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Table 6.1A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 58,657a 61,506 23,817a 25,608 34,840 35,897
18-25 11,515 11,613 4,718 4,911 6,797 6,702
18-20 3,737 3,832 1,554 1,623 2,183 2,209
21-25 7,777 7,781 3,164 3,288 4,613 4,493
26 or Older 47,142a 49,893 19,099a 20,697 28,043 29,195
26-49 30,264 31,456 12,638 13,487 17,626 17,968
26-29 6,290 6,192 2,773 2,874 3,517 3,319
30-34 7,982 7,988 3,503 3,259 4,479 4,729
35-39 6,713 6,790 2,927 3,170 3,787 3,620
40-44 5,117 5,623 1,950 2,183 3,167 3,440
45-49 4,162a 4,862 1,486a 2,002 2,676 2,860
50 or Older 16,879 18,437 6,461 7,210 10,418 11,227
50-54 3,713 4,189 1,552 1,501 2,161 2,688
55-59 3,220 3,781 1,195 1,673 2,026 2,108
60-64 3,485 3,598 1,608 1,477 1,877 2,121
65 or Older 6,460 6,869 2,107 2,559 4,354 4,311
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.1B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 22.8 23.4 19.0 20.0 26.4 26.7
18-25 33.8 33.2 27.6 28.0 40.1 38.5
18-20 30.8 30.5 24.5 25.1 37.5 36.3
21-25 35.5 34.8 29.5 29.7 41.4 39.8
26 or Older 21.1 21.9 17.6 18.8 24.3 24.9
26-49 29.2 29.7 24.6 25.6 33.9 33.8
26-29 35.8 35.4 30.8 32.0 41.0 39.1
30-34 35.2 34.0 31.8 28.6 38.5 39.1
35-39 28.9 29.3 24.7 26.4 33.3 32.4
40-44 24.1 25.1 18.7 20.1 29.4 29.8
45-49 22.1a 25.3 16.2b 21.4 27.6 28.9
50 or Older 14.1 15.2 11.4 12.5 16.5 17.5
50-54 19.9 21.3 17.7 16.4 21.8 25.5
55-59 15.7a 19.4 12.3a 17.4 18.7 21.4
60-64 15.2 16.0 13.4 12.9 17.2 19.2
65 or Older 11.1 11.5 8.0 9.4 13.8 13.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.2A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 58,657a 61,506 11,515 11,613 47,142a 49,893 30,264 31,456 16,879 18,437
SEX                    
Male 23,817a 25,608 4,718 4,911 19,099a 20,697 12,638 13,487 6,461 7,210
Female 34,840 35,897 6,797 6,702 28,043 29,195 17,626 17,968 10,418 11,227
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 49,289a 51,621 9,086 9,117 40,203a 42,503 25,225 26,076 14,978 16,427
AIAN 259 299 42 49 218 250 147 159 71 90
Asian 2,908 2,916 670 769 2,238 2,147 1,436 1,475 802 672
Black or African American 6,054 6,632 1,192 1,287 4,862 5,345 3,140 3,442 1,722 1,903
NHPI * 141 * * * 107 * 49 * *
White 37,780 39,700 6,646 6,514 31,134 33,186 19,466 19,827 11,668a 13,359
Two or More Races 1,932 1,932 493 463 1,439 1,469 882a 1,124 557 345
Hispanic or Latino 9,368 9,885 2,429 2,496 6,940 7,389 5,039 5,379 1,901 2,010
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 26,909 27,882 4,546 4,352 22,363 23,530 17,899 18,821 4,464 4,709
Part-Time 8,341 9,258 3,220 3,192 5,121a 6,066 3,754 3,977 1,367a 2,089
Unemployed 3,583a 4,260 1,057b 1,422 2,527 2,839 1,961 2,259 566 580
Other1 19,823 20,105 2,692 2,647 17,132 17,458 6,649 6,399 10,482 11,059
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.2B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 22.8 23.4 33.8 33.2 21.1 21.9 29.2 29.7 14.1 15.2
SEX                    
Male 19.0 20.0 27.6 28.0 17.6 18.8 24.6 25.6 11.4 12.5
Female 26.4 26.7 40.1 38.5 24.3 24.9 33.9 33.8 16.5 17.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 23.2 24.1 35.3 34.8 21.6 22.6 31.0 31.5 14.3 15.6
AIAN 23.5 25.9 29.5 31.8 22.6 25.0 35.0 30.2 13.0 19.2
Asian 18.1 17.0 30.3 32.0 16.2 14.6 18.4 18.3 13.3 10.1
Black or African American 19.4 20.9 26.1 28.0 18.3 19.7 23.0 24.8 13.3 14.4
NHPI * 12.2 * * * 10.6 * 8.7 * *
White 24.0a 25.1 37.7 36.7 22.3a 23.7 34.2 34.6 14.1a 16.1
Two or More Races 36.7 35.5 45.1 40.4 34.5 34.2 39.9 45.1 28.4 19.1
Hispanic or Latino 20.6 20.7 29.4 28.5 18.7 19.0 22.9 23.4 12.5 12.6
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 22.2 23.0 32.9 31.0 20.9 22.0 26.3 27.4 11.4 12.2
Part-Time 26.4 28.6 38.5 36.3 22.1a 25.7 35.4 35.8 10.9b 16.7
Unemployed 31.3 33.0 31.6b 38.7 31.2 30.8 34.3 35.9 23.8 19.7
Other1 21.2 21.0 31.6 31.4 20.1 20.0 34.8 32.5 15.9 16.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.3A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 58,657a 61,506 11,515 11,613 47,142a 49,893 30,264 31,456 16,879 18,437
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 10,192 10,089 1,961 2,048 8,231 8,041 5,060 4,654 3,171 3,387
Midwest 12,089a 13,101 2,582 2,529 9,506a 10,572 6,185a 6,832 3,321 3,740
South 21,828 23,002 3,990 4,091 17,837 18,911 11,337 11,885 6,500 7,027
West 14,549 15,313 2,982 2,945 11,567 12,368 7,682 8,085 3,886 4,284
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 31,113a 33,726 5,947 6,127 25,166a 27,599 16,758 17,937 8,409 9,663
Small Metro 19,768 20,532 4,237 4,156 15,531 16,376 9,846 10,166 5,685 6,210
Nonmetro 7,776 7,248 1,330 1,331 6,445 5,917 3,660 3,353 2,785 2,564
Urbanized 3,343 3,123 697 668 2,646 2,455 1,638 1,316 1,008 1,139
Less Urbanized 3,755 3,689 563 597 3,192 3,092 1,785 1,814 1,407 1,278
Completely Rural 678 436 71 66 607 370 237 224 370a 146
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 11,454 11,876 2,598 2,662 8,856 9,215 4,817 5,261 4,039 3,954
100-199% 12,374 13,212 2,835 2,998 9,539 10,214 5,753 5,900 3,786 4,314
200% or More 34,818 36,374 6,070 5,910 28,748 30,464 19,693 20,295 9,055 10,169
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 5,131 4,930 1,025 1,071 4,107 3,859 1,818 1,752 2,289 2,106
High School Graduate 14,563 14,712 3,582 3,533 10,981 11,179 6,180 6,392 4,801 4,787
Some College/Associate’s Degree 20,382 21,492 4,912 4,956 15,470 16,536 10,099 10,345 5,371 6,191
College Graduate 18,581b 20,372 1,997 2,053 16,584a 18,319 12,166 12,967 4,418a 5,353
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 33,159 35,155 6,961 6,869 26,197a 28,286 18,163 18,874 8,035a 9,412
Medicaid/CHIP 16,425 15,496 3,161 2,875 13,264 12,621 8,186 7,793 5,078 4,828
Other3 13,123 13,802 831 943 12,292 12,859 3,082 3,223 9,211 9,636
No Coverage 4,958b 5,928 1,162b 1,486 3,796 4,442 3,038a 3,669 758 772
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.3B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 22.8 23.4 33.8 33.2 21.1 21.9 29.2 29.7 14.1 15.2
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 22.7 22.1 34.1 34.7 21.0 20.2 29.1a 26.2 14.6 15.4
Midwest 22.9 24.5 36.2 34.7 20.8a 22.9 30.0a 32.5 13.3 14.8
South 22.1 22.7 30.4 30.3 20.8 21.6 28.5 29.1 14.1 15.0
West 23.9 24.7 37.1 35.7 21.9 23.0 30.0 30.9 14.3 15.5
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 21.8 23.0 32.4 32.9 20.3 21.5 27.6 28.8 13.2 14.6
Small Metro 24.5 24.5 37.1 34.8 22.4 22.8 31.9 31.2 14.8 15.8
Nonmetro 22.7 22.9 31.2 30.6 21.5 21.7 30.8 30.4 15.4 15.8
Urbanized 24.0 23.8 37.0 30.7 21.9 22.4 32.3 29.4 14.4 17.6
Less Urbanized 21.5 23.1 27.0 31.4 20.7 22.0 30.8 31.2 14.7 15.6
Completely Rural 24.2a 17.0 24.1 23.7 24.2a 16.2 23.6 30.6 24.6b 9.4
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 29.0 29.0 30.9 31.8 28.5 28.3 29.9 30.9 27.0 25.4
100-199% 25.3 26.2 36.0 35.3 23.2 24.4 31.7 31.2 16.5 18.8
200% or More 20.6 21.3 34.2 32.9 19.0 19.9 28.5 29.0 11.0 12.2
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 21.0 20.5 28.7 30.3 19.6 18.8 22.6 22.4 17.8 16.6
High School Graduate 21.0 20.9 31.0 29.0 19.0 19.2 26.3 26.7 14.0 14.0
Some College/Associate’s Degree 26.5 27.6 37.3 37.4 24.2 25.6 33.9 34.4 15.8 17.9
College Graduate 21.5 22.6 34.7 34.3 20.5 21.8 28.9 29.5 11.4 13.4
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 21.1 21.8 36.5 34.9 19.0 20.0 27.7 27.8 11.1a 12.8
Medicaid/CHIP 33.0 31.9 33.2 32.0 32.9 31.9 36.5 36.2 28.4 26.8
Other3 17.0 17.7 29.5 33.7 16.5 17.1 38.0 37.1 13.9 14.5
No Coverage 22.0a 24.7 25.9 29.5 21.0 23.4 23.6 26.7 14.6 14.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.4A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 14,601 14,599 5,431 6,016 9,170 8,583
18-25 3,519 3,282 1,220 1,298 2,299a 1,984
18-20 1,118 1,039 389 405 729 634
21-25 2,401 2,243 831 893 1,571 1,350
26 or Older 11,082 11,317 4,212 4,718 6,870 6,599
26-49 8,202 7,930 3,163 3,374 5,040 4,556
26-29 1,938 1,738 758 900 1,180b 838
30-34 2,328 2,144 957 810 1,371 1,334
35-39 1,602 1,435 645 539 957 896
40-44 1,280 1,373 438 564 843 809
45-49 1,054 1,240 365 560 689 680
50 or Older 2,880 3,386 1,049 1,344 1,831 2,042
50-54 846a 1,352 297 436 549 916
55-59 622 824 213 448 409 377
60-64 611 509 325 182 286 327
65 or Older 800 701 214 279 587 423
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.4B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 5.7 5.6 4.3 4.7 6.9 6.4
18-25 10.3 9.4 7.1 7.4 13.6a 11.4
18-20 9.2 8.3 6.1 6.3 12.5 10.4
21-25 11.0 10.0 7.7 8.1 14.1a 11.9
26 or Older 5.0 5.0 3.9 4.3 6.0 5.6
26-49 7.9 7.5 6.1 6.4 9.7a 8.6
26-29 11.0 10.0 8.4 10.0 13.7b 9.9
30-34 10.3 9.1 8.7 7.1 11.8 11.0
35-39 6.9 6.2 5.5 4.5 8.4 8.0
40-44 6.0 6.1 4.2 5.2 7.8 7.0
45-49 5.6 6.4 4.0 6.0 7.1 6.9
50 or Older 2.4 2.8 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.2
50-54 4.5 6.9 3.4 4.8 5.5 8.7
55-59 3.0 4.2 2.2 4.7 3.8 3.8
60-64 2.7 2.3 2.7 1.6 2.6 3.0
65 or Older 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.9 1.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.5A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 14,601 14,599 3,519 3,282 11,082 11,317 8,202 7,930 2,880 3,386
SEX                    
Male 5,431 6,016 1,220 1,298 4,212 4,718 3,163 3,374 1,049 1,344
Female 9,170 8,583 2,299a 1,984 6,870 6,599 5,040 4,556 1,831 2,042
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 12,119 12,529 2,785 2,694 9,334 9,834 6,791 6,684 2,543 3,150
AIAN 37 46 20 21 17 25 15 20 1 6
Asian 467 654 155 232 312 422 249 301 * 120
Black or African American 1,164 1,447 293 297 870 1,150 708 821 163 329
NHPI * * * <1 * * * 3 * *
White 9,663 9,629 2,097 1,939 7,565 7,689 5,446 5,175 2,119 2,514
Two or More Races 737 715 206 205 530 509 334 365 * *
Hispanic or Latino 2,481 2,070 734 588 1,748 1,482 1,411 1,246 337 236
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 6,825 6,285 1,392 1,258 5,433 5,027 4,479 4,220 954 807
Part-Time 2,365 2,284 1,065 865 1,299 1,419 1,050 1,135 249 285
Unemployed 1,043 1,154 318 341 725 814 649 674 75 140
Other1 4,368 4,875 743 818 3,625 4,056 2,024 1,901 1,601 2,155
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.5B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 5.7 5.6 10.3 9.4 5.0 5.0 7.9 7.5 2.4 2.8
SEX                    
Male 4.3 4.7 7.1 7.4 3.9 4.3 6.1 6.4 1.8 2.3
Female 6.9 6.4 13.6a 11.4 6.0 5.6 9.7a 8.6 2.9 3.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 5.7 5.8 10.8 10.3 5.0 5.2 8.3 8.1 2.4 3.0
AIAN 3.3 4.0 14.0 13.2 1.7 2.5 3.7 3.7 0.2 1.2
Asian 2.9 3.8 7.0 9.7 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.7 * 1.8
Black or African American 3.7 4.6 6.4 6.5 3.3 4.2 5.2 5.9 1.3 2.5
NHPI * * * 0.3 * * * 0.5 * *
White 6.1 6.1 11.9 10.9 5.4 5.5 9.6 9.0 2.6 3.0
Two or More Races 14.0 13.1 18.9 17.9 12.7 11.9 15.1 14.6 * *
Hispanic or Latino 5.5a 4.3 8.9 6.7 4.7 3.8 6.4 5.4 2.2 1.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 5.6 5.2 10.1 9.0 5.1 4.7 6.6 6.1 2.4 2.1
Part-Time 7.5 7.1 12.8a 9.8 5.6 6.0 9.9 10.2 2.0 2.3
Unemployed 9.1 9.0 9.5 9.3 8.9 8.8 11.3 10.7 3.2 4.8
Other1 4.7 5.1 8.7 9.7 4.3 4.6 10.6 9.6 2.4 3.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.6A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 14,601 14,599 3,519 3,282 11,082 11,317 8,202 7,930 2,880 3,386
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 2,503 2,367 608 548 1,896 1,819 1,429a 1,123 466 695
Midwest 2,849b 3,425 763 811 2,086b 2,614 1,678 1,866 407b 748
South 5,475 5,173 1,216 1,085 4,258 4,088 3,057 2,984 1,202 1,104
West 3,774 3,634 932 838 2,843 2,795 2,038 1,957 805 838
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 7,169 7,629 1,689 1,817 5,480 5,812 4,160 4,240 1,320 1,572
Small Metro 5,504 5,053 1,399a 1,098 4,105 3,955 2,873 2,707 1,231 1,248
Nonmetro 1,928 1,918 431 368 1,497 1,550 1,169 983 329 567
Urbanized 779 858 203 192 576 666 473 374 102a 293
Less Urbanized 987 966 202 164 785 802 608 563 177 239
Completely Rural 162 94 26 12 137 82 87 47 49 35
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 3,017 3,452 806 731 2,211 2,721 1,584 1,572 627a 1,149
100-199% 3,327 3,189 864 803 2,463 2,385 1,749 1,672 713 713
200% or More 8,255 7,948 1,847 1,738 6,409 6,210 4,869 4,686 1,539 1,524
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 1,118 876 283 318 835 558 505 367 330 192
High School Graduate 3,739 3,477 1,110 961 2,629 2,517 1,856 1,654 773 863
Some College/Associate’s Degree 5,693 5,683 1,578 1,522 4,115 4,161 3,154 2,755 961 1,406
College Graduate 4,050 4,562 547 482 3,503 4,081 2,687 3,155 817 926
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 7,676 7,590 2,224 1,940 5,452 5,650 4,170 4,125 1,283 1,526
Medicaid/CHIP 4,403 4,552 899 753 3,504 3,799 2,758 2,400 746b 1,399
Other3 2,710 2,923 284 305 2,426 2,618 992 1,095 1,434 1,523
No Coverage 1,514 1,584 312a 447 1,202 1,137 961 1,003 241 134
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.6B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 5.7 5.6 10.3 9.4 5.0 5.0 7.9 7.5 2.4 2.8
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 5.6 5.2 10.6 9.3 4.8 4.6 8.2a 6.3 2.1 3.2
Midwest 5.4a 6.4 10.7 11.1 4.6a 5.7 8.1 8.9 1.6b 3.0
South 5.5 5.1 9.3 8.0 5.0 4.7 7.7 7.3 2.6 2.4
West 6.2 5.9 11.6 10.2 5.4 5.2 8.0 7.5 3.0 3.0
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 5.0 5.2 9.2 9.7 4.4 4.5 6.8 6.8 2.1 2.4
Small Metro 6.8a 6.0 12.2b 9.2 5.9 5.5 9.3 8.3 3.2 3.2
Nonmetro 5.6 6.1 10.1 8.4 5.0 5.7 9.8 8.9 1.8a 3.5
Urbanized 5.6 6.5 10.8 8.8 4.8 6.1 9.3 8.3 1.5a 4.5
Less Urbanized 5.6 6.1 9.7 8.6 5.1 5.7 10.5 9.7 1.8 2.9
Completely Rural 5.8 3.7 8.8 4.3 5.4 3.6 8.7 6.4 3.3 2.2
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 7.6 8.4 9.6 8.7 7.1 8.4 9.8 9.2 4.2a 7.4
100-199% 6.8 6.3 11.0 9.5 6.0 5.7 9.6 8.9 3.1 3.1
200% or More 4.9 4.7 10.4 9.7 4.2 4.1 7.0 6.7 1.9 1.8
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 4.6 3.6 7.9 9.0 4.0 2.7 6.3 4.7 2.6 1.5
High School Graduate 5.4 4.9 9.6a 7.9 4.5 4.3 7.9 6.9 2.2 2.5
Some College/Associate’s Degree 7.4 7.3 12.0 11.5 6.4 6.4 10.6 9.2 2.8 4.1
College Graduate 4.7 5.1 9.5 8.1 4.3 4.9 6.4 7.2 2.1 2.3
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 4.9 4.7 11.7a 9.8 4.0 4.0 6.4 6.1 1.8 2.1
Medicaid/CHIP 8.8 9.4 9.4 8.4 8.7 9.6 12.3 11.1 4.2b 7.8
Other3 3.5 3.8 10.1 10.9 3.3 3.5 12.2 12.6 2.2 2.3
No Coverage 6.7 6.6 7.0 8.9 6.7 6.0 7.5 7.3 4.7 2.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.7A – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Any Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 No Mental Illness
(2023)		 No Mental Illness
(2024)
TOTAL 58,657a 61,506 14,601 14,599 44,056b 46,907 198,885 200,785
AGE GROUP                
18-25 11,515 11,613 3,519 3,282 7,996 8,331 22,519b 23,333
26 or Older 47,142a 49,893 11,082 11,317 36,061b 38,576 176,367 177,452
26-49 30,264 31,456 8,202 7,930 22,061a 23,525 73,233 74,348
50 or Older 16,879 18,437 2,880 3,386 13,999 15,051 103,133 103,104
SEX                
Male 23,817a 25,608 5,431 6,016 18,386 19,592 101,542 102,117
Female 34,840 35,897 9,170 8,583 25,671a 27,315 97,343 98,668
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino 49,289a 51,621 12,119 12,529 37,169a 39,092 162,812 162,937
AIAN 259 299 37 46 223 253 844 855
Asian 2,908 2,916 467 654 2,441 2,262 13,123 14,210
Black or African American 6,054 6,632 1,164 1,447 4,891 5,185 25,104 25,050
NHPI * 141 * * * 102 * 1,016
White 37,780 39,700 9,663 9,629 28,118a 30,072 119,738 118,295
Two or More Races 1,932 1,932 737 715 1,195 1,218 3,333 3,511
Hispanic or Latino 9,368 9,885 2,481 2,070 6,887a 7,815 36,073b 37,848
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time 26,909 27,882 6,825 6,285 20,084a 21,597 94,075 93,329
Part-Time 8,341 9,258 2,365 2,284 5,977a 6,974 23,206 23,142
Unemployed 3,583a 4,260 1,043 1,154 2,540a 3,106 7,859 8,633
Other1 19,823 20,105 4,368 4,875 15,455 15,230 73,746 75,681
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.7B – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Any Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 No Mental Illness
(2023)		 No Mental Illness
(2024)
TOTAL 22.8 23.4 5.7 5.6 17.1a 17.9 77.2 76.6
AGE GROUP                
18-25 33.8 33.2 10.3 9.4 23.5 23.8 66.2 66.8
26 or Older 21.1 21.9 5.0 5.0 16.1 17.0 78.9 78.1
26-49 29.2 29.7 7.9 7.5 21.3 22.2 70.8 70.3
50 or Older 14.1 15.2 2.4 2.8 11.7 12.4 85.9 84.8
SEX                
Male 19.0 20.0 4.3 4.7 14.7 15.3 81.0 80.0
Female 26.4 26.7 6.9 6.4 19.4 20.3 73.6 73.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino 23.2 24.1 5.7 5.8 17.5 18.2 76.8 75.9
AIAN 23.5 25.9 3.3 4.0 20.2 21.9 76.5 74.1
Asian 18.1 17.0 2.9 3.8 15.2 13.2 81.9 83.0
Black or African American 19.4 20.9 3.7 4.6 15.7 16.4 80.6 79.1
NHPI * 12.2 * * * 8.8 * 87.8
White 24.0a 25.1 6.1 6.1 17.9a 19.0 76.0a 74.9
Two or More Races 36.7 35.5 14.0 13.1 22.7 22.4 63.3 64.5
Hispanic or Latino 20.6 20.7 5.5a 4.3 15.2 16.4 79.4 79.3
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time 22.2 23.0 5.6 5.2 16.6a 17.8 77.8 77.0
Part-Time 26.4 28.6 7.5 7.1 18.9a 21.5 73.6 71.4
Unemployed 31.3 33.0 9.1 9.0 22.2 24.1 68.7 67.0
Other1 21.2 21.0 4.7 5.1 16.5 15.9 78.8 79.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.8A – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Any Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 No Mental Illness
(2023)		 No Mental Illness
(2024)
TOTAL 58,657a 61,506 14,601 14,599 44,056b 46,907 198,885 200,785
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast 10,192 10,089 2,503 2,367 7,689 7,722 34,722 35,568
Midwest 12,089a 13,101 2,849b 3,425 9,240 9,676 40,728 40,405
South 21,828 23,002 5,475 5,173 16,353a 17,829 77,151 78,176
West 14,549 15,313 3,774 3,634 10,775 11,680 46,285 46,636
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro 31,113a 33,726 7,169 7,629 23,945a 26,097 111,495 113,122
Small Metro 19,768 20,532 5,504 5,053 14,264 15,479 60,931 63,285
Nonmetro 7,776 7,248 1,928 1,918 5,847 5,330 26,460 24,378
Urbanized 3,343 3,123 779 858 2,564 2,265 10,605 10,005
Less Urbanized 3,755 3,689 987 966 2,768 2,723 13,729 12,246
Completely Rural 678 436 162 94 516 342 2,125 2,127
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% 11,454 11,876 3,017 3,452 8,437 8,424 28,001 29,059
100-199% 12,374 13,212 3,327 3,189 9,047 10,023 36,618 37,123
200% or More 34,818 36,374 8,255 7,948 26,562a 28,426 134,256 134,496
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School 5,131 4,930 1,118 876 4,013 4,054 19,350 19,109
High School Graduate 14,563 14,712 3,739 3,477 10,824 11,234 54,913 55,624
Some College/Associate’s Degree 20,382 21,492 5,693 5,683 14,689 15,808 56,657 56,379
College Graduate 18,581b 20,372 4,050 4,562 14,530a 15,810 67,965b 69,673
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private 33,159 35,155 7,676 7,590 25,482a 27,564 123,937 125,895
Medicaid/CHIP 16,425 15,496 4,403 4,552 12,022 10,944 33,390 33,053
Other3 13,123 13,802 2,710 2,923 10,413 10,878 64,029 63,984
No Coverage 4,958b 5,928 1,514 1,584 3,444b 4,344 17,574 18,069
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.8B – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Any Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness
(2024)		 No Mental Illness
(2023)		 No Mental Illness
(2024)
TOTAL 22.8 23.4 5.7 5.6 17.1a 17.9 77.2 76.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast 22.7 22.1 5.6 5.2 17.1 16.9 77.3 77.9
Midwest 22.9 24.5 5.4a 6.4 17.5 18.1 77.1 75.5
South 22.1 22.7 5.5 5.1 16.5 17.6 77.9 77.3
West 23.9 24.7 6.2 5.9 17.7 18.9 76.1 75.3
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro 21.8 23.0 5.0 5.2 16.8 17.8 78.2 77.0
Small Metro 24.5 24.5 6.8a 6.0 17.7 18.5 75.5 75.5
Nonmetro 22.7 22.9 5.6 6.1 17.1 16.9 77.3 77.1
Urbanized 24.0 23.8 5.6 6.5 18.4 17.3 76.0 76.2
Less Urbanized 21.5 23.1 5.6 6.1 15.8 17.1 78.5 76.9
Completely Rural 24.2a 17.0 5.8 3.7 18.4 13.4 75.8a 83.0
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% 29.0 29.0 7.6 8.4 21.4 20.6 71.0 71.0
100-199% 25.3 26.2 6.8 6.3 18.5 19.9 74.7 73.8
200% or More 20.6 21.3 4.9 4.7 15.7 16.6 79.4 78.7
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School 21.0 20.5 4.6 3.6 16.4 16.9 79.0 79.5
High School Graduate 21.0 20.9 5.4 4.9 15.6 16.0 79.0 79.1
Some College/Associate’s Degree 26.5 27.6 7.4 7.3 19.1 20.3 73.5 72.4
College Graduate 21.5 22.6 4.7 5.1 16.8 17.6 78.5 77.4
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private 21.1 21.8 4.9 4.7 16.2 17.1 78.9 78.2
Medicaid/CHIP 33.0 31.9 8.8 9.4 24.1 22.5 67.0 68.1
Other3 17.0 17.7 3.5 3.8 13.5 14.0 83.0 82.3
No Coverage 22.0a 24.7 6.7 6.6 15.3a 18.1 78.0a 75.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.9A – Substance Use Disorder or Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 84,489 86,611 15,952 16,020 68,537 70,592 42,229 42,963 26,308 27,629
SEX                    
Male 41,069 42,283 7,467 7,695 33,602 34,587 20,791 21,525 12,811 13,062
Female 43,420 44,329 8,485 8,324 34,935 36,005 21,438 21,438 13,497 14,566
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 70,847 72,492 12,449 12,459 58,398 60,033 34,902 35,483 23,497 24,550
AIAN 454 449 76 76 378 373 231 239 147 133
Asian 3,902 3,891 857 938 3,045 2,953 1,928 1,960 1,117 993
Black or African American 9,491 10,148 1,924 1,934 7,567 8,213 4,968 5,414 2,598 2,799
NHPI * 266 * * * 201 * 108 * *
White 53,871 55,257 8,912 8,826 44,958 46,432 26,330 26,361 18,628 20,071
Two or More Races 2,632 2,481 621 619 2,012 1,862 1,235 1,400 776a 462
Hispanic or Latino 13,642 14,120 3,503 3,561 10,139 10,559 7,327 7,480 2,812 3,078
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 41,209 41,063 6,600 6,609 34,609 34,454 26,253 26,700 8,356 7,754
Part-Time 11,319 12,286 4,175 4,100 7,144a 8,187 4,821 5,053 2,324a 3,133
Unemployed 5,156a 5,972 1,595a 1,908 3,561 4,064 2,717 3,137 844 926
Other1 26,805 27,290 3,583 3,403 23,222 23,888 8,438 8,072 14,784 15,815
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.9B – Substance Use Disorder or Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 32.8 33.0 46.9 45.8 30.7 31.1 40.8 40.6 21.9 22.7
SEX                    
Male 32.8 33.1 43.7 43.8 31.0 31.4 40.4 40.9 22.5 22.7
Female 32.8 32.9 50.0 47.9 30.3 30.7 41.2 40.3 21.4 22.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 33.4 33.8 48.3 47.6 31.3 31.9 42.8 42.9 22.4 23.2
AIAN 41.1 38.9 54.2 49.1 39.2 37.3 54.9 45.3 27.1 28.3
Asian 24.3 22.7 38.7 39.1 22.0 20.1 24.7 24.3 18.6 14.9
Black or African American 30.5 32.0 42.2 42.1 28.4 30.3 36.4 39.0 20.0 21.2
NHPI * 23.0 * * * 19.9 * 19.1 * *
White 34.2 35.0 50.5 49.8 32.1 33.1 46.2 46.0 22.5 24.2
Two or More Races 50.0 45.6 56.8 54.0 48.2 43.3 55.8 56.2 39.6a 25.6
Hispanic or Latino 30.0 29.6 42.4 40.6 27.3 27.1 33.3 32.5 18.5 19.3
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 34.1 33.9 47.7 47.1 32.3 32.1 38.6 38.9 21.4 20.1
Part-Time 35.9 37.9 50.0 46.6 30.8a 34.7 45.5 45.5 18.5b 25.1
Unemployed 45.1 46.3 47.7 52.0 44.0 44.1 47.5 49.9 35.5 31.5
Other1 28.6 28.5 42.1 40.3 27.3 27.3 44.2 40.9 22.4 23.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.10A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 20,440 21,221 4,791 4,650 15,649 16,572 11,331 11,962 4,319 4,610
SEX                    
Male 9,631 10,580 2,108 2,015 7,523a 8,565 5,449b 6,366 2,074 2,199
Female 10,809 10,641 2,682 2,634 8,127 8,007 5,882 5,596 2,245 2,411
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 17,197 17,567 3,772 3,561 13,426 14,006 9,605 9,932 3,820 4,074
AIAN 127 128 21 24 105 104 74 88 31 16
Asian 555 587 185 148 370 438 269 271 101 167
Black or African American 2,415 2,295 538 557 1,877 1,738 1,411 1,289 466 450
NHPI * 23 * 3 * 20 * 16 * *
White 13,216 13,725 2,775 2,615 10,440 11,109 7,389 7,725 3,051 3,384
Two or More Races 701 809 236 213 465 596 395 543 71 53
Hispanic or Latino 3,243 3,655 1,019 1,089 2,224 2,566 1,725 2,030 498 536
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 9,609 9,571 2,071 1,907 7,538 7,665 6,569 6,703 969 962
Part-Time 3,227 3,232 1,436 1,210 1,791 2,022 1,427 1,495 363 526
Unemployed 1,733 1,911 479 593 1,254 1,318 1,018 1,206 236 112
Other1 5,871 6,508 805 940 5,067 5,568 2,317 2,558 2,750 3,010
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.10B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 7.9 8.1 14.1 13.3 7.0 7.3 10.9 11.3 3.6 3.8
SEX                    
Male 7.7 8.3 12.4 11.5 6.9 7.8 10.6a 12.1 3.6 3.8
Female 8.2 7.9 15.8 15.2 7.1 6.8 11.3 10.5 3.6 3.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.1 8.2 14.6 13.6 7.2 7.4 11.8 12.0 3.6 3.9
AIAN 11.5 11.1 15.2 15.5 10.9 10.4 17.7 16.6 5.7 3.4
Asian 3.5 3.4 8.4 6.2 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.4 1.7 2.5
Black or African American 7.8 7.2 11.8 12.1 7.1 6.4 10.3 9.3 3.6 3.4
NHPI * 2.0 * 2.1 * 2.0 * 2.8 * *
White 8.4 8.7 15.7 14.7 7.5 7.9 13.0 13.5 3.7 4.1
Two or More Races 13.3 14.9 21.6 18.6 11.2 13.9 17.8 21.8 3.6 2.9
Hispanic or Latino 7.1 7.7 12.3 12.4 6.0 6.6 7.8 8.8 3.3 3.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 7.9 7.9 15.0 13.6 7.0 7.2 9.7 9.8 2.5 2.5
Part-Time 10.2 10.0 17.2b 13.7 7.7 8.6 13.5 13.5 2.9 4.2
Unemployed 15.1 14.8 14.3 16.2 15.5 14.3 17.8 19.2 9.9a 3.8
Other1 6.3 6.8 9.5 11.1 6.0 6.4 12.1 13.0 4.2 4.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.11A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 20,440 21,221 4,791 4,650 15,649 16,572 11,331 11,962 4,319 4,610
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 3,851 3,525 903 794 2,948 2,731 1,930 1,861 1,018 870
Midwest 4,227 4,490 1,080 977 3,147 3,512 2,338 2,589 809 923
South 7,384 7,674 1,586 1,621 5,798 6,052 4,155 4,344 1,642 1,708
West 4,979 5,533 1,222 1,257 3,757 4,276 2,907 3,167 850 1,109
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 10,807 11,910 2,375 2,468 8,432 9,442 6,412 6,898 2,020 2,544
Small Metro 7,086 6,785 1,882 1,635 5,204 5,149 3,572 3,759 1,632 1,390
Nonmetro 2,547 2,527 533 547 2,014 1,980 1,347 1,304 667 676
Urbanized 1,083 1,110 263 285 820 825 598 518 222 306
Less Urbanized 1,286 1,325 248 242 1,039 1,084 654 725 385 359
Completely Rural 177 92 22 20 155 72 95 61 60 11
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 4,376 4,951 1,069 1,117 3,307 3,834 1,955a 2,353 1,352 1,480
100-199% 4,343 4,531 1,197 1,166 3,146 3,364 2,267 2,393 879 971
200% or More 11,715 11,720 2,519 2,346 9,196 9,374 7,108 7,215 2,088 2,159
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 1,876 1,687 422 445 1,454 1,242 794 805 660 437
High School Graduate 5,458 5,706 1,523 1,505 3,935 4,200 2,426 2,856 1,508 1,345
Some College/Associate’s Degree 7,441 7,859 2,134 1,942 5,307 5,917 4,125 4,285 1,183 1,632
College Graduate 5,665 5,969 712 757 4,953 5,212 3,985 4,016 968 1,196
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 10,540 11,184 2,763 2,555 7,777 8,629 5,997 6,597 1,780 2,032
Medicaid/CHIP 6,552 6,292 1,436 1,285 5,115 5,006 3,463 3,362 1,653 1,644
Other3 3,903 3,708 390 380 3,513 3,329 1,202 1,104 2,311 2,225
