Section 6 SE Tables - Results from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ

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Table 6.1C – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	845	814	552	554	577	591
18-25	219	234	155	152	151	164
18-20	161	155	100	104	113	116
21-25	251	253	154	150	174	180
26 or Older	797	756	523	518	539	554
26-49	478	500	326	352	318	331
26-29	262	256	175	177	176	172
30-34	270	291	202	174	186	208
35-39	286	280	203	199	178	178
40-44	219	236	141	159	160	173
45-49	209	226	130	152	161	163
50 or Older	574	598	368	396	413	435
50-54	290	334	191	221	224	244
55-59	271	319	162	222	212	227
60-64	285	283	210	198	188	201
65 or Older	381	356	214	211	299	266
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.1D – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	0.33	0.31	0.44	0.43	0.44	0.44
18-25	0.64	0.67	0.91	0.86	0.89	0.94
18-20	1.01	1.06	1.33	1.38	1.42	1.48
21-25	0.80	0.80	1.14	1.10	1.09	1.12
26 or Older	0.36	0.33	0.48	0.47	0.47	0.47
26-49	0.46	0.47	0.63	0.67	0.61	0.62
26-29	1.13	1.10	1.62	1.60	1.51	1.50
30-34	0.93	0.90	1.44	1.28	1.28	1.21
35-39	0.96	1.00	1.38	1.38	1.26	1.33
40-44	0.92	0.97	1.23	1.30	1.31	1.37
45-49	0.96	1.02	1.26	1.44	1.37	1.37
50 or Older	0.48	0.49	0.65	0.69	0.65	0.68
50-54	1.39	1.46	1.97	2.15	2.02	2.02
55-59	1.15	1.45	1.55	2.06	1.70	1.97
60-64	1.16	1.12	1.63	1.59	1.62	1.62
65 or Older	0.66	0.60	0.81	0.77	0.95	0.82
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.1P – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Age Category	Total (2023)	Male (2023)	Female (2023)
TOTAL	0.1292	0.0863	0.6022
18-25	0.5034	0.7922	0.2309
18-20	0.8552	0.7843	0.5358
21-25	0.4765	0.8968	0.2866
26 or Older	0.0725	0.0853	0.3766
26-49	0.4421	0.2235	0.9260
26-29	0.8407	0.5954	0.3780
30-34	0.3170	0.0798	0.7442
35-39	0.7852	0.3879	0.6155
40-44	0.4570	0.4235	0.8247
45-49	0.0194	0.0059	0.4841
50 or Older	0.1148	0.2310	0.2644
50-54	0.4873	0.6538	0.1807
55-59	0.0436	0.0471	0.3096
60-64	0.6425	0.8070	0.3783
65 or Older	0.7191	0.2076	0.6625
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.2C – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	845	814	219	234	797	756	478	500	574	598
SEX
Male	552	554	155	152	523	518	326	352	368	396
Female	577	591	151	164	539	554	318	331	413	435
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	763	736	188	199	719	691	410	416	541	569
AIAN	39	45	10	11	38	44	34	34	16	27
Asian	223	230	74	85	217	202	127	135	176	140
Black or African American	324	320	97	88	303	299	229	213	195	202
NHPI	*	42	*	*	*	40	*	12	*	*
White	816	871	232	216	732	802	461	518	495	585
Two or More Races	166	146	47	48	155	137	75	106	134	86
Hispanic or Latino	304	329	107	113	289	307	217	241	187	199
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	636	671	170	174	582	627	460	526	312	344
Part-Time	289	358	149	153	244	314	188	203	150	230
Unemployed	201	224	79	97	184	198	136	165	119	105
Other¹	660	630	136	127	645	610	285	254	544	529
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.2D – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.33	0.31	0.64	0.67	0.36	0.33	0.46	0.47	0.48	0.49
SEX
Male	0.44	0.43	0.91	0.86	0.48	0.47	0.63	0.67	0.65	0.69
Female	0.44	0.44	0.89	0.94	0.47	0.47	0.61	0.62	0.65	0.68
