51	0.357	32.88	35.10	0.285	23.90	23.92	0.990	25.16	25.51	0.779
Tennessee	20.08	19.65	0.660	3.30	3.07	0.673	27.15	27.64	0.780	20.96	20.36	0.618	21.77	21.31	0.670
Texas	21.88	20.93	0.139	3.51	3.35	0.737	26.13	26.55	0.729	23.73	22.40	0.107	24.08	23.01	0.134
Utah	13.69	13.03	0.446	1.91	2.13	0.693	16.95	17.79	0.635	14.98	13.80	0.296	15.34	14.54	0.411
Vermont	26.82	25.43	0.223	5.26	4.11	0.129	42.43	40.10	0.301	26.35	25.12	0.382	28.57	27.15	0.248
Virginia	21.38	20.75	0.449	3.12	3.75	0.206	31.55	31.46	0.958	21.91	21.04	0.407	23.20	22.43	0.403
Washington	19.91	18.99	0.327	2.91	2.95	0.935	26.82	24.64	0.240	20.79	19.93	0.452	21.54	20.51	0.319
West Virginia	16.58^a	19.24	0.011	2.65	3.36	0.241	26.50	29.44	0.126	16.61^a	19.42	0.029	17.85^a	20.69	0.013
Wisconsin	28.70	28.10	0.584	5.97^b	4.49	0.054	40.75	39.77	0.603	29.43	28.96	0.731	30.97	30.43	0.653
Wyoming	21.82	22.81	0.394	3.53	3.94	0.507	31.51	31.73	0.912	22.65	23.80	0.433	23.83	24.86	0.424
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 17 – *Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12‑17 (2021‑2022)	12‑17 (2022‑2023)	12‑17 (P Value)	18‑25 (2021‑2022)	18‑25 (2022‑2023)	18‑25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	43.78^a	44.58	0.004	41.48	41.16	0.536	38.71	38.92	0.644	44.83^a	45.85	0.002	44.01^a	44.92	0.003
Northeast	42.79^a	44.15	0.009	40.49	41.64	0.150	37.80	37.60	0.789	43.77^a	45.38	0.011	43.00^a	44.37	0.014
Midwest	40.13	39.93	0.645	39.02	38.15	0.213	35.02	35.08	0.927	41.07	40.91	0.759	40.24	40.11	0.778
South	44.97^a	45.97	0.010	42.73	42.59	0.822	39.92	40.38	0.464	46.02^a	47.24	0.011	45.20^a	46.32	0.009
West	45.76^b	46.68	0.062	42.25	41.13	0.176	40.69	40.91	0.792	46.97^a	48.22	0.039	46.12^a	47.24	0.037
Alabama	43.11	43.57	0.678	39.92	40.94	0.577	38.93	39.09	0.925	44.15	44.60	0.735	43.43	43.84	0.737
Alaska	41.91	42.22	0.806	41.48	39.28	0.282	36.22	37.24	0.609	42.78	43.29	0.742	41.96	42.55	0.668
Arizona	44.32	43.41	0.500	40.70	38.33	0.230	39.87	37.64	0.269	45.47	44.92	0.740	44.69	43.91	0.596
Arkansas	42.71	42.89	0.885	41.73	41.12	0.742	37.50	39.80	0.188	43.67	43.61	0.969	42.82	43.08	0.845
California	47.95^a	49.80	0.017	43.57	42.55	0.449	43.69	43.84	0.903	49.13^a	51.57	0.011	48.40^a	50.54	0.012
Colorado	43.31	43.98	0.563	40.74	38.28	0.173	37.06	37.69	0.718	44.56	45.58	0.470	43.56	44.53	0.440
Connecticut	42.72	41.72	0.425	39.60	38.76	0.644	39.10^b	35.76	0.096	43.63	42.95	0.657	43.02	41.99	0.447
Delaware	43.24	42.53	0.573	41.91	40.94	0.603	38.10	37.00	0.558	44.08	43.44	0.676	43.36	42.67	0.615
District of Columbia	42.44	41.56	0.526	44.18^a	39.67	0.047	35.84	38.00	0.295	43.43	42.33	0.508	42.33	41.68	0.659
Florida	47.53	48.39	0.304	44.55	42.94	0.240	41.78	42.32	0.702	48.56	49.70	0.253	47.78	48.86	0.234
Georgia	47.28	47.07	0.843	45.29	43.55	0.280	43.52	44.23	0.653	48.15	47.99	0.901	47.50	47.46	0.970
Hawaii	45.76	43.94	0.231	43.76	40.99	0.204	38.23	41.73	0.124	46.89	44.49	0.183	45.94	44.20	0.290
Idaho	41.63	43.69	0.130	40.00	37.58	0.234	36.02	36.85	0.662	42.80^b	45.71	0.087	41.82^b	44.39	0.084
Illinois	42.43	40.81	0.113	40.15	39.04	0.461	38.29	38.02	0.849	43.34	41.45	0.129	42.66	40.99	0.129
Indiana	39.95	41.01	0.367	39.83^b	36.75	0.093	34.52	34.74	0.902	40.89	42.60	0.238	39.96	41.46	0.240
Iowa	36.29	36.94	0.583	36.57	36.48	0.961	31.16	30.77	0.825	37.15	38.07	0.539	36.26	36.98	0.571
Kansas	39.83	38.87	0.415	38.38	37.66	0.728	34.16	34.13	0.987	41.02	39.87	0.439	40.00	39.00	0.440
Kentucky	39.27^a	42.32	0.012	35.66^a	41.15	0.006	33.04	33.82	0.647	40.67^a	43.76	0.041	39.64^a	42.44	0.034
Louisiana	45.72	45.95	0.854	43.97	42.73	0.481	39.78^a	43.46	0.050	46.87	46.74	0.932	45.91	46.29	0.775
Maine	37.76	39.23	0.283	37.59	38.22	0.723	32.26	30.36	0.309	38.46	40.41	0.228	37.77	39.31	0.295
Maryland	44.88^a	48.30	0.008	43.39	45.98	0.168	39.90	43.05	0.114	45.76^a	49.30	0.026	45.03^a	48.53	0.013
Massachusetts	40.91	41.96	0.392	34.21^a	39.53	0.006	36.63^b	33.16	0.078	42.28	43.62	0.377	41.48	42.16	0.606
Michigan	41.20	42.15	0.290	39.69	38.31	0.314	36.51	37.72	0.402	42.11	43.26	0.285	41.35	42.51	0.231
Minnesota	38.09	37.45	0.617	37.18	35.82	0.504	33.31	32.98	0.861	38.92	38.32	0.704	38.18	37.62	0.684
Mississippi	47.12	46.33	0.519	46.83	44.71	0.254	41.41	40.25	0.552	48.10	47.56	0.723	47.15	46.51	0.628
Missouri	39.80	40.01	0.869	39.09	41.11	0.264	33.91	34.98	0.568	40.79	40.66	0.929	39.87	39.89	0.987
Montana	37.59	38.59	0.448	36.50	36.27	0.910	31.22	33.76	0.203	38.69	39.58	0.583	37.69	38.81	0.435
Nebraska	38.94	38.64	0.796	36.53	36.51	0.988	33.37	32.73	0.736	40.23	39.95	0.848	39.21	38.88	0.791
Nevada	48.11	46.55	0.205	44.52^a	39.68	0.011	43.91	42.51	0.489	49.09	47.87	0.413	48.47	47.24	0.354
New Hampshire	38.07	38.60	0.686	36.83	34.08	0.133	32.53	31.06	0.454	38.95	40.05	0.489	38.17	38.97	0.571
New Jersey	45.47	46.11	0.595	43.16	43.77	0.717	40.18	41.52	0.412	46.48	47.01	0.713	45.70	46.33	0.621
New Mexico	49.77	50.50	0.563	45.00	43.38	0.450	42.41	43.71	0.517	51.52	52.43	0.557	50.28	51.24	0.481
New York	44.71^b	46.53	0.058	42.40	41.81	0.687	39.45	40.38	0.508	45.73^b	47.93	0.059	44.91^a	46.95	0.048
North Carolina	44.25	45.87	0.138	42.46	40.98	0.412	40.09	42.24	0.221	45.10	46.99	0.155	44.43	46.35	0.101
North Dakota	38.14	38.74	0.647	40.39	39.35	0.598	31.08	33.66	0.162	39.22	39.67	0.787	37.90	38.67	0.591
Ohio	40.09	39.70	0.653	39.20	38.60	0.647	34.76	34.40	0.779	41.01	40.62	0.721	40.18	39.80	0.692
Oklahoma	43.52	43.39	0.914	41.55	41.76	0.910	37.07	36.97	0.961	44.89	44.72	0.911	43.75	43.57	0.897
Oregon	40.54	41.39	0.489	36.86	37.62	0.686	34.11	36.92	0.145	41.83	42.39	0.706	40.87	41.72	0.521
Pennsylvania	40.25^a	42.38	0.035	40.22^b	43.17	0.054	35.25	35.39	0.921	40.99^b	43.33	0.055	40.25^b	42.30	0.058
Rhode Island	43.47^a	46.11	0.046	39.93	41.68	0.365	38.59	40.45	0.376	44.61^b	47.45	0.075	43.76^b	46.47	0.054
South Carolina	43.64	44.64	0.439	42.76	43.56	0.716	39.11	39.05	0.976	44.41	45.59	0.456	43.73	44.75	0.464
South Dakota	38.86	38.59	0.834	39.55	37.41	0.270	32.47	32.22	0.902	39.81	39.80	0.996	38.78	38.72	0.966
Tennessee	43.29	43.83	0.667	42.47	40.70	0.371	38.65	35.64	0.116	44.08	45.43	0.373	43.37	44.14	0.566
Texas	45.18^b	46.70	0.063	42.16	43.19	0.446	40.58	40.40	0.888	46.41^b	48.30	0.065	45.54^b	47.11	0.075
Utah	45.43^a	48.14	0.023	48.21	49.17	0.667	36.85	39.33	0.257	46.90^a	50.01	0.035	45.04^a	48.00	0.022
Vermont	38.04	36.76	0.341	31.55	32.88	0.460	32.63	29.62	0.130	39.51	38.24	0.432	38.56	37.07	0.300
Virginia	43.02	43.41	0.698	41.87	40.93	0.523	37.14	37.02	0.935	44.06	44.67	0.617	43.13	43.65	0.633
Washington	41.90	40.83	0.347	37.05	37.94	0.607	36.59	35.60	0.590	43.17	41.87	0.347	42.36	41.10	0.308
West Virginia	43.16	43.51	0.813	40.91	41.48	0.791	36.17	37.21	0.615	44.41	44.64	0.895	43.37	43.70	0.834
Wisconsin	39.00	38.74	0.829	38.21	37.79	0.817	33.75	32.77	0.555	39.92	39.79	0.929	39.08	38.83	0.850
Wyoming	40.93	40.50	0.752	39.36	36.94	0.222	34.04^b	37.68	0.085	42.18	41.37	0.627	41.10	40.88	0.882
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 18 – *Alcohol Use in the Past Month, Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month, and Perceptions of Great Risk from Having Five or More Drinks of an Alcoholic Beverage Once or Twice a Week:* Among People Aged 12 to 20; by State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	Alcohol Use in Past Month (2021‑2022)	Alcohol Use in Past Month (2022‑2023)	Alcohol Use in Past Month (P Value)	Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month¹ (2021‑2022)	Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month¹ (2022‑2023)	Binge Alcohol Use in Past Month¹ (P Value)	Perceptions of Great Risk² (2021‑2022)	Perceptions of Great Risk² (2022‑2023)	Perceptions of Great Risk² (P Value)
Total U.S.	15.37	14.88	0.163	8.40	8.39	0.965	40.93	40.63	0.487
Northeast	17.69	16.72	0.191	9.54	9.36	0.772	38.95^a	40.62	0.013
Midwest	17.15	16.28	0.202	10.12	9.53	0.337	37.80	37.68	0.833
South	13.84	13.70	0.832	7.43	7.71	0.598	42.62	42.08	0.325
West	14.73	14.36	0.601	7.72	7.86	0.809	42.27^a	40.85	0.044
Alabama	13.81	14.81	0.331	7.65^a	9.71	0.018	39.75	40.13	0.787
Alaska	12.56	12.52	0.972	7.72	6.72	0.227	40.96	38.74	0.172
Arizona	16.29^b	14.24	0.093	8.46	8.55	0.923	42.47^a	38.10	0.006
Arkansas	13.85	13.40	0.671	8.39	8.08	0.697	41.26	41.39	0.928
California	13.97	13.71	0.767	7.10	7.65	0.414	43.84	42.33	0.180
Colorado	16.96	17.50	0.680	10.03	9.53	0.625	40.77	38.24	0.125
Connecticut	17.00	18.14	0.386	8.13^a	10.67	0.021	38.83	39.62	0.624
Delaware	15.58	14.82	0.506	8.96	8.13	0.406	41.73	40.03	0.273
District of Columbia	19.18	18.78	0.806	10.07	9.65	0.757	42.74	40.93	0.399
Florida	14.17	14.47	0.748	6.95	7.20	0.727	44.59	42.90	0.141
Georgia	13.22	12.42	0.415	6.84	7.25	0.579	45.42	44.40	0.470
Hawaii	12.99	12.35	0.575	7.44	7.15	0.750	43.45	41.00	0.165
Idaho	14.58	15.58	0.369	8.20^b	9.78	0.073	39.20	38.29	0.578
Illinois	16.44	17.04	0.572	9.39	9.91	0.540	39.47	38.20	0.312
Indiana	12.89	13.04	0.881	7.33	6.99	0.675	39.05	37.91	0.406
Iowa	19.82^b	17.57	0.096	11.05	10.52	0.613	34.22	34.83	0.696
Kansas	16.40	15.68	0.523	10.24	10.04	0.836	37.90	37.64	0.873
Kentucky	12.78	12.15	0.580	7.58	7.23	0.665	35.38^a	39.58	0.007
Louisiana	15.68	15.32	0.749	9.39	9.19	0.822	43.84	42.09	0.232
Maine	16.55	18.25	0.244	8.96	9.92	0.416	35.53	36.61	0.486
Maryland	13.02	13.26	0.824	7.07	6.62	0.568	42.93	45.50	0.101
Massachusetts	23.23^a	20.14	0.040	11.47	10.66	0.461	34.19^a	39.03	0.003
Michigan	15.50	14.38	0.232	8.40	8.05	0.655	38.80	39.04	0.839
Minnesota	19.88	18.15	0.167	12.01^b	10.21	0.072	35.73	35.34	0.798
Mississippi	12.85	12.51	0.723	6.72	7.56	0.248	46.15	45.17	0.513
Missouri	15.43	14.87	0.639	8.02	8.32	0.722	38.27	39.88	0.252
Montana	18.91	17.40	0.252	12.02	10.52	0.150	35.39	34.84	0.721
Nebraska	17.58^a	14.73	0.014	11.28^a	9.00	0.015	35.99	35.48	0.717
Nevada	15.99	14.93	0.365	8.64	7.89	0.397	44.96^a	40.62	0.008
New Hampshire	19.27	19.34	0.958	10.49	11.23	0.466	34.87	33.84	0.479
New Jersey	16.60^a	14.33	0.038	9.13	7.76	0.114	41.25	42.31	0.411
New Mexico	13.58	14.26	0.518	8.33	8.50	0.847	45.29	43.80	0.348
New York	17.10	16.57	0.565	9.48	9.46	0.978	40.76	41.83	0.357
North Carolina	12.29	13.53	0.167	6.85^b	8.10	0.096	42.15	41.97	0.897
North Dakota	20.65^a	17.46	0.019	14.02^a	10.65	0.002	37.81	37.02	0.611
Ohio	18.18	17.13	0.294	11.39	10.37	0.212	37.43	37.93	0.653
Oklahoma	14.27^a	11.49	0.011	7.90	6.88	0.177	40.77	40.76	0.996
Oregon	17.90	17.39	0.650	9.25	8.62	0.457	37.08	38.63	0.313
Pennsylvania	15.80	15.72	0.940	8.64	8.85	0.784	38.50	39.91	0.248
Rhode Island	21.06	20.10	0.502	12.20	11.20	0.399	37.82^a	41.83	0.012
South Carolina	13.98	14.37	0.741	7.16	8.29	0.204	42.15	42.38	0.887
South Dakota	16.31^a	13.16	0.007	10.55^a	8.15	0.014	38.28	37.38	0.576
Tennessee	13.79	13.30	0.600	7.68	7.35	0.640	41.62	39.54	0.138