No Coverage 2,129 2,528 461a 628 1,668 1,900 1,449 1,696 219 204
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.11B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 7.9 8.1 14.1 13.3 7.0 7.3 10.9 11.3 3.6 3.8
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 8.6 7.7 15.7 13.4 7.5 6.9 11.1 10.5 4.7 4.0
Midwest 8.0 8.4 15.1 13.4 6.9 7.6 11.3 12.3 3.2 3.7
South 7.5 7.6 12.1 12.0 6.8 6.9 10.4 10.6 3.6 3.6
West 8.2 8.9 15.2 15.3 7.1 8.0 11.3 12.1 3.1 4.0
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 7.6 8.1 13.0 13.2 6.8 7.4 10.6 11.1 3.2 3.9
Small Metro 8.8 8.1 16.5a 13.7 7.5 7.2 11.6 11.5 4.2 3.5
Nonmetro 7.4 8.0 12.5 12.5 6.7 7.3 11.3 11.8 3.7 4.2
Urbanized 7.8 8.5 14.0 13.1 6.8 7.5 11.8 11.6 3.2 4.7
Less Urbanized 7.4 8.3 11.9 12.7 6.7 7.7 11.3 12.5 4.0 4.4
Completely Rural 6.3 3.6 7.5 7.1 6.2 3.2 9.4 8.3 4.0 0.7
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 11.1 12.1 12.7 13.4 10.7 11.8 12.1 13.8 9.1 9.5
100-199% 8.9 9.0 15.2 13.7 7.7 8.0 12.5 12.7 3.8 4.2
200% or More 6.9 6.9 14.2 13.1 6.1 6.1 10.3 10.3 2.5 2.6
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 7.7 7.0 11.8 12.6 7.0 6.1 9.9 10.3 5.1 3.5
High School Graduate 7.9 8.1 13.2 12.4 6.8 7.2 10.3 11.9 4.4 3.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree 9.7 10.1 16.2 14.7 8.3 9.2 13.8 14.3 3.5 4.7
College Graduate 6.5 6.6 12.4 12.7 6.1 6.2 9.5 9.1 2.5 3.0
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 6.7 6.9 14.5 13.0 5.6 6.1 9.2 9.7 2.5 2.8
Medicaid/CHIP 13.2 13.0 15.1 14.3 12.7 12.7 15.4 15.6 9.3 9.1
Other3 5.1 4.8 13.8 13.6 4.7 4.4 14.8 12.7 3.5 3.4
No Coverage 9.4 10.5 10.3 12.5 9.2 10.0 11.3 12.4 4.2 3.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.12A – Substance Use Disorder or Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 54,063 54,044 10,919 10,642 43,145 43,402 27,435 27,552 15,709 15,850
SEX                    
Male 29,476 30,015 5,380 5,420 24,097 24,594 15,039 15,874 9,058 8,720
Female 24,587 24,030 5,539 5,222 19,048 18,808 12,396 11,678 6,651 7,130
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 45,224 45,086 8,463 8,209 36,761 36,877 22,741 22,790 14,020 14,087
AIAN 344 295 * 55 276 240 169 175 107 65
Asian 1,892 2,017 499 496 1,393 1,521 964 976 428 545
Black or African American 6,377 6,601 1,375 1,320 5,003 5,281 3,615 3,709 1,387 1,571
NHPI * 187 * * * 152 * 77 * *
White 34,478 34,266 6,031 5,848 28,447 28,417 16,976 16,862 11,471 11,555
Two or More Races 1,795 1,721 452 456 1,342 1,265 888 990 454 275
Hispanic or Latino 8,840 8,958 2,456 2,433 6,384 6,525 4,695 4,762 1,689 1,763
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 27,510 26,290 4,711 4,675 22,799 21,615 17,265 16,995 5,534 4,620
Part-Time 7,422 7,391 2,880 2,613 4,542 4,778 3,041 3,088 1,501 1,690
Unemployed 3,692 4,159 1,146 1,263 2,546 2,895 1,989 2,325 556 571
Other1 15,440 16,205 2,182 2,091 13,258 14,114 5,141 5,145 8,117 8,969
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.12B – Substance Use Disorder or Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 21.0 20.6 32.1 30.5 19.3 19.1 26.5 26.0 13.1 13.0
SEX                    
Male 23.5 23.5 31.5 30.9 22.3 22.3 29.2 30.2 15.9 15.2
Female 18.6 17.9 32.7a 30.0 16.5 16.1 23.8a 22.0 10.5 11.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 21.3 21.0 32.8 31.4 19.7 19.6 27.9 27.5 13.4 13.3
AIAN 31.1 25.5 * 35.2 28.7 24.0 40.1 33.2 19.8 13.7
Asian 11.8 11.8 22.6 20.7 10.1 10.3 12.4 12.1 7.1 8.2
Black or African American 20.5 20.8 30.1 28.7 18.8 19.5 26.5 26.7 10.7 11.9
NHPI * 16.1 * * * 15.1 * 13.7 * *
White 21.9 21.7 34.2 33.0 20.3 20.3 29.8 29.5 13.8 13.9
Two or More Races 34.1 31.6 41.4 39.8 32.2 29.4 40.1 39.7 23.2 15.3
Hispanic or Latino 19.5 18.8 29.7 27.7 17.2 16.7 21.3 20.7 11.1 11.1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 22.7 21.7 34.1 33.3 21.3 20.2 25.4 24.7 14.2 12.0
Part-Time 23.5 22.8 34.5b 29.7 19.6 20.2 28.7 27.8 11.9 13.5
Unemployed 32.3 32.3 34.3 34.4 31.4 31.4 34.8 37.0 23.4 19.4
Other1 16.5 16.9 25.6 24.8 15.6 16.2 26.9 26.1 12.3 13.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.13A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 6,809 6,882 1,828 1,696 4,981 5,186 4,062 3,848 919 1,338
SEX                    
Male 2,838 3,256 697 677 2,141 2,579 1,726 1,903 415 676
Female 3,972 3,626 1,131 1,019 2,841 2,607 2,337a 1,944 504 662
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 5,651 5,881 1,456 1,387 4,194 4,493 3,333 3,232 862 1,261
AIAN 14 29 8 * 6 12 5 12 1 *
Asian 124 199 28 54 96 145 46 81 * 64
Black or African American 638 657 188 181 450 476 332 372 118 104
NHPI * <1 * <1 * * * * * *
White 4,490 4,644 1,107 1,017 3,383 3,627 2,724 2,572 659 1,055
Two or More Races 344 351 117 118 227 233 194 195 33 *
Hispanic or Latino 1,158 1,001 372 309 787 692 730 615 57 77
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 3,224 2,748 806 747 2,417 2,001 2,136 1,808 281 193
Part-Time 1,147 1,154 576b 370 571 784 503 619 68 165
Unemployed 657 618 189 157 468 461 434 434 * 27
Other1 1,782a 2,362 257b 422 1,525 1,940 990 988 535 952
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.13B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 2.6 2.6 5.4 4.9 2.2 2.3 3.9 3.6 0.8 1.1
SEX                    
Male 2.3 2.5 4.1 3.9 2.0 2.3 3.4 3.6 0.7 1.2
Female 3.0 2.7 6.7 5.9 2.5 2.2 4.5a 3.7 0.8 1.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 2.7 2.7 5.6 5.3 2.3 2.4 4.1 3.9 0.8 1.2
AIAN 1.3 2.5 5.8 * 0.6 1.2 1.2 2.3 0.2 *
Asian 0.8 1.2 1.3 2.2 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.0 * 1.0
Black or African American 2.0 2.1 4.1 3.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.7 0.9 0.8
NHPI * <0.1 * 0.2 * * * * * *
White 2.9 2.9 6.3 5.7 2.4 2.6 4.8 4.5 0.8 1.3
Two or More Races 6.5 6.4 10.7 10.3 5.4 5.4 8.8 7.8 1.7 *
Hispanic or Latino 2.5 2.1 4.5 3.5 2.1 1.8 3.3 2.7 0.4 0.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 2.7a 2.3 5.8 5.3 2.3 1.9 3.1 2.6 0.7 0.5
Part-Time 3.6 3.6 6.9b 4.2 2.5 3.3 4.7 5.6 0.5 1.3
Unemployed 5.7 4.8 5.6 4.3 5.8 5.0 7.6 6.9 * 0.9
Other1 1.9a 2.5 3.0b 5.0 1.8 2.2 5.2 5.0 0.8 1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.14A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 6,809 6,882 1,828 1,696 4,981 5,186 4,062 3,848 919 1,338
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 1,163 1,241 333 245 830 997 672 605 159 392
Midwest 1,411 1,603 420 415 991 1,188 827 897 163 291
South 2,658 2,362 666 611 1,992 1,751 1,616 1,438 376 313
West 1,577 1,675 409 425 1,168 1,250 948 908 220 342
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 3,281 3,543 836 908 2,445 2,636 2,095 2,034 350 601
Small Metro 2,600 2,380 743 583 1,857 1,796 1,398 1,281 459 515
Nonmetro 928 959 249 205 679 753 569 532 110 221
Urbanized 390 468 115 101 275 366 228 221 47 145
Less Urbanized 467 464 123 100 344 363 290 295 54 69
Completely Rural 71 27 12 3 59 24 51 16 8 7
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 1,496a 2,036 408 385 1,088a 1,651 813 896 275a 755
100-199% 1,453 1,556 430 449 1,023 1,107 829 891 194 215
200% or More 3,859a 3,284 989 856 2,870 2,428 2,420 2,061 450 368
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 555 471 148 187 407 284 322 220 85 64
High School Graduate 1,890 2,010 608 563 1,282 1,446 917 958 365 488
Some College/Associate’s Degree 2,754 2,667 829 730 1,925 1,937 1,678 1,439 247 499
College Graduate 1,610 1,734 243 216 1,367 1,518 1,145 1,231 222 287
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 3,411 3,147 1,089 911 2,322 2,236 1,924 1,809 398 427
Medicaid/CHIP 2,094 2,440 479 435 1,615 2,005 1,369 1,252 246b 753
Other3 1,081 1,198 173 170 907 1,028 505 509 403 519
No Coverage 873 914 206 255 667 660 553 593 114 67
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.14B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 2.6 2.6 5.4 4.9 2.2 2.3 3.9 3.6 0.8 1.1
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 2.6 2.7 5.8 4.1 2.1 2.5 3.9 3.4 0.7 1.8
Midwest 2.7 3.0 5.9 5.7 2.2 2.6 4.0 4.3 0.7 1.2
South 2.7 2.3 5.1 4.5 2.3 2.0 4.1 3.5 0.8 0.7
West 2.6 2.7 5.1 5.2 2.2 2.3 3.7 3.5 0.8 1.2
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 2.3 2.4 4.6 4.9 2.0 2.1 3.4 3.3 0.6 0.9
Small Metro 3.2 2.8 6.5a 4.9 2.7 2.5 4.5 3.9 1.2 1.3
Nonmetro 2.7 3.0 5.8 4.7 2.3 2.8 4.8 4.8 0.6 1.4
Urbanized 2.8 3.6 6.1 4.7 2.3 3.3 4.5 4.9 0.7 2.2
Less Urbanized 2.7 2.9 5.9 5.3 2.2 2.6 5.0 5.1 0.6 0.8
Completely Rural 2.5 1.1 4.0 1.1 2.4 1.0 5.1 2.2 0.6 0.5
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 3.8a 5.0 4.9 4.6 3.5a 5.1 5.0 5.3 1.8a 4.9
100-199% 3.0 3.1 5.5 5.3 2.5 2.6 4.6 4.7 0.8 0.9
200% or More 2.3a 1.9 5.6 4.8 1.9 1.6 3.5 2.9 0.5 0.4
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 2.3 2.0 4.1 5.3 1.9 1.4 4.0 2.8 0.7 0.5
High School Graduate 2.7 2.9 5.3 4.6 2.2 2.5 3.9 4.0 1.1 1.4
Some College/Associate’s Degree 3.6 3.4 6.3 5.5 3.0 3.0 5.6 4.8 0.7 1.4
College Graduate 1.9 1.9 4.2 3.6 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.8 0.6 0.7
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 2.2 2.0 5.7a 4.6 1.7 1.6 2.9 2.7 0.5 0.6
Medicaid/CHIP 4.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.0 5.1 6.1 5.8 1.4b 4.2
Other3 1.4 1.5 6.1 6.1 1.2 1.4 6.2 5.9 0.6 0.8
No Coverage 3.9 3.8 4.6 5.1 3.7 3.5 4.3 4.3 2.2 1.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.15A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 13,631 14,340 2,963 2,953 10,668 11,386 7,268a 8,114 3,400 3,272
SEX                    
Male 6,793 7,324 1,411 1,338 5,382 5,986 3,723a 4,462 1,659 1,524
Female 6,838 7,015 1,551 1,615 5,286 5,400 3,545 3,652 1,741 1,748
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 11,546 11,686 2,315 2,174 9,231 9,512 6,273 6,699 2,959 2,813
AIAN 113 99 * 7 99 92 69 76 30 16
Asian 432 388 157 94 274 293 224 190 51 103
Black or African American 1,777 1,638 350 376 1,428 1,262 1,080 917 348 346
NHPI * 23 * 3 * 20 * 16 * *
White 8,725 9,080 1,668 1,598 7,057 7,482 4,665 5,153 2,392 2,329
Two or More Races 358 458 119 95 239 363 201a 348 37 14
Hispanic or Latino 2,084a 2,653 647 779 1,437 1,874 996a 1,415 441 459
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 6,386 6,823 1,265 1,160 5,121 5,664 4,433 4,895 688 768
Part-Time 2,079 2,078 860 840 1,219 1,238 924 877 295 361
Unemployed 1,076 1,293 290a 436 786 857 584 772 202 85
Other1 4,089 4,145 547 517 3,542 3,628 1,327 1,570 2,215 2,058
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.15B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 5.3 5.5 8.7 8.5 4.8 5.0 7.0 7.7 2.8 2.7
SEX                    
Male 5.4 5.7 8.3 7.6 5.0 5.4 7.2a 8.5 2.9 2.6
Female 5.2 5.2 9.1 9.3 4.6 4.6 6.8 6.9 2.8 2.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 5.4 5.4 9.0 8.3 5.0 5.0 7.7 8.1 2.8 2.7
AIAN 10.2 8.6 * 4.7 10.3 9.2 16.5 14.3 5.5 3.4
Asian 2.7 2.3 7.1 3.9 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.3 0.8 1.6
Black or African American 5.7 5.2 7.7 8.2 5.4 4.7 7.9 6.6 2.7 2.6
NHPI * 2.0 * 1.9 * 2.0 * 2.8 * *
White 5.5 5.7 9.5 9.0 5.0 5.3 8.2 9.0 2.9 2.8
Two or More Races 6.8 8.4 10.9 8.3 5.7 8.4 9.1 14.0 1.9 0.8
Hispanic or Latino 4.6 5.6 7.8 8.9 3.9 4.8 4.5a 6.1 2.9 2.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 5.3 5.6 9.1 8.3 4.8 5.3 6.5 7.1 1.8 2.0
Part-Time 6.6 6.4 10.3 9.5 5.3 5.2 8.7 7.9 2.3 2.9
Unemployed 9.4 10.0 8.7 11.9 9.7 9.3 10.2 12.3 8.5a 2.9
Other1 4.4 4.3 6.4 6.1 4.2 4.2 6.9 8.0 3.4 3.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.16A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 13,631 14,340 2,963 2,953 10,668 11,386 7,268a 8,114 3,400 3,272
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 2,688 2,283 571 549 2,117 1,734 1,258 1,256 859a 478
Midwest 2,816 2,887 659 562 2,157 2,324 1,511 1,692 646 632
South 4,726 5,312 920 1,010 3,806 4,301 2,539 2,907 1,266 1,395
West 3,401 3,858 812 832 2,589 3,026 1,960 2,259 629 767
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 7,526 8,366 1,540 1,560 5,986 6,806 4,316 4,864 1,670 1,942
Small Metro 4,486 4,405 1,139 1,052 3,347 3,353 2,174 2,478 1,172 875
Nonmetro 1,619 1,568 284 342 1,335 1,227 778 772 558 455
Urbanized 693 642 149 184 545 458 370 297 175 161
Less Urbanized 820 861 125 141 694 720 364 430 331 290
Completely Rural 106 65 * 17 96 48 44 45 52 4
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 2,880 2,915 661 732 2,219 2,183 1,142a 1,457 1,077 726
100-199% 2,890 2,975 767 717 2,123 2,258 1,438 1,502 685 755
200% or More 7,856 8,436 1,530 1,490 6,326 6,945 4,688 5,154 1,638 1,791
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 1,322 1,217 274 258 1,048 958 473 585 575 373
High School Graduate 3,568 3,696 915 942 2,653 2,754 1,510a 1,897 1,143 857
Some College/Associate’s Degree 4,687 5,192 1,305 1,212 3,382 3,980 2,446 2,846 936 1,134
College Graduate 4,055 4,235 469 541 3,585 3,694 2,840 2,785 746 909
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 7,129a 8,037 1,674 1,643 5,455a 6,393 4,073a 4,788 1,382 1,605
Medicaid/CHIP 4,457 3,851 957 850 3,500 3,001 2,094 2,110 1,407a 892
Other3 2,823 2,510 217 210 2,606 2,301 697 595 1,908 1,706
No Coverage 1,256a 1,614 255a 374 1,001 1,240 896 1,103 105 137
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.16B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 5.3 5.5 8.7 8.5 4.8 5.0 7.0 7.7 2.8 2.7
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 6.0 5.0 9.9 9.3 5.4 4.4 7.2 7.1 3.9a 2.2
Midwest 5.3 5.4 9.2 7.7 4.7 5.0 7.3 8.1 2.6 2.5
South 4.8 5.2 7.0 7.5 4.4 4.9 6.4 7.1 2.8 3.0
West 5.6 6.2 10.1 10.1 4.9 5.6 7.6 8.6 2.3 2.8
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 5.3 5.7 8.4 8.4 4.8 5.3 7.1 7.8 2.6 2.9
Small Metro 5.6 5.3 10.0 8.8 4.8 4.7 7.0 7.6 3.1 2.2
Nonmetro 4.7 5.0 6.7 7.8 4.5 4.5 6.5 7.0 3.1 2.8
Urbanized 5.0 4.9 7.9 8.4 4.5 4.2 7.3 6.6 2.5 2.5
Less Urbanized 4.7 5.4 6.0 7.4 4.5 5.1 6.3 7.4 3.4 3.5
Completely Rural 3.8 2.5 * 6.0 3.8 2.1 4.4 6.1 3.4 0.3
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 7.3 7.1 7.9 8.7 7.1 6.7 7.1 8.6 7.2 4.7
100-199% 5.9 5.9 9.7 8.4 5.2 5.4 7.9 8.0 3.0 3.3
200% or More 4.6 4.9 8.6 8.3 4.2 4.5 6.8 7.4 2.0 2.2
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 5.4 5.1 7.7 7.3 5.0 4.7 5.9 7.5 4.5 2.9
High School Graduate 5.1 5.3 7.9 7.7 4.6 4.7 6.4a 7.9 3.3 2.5
Some College/Associate’s Degree 6.1 6.7 9.9 9.1 5.3 6.2 8.2 9.5 2.7 3.3
College Graduate 4.7 4.7 8.2 9.0 4.4 4.4 6.7 6.3 1.9 2.3
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 4.5 5.0 8.8 8.3 4.0a 4.5 6.2a 7.1 1.9 2.2
Medicaid/CHIP 8.9 7.9 10.0 9.5 8.7 7.6 9.3 9.8 7.9a 4.9
Other3 3.7 3.2 7.7 7.5 3.5 3.1 8.6 6.9 2.9 2.6
No Coverage 5.6 6.7 5.7 7.4 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 2.0 2.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.17A – Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Severity Level for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Use Disorder Severity Level Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 257,542 262,291 58,657 61,506 14,601 14,599 44,056a 46,907 198,885 200,785
Substance Use Disorder 46,272 46,327 20,440 21,221 6,809 6,882 13,631 14,340 25,832 25,106
Mild SUD 25,851 26,008 9,168 9,472 2,613 2,635 6,555 6,837 16,683 16,536
Moderate SUD 10,534 10,535 5,099 5,293 1,586 1,681 3,513 3,612 5,435 5,242
Severe SUD 9,887 9,784 6,173 6,457 2,610 2,566 3,563 3,890 3,715 3,328
No SUD 211,270b 215,964 38,217 40,284 7,791 7,717 30,426a 32,567 173,053 175,679
Drug Use Disorder 25,373 26,480 13,565 14,546 4,935 5,268 8,630 9,278 11,808 11,933
Mild SUD 14,219 14,678 6,560 6,759 2,176 2,140 4,383 4,620 7,659 7,919
Moderate SUD 5,863 6,461 3,416 3,801 1,183 1,367 2,233 2,434 2,447 2,660
Severe SUD 5,291 5,341 3,589 3,986 1,575 1,761 2,014 2,225 1,702 1,354
No SUD 232,169b 235,811 45,092 46,959 9,666 9,331 35,426a 37,628 187,077 188,852
Marijuana Use Disorder 17,941a 19,366 9,421 10,251 3,563 3,647 5,858 6,604 8,521 9,116
Mild SUD 10,079 10,751 4,476 4,648 1,584 1,486 2,892 3,162 5,603 6,103
Moderate SUD 4,804 5,379 2,864 3,203 1,003 1,174 1,860 2,028 1,940 2,176
Severe SUD 3,058 3,237 2,081 2,400 976 987 1,105a 1,413 977 837
No SUD 239,601b 242,925 49,236 51,255 11,037 10,952 38,199 40,303 190,365 191,670
Opioid Use Disorder2 4,813 4,555 2,678 2,840 839 1,153 1,839 1,687 2,135 1,715
Mild SUD 3,072 2,942 1,588 1,617 412 666 1,176 951 1,484 1,325
Moderate SUD 723 710 369 449 156 122 213 327 354 261
Severe SUD 1,018 904 721 774 272 365 450 410 297 129
No SUD 252,729b 257,736 55,979 58,665 13,762 13,446 42,217a 45,219 196,750 199,070
Alcohol Use Disorder 28,103 27,138 11,073 11,156 3,644 3,272 7,430 7,883 17,030 15,982
Mild SUD 16,437 16,162 5,239 5,382 1,460 1,429 3,780 3,953 11,198 10,780
Moderate SUD 6,187 5,755 2,662 2,678 800 743 1,862 1,934 3,525 3,078
Severe SUD 5,479 5,221 3,172 3,096 1,384 1,100 1,788 1,996 2,307 2,125
No SUD 229,439b 235,153 47,584a 50,350 10,957 11,327 36,627a 39,023 181,856 184,803
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.17B – Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Severity Level for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Use Disorder Severity Level Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Substance Use Disorder 18.0 17.7 34.8 34.5 46.6 47.1 30.9 30.6 13.0 12.5
Mild SUD 10.0 9.9 15.6 15.4 17.9 18.0 14.9 14.6 8.4 8.2
Moderate SUD 4.1 4.0 8.7 8.6 10.9 11.5 8.0 7.7 2.7 2.6
Severe SUD 3.8 3.7 10.5 10.5 17.9 17.6 8.1 8.3 1.9 1.7
No SUD 82.0 82.3 65.2 65.5 53.4 52.9 69.1 69.4 87.0 87.5
Drug Use Disorder 9.9 10.1 23.1 23.7 33.8 36.1 19.6 19.8 5.9 5.9
Mild SUD 5.5 5.6 11.2 11.0 14.9 14.7 9.9 9.8 3.9 3.9
Moderate SUD 2.3 2.5 5.8 6.2 8.1 9.4 5.1 5.2 1.2 1.3
Severe SUD 2.1 2.0 6.1 6.5 10.8 12.1 4.6 4.7 0.9 0.7
No SUD 90.1 89.9 76.9 76.3 66.2 63.9 80.4 80.2 94.1 94.1
Marijuana Use Disorder 7.0 7.4 16.1 16.7 24.4 25.0 13.3 14.1 4.3 4.5
Mild SUD 3.9 4.1 7.6 7.6 10.8 10.2 6.6 6.7 2.8 3.0
Moderate SUD 1.9 2.1 4.9 5.2 6.9 8.0 4.2 4.3 1.0 1.1
Severe SUD 1.2 1.2 3.5 3.9 6.7 6.8 2.5 3.0 0.5 0.4
No SUD 93.0 92.6 83.9 83.3 75.6 75.0 86.7 85.9 95.7 95.5
Opioid Use Disorder2 1.9 1.7 4.6 4.6 5.7 7.9 4.2 3.6 1.1 0.9
Mild SUD 1.2 1.1 2.7 2.6 2.8 4.6 2.7 2.0 0.7 0.7
Moderate SUD 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.1
Severe SUD 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.3 1.9 2.5 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.1
No SUD 98.1 98.3 95.4 95.4 94.3 92.1 95.8 96.4 98.9 99.1
Alcohol Use Disorder 10.9 10.3 18.9 18.1 25.0 22.4 16.9 16.8 8.6 8.0
Mild SUD 6.4 6.2 8.9 8.8 10.0 9.8 8.6 8.4 5.6 5.4
Moderate SUD 2.4 2.2 4.5 4.4 5.5 5.1 4.2 4.1 1.8 1.5
Severe SUD 2.1 2.0 5.4 5.0 9.5 7.5 4.1 4.3 1.2 1.1
No SUD 89.1 89.7 81.1 81.9 75.0 77.6 83.1 83.2 91.4 92.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.18A – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 58,657a 61,506 1,450 1,367 56,240a 59,283 14,601 14,599 421 445 14,116 14,006
AGE GROUP                        
18-49 41,778 43,069 1,120 994 40,137 41,530 11,721 11,213 385 308 11,286 10,770
18-25 11,515 11,613 212 236 11,189 11,237 3,519 3,282 60 54 3,454 3,200
26-34 14,272 14,181 369 257 13,750 13,784 4,266 3,883 138 101 4,105 3,723
35-49 15,992b 17,275 540 501 15,198a 16,508 3,937 4,048 187 153 3,727 3,846
SEX/AGE GROUP                        
Male 18 or Older 23,817a 25,608 907 881 22,544a 24,340 5,431 6,016 259 258 5,140 5,671
Male 18-49 17,356a 18,398 693 629 16,435 17,486 4,382 4,672 242 158 4,119 4,437
Female 18 or Older 34,840 35,897 543 486 33,695 34,943 9,170 8,583 161 187 8,976 8,335
Female 18-49 24,422 24,670 427 365 23,702 24,044 7,339a 6,540 143 149 7,166a 6,333
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.18B – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 22.8 23.4 44.4 43.5 22.4 23.1 5.7 5.6 12.9 14.2 5.6 5.5
AGE GROUP                        
18-49 30.4 30.6 43.2 41.7 30.0 30.4 8.5 8.0 14.8 12.9 8.4 7.9
18-25 33.8 33.2 40.6 45.1 33.7 33.0 10.3 9.4 11.5 10.2 10.4 9.4
26-34 35.5 34.6 42.3 34.7 35.3 34.6 10.6 9.5 15.9 13.6 10.5 9.4
35-49 25.3 26.6 44.9 44.8 24.8 26.2 6.2 6.2 15.6 13.7 6.1 6.1
SEX/AGE GROUP                        
Male 18 or Older 19.0 20.0 39.1 38.7 18.5 19.6 4.3 4.7 11.2 11.3 4.2 4.6
Male 18-49 25.3 26.2 37.6 36.7 24.9 25.9 6.4 6.7 13.2 9.2 6.2 6.6
Female 18 or Older 26.4 26.7 57.5 56.4 26.0 26.4 6.9 6.4 17.1 21.8 6.9a 6.3
Female 18-49 35.4 35.0 56.8 54.4 35.1 34.7 10.6b 9.3 19.0 22.3 10.6b 9.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.19A – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 58,657a 61,506 521 689 57,195 59,989 14,601 14,599 177 128 14,360 14,336
AGE GROUP                        
18-49 41,778 43,069 393 458 40,887 42,090 11,721 11,213 146 72 11,525 11,018
18-25 11,515 11,613 * * 11,297 11,383 3,519 3,282 31 10 3,483 3,248
26-34 14,272 14,181 * 103 14,014 13,938 4,266 3,883 * 21 4,177 3,803
35-49 15,992b 17,275 164 262 15,575a 16,769 3,937 4,048 50 41 3,864 3,966
SEX/AGE GROUP                        
Male 18 or Older 23,817a 25,608 358 465 23,116 24,763 5,431 6,016 125 69 5,274 5,867
Male 18-49 17,356a 18,398 266 328 16,881 17,793 4,382 4,672 108 42 4,253 4,561
Female 18 or Older 34,840 35,897 * * 34,079 35,226 9,170 8,583 * * 9,086 8,469
Female 18-49 24,422 24,670 * * 24,007 24,296 7,339a 6,540 * 29 7,271a 6,457
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.19B – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 22.8 23.4 34.7 42.8 22.6 23.3 5.7 5.6 11.7 7.9 5.7 5.6
AGE GROUP                        
18-49 30.4 30.6 34.8 39.3 30.3 30.5 8.5 8.0 13.0a 6.2 8.5 8.0
18-25 33.8 33.2 * * 33.7 33.1 10.3 9.4 13.7 5.9 10.4 9.4
26-34 35.5 34.6 * 29.0 35.4 34.7 10.6 9.5 * 5.8 10.6 9.5
35-49 25.3 26.6 28.5 41.2 25.1 26.4 6.2 6.2 8.7 6.4 6.2 6.3
SEX/AGE GROUP                        
Male 18 or Older 19.0 20.0 31.1 37.2 18.8 19.8 4.3 4.7 10.9 5.5 4.3 4.7
Male 18-49 25.3 26.2 31.2 36.1 25.2 26.0 6.4 6.7 12.7a 4.7 6.3 6.7
Female 18 or Older 26.4 26.7 * * 26.2 26.5 6.9 6.4 * * 7.0a 6.4
Female 18-49 35.4 35.0 * * 35.3 34.9 10.6b 9.3 * 11.5 10.7b 9.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.20A – Types and Locations of Mental Health Treatment and Other Services in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Type/Location of Treatment or Other Services Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT OR OTHER SERVICES1 -- 62,566 -- 9,399 -- 53,167 -- 28,959 -- 24,208
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT -- 60,072 -- 8,975 -- 51,097 -- 27,882 -- 23,214
Inpatient -- 3,342 -- 677 -- 2,665 -- 1,508 -- 1,157
Hospital -- 2,235 -- 546 -- 1,689 -- 1,024 -- 665
Residential Mental Health Treatment Center -- 1,597 -- 321 -- 1,276 -- 675 -- 601
Residential Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center -- 908 -- 149 -- 759 -- 515 -- 244
Some Other Place as an Inpatient -- 589 -- 164 -- 425 -- 209 -- 216
Outpatient -- 35,007 -- 5,802 -- 29,205 -- 16,917 -- 12,288
Mental Health Treatment Center -- 7,722 -- 1,253 -- 6,469 -- 3,377 -- 3,092
Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center -- 1,722 -- 173 -- 1,549 -- 973 -- 576
Office of a Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, or Mental Health Professional -- 25,848 -- 4,575 -- 21,273 -- 12,983 -- 8,289
General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office -- 15,474 -- 2,177 -- 13,297 -- 7,470 -- 5,827
Hospital -- 2,977 -- 509 -- 2,468 -- 1,178 -- 1,291
School’s Health or Counseling Center -- 2,001 -- 1,261 -- 740 -- 589 -- 151
Some Other Place as an Outpatient -- 1,654 -- 301 -- 1,353 -- 638 -- 716
Outpatient, Other Than General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office -- 29,478 -- 5,352 -- 24,126 -- 14,430 -- 9,695
Prescription Medication 41,920 43,824 5,891 6,083 36,029 37,741 19,148 19,879 16,880 17,862
Telehealth Treatment2 31,274a 33,442 5,773 5,620 25,501b 27,823 16,698 17,288 8,803b 10,535
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 2,545 2,913 264 305 2,281 2,609 1,029 1,266 1,251 1,343
OTHER SERVICES                    
Support Services                    
Support Group 8,802 9,515 1,348 1,372 7,454 8,143 4,381 4,436 3,073 3,707
Peer Support Specialist or Recovery Coach 3,749 4,117 562 578 3,187 3,539 1,852 1,998 1,335 1,541
Emergency Room/Department 2,542a 3,142 651 704 1,891a 2,438 994b 1,495 897 943
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment or other services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other services include treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through support group services; peer support specialist or recovery coach services; or treatment received in an emergency room/department.
2 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.20B – Types and Locations of Mental Health Treatment and Other Services in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Type/Location of Treatment or Other Services Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT OR OTHER SERVICES1 -- 23.9 -- 26.9 -- 23.4 -- 27.4 -- 19.9
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT -- 22.9 -- 25.7 -- 22.5 -- 26.4 -- 19.1
Inpatient -- 1.3 -- 1.9 -- 1.2 -- 1.4 -- 1.0
Hospital -- 0.9 -- 1.6 -- 0.7 -- 1.0 -- 0.5
Residential Mental Health Treatment Center -- 0.6 -- 0.9 -- 0.6 -- 0.6 -- 0.5
Residential Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center -- 0.3 -- 0.4 -- 0.3 -- 0.5 -- 0.2
Some Other Place as an Inpatient -- 0.2 -- 0.5 -- 0.2 -- 0.2 -- 0.2
Outpatient -- 13.3 -- 16.6 -- 12.8 -- 16.0 -- 10.1
Mental Health Treatment Center -- 2.9 -- 3.6 -- 2.8 -- 3.2 -- 2.5
Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center -- 0.7 -- 0.5 -- 0.7 -- 0.9 -- 0.5
Office of a Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, or Mental Health Professional -- 9.9 -- 13.1 -- 9.4 -- 12.3 -- 6.8
General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office -- 5.9 -- 6.2 -- 5.8 -- 7.1 -- 4.8
Hospital -- 1.1 -- 1.5 -- 1.1 -- 1.1 -- 1.1
School’s Health or Counseling Center -- 0.8 -- 3.6 -- 0.3 -- 0.6 -- 0.1
Some Other Place as an Outpatient -- 0.6 -- 0.9 -- 0.6 -- 0.6 -- 0.6
Outpatient, Other Than General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office -- 11.2 -- 15.3 -- 10.6 -- 13.6 -- 8.0
Prescription Medication 16.3 16.7 17.3 17.4 16.1 16.6 18.5 18.8 14.1 14.7
Telehealth Treatment2 12.1 12.8 17.0 16.1 11.4a 12.2 16.1 16.3 7.3b 8.7
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1
OTHER SERVICES                    
Support Services                    
Support Group 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.2 2.6 3.0
Peer Support Specialist or Recovery Coach 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.1 1.3
Emergency Room/Department 1.0a 1.2 1.9 2.0 0.8a 1.1 1.0b 1.4 0.7 0.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment or other services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other services include treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through support group services; peer support specialist or recovery coach services; or treatment received in an emergency room/department.