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.36	0.34	0.73	0.76	0.39	0.37	0.50	0.50	0.52	0.54
AIAN	3.31	3.24	5.66	5.65	3.68	3.60	6.17	5.03	3.22	5.17
Asian	1.28	1.20	2.67	2.69	1.45	1.28	1.43	1.54	2.77	2.03
Black or African American	0.87	0.84	1.64	1.55	0.98	0.94	1.33	1.16	1.38	1.43
NHPI	*	3.52	*	*	*	3.87	*	2.50	*	*
White	0.41	0.41	0.87	0.87	0.43	0.44	0.61	0.61	0.52	0.60
Two or More Races	2.43	2.11	2.99	3.36	2.92	2.53	2.77	2.89	5.41	4.22
Hispanic or Latino	0.67	0.69	1.30	1.29	0.78	0.79	0.99	1.04	1.23	1.25
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.43	0.42	0.96	0.95	0.46	0.45	0.54	0.57	0.76	0.78
Part-Time	0.82	0.86	1.24	1.30	0.96	1.08	1.39	1.39	1.13	1.61
Unemployed	1.47	1.34	1.93	1.90	1.91	1.73	2.00	1.97	4.31	3.19
Other¹	0.57	0.55	1.23	1.19	0.62	0.59	1.12	1.07	0.71	0.68
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.2P – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.1292	0.5034	0.0725	0.4421	0.1148
SEX
Male	0.0863	0.7922	0.0853	0.2235	0.2310
Female	0.6022	0.2309	0.3766	0.9260	0.2644
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0970	0.6873	0.0621	0.4282	0.1017
AIAN	0.5883	0.7745	0.6369	0.5255	0.3103
Asian	0.5447	0.6360	0.4159	0.9482	0.3682
Black or African American	0.2198	0.4120	0.2848	0.2977	0.5807
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.0465	0.4598	0.0239	0.6051	0.0154
Two or More Races	0.6994	0.3011	0.9349	0.1807	0.1390
Hispanic or Latino	0.9206	0.5897	0.7823	0.7351	0.9666
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1952	0.1629	0.0825	0.1512	0.4446
Part-Time	0.0724	0.2124	0.0130	0.8426	0.0034
Unemployed	0.3872	0.0074	0.8745	0.5492	0.4529
Other¹	0.8061	0.8727	0.8583	0.1337	0.6483
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.3C – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	845	814	219	234	797	756	478	500	574	598
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	328	335	82	96	301	308	192	179	220	283
Midwest	331	346	82	89	315	318	185	191	226	229
South	544	514	143	141	511	489	308	326	368	381
West	471	428	122	111	438	414	258	245	313	313
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	866	946	243	226	771	853	501	580	497	569
Small Metro	622	646	201	203	541	565	350	371	347	390
Nonmetro	419	375	114	96	370	325	213	197	240	213
Urbanized	288	261	98	77	237	222	146	125	142	153
Less Urbanized	291	284	58	61	260	248	144	155	171	149
Completely Rural	155	80	22	17	148	72	70	52	99	39
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	448	471	155	135	415	433	234	248	306	317
100-199%	469	454	146	146	428	418	252	265	331	308
200% or More	774	832	209	213	702	761	485	534	437	524
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	241	237	69	80	273	249	122	118	240	208
High School Graduate	434	427	143	140	476	457	284	281	363	335
Some College/Associate’s Degree	481	488	230	211	516	544	324	381	375	409
College Graduate	427	440	109	117	472	581	368	401	274	353
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	759	803	255	241	673	720	448	519	431	481
Medicaid/CHIP	544	535	150	133	501	503	311	304	362	347
Other³	558	528	63	76	554	523	184	180	503	487
No Coverage	238	279	76	87	227	258	183	206	135	135
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.3D – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.33	0.31	0.64	0.67	0.36	0.33	0.46	0.47	0.48	0.49