Texas	13.65	13.00	0.444	7.29	7.33	0.954	42.77	41.73	0.350
Utah	9.63	10.07	0.731	4.90	5.74	0.400	44.31	45.22	0.624
Vermont	22.29	20.14	0.152	15.23^a	11.50	0.003	30.58	32.86	0.167
Virginia	16.68	17.28	0.528	8.83	9.30	0.549	40.72	41.02	0.817
Washington	16.47	15.65	0.458	7.90	6.71	0.158	36.82	38.02	0.412
West Virginia	12.00	13.15	0.341	7.51	8.59	0.318	38.85	40.54	0.315
Wisconsin	21.54	19.58	0.117	13.78	12.18	0.170	36.12	36.49	0.799
Wyoming	14.01	15.36	0.290	8.99	9.12	0.899	38.25	37.92	0.840
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. ² Perceptions of great risk from having five or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage once or twice a week. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 19 – *Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	19.07^a	17.83	0.000	2.43^a	1.91	0.003	16.44^a	15.56	0.018	21.42^a	20.03	0.000	20.76^a	19.43	0.000
Northeast	17.27^a	16.24	0.013	2.62^a	1.75	0.000	15.00	15.03	0.963	19.15^a	17.92	0.016	18.61^a	17.55	0.019
Midwest	21.86^a	20.01	0.000	2.88^a	1.98	0.000	18.78^a	17.11	0.004	24.62^a	22.62	0.000	23.82^a	21.86	0.000
South	20.88^a	19.93	0.006	2.31^b	1.99	0.093	16.73	16.33	0.420	23.76^a	22.63	0.009	22.82^a	21.78	0.007
West	15.03^a	13.70	0.001	2.09	1.84	0.257	14.91^a	13.32	0.004	16.59^a	15.15	0.005	16.36^a	14.90	0.001
Alabama	25.50	26.16	0.566	3.24	2.51	0.139	16.84	18.78	0.221	29.48	30.13	0.662	27.76	28.56	0.531
Alaska	22.53^a	18.81	0.002	3.19	2.85	0.600	21.60	19.90	0.398	25.15^a	20.69	0.004	24.71^a	20.60	0.003
Arizona	18.45^b	16.54	0.082	1.87	2.05	0.621	16.64^a	12.64	0.010	20.72	18.85	0.176	20.15^b	17.99	0.075
Arkansas	25.45	24.93	0.659	3.18^a	2.18	0.041	15.69	17.91	0.180	29.80	28.91	0.547	27.85	27.38	0.716
California	12.14^a	11.07	0.045	1.61	1.74	0.660	11.16	11.32	0.851	13.54^a	12.12	0.036	13.22^a	12.01	0.041
Colorado	18.29^a	16.19	0.019	3.00	2.31	0.164	20.44^a	17.01	0.033	19.69^b	17.61	0.064	19.79^a	17.53	0.021
Connecticut	16.45	15.67	0.414	2.54^b	1.79	0.058	16.31	16.08	0.882	18.01	17.12	0.459	17.78	16.98	0.442
Delaware	18.89	18.85	0.970	1.92	1.84	0.832	16.34	15.97	0.805	21.04	21.04	0.999	20.48	20.43	0.969
District of Columbia	15.97	15.31	0.513	2.88	2.57	0.620	21.88	20.48	0.433	15.95	15.40	0.658	16.81	16.14	0.533
Florida	16.94^a	15.47	0.030	1.78	1.77	0.968	13.69	13.68	0.992	18.86^a	17.03	0.028	18.27^a	16.65	0.028
Georgia	21.57	21.65	0.933	2.65	2.08	0.156	17.73	18.49	0.596	24.65	24.69	0.978	23.69	23.82	0.896
Hawaii	14.05	14.98	0.382	2.43	2.07	0.571	14.63	14.59	0.985	15.16	16.32	0.369	15.10	16.14	0.367
Idaho	18.31^b	16.31	0.052	2.87^a	1.25	0.000	21.60^a	15.81	0.001	19.89	18.45	0.280	20.14^b	18.06	0.070
Illinois	19.27	18.09	0.114	3.07^a	1.79	0.001	15.57	16.07	0.678	21.75	20.31	0.124	20.93	19.75	0.148
Indiana	23.63^a	21.25	0.018	2.56^b	1.89	0.091	20.42^a	16.16	0.003	26.83^b	24.55	0.074	25.91^a	23.33	0.021
Iowa	21.41^a	18.84	0.027	3.26^a	1.60	0.001	17.52	16.53	0.550	24.35^a	21.39	0.047	23.34^a	20.67	0.037
Kansas	22.06^a	19.49	0.017	2.85^a	1.88	0.024	17.70	16.16	0.330	25.37^a	22.43	0.033	24.23^a	21.48	0.021
Kentucky	28.35^a	24.50	0.001	3.10^b	2.20	0.074	21.04^a	17.19	0.017	32.50^a	28.29	0.005	30.96^a	26.81	0.002
Louisiana	26.83	26.30	0.624	2.80	2.68	0.789	16.10^b	19.21	0.065	31.49	30.36	0.409	29.42	28.85	0.632
Maine	20.38	20.09	0.815	2.08	1.90	0.730	22.48	19.78	0.195	21.82	21.78	0.976	21.89	21.56	0.803
Maryland	16.61^b	15.11	0.085	2.00	1.65	0.336	15.64	15.06	0.689	18.43	16.67	0.104	18.08^b	16.47	0.091
Massachusetts	15.61^a	13.77	0.035	3.24^a	2.02	0.010	14.01	15.51	0.320	17.13^a	14.66	0.024	16.69^a	14.77	0.044
Michigan	20.54	19.34	0.106	2.38	2.03	0.328	16.62	15.01	0.161	23.20	21.94	0.179	22.31	21.01	0.110
Minnesota	18.40^a	15.67	0.004	3.59^a	1.60	0.000	20.60	18.14	0.143	19.87^a	17.00	0.018	19.96^a	17.15	0.007
Mississippi	25.79	25.72	0.954	2.58	2.44	0.768	18.40	18.62	0.898	30.06	29.96	0.948	28.42	28.34	0.954
Missouri	27.08^a	24.14	0.011	3.26^a	2.00	0.008	20.52	17.63	0.102	30.93^a	27.78	0.032	29.53^a	26.41	0.014
Montana	21.63^a	19.34	0.038	3.94^a	1.76	0.001	25.75	24.18	0.481	22.97^b	20.54	0.077	23.34^b	21.02	0.054
Nebraska	18.77^a	16.78	0.041	2.14^b	1.47	0.065	15.83	15.06	0.619	21.49^b	19.12	0.058	20.66^a	18.52	0.048
Nevada	20.08^b	18.04	0.055	1.93	2.12	0.599	16.80	14.71	0.158	22.61^b	20.29	0.081	21.92^b	19.63	0.051
New Hampshire	16.48	16.61	0.902	2.12	1.59	0.155	20.74	18.02	0.131	17.27	17.81	0.670	17.69	17.84	0.895
New Jersey	13.51	13.13	0.614	1.92	1.46	0.146	13.60	12.95	0.618	14.81	14.47	0.710	14.66	14.29	0.645
New Mexico	22.26^a	19.28	0.008	2.89	2.72	0.745	21.66^a	18.00	0.032	24.73^a	21.47	0.024	24.31^a	21.00	0.008
New York	16.97^b	15.70	0.067	2.85^a	1.70	0.004	13.21^a	15.32	0.050	18.99^a	17.18	0.036	18.24^b	16.94	0.086
North Carolina	21.24	20.45	0.416	2.47	1.90	0.138	16.84	17.11	0.849	24.11	23.11	0.412	23.13	22.30	0.436
North Dakota	24.02^a	21.38	0.021	3.10^b	2.18	0.093	22.71^a	17.23	0.005	26.89	24.63	0.133	26.22^a	23.41	0.026
Ohio	25.43^a	23.46	0.018	3.09	2.68	0.360	21.76	20.14	0.188	28.59^a	26.36	0.033	27.69^a	25.55	0.019
Oklahoma	25.80	24.54	0.283	2.98	2.52	0.384	22.86	23.98	0.568	29.30	27.55	0.245	28.36	27.02	0.302
Oregon	18.18	18.57	0.735	3.12	2.62	0.369	21.93	20.28	0.383	19.23	19.97	0.603	19.56	20.01	0.720
Pennsylvania	20.80	20.16	0.452	2.57^b	1.91	0.076	16.70^b	14.48	0.075	23.35	22.93	0.694	22.49	21.84	0.480
Rhode Island	20.37^a	17.11	0.003	2.83^a	1.88	0.030	21.29^a	14.91	0.000	21.93^a	18.93	0.030	21.84^a	18.37	0.004
South Carolina	22.28	20.60	0.130	2.40	1.94	0.273	18.34	15.92	0.114	25.12	23.41	0.222	24.25	22.44	0.136
South Dakota	22.09	20.69	0.224	2.88^b	2.00	0.076	19.66	18.93	0.703	25.00	23.42	0.279	24.25	22.78	0.246
Tennessee	25.25^b	23.31	0.091	2.71	2.30	0.372	19.22	17.38	0.245	28.77	26.63	0.136	27.52^b	25.41	0.095
Texas	18.96	18.42	0.406	1.95	1.78	0.579	15.25	14.71	0.588	22.00	21.38	0.471	21.00	20.39	0.405
Utah	12.54^a	10.00	0.001	1.68^a	0.88	0.026	13.76^a	9.52	0.002	14.11^a	11.68	0.013	14.05^a	11.26	0.001
Vermont	21.13^a	17.80	0.002	3.11^a	1.50	0.001	20.58	18.32	0.239	22.92^a	19.24	0.007	22.60^a	19.11	0.003
Virginia	17.94	17.48	0.583	1.98	1.79	0.546	17.99^a	15.11	0.024	19.76	19.64	0.907	19.53	19.04	0.591
Washington	16.26	15.03	0.195	2.95^a	1.59	0.002	17.96^a	14.21	0.019	17.48	16.60	0.458	17.53	16.31	0.235
West Virginia	32.54	30.37	0.141	3.24	2.96	0.657	25.65^a	20.81	0.008	36.60	34.63	0.281	35.22	32.87	0.144
Wisconsin	19.31	18.58	0.451	2.20	1.76	0.261	19.59	17.95	0.282	21.25	20.61	0.597	21.02	20.24	0.463
Wyoming	24.22	22.99	0.389	2.91	2.34	0.306	27.26	25.54	0.472	26.45	25.19	0.480	26.56	25.23	0.402
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 20 – *Cigarette Use in the Past Month:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	15.28^a	14.10	0.000	1.45	1.28	0.215	11.27^b	10.67	0.060	17.51^a	16.12	0.000	16.68^a	15.39	0.000
Northeast	13.68^a	12.80	0.029	1.28	1.26	0.866	10.37	10.18	0.759	15.47^a	14.40	0.032	14.81^a	13.85	0.028
Midwest	17.66^a	15.97	0.000	1.72	1.47	0.175	13.64^a	11.81	0.000	20.20^a	18.35	0.000	19.31^a	17.46	0.000
South	16.72^a	15.47	0.000	1.28	1.19	0.571	11.10	10.71	0.356	19.45^a	17.92	0.000	18.33^a	16.95	0.000
West	12.04^a	11.21	0.023	1.62	1.28	0.130	10.06	9.95	0.837	13.58^a	12.56	0.024	13.11^a	12.22	0.025
Alabama	19.40	20.67	0.262	1.31	1.61	0.367	11.14	11.45	0.847	22.83	24.41	0.264	21.24	22.61	0.273
Alaska	18.55^a	13.74	0.000	1.78	1.70	0.858	14.67	15.10	0.811	21.27^a	15.08	0.000	20.44^a	15.09	0.000
Arizona	14.79	14.48	0.769	1.67	1.52	0.738	11.41	9.86	0.319	16.89	16.74	0.905	16.13	15.79	0.757
Arkansas	20.53	19.59	0.441	1.62	1.67	0.892	11.30	12.60	0.391	24.38	22.97	0.357	22.57	21.52	0.433
California	10.06^b	9.15	0.078	1.36	1.07	0.305	7.52	8.14	0.449	11.49^b	10.25	0.054	10.95^b	9.96	0.082
Colorado	13.19	12.23	0.262	2.34^a	1.38	0.032	13.12	12.92	0.890	14.43	13.33	0.297	14.25	13.27	0.293
Connecticut	12.52	12.63	0.908	1.23	0.98	0.314	10.18	10.73	0.731	14.13	14.19	0.960	13.60	13.73	0.904
Delaware	15.69	15.60	0.934	1.35	1.56	0.540	11.50	10.92	0.684	17.78	17.72	0.960	17.03	16.90	0.915
District of Columbia	12.74	11.95	0.397	1.46	2.34	0.112	11.57^a	15.68	0.036	13.79	12.04	0.122	13.47	12.57	0.370
Florida	13.83^a	12.22	0.012	0.79	0.93	0.464	8.21	9.00	0.399	15.85^a	13.73	0.007	14.97^a	13.19	0.010
Georgia	17.66	16.23	0.124	1.24	1.31	0.797	11.58	10.33	0.289	20.78	19.11	0.161	19.49	17.88	0.118
Hawaii	11.46	12.14	0.499	1.17	1.76	0.180	14.60^a	9.13	0.002	12.11	13.54	0.237	12.38	13.07	0.530
Idaho	14.20	12.69	0.122	2.29^a	1.11	0.008	15.85	13.01	0.124	15.56	14.22	0.270	15.61	14.03	0.145
Illinois	15.33	14.38	0.206	1.64	1.59	0.868	10.68	10.03	0.548	17.67	16.55	0.230	16.74	15.68	0.199
Indiana	19.67^a	17.39	0.023	1.72	1.32	0.201	14.82^a	11.54	0.010	22.76^b	20.41	0.070	21.61^a	19.12	0.025
Iowa	17.15^b	15.02	0.063	1.78	1.54	0.509	12.99	12.57	0.811	19.79^b	17.13	0.065	18.79^b	16.45	0.064
Kansas	17.62^a	14.93	0.014	1.86	1.73	0.761	12.12	11.38	0.612	20.67^a	17.32	0.015	19.40^a	16.42	0.014
Kentucky	22.81^a	19.82	0.010	1.77	1.50	0.485	16.60^a	13.29	0.049	26.29^a	23.01	0.025	24.99^a	21.72	0.011
Louisiana	21.63	20.37	0.254	1.32	1.49	0.590	12.23	12.56	0.835	25.62	23.95	0.227	23.82	22.40	0.245
Maine	17.69	16.43	0.273	1.58	1.95	0.438	15.93	16.17	0.916	19.42	17.77	0.230	19.03	17.60	0.250
Maryland	13.90^a	11.38	0.003	1.24	0.87	0.121	11.88^a	8.79	0.027	15.65^a	12.95	0.011	15.17^a	12.44	0.004
Massachusetts	12.16^b	10.63	0.083	1.41	1.51	0.763	9.50	11.09	0.333	13.68^a	11.46	0.042	13.10^b	11.41	0.078
Michigan	16.39	15.90	0.516	1.26	1.19	0.758	11.43	10.57	0.380	18.87	18.38	0.597	17.87	17.33	0.508
Minnesota	15.14^a	12.75	0.014	2.13^a	1.10	0.013	15.58	14.14	0.424	16.66^a	13.95	0.026	16.52^a	13.98	0.017
Mississippi	20.35	20.19	0.900	1.19	1.36	0.604	12.42	12.05	0.833	24.17	24.02	0.923	22.52	22.31	0.880
Missouri	21.52^a	18.89	0.026	1.91	1.63	0.496	16.35^a	11.55	0.010	24.66^b	22.07	0.075	23.54^a	20.65	0.026
Montana	15.80	14.44	0.204	2.08	1.49	0.191	17.54	17.98	0.855	17.07	15.33	0.168	17.13	15.68	0.213
Nebraska	14.85^a	12.39	0.012	1.57	1.11	0.180	9.09	9.66	0.685	17.62^a	14.37	0.008	16.36^a	13.67	0.013
Nevada	16.69	15.64	0.320	1.43	1.04	0.279	11.68	10.24	0.333	19.14	18.02	0.389	18.24	17.10	0.326
New Hampshire	13.56	12.75	0.426	1.55	1.24	0.380	15.10	14.37	0.690	14.51	13.60	0.460	14.58	13.70	0.424
New Jersey	10.78	10.42	0.618	0.95	0.93	0.937	8.90	8.23	0.562	12.17	11.80	0.676	11.76	11.36	0.611
New Mexico	17.84^b	16.03	0.099	2.15	2.45	0.631	17.81	15.06	0.139	19.77	17.82	0.153	19.51^b	17.45	0.087
New York	14.18^a	12.60	0.022	1.28	1.12	0.469	9.74	9.38	0.750	16.17^a	14.26	0.023	15.34^a	13.62	0.022
North Carolina	17.49^b	15.58	0.071	1.23	1.27	0.879	11.53	10.78	0.584	20.30^b	17.97	0.075	19.13^b	17.01	0.068
North Dakota	18.09	16.39	0.171	2.14	1.75	0.458	14.45	12.90	0.433	20.79	18.94	0.251	19.77	17.94	0.181