2 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.21A – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 60,072 -- 32,047 -- 10,330 -- 21,717 -- 28,025
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 8,975 -- 5,800 -- 2,339 -- 3,461 -- 3,176
26 or Older -- 51,097 -- 26,247 -- 7,991 -- 18,257 -- 24,850
26-49 -- 27,882 -- 16,662 -- 5,473 -- 11,189 -- 11,220
50 or Older -- 23,214 -- 9,585 -- 2,518 -- 7,067 -- 13,629
SEX                    
Male -- 22,159 -- 10,786 -- 3,788 -- 6,998 -- 11,373
Female -- 37,913 -- 21,261 -- 6,542 -- 14,719 -- 16,652
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 52,225 -- 27,690 -- 9,038 -- 18,653 -- 24,534
AIAN -- 220 -- * -- * -- * -- 69
Asian -- 2,140 -- 948 -- * -- 598 -- 1,192
Black or African American -- 4,657 -- 2,554 -- 912 -- 1,643 -- 2,103
NHPI -- 107 -- * -- * -- * -- 77
White -- 43,406 -- 23,002 -- 7,247 -- 15,755 -- 20,404
Two or More Races -- 1,694 -- 1,006 -- 500 -- 505 -- 689
Hispanic or Latino -- 7,848 -- 4,356 -- 1,292 -- 3,064 -- 3,491
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 27,161 -- 14,128 -- 4,412 -- 9,716 -- 13,032
Part-Time -- 8,734 -- 5,086 -- 1,713 -- 3,373 -- 3,648
Unemployed -- 3,014 -- 1,900 -- 546 -- 1,354 -- 1,114
Other3 -- 21,164 -- 10,932 -- 3,659 -- 7,274 -- 10,231
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.21B – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 22.9 -- 52.1 -- 70.8 -- 46.3 -- 14.0
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 25.7 -- 49.9 -- 71.3 -- 41.5 -- 13.6
26 or Older -- 22.5 -- 52.6 -- 70.6 -- 47.3 -- 14.0
26-49 -- 26.4 -- 53.0 -- 69.0 -- 47.6 -- 15.1
50 or Older -- 19.1 -- 52.0 -- 74.4 -- 47.0 -- 13.2
SEX                    
Male -- 17.3 -- 42.1 -- 63.0 -- 35.7 -- 11.1
Female -- 28.2 -- 59.2 -- 76.2 -- 53.9 -- 16.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 24.3 -- 53.6 -- 72.1 -- 47.7 -- 15.1
AIAN -- 19.1 -- * -- * -- * -- 8.0
Asian -- 12.5 -- 32.5 -- * -- 26.4 -- 8.4
Black or African American -- 14.7 -- 38.5 -- 63.0 -- 31.7 -- 8.4
NHPI -- 9.2 -- * -- * -- * -- 7.6
White -- 27.5 -- 57.9 -- 75.3 -- 52.4 -- 17.2
Two or More Races -- 31.1 -- 52.0 -- 70.0 -- 41.5 -- 19.6
Hispanic or Latino -- 16.4 -- 44.1 -- 62.4 -- 39.2 -- 9.2
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 22.4 -- 50.7 -- 70.2 -- 45.0 -- 14.0
Part-Time -- 27.0 -- 54.9 -- 75.0 -- 48.4 -- 15.8
Unemployed -- 23.4 -- 44.6 -- 47.3 -- 43.6 -- 12.9
Other3 -- 22.1 -- 54.4 -- 75.1 -- 47.8 -- 13.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.22A – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 60,072 -- 32,047 -- 10,330 -- 21,717 -- 28,025
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast -- 10,535 -- 5,356 -- 1,552 -- 3,804 -- 5,179
Midwest -- 13,590 -- 7,100 -- 2,458 -- 4,642 -- 6,489
South -- 21,404 -- 11,611 -- 3,630 -- 7,981 -- 9,794
West -- 14,543 -- 7,980 -- 2,690 -- 5,290 -- 6,564
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro -- 33,062 -- 17,427 -- 5,377 -- 12,050 -- 15,635
Small Metro -- 19,973 -- 10,798 -- 3,578 -- 7,220 -- 9,175
Nonmetro -- 7,037 -- 3,822 -- 1,375 -- 2,447 -- 3,215
Urbanized -- 2,990 -- 1,616 -- * -- 1,054 -- 1,373
Less Urbanized -- 3,542 -- 1,992 -- 753 -- 1,239 -- 1,550
Completely Rural -- 505 -- 214 -- * -- 154 -- 292
POVERTY LEVEL3                    
Less Than 100% -- 9,386 -- 5,796 -- 2,293 -- 3,503 -- 3,590
100-199% -- 10,284 -- 6,047 -- 2,106 -- 3,941 -- 4,237
200% or More -- 40,373 -- 20,186 -- 5,924 -- 14,262 -- 20,186
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School -- 3,759 -- 1,915 -- 528 -- 1,387 -- 1,844
High School Graduate -- 12,459 -- 6,606 -- 2,232 -- 4,375 -- 5,853
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 19,070 -- 11,223 -- 4,095 -- 7,128 -- 7,847
College Graduate -- 24,784 -- 12,303 -- 3,476 -- 8,827 -- 12,481
HEALTH INSURANCE4                    
Private -- 38,756 -- 19,634 -- 5,873 -- 13,762 -- 19,122
Medicaid/CHIP -- 13,424 -- 8,328 -- 3,220 -- 5,108 -- 5,096
Other5 -- 15,923 -- 7,418 -- 2,206 -- 5,212 -- 8,505
No Coverage -- 2,623 -- 1,609 -- 642 -- 967 -- 1,014
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.22B – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 22.9 -- 52.1 -- 70.8 -- 46.3 -- 14.0
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast -- 23.1 -- 53.1 -- 65.6 -- 49.3 -- 14.6
Midwest -- 25.4 -- 54.2 -- 71.8 -- 48.0 -- 16.1
South -- 21.2 -- 50.5 -- 70.2 -- 44.8 -- 12.5
West -- 23.5 -- 52.1 -- 74.0 -- 45.3 -- 14.1
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro -- 22.5 -- 51.7 -- 70.5 -- 46.2 -- 13.8
Small Metro -- 23.8 -- 52.6 -- 70.8 -- 46.6 -- 14.5
Nonmetro -- 22.2 -- 52.7 -- 71.7 -- 45.9 -- 13.2
Urbanized -- 22.8 -- 51.8 -- * -- 46.6 -- 13.7
Less Urbanized -- 22.2 -- 54.0 -- 78.0 -- 45.5 -- 12.7
Completely Rural -- 19.7 -- 49.0 -- * -- 45.0 -- 13.7
POVERTY LEVEL3                    
Less Than 100% -- 22.9 -- 48.8 -- 66.4 -- 41.6 -- 12.4
100-199% -- 20.4 -- 45.8 -- 66.0 -- 39.3 -- 11.4
200% or More -- 23.6 -- 55.5 -- 74.5 -- 50.2 -- 15.0
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School -- 15.6 -- 38.8 -- 60.2 -- 34.2 -- 9.7
High School Graduate -- 17.7 -- 44.9 -- 64.2 -- 38.9 -- 10.5
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 24.5 -- 52.2 -- 72.0 -- 45.1 -- 13.9
College Graduate -- 27.5 -- 60.4 -- 76.2 -- 55.8 -- 17.9
HEALTH INSURANCE4                    
Private -- 24.1 -- 55.9 -- 77.4 -- 49.9 -- 15.2
Medicaid/CHIP -- 27.6 -- 53.7 -- 70.7 -- 46.7 -- 15.4
Other5 -- 20.5 -- 53.7 -- 75.5 -- 47.9 -- 13.3
No Coverage -- 10.9 -- 27.1 -- 40.6 -- 22.3 -- 5.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
4 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
5 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.23A – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 3,342 -- 2,243 -- 1,057 -- 1,187 -- 1,098
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 677 -- 512 -- 286 -- 227 -- 164
26 or Older -- 2,665 -- 1,731 -- 771 -- 960 -- 934
26-49 -- 1,508 -- 945 -- 542 -- 403 -- 563
50 or Older -- 1,157 -- 786 -- 229 -- 557 -- 372
SEX                    
Male -- 1,616 -- 1,042 -- 456 -- 585 -- 574
Female -- 1,726 -- 1,202 -- 600 -- 602 -- 524
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 2,670 -- 1,871 -- 886 -- 985 -- 800
AIAN -- 23 -- 20 -- * -- 6 -- 3
Asian -- 74 -- 33 -- 6 -- 27 -- 41
Black or African American -- 613 -- 423 -- 147 -- 276 -- 189
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 1,838 -- 1,290 -- 637 -- 653 -- 548
Two or More Races -- 117 -- 100 -- 81 -- 18 -- 17
Hispanic or Latino -- 671 -- 373 -- 171 -- 202 -- 299
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private -- 1,243 -- 806 -- 445 -- 361 -- 437
Medicaid/CHIP -- 1,518 -- 1,011 -- 465 -- 546 -- 507
Other4 -- 917 -- 630 -- 242 -- 388 -- 288
No Coverage -- 359 -- 264 -- 97 -- 167 -- 95
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 821 -- 558 -- 322 -- 235 -- 264
Part-Time -- 363 -- 265 -- 123 -- 142 -- 97
Unemployed -- 338 -- 200 -- 81 -- 119 -- 138
Other5 -- 1,820 -- 1,220 -- 530 -- 690 -- 600
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.23B – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 1.3 -- 3.6 -- 7.2 -- 2.5 -- 0.5
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 1.9 -- 4.4 -- 8.7 -- 2.7 -- 0.7
26 or Older -- 1.2 -- 3.5 -- 6.8 -- 2.5 -- 0.5
26-49 -- 1.4 -- 3.0 -- 6.8 -- 1.7 -- 0.8
50 or Older -- 1.0 -- 4.3 -- 6.8 -- 3.7 -- 0.4
SEX                    
Male -- 1.3 -- 4.1 -- 7.6 -- 3.0 -- 0.6
Female -- 1.3 -- 3.3 -- 7.0 -- 2.2 -- 0.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 1.2 -- 3.6 -- 7.1 -- 2.5 -- 0.5
AIAN -- 2.0 -- 6.7 -- * -- 2.6 -- 0.4
Asian -- 0.4 -- 1.1 -- 0.9 -- 1.2 -- 0.3
Black or African American -- 1.9 -- 6.4 -- 10.2 -- 5.3 -- 0.8
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 1.2 -- 3.2 -- 6.6 -- 2.2 -- 0.5
Two or More Races -- 2.1 -- 5.2 -- 11.4 -- 1.5 -- 0.5
Hispanic or Latino -- 1.4 -- 3.8 -- 8.2 -- 2.6 -- 0.8
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private -- 0.8 -- 2.3 -- 5.9 -- 1.3 -- 0.3
Medicaid/CHIP -- 3.1 -- 6.5 -- 10.2 -- 5.0 -- 1.5
Other4 -- 1.2 -- 4.6 -- 8.3 -- 3.6 -- 0.4
No Coverage -- 1.5 -- 4.5 -- 6.1 -- 3.8 -- 0.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 0.7 -- 2.0 -- 5.1 -- 1.1 -- 0.3
Part-Time -- 1.1 -- 2.9 -- 5.4 -- 2.0 -- 0.4
Unemployed -- 2.6 -- 4.7 -- 7.0 -- 3.8 -- 1.6
Other5 -- 1.9 -- 6.1 -- 10.9 -- 4.5 -- 0.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.24A – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 35,007 -- 21,318 -- 7,786 -- 13,532 -- 13,689
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 5,802 -- 4,042 -- 1,798 -- 2,245 -- 1,759
26 or Older -- 29,205 -- 17,276 -- 5,989 -- 11,287 -- 11,929
26-49 -- 16,917 -- 11,368 -- 4,238 -- 7,130 -- 5,549
50 or Older -- 12,288 -- 5,908 -- 1,751 -- 4,158 -- 6,380
SEX                    
Male -- 13,051 -- 7,178 -- 2,848 -- 4,331 -- 5,873
Female -- 21,955 -- 14,140 -- 4,939 -- 9,201 -- 7,816
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 30,342 -- 18,439 -- 6,821 -- 11,618 -- 11,904
AIAN -- 155 -- * -- * -- * -- 39
Asian -- 1,206 -- 569 -- * -- 293 -- 638
Black or African American -- 2,945 -- 1,698 -- 697 -- 1,001 -- 1,247
NHPI -- 92 -- * -- * -- * -- 73
White -- 24,788 -- 15,334 -- 5,393 -- 9,940 -- 9,455
Two or More Races -- 1,156 -- 704 -- 429 -- 275 -- 451
Hispanic or Latino -- 4,665 -- 2,879 -- 965 -- 1,914 -- 1,785
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private -- 21,901 -- 12,989 -- 4,395 -- 8,595 -- 8,911
Medicaid/CHIP -- 8,910 -- 5,870 -- 2,459 -- 3,410 -- 3,040
Other4 -- 8,963 -- 4,731 -- 1,729 -- 3,002 -- 4,232
No Coverage -- 1,286 -- 936 -- 405 -- 531 -- 350
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 15,123 -- 9,084 -- 3,223 -- 5,860 -- 6,040
Part-Time -- 5,439 -- 3,702 -- 1,390 -- 2,312 -- 1,737
Unemployed -- 1,904 -- 1,267 -- 400 -- 867 -- 637
Other5 -- 12,541 -- 7,265 -- 2,773 -- 4,492 -- 5,275
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.24B – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL -- 13.3 -- 34.7 -- 53.3 -- 28.8 -- 6.8
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 16.6 -- 34.8 -- 54.8 -- 26.9 -- 7.5
26 or Older -- 12.8 -- 34.6 -- 52.9 -- 29.3 -- 6.7
26-49 -- 16.0 -- 36.1 -- 53.4 -- 30.3 -- 7.5
50 or Older -- 10.1 -- 32.0 -- 51.7 -- 27.6 -- 6.2
SEX                    
Male -- 10.2 -- 28.0 -- 47.3 -- 22.1 -- 5.8
Female -- 16.3 -- 39.4 -- 57.5 -- 33.7 -- 7.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 14.1 -- 35.7 -- 54.4 -- 29.7 -- 7.3
AIAN -- 13.4 -- * -- * -- * -- 4.6
Asian -- 7.0 -- 19.5 -- * -- 12.9 -- 4.5
Black or African American -- 9.3 -- 25.6 -- 48.2 -- 19.3 -- 5.0
NHPI -- 7.9 -- * -- * -- * -- 7.2
White -- 15.7 -- 38.6 -- 56.0 -- 33.1 -- 8.0
Two or More Races -- 21.2 -- 36.5 -- 60.0 -- 22.6 -- 12.9
Hispanic or Latino -- 9.8 -- 29.1 -- 46.6 -- 24.5 -- 4.7
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private -- 13.6 -- 36.9 -- 57.9 -- 31.2 -- 7.1
Medicaid/CHIP -- 18.4 -- 37.9 -- 54.0 -- 31.2 -- 9.2
Other4 -- 11.5 -- 34.3 -- 59.1 -- 27.6 -- 6.6
No Coverage -- 5.4 -- 15.8 -- 25.6 -- 12.2 -- 1.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 12.5 -- 32.6 -- 51.3 -- 27.1 -- 6.5
Part-Time -- 16.8 -- 40.0 -- 60.9 -- 33.1 -- 7.5
Unemployed -- 14.8 -- 29.7 -- 34.6 -- 27.9 -- 7.4
Other5 -- 13.1 -- 36.1 -- 56.9 -- 29.5 -- 7.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.25A – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL 41,920 43,824 23,721 24,525 8,736 8,429 14,985 16,095 18,199 19,299
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 5,891 6,083 3,974 4,064 1,755 1,762 2,218 2,302 1,917 2,019
26 or Older 36,029 37,741 19,747 20,461 6,981 6,668 12,766 13,793 16,282 17,280
26-49 19,148 19,879 12,694 12,613 5,254a 4,451 7,440 8,162 6,454a 7,266
50 or Older 16,880 17,862 7,053 7,848 1,727 2,217 5,326 5,631 9,828 10,015
SEX                    
Male 14,091 15,061 7,682 7,927 2,798 3,018 4,884 4,909 6,409 7,134
Female 27,829 28,763 16,039 16,598 5,939 5,412 10,101a 11,186 11,790 12,165
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 37,248 38,867 20,775 21,580 7,450 7,445 13,325 14,135 16,473 17,287
AIAN 168 143 76 * * * * * 92 48
Asian 1,047 1,030 572 514 * 219 345 294 475 516
Black or African American 2,392 2,760 1,505 1,627 459 617 1,046 1,009 887 1,133
NHPI * 26 * * * * * * 13 13
White 32,436 33,643 17,746 18,558 6,305 6,168 11,442 12,391 14,689 15,085
Two or More Races 1,134 1,266 817 773 * 415 415 358 317 492
Hispanic or Latino 4,672 4,957 2,946 2,945 1,287 985 1,659 1,960 1,726 2,012
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private 25,698b 28,174 13,558a 14,965 4,660 4,771 8,898b 10,193 12,140 13,209
Medicaid/CHIP 10,248 10,025 7,288 6,442 2,976 2,668 4,312 3,773 2,960a 3,583
Other4 12,008 12,091 5,641 6,017 1,657 1,900 3,983 4,118 6,367 6,074
No Coverage 1,740 1,647 1,236 1,088 644 472 592 616 505 559
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 18,945 19,287 10,408 10,438 3,885 3,437 6,524 7,001 8,537 8,848
Part-Time 6,085 6,430 3,601 3,869 1,445 1,380 2,155 2,489 2,485 2,561
Unemployed 1,639 1,917 1,164 1,271 559 396 605a 875 475 645
Other5 15,251 16,191 8,548 8,947 2,847 3,217 5,701 5,730 6,703 7,244
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.25B – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL 16.3 16.7 40.4 39.9 59.8 57.7 34.0 34.3 9.2 9.6
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 17.3 17.4 34.5 35.0 49.9 53.7 27.7 27.6 8.5 8.7
26 or Older 16.1 16.6 41.9 41.0 63.0 58.9 35.4 35.8 9.2 9.7
26-49 18.5 18.8 41.9 40.1 64.1b 56.1 33.7 34.7 8.8a 9.8
50 or Older 14.1 14.7 41.8 42.6 60.0 65.5 38.0 37.4 9.5 9.7
SEX                    
Male 11.2 11.8 32.3 31.0 51.5 50.2 26.6 25.1 6.3 7.0
Female 21.1 21.4 46.0 46.2 64.8 63.1 39.3 41.0 12.1 12.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 17.6 18.1 42.1 41.8 61.5 59.4 35.8 36.2 10.1 10.6
AIAN 15.3 12.4 29.4 * * * * * 10.9 5.6
Asian 6.5 6.0 19.7 17.6 * 33.5 14.1 13.0 3.6 3.6
Black or African American 7.7 8.7 24.9 24.5 39.4 42.7 21.4 19.5 3.5 4.5
NHPI * 2.2 * * * * * * 1.9 1.2
White 20.6 21.3 47.0 46.7 65.2 64.1 40.7 41.2 12.3 12.8
Two or More Races 21.5 23.3 42.3 40.0 * 58.1 34.7 29.4 9.5 14.0
Hispanic or Latino 10.3 10.4 31.4 29.8 51.9 47.6 24.1 25.1 4.8 5.3
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private 16.4a 17.5 40.9 42.6 60.7 62.9 34.9 37.0 9.8 10.5
Medicaid/CHIP 20.6 20.6 44.4 41.6 67.6a 58.6 35.9 34.5 8.9a 10.8
Other4 15.6 15.5 43.0 43.6 61.2 65.0 38.3 37.9 9.9 9.5
No Coverage 7.7 6.9 24.9a 18.4 42.5a 29.8 17.2 14.2 2.9 3.1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 15.7 15.9 38.7 37.4 56.9 54.7 32.5 32.4 9.1 9.5
Part-Time 19.3 19.8 43.2 41.8 61.1 60.4 36.1 35.7 10.7 11.1
Unemployed 14.3 14.9 32.5 29.8 53.6b 34.3 23.8 28.2 6.0 7.5
Other5 16.3 16.9 43.1 44.5 65.2 66.0 36.9 37.6 9.1 9.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.26A – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL 31,274a 33,442 19,741 20,059 7,213 7,054 12,528 13,005 11,533b 13,384
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 5,773 5,620 3,914 3,945 1,584 1,707 2,329 2,238 1,860 1,674
26 or Older 25,501b 27,823 15,827 16,114 5,629 5,347 10,199 10,767 9,674b 11,709
26-49 16,698 17,288 11,485 11,084 4,482a 3,822 7,003 7,262 5,213b 6,204
50 or Older 8,803b 10,535 4,342 5,030 1,146 1,525 3,196 3,505 4,461a 5,505
SEX                    
Male 10,953 11,794 6,718 6,597 2,452 2,543 4,267 4,055 4,234a 5,197
Female 20,321a 21,648 13,023 13,461 4,761 4,511 8,262 8,950 7,299 8,187
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 26,910a 28,711 16,797 17,247 6,061 6,181 10,735 11,066 10,113a 11,463
AIAN 92 134 53 * * * 35 * 39 41
Asian 1,098 1,237 623 709 * * 441 417 475 528
Black or African American 2,684 2,864 1,785 1,659 466 667 1,319 993 900 1,205
NHPI * 31 * * * * * * 4 26
White 22,026 23,363 13,579 14,054 5,001 4,814 8,578 9,240 8,446 9,309
Two or More Races 945 1,081 695 726 * * 310 332 250 355
Hispanic or Latino 4,364 4,732 2,944 2,812 1,151 873 1,793 1,939 1,420a 1,920
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private 19,662b 21,792 11,758 12,473 3,976 3,961 7,782 8,512 7,904b 9,320
Medicaid/CHIP 7,984 7,830 5,874 5,260 2,306 2,248 3,568 3,011 2,110 2,570
Other4 6,906 7,695 3,790 4,275 1,154 1,502 2,636 2,773 3,116 3,420
No Coverage 1,347 1,358 944 910 497 376 446 534 403 448
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 15,098 15,896 9,206 9,124 3,195 2,884 6,011 6,240 5,892a 6,771
Part-Time 5,155 5,122 3,364 3,336 1,293 1,189 2,071 2,147 1,791 1,786
Unemployed 1,378 1,743 993 1,165 487 371 506b 794 385 578
Other5 9,643 10,681 6,178 6,433 2,237 2,610 3,940 3,823 3,466a 4,248
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.26B – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1,2
(2024)
TOTAL 12.1 12.8 33.7 32.6 49.4 48.3 28.4 27.7 5.8b 6.7
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 17.0 16.1 34.0 34.0 45.0a 52.0 29.1 26.9 8.3 7.2
26 or Older 11.4a 12.2 33.6 32.3 50.8 47.2 28.3 27.9 5.5b 6.6
26-49 16.1 16.3 38.0a 35.2 54.6b 48.2 31.7 30.9 7.1a 8.3
50 or Older 7.3b 8.7 25.7 27.3 39.8 45.0 22.8 23.3 4.3a 5.3
SEX                    
Male 8.7 9.2 28.2 25.8 45.1 42.3 23.2 20.7 4.2a 5.1
Female 15.4 16.1 37.4 37.5 51.9 52.6 32.2 32.8 7.5 8.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 12.7 13.4 34.1 33.4 50.0 49.3 28.9 28.3 6.2a 7.0
AIAN 8.3 11.6 20.5 * * * 15.7 * 4.6 4.8
Asian 6.8 7.2 21.4 24.3 * * 18.1 18.4 3.6 3.7
Black or African American 8.6 9.0 29.5 25.0 40.0 46.1 27.0a 19.1 3.6 4.8
NHPI * 2.7 * * * * * * 0.6 2.6
White 14.0 14.8 35.9 35.4 51.8 50.0 30.5 30.7 7.1a 7.9
Two or More Races 18.0 19.9 36.0 37.6 * * 26.0 27.2 7.5 10.1
Hispanic or Latino 9.6 9.9 31.4 28.4 46.4 42.1 26.0 24.8 3.9 5.1
HEALTH INSURANCE3                    
Private 12.5a 13.5 35.5 35.5 51.8 52.2 30.5 30.9 6.4a 7.4
Medicaid/CHIP 16.0 16.1 35.8 33.9 52.4 49.4 29.7 27.5 6.3 7.8
Other4 9.0 9.9 28.9 31.0 42.6 51.4 25.3 25.5 4.9 5.3
No Coverage 6.0 5.7 19.0 15.4 32.9 23.7 13.0 12.3 2.3 2.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 12.5 13.1 34.2 32.7 46.8 45.9 29.9 28.9 6.3a 7.3
Part-Time 16.3 15.8 40.3 36.0 54.7 52.1 34.7 30.8 7.7 7.7
Unemployed 12.0 13.5 27.7 27.3 46.7a 32.1 19.9 25.6 4.9 6.7
Other5 10.3 11.2 31.2 32.0 51.2 53.5 25.5 25.1 4.7 5.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons.
3 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
4 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
5 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.27A – Received Substance Use Treatment and/or Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness and Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx)
(2023)		 Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx)
(2024)		 Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx
(2023)		 Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx
(2024)		 Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx
(2023)		 Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx
(2024)		 Received SU Tx AND MH Tx
(2023)		 Received SU Tx AND MH Tx
(2024)		 Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx
(2023)		 Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx
(2024)
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness -- 12,468 -- 681 -- 8,701 -- 3,086 -- 8,753
18-25 -- 2,609 -- 88 -- 2,002 -- 519 -- 2,040
26 or Older -- 9,858 -- 593 -- 6,699 -- 2,567 -- 6,713
26-49 -- 7,092 -- 422 -- 4,877 -- 1,794 -- 4,869
50 or Older -- 2,766 -- 171 -- 1,822 -- 773 -- 1,844
Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness -- 4,823 -- 155 -- 3,346 -- 1,322 -- 2,058
18-25 -- 1,232 -- 7 -- 977 -- 247 -- 465
26 or Older -- 3,592 -- 148 -- 2,368 -- 1,075 -- 1,594
26-49 -- 2,732 -- 104 -- 1,839 -- 789 -- 1,116
50 or Older -- * -- * -- * -- * -- *
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness -- 7,644 -- 525 -- 5,355 -- 1,764 -- 6,695
18-25 -- 1,378 -- 81 -- 1,025 -- 272 -- 1,576
26 or Older -- 6,267 -- 444 -- 4,331 -- 1,491 -- 5,120
26-49 -- 4,360 -- 318 -- 3,038 -- 1,004 -- 3,754
50 or Older -- 1,906 -- 127 -- 1,293 -- 487 -- 1,366
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.
NOTE: The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.27B – Received Substance Use Treatment and/or Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness and Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx)
(2023)		 Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx)
(2024)		 Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx
(2023)		 Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx
(2024)		 Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx
(2023)		 Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx
(2024)		 Received SU Tx AND MH Tx
(2023)		 Received SU Tx AND MH Tx
(2024)		 Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx
(2023)		 Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx
(2024)
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness -- 58.8 -- 3.2 -- 41.0 -- 14.5 -- 41.2
18-25 -- 56.1 -- 1.9 -- 43.1 -- 11.2 -- 43.9
26 or Older -- 59.5 -- 3.6 -- 40.4 -- 15.5 -- 40.5
26-49 -- 59.3 -- 3.5 -- 40.8 -- 15.0 -- 40.7
50 or Older -- 60.0 -- 3.7 -- 39.5 -- 16.8 -- 40.0
Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness -- 70.1 -- 2.3 -- 48.6 -- 19.2 -- 29.9
18-25 -- 72.6 -- 0.4 -- 57.6 -- 14.6 -- 27.4
26 or Older -- 69.3 -- 2.9 -- 45.7 -- 20.7 -- 30.7
26-49 -- 71.0 -- 2.7 -- 47.8 -- 20.5 -- 29.0
50 or Older -- * -- * -- * -- * -- *
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness -- 53.3 -- 3.7 -- 37.3 -- 12.3 -- 46.7
18-25 -- 46.7 -- 2.7 -- 34.7 -- 9.2 -- 53.3
26 or Older -- 55.0 -- 3.9 -- 38.0 -- 13.1 -- 45.0
26-49 -- 53.7 -- 3.9 -- 37.4 -- 12.4 -- 46.3
50 or Older -- 58.3 -- 3.9 -- 39.5 -- 14.9 -- 41.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.
NOTE: The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.28A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 10,046 -- 1,399 -- 8,641 -- 188,410
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 3,003 -- 426 -- 2,577 -- 22,540
26 or Older -- 7,043 -- 973 -- 6,063 -- 165,870
26-49 -- 5,331 -- 786 -- 4,539 -- 71,113
50 or Older -- 1,712 -- 187 -- 1,525 -- 94,757
SEX                
Male -- 4,656 -- 715 -- 3,934 -- 98,829
Female -- 5,390 -- 683 -- 4,706 -- 89,581
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 8,347 -- 1,042 -- 7,299 -- 150,938
AIAN -- 18 -- 2 -- 16 -- 875
Asian -- 752 -- 67 -- 685 -- 13,966
Black or African American -- 1,307 -- 161 -- 1,140 -- 25,042
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 5,871 -- 754 -- 5,117 -- 106,717
Two or More Races -- 371 -- 58 -- 312 -- 3,329
Hispanic or Latino -- 1,699 -- 357 -- 1,342 -- 37,472
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 5,851 -- 835 -- 5,015 -- 86,723
Part-Time -- 1,664 -- 213 -- 1,444 -- 21,612
Unemployed -- 682 -- 96 -- 586 -- 8,995
Other1 -- 1,850 -- 254 -- 1,596 -- 71,080
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.28B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 5.1 -- 0.7 -- 4.4 -- 94.9
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 11.8 -- 1.7 -- 10.1 -- 88.2
26 or Older -- 4.1 -- 0.6 -- 3.5 -- 95.9
26-49 -- 7.0 -- 1.0 -- 5.9 -- 93.0
50 or Older -- 1.8 -- 0.2 -- 1.6 -- 98.2
SEX                
Male -- 4.5 -- 0.7 -- 3.8 -- 95.5
Female -- 5.7 -- 0.7 -- 5.0 -- 94.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 5.2 -- 0.7 -- 4.6 -- 94.8
AIAN -- 2.0 -- 0.2 -- 1.8 -- 98.0
Asian -- 5.1 -- 0.5 -- 4.7 -- 94.9
Black or African American -- 5.0 -- 0.6 -- 4.3 -- 95.0
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 5.2 -- 0.7 -- 4.5 -- 94.8
Two or More Races -- 10.0 -- 1.6 -- 8.4 -- 90.0
Hispanic or Latino -- 4.3 -- 0.9 -- 3.4 -- 95.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 6.3 -- 0.9 -- 5.4 -- 93.7
Part-Time -- 7.1 -- 0.9 -- 6.2 -- 92.9
Unemployed -- 7.0 -- 1.0 -- 6.1 -- 93.0
Other1 -- 2.5 -- 0.3 -- 2.2 -- 97.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.29A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 10,046 -- 1,399 -- 8,641 -- 188,410
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast -- 1,844 -- 256 -- 1,588 -- 32,602
Midwest -- 1,966 -- 211 -- 1,754 -- 37,396
South -- 3,530 -- 448 -- 3,075 -- 74,631
West -- 2,707 -- 483 -- 2,224 -- 43,782
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro -- 5,972 -- 832 -- 5,140 -- 105,667
Small Metro -- 3,349 -- 474 -- 2,868 -- 59,407
Nonmetro -- 726 -- 93 -- 633 -- 23,337
Urbanized -- 400 -- 54 -- 347 -- 9,475
Less Urbanized -- 304 -- 39 -- 265 -- 11,880
Completely Rural -- 21 -- * -- 21 -- 1,982
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% -- 1,263 -- 217 -- 1,046 -- 29,628
100-199% -- 1,796 -- 223 -- 1,572 -- 37,572
200% or More -- 6,980 -- 957 -- 6,016 -- 121,098
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School -- 479 -- 64 -- 415 -- 19,326
High School Graduate -- 1,857 -- 264 -- 1,586 -- 54,964
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 3,439 -- 477 -- 2,962 -- 54,245
College Graduate -- 4,271 -- 594 -- 3,677 -- 59,875
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private -- 6,478 -- 971 -- 5,501 -- 113,724
Medicaid/CHIP -- 1,506 -- 200 -- 1,307 -- 32,885
Other3 -- 1,318 -- 184 -- 1,134 -- 59,196
No Coverage -- 1,362 -- 126 -- 1,236 -- 19,603
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.29B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 5.1 -- 0.7 -- 4.4 -- 94.9
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast -- 5.4 -- 0.7 -- 4.6 -- 94.6
Midwest -- 5.0 -- 0.5 -- 4.5 -- 95.0
South -- 4.5 -- 0.6 -- 3.9 -- 95.5
West -- 5.8 -- 1.0 -- 4.8 -- 94.2
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro -- 5.3 -- 0.7 -- 4.6 -- 94.7
Small Metro -- 5.3 -- 0.8 -- 4.6 -- 94.7
Nonmetro -- 3.0 -- 0.4 -- 2.6 -- 97.0
Urbanized -- 4.1 -- 0.5 -- 3.5 -- 95.9
Less Urbanized -- 2.5 -- 0.3 -- 2.2 -- 97.5
Completely Rural -- 1.1 -- * -- 1.1 -- 98.9
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% -- 4.1 -- 0.7 -- 3.4 -- 95.9
100-199% -- 4.6 -- 0.6 -- 4.0 -- 95.4
200% or More -- 5.4 -- 0.7 -- 4.7 -- 94.6
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School -- 2.4 -- 0.3 -- 2.1 -- 97.6
High School Graduate -- 3.3 -- 0.5 -- 2.8 -- 96.7
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 6.0 -- 0.8 -- 5.1 -- 94.0
College Graduate -- 6.7 -- 0.9 -- 5.7 -- 93.3
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private -- 5.4 -- 0.8 -- 4.6 -- 94.6
Medicaid/CHIP -- 4.4 -- 0.6 -- 3.8 -- 95.6
Other3 -- 2.2 -- 0.3 -- 1.9 -- 97.8
No Coverage -- 6.5 -- 0.6 -- 5.9 -- 93.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.30A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 6,059 -- 795 -- 5,257 -- 22,732
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 1,908 -- 298 -- 1,609 -- 3,791
26 or Older -- 4,151 -- 497 -- 3,647 -- 18,942
26-49 -- 3,462 -- 456 -- 2,999 -- 11,026
50 or Older -- 689 -- 40 -- 649 -- 7,916
SEX                
Male -- 2,938 -- 387 -- 2,544 -- 11,502
Female -- 3,121 -- 408 -- 2,712 -- 11,231
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 5,095 -- 601 -- 4,487 -- 18,323
AIAN -- 9 -- 1 -- 8 -- 138
Asian -- 485 -- 38 -- 447 -- 1,465
Black or African American -- 678 -- 95 -- 576 -- 3,233
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 3,591 -- 414 -- 3,177 -- 12,792
Two or More Races -- 330 -- 54 -- 276 -- 592
Hispanic or Latino -- 963 -- 194 -- 770 -- 4,409
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 3,246 -- 475 -- 2,771 -- 10,310
Part-Time -- 1,124 -- 130 -- 987 -- 2,960
Unemployed -- 540 -- 63 -- 477 -- 1,751
Other1 -- 1,148 -- 127 -- 1,021 -- 7,711
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.30B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 21.0 -- 2.8 -- 18.3 -- 79.0
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 33.5 -- 5.2 -- 28.2 -- 66.5
26 or Older -- 18.0 -- 2.1 -- 15.8 -- 82.0
26-49 -- 23.9 -- 3.1 -- 20.7 -- 76.1
50 or Older -- 8.0 -- 0.5 -- 7.5 -- 92.0
SEX                
Male -- 20.3 -- 2.7 -- 17.6 -- 79.7
Female -- 21.7 -- 2.8 -- 18.9 -- 78.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 21.8 -- 2.6 -- 19.2 -- 78.2
AIAN -- 6.0 -- 0.6 -- 5.4 -- 94.0
Asian -- 24.9 -- 1.9 -- 22.9 -- 75.1
Black or African American -- 17.3 -- 2.4 -- 14.7 -- 82.7
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 21.9 -- 2.5 -- 19.4 -- 78.1
Two or More Races -- 35.8 -- 5.8 -- 30.0 -- 64.2
Hispanic or Latino -- 17.9 -- 3.6 -- 14.3 -- 82.1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 23.9 -- 3.5 -- 20.4 -- 76.1
Part-Time -- 27.5 -- 3.2 -- 24.2 -- 72.5
Unemployed -- 23.6 -- 2.8 -- 20.8 -- 76.4
Other1 -- 13.0 -- 1.4 -- 11.5 -- 87.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.31A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 6,059 -- 795 -- 5,257 -- 22,732
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast -- 932 -- 90 -- 843 -- 3,714
Midwest -- 1,327 -- 126 -- 1,201 -- 4,576
South -- 2,152 -- 268 -- 1,877 -- 8,926
West -- 1,647 -- 311 -- 1,336 -- 5,516
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro -- 3,404 -- 493 -- 2,911 -- 12,508
Small Metro -- 2,206 -- 239 -- 1,961 -- 7,334
Nonmetro -- 448 -- 63 -- 385 -- 2,891
Urbanized -- 252 -- 40 -- 211 -- 1,201
Less Urbanized -- 185 -- 23 -- 162 -- 1,485
Completely Rural -- 12 -- * -- 12 -- 204
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% -- 899 -- 82 -- 817 -- 5,037
100-199% -- 1,296 -- 159 -- 1,136 -- 5,716
200% or More -- 3,857 -- 552 -- 3,299 -- 11,959
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School -- 342 -- 21 -- 321 -- 2,597
High School Graduate -- 1,255 -- 160 -- 1,088 -- 6,728
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 2,394 -- 324 -- 2,070 -- 7,607
College Graduate -- 2,067 -- 291 -- 1,777 -- 5,801
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private -- 3,513 -- 541 -- 2,966 -- 11,693
Medicaid/CHIP -- 1,032 -- 101 -- 931 -- 6,014
Other3 -- 834 -- 88 -- 746 -- 5,301
No Coverage -- 1,013 -- 87 -- 926 -- 3,198
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.31B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 21.0 -- 2.8 -- 18.3 -- 79.0
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast -- 20.1 -- 1.9 -- 18.1 -- 79.9
Midwest -- 22.5 -- 2.1 -- 20.3 -- 77.5
South -- 19.4 -- 2.4 -- 17.0 -- 80.6
West -- 23.0 -- 4.3 -- 18.6 -- 77.0
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro -- 21.4 -- 3.1 -- 18.3 -- 78.6
Small Metro -- 23.1 -- 2.5 -- 20.6 -- 76.9
Nonmetro -- 13.4 -- 1.9 -- 11.5 -- 86.6
Urbanized -- 17.3 -- 2.8 -- 14.5 -- 82.7
Less Urbanized -- 11.0 -- 1.4 -- 9.7 -- 89.0
Completely Rural -- 5.4 -- * -- 5.4 -- 94.6
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% -- 15.1 -- 1.4 -- 13.8 -- 84.9
100-199% -- 18.5 -- 2.3 -- 16.2 -- 81.5
200% or More -- 24.4 -- 3.5 -- 20.9 -- 75.6
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School -- 11.6 -- 0.7 -- 10.9 -- 88.4
High School Graduate -- 15.7 -- 2.0 -- 13.6 -- 84.3
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 23.9 -- 3.2 -- 20.7 -- 76.1
College Graduate -- 26.3 -- 3.7 -- 22.6 -- 73.7
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private -- 23.1 -- 3.6 -- 19.5 -- 76.9
Medicaid/CHIP -- 14.6 -- 1.4 -- 13.2 -- 85.4
Other3 -- 13.6 -- 1.4 -- 12.2 -- 86.4
No Coverage -- 24.1 -- 2.1 -- 22.0 -- 75.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.32A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 1,825 -- 263 -- 1,561 -- 2,381
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 540 -- 122 -- 419 -- 382
26 or Older -- 1,284 -- 142 -- 1,143 -- 1,999
26-49 -- 1,058 -- 140 -- 918 -- 1,368
50 or Older -- * -- 1 -- * -- *
SEX                
Male -- 869 -- 114 -- 755 -- 1,328
Female -- 956 -- 149 -- 807 -- 1,054
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 1,559 -- 228 -- 1,332 -- 1,890
AIAN -- * -- * -- * -- *
Asian -- * -- * -- * -- *
Black or African American -- * -- 26 -- * -- *
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 1,028 -- 145 -- 883 -- 1,324
Two or More Races -- * -- * -- * -- *
Hispanic or Latino -- 265 -- 36 -- 230 -- 491
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 879 -- 145 -- 735 -- 972
Part-Time -- * -- 49 -- * -- *
Unemployed -- * -- 19 -- * -- *
Other1 -- 443 -- 50 -- 393 -- 750
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.32B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 43.4 -- 6.2 -- 37.1 -- 56.6
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 58.6 -- 13.1 -- 45.4 -- 41.4
26 or Older -- 39.1 -- 4.3 -- 34.8 -- 60.9
26-49 -- 43.6 -- 5.8 -- 37.8 -- 56.4
50 or Older -- * -- 0.2 -- * -- *
SEX                
Male -- 39.6 -- 5.2 -- 34.4 -- 60.4
Female -- 47.6 -- 7.4 -- 40.1 -- 52.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 45.2 -- 6.6 -- 38.6 -- 54.8
AIAN -- * -- * -- * -- *
Asian -- * -- * -- * -- *
Black or African American -- * -- 4.8 -- * -- *
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 43.7 -- 6.2 -- 37.5 -- 56.3
Two or More Races -- * -- * -- * -- *
Hispanic or Latino -- 35.1 -- 4.7 -- 30.4 -- 64.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 47.5 -- 7.8 -- 39.7 -- 52.5
Part-Time -- * -- 8.7 -- * -- *
Unemployed -- * -- 3.2 -- * -- *
Other1 -- 37.1 -- 4.2 -- 32.9 -- 62.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.33A – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 1,825 -- 263 -- 1,561 -- 2,381
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast -- * -- 20 -- * -- *
Midwest -- 451 -- 32 -- 419 -- 504
South -- 584 -- 112 -- 472 -- 935
West -- 544 -- 99 -- 445 -- 387
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro -- 932 -- 182 -- 750 -- 1,291
Small Metro -- 732 -- 66 -- 666 -- 716
Nonmetro -- 160 -- 15 -- 145 -- 375
Urbanized -- * -- * -- * -- *
Less Urbanized -- * -- 4 -- * -- *
Completely Rural -- * -- * -- * -- *
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% -- 413 -- 42 -- 371 -- 726
100-199% -- 454 -- 49 -- 405 -- 602
200% or More -- 958 -- 172 -- 785 -- 1,050
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School -- 130 -- 12 -- 118 -- 204
High School Graduate -- 496 -- 65 -- 430 -- 729
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 780 -- 136 -- 644 -- 785
College Graduate -- 419 -- 50 -- 369 -- 664
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private -- 821 -- 156 -- 665 -- 880
Medicaid/CHIP -- 436 -- 38 -- 398 -- 866
Other3 -- * -- 28 -- * -- *
No Coverage -- 437 -- 51 -- 386 -- 497
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.33B – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment
(2024)
TOTAL -- 43.4 -- 6.2 -- 37.1 -- 56.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                
Northeast -- * -- 2.5 -- * -- *
Midwest -- 47.2 -- 3.3 -- 43.9 -- 52.8
South -- 38.5 -- 7.4 -- 31.1 -- 61.5
West -- 58.4 -- 10.6 -- 47.8 -- 41.6
COUNTY TYPE                
Large Metro -- 41.9 -- 8.2 -- 33.8 -- 58.1
Small Metro -- 50.6 -- 4.5 -- 46.0 -- 49.4
Nonmetro -- 29.9 -- 2.9 -- 27.1 -- 70.1
Urbanized -- * -- * -- * -- *
Less Urbanized -- * -- 1.8 -- * -- *
Completely Rural -- * -- * -- * -- *
POVERTY LEVEL1                
Less Than 100% -- 36.3 -- 3.7 -- 32.5 -- 63.7
100-199% -- 43.0 -- 4.6 -- 38.4 -- 57.0
200% or More -- 47.7 -- 8.6 -- 39.1 -- 52.3
EDUCATION LEVEL                
< High School -- 38.9 -- 3.5 -- 35.5 -- 61.1
High School Graduate -- 40.5 -- 5.3 -- 35.1 -- 59.5
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 49.8 -- 8.7 -- 41.1 -- 50.2
College Graduate -- 38.7 -- 4.6 -- 34.1 -- 61.3
HEALTH INSURANCE2                
Private -- 48.3 -- 9.1 -- 39.1 -- 51.7
Medicaid/CHIP -- 33.5 -- 2.9 -- 30.6 -- 66.5
Other3 -- * -- 3.9 -- * -- *
No Coverage -- 46.8 -- 5.4 -- 41.3 -- 53.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.34A – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much -- 5,464 -- 655 -- 4,809
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment -- 2,966 -- 410 -- 2,556
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment -- 3,094 -- 405 -- 2,689
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment -- 4,367 -- 449 -- 3,911
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 3,727 -- 575 -- 3,145
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 1,367 -- 349 -- 1,012
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them -- 2,149 -- 254 -- 1,888
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment -- 4,400 -- 433 -- 3,968
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private -- 1,824 -- 110 -- 1,714
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment -- 2,221 -- 165 -- 2,057
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children -- 975 -- 46 -- 929
Not Ready to Start Treatment -- 4,857 -- 324 -- 4,533
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own -- 6,627 -- 592 -- 6,035
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment -- 1,040 -- 91 -- 949
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will -- 1,427 -- 150 -- 1,277
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication -- 2,689 -- 283 -- 2,399
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them -- 2,983 -- 259 -- 2,724
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better -- 1,244 -- 171 -- 1,066
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.34B – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much -- 54.5 -- 47.3 -- 55.7
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment -- 31.2 -- 30.9 -- 31.3
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment -- 33.6 -- 31.2 -- 34.1
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment -- 43.6 -- 32.4 -- 45.3
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 38.2 -- 41.9 -- 37.5
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 14.3 -- 26.1 -- 12.3
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them -- 21.7 -- 18.6 -- 22.1
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment -- 44.4 -- 32.0 -- 46.4
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private -- 18.3 -- 8.1 -- 20.0
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment -- 22.2 -- 11.9 -- 23.9
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children -- 9.8 -- 3.4 -- 10.8
Not Ready to Start Treatment -- 49.0 -- 23.6 -- 53.2
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own -- 66.7 -- 43.3 -- 70.5
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment -- 10.4 -- 6.6 -- 11.1
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will -- 14.3 -- 11.0 -- 14.8
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication -- 27.1 -- 20.8 -- 28.1
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them -- 30.4 -- 19.0 -- 32.2
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better -- 12.5 -- 12.4 -- 12.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.35A – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much -- 3,937 -- 453 -- 3,483
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment -- 2,227 -- 228 -- 1,999
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment -- 2,211 -- 285 -- 1,926
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment -- 2,977 -- 340 -- 2,631
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 2,648 -- 438 -- 2,204
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 946 -- 246 -- 694
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them -- 1,572 -- 202 -- 1,364
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment -- 2,870 -- 323 -- 2,548
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private -- 1,404 -- 99 -- 1,305
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment -- 1,592 -- 153 -- 1,439
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children -- 747 -- 40 -- 707
Not Ready to Start Treatment -- 2,870 -- 188 -- 2,682
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own -- 4,250 -- 438 -- 3,812
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment -- 804 -- 88 -- 716
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will -- 1,177 -- 130 -- 1,048
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication -- 2,063 -- 257 -- 1,799
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them -- 2,183 -- 202 -- 1,981
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better -- 1,045 -- 154 -- 884
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.35B – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much -- 65.2 -- 57.8 -- 66.3
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment -- 39.1 -- 30.1 -- 40.5
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment -- 39.9 -- 37.9 -- 40.3
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment -- 49.2 -- 43.1 -- 50.1
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 45.0 -- 56.1 -- 43.2
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 16.5 -- 31.6 -- 14.0
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them -- 26.4 -- 26.0 -- 26.3
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment -- 47.9 -- 41.2 -- 48.9
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private -- 23.4 -- 12.6 -- 25.0
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment -- 26.4 -- 19.5 -- 27.4
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children -- 12.5 -- 5.1 -- 13.6
Not Ready to Start Treatment -- 48.1 -- 24.2 -- 51.7
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own -- 71.0 -- 55.8 -- 73.2
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment -- 13.4 -- 11.2 -- 13.8
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will -- 19.6 -- 16.6 -- 20.0
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication -- 34.4 -- 32.8 -- 34.6
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them -- 36.9 -- 25.8 -- 38.6
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better -- 17.5 -- 19.7 -- 17.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded.
NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.36A – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much -- 1,303 -- * -- 1,146
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment -- 841 -- * -- 725
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment -- 791 -- * -- 680
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment -- 1,039 -- * -- 899
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 991 -- * -- 821
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 363 -- * -- 267
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them -- 610 -- * -- 507
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment -- 891 -- * -- 752
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private -- 603 -- * -- 544
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment -- 592 -- * -- 504
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children -- 411 -- 35 -- 376
Not Ready to Start Treatment -- 837 -- * -- 758
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own -- 1,380 -- * -- 1,190
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment -- 345 -- * -- 296
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will -- 627 -- * -- 529
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication -- 722 -- * -- 594
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them -- 779 -- * -- 664
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better -- 597 -- * -- 483
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.36B – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2023)		 Any Perceived Unmet Need
(2024)		 Sought Treatment
(2023)		 Sought Treatment
(2024)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2023)		 Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment
(2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much -- 71.5 -- * -- 73.5
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment -- 47.9 -- * -- 48.5
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment -- 46.7 -- * -- 47.4
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment -- 57.0 -- * -- 57.6
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 56.6 -- * -- 55.1
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to -- 20.7 -- * -- 17.9
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them -- 33.7 -- * -- 32.7
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment -- 49.0 -- * -- 48.3
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private -- 33.1 -- * -- 34.9
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment -- 32.5 -- * -- 32.3
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children -- 22.6 -- 13.4 -- 24.2
Not Ready to Start Treatment -- 46.3 -- * -- 49.1
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own -- 75.7 -- * -- 76.2
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment -- 19.0 -- * -- 19.1
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will -- 34.5 -- * -- 34.1
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication -- 39.8 -- * -- 38.2
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them -- 43.4 -- * -- 43.3
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better -- 33.0 -- * -- 31.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded.
NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.37A – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic No or Minimal
(2023)		 No or Minimal
(2024)		 Mild
(2023)		 Mild
(2024)		 Moderate
(2023)		 Moderate
(2024)		 Moderate or Severe
(2023)		 Moderate or Severe
(2024)		 Severe
(2023)		 Severe
(2024)
TOTAL -- 205,465 -- 37,451 -- 12,232 -- 19,374 -- 7,142
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 22,168 -- 7,699 -- 3,142 -- 5,079 -- 1,937
26 or Older -- 183,298 -- 29,752 -- 9,090 -- 14,295 -- 5,205
26-49 -- 78,176 -- 18,113 -- 5,920 -- 9,514 -- 3,595
50 or Older -- 105,121 -- 11,639 -- 3,170 -- 4,781 -- 1,611
SEX                    
Male -- 104,611 -- 15,184 -- 5,134 -- 7,931 -- 2,797
Female -- 100,854 -- 22,268 -- 7,098 -- 11,444 -- 4,345
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 167,140 -- 31,283 -- 10,210 -- 16,135 -- 5,925
AIAN -- 893 -- 175 -- 53 -- 86 -- 33
Asian -- 14,152 -- 2,137 -- 558 -- 836 -- 278
Black or African American -- 25,928 -- 3,525 -- 1,362 -- 2,230 -- 867
NHPI -- 936 -- 187 -- 24 -- 34 -- 11
White -- 121,547 -- 24,206 -- 7,878 -- 12,242 -- 4,364
Two or More Races -- 3,684 -- 1,054 -- 334 -- 706 -- 372
Hispanic or Latino -- 38,326 -- 6,168 -- 2,022 -- 3,239 -- 1,217
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 95,353 -- 17,998 -- 5,174 -- 7,861 -- 2,687
Part-Time -- 23,442 -- 5,906 -- 1,940 -- 3,053 -- 1,112
Unemployed -- 9,154 -- 2,172 -- 981 -- 1,567 -- 587
Other1 -- 77,517 -- 11,376 -- 4,137 -- 6,893 -- 2,756
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.37B – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic No or Minimal
(2023)		 No or Minimal
(2024)		 Mild
(2023)		 Mild
(2024)		 Moderate
(2023)		 Moderate
(2024)		 Moderate or Severe
(2023)		 Moderate or Severe
(2024)		 Severe
(2023)		 Severe
(2024)
TOTAL -- 78.3 -- 14.3 -- 4.7 -- 7.4 -- 2.7
AGE GROUP                    
18-25 -- 63.4 -- 22.0 -- 9.0 -- 14.5 -- 5.5
26 or Older -- 80.6 -- 13.1 -- 4.0 -- 6.3 -- 2.3
26-49 -- 73.9 -- 17.1 -- 5.6 -- 9.0 -- 3.4
50 or Older -- 86.5 -- 9.6 -- 2.6 -- 3.9 -- 1.3
SEX                    
Male -- 81.9 -- 11.9 -- 4.0 -- 6.2 -- 2.2
Female -- 74.9 -- 16.5 -- 5.3 -- 8.5 -- 3.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 77.9 -- 14.6 -- 4.8 -- 7.5 -- 2.8
AIAN -- 77.4 -- 15.1 -- 4.6 -- 7.5 -- 2.9
Asian -- 82.6 -- 12.5 -- 3.3 -- 4.9 -- 1.6
Black or African American -- 81.8 -- 11.1 -- 4.3 -- 7.0 -- 2.7
NHPI -- 80.9 -- 16.1 -- 2.1 -- 3.0 -- 0.9
White -- 76.9 -- 15.3 -- 5.0 -- 7.7 -- 2.8
Two or More Races -- 67.7 -- 19.4 -- 6.1 -- 13.0 -- 6.8
Hispanic or Latino -- 80.3 -- 12.9 -- 4.2 -- 6.8 -- 2.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time -- 78.7 -- 14.8 -- 4.3 -- 6.5 -- 2.2
Part-Time -- 72.4 -- 18.2 -- 6.0 -- 9.4 -- 3.4
Unemployed -- 71.0 -- 16.8 -- 7.6 -- 12.2 -- 4.6
Other1 -- 80.9 -- 11.9 -- 4.3 -- 7.2 -- 2.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.38A – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic No or Minimal
(2023)		 No or Minimal
(2024)		 Mild
(2023)		 Mild
(2024)		 Moderate
(2023)		 Moderate
(2024)		 Moderate or Severe
(2023)		 Moderate or Severe
(2024)		 Severe
(2023)		 Severe
(2024)
TOTAL -- 205,465 -- 37,451 -- 12,232 -- 19,374 -- 7,142
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast -- 35,786 -- 6,733 -- 1,937 -- 3,138 -- 1,201
Midwest -- 41,198 -- 8,078 -- 2,492 -- 4,230 -- 1,738
South -- 80,455 -- 13,376 -- 4,835 -- 7,347 -- 2,512
West -- 48,026 -- 9,264 -- 2,968 -- 4,659 -- 1,691
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro -- 116,480 -- 20,412 -- 6,445 -- 9,956 -- 3,511
Small Metro -- 64,394 -- 12,631 -- 4,249 -- 6,792 -- 2,543
Nonmetro -- 24,592 -- 4,408 -- 1,538 -- 2,627 -- 1,088
Urbanized -- 10,164 -- 1,815 -- 769 -- 1,149 -- 380
Less Urbanized -- 12,386 -- 2,276 -- 687 -- 1,274 -- 586
Completely Rural -- 2,042 -- 317 -- 82 -- 204 -- 122
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% -- 29,737 -- 6,060 -- 3,011 -- 5,139 -- 2,129
100-199% -- 38,447 -- 7,515 -- 2,551 -- 4,373 -- 1,822
200% or More -- 137,193 -- 23,840 -- 6,655 -- 9,836 -- 3,181
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School -- 19,350 -- 2,799 -- 1,110 -- 1,891 -- 781
High School Graduate -- 56,057 -- 8,718 -- 3,498 -- 5,561 -- 2,063
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 58,365 -- 12,537 -- 4,330 -- 6,969 -- 2,639
College Graduate -- 71,694 -- 13,398 -- 3,294 -- 4,953 -- 1,659
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private -- 128,165 -- 23,028 -- 6,517 -- 9,856 -- 3,339
Medicaid/CHIP -- 33,977 -- 8,233 -- 3,631 -- 6,339 -- 2,708
Other3 -- 65,891 -- 8,005 -- 2,459 -- 3,890 -- 1,431
No Coverage -- 18,497 -- 3,282 -- 1,388 -- 2,218 -- 831
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.38B – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic No or Minimal
(2023)		 No or Minimal
(2024)		 Mild
(2023)		 Mild
(2024)		 Moderate
(2023)		 Moderate
(2024)		 Moderate or Severe
(2023)		 Moderate or Severe
(2024)		 Severe
(2023)		 Severe
(2024)
TOTAL -- 78.3 -- 14.3 -- 4.7 -- 7.4 -- 2.7
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast -- 78.4 -- 14.7 -- 4.2 -- 6.9 -- 2.6
Midwest -- 77.0 -- 15.1 -- 4.7 -- 7.9 -- 3.2
South -- 79.5 -- 13.2 -- 4.8 -- 7.3 -- 2.5
West -- 77.5 -- 15.0 -- 4.8 -- 7.5 -- 2.7
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro -- 79.3 -- 13.9 -- 4.4 -- 6.8 -- 2.4
Small Metro -- 76.8 -- 15.1 -- 5.1 -- 8.1 -- 3.0
Nonmetro -- 77.8 -- 13.9 -- 4.9 -- 8.3 -- 3.4
Urbanized -- 77.4 -- 13.8 -- 5.9 -- 8.8 -- 2.9
Less Urbanized -- 77.7 -- 14.3 -- 4.3 -- 8.0 -- 3.7
Completely Rural -- 79.7 -- 12.4 -- 3.2 -- 8.0 -- 4.8
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% -- 72.6 -- 14.8 -- 7.4 -- 12.6 -- 5.2
100-199% -- 76.4 -- 14.9 -- 5.1 -- 8.7 -- 3.6
200% or More -- 80.3 -- 14.0 -- 3.9 -- 5.8 -- 1.9
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School -- 80.5 -- 11.6 -- 4.6 -- 7.9 -- 3.2
High School Graduate -- 79.7 -- 12.4 -- 5.0 -- 7.9 -- 2.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree -- 75.0 -- 16.1 -- 5.6 -- 8.9 -- 3.4
College Graduate -- 79.6 -- 14.9 -- 3.7 -- 5.5 -- 1.8
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private -- 79.6 -- 14.3 -- 4.0 -- 6.1 -- 2.1
Medicaid/CHIP -- 70.0 -- 17.0 -- 7.5 -- 13.1 -- 5.6
Other3 -- 84.7 -- 10.3 -- 3.2 -- 5.0 -- 1.8
No Coverage -- 77.1 -- 13.7 -- 5.8 -- 9.2 -- 3.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.39A – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 21,899 21,414 7,956 8,203 13,943 13,211
18-25 5,953 5,541 2,179 2,181 3,774a 3,361
18-20 1,923 2,014 708 724 1,216 1,289
21-25 4,030a 3,528 1,471 1,456 2,559b 2,071
26 or Older 15,946 15,873 5,777 6,023 10,169 9,850
26-49 10,567 10,534 4,135 4,370 6,432 6,164
26-29 2,587 2,391 1,044 1,132 1,543 1,259
30-34 2,752 2,774 1,144 1,178 1,608 1,596
35-39 2,124 1,954 881 782 1,243 1,172
40-44 1,721 1,783 597 605 1,123 1,178
45-49 1,383 1,631 468 673 915 958
50 or Older 5,379 5,339 1,642 1,653 3,737 3,686
50-54 1,339 1,449 380 434 959 1,016
55-59 934 988 302 410 632 578
60-64 1,380 1,039 566 321 814 718
65 or Older 1,727 1,863 394 488 1,332 1,375
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.39B – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 8.5 8.2 6.3 6.4 10.5 9.8
18-25 17.5a 15.9 12.8 12.4 22.2b 19.3
18-20 15.8 16.0 11.2 11.2 20.9 21.2
21-25 18.4b 15.8 13.7 13.1 23.0b 18.3
26 or Older 7.1 7.0 5.3 5.5 8.8 8.4
26-49 10.2 10.0 8.0 8.3 12.4 11.6
26-29 14.7 13.7 11.6 12.6 18.0 14.8
30-34 12.1 11.8 10.4 10.3 13.8 13.2
35-39 9.2 8.4 7.4 6.5 10.9 10.5
40-44 8.1 8.0 5.7 5.6 10.4 10.2
45-49 7.3 8.5 5.1 7.2 9.4 9.7
50 or Older 4.5 4.4 2.9 2.9 5.9 5.8
50-54 7.2 7.4 4.3 4.7 9.7 9.6
55-59 4.5 5.1 3.1 4.3 5.8 5.9
60-64 6.0 4.6 4.7 2.8 7.5 6.5
65 or Older 3.0 3.1 1.5 1.8 4.2 4.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.40A – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 15,294 14,656 5,564 5,686 9,730 8,969
18-25 4,381 4,014 1,612 1,591 2,769a 2,424
18-20 1,437 1,434 524 496 913 938
21-25 2,944 2,580 1,088 1,095 1,856a 1,486
26 or Older 10,913 10,642 3,952 4,096 6,961 6,546
26-49 7,649 7,448 2,939 3,105 4,710 4,343
26-29 1,941 1,684 756 810 1,186a 874
30-34 1,986 2,002 819 860 1,167 1,141
35-39 1,573 1,347 645 499 928 848
40-44 1,241 1,248 394 427 847 822
45-49 907 1,167 325 509 582 658
50 or Older 3,264 3,193 1,013 991 2,252 2,202
50-54 922 1,079 221 323 702 756
55-59 529 661 189 271 340 389
60-64 936 567 372 131 564 436
65 or Older 877 887 231 265 647 621
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.40B – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Total
(2023)		 Total
(2024)		 Male
(2023)		 Male
(2024)		 Female
(2023)		 Female
(2024)
TOTAL 5.9 5.6 4.4 4.5 7.4a 6.7
18-25 12.9a 11.5 9.4 9.1 16.3b 13.9
18-20 11.8 11.4 8.3 7.7 15.7 15.4
21-25 13.5a 11.5 10.1 9.9 16.6b 13.1
26 or Older 4.9 4.7 3.6 3.7 6.0 5.6
26-49 7.4 7.0 5.7 5.9 9.0 8.2
26-29 11.0 9.6 8.4 9.0 13.8a 10.3
30-34 8.8 8.5 7.4 7.5 10.0 9.4
35-39 6.8 5.8 5.5 4.2 8.2 7.6
40-44 5.9 5.6 3.8 3.9 7.8 7.1
45-49 4.8 6.1 3.5 5.4 6.0 6.7
50 or Older 2.7 2.6 1.8 1.7 3.6 3.4
50-54 4.9 5.5 2.5 3.5 7.1 7.2
55-59 2.6 3.4 1.9 2.8 3.1 3.9
60-64 4.1 2.5 3.1 1.1 5.2 4.0
65 or Older 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.41A – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Had MDE
(2023)		 Had MDE
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2024)
TOTAL 21,899 21,414 15,294 14,656
SEX        
Male 7,956 8,203 5,564 5,686
Female 13,943 13,211 9,730 8,969
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 18,142 18,179 12,705 12,549
AIAN 46 97 28 60
Asian 777 962 603 683
Black or African American 2,021 1,927 1,371 1,377
NHPI * 25 * 10
White 14,335 14,324 9,914 9,729
Two or More Races 892 845 734 691
Hispanic or Latino 3,757 3,235 2,589a 2,107
EMPLOYMENT STATUS        
Full-Time 9,741 9,172 6,588 6,258
Part-Time 3,764 3,711 2,572 2,528
Unemployed 1,541 1,590 1,162 1,159
Other1 6,853 6,942 4,971 4,710
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.41B – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Had MDE
(2023)		 Had MDE
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2024)
TOTAL 8.5 8.2 5.9 5.6
SEX        
Male 6.3 6.4 4.4 4.5
Female 10.5 9.8 7.4a 6.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE        
Not Hispanic or Latino 8.6 8.5 6.0 5.8
AIAN 4.2 8.4 2.5 5.2
Asian 4.8 5.6 3.8 4.0
Black or African American 6.5 6.1 4.4 4.3
NHPI * 2.1 * 0.8
White 9.1 9.1 6.3 6.2
Two or More Races 16.9 15.5 13.9 12.7
Hispanic or Latino 8.3a 6.8 5.7a 4.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS        
Full-Time 8.1 7.6 5.4 5.2
Part-Time 11.9 11.5 8.2 7.8
Unemployed 13.5 12.3 10.2 9.0
Other1 7.3 7.2 5.3 4.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.42A – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Had MDE
(2023)		 Had MDE
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2024)
TOTAL 21,899 21,414 15,294 14,656
GEOGRAPHIC REGION        
Northeast 3,851 3,634 2,618 2,460
Midwest 4,249a 4,759 2,985 3,317
South 8,191 7,590 5,509 5,277
West 5,608 5,430 4,182 3,602
COUNTY TYPE        
Large Metro 11,017 11,435 7,629 7,639
Small Metro 7,943 7,345 5,788 5,110
Nonmetro 2,939 2,634 1,876 1,907
POVERTY LEVEL1        
Less Than 100% 4,582 4,416 3,393 3,247
100-199% 4,731 4,723 3,452 3,364
200% or More 12,580 12,249 8,446 8,026
EDUCATION LEVEL        
< High School 1,597a 1,259 1,123 888
High School Graduate 5,568 4,906 4,015a 3,331
Some College/Associate’s Degree 8,188 8,210 5,752 5,813
College Graduate 6,546 7,038 4,403 4,623
HEALTH INSURANCE2        
Private 11,825 11,813 7,889 7,785
Medicaid/CHIP 6,534 5,838 4,838 4,393
Other3 4,614 4,580 3,020 2,883
No Coverage 1,969 2,217 1,505 1,527
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.42B – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Had MDE
(2023)		 Had MDE
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment
(2024)
TOTAL 8.5 8.2 5.9 5.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION        
Northeast 8.6 8.0 5.8 5.4
Midwest 8.0 8.9 5.7 6.2
South 8.3 7.5 5.6 5.2
West 9.2 8.8 6.9a 5.8
COUNTY TYPE        
Large Metro 7.7 7.8 5.3 5.2
Small Metro 9.8a 8.8 7.2a 6.1
Nonmetro 8.6 8.3 5.5 6.0
POVERTY LEVEL1        
Less Than 100% 11.6 10.8 8.6 7.9
100-199% 9.7 9.4 7.0 6.7
200% or More 7.4 7.2 5.0 4.7
EDUCATION LEVEL        
< High School 6.5 5.2 4.6 3.7
High School Graduate 8.0a 7.0 5.8a 4.7
Some College/Associate’s Degree 10.6 10.5 7.5 7.5
College Graduate 7.6 7.8 5.1 5.1
HEALTH INSURANCE2        
Private 7.5 7.3 5.0 4.8
Medicaid/CHIP 13.1 12.0 9.7 9.0
Other3 6.0 5.9 3.9 3.7
No Coverage 8.7 9.2 6.7 6.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.43A – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL -- 60,072 -- 13,780 -- 10,146 -- 46,292
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 8,975 -- 3,401 -- 2,665 -- 5,575
26 or Older -- 51,097 -- 10,380 -- 7,481 -- 40,717
26-49 -- 27,882 -- 6,663 -- 5,058 -- 21,220
50 or Older -- 23,214 -- 3,717 -- 2,423 -- 19,498
SEX                
Male -- 22,159 -- 4,415 -- 3,361 -- 17,745
Female -- 37,913 -- 9,366 -- 6,785 -- 28,547
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 52,225 -- 12,044 -- 8,865 -- 40,180
AIAN -- 220 -- * -- * -- 141
Asian -- 2,140 -- 462 -- * -- 1,678
Black or African American -- 4,657 -- 1,004 -- 824 -- 3,653
NHPI -- 107 -- * -- * -- 96
White -- 43,406 -- 9,958 -- 7,172 -- 33,449
Two or More Races -- 1,694 -- 532 -- 445 -- 1,163
Hispanic or Latino -- 7,848 -- 1,736 -- 1,281 -- 6,112
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 27,161 -- 5,769 -- 4,194 -- 21,391
Part-Time -- 8,734 -- 2,627 -- 1,900 -- 6,107
Unemployed -- 3,014 -- 785 -- 604 -- 2,229
Other3 -- 21,164 -- 4,600 -- 3,448 -- 16,564
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.43B – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL -- 22.9 -- 64.4 -- 69.2 -- 19.2
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 25.7 -- 61.4 -- 66.4 -- 19.0
26 or Older -- 22.5 -- 65.4 -- 70.3 -- 19.3
26-49 -- 26.4 -- 63.3 -- 67.9 -- 22.3
50 or Older -- 19.1 -- 69.6 -- 75.9 -- 16.8
SEX                
Male -- 17.3 -- 53.8 -- 59.1 -- 14.8
Female -- 28.2 -- 70.9 -- 75.7 -- 23.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 24.3 -- 66.3 -- 70.6 -- 20.5
AIAN -- 19.1 -- * -- * -- 13.4
Asian -- 12.5 -- 48.0 -- * -- 10.4
Black or African American -- 14.7 -- 52.1 -- 59.9 -- 12.3
NHPI -- 9.2 -- * -- * -- 8.5
White -- 27.5 -- 69.5 -- 73.7 -- 23.3
Two or More Races -- 31.1 -- 62.9 -- 64.4 -- 25.3
Hispanic or Latino -- 16.4 -- 53.7 -- 60.8 -- 13.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 22.4 -- 62.9 -- 67.0 -- 19.1
Part-Time -- 27.0 -- 70.8 -- 75.2 -- 21.3
Unemployed -- 23.4 -- 49.4 -- 52.1 -- 19.7
Other3 -- 22.1 -- 66.3 -- 73.2 -- 18.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.44A – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL -- 3,342 -- 1,040 -- 891 -- 2,301
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 677 -- 315 -- 284 -- 361
26 or Older -- 2,665 -- 725 -- 608 -- 1,940
26-49 -- 1,508 -- 576 -- 480 -- 931
50 or Older -- 1,157 -- 149 -- 128 -- 1,009
SEX                
Male -- 1,616 -- 454 -- 375 -- 1,162
Female -- 1,726 -- 586 -- 516 -- 1,140
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 2,670 -- 868 -- 730 -- 1,802
AIAN -- 23 -- * -- * -- 10
Asian -- 74 -- 2 -- 2 -- 73
Black or African American -- 613 -- 125 -- 110 -- 488
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 1,838 -- 652 -- 546 -- 1,186
Two or More Races -- 117 -- 71 -- 59 -- 46
Hispanic or Latino -- 671 -- 172 -- 161 -- 499
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 821 -- 367 -- 292 -- 454
Part-Time -- 363 -- 129 -- 118 -- 233
Unemployed -- 338 -- 88 -- 77 -- 250
Other3 -- 1,820 -- 457 -- 404 -- 1,363
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.44B – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL -- 1.3 -- 4.9 -- 6.1 -- 1.0
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 1.9 -- 5.7 -- 7.1 -- 1.2
26 or Older -- 1.2 -- 4.6 -- 5.7 -- 0.9
26-49 -- 1.4 -- 5.5 -- 6.4 -- 1.0
50 or Older -- 1.0 -- 2.8 -- 4.0 -- 0.9
SEX                
Male -- 1.3 -- 5.5 -- 6.6 -- 1.0
Female -- 1.3 -- 4.4 -- 5.8 -- 0.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 1.2 -- 4.8 -- 5.8 -- 0.9
AIAN -- 2.0 -- * -- * -- 0.9
Asian -- 0.4 -- 0.2 -- 0.3 -- 0.4
Black or African American -- 1.9 -- 6.5 -- 8.0 -- 1.6
NHPI -- * -- * -- * -- *
White -- 1.2 -- 4.6 -- 5.6 -- 0.8
Two or More Races -- 2.1 -- 8.5 -- 8.5 -- 1.0
Hispanic or Latino -- 1.4 -- 5.3 -- 7.6 -- 1.1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 0.7 -- 4.0 -- 4.7 -- 0.4
Part-Time -- 1.1 -- 3.5 -- 4.7 -- 0.8
Unemployed -- 2.6 -- 5.5 -- 6.7 -- 2.2
Other3 -- 1.9 -- 6.6 -- 8.6 -- 1.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.45A – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL -- 35,007 -- 9,929 -- 7,662 -- 25,078
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 5,802 -- 2,562 -- 2,059 -- 3,240
26 or Older -- 29,205 -- 7,367 -- 5,603 -- 21,838
26-49 -- 16,917 -- 4,955 -- 3,879 -- 11,962
50 or Older -- 12,288 -- 2,412 -- 1,723 -- 9,876
SEX                
Male -- 13,051 -- 3,268 -- 2,497 -- 9,783
Female -- 21,955 -- 6,661 -- 5,165 -- 15,295
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 30,342 -- 8,679 -- 6,717 -- 21,663
AIAN -- 155 -- * -- * -- 90
Asian -- 1,206 -- 348 -- * -- 859
Black or African American -- 2,945 -- 765 -- 655 -- 2,181
NHPI -- 92 -- * -- * -- 86
White -- 24,788 -- 7,079 -- 5,379 -- 17,709
Two or More Races -- 1,156 -- 418 -- 349 -- 738
Hispanic or Latino -- 4,665 -- 1,249 -- 945 -- 3,415
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 15,123 -- 4,017 -- 3,050 -- 11,106
Part-Time -- 5,439 -- 2,000 -- 1,508 -- 3,440
Unemployed -- 1,904 -- 538 -- 434 -- 1,365
Other3 -- 12,541 -- 3,373 -- 2,670 -- 9,167
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.45B – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL -- 13.3 -- 46.4 -- 52.3 -- 10.4
AGE GROUP                
18-25 -- 16.6 -- 46.2 -- 51.3 -- 11.0
26 or Older -- 12.8 -- 46.4 -- 52.6 -- 10.3
26-49 -- 16.0 -- 47.0 -- 52.1 -- 12.6
50 or Older -- 10.1 -- 45.2 -- 54.0 -- 8.5
SEX                
Male -- 10.2 -- 39.8 -- 43.9 -- 8.2
Female -- 16.3 -- 50.4 -- 57.6 -- 12.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino -- 14.1 -- 47.7 -- 53.5 -- 11.0
AIAN -- 13.4 -- * -- * -- 8.5
Asian -- 7.0 -- 36.2 -- * -- 5.3
Black or African American -- 9.3 -- 39.7 -- 47.6 -- 7.3
NHPI -- 7.9 -- * -- * -- 7.6
White -- 15.7 -- 49.4 -- 55.3 -- 12.3
Two or More Races -- 21.2 -- 49.4 -- 50.5 -- 16.1
Hispanic or Latino -- 9.8 -- 38.6 -- 44.9 -- 7.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time -- 12.5 -- 43.8 -- 48.7 -- 9.9
Part-Time -- 16.8 -- 53.9 -- 59.6 -- 12.0
Unemployed -- 14.8 -- 33.9 -- 37.4 -- 12.1
Other3 -- 13.1 -- 48.6 -- 56.7 -- 10.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.46A – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL 41,920 43,824 11,494 10,896 8,599 8,156 30,426a 32,928
AGE GROUP                
18-25 5,891 6,083 2,478 2,448 1,981 1,938 3,413 3,635
26 or Older 36,029 37,741 9,015 8,448 6,619 6,218 27,013a 29,293
26-49 19,148 19,879 5,899 5,270 4,572 4,142 13,250a 14,609
50 or Older 16,880 17,862 3,117 3,178 2,046 2,076 13,763 14,684
SEX                
Male 14,091 15,061 3,580 3,341 2,625 2,641 10,510 11,720
Female 27,829 28,763 7,913 7,555 5,974 5,514 19,916 21,208
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino 37,248 38,867 9,895 9,605 7,408 7,174 27,353 29,263
AIAN 168 143 * * * * 144 94
Asian 1,047 1,030 * 238 * 193 811 792
Black or African American 2,392 2,760 727 647 460 567 1,666 2,113
NHPI * 26 * * * * 38 20
White 32,436 33,643 8,421 8,244 6,302 6,000 24,015 25,400
Two or More Races 1,134 1,266 453 421 399 363 680 845
Hispanic or Latino 4,672 4,957 1,599 1,292 1,191 981 3,074 3,665
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time 18,945 19,287 4,621 4,429 3,394 3,301 14,324 14,857
Part-Time 6,085 6,430 1,946 2,035 1,472 1,472 4,139 4,395
Unemployed 1,639 1,917 705 558 570 432 933b 1,359
Other3 15,251 16,191 4,222 3,874 3,163 2,951 11,029 12,317
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.46B – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL 16.3 16.7 52.5 50.9 56.2 55.6 12.9a 13.7
AGE GROUP                
18-25 17.3 17.4 41.6 44.2 45.2 48.3 12.2 12.4
26 or Older 16.1 16.6 56.5 53.2 60.6 58.4 13.0a 13.9
26-49 18.5 18.8 55.8b 50.0 59.8 55.6 14.3a 15.3
50 or Older 14.1 14.7 57.9 59.5 62.7 65.0 12.0 12.6
SEX                
Male 11.2 11.8 45.0 40.7 47.2 46.5 9.0 9.8
Female 21.1 21.4 56.8 57.2 61.4 61.5 16.8 17.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino 17.6 18.1 54.5 52.8 58.3 57.2 14.1 14.9
AIAN 15.3 12.4 * * * * 13.6 8.9
Asian 6.5 6.0 * 24.8 * 28.2 5.3 4.9
Black or African American 7.7 8.7 35.9 33.6 33.5 41.2 5.7 7.1
NHPI * 2.2 * * * * 3.9 1.7
White 20.6 21.3 58.7 57.6 63.6 61.7 16.8 17.7
Two or More Races 21.5 23.3 50.8 49.8 54.4 52.5 15.6 18.4
Hispanic or Latino 10.3 10.4 42.6 39.9 46.0 46.6 7.4 8.2
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time 15.7 15.9 47.4 48.3 51.5 52.7 12.9 13.3
Part-Time 19.3 19.8 51.7 54.8 57.2 58.2 14.9 15.3
Unemployed 14.3 14.9 45.8a 35.1 49.0 37.3 9.4 12.0
Other3 16.3 16.9 61.6 55.8 63.6 62.6 12.7 13.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.47A – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL 31,274a 33,442 9,844 9,088 7,294 6,884 21,430b 24,354
AGE GROUP                
18-25 5,773 5,620 2,432 2,374 1,879 1,901 3,341 3,246
26 or Older 25,501b 27,823 7,412 6,714 5,415 4,983 18,089b 21,108
26-49 16,698 17,288 5,256 4,674 3,999 3,659 11,442a 12,614
50 or Older 8,803b 10,535 2,156 2,040 1,415 1,323 6,647b 8,495
SEX                
Male 10,953 11,794 3,146 2,761 2,375 2,123 7,807a 9,033
Female 20,321a 21,648 6,699 6,327 4,919 4,761 13,623b 15,322
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino 26,910a 28,711 8,199 7,873 6,096 6,015 18,711b 20,838
AIAN 92 134 * * * * 69 70
Asian 1,098 1,237 201 356 133 * 897 881
Black or African American 2,684 2,864 796 702 522 571 1,889 2,162
NHPI * 31 * * * * * 26
White 22,026 23,363 6,744 6,347 5,029 4,782 15,281a 17,016
Two or More Races 945 1,081 433 398 394 325 512 683
Hispanic or Latino 4,364 4,732 1,645a 1,216 1,198 869 2,719a 3,516
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time 15,098 15,896 4,081 3,817 2,870 2,856 11,017 12,079
Part-Time 5,155 5,122 1,838 1,825 1,390 1,341 3,317 3,297
Unemployed 1,378 1,743 588 482 477 392 790b 1,262
Other3 9,643 10,681 3,337 2,965 2,557 2,294 6,306b 7,717
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.47B – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL 12.1 12.8 45.0 42.4 47.7 47.0 9.1b 10.1
AGE GROUP                
18-25 17.0 16.1 40.9 42.8 42.9 47.4 11.9 11.0
26 or Older 11.4a 12.2 46.5 42.3 49.6 46.8 8.7b 10.0
26-49 16.1 16.3 49.7a 44.4 52.3 49.1 12.3 13.2
50 or Older 7.3b 8.7 40.1 38.2 43.4 41.4 5.8b 7.3
SEX                
Male 8.7 9.2 39.5a 33.7 42.7 37.3 6.6a 7.6
Female 15.4 16.1 48.0 47.9 50.6 53.1 11.5a 12.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                
Not Hispanic or Latino 12.7 13.4 45.2 43.3 48.0 47.9 9.6b 10.6
AIAN 8.3 11.6 * * * * 6.5 6.6
Asian 6.8 7.2 25.8 37.0 22.1 * 5.9 5.5
Black or African American 8.6 9.0 39.4 36.5 38.1 41.5 6.5 7.3
NHPI * 2.7 * * * * * 2.3
White 14.0 14.8 47.0 44.3 50.7 49.2 10.7b 11.8
Two or More Races 18.0 19.9 48.5 47.1 53.7 47.1 11.7 14.9
Hispanic or Latino 9.6 9.9 43.8 37.6 46.3 41.2 6.5a 7.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                
Full-Time 12.5 13.1 41.9 41.6 43.6 45.6 9.9a 10.8
Part-Time 16.3 15.8 48.8 49.2 54.0 53.0 11.9 11.5
Unemployed 12.0 13.5 38.2 30.3 41.0 33.8 8.0a 11.2
Other3 10.3 11.2 48.7 42.7 51.4 48.7 7.3b 8.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.48A – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 257,542 262,291 58,657a 61,506 14,601 14,599 44,056b 46,907 198,885 200,785
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 46,272 46,327 20,440 21,221 6,809 6,882 13,631 14,340 25,832 25,106
DRUGS 25,373 26,480 13,565 14,546 4,935 5,268 8,630 9,278 11,808 11,933
Marijuana 17,941 19,366 9,421 10,251 3,563 3,647 5,858 6,604 8,521 9,116
Cocaine 1,212 1,197 746 828 248 313 498 515 466 369
Heroin 587 486 * * 72a 187 * 160 * *
Hallucinogens 369 350 * * 93 * * * * *
Inhalants 226 269 * * * * * * * *
Methamphetamine 1,761 1,562 1,171 992 458 498 713 494 590 569
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7,292 7,104 4,305 4,569 1,592 1,883 2,713 2,686 2,987 2,535
Pain Relievers 5,027 4,666 2,720 2,845 900 1,130 1,821 1,715 2,307 1,821
Prescription Opioids 4,478 4,334 2,506 2,706 822 1,083 1,685 1,623 1,972 1,627
Stimulants 1,474 1,655 1,073 1,244 465 623 608 621 400 411
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2,116 1,976 1,578 1,475 721 668 857 807 538 501
Tranquilizers 1,659 1,413 1,258 1,149 587 572 671 577 400 264
Sedatives 797 767 608 * 289 206 * * 190 *
Opioids2 4,813 4,555 2,678 2,840 839 1,153 1,839 1,687 2,135 1,715
Central Nervous System Stimulants 4,053 4,056 2,718 2,782 997 1,287 1,721 1,495 1,336 1,274
ALCOHOL 28,103 27,138 11,073 11,156 3,644 3,272 7,430 7,883 17,030 15,982
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 7,204 7,290 4,198 4,481 1,769 1,658 2,429 2,822 3,006 2,809
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 18,169 19,190 9,367 10,066 3,165 3,610 6,201 6,456 8,802 9,124
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 20,899 19,848 6,875 6,675 1,874 1,614 5,001 5,061 14,024 13,173
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 211,270 215,964 38,217 40,284 7,791 7,717 30,426a 32,567 173,053 175,679
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.48B – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 22.8 23.4 5.7 5.6 17.1a 17.9 77.2 76.6
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 100.0 100.0 44.2 45.8 14.7 14.9 29.5 31.0 55.8 54.2
DRUGS 100.0 100.0 53.5 54.9 19.4 19.9 34.0 35.0 46.5 45.1
Marijuana 100.0 100.0 52.5 52.9 19.9 18.8 32.6 34.1 47.5 47.1
Cocaine 100.0 100.0 61.5 69.2 20.4 26.2 41.1 43.0 38.5 30.8
Heroin 100.0 100.0 * * 12.2b 38.5 * 32.9 * *
Hallucinogens 100.0 100.0 * * 25.1 * * * * *
Inhalants 100.0 100.0 * * * * * * * *
Methamphetamine 100.0 100.0 66.5 63.6 26.0 31.9 40.5 31.6 33.5 36.4
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 100.0 100.0 59.0 64.3 21.8 26.5 37.2 37.8 41.0 35.7
Pain Relievers 100.0 100.0 54.1 61.0 17.9 24.2 36.2 36.8 45.9 39.0
Prescription Opioids 100.0 100.0 56.0 62.5 18.4 25.0 37.6 37.5 44.0 37.5
Stimulants 100.0 100.0 72.8 75.2 31.6 37.7 41.3 37.5 27.2 24.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 100.0 100.0 74.6 74.6 34.1 33.8 40.5 40.8 25.4 25.4
Tranquilizers 100.0 100.0 75.9 81.3 35.4 40.5 40.5 40.9 24.1 18.7
Sedatives 100.0 100.0 76.2 * 36.2 26.9 * * 23.8 *
Opioids2 100.0 100.0 55.6 62.4 17.4a 25.3 38.2 37.0 44.4 37.6
Central Nervous System Stimulants 100.0 100.0 67.0 68.6 24.6a 31.7 42.5 36.9 33.0 31.4
ALCOHOL 100.0 100.0 39.4 41.1 13.0 12.1 26.4 29.0 60.6 58.9
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 100.0 100.0 58.3 61.5 24.6 22.7 33.7 38.7 41.7 38.5
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 100.0 100.0 51.6 52.5 17.4 18.8 34.1 33.6 48.4 47.5
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 100.0 100.0 32.9 33.6 9.0 8.1 23.9 25.5 67.1 66.4
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 100.0 100.0 18.1 18.7 3.7 3.6 14.4 15.1 81.9 81.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.49A – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 257,542 262,291 21,899 21,414 15,294 14,656 235,643b 240,877
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 46,272 46,327 8,877 8,883 6,574 6,571 37,395 37,445
DRUGS 25,373 26,480 6,094 6,501 4,636 4,970 19,279 19,978
Marijuana 17,941 19,366 4,301 4,552 3,190 3,405 13,640 14,814
Cocaine 1,212 1,197 317 339 200 261 895 858
Heroin 587 486 60 * 58 * 527 *
Hallucinogens 369 350 127 * 94 * 241 *
Inhalants 226 269 * * * * * *
Methamphetamine 1,761 1,562 505 517 385 435 1,256 1,045
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7,292 7,104 1,979 2,194 1,610 1,701 5,313 4,910
Pain Relievers 5,027 4,666 1,233 1,309 957 952 3,794 3,357
Prescription Opioids 4,478 4,334 1,155 1,248 879 924 3,323 3,085
Stimulants 1,474 1,655 501 639 395 526 973 1,016
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2,116 1,976 877 798 684 649 1,239 1,179
Tranquilizers 1,659 1,413 699 687 549 552 959 726
Sedatives 797 767 * 215 281 201 * 553
Opioids3 4,813 4,555 1,173 1,309 896 963 3,640 3,246
Central Nervous System Stimulants 4,053 4,056 1,146 1,330 835 1,108 2,908 2,726
ALCOHOL 28,103 27,138 4,760 4,515 3,447 3,244 23,343 22,623
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 7,204 7,290 1,977 2,134 1,509 1,644 5,227 5,156
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 18,169 19,190 4,117 4,368 3,126 3,326 14,052 14,822
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 20,899 19,848 2,783 2,381 1,938 1,601 18,115 17,467
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 211,270 215,964 13,022 12,531 8,720 8,085 198,249 203,432
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.49B – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 8.5 8.2 5.9 5.6 91.5 91.8
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 100.0 100.0 19.2 19.2 14.2 14.2 80.8 80.8
DRUGS 100.0 100.0 24.0 24.6 18.3 18.8 76.0 75.4
Marijuana 100.0 100.0 24.0 23.5 17.8 17.6 76.0 76.5
Cocaine 100.0 100.0 26.1 28.3 16.5 21.8 73.9 71.7
Heroin 100.0 100.0 10.2 * 9.8 * 89.8 *
Hallucinogens 100.0 100.0 34.5 * 25.4 * 65.5 *
Inhalants 100.0 100.0 * * * * * *
Methamphetamine 100.0 100.0 28.7 33.1 21.9 27.9 71.3 66.9
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 100.0 100.0 27.1 30.9 22.1 23.9 72.9 69.1
Pain Relievers 100.0 100.0 24.5 28.0 19.0 20.4 75.5 72.0
Prescription Opioids 100.0 100.0 25.8 28.8 19.6 21.3 74.2 71.2
Stimulants 100.0 100.0 34.0 38.6 26.8 31.8 66.0 61.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 100.0 100.0 41.4 40.4 32.4 32.8 58.6 59.6
Tranquilizers 100.0 100.0 42.2 48.6 33.1 39.0 57.8 51.4
Sedatives 100.0 100.0 * 28.0 35.2 26.2 * 72.0
Opioids3 100.0 100.0 24.4 28.7 18.6 21.2 75.6 71.3
Central Nervous System Stimulants 100.0 100.0 28.3 32.8 20.6a 27.3 71.7 67.2
ALCOHOL 100.0 100.0 16.9 16.6 12.3 12.0 83.1 83.4
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 100.0 100.0 27.4 29.3 21.0 22.5 72.6 70.7
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 100.0 100.0 22.7 22.8 17.2 17.3 77.3 77.2
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 100.0 100.0 13.3 12.0 9.3 8.1 86.7 88.0
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 100.0 100.0 6.2 5.8 4.1 3.7 93.8 94.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.50A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 66,721a 69,720 24,856b 27,118 7,584 8,376 17,272a 18,742 41,865 42,602