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.73	0.73	1.43	1.63	0.77	0.77	1.11	1.01	1.01	1.29
Midwest	0.63	0.65	1.15	1.23	0.69	0.69	0.89	0.91	0.90	0.91
South	0.55	0.51	1.09	1.05	0.60	0.56	0.77	0.80	0.80	0.81
West	0.77	0.69	1.52	1.35	0.83	0.77	1.01	0.94	1.15	1.14
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.46	0.44	0.92	0.92	0.50	0.48	0.62	0.65	0.69	0.73
Small Metro	0.55	0.51	1.05	1.10	0.58	0.56	0.79	0.79	0.78	0.81
Nonmetro	0.76	0.77	1.65	1.45	0.83	0.81	1.17	1.21	1.11	1.04
Urbanized	1.21	1.22	2.39	2.22	1.30	1.35	1.83	1.92	1.72	1.87
Less Urbanized	1.06	1.02	2.14	2.06	1.15	1.03	1.71	1.64	1.51	1.29
Completely Rural	2.47	1.97	5.92	4.59	2.69	2.13	2.41	4.59	3.93	2.56
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.87	0.92	1.20	1.28	1.06	1.08	1.18	1.16	1.72	1.74
100-199%	0.80	0.72	1.44	1.28	0.88	0.82	1.06	1.14	1.27	1.18
200% or More	0.36	0.37	0.88	0.86	0.38	0.39	0.55	0.56	0.47	0.55
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.99	0.98	1.63	1.91	1.12	1.10	1.40	1.36	1.60	1.53
High School Graduate	0.63	0.61	0.99	0.94	0.72	0.70	0.95	0.95	0.97	0.90
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.62	0.63	1.11	1.13	0.68	0.70	0.87	0.96	0.97	1.04
College Graduate	0.49	0.49	1.51	1.45	0.51	0.51	0.68	0.65	0.66	0.75
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.39	0.38	0.88	0.89	0.41	0.40	0.54	0.56	0.53	0.57
Medicaid/CHIP	0.80	0.85	1.11	1.26	0.95	1.01	1.01	1.10	1.66	1.64
Other³	0.61	0.60	1.89	2.00	0.63	0.62	1.75	1.58	0.66	0.66
No Coverage	0.96	0.98	1.48	1.49	1.15	1.16	1.26	1.26	2.56	2.37
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.3P – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.1292	0.5034	0.0725	0.4421	0.1148
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.5692	0.8052	0.4811	0.0493	0.6006
Midwest	0.0631	0.3653	0.0267	0.0400	0.2111
South	0.3527	0.9292	0.3168	0.5657	0.4285
West	0.4037	0.5089	0.2752	0.4499	0.4282
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.0645	0.7247	0.0562	0.1490	0.1486
Small Metro	1.0000	0.1189	0.6421	0.5429	0.3711
Nonmetro	0.8493	0.7647	0.8651	0.8024	0.7922
Urbanized	0.9104	0.0672	0.7724	0.2455	0.1944
Less Urbanized	0.2871	0.1453	0.4268	0.8769	0.6519
Completely Rural	0.0270	0.9608	0.0216	0.1838	0.0011
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.9880	0.5946	0.8734	0.5393	0.5025
100-199%	0.3544	0.7095	0.3068	0.7871	0.1824
200% or More	0.1761	0.2790	0.0839	0.4456	0.0948
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.7441	0.5158	0.6008	0.8890	0.6036
High School Graduate	0.9589	0.1273	0.7909	0.7376	0.9826
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.2166	0.9556	0.1742	0.6884	0.1307
College Graduate	0.0819	0.8464	0.0640	0.5045	0.0612
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.1747	0.1848	0.0642	0.8766	0.0300
Medicaid/CHIP	0.3570	0.4799	0.4399	0.8261	0.4735
Other³	0.4022	0.1248	0.5002	0.7320	0.5140
No Coverage	0.0458	0.0940	0.1433	0.0731	0.9731
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.4C – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	422	422	261	294	306	293
18-25	133	133	83	86	98	103
18-20	81	75	53	58	61	56
21-25	123	122	68	73	95	92
26 or Older	393	401	244	279	285	275