Ohio	21.11^a	18.72	0.005	1.82	1.62	0.550	17.03^a	13.71	0.006	23.98^a	21.45	0.016	23.06^a	20.43	0.005
Oklahoma	20.99^b	19.11	0.095	1.79	1.62	0.691	15.79	17.91	0.293	24.40^b	21.64	0.052	23.15^b	21.08	0.097
Oregon	14.36	14.71	0.733	2.03	2.19	0.751	16.07	14.76	0.471	15.41	15.99	0.642	15.49	15.84	0.753
Pennsylvania	15.25	15.47	0.787	1.38	1.57	0.462	11.19	10.60	0.614	17.33	17.66	0.742	16.54	16.74	0.816
Rhode Island	16.66^a	14.29	0.031	1.62	1.21	0.173	15.09^b	11.52	0.089	18.39^b	15.99	0.069	17.92^a	15.36	0.031
South Carolina	17.99	16.68	0.249	1.25	1.11	0.629	13.10	12.26	0.610	20.62	19.10	0.276	19.66	18.22	0.250
South Dakota	17.95	16.54	0.236	1.92	1.73	0.645	12.98	14.35	0.502	20.85	18.83	0.175	19.75	18.19	0.235
Tennessee	20.16^b	17.82	0.051	1.56	1.35	0.521	14.26	11.58	0.102	23.20^b	20.67	0.087	22.03^b	19.48	0.051
Texas	14.82	14.37	0.490	1.35	1.00	0.176	9.21	9.53	0.697	17.69	17.09	0.470	16.43	15.96	0.512
Utah	9.44^a	7.94	0.021	1.44^a	0.70	0.025	7.74	7.88	0.908	11.18^a	9.20	0.022	10.56^a	8.94	0.028
Vermont	17.24^a	13.94	0.005	1.79	1.66	0.763	15.22	15.10	0.952	19.02^a	14.90	0.004	18.50^a	14.93	0.005
Virginia	13.66	12.87	0.287	1.17	1.14	0.899	10.71	9.78	0.418	15.55	14.68	0.348	14.90	14.03	0.284
Washington	12.83	12.31	0.553	1.87	1.59	0.459	10.66	11.18	0.723	14.33	13.62	0.508	13.88	13.32	0.561
West Virginia	26.02	24.44	0.252	2.32	2.32	0.995	21.41^b	17.96	0.084	29.17	27.69	0.384	28.19	26.46	0.250
Wisconsin	15.19	14.50	0.453	1.70	1.65	0.887	13.85	12.37	0.319	16.96	16.30	0.562	16.54	15.76	0.445
Wyoming	18.56	16.93	0.223	2.65^b	1.61	0.081	16.08	19.41	0.152	20.95	18.46	0.135	20.30	18.59	0.246
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 21 – *Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes per Day:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	68.56	68.40	0.559	62.13^a	60.97	0.026	63.35^a	61.51	0.000	70.11	70.33	0.492	69.20	69.14	0.833
Northeast	70.81	70.42	0.400	64.18	63.35	0.374	65.98^a	63.74	0.004	72.22	72.15	0.895	71.41	71.05	0.466
Midwest	65.32	65.28	0.924	61.78	60.85	0.245	61.46^a	59.03	0.000	66.35	66.79	0.366	65.68	65.73	0.911
South	68.07	67.77	0.445	61.35^a	59.30	0.004	62.95^a	61.00	0.003	69.66	69.83	0.723	68.76	68.64	0.764
West	70.51	70.67	0.725	62.36	62.27	0.927	63.81	62.96	0.290	72.51	72.84	0.550	71.35	71.52	0.726
Alabama	64.17^a	61.47	0.026	58.84	55.38	0.131	59.58^b	56.47	0.097	65.52^b	62.99	0.089	64.71^a	62.09	0.044
Alaska	64.96	64.79	0.893	60.75	57.26	0.155	53.93	54.09	0.942	67.07	67.25	0.906	65.43	65.63	0.884
Arizona	69.24	68.14	0.369	60.76	57.16	0.129	59.42	58.48	0.648	71.83	70.96	0.568	70.11	69.24	0.507
Arkansas	63.59	62.84	0.542	63.33^a	57.43	0.011	60.60^a	56.18	0.023	64.10	64.59	0.749	63.61	63.42	0.886
California	72.21	73.05	0.232	62.74	63.50	0.616	67.73	66.40	0.317	74.02	75.19	0.178	73.18	74.01	0.272
Colorado	68.38^b	66.43	0.080	59.86	58.50	0.529	57.95	54.71	0.103	70.94	69.11	0.177	69.21^b	67.18	0.086
Connecticut	71.58	70.81	0.511	64.39	61.58	0.227	65.77^b	62.14	0.074	73.28	73.14	0.921	72.27	71.67	0.637
Delaware	70.84	69.90	0.426	61.76	61.75	0.998	68.02^a	62.93	0.005	72.18	71.70	0.738	71.69	70.65	0.418
District of Columbia	75.01	73.75	0.259	60.90^a	54.82	0.017	68.90	65.89	0.134	77.09	76.54	0.683	75.89	74.97	0.428
Florida	72.38	73.21	0.288	63.50	62.99	0.747	65.67	64.57	0.426	74.11	75.32	0.192	73.14	74.08	0.262
Georgia	66.45	66.44	0.994	57.88	56.59	0.502	61.49	61.67	0.909	68.37	68.49	0.929	67.41	67.53	0.910
Hawaii	70.54	70.30	0.846	58.76	59.50	0.765	59.03	58.72	0.890	73.15	72.78	0.807	71.59	71.26	0.803
Idaho	67.12	65.70	0.244	63.70	60.45	0.146	59.41	58.66	0.711	68.88	67.64	0.416	67.52	66.31	0.355
Illinois	68.33	68.23	0.910	62.56	63.21	0.712	67.51^a	64.08	0.018	69.14	69.45	0.775	68.92	68.73	0.847
Indiana	64.78	65.19	0.714	63.24	61.47	0.405	61.33	59.97	0.443	65.56	66.53	0.490	64.94	65.58	0.594
Iowa	64.09	63.89	0.873	64.27^b	60.50	0.094	60.06	56.95	0.102	64.77	65.52	0.640	64.07	64.25	0.895
Kansas	64.98	66.50	0.203	62.94	61.94	0.654	59.75	58.27	0.423	66.17	68.56	0.118	65.21	67.02	0.164
Kentucky	62.09	62.50	0.746	62.51	59.76	0.212	56.46^b	52.78	0.055	62.91	64.32	0.375	62.04	62.78	0.594
Louisiana	66.82	65.31	0.185	61.92	58.85	0.170	67.30^a	63.08	0.021	67.36	66.46	0.535	67.35	66.00	0.280
Maine	66.95	68.81	0.175	67.79	66.25	0.508	60.77	60.30	0.832	67.62	70.09	0.126	66.87	69.00	0.143
Maryland	71.86	71.66	0.857	62.35	64.21	0.370	66.07	64.73	0.468	73.78	73.50	0.836	72.82	72.41	0.732
Massachusetts	72.68	71.58	0.345	66.63	64.48	0.333	68.30^a	63.42	0.010	74.00	73.60	0.785	73.20	72.18	0.412
Michigan	67.07	65.87	0.176	64.65	62.48	0.168	64.81^a	60.00	0.001	67.69	67.16	0.618	67.30	66.19	0.242
Minnesota	67.03	67.95	0.476	65.06	61.55	0.139	60.86	57.89	0.147	68.20	70.24	0.195	67.24	68.62	0.321
Mississippi	64.04	62.94	0.400	57.86	57.36	0.824	58.54	58.12	0.843	65.77	64.48	0.434	64.74	63.57	0.412
Missouri	62.14	63.21	0.411	56.20	57.41	0.619	57.70	56.45	0.529	63.54	64.94	0.389	62.75	63.80	0.457
Montana	66.78	68.13	0.296	65.05	65.20	0.952	55.10	58.68	0.106	68.76	69.88	0.483	66.94	68.40	0.291
Nebraska	63.20^a	66.08	0.016	59.88	61.11	0.592	54.25	55.69	0.466	65.19^a	68.54	0.027	63.57^a	66.64	0.017
Nevada	66.92	66.91	0.995	60.25	59.41	0.714	60.19	62.49	0.183	68.60	68.35	0.867	67.59	67.65	0.961
New Hampshire	69.57	70.31	0.549	66.84	64.85	0.359	62.00	64.00	0.318	70.88	71.67	0.601	69.79	70.74	0.472
New Jersey	73.67	72.56	0.275	65.84	64.24	0.422	69.33	67.16	0.193	75.17	74.26	0.458	74.45	73.38	0.327
New Mexico	66.19	67.73	0.180	57.07	58.61	0.501	53.59	55.29	0.413	69.29	70.79	0.286	67.15	68.68	0.218
New York	70.92	70.75	0.841	62.30	62.72	0.811	65.49	64.33	0.423	72.61	72.52	0.932	71.68	71.45	0.796
North Carolina	67.31	67.36	0.968	61.58	59.84	0.396	62.70	60.43	0.225	68.69	69.29	0.661	67.89	68.10	0.859
North Dakota	62.90	63.49	0.655	61.85	61.32	0.839	55.72	56.42	0.739	64.41	65.15	0.660	63.00	63.72	0.617
Ohio	62.95	61.60	0.150	59.29	58.79	0.757	57.55	55.78	0.217	64.19	62.79	0.227	63.31	61.87	0.159
Oklahoma	64.09	64.52	0.714	61.87	61.20	0.759	58.39	58.51	0.954	65.36	65.99	0.661	64.34	64.89	0.660
Oregon	68.72	69.59	0.452	61.06	61.05	0.997	56.95	58.71	0.368	71.18	71.99	0.558	69.42	70.35	0.450
Pennsylvania	68.12	68.00	0.890	63.61	63.16	0.797	64.32	62.16	0.137	69.16	69.37	0.851	68.54	68.43	0.915
Rhode Island	70.10	68.96	0.341	64.57	61.18	0.161	65.84^a	58.56	0.001	71.34	71.38	0.982	70.56	69.59	0.445
South Carolina	68.07	67.61	0.724	61.50	58.37	0.185	63.08	60.22	0.192	69.54	69.75	0.896	68.71	68.52	0.886
South Dakota	62.88	62.98	0.936	61.67	58.96	0.297	54.03	55.17	0.618	64.47	64.80	0.847	63.01	63.43	0.775
Tennessee	63.79	62.43	0.294	58.42	54.94	0.162	57.60^b	54.14	0.068	65.34	64.54	0.613	64.32	63.17	0.407
Texas	68.92	68.76	0.843	61.07^b	58.16	0.053	65.17^a	61.86	0.013	70.69	71.45	0.441	69.86	70.02	0.854
Utah	71.17	72.09	0.345	68.22	69.29	0.595	68.87	70.27	0.442	72.22	72.99	0.541	71.59	72.48	0.399
Vermont	68.34	70.00	0.206	66.87	65.60	0.570	61.64	60.08	0.487	69.56	71.95	0.130	68.46	70.34	0.178
Virginia	69.32^a	67.35	0.048	64.43	62.11	0.177	61.53	63.57	0.241	71.09^a	68.52	0.033	69.81^b	67.86	0.073
Washington	70.44	69.24	0.265	63.67	64.14	0.831	62.24	60.16	0.264	72.32	71.06	0.339	71.08	69.71	0.240
West Virginia	59.65	59.60	0.972	61.41	57.78	0.132	52.90	53.76	0.671	60.43	60.63	0.909	59.48	59.76	0.858
Wisconsin	65.05	65.45	0.711	59.71	59.06	0.756	61.37	59.40	0.256	66.24	67.13	0.512	65.58	66.08	0.670
Wyoming	64.55	66.23	0.232	61.40^a	56.40	0.050	52.98	55.35	0.296	66.72	69.14	0.169	64.89	67.29	0.115
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 22 – *Substance Use Disorder in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	17.00	17.19	0.366	8.95	8.56	0.223	27.01	27.46	0.318	16.40	16.60	0.401	17.82	18.05	0.290
Northeast	17.20	17.51	0.456	8.58	8.43	0.774	27.23	28.40	0.141	16.61	16.84	0.661	17.99	18.34	0.445
Midwest	17.87	17.68	0.570	9.46^a	8.54	0.038	28.28	28.38	0.869	17.23	17.07	0.704	18.74	18.62	0.743
South	15.68^b	16.17	0.077	8.45	8.53	0.820	24.83	25.73	0.133	15.13	15.60	0.177	16.43^b	16.96	0.081
West	18.22	18.16	0.880	9.57	8.71	0.132	29.23	28.77	0.569	17.54	17.63	0.859	19.11	19.12	0.979
Alabama	14.51^b	16.18	0.078	7.82	8.86	0.378	22.27	23.75	0.389	14.07	15.83	0.125	15.19^b	16.92	0.091
Alaska	23.01	21.11	0.117	11.51^a	8.34	0.019	32.24	30.71	0.489	23.17	21.39	0.229	24.30	22.55	0.188
Arizona	17.29	18.56	0.255	10.68	10.15	0.693	32.45	32.35	0.961	15.65	17.33	0.206	17.97	19.41	0.237
Arkansas	15.08^a	17.62	0.014	8.77	8.79	0.986	23.47^b	26.78	0.074	14.53^a	17.25	0.030	15.76^a	18.57	0.013
California	17.12	17.00	0.837	8.21	8.18	0.965	27.42	27.96	0.661	16.58	16.34	0.735	18.04	17.90	0.828
Colorado	22.02	22.41	0.717	11.27	9.88	0.328	32.13	31.91	0.910	21.68	22.33	0.619	23.08	23.61	0.646
Connecticut	17.45	19.12	0.151	7.66	9.72	0.108	30.74	33.76	0.143	16.46	17.87	0.313	18.39	20.00	0.203
Delaware	17.98	17.88	0.926	9.09	10.34	0.371	30.73	28.86	0.342	17.19	17.18	0.995	18.81	18.58	0.846
District of Columbia	23.40	23.73	0.795	10.34	9.13	0.392	35.72	37.26	0.501	22.27	22.51	0.872	24.22	24.68	0.735
Florida	14.73	15.82	0.106	8.19	9.16	0.228	25.80^a	28.54	0.032	13.94	14.81	0.276	15.30	16.40	0.131
Georgia	16.21	17.17	0.248	9.29	9.11	0.853	23.39	25.37	0.199	15.95	16.88	0.365	16.99	18.07	0.241
Hawaii	15.79	16.94	0.278	9.44^b	6.84	0.061	22.92	24.60	0.406	15.53	17.02	0.238	16.35	17.84	0.193
Idaho	17.29	17.43	0.912	9.86	9.24	0.649	29.54^b	26.18	0.100	16.27	17.03	0.614	18.17	18.37	0.882
Illinois	17.06	17.45	0.629	9.33	9.32	0.992	24.48	26.67	0.128	16.84	16.98	0.887	17.86	18.27	0.631
Indiana	18.07^a	14.81	0.001	8.78	8.07	0.528	28.35^a	24.84	0.041	17.51^a	13.96	0.002	19.08^a	15.53	0.001
Iowa	18.51^a	16.24	0.029	10.95^a	7.09	0.003	30.10^a	26.25	0.048	17.46	15.65	0.153	19.32^b	17.21	0.066
Kansas	16.79	16.24	0.586	8.81	8.61	0.873	29.31	27.67	0.350	15.66	15.24	0.735	17.69	17.10	0.595
Kentucky	16.56	17.53	0.295	8.40	7.90	0.673	25.61	25.25	0.841	16.14	17.49	0.222	17.41	18.53	0.268
Louisiana	19.92	19.83	0.930	13.40^a	9.52	0.006	25.83	27.81	0.308	19.81	19.86	0.970	20.62	20.94	0.778
Maine	18.03^b	20.44	0.058	8.66	9.57	0.524	31.76^a	36.05	0.046	17.19	19.47	0.116	18.80^b	21.32	0.064
Maryland	16.87^b	15.16	0.088	8.31	8.82	0.647	28.60	27.04	0.436	16.17^b	14.20	0.100	17.73^b	15.80	0.080
Massachusetts	18.28	20.03	0.120	8.14	8.95	0.527	29.93^b	33.41	0.095	17.41	18.97	0.243	19.16	20.98	0.135
Michigan	17.50	18.13	0.377	8.12	8.03	0.915	28.78	29.52	0.602	16.80	17.48	0.416	18.42	19.10	0.376
Minnesota	19.46	18.32	0.275	10.30	8.24	0.109	32.86	30.85	0.307	18.55	17.64	0.469	20.43	19.38	0.361
Mississippi	15.89	15.70	0.846	7.69	7.58	0.928	24.59	24.70	0.956	15.55	15.27	0.816	16.82	16.61	0.848
Missouri	18.17	19.75	0.145	11.15^b	8.90	0.094	27.32	29.27	0.321	17.58	19.55	0.129	18.89^b	20.86	0.096
Montana	20.11	20.23	0.918	10.93	9.35	0.302	33.85	30.53	0.149	19.03	19.87	0.550	21.00	21.27	0.832