Marijuana 58,922a 61,500 21,940a 23,773 6,876 7,378 15,064a 16,395 36,982 37,727
Cocaine 4,949a 4,185 2,441 2,267 840 818 1,602 1,449 2,508b 1,918
Crack 993 741 546 458 143 240 403 218 448 283
Heroin 656 546 317 376 77a 181 241 194 339a 170
Hallucinogens 8,408b 10,018 4,212b 5,156 1,577 1,897 2,635b 3,260 4,196a 4,861
LSD 1,554 1,507 875 814 349 309 526 504 679 693
PCP 113 102 35 61 29 11 6a 50 78 41
Ecstasy 2,078 1,956 1,080 948 384 322 696 626 998 1,008
Psilocybin -- 7,579 -- 3,760 -- 1,306 -- 2,455 -- 3,818
Inhalants3 -- 2,189 -- 1,227 -- 457 -- 770 -- 962
Methamphetamine 2,582 2,327 1,436 1,334 564 587 872 747 1,146 993
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 13,651 13,150 6,441 6,290 2,094 2,385 4,346 3,905 7,210 6,860
Pain Relievers 8,008 7,575 3,452 3,416 1,148 1,355 2,304 2,060 4,556 4,159
Prescription Opioids 7,685 7,176 3,313 3,264 1,110 1,327 2,204 1,936 4,372 3,912
Stimulants 3,692 3,696 2,134 2,018 763 821 1,371 1,197 1,558 1,678
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 4,549 4,403 2,609 2,510 915 974 1,695 1,536 1,939 1,893
Tranquilizers 3,874 3,703 2,351 2,170 869 890 1,482 1,280 1,523 1,533
Sedatives 995 857 496 461 100 153 395 308 500 395
Benzodiazepines 3,585 3,253 2,111 1,906 781 768 1,330 1,138 1,474 1,347
Opioids2,4 8,005 7,396 3,431 3,378 1,122 1,383 2,309 1,995 4,573 4,018
Central Nervous System Stimulants 9,374 8,738 4,860 4,621 1,637 1,794 3,224 2,828 4,514 4,116
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 23,985 -- 11,451 -- 4,122 -- 7,330 -- 12,534
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 75,452 74,881 22,910a 24,557 6,686 7,004 16,224a 17,554 52,542 50,324
Tobacco Products6 62,248a 59,842 18,214 19,008 5,372 5,484 12,841 13,524 44,035a 40,833
Cigarettes 47,642 46,323 15,039 15,462 4,635 4,619 10,404 10,843 32,603 30,861
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 9,246 8,980 2,154b 2,926 644 789 1,510b 2,136 7,092a 6,054
Cigars 19,496a 17,878 5,673 6,002 1,788 1,748 3,885 4,253 13,823b 11,876
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 34,528a 36,376 13,590a 15,055 4,516 4,624 9,074b 10,431 20,938 21,321
ALCOHOL 172,890 174,444 41,561 43,684 11,093 10,950 30,469a 32,735 131,329 130,759
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 8,164 7,580 3,542 3,514 1,179 1,402 2,364 2,112 4,622 4,066
Illegally Made Fentanyl 591 630 385 531 167 255 219 276 206a 99
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.50B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 25.9 26.6 42.4 44.1 51.9b 57.4 39.2 40.0 21.0 21.2
Marijuana 22.9 23.4 37.4 38.7 47.1 50.5 34.2 35.0 18.6 18.8
Cocaine 1.9a 1.6 4.2 3.7 5.8 5.6 3.6 3.1 1.3b 1.0
Crack 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.1
Heroin 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.5a 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.2a 0.1
Hallucinogens 3.3b 3.8 7.2a 8.4 10.8 13.0 6.0 6.9 2.1 2.4
LSD 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.3 2.4 2.1 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.3
PCP <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1a 0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.5 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.5
Psilocybin -- 2.9 -- 6.1 -- 8.9 -- 5.2 -- 1.9
Inhalants3 -- 0.8 -- 2.0 -- 3.1 -- 1.6 -- 0.5
Methamphetamine 1.0 0.9 2.4 2.2 3.9 4.0 2.0 1.6 0.6 0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 5.3 5.0 11.0 10.2 14.3 16.3 9.9a 8.3 3.6 3.4
Pain Relievers 3.1 2.9 5.9 5.6 7.9 9.3 5.2 4.4 2.3 2.1
Prescription Opioids 3.0 2.7 5.6 5.3 7.6 9.1 5.0 4.1 2.2 1.9
Stimulants 1.4 1.4 3.6 3.3 5.2 5.6 3.1 2.6 0.8 0.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.8 1.7 4.4 4.1 6.3 6.7 3.8 3.3 1.0 0.9
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.4 4.0 3.5 6.0 6.1 3.4 2.7 0.8 0.8
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2
Benzodiazepines 1.4 1.2 3.6 3.1 5.3 5.3 3.0 2.4 0.7 0.7
Opioids2,4 3.1 2.8 5.8 5.5 7.7 9.5 5.2 4.3 2.3 2.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants 3.6 3.3 8.3 7.5 11.2 12.3 7.3a 6.0 2.3 2.1
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 9.1 -- 18.6 -- 28.2 -- 15.6 -- 6.2
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 29.3 28.5 39.1 39.9 45.8 48.0 36.8 37.4 26.4a 25.1
Tobacco Products6 24.2b 22.8 31.1 30.9 36.8 37.6 29.1 28.8 22.1b 20.3
Cigarettes 18.5a 17.7 25.6 25.1 31.7 31.6 23.6 23.1 16.4a 15.4
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 3.6 3.4 3.7b 4.8 4.4 5.4 3.4a 4.6 3.6a 3.0
Cigars 7.6b 6.8 9.7 9.8 12.2 12.0 8.8 9.1 7.0b 5.9
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 13.4 13.9 23.2 24.5 30.9 31.7 20.6 22.2 10.5 10.6
ALCOHOL 67.1 66.5 70.9 71.0 76.0 75.0 69.2 69.8 66.0 65.1
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 3.2 2.9 6.0 5.7 8.1 9.6 5.4 4.5 2.3 2.0
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.1a <0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.51A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 66,721a 69,720 10,253 11,109 7,572 8,195 56,468 58,611
Marijuana 58,922a 61,500 9,229 9,807 6,772 7,335 49,693 51,693
Cocaine 4,949a 4,185 969 976 688 739 3,980b 3,208
Crack 993 741 143 187 121 164 850 554
Heroin 656 546 66a 173 56 146 590a 373
Hallucinogens 8,408b 10,018 1,850a 2,440 1,462a 1,858 6,557a 7,578
LSD 1,554 1,507 452 381 338 268 1,103 1,126
PCP 113 102 29 11 27 9 84 91
Ecstasy 2,078 1,956 429 389 314 312 1,649 1,567
Psilocybin -- 7,579 -- 1,742 -- 1,288 -- 5,837
Inhalants4 -- 2,189 -- 597 -- 464 -- 1,591
Methamphetamine 2,582 2,327 574 625 440 510 2,007 1,702
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 13,651 13,150 2,613 2,769 2,064 2,115 11,038 10,381
Pain Relievers 8,008 7,575 1,351 1,520 1,047 1,185 6,657 6,055
Prescription Opioids 7,685 7,176 1,302 1,461 1,017 1,163 6,383 5,715
Stimulants 3,692 3,696 949 929 751 658 2,743 2,767
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 4,549 4,403 1,071 1,101 872 870 3,478 3,302
Tranquilizers 3,874 3,703 988 1,007 812 784 2,886 2,696
Sedatives 995 857 184 157 157 148 811 700
Benzodiazepines 3,585 3,253 922 861 761 662 2,663 2,393
Opioids3,5 8,005 7,396 1,308 1,518 1,019 1,211 6,697a 5,877
Central Nervous System Stimulants 9,374 8,738 1,950 2,045 1,447 1,561 7,424 6,693
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 23,985 -- 5,104 -- 3,846 -- 18,881
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 75,452 74,881 8,837 9,362 6,248 6,791 66,615 65,519
Tobacco Products7 62,248a 59,842 6,836 7,229 4,861 5,257 55,412 52,612
Cigarettes 47,642 46,323 5,811 5,922 4,140 4,396 41,831 40,401
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 9,246 8,980 724b 1,143 524b 886 8,522 7,837
Cigars 19,496a 17,878 2,045 2,460 1,433 1,696 17,451b 15,418
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 34,528a 36,376 5,928 6,084 4,114 4,558 28,600 30,292
ALCOHOL 172,890 174,444 16,173 16,027 11,123 11,068 156,718 158,416
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 8,164 7,580 1,337 1,541 1,047 1,233 6,827 6,039
Illegally Made Fentanyl 591 630 155 263 139 208 436 367
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.51B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 25.9 26.6 46.8b 51.9 49.5b 55.9 24.0 24.3
Marijuana 22.9 23.4 42.1a 45.8 44.3b 50.0 21.1 21.5
Cocaine 1.9a 1.6 4.4 4.6 4.5 5.0 1.7b 1.3
Crack 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.2
Heroin 0.3 0.2 0.3a 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.3a 0.2
Hallucinogens 3.3b 3.8 8.4b 11.4 9.6a 12.7 2.8a 3.1
LSD 0.6 0.6 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.8 0.5 0.5
PCP <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 0.8 0.7 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1 0.7 0.7
Psilocybin -- 2.9 -- 8.1 -- 8.8 -- 2.4
Inhalants4 -- 0.8 -- 2.8 -- 3.2 -- 0.7
Methamphetamine 1.0 0.9 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.5 0.9 0.7
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 5.3 5.0 11.9 12.9 13.5 14.4 4.7 4.3
Pain Relievers 3.1 2.9 6.2 7.1 6.8 8.1 2.8 2.5
Prescription Opioids 3.0 2.7 5.9 6.8 6.7 7.9 2.7a 2.4
Stimulants 1.4 1.4 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.5 1.2 1.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.8 1.7 4.9 5.1 5.7 5.9 1.5 1.4
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.4 4.5 4.7 5.3 5.4 1.2 1.1
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.3
Benzodiazepines 1.4 1.2 4.2 4.0 5.0 4.5 1.1 1.0
Opioids3,5 3.1 2.8 6.0 7.1 6.7 8.3 2.8a 2.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants 3.6 3.3 8.9 9.5 9.5 10.7 3.2a 2.8
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 9.1 -- 23.8 -- 26.2 -- 7.8
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 29.3 28.5 40.4a 43.7 40.9b 46.3 28.3a 27.2
Tobacco Products7 24.2b 22.8 31.2 33.8 31.8a 35.9 23.5b 21.8
Cigarettes 18.5a 17.7 26.5 27.7 27.1 30.0 17.8a 16.8
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 3.6 3.4 3.3b 5.3 3.4b 6.0 3.6 3.3
Cigars 7.6b 6.8 9.3a 11.5 9.4 11.6 7.4b 6.4
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 13.4 13.9 27.1 28.4 26.9b 31.1 12.1 12.6
ALCOHOL 67.1 66.5 73.9 74.8 72.7 75.5 66.5 65.8
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 3.2 2.9 6.1 7.2 6.8 8.4 2.9a 2.5
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.2 0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.52A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 13,256 13,299 5,868 6,050 2,067 2,047 3,801 4,003 7,388 7,249
Marijuana 12,435 12,226 5,553 5,534 1,971 1,879 3,583 3,655 6,881 6,692
Cocaine 1,043a 811 563 482 264 197 299 285 480a 329
Crack 67 46 23 38 11 22 12 16 45 8
Heroin 27 51 10a 41 2 23 8 17 17 10
Hallucinogens 2,276 2,364 1,217 1,361 535 493 682a 869 1,059 1,003
LSD 501a 369 286 213 138 79 148 134 215 157
PCP 1a 27 <1a 17 * 3 <1a 14 1 10
Ecstasy 521 405 290 220 117 84 173 137 231 184
Psilocybin -- 1,898 -- 1,097 -- 376 -- 721 -- 801
Inhalants3 -- 690 -- 419 -- 166 -- 253 -- 271
Methamphetamine 108 161 64 112 23 46 40 66 45 49
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2,025 2,019 1,108 1,155 503 459 605 696 918 864
Pain Relievers 841 955 449 486 216 196 233 290 392 469
Prescription Opioids 801 897 430 475 200 194 231 281 370 422
Stimulants 1,066 973 575 618 254 252 321 366 491 355
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 576 571 386 385 160 184 226 201 190 186
Tranquilizers 522 522 356 341 143 167 213 175 167 180
Sedatives 90 76 65 66 31 36 33 30 26 10
Benzodiazepines 480 488 344 313 144 139 200 174 136 175
Opioids2,4 806 925 433 497 200 208 232 288 373 428
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1,895 1,646 981 990 422 385 558 605 915b 656
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 4,501 -- 2,490 -- 913 -- 1,577 -- 2,011
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 13,928 13,746 5,384 5,392 1,849 1,690 3,535 3,702 8,544 8,354
Tobacco Products6 8,794 8,363 3,455 3,458 1,287 1,211 2,168 2,247 5,340 4,905
Cigarettes 6,329 6,201 2,696 2,708 1,046 1,022 1,649 1,685 3,633 3,493
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 1,575b 1,949 484b 751 176 218 307b 533 1,091 1,198
Cigars 3,949 3,784 1,420 1,447 528 506 892 941 2,529 2,337
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 11,558 11,401 4,682 4,744 1,595 1,511 3,087 3,233 6,876 6,657
ALCOHOL 23,179 23,361 8,707 8,782 2,772 2,637 5,935 6,145 14,472 14,579
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 828 976 453 538 201 220 253 317 375 438
Illegally Made Fentanyl 78 99 53 83 9 30 44 53 25 16
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.52B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 39.0 38.1 51.0 52.1 58.7 62.4 47.5 48.1 32.8 31.1
Marijuana 36.5 35.0 48.2 47.7 56.0 57.2 44.8 43.9 30.6 28.7
Cocaine 3.1a 2.3 4.9 4.1 7.5 6.0 3.7 3.4 2.1a 1.4
Crack 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.1 0.1a 0.3 0.1a 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1
Hallucinogens 6.7 6.8 10.6 11.7 15.2 15.0 8.5 10.4 4.7 4.3
LSD 1.5a 1.1 2.5 1.8 3.9 2.4 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.7
PCP <0.1a 0.1 <0.1a 0.1 * 0.1 <0.1a 0.2 <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.9 3.3 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.0 0.8
Psilocybin -- 5.4 -- 9.4 -- 11.5 -- 8.7 -- 3.4
Inhalants3 -- 2.0 -- 3.6 -- 5.1 -- 3.0 -- 1.2
Methamphetamine 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 6.0 5.8 9.6 9.9 14.3 14.0 7.6 8.3 4.1 3.7
Pain Relievers 2.5 2.7 3.9 4.2 6.1 6.0 2.9 3.5 1.7 2.0
Prescription Opioids 2.4 2.6 3.7 4.1 5.7 5.9 2.9 3.4 1.6 1.8
Stimulants 3.1 2.8 5.0 5.3 7.2 7.7 4.0 4.4 2.2a 1.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.7 1.6 3.4 3.3 4.5 5.6 2.8 2.4 0.8 0.8
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.5 3.1 2.9 4.1 5.1 2.7 2.1 0.7 0.8
Sedatives 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 <0.1
Benzodiazepines 1.4 1.4 3.0 2.7 4.1 4.2 2.5 2.1 0.6 0.7
Opioids2,4 2.4 2.6 3.8 4.3 5.7 6.3 2.9 3.5 1.7 1.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants 5.6a 4.7 8.5 8.5 12.0 11.7 7.0 7.3 4.1b 2.8
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 12.9 -- 21.4 -- 27.8 -- 18.9 -- 8.6
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 40.9 39.3 46.8 46.4 52.5 51.5 44.2 44.4 37.9 35.8
Tobacco Products6 25.8a 23.9 30.0 29.8 36.6 36.9 27.1 27.0 23.7b 21.0
Cigarettes 18.6 17.7 23.4 23.3 29.7 31.1 20.6 20.2 16.1 15.0
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4.6a 5.6 4.2b 6.5 5.0 6.6 3.8b 6.4 4.8 5.1
Cigars 11.6 10.8 12.3 12.5 15.0 15.4 11.2 11.3 11.2 10.0
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 34.0 32.6 40.7 40.9 45.3 46.0 38.6 38.8 30.5 28.5
ALCOHOL 68.1 66.8 75.6 75.6 78.8 80.3 74.2 73.8 64.3 62.5
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 2.4 2.8 3.9 4.6 5.7 6.7 3.2 3.8 1.7 1.9
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.53A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 13,256 13,299 3,234 3,157 2,358 2,439 10,022 10,142
Marijuana 12,435 12,226 3,071 2,887 2,212 2,258 9,363 9,339
Cocaine 1,043a 811 335 248 248 179 708 563
Crack 67 46 17 22 13 20 50 25
Heroin 27 51 4 24 4 13 23 27
Hallucinogens 2,276 2,364 708 752 541 574 1,568 1,613
LSD 501a 369 194a 102 131a 68 307 267
PCP 1a 27 * 5 * 3 1a 21
Ecstasy 521 405 165 105 110 87 357 300
Psilocybin -- 1,898 -- 594 -- 457 -- 1,304
Inhalants4 -- 690 -- 254 -- 202 -- 435
Methamphetamine 108 161 31 37 22 26 77 125
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2,025 2,019 654 665 537 531 1,371 1,354
Pain Relievers 841 955 248 290 208 220 593 665
Prescription Opioids 801 897 235 281 195 218 566 616
Stimulants 1,066 973 349 330 283 262 717 643
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 576 571 225 225 179 209 351 346
Tranquilizers 522 522 203 203 163 190 320 319
Sedatives 90 76 42 40 32 36 49 36
Benzodiazepines 480 488 200 169 166 157 280 319
Opioids3,5 806 925 235 297 195 224 571 628
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1,895 1,646 564 500 430 385 1,331 1,147
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 4,501 -- 1,400 -- 1,079 -- 3,101
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 13,928 13,746 2,815 2,691 2,088 1,987 11,113 11,055
Tobacco Products7 8,794 8,363 1,826 1,809 1,343 1,372 6,969 6,554
Cigarettes 6,329 6,201 1,459 1,426 1,083 1,128 4,869 4,775
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 1,575b 1,949 231b 387 160b 300 1,344 1,562
Cigars 3,949 3,784 699 783 517 553 3,250 3,001
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 11,558 11,401 2,446 2,361 1,806 1,742 9,111 9,040
ALCOHOL 23,179 23,361 4,606 4,387 3,358 3,212 18,573 18,974
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 828 976 245 313 204 239 584 663
Illegally Made Fentanyl 78 99 21 28 20 22 57 71
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.53B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 39.0 38.1 54.3 57.0 53.8a 60.8 35.7 34.5
Marijuana 36.5 35.0 51.6 52.1 50.5a 56.3 33.3 31.8
Cocaine 3.1a 2.3 5.6 4.5 5.7 4.5 2.5a 1.9
Crack 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 6.7 6.8 11.9 13.6 12.3 14.3 5.6 5.5
LSD 1.5a 1.1 3.3a 1.8 3.0 1.7 1.1 0.9
PCP <0.1a 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.1 <0.1a 0.1
Ecstasy 1.5 1.2 2.8 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.0
Psilocybin -- 5.4 -- 10.7 -- 11.4 -- 4.4
Inhalants4 -- 2.0 -- 4.6 -- 5.0 -- 1.5
Methamphetamine 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 6.0 5.8 11.0 12.0 12.3 13.2 4.9 4.6
Pain Relievers 2.5 2.7 4.2 5.2 4.7 5.5 2.1 2.3
Prescription Opioids 2.4 2.6 3.9 5.1 4.4 5.4 2.0 2.1
Stimulants 3.1 2.8 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.5 2.6 2.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.7 1.6 3.8 4.1 4.1 5.2 1.2 1.2
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.7 1.1 1.1
Sedatives 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.1
Benzodiazepines 1.4 1.4 3.4 3.0 3.8 3.9 1.0 1.1
Opioids3,5 2.4 2.6 3.9 5.4 4.4 5.6 2.0 2.1
Central Nervous System Stimulants 5.6a 4.7 9.5 9.0 9.8 9.6 4.7 3.9
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 12.9 -- 25.3 -- 26.9 -- 10.5
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 40.9 39.3 47.3 48.6 47.7 49.5 39.6 37.6
Tobacco Products7 25.8a 23.9 30.7 32.6 30.6 34.2 24.8b 22.3
Cigarettes 18.6 17.7 24.5 25.7 24.7 28.1 17.3 16.2
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4.6a 5.6 3.9b 7.0 3.7b 7.5 4.8 5.3
Cigars 11.6 10.8 11.7 14.1 11.8 13.8 11.6a 10.2
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 34.0 32.6 41.1 42.6 41.2 43.4 32.4 30.7
ALCOHOL 68.1 66.8 77.4 79.2 76.6 80.0 66.1 64.5
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 2.4 2.8 4.1 5.6 4.7 6.0 2.1 2.3
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.54A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 53,465a 56,421 18,988b 21,068 5,517a 6,329 13,471a 14,739 34,477 35,353
Marijuana 46,487a 49,274 16,387b 18,239 4,906 5,499 11,481a 12,740 30,101 31,035
Cocaine 3,907 3,374 1,878 1,785 576 621 1,303 1,164 2,028a 1,589
Crack 926 695 523 420 133 218 391 202 403 275
Heroin 629 495 307 335 75 158 233 177 322a 160
Hallucinogens 6,132b 7,653 2,995b 3,795 1,042 1,404 1,953 2,391 3,136a 3,858
LSD 1,053 1,137 589 601 210 230 378 371 464 536
PCP 113 76 35 44 29 8 6 36 77 32
Ecstasy 1,557 1,551 789 728 267 239 523 489 767 824
Psilocybin -- 5,681 -- 2,663 -- 930 -- 1,734 -- 3,017
Inhalants3 -- 1,499 -- 808 -- 291 -- 518 -- 691
Methamphetamine 2,473 2,166 1,372 1,222 540 541 832 681 1,101 944
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 11,625 11,131 5,333 5,135 1,591 1,926 3,742 3,209 6,292 5,996
Pain Relievers 7,167 6,620 3,003 2,929 932 1,159 2,071 1,771 4,164 3,690
Prescription Opioids 6,884 6,279 2,883 2,788 910 1,133 1,973 1,655 4,001 3,490
Stimulants 2,626 2,723 1,559 1,400 509 569 1,050 831 1,067 1,323
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 3,973 3,832 2,223 2,124 755 790 1,468 1,334 1,750 1,708
Tranquilizers 3,351 3,181 1,995 1,828 726 723 1,269 1,105 1,356 1,353
Sedatives 905 781 431 396 69 118 362 278 474 385
Benzodiazepines 3,105 2,766 1,767 1,593 637 629 1,130 964 1,338 1,173
Opioids2,4 7,199 6,471 2,999 2,881 922 1,175 2,077 1,707 4,200 3,589
Central Nervous System Stimulants 7,479 7,092 3,880 3,631 1,214 1,409 2,665 2,223 3,599 3,460
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 19,484 -- 8,961 -- 3,209 -- 5,753 -- 10,523
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 61,523 61,135 17,525a 19,166 4,837 5,314 12,689 13,851 43,998 41,970
Tobacco Products6 53,454 51,479 14,759 15,550 4,085 4,273 10,674 11,277 38,695a 35,929
Cigarettes 41,313 40,122 12,343 12,755 3,588 3,597 8,755 9,157 28,970 27,368
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 7,671 7,031 1,670a 2,175 468 571 1,203a 1,603 6,001b 4,856
Cigars 15,547a 14,094 4,254 4,555 1,261 1,243 2,993 3,312 11,293b 9,539
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 22,971a 24,975 8,908b 10,311 2,921 3,113 5,987b 7,198 14,063 14,664
ALCOHOL 149,711 151,083 32,854a 34,902 8,320 8,312 24,533a 26,590 116,857 116,180
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 7,336 6,604 3,089 2,976 978 1,182 2,111 1,794 4,247 3,628
Illegally Made Fentanyl 513 531 332 448 158 225 175 223 181 83
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.54B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 23.9 24.8 40.3 42.2 49.8a 55.9 37.4 38.2 19.5 19.9
Marijuana 20.8 21.7 34.8 36.6 44.3 48.6 31.8 33.0 17.1 17.5
Cocaine 1.7 1.5 4.0 3.6 5.2 5.5 3.6 3.0 1.2a 0.9
Crack 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.2
Heroin 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.2a 0.1
Hallucinogens 2.7b 3.4 6.4a 7.6 9.4 12.4 5.4 6.2 1.8a 2.2
LSD 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.3
PCP 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.5 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.5
Psilocybin -- 2.5 -- 5.3 -- 8.2 -- 4.5 -- 1.7
Inhalants3 -- 0.7 -- 1.6 -- 2.6 -- 1.3 -- 0.4
Methamphetamine 1.1 1.0 2.9 2.4 4.9 4.8 2.3 1.8 0.6 0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 5.2 4.9 11.3 10.3 14.4 17.0 10.4a 8.3 3.6 3.4
Pain Relievers 3.2 2.9 6.4 5.9 8.4 10.2 5.7 4.6 2.4 2.1
Prescription Opioids 3.1 2.8 6.1 5.6 8.2 10.0 5.5a 4.3 2.3 2.0
Stimulants 1.2 1.2 3.3 2.8 4.6 5.0 2.9 2.2 0.6 0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.8 1.7 4.7 4.3 6.8 7.0 4.1 3.5 1.0 1.0
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.4 4.2 3.7 6.6 6.4 3.5 2.9 0.8 0.8
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2
Benzodiazepines 1.4 1.2 3.7 3.2 5.7 5.6 3.1 2.5 0.8 0.7
Opioids2,4 3.2a 2.8 6.4 5.8 8.3 10.4 5.8a 4.4 2.4 2.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants 3.3 3.1 8.2 7.3 11.0 12.4 7.4a 5.8 2.0 2.0
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 8.6 -- 18.0 -- 28.4 -- 14.9 -- 5.9
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 27.5 26.9 37.2 38.4 43.6 47.0 35.2 35.9 24.9a 23.7
Tobacco Products6 23.9a 22.6 31.3 31.2 36.9 37.8 29.6 29.2 21.9b 20.2
Cigarettes 18.5 17.6 26.2 25.6 32.4 31.8 24.3 23.7 16.4 15.4
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 3.4 3.1 3.5 4.4 4.2 5.0 3.3 4.2 3.4b 2.7
Cigars 7.0b 6.2 9.0 9.1 11.4 11.0 8.3 8.6 6.4b 5.4
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 10.3a 11.0 18.9 20.7 26.4 27.5 16.6a 18.7 8.0 8.3
ALCOHOL 67.0 66.5 69.7 70.0 75.1 73.5 68.0 68.9 66.3 65.5
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 3.3a 2.9 6.6 6.0 8.8 10.4 5.9a 4.7 2.4 2.0
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 <0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.55A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 53,465a 56,421 7,019a 7,952 5,214 5,757 46,446 48,469
Marijuana 46,487a 49,274 6,158 6,920 4,560 5,077 40,329 42,354
Cocaine 3,907 3,374 634 729 440 560 3,272a 2,645
Crack 926 695 125 165 108 144 801 530
Heroin 629 495 62 148 52 133 567a 346
Hallucinogens 6,132b 7,653 1,142a 1,688 921 1,284 4,989a 5,965
LSD 1,053 1,137 257 278 207 200 796 859
PCP 113 76 29 6 27 6 84 70
Ecstasy 1,557 1,551 265 284 204 226 1,292 1,267
Psilocybin -- 5,681 -- 1,148 -- 831 -- 4,533
Inhalants4 -- 1,499 -- 343 -- 262 -- 1,156
Methamphetamine 2,473 2,166 543 589 418 484 1,930 1,577
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 11,625 11,131 1,959 2,104 1,528 1,585 9,666 9,027
Pain Relievers 7,167 6,620 1,103 1,230 839 965 6,065 5,390
Prescription Opioids 6,884 6,279 1,067 1,180 823 945 5,817 5,099
Stimulants 2,626 2,723 600 599 468 396 2,026 2,124
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 3,973 3,832 846 876 693 661 3,127 2,956
Tranquilizers 3,351 3,181 785 804 649 594 2,566 2,377
Sedatives 905 781 142 117 125 112 762 663
Benzodiazepines 3,105 2,766 722 692 595 505 2,383 2,074
Opioids3,5 7,199 6,471 1,073 1,221 824 987 6,126a 5,250
Central Nervous System Stimulants 7,479 7,092 1,385 1,545 1,017 1,176 6,093 5,546
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 19,484 -- 3,705 -- 2,766 -- 15,779
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 61,523 61,135 6,021 6,672 4,159 4,804 55,502 54,463
Tobacco Products7 53,454 51,479 5,011 5,420 3,519 3,885 48,443 46,058
Cigarettes 41,313 40,122 4,352 4,496 3,057 3,269 36,961 35,626
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 7,671 7,031 493a 756 364a 586 7,178 6,275
Cigars 15,547a 14,094 1,346 1,677 916 1,142 14,201b 12,417
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 22,971a 24,975 3,482 3,723 2,308a 2,816 19,489a 21,252
ALCOHOL 149,711 151,083 11,567 11,641 7,765 7,855 138,144 139,442
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 7,336 6,604 1,093 1,228 843 994 6,243a 5,376
Illegally Made Fentanyl 513 531 135 235 118 185 379 296
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.55B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 23.9 24.8 44.0b 50.1 47.8b 54.1 22.4 22.9
Marijuana 20.8 21.7 38.6a 43.6 41.8a 47.7 19.4 20.0
Cocaine 1.7 1.5 4.0 4.6 4.0 5.3 1.6a 1.3
Crack 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.4 0.3
Heroin 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.3 0.3a 0.2
Hallucinogens 2.7b 3.4 7.2b 10.6 8.4a 12.1 2.4a 2.8
LSD 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 0.4 0.4
PCP 0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 0.6 0.6
Psilocybin -- 2.5 -- 7.2 -- 7.8 -- 2.1
Inhalants4 -- 0.7 -- 2.2 -- 2.5 -- 0.5
Methamphetamine 1.1 1.0 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.5 0.9 0.7
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 5.2 4.9 12.3 13.3 14.0 14.9 4.7 4.3
Pain Relievers 3.2 2.9 6.9 7.7 7.7 9.1 2.9a 2.5
Prescription Opioids 3.1 2.8 6.7 7.4 7.5 8.9 2.8a 2.4
Stimulants 1.2 1.2 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.7 1.0 1.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.8 1.7 5.3 5.5 6.3 6.2 1.5 1.4
Tranquilizers 1.5 1.4 4.9 5.1 5.9 5.6 1.2 1.1
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.3
Benzodiazepines 1.4 1.2 4.5 4.4 5.5 4.7 1.1 1.0
Opioids3,5 3.2a 2.8 6.7 7.7 7.6 9.3 3.0a 2.5
Central Nervous System Stimulants 3.3 3.1 8.7 9.7 9.3 11.1 2.9 2.6
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 8.6 -- 23.3 -- 26.0 -- 7.5
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 27.5 26.9 37.8a 42.0 38.1b 45.1 26.7 25.8
Tobacco Products7 23.9a 22.6 31.4 34.1 32.2 36.5 23.3b 21.8
Cigarettes 18.5 17.6 27.3 28.3 28.0 30.7 17.8a 16.8
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 3.4 3.1 3.1a 4.8 3.3a 5.5 3.5a 3.0
Cigars 7.0b 6.2 8.4 10.6 8.4 10.7 6.8b 5.9
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 10.3a 11.0 21.8 23.5 21.2b 26.5 9.4 10.0
ALCOHOL 67.0 66.5 72.5 73.3 71.2 73.8 66.6 65.9
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 3.3a 2.9 6.9 7.7 7.7 9.3 3.0a 2.5
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.2 0.2 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.7 0.2 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.56A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 33,916 34,889 14,408 15,371 4,622 4,724 9,786 10,647 19,508 19,518
Marijuana 30,294 31,043 12,849 13,615 4,167 4,150 8,681 9,465 17,446 17,428
Cocaine 2,778 2,678 1,320 1,401 435 407 885 995 1,457 1,277
Crack 350 361 207 214 75 83 133 131 143 146
Heroin 520a 341 269 245 75 94 195 151 251a 96
Hallucinogens 5,167b 6,402 2,596b 3,245 936 1,097 1,660a 2,147 2,571a 3,157
LSD 917 1,021 492 550 169 211 324 339 425 472
PCP 76 49 3a 34 2 8 1 26 73 16
Ecstasy 1,393 1,376 705 663 267 190 439 473 688 713
Psilocybin -- 4,770 -- 2,348 -- 809 -- 1,539 -- 2,422
Inhalants3 -- 1,194 -- 717 -- 253 -- 464 -- 477
Methamphetamine 1,681 1,431 1,073 899 434 371 640 527 607 532
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7,242 6,650 3,773 3,534 1,286 1,289 2,488 2,245 3,468 3,116
Pain Relievers 4,029 3,676 1,999 1,818 739 699 1,260 1,119 2,031 1,857
Prescription Opioids 3,867 3,468 1,930 1,730 717 675 1,214 1,055 1,937 1,738
Stimulants 2,288 2,296 1,346 1,245 470 488 875 757 942 1,051
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2,561 2,144 1,569 1,495 583 578 986 917 992a 649
Tranquilizers 2,314 1,921 1,431 1,342 555 549 876 792 883a 579
Sedatives 401 341 251 241 69 67 182 174 149 99
Benzodiazepines 2,080a 1,695 1,256 1,186 478 507 779 679 823a 509
Opioids2,4 4,129 3,588 2,039 1,811 729 705 1,310 1,106 2,090 1,777
Central Nervous System Stimulants 5,546 5,409 2,990 2,899 995 1,053 1,995 1,846 2,556 2,510
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 13,135 -- 6,589 -- 2,237 -- 4,353 -- 6,546
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 36,359 36,616 12,260a 13,487 3,760 3,910 8,500a 9,578 24,099 23,129
Tobacco Products6 30,152a 28,598 9,940 10,361 3,086 3,022 6,854 7,339 20,212b 18,237
Cigarettes 23,295b 21,688 8,120 8,241 2,688 2,524 5,432 5,717 15,175b 13,447
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4,499 4,629 1,134b 1,620 346 504 788b 1,116 3,365 3,010
Cigars 10,107a 9,228 3,363 3,435 1,051 989 2,311 2,446 6,744a 5,793
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 17,794b 20,087 7,346b 8,580 2,542 2,673 4,804b 5,908 10,447a 11,507
ALCOHOL 75,867 76,473 23,370 24,392 6,373 6,350 16,997 18,042 52,498 52,081
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 4,225a 3,653 2,103 1,851 769 712 1,334 1,139 2,123 1,803
Illegally Made Fentanyl 407 311 276 246 128 102 148 144 130 64
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.56B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 32.8 33.0 47.6 48.9 56.4 59.6 44.4 45.3 26.6 26.3
Marijuana 29.3 29.3 42.5 43.3 50.8 52.3 39.4 40.2 23.8 23.4
Cocaine 2.7 2.5 4.4 4.5 5.3 5.1 4.0 4.2 2.0 1.7
Crack 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2
Heroin 0.5a 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3a 0.1
Hallucinogens 5.0b 6.1 8.6a 10.3 11.4 13.8 7.5a 9.1 3.5a 4.2
LSD 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.7 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.6
PCP 0.1 <0.1 <0.1a 0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 1.3 1.3 2.3 2.1 3.3 2.4 2.0 2.0 0.9 1.0
Psilocybin -- 4.5 -- 7.5 -- 10.2 -- 6.5 -- 3.3
Inhalants3 -- 1.1 -- 2.3 -- 3.2 -- 2.0 -- 0.6
Methamphetamine 1.6 1.4 3.5 2.9 5.3 4.7 2.9 2.2 0.8 0.7
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7.0a 6.3 12.5 11.2 15.7 16.3 11.3 9.5 4.7 4.2
Pain Relievers 3.9 3.5 6.6 5.8 9.0 8.8 5.7 4.8 2.8 2.5
Prescription Opioids 3.7 3.3 6.4 5.5 8.7 8.5 5.5 4.5 2.6 2.3
Stimulants 2.2 2.2 4.4 4.0 5.7 6.2 4.0 3.2 1.3 1.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2.5a 2.0 5.2 4.8 7.1 7.3 4.5 3.9 1.4b 0.9
Tranquilizers 2.2a 1.8 4.7 4.3 6.8 6.9 4.0 3.4 1.2a 0.8
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.1
Benzodiazepines 2.0a 1.6 4.2 3.8 5.8 6.4 3.5 2.9 1.1b 0.7
Opioids2,4 4.0a 3.4 6.7 5.8 8.9 8.9 5.9 4.7 2.9 2.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants 5.4 5.1 9.9 9.2 12.1 13.3 9.0 7.8 3.5 3.4
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 12.4 -- 20.9 -- 28.2 -- 18.5 -- 8.8
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 35.1 34.6 40.5 42.9 45.8 49.3 38.5 40.7 32.9a 31.1
Tobacco Products6 29.1b 27.0 32.8 32.9 37.6 38.1 31.1 31.2 27.6b 24.5
Cigarettes 22.5b 20.5 26.8 26.2 32.8 31.8 24.6 24.3 20.7b 18.1
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4.3 4.4 3.7b 5.1 4.2a 6.4 3.6a 4.7 4.6 4.0
Cigars 9.8a 8.7 11.1 10.9 12.8 12.5 10.5 10.4 9.2b 7.8
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 17.2b 19.0 24.3b 27.3 31.0 33.7 21.8b 25.1 14.3 15.5
ALCOHOL 73.3 72.3 77.2 77.5 77.7 80.1 77.0 76.7 71.7a 70.0
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 4.1a 3.5 6.9 5.9 9.4 9.0 6.0 4.8 2.9 2.4
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.57A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 33,916 34,889 5,339 5,892 4,046 4,368 28,577 28,996
Marijuana 30,294 31,043 4,777 5,237 3,613 3,858 25,517 25,807
Cocaine 2,778 2,678 506 570 354 417 2,272 2,108
Crack 350 361 72 81 56 75 278 280
Heroin 520a 341 61 85 52 73 459a 256
Hallucinogens 5,167b 6,402 1,019a 1,350 821 1,088 4,148b 5,052
LSD 917 1,021 215 246 165 185 702 775
PCP 76 49 2 6 <1 6 74 43
Ecstasy 1,393 1,376 265 268 204 209 1,128 1,108
Psilocybin -- 4,770 -- 989 -- 784 -- 3,781
Inhalants4 -- 1,194 -- 317 -- 237 -- 876
Methamphetamine 1,681 1,431 460 431 354 341 1,220 999
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7,242 6,650 1,399 1,395 1,099 1,094 5,842 5,254
Pain Relievers 4,029 3,676 762 695 614 513 3,267 2,981
Prescription Opioids 3,867 3,468 744 659 598 494 3,123 2,808
Stimulants 2,288 2,296 506 516 391 394 1,782 1,780
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2,561 2,144 603 638 485 495 1,958a 1,506
Tranquilizers 2,314 1,921 553 608 441 466 1,760a 1,313
Sedatives 401 341 90 64 84 61 311 277
Benzodiazepines 2,080a 1,695 493 547 400 424 1,587a 1,148
Opioids3,5 4,129 3,588 749 690 599 524 3,381 2,898
Central Nervous System Stimulants 5,546 5,409 1,106 1,243 808 973 4,439 4,167
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 13,135 -- 2,674 -- 2,097 -- 10,461
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 36,359 36,616 4,352 4,684 3,133 3,528 32,006 31,932
Tobacco Products7 30,152a 28,598 3,565 3,614 2,608 2,762 26,587 24,984
Cigarettes 23,295b 21,688 3,010 2,945 2,215 2,265 20,285a 18,743
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4,499 4,629 369a 595 258b 484 4,129 4,034
Cigars 10,107a 9,228 1,184 1,184 808 901 8,922 8,044
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 17,794b 20,087 2,911 3,101 2,000 2,380 14,882b 16,986
ALCOHOL 75,867 76,473 8,132 8,452 5,771 5,910 67,735 68,021
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 4,225a 3,653 769 696 618 530 3,457 2,958
Illegally Made Fentanyl 407 311 109 112 104 63 298 198
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.57B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 32.8 33.0 50.5b 55.9 52.9a 58.6 30.8 30.4
Marijuana 29.3 29.3 45.2a 49.7 47.2 51.8 27.5 27.1
Cocaine 2.7 2.5 4.8 5.4 4.6 5.6 2.4 2.2
Crack 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.3
Heroin 0.5a 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.5b 0.3
Hallucinogens 5.0b 6.1 9.6a 12.8 10.7a 14.6 4.5a 5.3
LSD 0.9 1.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.5 0.8 0.8