26-49	272	278	179	190	194	185
26-29	141	133	97	102	99	72
30-34	145	148	97	89	108	114
35-39	130	114	84	73	89	88
40-44	103	117	64	80	80	83
45-49	90	112	56	85	72	69
50 or Older	267	300	151	207	210	213
50-54	134	205	70	139	112	152
55-59	112	150	79	127	79	80
60-64	124	97	91	61	85	75
65 or Older	148	121	64	73	131	95
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.4D – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	0.16	0.16	0.21	0.23	0.23	0.22
18-25	0.39	0.38	0.49	0.49	0.58	0.59
18-20	0.63	0.57	0.81	0.86	0.96	0.87
21-25	0.50	0.48	0.60	0.61	0.74	0.74
26 or Older	0.18	0.18	0.23	0.25	0.25	0.23
26-49	0.26	0.26	0.35	0.36	0.37	0.35
26-29	0.72	0.71	1.01	1.04	1.03	0.81
30-34	0.60	0.59	0.84	0.75	0.87	0.87
35-39	0.52	0.48	0.68	0.60	0.74	0.76
40-44	0.48	0.52	0.61	0.72	0.73	0.71
45-49	0.48	0.58	0.61	0.88	0.74	0.69
50 or Older	0.22	0.25	0.27	0.36	0.33	0.33
50-54	0.70	1.00	0.80	1.47	1.09	1.38
55-59	0.53	0.76	0.80	1.30	0.72	0.81
60-64	0.53	0.42	0.74	0.53	0.77	0.67
65 or Older	0.25	0.20	0.24	0.27	0.42	0.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.4P – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Age Category	Total (2023)	Male (2023)	Female (2023)
TOTAL	0.6520	0.2285	0.0703
18-25	0.0878	0.7254	0.0105
18-20	0.2889	0.9244	0.1090
21-25	0.1752	0.7101	0.0422
26 or Older	0.9367	0.2524	0.3126
26-49	0.2433	0.5863	0.0302
26-29	0.2756	0.2538	0.0032
30-34	0.1682	0.1605	0.5292
35-39	0.3179	0.2809	0.6998
40-44	0.9025	0.2875	0.4340
45-49	0.2412	0.0603	0.8129
50 or Older	0.2348	0.2983	0.5025
50-54	0.0653	0.4663	0.0722
55-59	0.1981	0.1070	0.9720
60-64	0.5438	0.2178	0.7379
65 or Older	0.5144	0.5556	0.2625
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.5C – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	422	422	133	133	393	401	272	278	267	300
SEX
Male	261	294	83	86	244	279	179	190	151	207
Female	306	293	98	103	285	275	194	185	210	213
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	373	398	109	122	348	377	230	241	246	294
AIAN	8	12	6	7	4	9	4	8	1	4
Asian	76	99	35	52	71	84	49	62	*	60
Black or African American	118	135	37	43	110	127	90	94	54	86
NHPI	*	*	*	<1	*	*	*	2	*	*
White	334	382	109	104	300	361	223	239	200	256
Two or More Races	119	94	35	32	112	88	48	53	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	182	145	71	60	166	129	129	117	112	50
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	287	260	88	94	265	242	209	217	158	136
Part-Time	149	147	84	71	117	127	90	102	72	74
Unemployed	96	112	35	36	89	105	80	90	39	53
Other¹	252	302	66	71	245	293	139	132	196	260
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.5D – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.16	0.16	0.39	0.38	0.18	0.18	0.26	0.26	0.22	0.25
SEX
Male	0.21	0.23	0.49	0.49	0.23	0.25	0.35	0.36	0.27	0.36
Female	0.23	0.22	0.58	0.59	0.25	0.23	0.37	0.35	0.33	0.33
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.18	0.19	0.42	0.47	0.19	0.20	0.28	0.29	0.23	0.28
AIAN	0.69	0.98	4.04	4.30	0.46	0.88	1.08	1.50	0.18	0.89
Asian	0.48	0.58	1.56	2.01	0.51	0.57	0.62	0.76	*	0.90
Black or African American	0.37	0.41	0.79	0.87	0.40	0.46	0.63	0.64	0.41	0.65
NHPI	*	*	*	0.23	*	*	*	0.35	*	*
White	0.20	0.22	0.54	0.51	0.21	0.24	0.36	0.37	0.24	0.30