Nebraska	16.69	16.24	0.644	8.86	7.86	0.415	27.39	26.14	0.517	15.89	15.64	0.833	17.58	17.19	0.716
Nevada	20.91	21.32	0.735	14.09^a	10.05	0.012	31.61	31.07	0.798	20.23	21.28	0.468	21.60	22.45	0.524
New Hampshire	16.57^b	18.51	0.084	7.13	8.09	0.404	30.73	29.03	0.380	15.51^b	18.04	0.056	17.37^b	19.36	0.098
New Jersey	15.51	14.91	0.492	7.25	7.79	0.600	25.23	25.27	0.980	15.08	14.26	0.435	16.34	15.62	0.451
New Mexico	22.83	21.26	0.158	16.01^a	11.28	0.006	36.83	35.75	0.640	21.46	20.19	0.346	23.55	22.31	0.302
New York	17.13	17.04	0.897	9.53	8.17	0.156	25.22	26.29	0.416	16.71	16.56	0.863	17.81	17.83	0.984
North Carolina	14.95	15.29	0.697	7.42	7.58	0.867	23.34	24.74	0.394	14.54	14.72	0.862	15.71	16.06	0.715
North Dakota	19.68^a	17.10	0.032	8.97	8.39	0.661	31.02	28.01	0.164	18.86^b	16.07	0.055	20.80^a	18.03	0.036
Ohio	18.30	18.37	0.919	9.41	8.63	0.353	28.22	29.49	0.360	17.82	17.81	0.990	19.19	19.35	0.846
Oklahoma	18.83	18.43	0.700	11.49^a	8.21	0.011	28.60	31.59	0.142	18.14	17.51	0.622	19.66	19.58	0.947
Oregon	21.85	21.55	0.789	12.52	10.02	0.102	35.69	33.86	0.365	20.87	21.01	0.916	22.71	22.59	0.925
Pennsylvania	17.21	17.31	0.900	8.55	8.52	0.973	27.28	27.43	0.918	16.64	16.72	0.929	18.01	18.11	0.902
Rhode Island	21.72	21.78	0.959	11.03	9.30	0.251	33.09	34.95	0.412	20.90	20.85	0.973	22.61	22.81	0.883
South Carolina	14.70^b	16.86	0.055	7.44	8.77	0.261	25.06	27.11	0.267	13.99^b	16.25	0.094	15.42^b	17.66	0.067
South Dakota	17.22	17.51	0.785	8.23	7.70	0.665	29.26	30.87	0.454	16.45	16.58	0.919	18.24	18.61	0.752
Tennessee	15.85	16.10	0.801	9.47	8.25	0.291	25.05	25.97	0.583	15.20	15.51	0.797	16.49	16.88	0.715
Texas	14.63	14.95	0.592	7.79	8.17	0.614	23.34	22.44	0.451	14.09	14.59	0.497	15.45	15.75	0.651
Utah	13.08	12.81	0.746	5.43	6.57	0.245	20.19	17.77	0.149	12.81	12.75	0.953	14.15	13.68	0.609
Vermont	21.84	20.58	0.314	10.10	8.33	0.186	34.45	35.50	0.631	20.92	19.38	0.304	22.79	21.56	0.362
Virginia	16.87	16.31	0.443	7.69	8.69	0.237	26.36	26.81	0.770	16.46	15.56	0.315	17.79	17.06	0.367
Washington	19.42	18.49	0.332	10.96^b	8.57	0.055	31.98^b	28.68	0.074	18.57	18.12	0.701	20.23	19.43	0.442
West Virginia	17.87	18.06	0.868	8.96	8.05	0.456	26.58	28.70	0.216	17.54	17.55	0.993	18.68	18.97	0.812
Wisconsin	17.70	18.61	0.348	10.28	9.20	0.361	30.23	31.02	0.647	16.59	17.74	0.330	18.44	19.54	0.298
Wyoming	19.15	17.85	0.266	9.43	8.00	0.279	28.49	29.20	0.760	18.94	17.33	0.254	20.21	18.92	0.312
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD. NOTE: Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 23 – *Alcohol Use Disorder in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	10.55	10.33	0.179	3.32^a	2.92	0.036	15.93	15.71	0.551	10.57	10.35	0.283	11.28	11.07	0.241
Northeast	10.97	10.52	0.142	3.38^b	2.85	0.070	16.32	16.54	0.729	10.97	10.42	0.139	11.67	11.21	0.177
Midwest	10.62	10.69	0.767	3.31	3.03	0.260	16.00	16.23	0.647	10.64	10.73	0.778	11.38	11.48	0.703
South	9.83	9.76	0.744	3.15^a	2.71	0.037	14.87	14.43	0.329	9.85	9.87	0.926	10.52	10.49	0.877
West	11.35^b	10.80	0.062	3.58	3.23	0.263	17.28	16.73	0.383	11.35	10.77	0.101	12.14^b	11.56	0.073
Alabama	8.97	10.05	0.121	3.13	3.22	0.863	14.20	14.54	0.805	8.83	10.13	0.119	9.56	10.74	0.123
Alaska	11.66^a	10.05	0.043	3.73^b	2.52	0.058	16.85	15.27	0.325	11.93^b	10.27	0.083	12.55^b	10.89	0.059
Arizona	10.32	10.57	0.736	3.54	3.88	0.593	17.69	18.52	0.618	9.94	10.08	0.882	11.01	11.24	0.781
Arkansas	9.01^a	10.65	0.015	2.95	3.30	0.527	14.02	14.83	0.558	8.97^a	10.90	0.019	9.66^a	11.44	0.017
California	11.24^b	10.43	0.079	3.32	3.01	0.478	17.22	16.39	0.387	11.25	10.38	0.118	12.05^b	11.19	0.086
Colorado	14.08	14.49	0.603	4.76	3.76	0.248	18.34	19.10	0.634	14.48	14.97	0.607	14.99	15.52	0.543
Connecticut	12.03	11.98	0.952	3.61	3.70	0.873	20.67	20.26	0.822	11.60	11.60	0.994	12.83	12.75	0.931
Delaware	11.48	10.87	0.425	3.16	2.76	0.421	19.13	16.57	0.120	11.32	10.95	0.679	12.26	11.63	0.449
District of Columbia	17.32	16.46	0.459	3.37	3.12	0.729	20.92	22.45	0.464	17.74	16.45	0.341	18.20	17.33	0.479
Florida	9.25	9.56	0.534	3.14	2.61	0.182	13.92	15.03	0.238	9.25	9.52	0.641	9.78	10.16	0.485
Georgia	9.52	9.65	0.812	2.58	2.54	0.922	14.08	13.80	0.802	9.67	9.89	0.757	10.29	10.44	0.817
Hawaii	9.83	10.09	0.732	3.50	3.29	0.782	14.60	16.16	0.350	9.87	10.04	0.855	10.39	10.70	0.714
Idaho	10.98	10.64	0.653	3.41	4.04	0.346	18.88^b	16.05	0.084	10.71	10.60	0.912	11.88	11.41	0.576
Illinois	10.19^b	11.21	0.074	3.49	3.58	0.875	13.91^b	15.86	0.081	10.42	11.39	0.161	10.88^b	11.98	0.076
Indiana	10.05^a	8.49	0.022	2.74	2.16	0.237	13.70	13.01	0.580	10.36^a	8.53	0.029	10.84^a	9.18	0.026
Iowa	10.95	10.07	0.242	3.91^a	2.51	0.026	17.63	15.87	0.247	10.67	10.00	0.473	11.70	10.87	0.317
Kansas	10.58	10.21	0.611	3.01	3.10	0.867	18.46	17.33	0.427	10.20	9.90	0.732	11.43	11.01	0.599
Kentucky	8.98	9.96	0.146	2.97	2.85	0.807	13.99	14.18	0.889	8.93	10.15	0.127	9.61	10.69	0.141
Louisiana	10.76	11.27	0.477	3.71	3.28	0.521	14.88	14.83	0.972	11.01	11.71	0.419	11.53	12.13	0.438
Maine	10.51	11.52	0.259	3.39	3.50	0.858	17.53	19.63	0.224	10.30	11.24	0.364	11.10	12.17	0.266
Maryland	10.42^a	8.87	0.031	2.85	2.24	0.167	16.74	14.34	0.113	10.38^b	8.85	0.076	11.18^a	9.53	0.038
Massachusetts	11.55	12.80	0.134	3.32	3.45	0.844	17.85	20.64	0.118	11.36	12.46	0.271	12.27	13.60	0.140
Michigan	10.02	9.78	0.603	2.85	2.73	0.767	15.54	14.78	0.492	9.97	9.79	0.745	10.72	10.46	0.608
Minnesota	11.84	11.40	0.566	3.46	2.96	0.419	18.37	18.31	0.970	11.87	11.38	0.585	12.73	12.29	0.605
Mississippi	9.59	9.37	0.741	2.61	2.80	0.704	16.43	14.54	0.189	9.38	9.37	0.987	10.38	10.11	0.712
Missouri	10.33	11.34	0.195	3.53	3.08	0.487	15.48	16.30	0.590	10.33	11.55	0.197	11.03	12.19	0.179
Montana	11.64	10.97	0.404	3.97	3.49	0.462	20.62	18.75	0.317	11.12	10.61	0.592	12.38	11.68	0.429
Nebraska	10.96	11.33	0.612	3.12	2.82	0.603	18.14	16.46	0.309	10.77	11.57	0.352	11.86	12.29	0.586
Nevada	11.80	12.17	0.615	4.54	4.12	0.593	15.65^b	18.34	0.091	12.11	12.25	0.873	12.53	12.98	0.589
New Hampshire	11.56	11.60	0.963	3.28	2.76	0.405	18.87	19.18	0.863	11.33	11.39	0.958	12.25	12.32	0.940
New Jersey	10.36	9.39	0.127	3.15	2.46	0.190	14.21	15.07	0.502	10.64^b	9.37	0.098	11.08	10.08	0.151
New Mexico	11.51	10.35	0.118	4.57	4.20	0.659	18.17	17.75	0.805	11.31	9.92	0.115	12.24	10.99	0.121
New York	11.05^a	9.97	0.046	3.42	2.83	0.207	14.77	15.06	0.791	11.28^a	9.94	0.038	11.73^b	10.60	0.055
North Carolina	9.72	9.61	0.855	2.86	2.46	0.394	14.97	14.08	0.496	9.71	9.74	0.971	10.41	10.32	0.893
North Dakota	13.50^a	10.80	0.002	3.71^b	2.54	0.094	20.46^a	16.90	0.048	13.39^a	10.65	0.010	14.53^a	11.68	0.003
Ohio	10.78	11.00	0.675	3.28	3.06	0.628	16.62	16.85	0.828	10.76	11.03	0.676	11.54	11.80	0.655
Oklahoma	10.21	9.39	0.214	4.66^a	2.76	0.007	14.39	14.59	0.890	10.23	9.37	0.293	10.83	10.14	0.342
Oregon	12.23	11.73	0.524	4.37	3.86	0.516	17.64	17.63	0.993	12.29	11.71	0.539	12.95	12.44	0.550
Pennsylvania	10.51	10.05	0.421	3.44^b	2.57	0.055	17.32^b	15.37	0.094	10.26	10.05	0.768	11.16	10.74	0.493
Rhode Island	12.27	12.59	0.693	3.63	3.19	0.503	17.48	19.17	0.352	12.26	12.43	0.864	13.00	13.37	0.672
South Carolina	9.06	10.09	0.135	2.60	3.12	0.323	13.76	15.38	0.236	9.10	10.09	0.239	9.70	10.78	0.155
South Dakota	11.24	11.33	0.908	3.17	2.99	0.778	19.64	19.65	0.996	10.94	11.04	0.913	12.15	12.26	0.899
Tennessee	9.54	9.06	0.476	3.25^a	2.17	0.046	14.19	13.60	0.663	9.56	9.17	0.626	10.17	9.75	0.568
Texas	10.25	9.75	0.262	3.41^b	2.72	0.100	15.14	13.77	0.138	10.37	10.02	0.540	11.08	10.58	0.323
Utah	8.07	7.17	0.119	1.99	1.88	0.827	11.97	10.61	0.297	8.24	7.28	0.184	8.92	7.90	0.118
Vermont	11.81	11.14	0.407	3.80^b	2.73	0.098	18.42	18.72	0.858	11.50	10.73	0.422	12.46	11.81	0.459
Virginia	10.95	10.23	0.228	3.00	3.04	0.920	17.25	15.68	0.220	10.89	10.22	0.343	11.74	10.95	0.223
Washington	11.69	10.76	0.172	3.92^b	2.90	0.089	19.03	16.95	0.187	11.50	10.74	0.347	12.43	11.51	0.214
West Virginia	7.91	8.14	0.733	3.25	2.20	0.103	12.29	14.11	0.209	7.77	7.89	0.873	8.34	8.68	0.634
Wisconsin	11.30	11.97	0.390	3.88	3.82	0.925	16.91	19.05	0.141	11.27	11.78	0.587	12.04	12.77	0.391
Wyoming	11.74	11.74	0.999	3.29	3.37	0.916	19.28	19.16	0.951	11.65	11.64	0.987	12.66	12.64	0.980
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. See 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

Table 24 – *Alcohol Use Disorder in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 to 20; by State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year (2021‑2022)	Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year (2022‑2023)	Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year (P Value)
Total U.S.	5.72	5.64	0.690
Northeast	5.99	5.84	0.685
Midwest	5.98	6.01	0.897
South	5.39	5.27	0.632
West	5.86	5.77	0.809
Alabama	5.69	6.48	0.213
Alaska	6.21	5.13	0.139
Arizona	6.20	6.79	0.433
Arkansas	5.33	6.28	0.133
California	5.29	5.24	0.919
Colorado	7.31	7.45	0.878
Connecticut	6.16	7.01	0.259
Delaware	6.23	5.58	0.418
District of Columbia	5.75	5.84	0.931
Florida	5.46	5.33	0.796
Georgia	4.77	4.65	0.821
Hawaii	5.14	6.05	0.270
Idaho	5.92	6.65	0.311
Illinois	5.22	6.01	0.201
Indiana	4.92	4.03	0.122
Iowa	6.90	5.94	0.213
Kansas	5.80	5.83	0.966
Kentucky	5.24	5.05	0.760
Louisiana	6.07	6.53	0.535
Maine	6.31	6.88	0.457
Maryland	5.64	4.62	0.131
Massachusetts	6.66	7.68	0.273
Michigan	5.42	5.17	0.633
Minnesota	7.06	6.50	0.465
Mississippi	4.44	5.08	0.229
Missouri	5.68	5.97	0.691
Montana	7.02	7.22	0.819
Nebraska	5.75	5.64	0.873
Nevada	6.49	6.65	0.831
New Hampshire	6.51	6.25	0.740
New Jersey	5.57	4.66	0.144
New Mexico	6.49	6.77	0.708
New York	5.88	5.65	0.653
North Carolina	4.90	4.82	0.888
North Dakota	7.21^a	5.17	0.018
Ohio	6.72	7.03	0.602
Oklahoma	6.13^a	4.75	0.047
Oregon	6.90	6.86	0.960
Pennsylvania	5.85	5.48	0.496
Rhode Island	6.47	7.07	0.452
South Carolina	4.57^a	6.43	0.009
South Dakota	5.92	5.80	0.881
Tennessee	5.57	4.94	0.283
Texas	5.44	5.00	0.362
Utah	4.66	3.75	0.152
Vermont	6.84	5.80	0.173
Virginia	6.08	6.12	0.942
Washington	6.94^b	5.55	0.060
West Virginia	5.30	4.88	0.543
Wisconsin	6.95	7.54	0.410
Wyoming	5.64	6.69	0.207
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. See 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 25 – *Drug Use Disorder in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	9.20^a	9.62	0.007	7.17	6.96	0.462	17.66^b	18.30	0.096	8.13^a	8.58	0.012	9.41^a	9.88	0.004
Northeast	8.48^a	9.61	0.000	7.07	6.72	0.475	17.17^a	18.94	0.013	7.34^a	8.51	0.000	8.61^a	9.87	0.000
Midwest	9.85	9.68	0.444	7.32	7.05	0.502	18.51	18.47	0.949	8.79	8.60	0.490	10.12	9.95	0.501
South	8.61^b	8.92	0.096	6.60	6.86	0.461	16.22	16.31	0.859	7.67	8.02	0.111	8.82	9.14	0.122
West	10.12^a	10.70	0.034	8.03^b	7.20	0.072	19.57^b	20.93	0.069	8.90^a	9.53	0.050	10.33^a	11.05	0.016