PCP 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 1.3 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 1.2 1.2
Psilocybin -- 4.5 -- 9.4 -- 10.5 -- 4.0
Inhalants4 -- 1.1 -- 3.0 -- 3.2 -- 0.9
Methamphetamine 1.6 1.4 4.4 4.1 4.6 4.6 1.3 1.0
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7.0a 6.3 13.2 13.2 14.4 14.7 6.3a 5.5
Pain Relievers 3.9 3.5 7.2 6.6 8.0 6.9 3.5 3.1
Prescription Opioids 3.7 3.3 7.0 6.3 7.8 6.6 3.4 2.9
Stimulants 2.2 2.2 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.3 1.9 1.9
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2.5a 2.0 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.6 2.1a 1.6
Tranquilizers 2.2a 1.8 5.2 5.8 5.8 6.3 1.9b 1.4
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.3
Benzodiazepines 2.0a 1.6 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.7 1.7b 1.2
Opioids3,5 4.0a 3.4 7.1 6.5 7.8 7.0 3.6a 3.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants 5.4 5.1 10.5 11.8 10.6 13.1 4.8 4.4
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 12.4 -- 25.4 -- 28.2 -- 11.0
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 35.1 34.6 41.2 44.5 41.0a 47.4 34.4 33.5
Tobacco Products7 29.1b 27.0 33.7 34.3 34.1 37.1 28.6b 26.2
Cigarettes 22.5b 20.5 28.5 28.0 29.0 30.4 21.8b 19.7
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4.3 4.4 3.5a 5.7 3.4b 6.5 4.4 4.2
Cigars 9.8a 8.7 11.2 11.2 10.6 12.1 9.6b 8.4
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 17.2b 19.0 27.6 29.4 26.1a 31.9 16.0b 17.8
ALCOHOL 73.3 72.3 77.0 80.2 75.4 79.3 72.9a 71.4
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 4.1a 3.5 7.3 6.6 8.1 7.1 3.7a 3.1
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.58A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 19,549a 21,532 4,580a 5,697 894b 1,605 3,685 4,092 14,969 15,835
Marijuana 16,193a 18,231 3,538a 4,624 739a 1,349 2,800 3,275 12,655 13,607
Cocaine 1,129a 696 558 384 140 215 418a 169 571 312
Crack 576 334 316 206 58 135 258a 71 260 128
Heroin 109 154 38 90 * 64 38 26 71 64
Hallucinogens 965 1,251 399 550 106 307 294 243 565 701
LSD 136 116 96 51 42 19 55 32 39 65
PCP 36 27 32 11 * * 5 11 5 16
Ecstasy 164 176 84 65 * 48 84 17 80 111
Psilocybin -- 911 -- 315 -- 120 -- 195 -- 596
Inhalants3 -- 305 -- 91 -- 38 -- 54 -- 214
Methamphetamine 793 735 299 323 107 170 192 153 494 412
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 4,383 4,481 1,560 1,601 306 636 1,254 965 2,824 2,880
Pain Relievers 3,138 2,944 1,004 1,111 193 459 811 652 2,134 1,833
Prescription Opioids 3,017 2,811 953 1,059 193 459 760 600 2,064 1,752
Stimulants 338 427 213 155 39 * 174 74 125a 272
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,412 1,688 654 629 172 213 482 417 758 1,059
Tranquilizers 1,037 1,260 564 487 172 174 392 313 473 773
Sedatives 504 440 180 154 <1 50 180 104 324 285
Benzodiazepines 1,025 1,071 510 407 159 122 351 285 515 664
Opioids2,4 3,070 2,883 960 1,070 193 470 767 600 2,110 1,813
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1,933 1,682 889 732 219 356 670 376 1,044 950
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 6,349 -- 2,372 -- 972 -- 1,400 -- 3,977
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 25,165 24,519 5,266 5,678 1,077 1,404 4,189 4,274 19,899 18,841
Tobacco Products6 23,302 22,881 4,819 5,189 999 1,251 3,820 3,939 18,483 17,692
Cigarettes 18,018 18,434 4,223 4,513 900 1,073 3,323 3,440 13,795 13,921
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 3,173a 2,402 536 555 122 67 415 488 2,636a 1,847
Cigars 5,440 4,866 891 1,120 209 253 682 866 4,549 3,746
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 5,177 4,888 1,562 1,731 379 441 1,182 1,290 3,615 3,157
ALCOHOL 73,844 74,610 9,484 10,511 1,948 1,963 7,536 8,548 64,360 64,099
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 3,111 2,951 986 1,126 209 470 777 655 2,124 1,825
Illegally Made Fentanyl 107 220 56a 202 30 123 26 79 51 19
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.58B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS2 16.3a 17.7 27.1 30.9 31.1b 47.4 26.3 27.2 14.5 15.4
Marijuana 13.5a 15.0 21.0 25.1 25.6a 39.8 20.0 21.8 12.3 13.2
Cocaine 0.9a 0.6 3.3 2.1 4.9 6.3 3.0a 1.1 0.6 0.3
Crack 0.5 0.3 1.9 1.1 2.0 4.0 1.8a 0.5 0.3 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 * 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.8 1.0 2.4 3.0 3.7 9.1 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.7
LSD 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 <0.1 0.1
PCP <0.1 <0.1 0.2 0.1 * * <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 * 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1
Psilocybin -- 0.7 -- 1.7 -- 3.5 -- 1.3 -- 0.6
Inhalants3 -- 0.3 -- 0.5 -- 1.1 -- 0.4 -- 0.2
Methamphetamine 0.7 0.6 1.8 1.8 3.7 5.0 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.4
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3.7 3.7 9.2 8.7 10.6 18.8 9.0 6.4 2.7 2.8
Pain Relievers 2.6 2.4 5.9 6.0 6.7 13.6 5.8 4.3 2.1 1.8
Prescription Opioids 2.5 2.3 5.6 5.7 6.7 13.5 5.4 4.0 2.0 1.7
Stimulants 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.8 1.4 * 1.2 0.5 0.1a 0.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.2 1.4 3.9 3.4 6.0 6.3 3.4 2.8 0.7 1.0
Tranquilizers 0.9 1.0 3.3 2.6 6.0 5.1 2.8 2.1 0.5 0.8
Sedatives 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.8 <0.1 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.3
Benzodiazepines 0.9 0.9 3.0 2.2 5.5 3.6 2.5 1.9 0.5 0.6
Opioids2,4 2.6 2.4 5.7 5.8 6.7 13.9 5.5 4.0 2.0 1.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.6 1.4 5.3 4.0 7.6 10.5 4.8a 2.5 1.0 0.9
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana2,3,5 -- 5.2 -- 12.9 -- 28.7 -- 9.3 -- 3.9
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING6 21.0 20.2 31.2 30.8 37.4 41.5 29.9 28.4 19.3 18.3
Tobacco Products6 19.4 18.8 28.6 28.1 34.7 36.9 27.3 26.2 17.9 17.2
Cigarettes 15.0 15.2 25.0 24.5 31.3 31.7 23.7 22.9 13.4 13.5
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 2.6a 2.0 3.2 3.0 4.2 2.0 3.0 3.2 2.6a 1.8
Cigars 4.5 4.0 5.3 6.1 7.3 7.5 4.9 5.8 4.4 3.6
Pipe Tobacco6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 4.3 4.0 9.3 9.4 13.2 13.0 8.4 8.6 3.5 3.1
ALCOHOL 61.5 61.4 56.2 57.0 67.6 58.0 53.8 56.8 62.4 62.2
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 2.6 2.4 5.8 6.1 7.3 13.9 5.6 4.4 2.1 1.8
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 3.6 0.2 0.5 <0.1 <0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
3 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
6 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.59A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 19,549a 21,532 1,680 2,059 1,168 1,388 17,869 19,473
Marijuana 16,193a 18,231 1,380 1,683 946 1,218 14,813a 16,548
Cocaine 1,129a 696 129 159 87 143 1,000a 537
Crack 576 334 53 84 52 69 522a 250
Heroin 109 154 1 64 <1 60 107 90
Hallucinogens 965 1,251 123 339 100 * 842 913
LSD 136 116 42 32 42 * 94 84
PCP 36 27 * * * * 10 27
Ecstasy 164 176 * 17 * 17 164 159
Psilocybin -- 911 -- 159 -- 47 -- 752
Inhalants4 -- 305 -- 25 -- 25 -- 280
Methamphetamine 793 735 83 158 64 143 710 578
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 4,383 4,481 560 708 428 491 3,824 3,773
Pain Relievers 3,138 2,944 341 534 225 452 2,797 2,409
Prescription Opioids 3,017 2,811 323 520 225 452 2,694 2,291
Stimulants 338 427 94 * 77 2 244 344
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,412 1,688 243 238 208 167 1,169 1,451
Tranquilizers 1,037 1,260 232 196 208 128 806 1,064
Sedatives 504 440 * 53 * 50 451 386
Benzodiazepines 1,025 1,071 230 145 195 80 796 926
Opioids3,5 3,070 2,883 324 531 225 463 2,746 2,351
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1,933 1,682 279 302 209 203 1,654 1,380
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 6,349 -- 1,031 -- 669 -- 5,318
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 25,165 24,519 1,669 1,988 1,027 1,275 23,496 22,531
Tobacco Products7 23,302 22,881 1,446 1,807 910 1,124 21,856 21,075
Cigarettes 18,018 18,434 1,342 1,551 842 1,004 16,676 16,883
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 3,173a 2,402 124 161 106 102 3,049a 2,241
Cigars 5,440 4,866 162b 493 107 241 5,279 4,373
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 5,177 4,888 571 622 308 436 4,606 4,266
ALCOHOL 73,844 74,610 3,435 3,188 1,994 1,946 70,409 71,421
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 3,111 2,951 324 532 225 464 2,786 2,418
Illegally Made Fentanyl 107 220 26 122 * 122 81 98
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.59B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS3 16.3a 17.7 31.2 38.6 35.8 43.5 15.6 16.8
Marijuana 13.5a 15.0 25.7 31.5 29.0 38.2 12.9a 14.2
Cocaine 0.9a 0.6 2.4 3.0 2.7 4.5 0.9a 0.5
Crack 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.1 0.5a 0.2
Heroin 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.9 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.8 1.0 2.3 6.3 3.1 * 0.7 0.8
LSD 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.6 1.3 * 0.1 0.1
PCP <0.1 <0.1 * * * * <0.1 <0.1
Ecstasy 0.1 0.1 * 0.3 * 0.5 0.1 0.1
Psilocybin -- 0.7 -- 3.0 -- 1.5 -- 0.6
Inhalants4 -- 0.3 -- 0.5 -- 0.8 -- 0.2
Methamphetamine 0.7 0.6 1.5 3.0 1.9 4.5 0.6 0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3.7 3.7 10.4 13.3 13.1 15.4 3.3 3.2
Pain Relievers 2.6 2.4 6.3 10.0 6.9 14.2 2.4 2.1
Prescription Opioids 2.5 2.3 6.0 9.7 6.9 14.1 2.4 2.0
Stimulants 0.3 0.4 1.7 * 2.4 0.1 0.2 0.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.2 1.4 4.5 4.5 6.4 5.2 1.0 1.2
Tranquilizers 0.9 1.0 4.3 3.7 6.4 4.0 0.7 0.9
Sedatives 0.4 0.4 * 1.0 * 1.6 0.4 0.3
Benzodiazepines 0.9 0.9 4.3 2.7 6.0 2.5 0.7 0.8
Opioids3,5 2.6 2.4 6.0 10.0 6.9 14.5 2.4 2.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.6 1.4 5.2 5.7 6.4 6.4 1.4 1.2
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana3,4,6 -- 5.2 -- 19.3 -- 20.9 -- 4.6
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING7 21.0 20.2 31.0 37.2 31.4 39.9 20.5 19.4
Tobacco Products7 19.4 18.8 26.9 33.8 27.9 35.2 19.1 18.1
Cigarettes 15.0 15.2 24.9 29.1 25.8 31.4 14.5 14.5
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 2.6a 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.7a 1.9
Cigars 4.5 4.0 3.0b 9.2 3.3 7.6 4.6a 3.8
Pipe Tobacco7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 4.3 4.0 10.6 11.7 9.4 13.7 4.0 3.7
ALCOHOL 61.5 61.4 63.9 59.7 61.1 60.9 61.4 61.5
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL 2.6 2.4 6.0 10.0 6.9 14.5 2.4 2.1
Illegally Made Fentanyl 0.1 0.2 0.5 2.3 * 3.8 0.1 0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
4 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
5 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
6 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
7 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.60A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 257,542 262,291 58,657 61,506 14,601 14,599 44,056a 46,907 198,885 200,785
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 46,272 46,327 20,440 21,221 6,809 6,882 13,631 14,340 25,832 25,106
DRUGS 25,373 26,480 13,565 14,546 4,935 5,268 8,630 9,278 11,808 11,933
Marijuana 17,941a 19,366 9,421 10,251 3,563 3,647 5,858 6,604 8,521 9,116
Cocaine 1,212 1,197 746 828 248 313 498 515 466 369
Heroin 587 486 325 348 72a 187 254 160 262 139
Hallucinogens 369 350 261 268 93 87 169 180 107 83
Inhalants 226 269 150 197 56 83 94 114 77 72
Methamphetamine 1,761 1,562 1,171 992 458 498 713 494 590 569
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7,292 7,104 4,305 4,569 1,592 1,883 2,713 2,686 2,987 2,535
Pain Relievers 5,027 4,666 2,720 2,845 900 1,130 1,821 1,715 2,307 1,821
Prescription Opioids 4,478 4,334 2,506 2,706 822 1,083 1,685 1,623 1,972 1,627
Stimulants 1,474 1,655 1,073 1,244 465 623 608 621 400 411
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2,116 1,976 1,578 1,475 721 668 857 807 538 501
Tranquilizers 1,659 1,413 1,258 1,149 587 572 671 577 400 264
Sedatives 797 767 608 505 289 206 319 299 190 263
Opioids2 4,813 4,555 2,678 2,840 839 1,153 1,839 1,687 2,135 1,715
Central Nervous System Stimulants 4,053 4,056 2,718 2,782 997 1,287 1,721 1,495 1,336 1,274
ALCOHOL 28,103 27,138 11,073 11,156 3,644 3,272 7,430 7,883 17,030 15,982
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 7,204 7,290 4,198 4,481 1,769 1,658 2,429 2,822 3,006 2,809
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 18,169 19,190 9,367 10,066 3,165 3,610 6,201 6,456 8,802 9,124
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 20,899 19,848 6,875 6,675 1,874 1,614 5,001 5,061 14,024 13,173
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 211,270b 215,964 38,217 40,284 7,791 7,717 30,426a 32,567 173,053 175,679
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.60B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 18.0 17.7 34.8 34.5 46.6 47.1 30.9 30.6 13.0 12.5
DRUGS 9.9 10.1 23.1 23.7 33.8 36.1 19.6 19.8 5.9 5.9
Marijuana 7.0 7.4 16.1 16.7 24.4 25.0 13.3 14.1 4.3 4.5
Cocaine 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.2
Heroin 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5a 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 <0.1
Inhalants 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.1
Methamphetamine 0.7 0.6 2.0 1.6 3.1 3.4 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.3
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.8 2.7 7.3 7.4 10.9 12.9 6.2 5.7 1.5 1.3
Pain Relievers 2.0 1.8 4.6 4.6 6.2 7.7 4.1 3.7 1.2 0.9
Prescription Opioids 1.7 1.7 4.3 4.4 5.6 7.4 3.8 3.5 1.0 0.8
Stimulants 0.6 0.6 1.8 2.0 3.2 4.3 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.8 0.8 2.7 2.4 4.9 4.6 1.9 1.7 0.3 0.2
Tranquilizers 0.6 0.5 2.1 1.9 4.0 3.9 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.1
Sedatives 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.1
Opioids2 1.9 1.7 4.6 4.6 5.7 7.9 4.2 3.6 1.1 0.9
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.6 1.5 4.6 4.5 6.8 8.8 3.9 3.2 0.7 0.6
ALCOHOL 10.9 10.3 18.9 18.1 25.0 22.4 16.9 16.8 8.6 8.0
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 2.8 2.8 7.2 7.3 12.1 11.4 5.5 6.0 1.5 1.4
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 7.1 7.3 16.0 16.4 21.7 24.7 14.1 13.8 4.4 4.5
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 8.1a 7.6 11.7 10.9 12.8 11.1 11.4 10.8 7.1 6.6
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 82.0 82.3 65.2 65.5 53.4 52.9 69.1 69.4 87.0 87.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.61A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 257,542 262,291 21,899 21,414 15,294 14,656 235,643 240,877
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 46,272 46,327 8,877 8,883 6,574 6,571 37,395 37,445
DRUGS 25,373 26,480 6,094 6,501 4,636 4,970 19,279 19,978
Marijuana 17,941a 19,366 4,301 4,552 3,190 3,405 13,640 14,814
Cocaine 1,212 1,197 317 339 200 261 895 858
Heroin 587 486 60a 180 58 143 527a 306
Hallucinogens 369 350 127 120 94 113 241 230
Inhalants 226 269 62 89 52 85 164 180
Methamphetamine 1,761 1,562 505 517 385 435 1,256 1,045
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 7,292 7,104 1,979 2,194 1,610 1,701 5,313 4,910
Pain Relievers 5,027 4,666 1,233 1,309 957 952 3,794 3,357
Prescription Opioids 4,478 4,334 1,155 1,248 879 924 3,323 3,085
Stimulants 1,474 1,655 501 639 395 526 973 1,016
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 2,116 1,976 877 798 684 649 1,239 1,179
Tranquilizers 1,659 1,413 699 687 549 552 959 726
Sedatives 797 767 402a 215 281 201 396 553
Opioids3 4,813 4,555 1,173 1,309 896 963 3,640 3,246
Central Nervous System Stimulants 4,053 4,056 1,146 1,330 835 1,108 2,908 2,726
ALCOHOL 28,103 27,138 4,760 4,515 3,447 3,244 23,343 22,623
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 7,204 7,290 1,977 2,134 1,509 1,644 5,227 5,156
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 18,169 19,190 4,117 4,368 3,126 3,326 14,052 14,822
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 20,899 19,848 2,783 2,381 1,938 1,601 18,115 17,467
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 211,270b 215,964 13,022 12,531 8,720 8,085 198,249 203,432
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.61B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 18.0 17.7 40.5 41.5 43.0 44.8 15.9 15.5
DRUGS 9.9 10.1 27.8 30.4 30.3 33.9 8.2 8.3
Marijuana 7.0 7.4 19.6 21.3 20.9 23.2 5.8 6.2
Cocaine 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.8 0.4 0.4
Heroin 0.2 0.2 0.3a 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.2a 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1
Methamphetamine 0.7 0.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.0 0.5 0.4
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.8 2.7 9.0 10.2 10.5 11.6 2.3 2.0
Pain Relievers 2.0 1.8 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.5 1.6 1.4
Prescription Opioids 1.7 1.7 5.3 5.8 5.7 6.3 1.4 1.3
Stimulants 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.0 2.6 3.6 0.4 0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.8 0.8 4.0 3.7 4.5 4.4 0.5 0.5
Tranquilizers 0.6 0.5 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.8 0.4a 0.3
Sedatives 0.3 0.3 1.8a 1.0 1.8 1.4 0.2 0.2
Opioids3 1.9 1.7 5.4 6.1 5.9 6.6 1.5 1.3
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.6 1.5 5.2 6.2 5.5a 7.6 1.2 1.1
ALCOHOL 10.9 10.3 21.7 21.1 22.5 22.1 9.9 9.4
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 2.8 2.8 9.0 10.0 9.9 11.2 2.2 2.1
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 7.1 7.3 18.8 20.4 20.4 22.7 6.0 6.2
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 8.1a 7.6 12.7 11.1 12.7 10.9 7.7 7.3
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 82.0 82.3 59.5 58.5 57.0 55.2 84.1 84.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.62A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 34,033 34,946 11,515 11,613 3,519 3,282 7,996 8,331 22,519 23,333
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 9,228 9,056 4,791 4,650 1,828 1,696 2,963 2,953 4,437 4,406
DRUGS 6,113 6,210 3,450 3,574 1,398 1,340 2,051 2,234 2,663 2,636
Marijuana 5,634 5,536 3,131 3,095 1,275 1,129 1,856 1,966 2,503 2,441
Cocaine 189 280 122a 213 64 89 58a 124 67 67
Heroin 17 33 4b 30 1a 16 3 13 13 3
Hallucinogens 132 102 105 79 51 37 54 42 27 23
Inhalants 39 82 34 75 19 30 15 45 5 7
Methamphetamine 71 96 52 78 20 35 31 43 20 18
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 769 805 531 615 231 316 300 299 237 190
Pain Relievers 392 341 256 252 94 126 162 126 136 89
Prescription Opioids 343 314 221 245 88 118 133 126 123 69
Stimulants 315 411 254 321 119a 194 135 128 62 90
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 222 239 151 212 80 123 71 89 71 27
Tranquilizers 162 194 108 171 53 104 55 66 53 23
Sedatives 77 90 58 86 39 52 20 34 19 4
Opioids2 347 335 221 263 88 127 133 135 126 72
Central Nervous System Stimulants 525b 722 387a 553 172a 269 215 284 138 169
ALCOHOL 5,123 5,029 2,644 2,408 1,051 883 1,592 1,525 2,479 2,621
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 2,008 2,183 1,303 1,333 622 526 681 806 705 851
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 4,105 4,027 2,147 2,242 777 814 1,370 1,428 1,958 1,785
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 3,115 2,846 1,341a 1,076 430 356 911 719 1,774 1,770
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 24,805b 25,890 6,724 6,963 1,691 1,586 5,033 5,377 18,081 18,927
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.62B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 27.1 25.9 41.6 40.0 52.0 51.7 37.1 35.5 19.7 18.9
DRUGS 18.0 17.8 30.0 30.8 39.7 40.8 25.7 26.8 11.8 11.3
Marijuana 16.6 15.8 27.2 26.7 36.2 34.4 23.2 23.6 11.1 10.5
Cocaine 0.6 0.8 1.1a 1.8 1.8 2.7 0.7a 1.5 0.3 0.3
Heroin <0.1 0.1 <0.1b 0.3 <0.1a 0.5 <0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1
Hallucinogens 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.5 <0.1 <0.1
Methamphetamine 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.3 2.3 4.6 5.3 6.6a 9.6 3.8 3.6 1.1 0.8
Pain Relievers 1.2 1.0 2.2 2.2 2.7 3.8 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.4
Prescription Opioids 1.0 0.9 1.9 2.1 2.5 3.6 1.7 1.5 0.5a 0.3
Stimulants 0.9 1.2 2.2 2.8 3.4a 5.9 1.7 1.5 0.3 0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.8 2.3 3.8 0.9 1.1 0.3a 0.1
Tranquilizers 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.5a 3.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.1
Sedatives 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 <0.1
Opioids2 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.9 1.7 1.6 0.6a 0.3
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.5a 2.1 3.4a 4.8 4.9a 8.2 2.7 3.4 0.6 0.7
ALCOHOL 15.1 14.4 23.0 20.7 29.9 26.9 19.9 18.3 11.0 11.2
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 5.9 6.2 11.3 11.5 17.7 16.0 8.5 9.7 3.1 3.6
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 12.1 11.5 18.6 19.3 22.1 24.8 17.1 17.1 8.7 7.7
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 9.2a 8.1 11.6b 9.3 12.2 10.9 11.4a 8.6 7.9 7.6
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 72.9 74.1 58.4 60.0 48.0 48.3 62.9 64.5 80.3 81.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.63A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 34,033 34,946 5,953 5,541 4,381 4,014 28,080 29,405
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 9,228 9,056 2,682 2,509 1,960 1,959 6,546 6,547
DRUGS 6,113 6,210 1,942 1,965 1,421 1,546 4,171 4,246
Marijuana 5,634 5,536 1,788 1,680 1,288 1,312 3,846 3,856
Cocaine 189 280 78 102 67 76 111 177
Heroin 17 33 1a 15 1 8 16 18
Hallucinogens 132 102 69 48 50 46 62 54
Inhalants 39 82 26 48 23 45 13 34
Methamphetamine 71 96 27 33 19 24 44 63
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 769 805 279a 408 230a 341 490 396
Pain Relievers 392 341 116 168 93 130 276a 174
Prescription Opioids 343 314 108 154 85 123 235 160
Stimulants 315 411 140 212 129 184 175 199
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 222 239 101 150 79a 141 121 89
Tranquilizers 162 194 64a 128 47b 119 98 65
Sedatives 77 90 48 58 39 58 30 32
Opioids3 347 335 108 165 85 127 239 170
Central Nervous System Stimulants 525b 722 212 305 182 255 312 417
ALCOHOL 5,123 5,029 1,529 1,316 1,128 991 3,594 3,714
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 2,008 2,183 789 771 590 579 1,219 1,412
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 4,105 4,027 1,153 1,193 831 968 2,952 2,834
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 3,115 2,846 740a 544 539 413 2,376 2,302
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 24,805b 25,890 3,272 3,032 2,421a 2,055 21,533 22,857
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.63B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 27.1 25.9 45.0 45.3 44.7 48.8 23.3 22.3
DRUGS 18.0 17.8 32.6 35.5 32.4a 38.5 14.9 14.4
Marijuana 16.6 15.8 30.0 30.3 29.4 32.7 13.7 13.1
Cocaine 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.9 0.4 0.6
Heroin <0.1 0.1 <0.1a 0.3 <0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.2
Inhalants 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.1 <0.1 0.1
Methamphetamine 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.3 2.3 4.7b 7.4 5.2b 8.5 1.7 1.3
Pain Relievers 1.2 1.0 1.9 3.0 2.1 3.2 1.0a 0.6
Prescription Opioids 1.0 0.9 1.8 2.8 1.9 3.1 0.8 0.5
Stimulants 0.9 1.2 2.4a 3.8 2.9 4.6 0.6 0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.7 0.7 1.7 2.7 1.8a 3.5 0.4 0.3
Tranquilizers 0.5 0.6 1.1a 2.3 1.1b 3.0 0.3 0.2
Sedatives 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.1
Opioids3 1.0 1.0 1.8 3.0 1.9 3.2 0.9 0.6
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.5a 2.1 3.6a 5.5 4.2 6.3 1.1 1.4
ALCOHOL 15.1 14.4 25.7 23.7 25.8 24.7 12.8 12.6
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 5.9 6.2 13.2 13.9 13.5 14.4 4.3 4.8
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 12.1 11.5 19.4 21.5 19.0a 24.1 10.5 9.6
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 9.2a 8.1 12.4a 9.8 12.3 10.3 8.5 7.8
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 72.9 74.1 55.0 54.7 55.3 51.2 76.7 77.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.64A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 223,509 227,345 47,142a 49,893 11,082 11,317 36,061a 38,576 176,367 177,452
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 37,044 37,271 15,649 16,572 4,981 5,186 10,668 11,386 21,394 20,699
DRUGS 19,260 20,269 10,115 10,972 3,536 3,928 6,579 7,044 9,145 9,297
Marijuana 12,308a 13,830 6,290 7,156 2,288 2,518 4,002 4,638 6,018 6,674
Cocaine 1,023 917 624 615 184 224 440 391 399 302
Heroin 570 453 321 318 70a 171 251 147 249 135
Hallucinogens 237 248 156 189 41 50 115 138 81 59
Inhalants 187 187 115 122 37 53 79 69 71 65
Methamphetamine 1,690 1,465 1,120 914 437 463 682 451 570 551
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 6,523 6,300 3,774 3,954 1,360 1,567 2,413 2,387 2,749 2,346
Pain Relievers 4,636 4,325 2,464 2,593 806 1,004 1,659 1,589 2,171 1,732
Prescription Opioids 4,135 4,020 2,286 2,462 734 965 1,552 1,497 1,849 1,558
Stimulants 1,158 1,243 820 923 346 430 473 493 339 320
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,894 1,737 1,427 1,263 641 545 786 718 467 475
Tranquilizers 1,497 1,219 1,150 979 534 467 616 511 347 241
Sedatives 720 677 549 419 250 154 299 265 171 259
Opioids2 4,466 4,220 2,457 2,577 751 1,025 1,706 1,552 2,009 1,643
Central Nervous System Stimulants 3,529 3,334 2,331 2,229 825 1,018 1,506 1,210 1,198 1,105
ALCOHOL 22,980 22,108 8,430 8,748 2,592 2,390 5,837 6,358 14,550 13,361
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 5,197 5,106 2,896 3,148 1,148 1,132 1,748 2,016 2,301 1,959
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 14,064 15,163 7,220 7,824 2,389 2,796 4,831 5,028 6,844 7,339
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 17,784 17,002 5,534 5,600 1,445 1,258 4,089 4,342 12,249 11,402
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 186,465b 190,074 31,493 33,321 6,101 6,131 25,392 27,190 154,972 156,753
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.64B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 16.6 16.4 33.2 33.2 44.9 45.8 29.6 29.5 12.1 11.7
DRUGS 8.6 8.9 21.5 22.0 31.9 34.7 18.2 18.3 5.2 5.2
Marijuana 5.5a 6.1 13.3 14.3 20.6 22.2 11.1 12.0 3.4 3.8
Cocaine 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.2
Heroin 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6a 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.1
Inhalants 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.1
Methamphetamine 0.8 0.6 2.4 1.8 3.9 4.1 1.9a 1.2 0.3 0.3
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.9 2.8 8.0 7.9 12.3 13.8 6.7 6.2 1.6 1.3
Pain Relievers 2.1 1.9 5.2 5.2 7.3 8.9 4.6 4.1 1.2 1.0
Prescription Opioids 1.9 1.8 4.8 4.9 6.6 8.5 4.3 3.9 1.0 0.9
Stimulants 0.5 0.5 1.7 1.9 3.1 3.8 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.8 0.8 3.0 2.5 5.8 4.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.3
Tranquilizers 0.7 0.5 2.4 2.0 4.8 4.1 1.7 1.3 0.2 0.1
Sedatives 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.8 2.3 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1
Opioids2 2.0 1.9 5.2 5.2 6.8 9.1 4.7 4.0 1.1 0.9
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.6 1.5 4.9 4.5 7.4 9.0 4.2a 3.1 0.7 0.6
ALCOHOL 10.3 9.7 17.9 17.5 23.4 21.1 16.2 16.5 8.3a 7.5
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 2.3 2.2 6.1 6.3 10.4 10.0 4.8 5.2 1.3 1.1
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 6.3 6.7 15.3 15.7 21.6 24.7 13.4 13.0 3.9 4.1
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 8.0 7.5 11.7 11.2 13.0 11.1 11.3 11.3 6.9 6.4
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 83.4 83.6 66.8 66.8 55.1 54.2 70.4 70.5 87.9 88.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.65A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 223,509 227,345 15,946 15,873 10,913 10,642 207,563 211,472
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 37,044 37,271 6,196 6,374 4,614 4,611 30,848 30,897
DRUGS 19,260 20,269 4,152 4,537 3,215 3,423 15,108 15,732
Marijuana 12,308a 13,830 2,514 2,872 1,902 2,094 9,794a 10,958
Cocaine 1,023 917 239 237 133 185 784 681
Heroin 570 453 59a 165 56 135 511a 288
Hallucinogens 237 248 58 71 44 67 179 177
Inhalants 187 187 35 41 29 39 151 145
Methamphetamine 1,690 1,465 478 483 367 411 1,212 982
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 6,523 6,300 1,700 1,786 1,380 1,361 4,823 4,514
Pain Relievers 4,636 4,325 1,117 1,141 864 822 3,519 3,184
Prescription Opioids 4,135 4,020 1,047 1,095 794 802 3,088 2,925
Stimulants 1,158 1,243 361 426 266 342 797 817
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,894 1,737 776 647 605 507 1,118 1,090
Tranquilizers 1,497 1,219 636 558 502 432 861 661
Sedatives 720 677 354a 156 242 143 366 521
Opioids3 4,466 4,220 1,065 1,145 811 837 3,401 3,076
Central Nervous System Stimulants 3,529 3,334 933 1,025 653 853 2,596 2,309
ALCOHOL 22,980 22,108 3,232 3,199 2,319 2,253 19,748 18,909
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 5,197 5,106 1,188 1,362 920 1,065 4,008 3,744
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 14,064 15,163 2,964 3,174 2,295 2,358 11,100 11,988
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 17,784 17,002 2,044 1,837 1,399 1,188 15,740 15,165
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 186,465b 190,074 9,750 9,499 6,299 6,030 176,715 180,575
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.65B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 16.6 16.4 38.9 40.2 42.3 43.3 14.9 14.6
DRUGS 8.6 8.9 26.0 28.6 29.5 32.2 7.3 7.4
Marijuana 5.5a 6.1 15.8 18.1 17.4 19.7 4.7 5.2
Cocaine 0.5 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.3
Heroin 0.3 0.2 0.4a 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.2a 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1
Methamphetamine 0.8 0.6 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.9 0.6 0.5
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.9 2.8 10.7 11.3 12.6 12.8 2.3 2.1
Pain Relievers 2.1 1.9 7.0 7.2 7.9 7.7 1.7 1.5
Prescription Opioids 1.9 1.8 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.5 1.5 1.4
Stimulants 0.5 0.5 2.3 2.7 2.4 3.2 0.4 0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.8 0.8 4.9 4.1 5.5 4.8 0.5 0.5
Tranquilizers 0.7 0.5 4.0 3.5 4.6 4.1 0.4 0.3
Sedatives 0.3 0.3 2.2a 1.0 2.2 1.3 0.2 0.2
Opioids3 2.0 1.9 6.7 7.2 7.4 7.9 1.6 1.5
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1.6 1.5 5.9 6.5 6.0 8.0 1.3 1.1
ALCOHOL 10.3 9.7 20.3 20.2 21.3 21.2 9.5 8.9
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 2.3 2.2 7.5 8.6 8.4 10.0 1.9 1.8
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 6.3 6.7 18.6 20.0 21.0 22.2 5.3 5.7
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 8.0 7.5 12.8 11.6 12.8 11.2 7.6 7.2
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 83.4 83.6 61.1 59.8 57.7 56.7 85.1 85.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.66A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 103,497 105,804 30,264 31,456 8,202 7,930 22,061a 23,525 73,233 74,348
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 23,295 23,469 11,331 11,962 4,062 3,848 7,268a 8,114 11,965 11,508
DRUGS 12,559 13,498 7,217 7,940 2,846 2,863 4,370a 5,076 5,343 5,559
Marijuana 9,184b 10,453 5,019a 5,857 1,910 1,974 3,109b 3,883 4,164 4,596
Cocaine 610 677 381 443 120 126 261 317 229 234
Heroin 417 325 268 242 70 107 198 135 149 82
Hallucinogens 214 245 134 186 41 49 92 137 81 59
Inhalants 142 170 102 106 37 48 65 58 40 64
Methamphetamine 1,248 954 939a 640 391 288 547 352 309 314
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3,238 3,042 2,241 2,227 1,032 1,012 1,210 1,216 997 814
Pain Relievers 1,938 1,740 1,257 1,226 601 537 657 689 681 514
Prescription Opioids 1,777 1,644 1,153 1,150 552 504 601 646 624 494
Stimulants 918 1,058 682 824 301 387 381 437 236 234
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,021 873 875 737 475 399 400 338 146 135
Tranquilizers 868 702 761 608 404 350 357 258 108 95
Sedatives 373 267 310 209 203a 95 107 114 63 58
Opioids2 2,054 1,818 1,290 1,258 569 557 721 701 764 560
Central Nervous System Stimulants 2,538 2,488 1,786 1,733 675 741 1,112 991 752 755
ALCOHOL 14,585 13,768 6,315 6,493 2,140 1,825 4,175 4,668 8,270a 7,275
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 3,849 3,797 2,201 2,471 924 841 1,278a 1,631 1,648 1,326
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 8,710a 9,701 5,015 5,468 1,923 2,023 3,093 3,446 3,695 4,233
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 10,736 9,971 4,114 4,022 1,216 984 2,898 3,038 6,622 5,949
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 80,202b 82,335 18,933 19,494 4,140 4,083 14,793 15,411 61,269 62,841
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.66B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 22.5 22.2 37.4 38.0 49.5 48.5 32.9 34.5 16.3 15.5
DRUGS 12.1 12.8 23.8 25.2 34.7 36.1 19.8 21.6 7.3 7.5
Marijuana 8.9a 9.9 16.6a 18.6 23.3 24.9 14.1a 16.5 5.7 6.2
Cocaine 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.3
Heroin 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.1
Hallucinogens 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Methamphetamine 1.2a 0.9 3.1a 2.0 4.8 3.6 2.5a 1.5 0.4 0.4
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3.1 2.9 7.4 7.1 12.6 12.8 5.5 5.2 1.4 1.1
Pain Relievers 1.9 1.6 4.2 3.9 7.3 6.8 3.0 2.9 0.9 0.7
Prescription Opioids 1.7 1.6 3.8 3.7 6.7 6.4 2.7 2.7 0.9 0.7
Stimulants 0.9 1.0 2.3 2.6 3.7 4.9 1.7 1.9 0.3 0.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.0 0.8 2.9 2.3 5.8 5.0 1.8 1.4 0.2 0.2
Tranquilizers 0.8 0.7 2.5 1.9 4.9 4.4 1.6 1.1 0.1 0.1
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.7 2.5 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1
Opioids2 2.0 1.7 4.3 4.0 6.9 7.0 3.3 3.0 1.0 0.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants 2.5 2.4 5.9 5.5 8.2 9.3 5.0 4.2 1.0 1.0