Two or More Races	2.05	1.57	2.77	2.48	2.46	1.87	2.02	1.98	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.40	0.30	0.86	0.69	0.45	0.33	0.59	0.51	0.74	0.31
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.23	0.20	0.59	0.61	0.24	0.21	0.29	0.30	0.40	0.35
Part-Time	0.45	0.43	0.91	0.74	0.49	0.51	0.80	0.84	0.56	0.58
Unemployed	0.83	0.81	1.02	0.92	1.07	1.06	1.33	1.32	1.63	1.75
Other¹	0.26	0.30	0.72	0.79	0.28	0.32	0.69	0.64	0.29	0.37
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.5P – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.6520	0.0878	0.9367	0.2433	0.2348
SEX
Male	0.2285	0.7254	0.2524	0.5863	0.2983
Female	0.0703	0.0105	0.3126	0.0302	0.5025
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.6170	0.4182	0.4303	0.5083	0.1204
AIAN	0.5521	0.8936	0.4129	0.9752	0.2787
Asian	0.2223	0.2926	0.4296	0.5812	*
Black or African American	0.1417	0.9802	0.1191	0.4255	0.1142
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.8896	0.2027	0.8123	0.2982	0.2086
Two or More Races	0.7061	0.7900	0.7505	0.8765	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.0313	0.0563	0.1201	0.2198	0.3575
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1449	0.1975	0.2438	0.2871	0.5150
Part-Time	0.4815	0.0170	0.5683	0.7969	0.7190
Unemployed	0.8911	0.8600	0.9374	0.7442	0.5336
Other¹	0.2772	0.3652	0.3492	0.3154	0.0997
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.6C – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	422	422	133	133	393	401	272	278	267	300
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	169	212	52	53	150	200	106	98	103	170
Midwest	139	180	53	58	123	163	97	123	68	109
South	261	240	87	76	241	226	179	182	162	154
West	233	222	69	70	224	220	146	140	171	155
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	352	355	116	121	315	329	226	238	193	230
Small Metro	273	269	88	75	251	252	167	172	183	183
Nonmetro	137	156	49	39	115	145	100	89	63	105
Urbanized	90	120	34	27	71	111	62	57	37	85
Less Urbanized	99	102	35	26	85	95	73	68	45	63
Completely Rural	42	25	10	5	39	25	31	17	24	18
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	191	246	72	61	181	235	124	124	123	196
100-199%	215	182	70	67	195	169	126	125	146	116
200% or More	323	335	107	109	296	310	222	221	181	209
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	132	82	36	44	130	65	61	42	116	49
High School Graduate	208	213	70	69	199	207	142	138	135	158
Some College/Associate’s Degree	246	268	102	104	235	267	174	170	151	214
College Graduate	205	225	57	53	199	235	159	185	118	141
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	301	312	123	113	269	287	199	208	171	191
Medicaid/CHIP	202	272	65	58	190	264	154	154	111	215
Other³	224	234	41	45	221	228	96	106	200	200
No Coverage	138	119	35	51	130	108	98	97	87	49
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.6D – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.16	0.16	0.39	0.38	0.18	0.18	0.26	0.26	0.22	0.25
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.38	0.46	0.91	0.91	0.38	0.50	0.61	0.55	0.47	0.78
Midwest	0.26	0.34	0.75	0.79	0.27	0.35	0.47	0.59	0.27	0.43
South	0.26	0.24	0.67	0.56	0.28	0.26	0.45	0.45	0.35	0.33
West	0.38	0.36	0.86	0.85	0.42	0.41	0.57	0.53	0.63	0.56
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.23	0.22	0.56	0.59	0.24	0.24	0.34	0.35	0.30	0.34