Alabama	8.74	8.47	0.650	6.32	6.86	0.586	15.23	13.26	0.147	8.00	7.89	0.878	8.98	8.64	0.584
Alaska	15.95^a	13.32	0.007	10.77^a	6.41	0.001	25.75	27.04	0.577	15.21^a	12.26	0.010	16.53^a	14.09	0.023
Arizona	9.63^a	11.44	0.012	9.79	7.82	0.140	21.66	22.82	0.524	7.69^a	10.04	0.006	9.62^a	11.81	0.006
Arkansas	8.38^b	9.50	0.100	5.82	6.85	0.320	16.28	16.28	0.996	7.44	8.73	0.117	8.66	9.78	0.131
California	9.30^a	10.16	0.031	7.10	6.99	0.879	17.77^a	20.22	0.032	8.25	8.97	0.116	9.52^a	10.48	0.027
Colorado	11.63	11.88	0.727	8.38	7.66	0.534	22.42	23.50	0.541	10.33	10.55	0.798	11.95	12.29	0.666
Connecticut	7.96^a	10.21	0.000	7.19	7.18	0.988	18.71^a	23.17	0.009	6.36^a	8.54	0.002	8.03^a	10.49	0.000
Delaware	9.05	9.67	0.306	8.85	8.94	0.947	19.17	17.92	0.452	7.70	8.62	0.176	9.07	9.74	0.300
District of Columbia	12.40	13.61	0.140	7.76	7.03	0.535	22.66	24.22	0.462	11.00	12.29	0.178	12.70	14.04	0.125
Florida	7.64^a	8.67	0.010	7.16	7.06	0.891	16.82^a	19.03	0.043	6.50^a	7.47	0.033	7.68^a	8.80	0.009
Georgia	9.26	10.11	0.143	7.66	8.05	0.680	16.04	17.34	0.324	8.36	9.20	0.227	9.43	10.34	0.157
Hawaii	7.37^a	8.62	0.047	6.93	5.20	0.106	14.24	15.69	0.312	6.56^a	8.09	0.037	7.42^a	8.92	0.025
Idaho	9.09	9.97	0.241	7.22	7.09	0.909	18.84	18.20	0.732	7.72	8.94	0.174	9.32	10.30	0.232
Illinois	8.90	9.40	0.321	7.42	7.44	0.975	15.90	17.63	0.170	8.00	8.36	0.533	9.05	9.60	0.322
Indiana	10.16^a	8.42	0.004	6.63	7.17	0.582	20.90^a	17.30	0.021	8.79^a	7.08	0.017	10.54^a	8.56	0.003
Iowa	10.15^a	8.38	0.010	7.39	5.77	0.145	17.58	15.26	0.140	9.21^a	7.51	0.037	10.45^a	8.66	0.018
Kansas	9.13^b	8.10	0.086	6.54	6.83	0.766	17.27	14.96	0.126	8.05	7.06	0.163	9.42^b	8.24	0.076
Kentucky	10.56	9.61	0.145	6.67	6.42	0.807	18.06^a	14.84	0.034	9.86	9.18	0.381	10.96	9.94	0.151
Louisiana	12.39	12.17	0.768	9.91^a	7.48	0.039	18.68	18.86	0.920	11.73	11.71	0.981	12.66	12.68	0.986
Maine	10.28^a	12.38	0.012	7.16	7.51	0.790	22.69	26.09	0.130	9.03^a	11.11	0.029	10.54^a	12.78	0.012
Maryland	9.69	9.21	0.431	7.34	7.69	0.732	20.03	18.62	0.436	8.48	8.05	0.536	9.93	9.36	0.400
Massachusetts	9.57^a	11.29	0.010	8.58	7.12	0.233	19.48^b	22.85	0.067	8.06^a	9.84	0.020	9.66^a	11.65	0.006
Michigan	9.76^b	10.64	0.057	6.60	6.77	0.828	19.18^b	21.29	0.071	8.64	9.42	0.161	10.07^b	11.01	0.061
Minnesota	10.49	9.70	0.211	7.54	6.81	0.503	21.26	20.35	0.593	9.22	8.44	0.297	10.80	10.01	0.252
Mississippi	9.27	10.18	0.190	6.24	7.09	0.413	16.14	14.73	0.390	8.54	9.82	0.135	9.61	10.52	0.233
Missouri	10.22	10.75	0.500	8.14	7.36	0.490	17.30	17.36	0.972	9.36	10.12	0.424	10.43	11.09	0.445
Montana	11.42	11.50	0.922	7.73	7.18	0.659	22.63	23.85	0.557	10.12	10.10	0.981	11.78	11.91	0.877
Nebraska	8.83	8.13	0.198	6.38	6.50	0.912	16.46	14.75	0.271	7.84	7.21	0.313	9.11	8.32	0.189
Nevada	12.73	12.17	0.483	11.58^a	8.26	0.026	22.43	23.06	0.749	11.54	11.14	0.665	12.85	12.56	0.741
New Hampshire	7.46^a	9.81	0.001	4.71^b	6.32	0.098	18.39	19.45	0.545	6.20^a	8.81	0.002	7.69^a	10.10	0.002
New Jersey	7.39	8.11	0.172	5.98	6.00	0.986	16.43	17.12	0.628	6.27	7.07	0.185	7.53	8.31	0.165
New Mexico	13.86	14.03	0.856	13.19^b	10.12	0.088	25.77	27.39	0.448	12.07	12.40	0.765	13.93	14.44	0.620
New York	8.06^a	9.27	0.012	7.28	6.27	0.207	15.90	17.60	0.158	6.97^a	8.33	0.013	8.13^a	9.53	0.007
North Carolina	7.92	8.02	0.844	6.03	6.16	0.883	14.93	15.62	0.627	7.06	7.06	0.996	8.11	8.21	0.862
North Dakota	8.51	8.11	0.565	5.07	6.20	0.299	15.75	14.58	0.485	7.56	7.09	0.575	8.87	8.31	0.465
Ohio	11.01	10.44	0.263	8.05	7.29	0.336	19.47	19.63	0.894	10.07	9.41	0.286	11.31	10.75	0.321
Oklahoma	12.27	11.46	0.283	9.26^a	6.74	0.033	20.53	23.68	0.113	11.25	9.98	0.149	12.60	11.99	0.460
Oregon	11.58	12.74	0.119	9.24	8.08	0.340	25.05	26.68	0.419	9.92	11.26	0.119	11.80^b	13.16	0.091
Pennsylvania	8.87	9.42	0.290	6.76	7.48	0.412	16.30	17.18	0.492	8.00	8.46	0.437	9.06	9.59	0.339
Rhode Island	11.99	11.69	0.696	9.39	7.49	0.124	22.04	22.71	0.730	10.60	10.32	0.750	12.21	12.04	0.837
South Carolina	8.36	9.48	0.102	6.01	6.81	0.415	16.70	16.90	0.894	7.40	8.69	0.121	8.60	9.75	0.125
South Dakota	9.02	8.44	0.375	5.41	5.84	0.659	17.17	15.79	0.418	8.17	7.56	0.444	9.42	8.72	0.339
Tennessee	9.65	9.51	0.829	6.78	7.09	0.747	17.83	17.03	0.596	8.74	8.65	0.902	9.93	9.76	0.791
Texas	7.19	7.48	0.453	5.43	6.18	0.276	13.74	12.93	0.393	6.30	6.72	0.366	7.41	7.64	0.585
Utah	8.01	8.28	0.600	5.23	5.40	0.829	13.77	13.37	0.774	7.19	7.62	0.492	8.40	8.68	0.631
Vermont	12.55	13.03	0.593	8.28	7.26	0.437	24.04	26.64	0.263	11.10	11.44	0.749	12.90	13.50	0.540
Virginia	8.37	8.50	0.790	5.70^b	6.97	0.078	16.06	16.66	0.618	7.49	7.41	0.896	8.63	8.65	0.980
Washington	11.68^b	10.55	0.078	9.39^b	7.17	0.060	22.44	20.29	0.218	10.42	9.55	0.236	11.90	10.87	0.139
West Virginia	12.63	11.89	0.373	7.72	7.80	0.943	21.09^b	18.28	0.100	11.93	11.38	0.579	13.08	12.26	0.365
Wisconsin	9.25	9.78	0.420	7.93	7.29	0.541	19.32	20.10	0.624	7.81	8.44	0.417	9.38	10.03	0.368
Wyoming	8.88	8.51	0.580	5.24	6.25	0.315	17.75	16.26	0.381	7.99	7.59	0.633	9.28	8.75	0.482
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Drug use disorder estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. See 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. NOTE: Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 26 – *Pain Reliever Use Disorder in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	1.89	1.93	0.528	1.04	1.13	0.410	1.21	1.17	0.661	2.09	2.14	0.538	1.97	2.01	0.600
Northeast	1.66	1.76	0.532	0.95	1.10	0.377	1.11	0.99	0.515	1.81	1.94	0.513	1.72	1.82	0.583
Midwest	2.03	1.98	0.741	0.94	1.12	0.305	1.10	1.16	0.767	2.31	2.21	0.624	2.15	2.07	0.660
South	2.07	2.11	0.836	1.09	1.19	0.513	1.28	1.33	0.795	2.32	2.34	0.916	2.18	2.20	0.886
West	1.62	1.73	0.552	1.12	1.04	0.640	1.27	1.03	0.299	1.74	1.92	0.411	1.67	1.80	0.522
Alabama	2.65	2.46	0.680	1.11	1.04	0.816	1.46	1.40	0.878	3.02	2.80	0.706	2.81	2.61	0.688
Alaska	2.16	1.59	0.107	1.11	0.79	0.263	1.09	1.11	0.949	2.44	1.76	0.129	2.27	1.68	0.131
Arizona	1.97	1.94	0.913	1.20	1.25	0.879	1.47	1.23	0.525	2.14	2.13	0.971	2.05	2.00	0.899
Arkansas	2.15	2.15	0.986	1.03	1.44	0.233	1.39	1.25	0.700	2.41	2.38	0.945	2.27	2.22	0.907
California	1.49	1.68	0.466	1.18	1.07	0.689	1.28	0.97	0.364	1.56	1.86	0.355	1.52	1.74	0.442
Colorado	1.60	1.64	0.876	1.03	1.02	0.972	0.98	1.21	0.422	1.76	1.78	0.954	1.65	1.70	0.877
Connecticut	1.59	1.75	0.584	1.01	1.03	0.923	1.07	1.09	0.956	1.73	1.93	0.601	1.64	1.82	0.590
Delaware	1.76	1.88	0.690	1.17	1.49	0.433	1.31	1.16	0.695	1.88	2.02	0.720	1.81	1.92	0.755
District of Columbia	1.50	1.53	0.919	1.02	1.17	0.708	1.01	1.33	0.428	1.61	1.59	0.950	1.53	1.55	0.942
Florida	1.75	1.83	0.794	1.23	1.16	0.805	1.22	1.27	0.850	1.88	1.96	0.797	1.80	1.88	0.778
Georgia	1.78	2.22	0.194	1.12	1.61	0.173	1.25	1.47	0.520	1.95	2.42	0.280	1.85	2.29	0.244
Hawaii	1.45	1.71	0.497	1.13	0.74	0.305	1.26	0.73	0.170	1.51	1.92	0.368	1.48	1.79	0.441
Idaho	1.94	1.70	0.459	1.04	1.03	0.994	1.25	1.04	0.510	2.18	1.91	0.519	2.05	1.78	0.459
Illinois	1.80	1.78	0.948	0.93	0.73	0.419	1.07	1.18	0.699	2.02	2.00	0.960	1.89	1.89	0.999
Indiana	1.92	2.04	0.719	0.94	1.22	0.287	1.22	1.05	0.567	2.17	2.31	0.731	2.03	2.13	0.784
Iowa	2.19	2.16	0.927	0.85	0.97	0.655	0.93	1.24	0.318	2.58	2.47	0.829	2.34	2.28	0.903
Kansas	2.30	1.95	0.358	1.08	1.44	0.286	1.12	1.19	0.796	2.67	2.15	0.300	2.44	2.01	0.305
Kentucky	3.56	3.14	0.499	0.99	1.39	0.217	1.43	1.51	0.851	4.20	3.60	0.451	3.83	3.32	0.463
Louisiana	3.27	3.55	0.651	1.30	1.19	0.731	1.50	1.82	0.524	3.79	4.11	0.684	3.48	3.80	0.639
Maine	1.83	2.09	0.542	0.82	1.07	0.378	1.01	1.06	0.890	2.03	2.31	0.588	1.92	2.17	0.575
Maryland	1.96	1.56	0.182	1.28	1.39	0.743	1.08	1.13	0.856	2.16	1.64	0.167	2.03	1.58	0.173
Massachusetts	1.58	1.71	0.684	0.92	0.92	0.998	0.90	0.95	0.848	1.76	1.91	0.704	1.64	1.77	0.686
Michigan	1.92	1.97	0.870	0.83	1.00	0.417	1.28	1.16	0.671	2.14	2.20	0.874	2.03	2.06	0.913
Minnesota	1.85	1.75	0.742	1.03	1.42	0.307	0.79	1.16	0.160	2.12	1.87	0.567	1.94	1.78	0.657
Mississippi	2.80	3.29	0.380	1.05	1.02	0.919	1.69	2.08	0.509	3.21	3.79	0.424	3.00	3.55	0.377
Missouri	2.11	2.22	0.780	0.92	1.40	0.119	1.21	1.25	0.904	2.39	2.47	0.877	2.23	2.31	0.867
Montana	1.84	1.56	0.348	0.91	0.96	0.852	1.06	1.02	0.888	2.06	1.71	0.351	1.93	1.62	0.338
Nebraska	2.13	1.97	0.660	1.01^b	1.80	0.064	0.90	1.12	0.440	2.50	2.14	0.461	2.26	1.99	0.506
Nevada	1.74	2.21	0.205	1.21	1.23	0.956	1.39	1.22	0.636	1.85	2.46	0.195	1.79	2.31	0.207
New Hampshire	1.41	1.79	0.213	0.98	1.34	0.269	1.03	0.97	0.867	1.51	1.94	0.248	1.45	1.83	0.249
New Jersey	1.49	1.55	0.816	0.95	1.20	0.405	1.39	1.06	0.306	1.57	1.66	0.773	1.54	1.58	0.885
New Mexico	2.55	2.55	0.990	1.30	1.00	0.371	1.53	1.16	0.330	2.87	2.95	0.896	2.68	2.71	0.968
New York	1.40	1.72	0.197	0.91	1.04	0.640	1.12	0.99	0.605	1.50	1.90	0.190	1.45	1.78	0.213
North Carolina	1.99	2.17	0.618	0.90	0.89	0.951	1.22	1.37	0.649	2.24	2.44	0.655	2.10	2.29	0.617
North Dakota	1.70	1.68	0.935	0.86	1.29	0.143	0.83	1.11	0.329	1.97	1.84	0.727	1.79	1.72	0.822
Ohio	2.37	2.13	0.473	0.96	0.97	0.953	1.19	1.19	0.994	2.72	2.40	0.468	2.52	2.24	0.470
Oklahoma	2.94	2.43	0.274	1.18	1.39	0.572	1.43	1.35	0.823	3.43	2.76	0.265	3.14	2.55	0.252
Oregon	1.55	1.79	0.389	0.94	0.83	0.659	1.28	0.93	0.259	1.65	2.01	0.312	1.60	1.88	0.374
Pennsylvania	2.22	1.91	0.351	1.01	1.23	0.446	1.10	0.91	0.455	2.51	2.13	0.355	2.33	1.97	0.321
Rhode Island	1.81	2.08	0.438	0.97	0.92	0.844	1.04	1.15	0.722	2.01	2.34	0.464	1.88	2.17	0.434
South Carolina	2.18	2.28	0.801	1.11	1.29	0.567	1.41	1.49	0.825	2.42	2.51	0.854	2.29	2.38	0.834
South Dakota	2.00	1.85	0.681	0.88	1.31	0.200	0.97	1.11	0.647	2.31	2.04	0.566	2.12	1.91	0.597
Tennessee	2.03	2.14	0.749	0.98	1.45	0.140	1.39	1.34	0.872	2.25	2.34	0.831	2.14	2.21	0.843
Texas	1.84	1.84	0.989	1.06	1.01	0.858	1.26	1.20	0.868	2.05	2.06	0.975	1.94	1.94	1.000
Utah	1.71	1.56	0.583	1.01	1.03	0.915	1.26	1.07	0.572	1.93	1.77	0.663	1.81	1.64	0.574
Vermont	1.67	2.14	0.217	0.90	1.00	0.706	0.89	1.07	0.570	1.86	2.41	0.257	1.73	2.23	0.226
Virginia	1.71	1.57	0.618	0.93	1.27	0.166	1.04	1.20	0.612	1.90	1.66	0.497	1.78	1.60	0.541
Washington	1.54	1.50	0.879	1.00	0.78	0.385	1.23	0.87	0.219	1.65	1.67	0.945	1.60	1.57	0.934
West Virginia	2.96	3.33	0.557	0.91	0.87	0.871	1.37	1.26	0.769	3.40	3.88	0.542	3.14	3.55	0.555
Wisconsin	2.07	1.99	0.833	1.02	1.31	0.316	0.95	1.04	0.738	2.36	2.22	0.753	2.17	2.06	0.775
Wyoming	1.81	2.04	0.512	1.01	1.28	0.395	1.05	1.47	0.258	2.02	2.22	0.663	1.90	2.12	0.567
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Pain reliever use disorder estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. See 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on pain reliever use disorder. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 27 – *Opioid Use Disorder in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	12+ (2021‑2022)	12+ (2022‑2023)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	2.08	2.09	0.961	1.04	1.13	0.410	1.27	1.19	0.452	2.33	2.34	0.943	2.19	2.18	0.949