ALCOHOL 14.1a 13.0 20.9 20.6 26.1 23.0 18.9 19.8 11.3b 9.8
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 3.7 3.6 7.3 7.9 11.3 10.6 5.8 6.9 2.2a 1.8
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 8.4 9.2 16.6 17.4 23.4 25.5 14.0 14.6 5.0 5.7
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 10.4a 9.4 13.6 12.8 14.8 12.4 13.1 12.9 9.0a 8.0
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 77.5 77.8 62.6 62.0 50.5 51.5 67.1 65.5 83.7 84.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.67A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 103,497 105,804 10,567 10,534 7,649 7,448 92,931 95,270
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 23,295 23,469 4,507 4,680 3,440 3,483 18,789 18,790
DRUGS 12,559 13,498 3,054 3,405 2,395 2,655 9,505 10,094
Marijuana 9,184b 10,453 2,026 2,379 1,531 1,799 7,158a 8,074
Cocaine 610 677 138 190 74 142 472 487
Heroin 417 325 59 102 56 75 359 223
Hallucinogens 214 245 58 70 44 66 157 175
Inhalants 142 170 35 41 29 39 106 129
Methamphetamine 1,248 954 412 315 320 255 836 638
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3,238 3,042 1,112 1,055 936 871 2,127 1,986
Pain Relievers 1,938 1,740 668 520 555 437 1,270 1,221
Prescription Opioids 1,777 1,644 622 474 509 417 1,154 1,170
Stimulants 918 1,058 304 382 239 298 614 676
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1,021 873 520 430 433 364 501 443
Tranquilizers 868 702 444 369 367 312 424 333
Sedatives 373 267 230a 105 187 96 143 162
Opioids3 2,054 1,818 640 516 526 448 1,414 1,302
Central Nervous System Stimulants 2,538 2,488 723 805 526 649 1,815 1,683
ALCOHOL 14,585 13,768 2,386 2,417 1,753 1,727 12,199 11,351
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 3,849 3,797 933 1,142 708 898 2,916 2,655
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 8,710a 9,701 2,121 2,263 1,687 1,757 6,589a 7,438
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 10,736 9,971 1,453 1,275 1,045 829 9,283 8,696
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 80,202b 82,335 6,060 5,854 4,209 3,965 74,142 76,480
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.67B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 22.5 22.2 42.7 44.4 45.0 46.8 20.2 19.7
DRUGS 12.1 12.8 28.9 32.3 31.3 35.6 10.2 10.6
Marijuana 8.9a 9.9 19.2 22.6 20.0 24.2 7.7 8.5
Cocaine 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.9 0.5 0.5
Heroin 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.4a 0.2
Hallucinogens 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.2
Inhalants 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1
Methamphetamine 1.2a 0.9 3.9 3.0 4.2 3.4 0.9 0.7
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3.1 2.9 10.5 10.0 12.2 11.7 2.3 2.1
Pain Relievers 1.9 1.6 6.3 4.9 7.3 5.9 1.4 1.3
Prescription Opioids 1.7 1.6 5.9 4.5 6.7 5.6 1.2 1.2
Stimulants 0.9 1.0 2.9 3.6 3.1 4.0 0.7 0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 1.0 0.8 4.9 4.1 5.7 4.9 0.5 0.5
Tranquilizers 0.8 0.7 4.2 3.5 4.8 4.2 0.5 0.3
Sedatives 0.4 0.3 2.2a 1.0 2.4 1.3 0.2 0.2
Opioids3 2.0 1.7 6.1 4.9 6.9 6.0 1.5 1.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants 2.5 2.4 6.8 7.6 6.9 8.7 2.0 1.8
ALCOHOL 14.1a 13.0 22.6 22.9 22.9 23.2 13.1a 11.9
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 3.7 3.6 8.8 10.8 9.3 12.1 3.1 2.8
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 8.4 9.2 20.1 21.5 22.1 23.6 7.1 7.8
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 10.4a 9.4 13.7 12.1 13.7 11.1 10.0 9.1
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 77.5 77.8 57.3 55.6 55.0 53.2 79.8 80.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.68A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 120,012 121,541 16,879 18,437 2,880 3,386 13,999 15,051 103,133 103,104
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 13,748 13,802 4,319 4,610 919 1,338 3,400 3,272 9,430 9,192
DRUGS 6,701 6,771 2,899 3,032 690 1,064 2,208 1,968 3,802 3,739
Marijuana 3,124 3,377 1,271 1,299 378 544 893 755 1,853 2,078
Cocaine 413 240 243 172 64 98 179 74 170 68
Heroin 153 129 53 76 * 64 53 12 100 53
Hallucinogens 23 3 23 3 * 1 23 2 * *
Inhalants 45 17 13 16 * 5 13 10 32 1
Methamphetamine 442 512 181 274 46 175 135 99 260 238
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3,285 3,258 1,532 1,727 329 555 1,204 1,172 1,752 1,531
Pain Relievers 2,698 2,584 1,207 1,367 205 467 1,002 900 1,491 1,217
Prescription Opioids 2,358 2,376 1,133 1,312 182a 461 951 851 1,225 1,064
Stimulants 241 185 138 99 45 42 92 57 103 86
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 873 865 552 525 166 145 386 380 321 339
Tranquilizers 629 517 390 371 131 117 259 253 239 146
Sedatives 347 411 239 210 47 59 192 151 108 201
Opioids2 2,412 2,403 1,167 1,320 182a 469 985 851 1,245 1,083
Central Nervous System Stimulants 991 846 544 496 150 277 395 219 446 350
ALCOHOL 8,395 8,340 2,115 2,254 453 564 1,662 1,690 6,281 6,086
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 1,348 1,309 694 676 224 291 470 385 653 633
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 5,353 5,462 2,204 2,356 466 773 1,738 1,582 3,149 3,106
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 7,047 7,031 1,420 1,578 229 273 1,191 1,304 5,627 5,453
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 106,263 107,739 12,560 13,827 1,961 2,048 10,599 11,778 93,704 93,912
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.68B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2023)		 Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness1
(2024)		 No Mental Illness1
(2023)		 No Mental Illness1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 11.5 11.4 25.6 25.0 31.9 39.5 24.3 21.7 9.1 8.9
DRUGS 5.6 5.6 17.2 16.4 24.0 31.4 15.8 13.1 3.7 3.6
Marijuana 2.6 2.8 7.5 7.0 13.1 16.1 6.4 5.0 1.8 2.0
Cocaine 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.9 2.2 2.9 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.1
Heroin 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 * 1.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 * <0.1 0.2 <0.1 * *
Inhalants <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 * 0.2 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Methamphetamine 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 5.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.7 2.7 9.1 9.4 11.4 16.4 8.6 7.8 1.7 1.5
Pain Relievers 2.2 2.1 7.2 7.4 7.1 13.8 7.2 6.0 1.4 1.2
Prescription Opioids 2.0 2.0 6.7 7.1 6.3 13.6 6.8 5.7 1.2 1.0
Stimulants 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.7 0.7 3.3 2.8 5.8 4.3 2.8 2.5 0.3 0.3
Tranquilizers 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.0 4.5 3.5 1.9 1.7 0.2 0.1
Sedatives 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.0 0.1 0.2
Opioids2 2.0 2.0 6.9 7.2 6.3 13.8 7.0 5.7 1.2 1.1
Central Nervous System Stimulants 0.8 0.7 3.2 2.7 5.2 8.2 2.8 1.5 0.4 0.3
ALCOHOL 7.0 6.9 12.5 12.2 15.7 16.7 11.9 11.2 6.1 5.9
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 1.1 1.1 4.1 3.7 7.8 8.6 3.4 2.6 0.6 0.6
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 4.5 4.5 13.1 12.8 16.2 22.8 12.4 10.5 3.1 3.0
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 5.9 5.8 8.4 8.6 7.9 8.1 8.5 8.7 5.5 5.3
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 88.5 88.6 74.4 75.0 68.1 60.5 75.7 78.3 90.9 91.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
2 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.69A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 120,012 121,541 5,379 5,339 3,264 3,193 114,633 116,202
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 13,748 13,802 1,689 1,694 1,175 1,128 12,059 12,107
DRUGS 6,701 6,771 1,098 1,132 820 769 5,603 5,639
Marijuana 3,124 3,377 488 493 372 294 2,636 2,884
Cocaine 413 240 101 47 59 * 312 193
Heroin 153 129 <1 64 <1 60 152 65
Hallucinogens 23 3 <1 1 <1 1 22 2
Inhalants 45 17 * * * * 45 17
Methamphetamine 442 512 66 168 47 156 376 344
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 3,285 3,258 588 730 443 489 2,696 2,527
Pain Relievers 2,698 2,584 449 621 309 385 2,248 1,963
Prescription Opioids 2,358 2,376 424 621 285 385 1,934 1,755
Stimulants 241 185 57 44 27 44 183 141
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 873 865 256 217 172 144 617 647
Tranquilizers 629 517 192 189 135 120 437 328
Sedatives 347 411 124 51 55 47 223 359
Opioids3 2,412 2,403 425 629 285 389 1,987 1,774
Central Nervous System Stimulants 991 846 210 220 127 205 780 626
ALCOHOL 8,395 8,340 846 783 566 526 7,549 7,557
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 1,348 1,309 255 221 212 167 1,093 1,089
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 5,353 5,462 843 912 608 602 4,510 4,550
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 7,047 7,031 591 562 355 359 6,456 6,469
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 106,263 107,739 3,690 3,644 2,090 2,065 102,573 104,095
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.69B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)		 Had MDE1
(2023)		 Had MDE1
(2024)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2023)		 Had MDE with Severe Impairment1,2
(2024)		 No MDE1
(2023)		 No MDE1
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 11.5 11.4 31.4 31.7 36.0 35.3 10.5 10.4
DRUGS 5.6 5.6 20.4 21.2 25.1 24.1 4.9 4.9
Marijuana 2.6 2.8 9.1 9.2 11.4 9.2 2.3 2.5
Cocaine 0.3 0.2 1.9 0.9 1.8 * 0.3 0.2
Heroin 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.9 0.1 0.1
Hallucinogens <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Inhalants <0.1 <0.1 * * * * <0.1 <0.1
Methamphetamine 0.4 0.4 1.2 3.1 1.4 4.9 0.3 0.3
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 2.7 2.7 10.9 13.7 13.6 15.3 2.4 2.2
Pain Relievers 2.2 2.1 8.4 11.6 9.5 12.0 2.0 1.7
Prescription Opioids 2.0 2.0 7.9 11.6 8.7 12.0 1.7 1.5
Stimulants 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 0.7 0.7 4.8 4.1 5.3 4.5 0.5 0.6
Tranquilizers 0.5 0.4 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.8 0.4 0.3
Sedatives 0.3 0.3 2.3 1.0 1.7 1.5 0.2 0.3
Opioids3 2.0 2.0 7.9 11.8 8.7 12.2 1.7 1.5
Central Nervous System Stimulants 0.8 0.7 3.9 4.1 3.9 6.4 0.7 0.5
ALCOHOL 7.0 6.9 15.7 14.7 17.4 16.5 6.6 6.5
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 1.1 1.1 4.7 4.1 6.5 5.2 1.0 0.9
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 4.5 4.5 15.7 17.1 18.6 18.8 3.9 3.9
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 5.9 5.8 11.0 10.5 10.9 11.2 5.6 5.6
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 88.5 88.6 68.6 68.3 64.0 64.7 89.5 89.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.70A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL 12,821b 14,339 3,704b 4,639 1,458b 2,202
18-25 4,165 4,390 1,436 1,452 675 682
18-20 1,591 1,711 604 565 307 321
21-25 2,574 2,679 832 888 368 361
26 or Older 8,656a 9,949 2,268b 3,186 783b 1,520
26-49 6,077 6,442 1,657 1,903 584 818
26-29 1,580 1,587 389 488 149 216
30-34 1,747 1,696 554 500 158 268
35-39 1,170 1,156 291 347 119 143
40-44 788b 1,180 222 342 86 122
45-49 793 822 200 226 72 69
50 or Older 2,579a 3,507 611b 1,284 199b 703
50-54 558 804 257 316 108 83
55-59 444 715 86 188 29 153
60-64 578 768 134 294 7 142
65 or Older 999 1,221 135b 486 55b 325
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.70B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL 5.0a 5.5 1.4b 1.8 0.6b 0.8
18-25 12.2 12.6 4.2 4.2 2.0 2.0
18-20 13.1 13.6 5.0 4.5 2.5 2.6
21-25 11.8 12.0 3.8 4.0 1.7 1.6
26 or Older 3.9a 4.4 1.0b 1.4 0.4b 0.7
26-49 5.9 6.1 1.6 1.8 0.6 0.8
26-29 9.0 9.1 2.2 2.8 0.8 1.2
30-34 7.7 7.2 2.4 2.1 0.7 1.1
35-39 5.0 5.0 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.6
40-44 3.7a 5.3 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.5
45-49 4.2 4.3 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.4
50 or Older 2.1a 2.9 0.5b 1.1 0.2b 0.6
50-54 3.0 4.1 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.4
55-59 2.2a 3.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.8
60-64 2.5 3.4 0.6 1.3 <0.1 0.6
65 or Older 1.7 2.0 0.2b 0.8 0.1b 0.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.71A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 12,821b 14,339 4,165 4,390 8,656a 9,949 6,077 6,442 2,579a 3,507
SEX                    
Male 5,584b 6,978 1,721b 2,177 3,863b 4,800 2,859 3,226 1,004a 1,575
Female 7,236 7,362 2,444 2,212 4,793 5,149 3,218 3,216 1,574 1,933
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 10,567a 11,740 3,321 3,392 7,246a 8,348 4,999 5,241 2,248a 3,107
AIAN 52 84 24 27 28 57 20 33 8 24
Asian 680 751 219 301 461 450 199 356 262 94
Black or African American 1,251b 1,748 499 567 752a 1,181 595 855 157 326
NHPI 27 31 * * 9 16 9 2 * *
White 7,925 8,541 2,356 2,253 5,568 6,288 3,893 3,719 1,675b 2,570
Two or More Races 632 584 204 228 428 356 283 277 * 79
Hispanic or Latino 2,253 2,599 844 998 1,410 1,602 1,079 1,201 331 401
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 5,588 6,069 1,656 1,526 3,931 4,544 3,321 3,416 611b 1,128
Part-Time 2,203 2,200 1,148 1,097 1,055 1,102 775 776 280 326
Unemployed 1,078a 1,457 455a 619 623 838 555 701 69 138
Other1 3,952 4,613 906a 1,148 3,046 3,465 1,427 1,549 1,619 1,916
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.71B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 5.0a 5.5 12.2 12.6 3.9a 4.4 5.9 6.1 2.1a 2.9
SEX                    
Male 4.5b 5.5 10.1b 12.4 3.6a 4.4 5.6 6.1 1.8a 2.7
Female 5.5 5.5 14.4 12.7 4.2 4.4 6.2 6.0 2.5 3.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 5.0a 5.5 12.9 13.0 3.9a 4.4 6.1 6.3 2.1a 2.9
AIAN 4.7 7.3 17.1 17.7 2.9 5.7 4.7 6.2 1.5 5.1
Asian 4.2 4.4 9.9 12.6 3.3 3.1 2.6 4.4 4.4 1.4
Black or African American 4.0b 5.5 11.0 12.3 2.8a 4.4 4.4 6.2 1.2 2.5
NHPI 2.6 2.6 * * 1.0 1.6 1.8 0.3 * *
White 5.0 5.4 13.4 12.7 4.0 4.5 6.8 6.5 2.0b 3.1
Two or More Races 12.0 10.7 18.7 19.9 10.3 8.3 12.8 11.1 * 4.4
Hispanic or Latino 5.0 5.4 10.2 11.4 3.8 4.1 4.9 5.2 2.2 2.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 4.6 5.0 12.0 10.9 3.7 4.2 4.9 5.0 1.6b 2.9
Part-Time 7.0 6.8 13.7 12.5 4.5 4.7 7.3 7.0 2.2 2.6
Unemployed 9.4 11.3 13.6 16.9 7.7 9.1 9.7 11.1 2.9 4.7
Other1 4.2 4.8 10.6a 13.6 3.6 4.0 7.5 7.9 2.5 2.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.72A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 3,704b 4,639 1,436 1,452 2,268b 3,186 1,657 1,903 611b 1,284
SEX                    
Male 1,548b 2,308 591 709 956b 1,600 776 1,021 180b 578
Female 2,156 2,330 844 744 1,311 1,587 881 881 431 705
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 3,101b 3,846 1,135 1,166 1,966b 2,681 1,427 1,512 539b 1,169
AIAN 20 31 12 14 8 17 8 5 * *
Asian 166 201 72 92 94 109 69 56 * 53
Black or African American 462 629 172 216 289 413 227 256 62 156
NHPI 14 10 * * 2 * 2 * * *
White 2,295a 2,781 786 751 1,509a 2,030 1,059 1,106 450b 924
Two or More Races 144 195 81 87 64 108 63 90 1 19
Hispanic or Latino 603 792 301 287 302 506 229 391 72 115
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 1,385 1,777 526 469 860a 1,309 691 849 168a 460
Part-Time 721 654 444 314 278 339 230 252 48 87
Unemployed 433 492 161 223 273 269 257 226 * 43
Other1 1,164b 1,716 306a 446 858a 1,269 478 575 380a 694
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.72B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 1.4b 1.8 4.2 4.2 1.0b 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.5b 1.1
SEX                    
Male 1.2b 1.8 3.5 4.0 0.9b 1.5 1.5 1.9 0.3b 1.0
Female 1.6 1.7 5.0 4.3 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.7 1.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 1.5a 1.8 4.4 4.5 1.1b 1.4 1.8 1.8 0.5b 1.1
AIAN 1.8 2.7 8.6 8.9 0.8 1.7 1.8 0.9 * *
Asian 1.0 1.2 3.2 3.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 * 0.8
Black or African American 1.5 2.0 3.8 4.7 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 0.5 1.2
NHPI 1.4 0.9 * * 0.2 * 0.4 * * *
White 1.5a 1.8 4.5 4.2 1.1a 1.4 1.9 1.9 0.5b 1.1
Two or More Races 2.7 3.6 7.4 7.5 1.5 2.5 2.8 3.6 <0.1 1.0
Hispanic or Latino 1.3 1.7 3.6 3.3 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.5 0.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 1.1 1.5 3.8 3.3 0.8a 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.4a 1.2
Part-Time 2.3 2.0 5.3a 3.6 1.2 1.4 2.2 2.3 0.4 0.7
Unemployed 3.8 3.8 4.8 6.1 3.4 2.9 4.5 3.6 * 1.5
Other1 1.2a 1.8 3.6a 5.3 1.0a 1.5 2.5 2.9 0.6 1.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.73A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 1,458b 2,202 675 682 783b 1,520 584 818 199b 703
SEX                    
Male 641b 1,035 315 324 326b 711 274 381 52b 330
Female 818a 1,167 360 358 458a 809 310 436 147a 373
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,184b 1,746 553 529 631b 1,217 531 582 100b 635
AIAN 15 20 10 * 5 9 5 4 * 5
Asian 76 30 46 30 30 * 30 * * *
Black or African American 259 336 98 95 162 241 111 193 50 48
NHPI 10 7 * * 2 * 2 * * *
White 756b 1,252 356 344 400b 908 353 351 47b 558
Two or More Races 68 102 35 47 33 55 31 35 3 20
Hispanic or Latino 274 456 122 153 152 303 53b 235 99 68
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 531 710 243 164 289a 546 242 357 47 189
Part-Time 244 316 145 174 99 142 83 83 15 59
Unemployed 195 275 106 135 89 141 89 132 * 9
Other1 488b 901 182 209 307b 692 169 246 137b 446
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.73B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 0.6b 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.4b 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.2b 0.6
SEX                    
Male 0.5b 0.8 1.8 1.8 0.3b 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.1b 0.6
Female 0.6a 0.9 2.1 2.1 0.4a 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 0.6b 0.8 2.1 2.0 0.3b 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.1b 0.6
AIAN 1.3 1.7 6.9 * 0.5 0.9 1.2 0.7 * 1.1
Asian 0.5 0.2 2.1 1.2 0.2 * 0.4 * * *
Black or African American 0.8 1.1 2.1 2.1 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.4
NHPI 1.0 0.6 * * 0.2 * 0.4 * * *
White 0.5b 0.8 2.0 1.9 0.3b 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1b 0.7
Two or More Races 1.3 1.9 3.2 4.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.1 1.1
Hispanic or Latino 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.7 0.4 0.8 0.2b 1.0 0.7 0.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 0.4 0.6 1.8 1.2 0.3a 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.5
Part-Time 0.8 1.0 1.7 2.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.5
Unemployed 1.7 2.1 3.2 3.7 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.1 * 0.3
Other1 0.5b 0.9 2.1 2.5 0.4b 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.2b 0.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.74A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 12,821b 14,339 4,165 4,390 8,656a 9,949 6,077 6,442 2,579a 3,507
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 2,344 2,392 672 758 1,672 1,633 1,128 926 544 707
Midwest 2,488b 3,212 945 984 1,543b 2,228 1,124b 1,620 419 608
South 4,745 5,252 1,459 1,566 3,286 3,686 2,157 2,348 1,129 1,338
West 3,244 3,483 1,088 1,081 2,155 2,402 1,668 1,548 487a 854
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 6,369b 7,714 2,090 2,347 4,279b 5,367 3,089 3,557 1,191a 1,811
Small Metro 4,818 4,884 1,589 1,551 3,228 3,333 2,199 2,197 1,029 1,136
Nonmetro 1,634 1,741 485 492 1,148 1,249 789 688 359 561
Urbanized 726 728 237 254 489 474 340 264 149 210
Less Urbanized 771 936 203 224 568 712 393 385 175 327
Completely Rural 136 78 * 15 91 63 56 40 35 24
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 2,506b 3,350 989 1,109 1,516b 2,241 1,080a 1,456 436a 785
100-199% 3,131 3,069 1,046 1,148 2,085 1,921 1,270 1,180 814 741
200% or More 7,182 7,904 2,128 2,117 5,055 5,787 3,726 3,805 1,328a 1,981
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 1,005a 1,438 422a 563 582 874 347 442 236 432
High School Graduate 3,587 3,945 1,505 1,538 2,082 2,407 1,322 1,489 760 918
Some College/Associate’s Degree 4,976 5,307 1,711 1,776 3,264 3,531 2,411 2,350 854 1,181
College Graduate 3,254 3,649 526 513 2,728 3,136 1,998 2,161 729 976
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 6,995 7,689 2,509 2,530 4,487 5,159 3,203 3,314 1,284a 1,845
Medicaid/CHIP 3,847 3,812 1,137 1,094 2,710 2,719 1,955 1,827 755 892
Other3 2,192a 2,823 293 338 1,899 2,484 618 802 1,282 1,682
No Coverage 1,372a 1,843 447b 650 925 1,193 737a 995 188 198
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.74B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 5.0a 5.5 12.2 12.6 3.9a 4.4 5.9 6.1 2.1a 2.9
GEOGRAPHIC REGION                    
Northeast 5.2 5.2 11.7 12.8 4.3 4.1 6.5 5.2 2.5 3.2
Midwest 4.7b 6.0 13.2 13.5 3.4b 4.8 5.4b 7.7 1.7 2.4
South 4.8 5.2 11.1 11.6 3.8 4.2 5.4 5.7 2.5 2.9
West 5.3 5.6 13.5 13.1 4.1 4.5 6.5 5.9 1.8a 3.1
COUNTY TYPE                    
Large Metro 4.5b 5.3 11.4 12.6 3.4a 4.2 5.1 5.7 1.9a 2.7
Small Metro 6.0 5.8 13.9 13.0 4.7 4.6 7.1 6.7 2.7 2.9
Nonmetro 4.8 5.5 11.4 11.3 3.8 4.6 6.6 6.2 2.0 3.5
Urbanized 5.2 5.5 12.6 11.7 4.1 4.3 6.7 5.9 2.1 3.2
Less Urbanized 4.4 5.9 9.7 11.8 3.7 5.1 6.8 6.6 1.8 4.0
Completely Rural 4.9 3.0 * 5.3 3.6 2.8 5.6 5.4 2.3 1.5
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 6.4b 8.2 11.8 13.3 4.9b 6.9 6.7a 8.6 2.9a 5.0
100-199% 6.4 6.1 13.3 13.5 5.1 4.6 7.0 6.2 3.6 3.2
200% or More 4.2 4.6 12.0 11.8 3.3 3.8 5.4 5.4 1.6a 2.4
EDUCATION LEVEL                    
< High School 4.1a 6.0 11.8a 15.9 2.8 4.3 4.3 5.6 1.8 3.4
High School Graduate 5.2 5.6 13.0 12.6 3.6 4.1 5.6 6.2 2.2 2.7
Some College/Associate’s Degree 6.5 6.8 13.0 13.4 5.1 5.5 8.1 7.8 2.5 3.4
College Graduate 3.8 4.1 9.1 8.6 3.4 3.7 4.7 4.9 1.9 2.4
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 4.5 4.8 13.2 12.8 3.3 3.6 4.9 4.9 1.8a 2.5
Medicaid/CHIP 7.7 7.9 11.9 12.2 6.7 6.9 8.7 8.5 4.2 4.9
Other3 2.8a 3.6 10.4 12.1 2.6 3.3 7.6 9.2 1.9 2.5
No Coverage 6.1a 7.7 10.0 12.9 5.1 6.3 5.7 7.2 3.6 3.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.75A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL 12,821b 14,339 3,704b 4,639 1,458b 2,202
AGE GROUP            
18-25 4,165 4,390 1,436 1,452 675 682
26 or Older 8,656a 9,949 2,268b 3,186 783b 1,520
26-49 6,077 6,442 1,657 1,903 584 818
50 or Older 2,579a 3,507 611b 1,284 199b 703
SEX            
Male 5,584b 6,978 1,548b 2,308 641b 1,035
Female 7,236 7,362 2,156 2,330 818a 1,167
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 10,567a 11,740 3,101b 3,846 1,184b 1,746
AIAN 52 84 20 31 15 20
Asian 680 751 166 201 76 30
Black or African American 1,251b 1,748 462 629 259 336
NHPI 27 31 14 10 10 7
White 7,925 8,541 2,295a 2,781 756b 1,252
Two or More Races 632 584 144 195 68 102
Hispanic or Latino 2,253 2,599 603 792 274 456
HEALTH INSURANCE1            
Private 6,995 7,689 1,662b 2,370 496b 996
Medicaid/CHIP 3,847 3,812 1,366 1,368 589 789
Other2 2,192a 2,823 612b 1,115 245b 614
No Coverage 1,372a 1,843 478 583 254 275
EMPLOYMENT STATUS            
Full-Time 5,588 6,069 1,385 1,777 531 710
Part-Time 2,203 2,200 721 654 244 316
Unemployed 1,078a 1,457 433 492 195 275
Other3 3,952 4,613 1,164b 1,716 488b 901
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
2 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.75B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL 5.0a 5.5 1.4b 1.8 0.6b 0.8
AGE GROUP            
18-25 12.2 12.6 4.2 4.2 2.0 2.0
26 or Older 3.9a 4.4 1.0b 1.4 0.4b 0.7
26-49 5.9 6.1 1.6 1.8 0.6 0.8
50 or Older 2.1a 2.9 0.5b 1.1 0.2b 0.6
SEX            
Male 4.5b 5.5 1.2b 1.8 0.5b 0.8
Female 5.5 5.5 1.6 1.7 0.6a 0.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 5.0a 5.5 1.5a 1.8 0.6b 0.8
AIAN 4.7 7.3 1.8 2.7 1.3 1.7
Asian 4.2 4.4 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.2
Black or African American 4.0b 5.5 1.5 2.0 0.8 1.1
NHPI 2.6 2.6 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.6
White 5.0 5.4 1.5a 1.8 0.5b 0.8
Two or More Races 12.0 10.7 2.7 3.6 1.3 1.9
Hispanic or Latino 5.0 5.4 1.3 1.7 0.6 1.0
HEALTH INSURANCE1            
Private 4.5 4.8 1.1b 1.5 0.3b 0.6
Medicaid/CHIP 7.7 7.9 2.7 2.8 1.2 1.6
Other2 2.8a 3.6 0.8b 1.4 0.3b 0.8
No Coverage 6.1a 7.7 2.1 2.4 1.1 1.1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS            
Full-Time 4.6 5.0 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.6
Part-Time 7.0 6.8 2.3 2.0 0.8 1.0
Unemployed 9.4 11.3 3.8 3.8 1.7 2.1
Other3 4.2 4.8 1.2a 1.8 0.5b 0.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
2 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.76A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL 1,458b 2,202 575b 1,339 354b 989
AGE GROUP            
18-25 675 682 277 334 148a 249
26 or Older 783b 1,520 298b 1,004 206b 740
26-49 584 818 251b 527 174b 379
50 or Older 199b 703 * * * *
SEX            
Male 641b 1,035 267b 667 163b 546
Female 818a 1,167 308b 672 191b 443
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,184b 1,746 494b 1,058 307b 809
AIAN 15 20 * * * *
Asian 76 30 * * * *
Black or African American 259 336 * * * *
NHPI 10 7 * * * *
White 756b 1,252 315b 787 191b 602
Two or More Races 68 102 * * * *
Hispanic or Latino 274 456 * * * *
HEALTH INSURANCE1            
Private 496b 996 181b 671 82 *
Medicaid/CHIP 589 789 * 425 184 310
Other2 245b 614 * * * *
No Coverage 254 275 * * * *
EMPLOYMENT STATUS            
Full-Time 531 710 227a 483 125 *
Part-Time 244 316 * * * *
Unemployed 195 275 * * * *
Other3 488b 901 * 609 105 *
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
2 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.76B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL 0.6b 0.8 39.4b 60.8 24.3b 44.9
AGE GROUP            
18-25 2.0 2.0 41.0 49.0 21.9b 36.5
26 or Older 0.4b 0.7 38.1b 66.1 26.3b 48.7
26-49 0.6 0.8 43.0b 64.5 29.7a 46.3
50 or Older 0.2b 0.6 * * * *
SEX            
Male 0.5b 0.8 41.6b 64.5 25.5b 52.8
Female 0.6a 0.9 37.7b 57.5 23.4a 37.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE            
Not Hispanic or Latino 0.6b 0.8 41.7b 60.6 26.0b 46.3
AIAN 1.3 1.7 * * * *
Asian 0.5 0.2 * * * *
Black or African American 0.8 1.1 * * * *
NHPI 1.0 0.6 * * * *
White 0.5b 0.8 41.7b 62.8 25.3b 48.0
Two or More Races 1.3 1.9 * * * *
Hispanic or Latino 0.6 1.0 * * * *
HEALTH INSURANCE1            
Private 0.3b 0.6 36.4b 67.3 16.5 *
Medicaid/CHIP 1.2 1.6 * 53.9 31.3 39.3
Other2 0.3b 0.8 * * * *
No Coverage 1.1 1.1 * * * *
EMPLOYMENT STATUS            
Full-Time 0.4 0.6 42.7b 68.0 23.6 *
Part-Time 0.8 1.0 * * * *
Unemployed 1.7 2.1 * * * *
Other3 0.5b 0.9 * 67.6 21.6 *
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
2 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
3 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.77A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Substance Use in Past Year, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS1 6,975 7,096 2,130 2,473 891 1,109
Marijuana 6,325 6,348 1,880 2,112 823 960
Cocaine 790 572 269 232 164 109
Crack 126 106 57 60 47 45
Heroin 58a 123 27 46 30 23
Hallucinogens 1,394 1,466 514 515 227 165
LSD 331 250 119 59 68 33
PCP * * * * * *
Ecstasy 354 232 123 110 65 68
Psilocybin -- 1,091 -- 403 -- 100
Inhalants2 -- 336 -- 109 -- 71
Methamphetamine 439 446 150 176 96 124
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 1,959 1,676 751 694 390 351
Pain Relievers 1,080 986 480 434 278 244
Prescription Opioids 1,028 969 464 422 274 234
Stimulants 571 588 195 226 112 94
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 939 671 394 286 195 138
Tranquilizers 836 612 383 262 186 126
Sedatives 157 102 35 45 20 27
Benzodiazepines 771 565 306 254 141 124
Opioids1,3 1,042 1,037 470 446 278 246
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1,405 1,268 486 486 277 214
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1,2,4 -- 3,155 -- 1,230 -- 537
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING5 5,667 6,346 1,870 2,225 854 998
Tobacco Products5 4,426 4,912 1,483 1,645 686 698
Cigarettes 3,680 4,122 1,247 1,422 601 614
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 549a 807 178a 298 80 145
Cigars 1,641 1,703 625 574 314 238
Pipe Tobacco5 -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 3,920 4,179 1,349 1,616 611 785
ALCOHOL 9,526 10,138 2,792 3,134 1,043a 1,351
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL3 1,098 1,114 487 515 291 322
Illegally Made Fentanyl 131 * 69 107 56 104
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
2 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
5 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.77B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Substance Use in Past Year, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS1 10.5 10.2 3.2 3.5 1.3 1.6
Marijuana 10.7 10.3 3.2 3.4 1.4 1.6
Cocaine 16.0 13.7 5.4 5.5 3.3 2.6
Crack 12.6 14.2 5.7 8.0 4.7 6.0
Heroin 8.8b 22.5 4.2 8.3 4.5 4.2
Hallucinogens 16.6 14.6 6.1 5.1 2.7 1.6
LSD 21.3 16.6 7.6 3.9 4.3 2.2
PCP * * * * * *
Ecstasy 17.0 11.9 5.9 5.6 3.1 3.5
Psilocybin -- 14.4 -- 5.3 -- 1.3
Inhalants2 -- 15.4 -- 5.0 -- 3.2
Methamphetamine 17.0 19.2 5.8 7.6 3.7 5.3
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 14.4 12.7 5.5 5.3 2.9 2.7
Pain Relievers 13.5 13.0 6.0 5.7 3.5 3.2
Prescription Opioids 13.4 13.5 6.0 5.9 3.6 3.3
Stimulants 15.5 15.9 5.3 6.1 3.0 2.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 20.6 15.2 8.7 6.5 4.3 3.1
Tranquilizers 21.6 16.5 9.9 7.1 4.8 3.4
Sedatives 15.7 12.0 3.5 5.3 2.0 3.2
Benzodiazepines 21.5 17.4 8.5 7.8 3.9 3.8
Opioids1,3 13.0 14.0 5.9 6.0 3.5 3.3
Central Nervous System Stimulants 15.0 14.5 5.2 5.6 3.0 2.4
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1,2,4 -- 13.2 -- 5.1 -- 2.2
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING5 7.5a 8.5 2.5 3.0 1.1 1.3
Tobacco Products5 7.1a 8.2 2.4 2.7 1.1 1.2
Cigarettes 7.7 8.9 2.6 3.1 1.3 1.3
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 5.9a 9.0 1.9a 3.3 0.9 1.6
Cigars 8.4 9.5 3.2 3.2 1.6 1.3
Pipe Tobacco5 -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 11.4 11.5 3.9 4.4 1.8 2.2
ALCOHOL 5.5 5.8 1.6 1.8 0.6a 0.8
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL3 13.5 14.7 6.0 6.8 3.6 4.2
Illegally Made Fentanyl 22.2 * 11.7 16.9 9.5 16.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
2 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
5 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.78A – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS1 6,975 7,096 2,130 2,473 891 1,109
Marijuana 6,325 6,348 1,880 2,112 823 960
Cocaine 790 572 269 232 164 109
Crack 126 106 57 60 47 45
Heroin 58a 123 27 46 30 23
Hallucinogens 1,394 1,466 514 515 227 165
LSD 331 250 119 59 68 33
PCP 34 30 5 20 5 18
Ecstasy 354 232 123 110 65 68
Psilocybin -- 1,091 -- 403 -- 100
Inhalants2 -- 336 -- 109 -- 71
Methamphetamine 439 446 150 176 96 124
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 1,959 1,676 751 694 390 351
Pain Relievers 1,080 986 480 434 278 244
Prescription Opioids 1,028 969 464 422 274 234
Stimulants 571 588 195 226 112 94
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 939 671 394 286 195 138
Tranquilizers 836 612 383 262 186 126
Sedatives 157 102 35 45 20 27
Benzodiazepines 771 565 306 254 141 124
Opioids1,3 1,042 1,037 470 446 278 246
Central Nervous System Stimulants 1,405 1,268 486 486 277 214
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1,2,4 -- 3,155 -- 1,230 -- 537
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING5 5,667 6,346 1,870 2,225 854 998
Tobacco Products5 4,426 4,912 1,483 1,645 686 698
Cigarettes 3,680 4,122 1,247 1,422 601 614
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 549a 807 178a 298 80 145
Cigars 1,641 1,703 625 574 314 238
Pipe Tobacco5 -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 3,920 4,179 1,349 1,616 611 785
ALCOHOL 9,526 10,138 2,792 3,134 1,043a 1,351
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL3 1,098 1,114 487 515 291 322
Illegally Made Fentanyl 131 212 69 107 56 104
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
2 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
5 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.78B – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS1 54.4a 49.5 57.5 53.3 61.1 50.4
Marijuana 49.3a 44.3 50.8 45.5 56.4a 43.6
Cocaine 6.2b 4.0 7.3 5.0 11.3b 4.9
Crack 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.3 3.2 2.0
Heroin 0.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.0 1.0
Hallucinogens 10.9 10.2 13.9 11.1 15.5b 7.5
LSD 2.6 1.7 3.2a 1.3 4.6a 1.5
PCP 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.8
Ecstasy 2.8a 1.6 3.3 2.4 4.4 3.1
Psilocybin -- 7.6 -- 8.7 -- 4.5
Inhalants2 -- 2.3 -- 2.4 -- 3.2
Methamphetamine 3.4 3.1 4.0 3.8 6.6 5.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics 15.3a 11.7 20.3a 15.0 26.7a 15.9
Pain Relievers 8.4 6.9 13.0 9.4 19.1a 11.1
Prescription Opioids 8.0 6.8 12.5 9.1 18.8a 10.6
Stimulants 4.5 4.1 5.3 4.9 7.7 4.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 7.3b 4.7 10.6a 6.2 13.4a 6.3
Tranquilizers 6.5a 4.3 10.3a 5.7 12.7a 5.7
Sedatives 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.2
Benzodiazepines 6.0a 3.9 8.3 5.5 9.7 5.6
Opioids1,3 8.1 7.2 12.7 9.6 19.1a 11.2
Central Nervous System Stimulants 11.0 8.8 13.1 10.5 19.0b 9.7
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana1,2,4 -- 22.0 -- 26.5 -- 24.4
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING5 44.2 44.3 50.5 48.0 58.6a 45.3
Tobacco Products5 34.5 34.3 40.0 35.5 47.1b 31.7
Cigarettes 28.7 28.7 33.7 30.7 41.2b 27.9
Daily Cigarettes -- -- -- -- -- --
Smokeless Tobacco 4.3 5.6 4.8 6.4 5.5 6.6
Cigars 12.8 11.9 16.9a 12.4 21.5b 10.8
Pipe Tobacco5 -- -- -- -- -- --
Nicotine Vaping 30.6 29.1 36.4 34.8 41.9 35.6
ALCOHOL 74.3 70.7 75.4a 67.6 71.5 61.4
Binge Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
Heavy Alcohol Use -- -- -- -- -- --
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL3 8.6 7.8 13.1 11.1 19.9 14.6
Illegally Made Fentanyl 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.3 3.9 4.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF).