Northeast	1.95	1.95	0.994	0.95	1.10	0.285	1.18	1.07	0.497	2.17	2.16	0.988	2.04	2.02	0.910
Midwest	2.12	2.03	0.420	0.95	1.12	0.193	1.17	1.26	0.499	2.42	2.26	0.285	2.25	2.12	0.339
South	2.27	2.25	0.915	1.10	1.19	0.446	1.33	1.23	0.470	2.55	2.54	0.939	2.39	2.36	0.847
West	1.85	1.96	0.386	1.10	1.04	0.676	1.33	1.16	0.354	2.02	2.20	0.280	1.92	2.06	0.363
Alabama	3.03	2.54	0.182	1.12	1.04	0.760	1.55	1.08	0.122	3.49	2.95	0.261	3.23	2.69	0.196
Alaska	2.60	2.07	0.117	1.11	0.78	0.228	1.19	1.33	0.709	2.99	2.34	0.143	2.77	2.22	0.151
Arizona	2.10	2.25	0.619	1.24	1.28	0.883	1.52	1.25	0.447	2.30	2.53	0.568	2.19	2.35	0.639
Arkansas	2.25	2.19	0.853	1.04	1.44	0.140	1.42	1.16	0.329	2.53	2.46	0.843	2.38	2.28	0.754
California	1.75	1.86	0.554	1.13	1.06	0.783	1.33	1.06	0.315	1.88	2.07	0.421	1.81	1.94	0.534
Colorado	1.69	2.00	0.258	1.01	1.01	0.998	1.02	1.29	0.372	1.87	2.22	0.326	1.76	2.10	0.266
Connecticut	1.70	2.01	0.296	1.01	1.03	0.946	1.16	1.08	0.816	1.86	2.26	0.299	1.77	2.10	0.306
Delaware	2.12	2.10	0.936	1.19	1.47	0.433	1.61	1.07	0.142	2.29	2.31	0.968	2.21	2.16	0.870
District of Columbia	1.93	2.11	0.527	1.01	1.18	0.610	1.00	1.30	0.343	2.16	2.32	0.644	1.99	2.17	0.550
Florida	1.81	2.02	0.337	1.23	1.18	0.825	1.25	1.16	0.680	1.94	2.21	0.307	1.86	2.09	0.326
Georgia	1.93	2.32	0.167	1.14^b	1.59	0.077	1.28	1.26	0.949	2.15	2.58	0.231	2.02	2.40	0.231
Hawaii	1.74	1.99	0.388	1.11	0.73	0.239	1.31	1.23	0.840	1.86	2.20	0.329	1.79	2.10	0.333
Idaho	2.05	1.88	0.533	1.02	1.05	0.899	1.39	1.22	0.566	2.30	2.11	0.597	2.17	1.98	0.528
Illinois	1.89	1.89	0.975	0.96	0.73	0.320	1.14	1.21	0.782	2.11	2.13	0.936	1.98	2.01	0.907
Indiana	2.08	2.09	0.983	0.97	1.21	0.360	1.26	1.13	0.604	2.36	2.36	0.996	2.20	2.18	0.945
Iowa	2.12	2.12	0.987	0.85	0.97	0.606	0.98^b	1.41	0.074	2.47	2.39	0.838	2.25	2.24	0.981
Kansas	2.20	2.12	0.786	1.08	1.45	0.218	1.19	1.28	0.728	2.53	2.36	0.682	2.33	2.19	0.703
Kentucky	3.85^b	3.14	0.096	0.98	1.35	0.253	1.51	1.55	0.927	4.55^b	3.60	0.088	4.15^b	3.33	0.086
Louisiana	3.69	3.75	0.894	1.30	1.17	0.649	1.54	1.55	0.979	4.33	4.42	0.870	3.95	4.03	0.872
Maine	2.21	1.99	0.483	0.84	1.05	0.430	1.16	1.29	0.682	2.46	2.16	0.432	2.32	2.06	0.454
Maryland	2.38^b	1.89	0.070	1.29	1.38	0.762	1.09	1.13	0.892	2.70^b	2.06	0.075	2.49^b	1.95	0.075
Massachusetts	2.07	1.95	0.635	0.92	0.93	0.980	0.95	1.05	0.764	2.37	2.19	0.603	2.17	2.03	0.636
Michigan	2.05	2.03	0.901	0.84	0.99	0.417	1.36	1.28	0.739	2.30	2.26	0.883	2.17	2.13	0.848
Minnesota	1.92	1.76	0.537	1.00	1.44	0.118	0.84^b	1.29	0.099	2.20	1.87	0.337	2.02	1.80	0.444
Mississippi	3.18	3.36	0.683	1.08	1.01	0.775	1.71	1.52	0.654	3.70	3.98	0.633	3.42	3.63	0.676
Missouri	2.22	2.25	0.932	0.91^b	1.42	0.063	1.27	1.34	0.792	2.52	2.49	0.926	2.35	2.33	0.948
Montana	1.99	1.73	0.319	0.90	0.98	0.735	1.15	1.22	0.793	2.24	1.88	0.303	2.10	1.80	0.312
Nebraska	2.07	2.04	0.925	1.03^a	1.79	0.021	0.97	1.23	0.292	2.39	2.21	0.624	2.18	2.07	0.707
Nevada	1.98	2.52	0.111	1.24	1.23	0.988	1.44	1.36	0.832	2.14	2.82	0.120	2.06	2.64	0.118
New Hampshire	1.68	2.21	0.134	0.99	1.32	0.289	1.07	1.27	0.481	1.83	2.42	0.190	1.74	2.29	0.161
New Jersey	1.84	1.91	0.739	0.98	1.18	0.450	1.43	1.21	0.451	1.99	2.10	0.731	1.92	1.99	0.804
New Mexico	2.36	2.84	0.159	1.30	1.01	0.379	1.60	1.23	0.310	2.61	3.32	0.114	2.47	3.03	0.143
New York	1.75	1.92	0.411	0.90	1.06	0.459	1.19	1.06	0.584	1.92	2.14	0.416	1.82	2.00	0.450
North Carolina	2.33	2.23	0.725	0.94	0.89	0.776	1.29	1.20	0.762	2.65	2.55	0.770	2.47	2.37	0.739
North Dakota	1.90	1.76	0.580	0.86^b	1.29	0.066	0.84	1.22	0.126	2.24	1.93	0.380	2.01	1.81	0.483
Ohio	2.54	2.16	0.111	0.96	0.96	0.995	1.30	1.33	0.883	2.91	2.43	0.110	2.70	2.28	0.114
Oklahoma	2.99	2.62	0.317	1.18	1.41	0.486	1.53	1.31	0.490	3.47	3.01	0.343	3.19	2.76	0.294
Oregon	1.84	2.11	0.353	0.94	0.85	0.704	1.34	1.29	0.857	2.00	2.35	0.344	1.92	2.22	0.348
Pennsylvania	2.31	1.92	0.111	0.99	1.21	0.406	1.19	0.96	0.317	2.61	2.13	0.123	2.43^b	1.98	0.097
Rhode Island	2.09	2.28	0.547	0.96	0.92	0.873	1.15	1.29	0.680	2.35	2.57	0.597	2.19	2.39	0.550
South Carolina	2.39	2.35	0.902	1.09	1.29	0.490	1.44	1.26	0.520	2.68	2.64	0.913	2.52	2.46	0.861
South Dakota	2.04	1.99	0.876	0.89	1.28	0.140	0.98	1.17	0.478	2.36	2.22	0.740	2.17	2.07	0.784
Tennessee	2.42	2.22	0.495	1.00	1.45	0.138	1.47	1.30	0.525	2.73	2.45	0.471	2.57	2.30	0.421
Texas	1.88	2.04	0.447	1.07	1.02	0.794	1.31	1.20	0.633	2.10	2.33	0.387	1.98	2.16	0.434
Utah	1.90	1.84	0.811	1.02	1.05	0.916	1.33	1.22	0.713	2.18	2.13	0.878	2.03	1.96	0.801
Vermont	2.21	2.02	0.575	0.90	1.00	0.720	1.00	1.23	0.426	2.53	2.24	0.506	2.32	2.10	0.564
Virginia	1.92	1.67	0.273	0.93	1.29	0.116	1.05	1.09	0.879	2.17	1.81	0.216	2.02	1.71	0.226
Washington	1.92	1.75	0.512	1.01	0.78	0.365	1.32	1.16	0.620	2.10	1.93	0.618	2.00	1.84	0.568
West Virginia	3.57	3.44	0.788	0.93	0.87	0.829	1.55	1.32	0.440	4.14	4.01	0.844	3.81	3.67	0.797
Wisconsin	2.09	1.95	0.654	1.01	1.30	0.255	1.01	1.20	0.417	2.38	2.15	0.549	2.20	2.02	0.597
Wyoming	1.90	2.19	0.363	1.02	1.31	0.314	1.14	1.52	0.200	2.13	2.41	0.512	2.00	2.29	0.426
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Opioid use disorder (OUD) estimates are based on on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. OUD is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or pain reliever use disorder. See 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on opioid use disorder. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 28 – *Any Mental Illness in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	23.08	22.95	0.593	35.34	35.02	0.494	21.19	21.09	0.707
Northeast	21.81^b	22.63	0.064	34.61	34.77	0.842	19.91^b	20.83	0.062
Midwest	24.08	23.80	0.452	36.57	36.33	0.719	22.10	21.81	0.484
South	22.48	22.04	0.163	33.89^b	32.81	0.075	20.72	20.36	0.314
West	24.12	23.95	0.704	37.11	37.60	0.566	22.10	21.83	0.586
Alabama	24.09^b	22.09	0.078	30.66	32.36	0.321	23.06^a	20.44	0.043
Alaska	24.96	23.47	0.246	40.43^a	34.41	0.006	22.75	21.93	0.571
Arizona	23.26^b	25.70	0.066	38.06	41.25	0.137	20.89	23.21	0.117
Arkansas	23.86	24.47	0.645	32.65	32.92	0.890	22.45	23.11	0.662
California	22.19^b	20.99	0.084	34.35	34.12	0.866	20.31^b	18.96	0.085
Colorado	26.30	27.73	0.222	37.52^a	43.30	0.005	24.57	25.32	0.576
Connecticut	21.05^a	24.13	0.012	35.07	36.43	0.508	18.86^a	22.23	0.015
Delaware	20.93	21.90	0.372	36.14	33.79	0.197	18.87	20.28	0.243
District of Columbia	26.63	28.55	0.155	37.96	38.99	0.646	24.70	26.75	0.182
Florida	20.45	19.97	0.542	35.16	34.02	0.425	18.54	18.15	0.638
Georgia	22.52	23.08	0.581	33.42	32.26	0.519	20.75	21.59	0.462
Hawaii	21.47	21.16	0.798	36.56	34.26	0.285	19.59	19.57	0.989
Idaho	28.02	26.72	0.326	41.65	39.09	0.255	25.74	24.58	0.446
Illinois	22.01	22.61	0.500	32.63	32.88	0.867	20.38	21.04	0.511
Indiana	24.44	23.73	0.511	39.27	37.93	0.472	21.93	21.33	0.623
Iowa	26.71	25.72	0.457	36.12	34.70	0.495	25.08	24.16	0.545
Kansas	24.41	23.72	0.562	36.31	34.64	0.380	22.33	21.79	0.690
Kentucky	23.77	25.22	0.201	31.83	32.20	0.841	22.52	24.15	0.210
Louisiana	24.34	22.59	0.147	31.29	29.04	0.258	23.26	21.58	0.215
Maine	24.07	25.76	0.207	35.42	36.48	0.640	22.66	24.43	0.236
Maryland	22.37	22.29	0.946	37.94	35.86	0.297	20.14	20.37	0.868
Massachusetts	23.18	23.99	0.501	35.16^a	39.76	0.044	21.23	21.44	0.876
Michigan	22.89	23.16	0.731	35.86	33.82	0.150	20.86	21.50	0.468
Minnesota	24.74	23.74	0.426	39.53	40.23	0.740	22.50	21.24	0.376
Mississippi	22.16	20.47	0.149	28.62	27.64	0.603	21.10	19.27	0.178
Missouri	26.50	26.08	0.733	37.55	36.20	0.530	24.78	24.50	0.841
Montana	27.12^b	24.60	0.057	44.31	40.97	0.164	24.48	22.11	0.114
Nebraska	25.71	24.43	0.249	39.40	38.14	0.536	23.35	22.06	0.307
Nevada	24.65	23.16	0.220	37.17	37.11	0.978	22.94	21.28	0.218
New Hampshire	23.06^a	26.93	0.003	41.19	42.34	0.620	20.54^a	24.83	0.003
New Jersey	19.38	19.69	0.743	37.10	35.80	0.478	16.88	17.43	0.606
New Mexico	25.67	24.88	0.518	39.69	39.22	0.826	23.46	22.62	0.538
New York	21.11	21.29	0.836	30.50	31.08	0.689	19.71	19.83	0.903
North Carolina	22.19	21.32	0.390	32.85	30.58	0.208	20.55	19.89	0.566
North Dakota	25.95^b	23.53	0.060	39.89^a	34.89	0.026	23.28	21.30	0.184
Ohio	24.52	23.37	0.174	35.52	37.55	0.181	22.85^b	21.22	0.086
Oklahoma	25.88^a	22.20	0.003	36.46	34.40	0.316	24.08^a	20.10	0.004
Oregon	27.48^a	30.16	0.049	44.49	43.26	0.581	25.07^a	28.32	0.034
Pennsylvania	23.18	24.39	0.168	37.39	34.86	0.123	21.09^b	22.83	0.076
Rhode Island	24.67	24.37	0.812	38.77	36.19	0.248	22.35	22.46	0.942
South Carolina	22.35	20.52	0.163	31.41	31.24	0.934	21.01	18.93	0.159
South Dakota	24.89	24.14	0.543	39.27	38.19	0.631	22.56	21.82	0.595
Tennessee	25.47	26.48	0.446	38.16	39.91	0.384	23.56	24.45	0.545
Texas	21.94	21.02	0.187	33.37^b	30.98	0.062	19.94	19.28	0.393
Utah	29.19	29.93	0.486	39.42	42.21	0.192	26.88	27.11	0.848
Vermont	26.80	27.02	0.876	38.98	41.23	0.309	24.84	24.80	0.980
Virginia	22.28	23.25	0.307	34.48	35.49	0.537	20.40	21.37	0.365
Washington	27.14	27.99	0.499	41.76	41.45	0.874	25.08	26.11	0.473
West Virginia	26.28^a	29.33	0.035	36.27	37.65	0.528	24.84^a	28.12	0.043
Wisconsin	23.66	24.81	0.323	39.58	41.17	0.417	21.15	22.24	0.413
Wyoming	27.44^b	24.89	0.068	37.90	38.14	0.912	25.84^b	22.85	0.061
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 29 – *Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	5.86	5.83	0.817	11.79^a	10.97	0.010	4.94	5.04	0.469
Northeast	5.44	5.45	0.954	11.09	10.76	0.510	4.60	4.66	0.782
Midwest	6.03	6.05	0.889	11.72	11.20	0.202	5.12	5.23	0.577
South	5.80	5.71	0.591	11.68^a	10.42	0.002	4.89	4.98	0.599
West	6.12	6.11	0.970	12.53	11.82	0.187	5.13	5.23	0.664
Alabama	6.10	5.77	0.519	11.37^b	9.61	0.099	5.27	5.15	0.838
Alaska	6.75	7.29	0.370	15.28	13.23	0.143	5.53	6.45	0.169
Arizona	5.65^a	7.21	0.009	12.53	13.66	0.428	4.54^a	6.17	0.015
Arkansas	6.25	6.96	0.220	10.99	10.85	0.907	5.49	6.34	0.206
California	5.66^a	4.87	0.016	12.08^a	10.10	0.015	4.66^b	4.06	0.087
Colorado	6.92	7.12	0.708	12.46	12.37	0.941	6.06	6.31	0.686
Connecticut	5.41	5.32	0.842	11.23	10.62	0.619	4.50	4.50	0.997
Delaware	5.35	5.52	0.697	12.45^a	9.87	0.034	4.39	4.93	0.265
District of Columbia	6.41	6.42	0.980	10.01	8.91	0.295	5.79	5.99	0.770
Florida	5.67	5.38	0.430	13.48^a	11.48	0.022	4.66	4.59	0.875
Georgia	5.82	6.19	0.416	11.20	10.19	0.314	4.95	5.54	0.249
Hawaii	5.74	5.06	0.229	10.95	11.59	0.593	5.09	4.27	0.186
Idaho	6.64	6.87	0.663	13.45	13.18	0.837	5.50	5.78	0.648
Illinois	5.09	5.10	0.985	9.79	9.32	0.569	4.37	4.45	0.848
Indiana	6.39	6.26	0.783	12.78	11.67	0.327	5.31	5.34	0.943
Iowa	7.06	6.61	0.435	11.76	11.82	0.965	6.25	5.71	0.410
Kansas	6.58	6.15	0.422	11.82	11.26	0.617	5.66	5.25	0.499
Kentucky	7.08	7.82	0.202	10.94	12.07	0.366	6.48	7.17	0.296
Louisiana	6.24	6.30	0.911	10.26	8.96	0.250	5.62	5.89	0.669
Maine	5.48	6.10	0.234	10.68	11.94	0.305	4.84	5.37	0.354
Maryland	5.38	5.50	0.800	12.21^a	9.83	0.050	4.41	4.89	0.349
Massachusetts	5.92	5.64	0.561	12.35	11.84	0.691	4.87	4.64	0.664
Michigan	5.85	5.74	0.757	12.84^a	10.12	0.003	4.75	5.05	0.429
Minnesota	5.54	5.84	0.560	11.31	11.57	0.835	4.67	4.97	0.601
Mississippi	5.15	4.99	0.736	10.38^b	8.46	0.070	4.29	4.41	0.824
Missouri	6.40	6.81	0.437	11.85	11.97	0.919	5.55	6.00	0.453
Montana	6.18	6.03	0.813	12.21	12.04	0.893	5.25	5.12	0.844
Nebraska	7.52	6.88	0.299	12.50	12.82	0.803	6.66	5.85	0.253
Nevada	6.77	6.49	0.646	12.33	12.00	0.796	6.01	5.75	0.699
New Hampshire	5.87^a	7.22	0.024	12.18^b	14.51	0.091	4.99^b	6.23	0.072
New Jersey	5.11	4.64	0.246	12.90^b	11.00	0.082	4.01	3.75	0.571
New Mexico	6.29	6.42	0.818	12.88	11.85	0.480	5.25	5.57	0.631
New York	5.05	5.17	0.745	8.66	9.14	0.575	4.51	4.57	0.880
North Carolina	5.79	5.38	0.340	11.77	9.95	0.104	4.87	4.67	0.683
North Dakota	6.48	6.91	0.473	13.36	12.09	0.315	5.17	5.89	0.271
Ohio	6.37	6.25	0.757	12.12	11.57	0.515	5.50	5.45	0.907
Oklahoma	6.57	6.56	0.990	13.05^b	10.85	0.073	5.46	5.82	0.535
Oregon	7.03^a	8.41	0.041	13.99^b	16.47	0.070	6.04	7.27	0.106
Pennsylvania	5.83	5.99	0.691	12.56	11.63	0.319	4.84	5.14	0.499
Rhode Island	6.31	5.98	0.564	11.41	11.54	0.913	5.48	5.08	0.552
South Carolina	5.37	5.14	0.623	10.43	8.74	0.110	4.62	4.60	0.972
South Dakota	6.50	7.13	0.250	13.81	14.87	0.430	5.31	5.85	0.384
Tennessee	6.85	7.62	0.199	12.52	12.90	0.755	6.00	6.82	0.238
Texas	5.42	4.91	0.117	10.97	10.17	0.334	4.45	3.99	0.202
Utah	8.02^a	9.34	0.025	12.50^a	15.36	0.039	7.00	7.97	0.151
Vermont	6.68	7.27	0.298	13.38	15.62	0.131	5.60	5.97	0.580
Virginia	5.61	5.48	0.747	11.58^a	9.52	0.037	4.69	4.86	0.686
Washington	6.46^b	7.41	0.088	13.87	13.02	0.530	5.41^b	6.62	0.052
West Virginia	6.47^a	8.35	0.010	12.91	13.10	0.891	5.54^a	7.66	0.010
Wisconsin	5.89	6.51	0.227	11.11	12.91	0.118	5.07	5.50	0.453
Wyoming	7.47	7.88	0.537	13.42	15.60	0.159	6.56	6.68	0.870
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of SMI are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 30 – *Major Depressive Episode in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	8.63	8.64	0.973	20.17^a	18.82	0.001	19.68^a	18.81	0.023	6.92	7.06	0.364
Northeast	8.13	8.33	0.441	19.88^a	18.34	0.023	19.08	19.36	0.692	6.50	6.69	0.499
Midwest	8.96	8.89	0.752	20.39^a	19.24	0.043	19.40^b	18.45	0.087	7.31	7.38	0.781
South	8.30	8.46	0.428	19.43	18.68	0.175	18.98^a	17.70	0.008	6.65^b	7.03	0.089
West	9.25	8.92	0.249	21.36^a	19.00	0.001	21.50	20.53	0.179	7.35	7.13	0.466
Alabama	7.91	8.32	0.520	19.41	18.91	0.737	15.63	17.12	0.292	6.70	6.91	0.771
Alaska	10.38^a	8.42	0.007	21.72^a	17.27	0.005	23.17^a	17.71	0.003	8.55^b	7.11	0.076
Arizona	9.06^b	10.49	0.079	23.96^b	21.06	0.075	22.69	23.04	0.855	6.87^b	8.48	0.082
Arkansas	8.19^a	9.86	0.014	18.97	19.65	0.654	17.24	16.62	0.694	6.74^a	8.77	0.008
California	8.57^a	7.49	0.010	20.01^a	17.53	0.019	20.17	18.79	0.218	6.77^a	5.75	0.022
Colorado	10.21	9.99	0.755	23.32	21.91	0.393	22.77	23.21	0.808	8.28	7.95	0.667
Connecticut	8.56	8.67	0.862	19.83	19.66	0.914	21.28	21.59	0.865	6.57	6.67	0.885
Delaware	8.39	8.22	0.779	20.55	18.86	0.250	21.02	18.42	0.109	6.68	6.84	0.819
District of Columbia	10.52	9.46	0.156	16.02	16.10	0.954	17.96	19.28	0.451	9.25^b	7.76	0.080
Florida	7.87	8.16	0.531	21.43	19.62	0.127	21.39	19.32	0.101	6.12	6.71	0.241
Georgia	8.15	8.20	0.929	17.39	17.03	0.765	17.94	15.90	0.111	6.56	6.95	0.544
Hawaii	7.21	6.38	0.169	17.15	16.06	0.465	16.76^a	13.34	0.028	6.03	5.54	0.456
Idaho	10.38	10.42	0.953	21.50	20.58	0.584	23.21	20.79	0.171	8.23	8.63	0.653
Illinois	7.79	8.01	0.668	20.21	20.30	0.944	16.22	16.82	0.651	6.50	6.65	0.775
Indiana	9.19	8.69	0.403	20.44^a	17.01	0.022	20.38	18.42	0.221	7.30	7.05	0.704
Iowa	10.03	9.53	0.467	20.88	18.87	0.214	20.34	17.79	0.124	8.24	8.09	0.845
Kansas	9.54	8.97	0.397	20.34	19.34	0.501	20.16	18.49	0.297	7.68	7.28	0.595
Kentucky	9.71^b	10.95	0.075	19.50	20.53	0.501	19.17	18.46	0.665	8.25^a	9.79	0.046
Louisiana	7.64	8.20	0.352	19.91	17.74	0.106	14.71	13.49	0.385	6.54	7.37	0.230
Maine	8.79	9.42	0.390	19.93	20.59	0.677	18.71	19.60	0.632	7.56	8.15	0.454
Maryland	8.46	8.33	0.848	22.17	22.30	0.932	22.80	20.71	0.261	6.40	6.58	0.802
Massachusetts	8.54	8.61	0.910	19.18	18.73	0.763	18.00^a	23.22	0.007	6.99	6.25	0.312
Michigan	8.36	8.76	0.363	18.65	19.16	0.631	19.90^a	17.35	0.035	6.55^b	7.43	0.070
Minnesota	9.22	8.99	0.736	22.07	20.94	0.504	21.45	19.49	0.259	7.37	7.40	0.965
Mississippi	6.93	7.54	0.320	18.73	17.92	0.547	14.17	13.19	0.478	5.74	6.60	0.217
Missouri	9.31	9.64	0.647	21.59	20.20	0.384	19.14	18.53	0.710	7.79	8.25	0.558
Montana	10.32	9.51	0.268	21.89	19.63	0.154	23.29^b	19.86	0.088	8.34	7.94	0.631
Nebraska	10.45	10.13	0.643	21.12	20.20	0.558	22.61	20.54	0.254	8.35	8.32	0.969
Nevada	9.95	9.84	0.881	23.51	22.63	0.608	23.29	21.37	0.287	8.13	8.28	0.857
New Hampshire	8.76^a	10.47	0.029	21.63	22.71	0.506	21.00	23.26	0.275	7.05^b	8.73	0.054
New Jersey	7.12	6.84	0.584	19.70	18.28	0.327	19.74	19.11	0.675	5.34	5.12	0.691
New Mexico	9.61	9.84	0.760	23.23	21.36	0.296	21.81	19.73	0.252	7.69	8.28	0.468
New York	7.56	7.92	0.449	19.58^a	16.88	0.021	16.80	17.16	0.764	6.19	6.54	0.495
North Carolina	8.49	8.69	0.736	19.46	19.14	0.805	18.50	17.78	0.636	6.95	7.28	0.613
North Dakota	10.34	9.40	0.180	21.56	18.84	0.121	23.45^b	19.95	0.066	7.83	7.33	0.518
Ohio	9.50	9.14	0.475	20.79	19.17	0.138	19.21	18.82	0.745	8.02	7.68	0.531
Oklahoma	9.86	9.24	0.360	18.76	18.10	0.656	19.67^a	16.47	0.041	8.19	7.99	0.797
Oregon	11.11	11.78	0.423	24.96^b	21.90	0.076	25.77	26.09	0.859	9.04	9.77	0.429
Pennsylvania	8.96	9.22	0.630	20.50	19.15	0.243	21.71^b	19.18	0.056	7.08	7.73	0.263
Rhode Island	9.78	9.44	0.645	22.15	19.61	0.127	20.34	20.00	0.855	8.05	7.73	0.705
South Carolina	7.92	7.61	0.624	17.88	17.75	0.931	15.40	15.58	0.905	6.81	6.43	0.592
South Dakota	9.40	9.27	0.845	19.21	16.67	0.124	20.65	18.84	0.323	7.57	7.68	0.882
Tennessee	8.97	9.85	0.234	20.50	19.87	0.685	20.54	19.63	0.573	7.23	8.37	0.171
Texas	8.35	7.90	0.296	18.40	17.30	0.319	18.90	17.35	0.157	6.51	6.24	0.570
Utah	10.96	10.89	0.915	18.33	16.68	0.262	21.10	21.10	0.997	8.67	8.55	0.862
Vermont	10.29	10.27	0.983	19.25	19.89	0.673	21.50	24.37	0.138	8.48	8.06	0.642
Virginia	7.94	8.26	0.497	20.22	19.93	0.810	20.07	19.23	0.513	6.06	6.57	0.334
Washington	9.68	10.68	0.177	23.39^a	20.15	0.044	23.22	22.86	0.841	7.77	8.97	0.141
West Virginia	9.83^a	12.13	0.010	19.85	21.46	0.289	19.11	20.61	0.361	8.49^a	10.89	0.016
Wisconsin	9.01	8.95	0.927	19.41	17.55	0.165	19.90	21.27	0.383	7.29	7.01	0.691
Wyoming	10.92	10.13	0.323	21.70	20.14	0.363	22.53	21.67	0.645	9.14	8.35	0.386
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. NOTE: There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 31 – *Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	5.04	5.06	0.843	13.16	12.87	0.385	13.54^b	12.95	0.054	3.73	3.84	0.312
Northeast	4.45^a	5.14	0.001	12.60	12.43	0.754	12.38	12.51	0.819	3.26^a	4.04	0.000
Midwest	5.36	5.30	0.743	13.49	13.24	0.611	13.86	13.61	0.612	4.01	3.99	0.884
South	4.96	4.77	0.213	12.87	12.83	0.920	13.24^a	12.12	0.013	3.68	3.63	0.741
West	5.34	5.28	0.795	13.73	12.89	0.116	14.59	14.02	0.310	3.90	3.93	0.905
Alabama	5.44	4.73	0.115	13.23	13.48	0.842	13.53	12.18	0.296	4.17	3.54	0.207
Alaska	5.47	5.28	0.702	14.52	13.39	0.421	16.15	14.13	0.163	3.95	4.03	0.885
Arizona	5.15	5.68	0.309	13.61	13.37	0.854	14.37	15.33	0.490	3.67	4.13	0.420
Arkansas	5.23	5.29	0.914	14.03	13.65	0.777	13.68	13.21	0.713	3.88	4.01	0.820
California	4.97	4.59	0.232	13.34	12.39	0.253	13.64	12.29	0.115	3.62	3.40	0.519
Colorado	5.91	6.19	0.577	14.26	13.45	0.545	14.94	14.80	0.916	4.52	4.86	0.551
Connecticut	4.16	4.86	0.118	11.00	11.87	0.487	12.11	13.08	0.482	2.91	3.60	0.158
Delaware	4.75	4.67	0.848	13.06	13.23	0.896	14.14	12.47	0.205	3.47	3.61	0.761
District of Columbia	5.25	6.04	0.142	10.68	11.60	0.460	12.62	11.51	0.398	4.00^b	5.10	0.064
Florida	4.80	4.42	0.289	13.40	12.98	0.639	14.31	12.70	0.105	3.57	3.35	0.562
Georgia	5.02	5.26	0.552	12.34	12.17	0.873	13.38	12.07	0.249	3.66	4.15	0.261
Hawaii	4.64	4.84	0.710	14.04	12.92	0.440	13.84	15.18	0.330	3.49	3.58	0.878
Idaho	6.68	5.90	0.189	14.89	14.12	0.584	16.64	16.73	0.954	5.01	4.03	0.133
Illinois	5.26	5.02	0.518	13.21	13.79	0.595	13.22	12.54	0.508	4.04	3.86	0.660
Indiana	5.56	5.48	0.846	13.34	13.10	0.856	15.09	14.26	0.520	3.95	4.00	0.927
Iowa	5.51	5.87	0.474	13.80	12.75	0.450	13.65	13.83	0.896	4.10	4.49	0.493
Kansas	5.31	5.79	0.351	13.09	12.62	0.718	12.96	13.45	0.690	3.97	4.44	0.411
Kentucky	5.41	5.44	0.947	12.94	12.58	0.779	11.52	12.30	0.529	4.46	4.39	0.891
Louisiana	5.51	5.22	0.548	13.20	12.97	0.845	12.55	11.31	0.360	4.41	4.26	0.773
Maine	4.56	5.24	0.169	13.34	15.36	0.131	12.48	14.02	0.261	3.57	4.15	0.289
Maryland	4.41	4.82	0.376	13.32	14.66	0.314	14.59	12.64	0.156	2.96	3.71	0.104
Massachusetts	4.36^a	6.07	0.000	12.24	12.61	0.777	12.72	14.92	0.137	3.00^a	4.64	0.001
Michigan	5.42	4.96	0.203	11.85	12.34	0.591	13.81	12.55	0.197	4.11	3.78	0.406
Minnesota	5.07	4.94	0.779	13.94	13.98	0.980	13.49	14.17	0.644	3.80	3.54	0.621
Mississippi	4.94^b	4.18	0.080	12.37	12.16	0.859	12.23	10.37	0.156	3.75	3.14	0.206
Missouri	5.61	5.68	0.876	14.43	12.88	0.236	15.12	14.09	0.460	4.13	4.37	0.641
Montana	6.02	5.49	0.325	14.64	13.70	0.512	14.69	15.97	0.418	4.69	3.90	0.187
Nebraska	6.15	5.70	0.408	14.18	14.06	0.933	13.55	14.02	0.710	4.87	4.26	0.321
Nevada	5.75	5.60	0.792	13.80	14.23	0.780	15.53	16.01	0.744	4.42	4.19	0.731
New Hampshire	4.87^b	5.81	0.065	13.58	14.19	0.644	14.43	15.14	0.643	3.54^b	4.53	0.072
New Jersey	4.37	4.73	0.395	12.71	12.59	0.914	14.66	13.30	0.289	2.91	3.53	0.172
New Mexico	5.55	5.49	0.909	12.95	14.74	0.248	16.02	15.02	0.503	3.90	3.98	0.894
New York	4.29	4.80	0.134	12.25	11.30	0.345	10.24	10.63	0.680	3.40	3.93	0.162
North Carolina	4.70	4.45	0.552	12.79	12.51	0.802	12.43	11.33	0.376	3.50	3.39	0.793
North Dakota	5.68	5.45	0.642	13.63	12.62	0.457	13.89	13.13	0.568	4.11	3.94	0.756
Ohio	5.21	5.27	0.870	14.25	13.53	0.485	13.99	14.12	0.888	3.87	3.93	0.890
Oklahoma	5.47	5.33	0.776	13.71	12.39	0.326	13.57	12.28	0.319	4.09	4.14	0.937
Oregon	5.61^b	6.62	0.077	15.00	13.72	0.391	17.34	18.72	0.369	3.95	4.92	0.124
Pennsylvania	4.74	5.34	0.141	13.46	13.38	0.934	13.69	12.64	0.340	3.42^b	4.25	0.060
Rhode Island	4.74	5.48	0.139	12.98	13.52	0.691	12.59	13.04	0.737	3.45	4.26	0.139
South Carolina	4.67	4.45	0.645	12.55	12.66	0.934	11.77	10.77	0.378	3.62	3.51	0.841
South Dakota	5.59	5.96	0.463	14.33	14.98	0.648	13.49^a	16.53	0.047	4.31	4.21	0.858
Tennessee	5.11	5.56	0.342	14.16	14.54	0.790	14.24	14.59	0.795	3.73	4.19	0.370
Texas	4.98^a	4.30	0.040	12.05	12.04	0.999	12.97	11.78	0.198	3.59^b	3.00	0.089
Utah	7.12	7.56	0.394	13.04	12.12	0.461	15.64	17.16	0.287	5.20	5.35	0.790