2 Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
3 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
4 Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.
5 Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.79A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2023)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 12,821b 14,339 244,722b 247,952 3,704b 4,639 253,839b 257,652 1,458b 2,202 256,084b 260,089
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 5,885 5,577 40,387 40,751 1,920 2,006 44,352 44,321 732 921 45,540 45,406
DRUGS 4,168 4,045 21,205 22,435 1,447 1,421 23,926 25,058 554 719 24,819 25,760
Marijuana 3,235 3,104 14,707a 16,263 1,079 1,021 16,863a 18,345 452 460 17,489 18,906
Cocaine 230 170 982 1,027 110 99 1,102 1,098 62 56 1,150 1,141
Heroin 46a 120 541 367 27 50 560 437 29 19 558 468
Hallucinogens 96 * 273 * 49 45 320 305 41 17 328 333
Inhalants * * * * * * * * * * * *
Methamphetamine 329 324 1,432 1,237 129 106 1,632 1,456 83 81 1,678 1,481
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 1,113 1,132 6,179 5,973 549 538 6,743 6,566 211 321 7,081 6,783
Pain Relievers 607 667 4,420 3,999 315 374 4,712 4,292 151 203 4,876 4,463
Prescription Opioids 544 635 3,935 3,698 300 363 4,178 3,970 150 194 4,328 4,139
Stimulants 346 423 1,128 1,231 151 184 1,323 1,471 63 120 1,411 1,534
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 525 401 1,591 1,576 265 227 1,851 1,750 113 100 2,003 1,877
Tranquilizers 403 339 1,255 1,074 195 191 1,464 1,222 100 84 1,558 1,329
Sedatives 230 148 568 620 * 85 * 683 * 42 * 725
Opioids1 552 700 4,261 3,855 307 399 4,507 4,156 156 208 4,657 4,347
Central Nervous System Stimulants 773 828 3,280 3,228 307 332 3,746 3,724 157 216 3,896 3,840
ALCOHOL 3,229a 2,703 24,874 24,435 1,087 981 27,016 26,156 468 391 27,635 26,746
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 1,512a 1,171 5,692 6,119 613b 397 6,591 6,893 290 189 6,914 7,101
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 2,656 2,874 15,513 16,316 834 1,025 17,335 18,165 264b 530 17,905 18,660
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 1,718 1,532 19,181 18,316 474 585 20,425 19,263 178 202 20,721 19,646
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 6,935b 8,762 204,335 207,201 1,783b 2,633 209,487 213,331 727b 1,281 210,543 214,683
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.79B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2023)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 5.0a 5.5 95.0a 94.5 1.4b 1.8 98.6b 98.2 0.6b 0.8 99.4b 99.2
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 12.7 12.0 87.3 88.0 4.2 4.3 95.8 95.7 1.6 2.0 98.4 98.0
DRUGS 16.4 15.3 83.6 84.7 5.7 5.4 94.3 94.6 2.2 2.7 97.8 97.3
Marijuana 18.0 16.0 82.0 84.0 6.0 5.3 94.0 94.7 2.5 2.4 97.5 97.6
Cocaine 19.0 14.2 81.0 85.8 9.1 8.3 90.9 91.7 5.1 4.7 94.9 95.3
Heroin 7.8b 24.6 92.2b 75.4 4.5 10.2 95.5 89.8 4.9 3.8 95.1 96.2
Hallucinogens 25.9 * 74.1 * 13.2 12.8 86.8 87.2 11.1 5.0 88.9 95.0
Inhalants * * * * * * * * * * * *
Methamphetamine 18.7 20.8 81.3 79.2 7.3 6.8 92.7 93.2 4.7 5.2 95.3 94.8
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 15.3 15.9 84.7 84.1 7.5 7.6 92.5 92.4 2.9 4.5 97.1 95.5
Pain Relievers 12.1 14.3 87.9 85.7 6.3 8.0 93.7 92.0 3.0 4.3 97.0 95.7
Prescription Opioids 12.1 14.7 87.9 85.3 6.7 8.4 93.3 91.6 3.3 4.5 96.7 95.5
Stimulants 23.4 25.6 76.6 74.4 10.2 11.1 89.8 88.9 4.3 7.3 95.7 92.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 24.8 20.3 75.2 79.7 12.5 11.5 87.5 88.5 5.3 5.1 94.7 94.9
Tranquilizers 24.3 24.0 75.7 76.0 11.8 13.5 88.2 86.5 6.0 5.9 94.0 94.1
Sedatives 28.8 19.2 71.2 80.8 * 11.0 * 89.0 * 5.5 * 94.5
Opioids1 11.5 15.4 88.5 84.6 6.4 8.8 93.6 91.2 3.2 4.6 96.8 95.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants 19.1 20.4 80.9 79.6 7.6 8.2 92.4 91.8 3.9 5.3 96.1 94.7
ALCOHOL 11.5 10.0 88.5 90.0 3.9 3.6 96.1 96.4 1.7 1.4 98.3 98.6
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 21.0b 16.1 79.0b 83.9 8.5b 5.4 91.5b 94.6 4.0 2.6 96.0 97.4
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 14.6 15.0 85.4 85.0 4.6 5.3 95.4 94.7 1.5a 2.8 98.5a 97.2
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 8.2 7.7 91.8 92.3 2.3 2.9 97.7 97.1 0.9 1.0 99.1 99.0
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 3.3b 4.1 96.7b 95.9 0.8b 1.2 99.2b 98.8 0.3b 0.6 99.7b 99.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.80A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2023)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 12,821a 14,339 244,722 247,952 3,704b 4,639 253,839 257,652 1,458b 2,202 256,084 260,089
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 5,885 5,577 40,387 40,751 1,920 2,006 44,352 44,321 732 921 45,540 45,406
DRUGS 4,168 4,045 21,205 22,435 1,447 1,421 23,926 25,058 554 719 24,819 25,760
Marijuana 3,235 3,104 14,707a 16,263 1,079 1,021 16,863a 18,345 452 460 17,489 18,906
Cocaine 230 170 982 1,027 110 99 1,102 1,098 62 56 1,150 1,141
Heroin 46a 120 541 367 27 50 560 437 29 19 558 468
Hallucinogens 96 90 273 260 49 45 320 305 41 17 328 333
Inhalants 53 55 173 214 13 35 214 233 16 23 210 245
Methamphetamine 329 324 1,432 1,237 129 106 1,632 1,456 83 81 1,678 1,481
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 1,113 1,132 6,179 5,973 549 538 6,743 6,566 211 321 7,081 6,783
Pain Relievers 607 667 4,420 3,999 315 374 4,712 4,292 151 203 4,876 4,463
Prescription Opioids 544 635 3,935 3,698 300 363 4,178 3,970 150 194 4,328 4,139
Stimulants 346 423 1,128 1,231 151 184 1,323 1,471 63 120 1,411 1,534
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 525 401 1,591 1,576 265 227 1,851 1,750 113 100 2,003 1,877
Tranquilizers 403 339 1,255 1,074 195 191 1,464 1,222 100 84 1,558 1,329
Sedatives 230 148 568 620 143 85 654 683 54 42 743 725
Opioids1 552 700 4,261 3,855 307 399 4,507 4,156 156 208 4,657 4,347
Central Nervous System Stimulants 773 828 3,280 3,228 307 332 3,746 3,724 157 216 3,896 3,840
ALCOHOL 3,229a 2,703 24,874 24,435 1,087 981 27,016 26,156 468 391 27,635 26,746
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 1,512a 1,171 5,692 6,119 613b 397 6,591 6,893 290 189 6,914 7,101
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 2,656 2,874 15,513 16,316 834 1,025 17,335 18,165 264b 530 17,905 18,660
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 1,718 1,532 19,181 18,316 474 585 20,425 19,263 178 202 20,721 19,646
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 6,935b 8,762 204,335 207,201 1,783b 2,633 209,487 213,331 727b 1,281 210,543 214,683
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.80B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 No Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2023)		 Did Not Attempt Suicide
(2024)
TOTAL POPULATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 45.9b 38.9 16.5 16.4 51.8a 43.2 17.5 17.2 50.2 41.8 17.8 17.5
DRUGS 32.5a 28.2 8.7 9.0 39.1a 30.6 9.4 9.7 38.0 32.7 9.7 9.9
Marijuana 25.2a 21.6 6.0a 6.6 29.1a 22.0 6.6 7.1 31.0a 20.9 6.8 7.3
Cocaine 1.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 3.0 2.1 0.4 0.4 4.2 2.5 0.4 0.4
Heroin 0.4a 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.8 0.2 0.2
Hallucinogens 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.8 0.1 0.1
Inhalants 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.1
Methamphetamine 2.6 2.3 0.6 0.5 3.5 2.3 0.6 0.6 5.7 3.7 0.7 0.6
Prescription Psychotherapeutics 8.7 7.9 2.5 2.4 14.8 11.6 2.7 2.5 14.5 14.6 2.8 2.6
Pain Relievers 4.7 4.6 1.8 1.6 8.5 8.1 1.9 1.7 10.4 9.2 1.9 1.7
Prescription Opioids 4.2 4.4 1.6 1.5 8.1 7.8 1.6 1.5 10.3 8.8 1.7 1.6
Stimulants 2.7 3.0 0.5 0.5 4.1 4.0 0.5 0.6 4.3 5.5 0.6 0.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives 4.1 2.8 0.7 0.6 7.1 4.9 0.7 0.7 7.8 4.5 0.8 0.7
Tranquilizers 3.1 2.4 0.5 0.4 5.3 4.1 0.6 0.5 6.9 3.8 0.6 0.5
Sedatives 1.8 1.0 0.2 0.2 3.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 3.7 1.9 0.3 0.3
Opioids1 4.3 4.9 1.7 1.6 8.3 8.6 1.8 1.6 10.7 9.5 1.8 1.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants 6.0 5.8 1.3 1.3 8.3 7.2 1.5 1.4 10.8 9.8 1.5 1.5
ALCOHOL 25.2b 18.9 10.2 9.9 29.3b 21.2 10.6 10.2 32.1b 17.8 10.8 10.3
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 11.8b 8.2 2.3 2.5 16.5b 8.5 2.6 2.7 19.9b 8.6 2.7 2.7
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER) 20.7 20.0 6.3 6.6 22.5 22.1 6.8 7.1 18.1 24.1 7.0 7.2
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER) 13.4a 10.7 7.8 7.4 12.8 12.6 8.0a 7.5 12.2 9.2 8.1a 7.6
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 54.1b 61.1 83.5 83.6 48.2a 56.8 82.5 82.8 49.8 58.2 82.2 82.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.81A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+1
(2023)		 Aged 18+1
(2024)		 On Probation
(2023)		 On Probation
(2024)		 Not on Probation
(2023)		 Not on Probation
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 12,821b 14,339 380 411 12,212a 13,695
AGE GROUP            
18-49 10,242 10,832 351 345 9,776 10,370
18-25 4,165 4,390 96 108 4,035 4,241
26-34 3,326 3,283 132 103 3,133 3,149
35-49 2,751 3,159 124 134 2,609 2,980
SEX/AGE GROUP            
Male 18 or Older 5,584b 6,978 255 290 5,268b 6,594
Male 18-49 4,580b 5,403 238 240 4,290b 5,109
Female 18 or Older 7,236 7,362 126 121 6,944 7,101
Female 18-49 5,662 5,429 113 105 5,486 5,261
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.81B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+1
(2023)		 Aged 18+1
(2024)		 On Probation
(2023)		 On Probation
(2024)		 Not on Probation
(2023)		 Not on Probation
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 5.0a 5.5 11.6 13.1 4.9a 5.3
AGE GROUP            
18-49 7.4 7.7 13.5 14.5 7.3 7.6
18-25 12.2 12.6 18.3 20.7 12.1 12.5
26-34 8.3 8.0 15.1 13.9 8.0 7.9
35-49 4.3 4.9 10.3 12.0 4.3 4.7
SEX/AGE GROUP            
Male 18 or Older 4.5b 5.5 11.0 12.7 4.3b 5.3
Male 18-49 6.7a 7.7 12.9 14.0 6.5a 7.6
Female 18 or Older 5.5 5.5 13.3 14.0 5.4 5.4
Female 18-49 8.2 7.7 15.0 15.7 8.1 7.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.82A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+1
(2023)		 Aged 18+1
(2024)		 On Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 On Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 12,821b 14,339 109 153 12,486a 13,963
AGE GROUP            
18-49 10,242 10,832 93 143 10,038 10,583
18-25 4,165 4,390 58 * 4,076 4,314
26-34 3,326 3,283 15 * 3,250 3,205
35-49 2,751 3,159 20 * 2,712 3,065
SEX/AGE GROUP            
Male 18 or Older 5,584b 6,978 90 122 5,433b 6,770
Male 18-49 4,580b 5,403 73 112 4,455a 5,245
Female 18 or Older 7,236 7,362 19 31 7,054 7,193
Female 18-49 5,662 5,429 19 31 5,583 5,338
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.82B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic Aged 18+1
(2023)		 Aged 18+1
(2024)		 On Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 On Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)		 Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2023)		 Not on Parole/ Supervised Release
(2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER 5.0a 5.5 7.3 9.5 4.9a 5.4
AGE GROUP            
18-49 7.4 7.7 8.2 12.2 7.4 7.7
18-25 12.2 12.6 25.8 * 12.2 12.5
26-34 8.3 8.0 4.5 * 8.2 8.0
35-49 4.3 4.9 3.5 * 4.4 4.8
SEX/AGE GROUP            
Male 18 or Older 4.5b 5.5 7.8 9.7 4.4b 5.4
Male 18-49 6.7a 7.7 8.6 12.3 6.6a 7.7
Female 18 or Older 5.5 5.5 5.5 8.7 5.4 5.4
Female 18-49 8.2 7.7 7.1 12.2 8.2 7.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.83A – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22
(2023)		 Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22
(2024)		 Other People Aged 18-221
(2023)		 Other People Aged 18-221
(2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT        
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide 904 974 1,729 1,854
Made Any Suicide Plans 302 289 668 618
Attempted Suicide 102 128 338 311
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * 120 115
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * 86 80
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS2        
Any Mental Illness 2,465 2,532 4,193 4,287
Serious Mental Illness 736 666 1,340 1,242
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness 1,729 1,866 2,853 3,045
No Mental Illness 4,717 4,982 9,177 9,536
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE3 1,337 1,230 2,250 2,198
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT4,5 -- 2,165 -- 3,342
Inpatient -- 89 -- 353
Outpatient -- 1,460 -- 2,161
Prescription Medication 1,296 1,296 2,100 2,380
Telehealth Treatment6 1,457 1,407 1,861 1,903
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 59 36 117 149
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
2 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
3 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
4 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
5 Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
6 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.83B – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22
(2023)		 Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22
(2024)		 Other People Aged 18-221
(2023)		 Other People Aged 18-221
(2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT        
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide 12.6 13.0 12.9 13.4
Made Any Suicide Plans 4.2 3.9 5.0 4.5
Attempted Suicide 1.4 1.7 2.5 2.2
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * 35.6 36.9
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * 25.5 25.6
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS2        
Any Mental Illness 34.3 33.7 31.4 31.0
Serious Mental Illness 10.2 8.9 10.0 9.0
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness 24.1 24.8 21.3 22.0
No Mental Illness 65.7 66.3 68.6 69.0
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE3 18.6 16.4 16.8 15.9
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT4,5 -- 28.8 -- 24.2
Inpatient -- 1.2 -- 2.6
Outpatient -- 19.4 -- 15.6
Prescription Medication 18.0 17.3 15.7 17.2
Telehealth Treatment6 20.3 18.7 13.9 13.8
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
2 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
3 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
4 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
5 Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
6 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.84A – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Males Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22
(2023)		 Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22
(2024)		 Other Males Aged 18-221
(2023)		 Other Males Aged 18-221
(2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT        
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide 261b 476 762a 964
Made Any Suicide Plans 95 146 282 333
Attempted Suicide 52 39 163 171
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * * *
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * 29 *
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS2        
Any Mental Illness 866 950 1,760 1,945
Serious Mental Illness 181 249 504 543
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness 685 701 1,257 1,402
No Mental Illness 2,437 2,571 5,358 5,449
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE3 395 431 848 938
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT4,5 -- 721 -- 1,335
Inpatient -- 47 -- 130
Outpatient -- 453 -- 843
Prescription Medication 362 424 791 945
Telehealth Treatment6 443 430 678 729
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 19 2 79 84
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
2 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
3 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
4 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
5 Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
6 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.84B – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Males Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22
(2023)		 Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22
(2024)		 Other Males Aged 18-221
(2023)		 Other Males Aged 18-221
(2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT        
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide 7.9b 13.5 10.7 13.0
Made Any Suicide Plans 2.9 4.1 4.0 4.5
Attempted Suicide 1.6 1.1 2.3 2.3
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * * *
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * 17.8 *
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS2        
Any Mental Illness 26.2 27.0 24.7 26.3
Serious Mental Illness 5.5 7.1 7.1 7.3
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness 20.7 19.9 17.7 19.0
No Mental Illness 73.8 73.0 75.3 73.7
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE3 12.0 12.2 11.9 12.7
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT4,5 -- 20.5 -- 18.1
Inpatient -- 1.3 -- 1.8
Outpatient -- 12.9 -- 11.4
Prescription Medication 11.0 12.0 11.1 12.8
Telehealth Treatment6 13.4 12.2 9.5 9.9
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 0.6 0.1 1.1 1.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
2 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
3 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
4 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
5 Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
6 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.85A – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Females Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22
(2023)		 Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22
(2024)		 Other Females Aged 18-221
(2023)		 Other Females Aged 18-221
(2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT        
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide 643 498 967 890
Made Any Suicide Plans 207 144 386a 285
Attempted Suicide 50 89 176 140
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * * *
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * * *
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS2        
Any Mental Illness 1,599 1,582 2,432 2,343
Serious Mental Illness 555 417 836 699
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness 1,044 1,165 1,596 1,643
No Mental Illness 2,280 2,410 3,819 4,087
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE3 942 799 1,402 1,260
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT4,5 -- 1,444 -- 2,007
Inpatient -- 41 -- 223
Outpatient -- 1,007 -- 1,318
Prescription Medication 934 873 1,309 1,436
Telehealth Treatment6 1,014 977 1,184 1,174
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 40 33 39 65
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
2 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
3 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
4 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
5 Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
6 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.85B – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Females Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22
(2023)		 Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22
(2024)		 Other Females Aged 18-221
(2023)		 Other Females Aged 18-221
(2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT        
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide 16.6a 12.5 15.5 13.8
Made Any Suicide Plans 5.3 3.6 6.2a 4.4
Attempted Suicide 1.3 2.2 2.8 2.2
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * * *
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide * * * *
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS2        
Any Mental Illness 41.2 39.6 38.9 36.4
Serious Mental Illness 14.3a 10.4 13.4 10.9
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness 26.9 29.2 25.5 25.6
No Mental Illness 58.8 60.4 61.1 63.6
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE3 24.3 20.0 22.4 19.6
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT4,5 -- 36.2 -- 31.2
Inpatient -- 1.0 -- 3.5
Outpatient -- 25.2 -- 20.5
Prescription Medication 24.1 21.9 20.9 22.3
Telehealth Treatment6 26.2 24.5 18.9 18.3
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available.
2 Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria.
3 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
4 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
5 Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
6 Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.86A – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode, Receipt of Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2023)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE1                
Major Depressive Episode 6,837 6,217 2,388 2,187 826 809 14,977 15,115
No Major Depressive Episode 5,984b 8,123 1,316b 2,452 632b 1,393 229,445 232,287
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT2                
Mental Health Treatment -- 7,208 -- 2,411 -- 1,099 -- 52,588
No Mental Health Treatment -- 7,131 -- 2,227 -- 1,103 -- 194,815
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment3 -- 1,579 -- 350 -- 77 -- 8,449
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment3 -- 5,441 -- 1,853 -- 1,006 -- 182,717
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER4                
Substance Use Disorder 5,885 5,577 1,920 2,006 732 921 40,256 40,597
Alcohol Use Disorder 3,229a 2,703 1,087 981 468 391 24,791 24,341
Drug Use Disorder 4,168 4,045 1,447 1,421 554 719 21,111 22,339
No Substance Use Disorder 6,935b 8,762 1,783b 2,633 727b 1,281 204,166 206,806
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS5                
Serious Psychological Distress 9,164 8,762 3,157 3,078 1,266 1,363 26,107 27,433
No Serious Psychological Distress 3,657b 5,578 546b 1,561 192b 839 218,316 219,970
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT6,7                
Substance Use Treatment -- 1,454 -- 684 -- 496 -- 7,892
No Substance Use Treatment -- 12,885 -- 3,954 -- 1,706 -- 239,511
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
3 Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
4 Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
5 Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
6 Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.
7 The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.86B – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode, Receipt of Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2023)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE1                
Major Depressive Episode 31.2 29.0 10.9 10.2 3.8 3.8 68.4 70.6
No Major Depressive Episode 2.5b 3.4 0.6b 1.0 0.3b 0.6 97.4b 96.4
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT2                
Mental Health Treatment -- 12.0 -- 4.0 -- 1.8 -- 87.5
No Mental Health Treatment -- 3.5 -- 1.1 -- 0.5 -- 96.3
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment3 -- 15.7 -- 3.5 -- 0.8 -- 84.1
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment3 -- 2.9 -- 1.0 -- 0.5 -- 97.0
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER4                
Substance Use Disorder 12.7 12.0 4.2 4.3 1.6 2.0 87.0 87.6
Alcohol Use Disorder 11.5 10.0 3.9 3.6 1.7 1.4 88.2 89.7
Drug Use Disorder 16.4 15.3 5.7 5.4 2.2 2.7 83.2 84.4
No Substance Use Disorder 3.3b 4.1 0.8b 1.2 0.3b 0.6 96.6b 95.8
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS5                
Serious Psychological Distress 25.8 24.0 8.9 8.4 3.6 3.7 73.6 75.3
No Serious Psychological Distress 1.6b 2.5 0.2b 0.7 0.1b 0.4 98.3b 97.4
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT6,7                
Substance Use Treatment -- 15.4 -- 7.2 -- 5.3 -- 83.6
No Substance Use Treatment -- 5.1 -- 1.6 -- 0.7 -- 94.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
3 Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
4 Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
5 Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
6 Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.
7 The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.87A – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2023)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE1                
Major Depressive Episode 6,837 6,217 2,388 2,187 826 809 14,977 15,115
No Major Depressive Episode 5,984b 8,123 1,316b 2,452 632b 1,393 229,445 232,287
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT2                
Mental Health Treatment -- 7,208 -- 2,411 -- 1,099 -- 52,588
No Mental Health Treatment -- 7,131 -- 2,227 -- 1,103 -- 194,815
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment3 -- 1,579 -- 350 -- 77 -- 8,449
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment3 -- 5,441 -- 1,853 -- 1,006 -- 182,717
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER4                
Substance Use Disorder 5,885 5,577 1,920 2,006 732 921 40,256 40,597
Alcohol Use Disorder 3,229a 2,703 1,087 981 468 391 24,791 24,341
Drug Use Disorder 4,168 4,045 1,447 1,421 554 719 21,111 22,339
No Substance Use Disorder 6,935b 8,762 1,783b 2,633 727b 1,281 204,166 206,806
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS5                
Serious Psychological Distress 9,164 8,762 3,157 3,078 1,266 1,363 26,107 27,433
No Serious Psychological Distress 3,657b 5,578 546b 1,561 192b 839 218,316 219,970
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT6,7                
Substance Use Treatment -- 1,454 -- 684 -- 496 -- 7,892
No Substance Use Treatment -- 12,885 -- 3,954 -- 1,706 -- 239,511
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
3 Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
4 Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
5 Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
6 Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.
7 The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.87B – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2023)		 Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide
(2024)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2023)		 Made Any Suicide Plans
(2024)		 Attempted Suicide
(2023)		 Attempted Suicide
(2024)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2023)		 None of These Suicidality Measures
(2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE1                
Major Depressive Episode 53.3b 43.4 64.5b 47.1 56.7b 36.7 6.1 6.1
No Major Depressive Episode 46.7b 56.6 35.5b 52.9 43.3b 63.3 93.9 93.9
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT2                
Mental Health Treatment -- 50.3 -- 52.0 -- 49.9 -- 21.3
No Mental Health Treatment -- 49.7 -- 48.0 -- 50.1 -- 78.7
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment3 -- 22.5 -- 15.9 -- 7.1 -- 4.4
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment3 -- 77.5 -- 84.1 -- 92.9 -- 95.6
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER4                
Substance Use Disorder 45.9b 38.9 51.8a 43.2 50.2 41.8 16.5 16.4
Alcohol Use Disorder 25.2b 18.9 29.3b 21.2 32.1b 17.8 10.1 9.8
Drug Use Disorder 32.5a 28.2 39.1a 30.6 38.0 32.7 8.6 9.0
No Substance Use Disorder 54.1b 61.1 48.2a 56.8 49.8 58.2 83.5 83.6
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS5                
Serious Psychological Distress 71.5b 61.1 85.2b 66.3 86.8b 61.9 10.7 11.1
No Serious Psychological Distress 28.5b 38.9 14.8b 33.7 13.2b 38.1 89.3 88.9
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT6,7                
Substance Use Treatment -- 10.1 -- 14.8 -- 22.5 -- 3.2
No Substance Use Treatment -- 89.9 -- 85.2 -- 77.5 -- 96.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms.
2 Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center.
3 Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded.
4 Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder.
5 Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
6 Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.
7 The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
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Table 6.88A – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 35,464 36,440 10,543 10,252 24,921 26,188 18,145 18,689 6,776 7,499
SEX                    
Male 14,193 15,283 4,279 4,114 9,914a 11,168 7,382a 8,268 2,532 2,900
Female 21,272 21,158 6,265 6,138 15,007 15,019 10,764 10,420 4,243 4,599
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 29,207 30,123 8,300 8,040 20,908 22,084 14,937 15,436 5,970 6,647
AIAN 170 184 38 42 132 142 * 101 18 41
Asian 1,642 1,739 582 698 1,059 1,041 754 845 306 195
Black or African American 3,559 3,878 1,185 1,078 2,374 2,800 1,876 2,090 498 710
NHPI 143 107 * * * * * 23 * *
White 22,346 22,957 6,022 5,713 16,325 17,244 11,546 11,725 4,779 5,520
Two or More Races 1,348 1,259 435 465 913 794 550 652 363 142
Hispanic or Latino 6,257 6,317 2,244 2,212 4,014 4,104 3,208 3,252 805 852
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 7,853 7,425 2,535 2,424 5,318 5,001 3,307 3,127 2,011 1,875
100-199% 7,796 8,342 2,638 2,659 5,158 5,683 3,753 3,791 1,405 1,892
200% or More 19,804 20,633 5,358 5,130 14,446 15,503 11,085 11,771 3,360 3,732
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 19,249 20,376 6,150 5,886 13,099a 14,490 10,094 10,842 3,005 3,648
Medicaid/CHIP 10,602 9,871 3,011 2,671 7,591 7,199 5,436 4,841 2,155 2,358
Other3 5,957 6,374 802 891 5,155 5,484 1,817 2,063 3,338 3,420
No Coverage 3,744 4,057 1,156 1,310 2,588 2,748 2,127 2,276 460 472
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 16,758 16,801 4,059 3,868 12,700 12,933 10,625 10,996 2,075 1,938
Part-Time 5,684 6,119 3,002 2,858 2,682a 3,261 2,250 2,379 432b 882
Unemployed 2,819 3,105 1,077 1,229 1,742 1,875 1,460 1,541 282 334
Other4 10,203 10,415 2,406 2,296 7,798 8,118 3,811 3,772 3,987 4,346
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
4 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.88B – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 13.8 13.9 31.0 29.3 11.1 11.5 17.5 17.7 5.6 6.2
SEX                    
Male 11.3 12.0 25.1 23.4 9.2a 10.1 14.3 15.7 4.5 5.0
Female 16.1 15.7 36.9 35.3 13.0 12.8 20.7 19.6 6.7 7.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 13.8 14.0 32.2 30.7 11.2 11.7 18.3 18.6 5.7 6.3
AIAN 15.4 15.9 27.0 27.1 13.7 14.2 * 19.0 3.2 8.7
Asian 10.2 10.2 26.3 29.1 7.7 7.1 9.7 10.5 5.1 2.9
Black or African American 11.4 12.2 26.0 23.5 8.9 10.3 13.8 15.1 3.8 5.4
NHPI 14.0 9.2 * * * * * 4.1 * *
White 14.2 14.5 34.1 32.2 11.7 12.3 20.3 20.5 5.8 6.6
Two or More Races 25.6 23.1 39.8 40.5 21.9 18.5 24.8 26.2 18.5 7.9
Hispanic or Latino 13.8 13.2 27.2 25.2 10.8 10.5 14.6 14.1 5.3 5.3
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 19.9 18.1 30.1 29.0 17.1 15.4 20.5 18.4 13.5 12.1
100-199% 15.9 16.6 33.5 31.3 12.5 13.6 20.6 20.1 6.1 8.2
200% or More 11.7 12.1 30.2 28.6 9.5 10.1 16.0 16.8 4.1 4.5
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 12.3 12.7 32.2a 29.9 9.5 10.3 15.4 16.0 4.1 5.0
Medicaid/CHIP 21.3 20.3 31.6 29.8 18.8 18.2 24.2 22.5 12.1 13.1
Other3 7.7 8.2 28.4 31.9 6.9 7.3 22.4 23.8 5.0 5.2
No Coverage 16.6 16.9 25.8 26.0 14.3 14.5 16.5 16.6 8.9 9.0
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 13.9 13.9 29.4 27.6 11.9 12.1 15.6 16.0 5.3 5.0
Part-Time 18.0 18.9 35.9 32.5 11.6a 13.8 21.2 21.4 3.4b 7.1
Unemployed 24.6 24.1 32.2 33.5 21.5 20.3 25.5 24.5 11.9 11.4
Other4 10.9 10.9 28.3 27.2 9.2 9.3 19.9 19.1 6.0 6.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
4 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.89A – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 19,693 20,135 6,277 5,917 13,416 14,218 9,757 9,910 3,659 4,309
SEX                    
Male 8,368 9,065 2,466 2,442 5,902 6,622 4,294 4,838 1,608 1,785
Female 11,325 11,070 3,811 3,474 7,514 7,596 5,463 5,072 2,052 2,524
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 16,044 16,328 4,933 4,557 11,111 11,771 7,974 8,047 3,137 3,724
AIAN 134 124 28 35 106 89 * 70 10 19
Asian 872 976 350 393 522 583 410 479 112 103
Black or African American 2,429 2,209 878 690 1,552 1,519 1,151 1,193 401 326
NHPI 90 34 * * 65 16 * 12 * *
White 11,731 12,287 3,386 3,154 8,344 9,133 5,915 5,952 2,429a 3,181
Two or More Races 787 699 265 268 521 431 337 341 184 *
Hispanic or Latino 3,649 3,808 1,344 1,360 2,305 2,448 1,783 1,862 523 585
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 5,179 5,170 1,660 1,564 3,519 3,606 2,238 2,246 1,281 1,360
100-199% 4,984 4,916 1,713 1,617 3,270 3,299 2,356 2,146 914 1,153
200% or More 9,526 10,023 2,900 2,710 6,627 7,314 5,163 5,517 1,464 1,797
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 9,157 9,908 3,357 3,158 5,800a 6,749 4,534 5,005 1,266 1,745
Medicaid/CHIP 7,063 6,459 2,009a 1,662 5,054 4,797 3,604a 3,097 1,449 1,700
Other3 3,600 4,045 473 546 3,127 3,499 1,237 1,365 1,890 2,134
No Coverage 2,368 2,551 815 870 1,553 1,682 1,257 1,384 296 298
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 8,038 8,211 2,281 2,192 5,757 6,020 4,926 5,098 831 921
Part-Time 3,186 3,221 1,747 1,472 1,438 1,749 1,246 1,336 193a 412
Unemployed 1,957 2,130 723 803 1,234 1,326 1,061 1,069 173 258
Other4 6,513 6,573 1,526 1,450 4,987 5,123 2,524 2,406 2,463 2,717
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
4 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.
250528
Table 6.89B – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic Aged 18+
(2023)		 Aged 18+
(2024)		 Aged 18-25
(2023)		 Aged 18-25
(2024)		 Aged 26+
(2023)		 Aged 26+
(2024)		 Aged 26-49
(2023)		 Aged 26-49
(2024)		 Aged 50+
(2023)		 Aged 50+
(2024)
TOTAL 7.6 7.7 18.4a 16.9 6.0 6.3 9.4 9.4 3.0 3.5
SEX                    
Male 6.7 7.1 14.4 13.9 5.5 6.0 8.3 9.2 2.8 3.1
Female 8.6 8.2 22.5a 20.0 6.5 6.5 10.5 9.5 3.2 3.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE                    
Not Hispanic or Latino 7.6 7.6 19.1a 17.4 6.0 6.2 9.8 9.7 3.0 3.5
AIAN 12.2 10.7 20.0 22.4 11.0 8.9 * 13.3 1.8 4.0
Asian 5.4 5.7 15.8 16.4 3.8 4.0 5.2 5.9 1.9 1.6
Black or African American 7.8 7.0 19.2a 15.0 5.8 5.6 8.4 8.6 3.1 2.5
NHPI 8.8 2.9 * * 7.2 1.6 * 2.2 * *
White 7.4 7.8 19.2 17.8 6.0 6.5 10.4 10.4 2.9a 3.8
Two or More Races 14.9 12.8 24.3 23.3 12.5 10.0 15.3 13.7 9.4 *
Hispanic or Latino 8.0 8.0 16.3 15.5 6.2 6.3 8.1 8.1 3.4 3.7
POVERTY LEVEL1                    
Less Than 100% 13.1 12.6 19.7 18.7 11.3 11.1 13.9 13.2 8.6 8.7
100-199% 10.2 9.8 21.7 19.0 8.0 7.9 13.0 11.4 4.0 5.0
200% or More 5.6 5.9 16.4 15.1 4.4 4.8 7.5 7.9 1.8 2.2
HEALTH INSURANCE2                    
Private 5.8 6.2 17.6 16.0 4.2a 4.8 6.9 7.4 1.7 2.4
Medicaid/CHIP 14.2 13.3 21.1 18.5 12.5 12.1 16.1 14.4 8.1 9.4
Other3 4.7 5.2 16.8 19.5 4.2 4.7 15.2 15.7 2.9 3.2
No Coverage 10.5 10.6 18.2 17.3 8.6 8.9 9.8 10.1 5.7 5.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS                    
Full-Time 6.6 6.8 16.5 15.6 5.4 5.6 7.2 7.4 2.1 2.4
Part-Time 10.1 9.9 20.9b 16.7 6.2 7.4 11.8 12.0 1.5a 3.3
Unemployed 17.1 16.5 21.6 21.9 15.2 14.4 18.5 17.0 7.3 8.8
Other4 7.0 6.9 17.9 17.2 5.9 5.9 13.2 12.2 3.7 4.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues.
NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale.
a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical.
1 Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded.
2 Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive.
3 Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance.
4 Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force.
Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A.
Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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