Vermont	5.35	5.99	0.240	13.07	14.71	0.217	13.51	15.43	0.170	4.04	4.51	0.436
Virginia	4.76	5.25	0.243	13.37	13.76	0.702	12.60	11.33	0.234	3.55^b	4.32	0.094
Washington	5.51	5.62	0.822	14.79	12.92	0.161	16.14	14.24	0.179	4.01	4.41	0.436
West Virginia	5.71	6.62	0.127	13.90	14.63	0.602	14.80	15.46	0.624	4.40	5.33	0.159
Wisconsin	5.16	5.53	0.424	13.69	12.92	0.531	13.32	14.31	0.413	3.88	4.15	0.596
Wyoming	5.84	6.48	0.292	14.34	14.42	0.957	14.47^b	17.03	0.088	4.52	4.85	0.629
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 32 – *Made Any Suicide Plans in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	1.45	1.45	0.926	6.35	6.07	0.259	5.06^a	4.58	0.032	0.89	0.97	0.137
Northeast	1.21	1.34	0.163	6.21	5.65	0.164	4.43	4.23	0.564	0.73^b	0.91	0.051
Midwest	1.54	1.60	0.496	6.67	6.19	0.138	5.41^a	4.71	0.015	0.92^a	1.11	0.037
South	1.49	1.46	0.739	6.17	6.05	0.693	5.04^b	4.54	0.074	0.94	0.98	0.636
West	1.48	1.39	0.420	6.46	6.29	0.667	5.22	4.77	0.259	0.90	0.87	0.799
Alabama	1.38	1.53	0.459	7.09	7.44	0.719	4.74	4.46	0.697	0.84	1.05	0.305
Alaska	1.88	1.76	0.664	9.12	7.31	0.108	7.24	5.95	0.179	1.11	1.17	0.830
Arizona	1.68	1.64	0.883	6.28	7.18	0.296	5.67	5.52	0.864	1.03	1.02	0.951
Arkansas	1.48^a	1.97	0.041	6.82	6.90	0.925	5.29	5.63	0.676	0.87^a	1.38	0.037
California	1.41^b	1.15	0.084	5.88	5.93	0.933	5.05	4.15	0.122	0.84	0.69	0.289
Colorado	1.42	1.71	0.213	7.16	5.75	0.107	4.35	5.14	0.226	0.97	1.18	0.400
Connecticut	1.25	1.21	0.840	5.91	5.30	0.440	4.69	4.08	0.408	0.71	0.77	0.756
Delaware	1.58	1.35	0.252	6.40	7.39	0.275	5.63^a	3.92	0.015	1.03	1.00	0.874
District of Columbia	1.41	1.54	0.563	7.67	6.82	0.350	3.62	3.58	0.947	1.03	1.19	0.520
Florida	1.49	1.33	0.336	5.81	6.08	0.632	5.21	4.60	0.271	1.01	0.90	0.551
Georgia	1.55	1.81	0.214	6.39	5.80	0.385	5.53	4.76	0.255	0.90^a	1.32	0.046
Hawaii	1.05	1.22	0.427	5.60	5.49	0.901	3.33^b	4.91	0.054	0.77	0.77	0.989
Idaho	1.81	1.69	0.596	8.11^b	6.39	0.078	6.37	5.53	0.381	1.04	1.02	0.938
Illinois	1.21	1.24	0.814	6.83	6.87	0.962	4.29	3.76	0.296	0.73	0.85	0.421
Indiana	1.86	1.72	0.498	6.71	5.84	0.262	7.16^a	4.92	0.003	0.96	1.18	0.274
Iowa	1.55	1.70	0.488	6.80	6.16	0.503	5.57	5.04	0.496	0.85	1.12	0.220
Kansas	1.61	1.69	0.718	6.71	6.26	0.594	4.85	5.00	0.820	1.05	1.10	0.800
Kentucky	1.78	2.02	0.312	7.08	6.13	0.245	5.68	5.68	0.999	1.17	1.46	0.252
Louisiana	1.69	1.48	0.357	6.75	6.94	0.814	5.32^a	3.81	0.037	1.12	1.12	0.978
Maine	1.31	1.64	0.114	6.06	5.81	0.769	4.84	5.44	0.444	0.88	1.17	0.184
Maryland	1.29	1.42	0.525	7.70	7.52	0.834	4.93	4.35	0.425	0.77	1.01	0.262
Massachusetts	1.19	1.40	0.307	6.34	6.50	0.858	4.22	4.31	0.898	0.70	0.93	0.257
Michigan	1.56	1.62	0.715	5.29	5.89	0.318	5.40	4.77	0.268	0.96	1.14	0.320
Minnesota	1.41	1.48	0.710	7.50	6.14	0.119	5.63	4.92	0.339	0.77	0.96	0.330
Mississippi	1.30	1.36	0.749	6.07	6.05	0.978	4.40	4.11	0.695	0.79	0.90	0.543
Missouri	1.51	1.55	0.838	7.06^b	5.67	0.085	5.30	4.39	0.208	0.92	1.10	0.342
Montana	1.62	1.73	0.620	8.03^b	6.35	0.088	5.41	5.13	0.754	1.04	1.22	0.439
Nebraska	1.54	1.55	0.955	5.73	6.98	0.171	4.55	4.34	0.750	1.02	1.07	0.828
Nevada	1.49	1.54	0.803	5.99	6.65	0.476	5.82	5.44	0.653	0.90	1.02	0.605
New Hampshire	1.42	1.68	0.205	6.70	6.13	0.483	5.03	5.22	0.796	0.91	1.20	0.197
New Jersey	1.21	1.20	0.925	6.14	5.81	0.664	4.88	4.05	0.213	0.70	0.80	0.536
New Mexico	1.62	1.65	0.877	7.19	7.32	0.896	5.91	5.35	0.496	0.94	1.07	0.572
New York	1.09	1.29	0.155	6.31	5.51	0.243	4.05	3.98	0.895	0.64^b	0.89	0.094
North Carolina	1.37	1.35	0.896	6.00	5.81	0.803	4.55	4.17	0.522	0.88	0.91	0.882
North Dakota	1.69	1.78	0.720	7.63	6.46	0.227	4.65	4.70	0.949	1.12	1.20	0.744
Ohio	1.70	1.79	0.580	6.81	5.89	0.146	5.70	5.04	0.240	1.10	1.30	0.228
Oklahoma	1.69	1.50	0.342	7.03	6.16	0.310	5.60	5.00	0.405	1.03	0.90	0.543
Oregon	1.54	1.68	0.508	7.15	6.48	0.450	5.38	6.00	0.443	1.00	1.08	0.722
Pennsylvania	1.31	1.42	0.529	6.18	5.35	0.203	4.62	4.38	0.692	0.83	0.97	0.366
Rhode Island	1.54	1.54	0.991	5.98	5.27	0.378	4.98	4.72	0.729	0.98	1.03	0.834
South Carolina	1.41	1.36	0.821	6.28	5.99	0.703	4.87	3.92	0.134	0.90	0.98	0.689
South Dakota	1.52^b	1.95	0.074	7.05	6.84	0.828	5.48	5.87	0.636	0.88^b	1.30	0.088
Tennessee	1.58	1.67	0.711	6.76	6.68	0.928	5.69	4.76	0.192	0.97	1.20	0.311
Texas	1.53	1.32	0.175	5.45	5.34	0.869	4.94	4.65	0.607	0.93	0.74	0.212
Utah	1.67^b	2.14	0.059	6.24	6.11	0.873	4.65	5.42	0.280	1.00	1.39	0.105
Vermont	1.41	1.76	0.120	5.33	5.90	0.467	3.98^a	5.98	0.013	1.00	1.10	0.669
Virginia	1.30	1.26	0.842	5.93	5.94	0.986	4.13	3.72	0.428	0.86	0.88	0.884
Washington	1.44	1.36	0.653	8.07	7.25	0.388	6.00	5.01	0.210	0.80	0.85	0.791
West Virginia	1.53^b	1.98	0.053	6.27	6.22	0.942	5.76	5.85	0.909	0.92^a	1.42	0.042
Wisconsin	1.61	1.79	0.421	7.05	6.42	0.454	5.58	5.40	0.818	0.99	1.22	0.289
Wyoming	1.57	1.88	0.228	6.57	6.49	0.927	5.12	6.08	0.308	1.03	1.23	0.418
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

241002

Table 33 – *Attempted Suicide in the Past Year:* Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and State, Annual Average Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023
State	18+ (2021‑2022)	18+ (2022‑2023)	18+ (P Value)	12-17 (2021‑2022)	12-17 (2022‑2023)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2021‑2022)	18-25 (2022‑2023)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2021‑2022)	26+ (2022‑2023)	26+ (P Value)
Total U.S.	0.67^b	0.60	0.056	3.67	3.52	0.411	2.45^a	2.04	0.013	0.40	0.38	0.571
Northeast	0.59	0.57	0.811	3.20	3.18	0.955	2.11	2.00	0.665	0.36	0.35	0.946
Midwest	0.70	0.64	0.483	3.69	3.53	0.607	2.43	2.04	0.108	0.42	0.42	0.943
South	0.70	0.64	0.470	3.73	3.59	0.635	2.57^b	2.12	0.075	0.41	0.41	0.990
West	0.67^b	0.52	0.087	3.87	3.61	0.515	2.53^a	1.94	0.049	0.38	0.30	0.317
Alabama	0.74	0.63	0.437	4.17	4.28	0.881	2.58	2.31	0.632	0.45	0.36	0.467
Alaska	0.71	0.65	0.717	5.57	4.93	0.575	2.45	2.59	0.832	0.46	0.38	0.538
Arizona	0.77	0.63	0.347	4.80	3.85	0.243	2.61	2.36	0.675	0.47	0.35	0.335
Arkansas	0.84	0.82	0.897	4.09	3.83	0.715	2.42	2.18	0.660	0.59	0.60	0.968
California	0.62^b	0.43	0.091	3.20	3.28	0.898	2.49^b	1.73	0.093	0.33	0.23	0.276
Colorado	0.73	0.60	0.384	4.58	3.39	0.119	2.36	1.65	0.146	0.47	0.44	0.783
Connecticut	0.58	0.54	0.743	3.44	2.99	0.458	2.10	1.87	0.630	0.34	0.33	0.945
Delaware	0.65	0.60	0.712	3.91	3.69	0.748	2.32	1.90	0.410	0.43	0.43	0.987
District of Columbia	0.74	0.81	0.732	3.31	4.27	0.228	2.77	2.54	0.744	0.40	0.51	0.505
Florida	0.64	0.60	0.761	3.78	3.43	0.526	2.75	2.26	0.347	0.37	0.39	0.845
Georgia	0.75	0.65	0.474	4.12	3.84	0.673	2.76	1.97	0.146	0.42	0.44	0.890
Hawaii	0.51	0.51	0.985	3.47	4.12	0.508	2.15	2.19	0.947	0.31	0.31	0.983
Idaho	0.79	0.66	0.378	5.07	4.00	0.220	2.47	2.15	0.573	0.51	0.40	0.401
Illinois	0.61	0.53	0.481	3.77	3.60	0.777	2.31	1.97	0.475	0.35	0.31	0.673
Indiana	0.77	0.70	0.615	3.59	3.42	0.785	2.90	2.04	0.114	0.40	0.47	0.558
Iowa	0.70	0.70	0.995	3.48	3.25	0.712	2.17	1.93	0.610	0.44	0.48	0.757
Kansas	0.73	0.65	0.578	3.70	3.50	0.752	2.26	1.97	0.553	0.46	0.42	0.744
Kentucky	0.74	0.77	0.842	3.57	3.54	0.962	2.44	2.51	0.905	0.48	0.51	0.847
Louisiana	0.79	0.80	0.973	3.99	4.04	0.950	2.33	2.23	0.860	0.55	0.57	0.898
Maine	0.64	0.62	0.862	3.88	3.54	0.647	2.61	2.46	0.807	0.40	0.39	0.933
Maryland	0.66	0.71	0.758	3.74	4.39	0.384	3.06	2.34	0.277	0.32	0.48	0.182
Massachusetts	0.55	0.56	0.992	2.89	3.00	0.850	2.01	1.99	0.979	0.32	0.32	0.955
Michigan	0.70	0.61	0.417	3.04	3.35	0.551	2.54	2.20	0.460	0.41	0.36	0.589
Minnesota	0.66	0.63	0.817	4.15	3.44	0.294	2.31	2.01	0.560	0.42	0.43	0.936
Mississippi	0.72	0.73	0.930	3.68	4.43	0.319	2.28	2.69	0.513	0.46	0.40	0.676
Missouri	0.74	0.71	0.807	4.07	3.70	0.590	2.65	2.30	0.522	0.45	0.46	0.917
Montana	0.75	0.60	0.274	4.37	3.77	0.466	2.59	2.05	0.322	0.47	0.38	0.439
Nebraska	0.72	0.58	0.309	3.15	3.68	0.382	2.23	1.82	0.379	0.46	0.36	0.430
Nevada	0.70	0.56	0.328	4.62	3.87	0.360	3.11	2.35	0.269	0.37	0.32	0.649
New Hampshire	0.55	0.70	0.264	4.23	3.86	0.653	2.17	2.77	0.328	0.32	0.41	0.433
New Jersey	0.51	0.54	0.823	2.96	3.61	0.307	1.91	1.84	0.873	0.31	0.35	0.695
New Mexico	0.81	0.71	0.536	5.44	4.82	0.560	3.02	2.68	0.654	0.47	0.39	0.632
New York	0.62	0.56	0.560	2.78	2.92	0.788	2.21	2.08	0.763	0.39	0.33	0.572
North Carolina	0.71	0.64	0.626	3.63	3.50	0.842	2.15	1.81	0.460	0.49	0.46	0.846
North Dakota	0.76	0.68	0.587	4.12	4.00	0.885	2.19	2.04	0.788	0.49	0.41	0.561
Ohio	0.75	0.74	0.966	3.63	3.61	0.977	2.30	1.95	0.432	0.51	0.56	0.751
Oklahoma	0.85	0.68	0.266	4.42	3.26	0.113	2.54	2.09	0.399	0.57	0.43	0.365
Oregon	0.68	0.64	0.773	4.48	4.03	0.560	2.48	2.47	0.975	0.42	0.38	0.734
Pennsylvania	0.59	0.59	0.978	3.83	3.28	0.361	2.10	1.85	0.544	0.37	0.40	0.745
Rhode Island	0.66	0.57	0.517	3.78	2.83	0.139	2.06	2.01	0.916	0.43	0.34	0.437
South Carolina	0.67	0.64	0.830	3.81	3.80	0.994	2.23	2.10	0.800	0.44	0.42	0.900
South Dakota	0.74	0.67	0.648	3.88	3.94	0.941	2.53	2.50	0.967	0.45	0.36	0.496
Tennessee	0.75	0.73	0.891	4.13	4.16	0.970	2.45	2.14	0.569	0.49	0.51	0.875
Texas	0.72	0.58	0.250	3.33	3.15	0.741	2.76	2.07	0.150	0.36	0.32	0.683
Utah	0.75	0.63	0.415	4.07	4.16	0.919	2.23	1.85	0.445	0.42	0.35	0.602
Vermont	0.63	0.71	0.629	4.28	3.73	0.493	2.14	2.72	0.371	0.39	0.39	0.998
Virginia	0.55	0.56	0.957	3.65	3.45	0.738	2.14	1.83	0.504	0.31	0.36	0.587
Washington	0.68	0.58	0.439	4.16	3.90	0.722	2.72	2.00	0.192	0.39	0.38	0.923
West Virginia	0.67	0.61	0.706	3.87	3.35	0.470	2.47	2.29	0.749	0.41	0.37	0.755
Wisconsin	0.67	0.57	0.441	4.22	3.52	0.312	2.42	1.93	0.303	0.39	0.36	0.743
Wyoming	0.69	0.69	0.974	4.57	4.34	0.797	2.29	2.58	0.669	0.45	0.39	0.689
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on the survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages (for details, see Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis of No Change between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 State Population Percentages at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/state-reports-NSDUH-2023). The “Total U.S.” estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: P values appearing as 0.000 in this table means that the p value is < 0.001. NOTE: The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. For details, see Section B of 2022‑2023 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022‑2023-nsduh-guide-state-tables-and-summary-sae-methodology. ^a,b The difference between the 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 population percentages is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .10 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

National Surveys on Drug Use and Health:Comparison of 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 Population Percentages(50 States and the District of Columbia)

National Surveys on Drug Use and Health:
Comparison of 2021‑2022 and 2022‑2023 Population Percentages
(50 States and the District of Columbia)