Small Metro	0.30	0.28	0.62	0.54	0.34	0.31	0.50	0.46	0.46	0.44
Nonmetro	0.32	0.42	1.02	0.75	0.32	0.48	0.68	0.72	0.34	0.62
Urbanized	0.52	0.77	1.43	0.98	0.51	0.91	1.00	1.17	0.53	1.25
Less Urbanized	0.46	0.50	1.61	1.19	0.47	0.57	1.08	1.01	0.46	0.70
Completely Rural	0.96	0.85	2.84	1.94	1.02	0.97	1.35	1.70	1.56	1.14
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.46	0.57	0.77	0.69	0.55	0.68	0.72	0.69	0.81	1.20
100-199%	0.42	0.35	0.83	0.71	0.46	0.39	0.68	0.61	0.63	0.50
200% or More	0.18	0.18	0.55	0.55	0.19	0.19	0.30	0.29	0.22	0.25
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.54	0.34	0.96	1.18	0.61	0.32	0.77	0.54	0.89	0.39
High School Graduate	0.30	0.30	0.57	0.54	0.33	0.35	0.57	0.56	0.39	0.46
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.32	0.34	0.68	0.71	0.35	0.39	0.54	0.53	0.43	0.60
College Graduate	0.24	0.25	0.94	0.82	0.24	0.26	0.35	0.39	0.30	0.34
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.18	0.18	0.55	0.52	0.19	0.19	0.28	0.28	0.23	0.26
Medicaid/CHIP	0.38	0.54	0.64	0.64	0.46	0.64	0.65	0.68	0.60	1.14
Other³	0.28	0.29	1.34	1.46	0.29	0.30	1.12	1.12	0.30	0.30
No Coverage	0.60	0.48	0.78	0.96	0.70	0.55	0.74	0.67	1.63	0.93
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.6P – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.6520	0.0878	0.9367	0.2433	0.2348
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.5080	0.3196	0.6676	0.0247	0.2549
Midwest	0.0163	0.6715	0.0131	0.2970	0.0081
South	0.2431	0.1611	0.4348	0.5413	0.5979
West	0.5082	0.2622	0.7588	0.5545	0.9188
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.5955	0.5095	0.7130	0.9458	0.5059
Small Metro	0.0463	0.0003	0.3431	0.1292	0.9551
Nonmetro	0.4068	0.1639	0.2430	0.3321	0.0190
Urbanized	0.2846	0.2592	0.1956	0.4914	0.0248
Less Urbanized	0.5395	0.5829	0.4133	0.5813	0.2133
Completely Rural	0.0700	0.1536	0.1663	0.3336	0.5896
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.2738	0.4189	0.1567	0.5314	0.0293
100-199%	0.3982	0.1791	0.6226	0.4090	0.9973
200% or More	0.3592	0.3446	0.5108	0.4247	0.9044
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.1637	0.4895	0.0788	0.0835	0.2848
High School Graduate	0.3008	0.0247	0.6666	0.1956	0.6572
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.8470	0.6233	0.9948	0.0621	0.0861
College Graduate	0.2656	0.2497	0.1407	0.1301	0.6608
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.4976	0.0213	0.8570	0.4832	0.3634
Medicaid/CHIP	0.4083	0.2360	0.2496	0.2240	0.0057
Other³	0.5497	0.6688	0.5851	0.8089	0.7568
No Coverage	0.8770	0.1248	0.4662	0.8723	0.2687
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.7C – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness (2024)	Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Serious Mental Illness (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2024)	No Mental Illness (2023)	No Mental Illness (2024)
TOTAL	845	814	422	422	701	732	845	814
AGE GROUP
18-25	219	234	133	133	186	207	219	234
26 or Older	797	756	393	401	683	682	797	756
26-49	478	500	272	278	423	441	478	500
50 or Older	574	598	267	300	522	537	574	598
SEX
Male	552	554	261	294	479	480	552	554
Female	577	591	306	293	495	523	577	591
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	763	736	373	398	643	672	763	736
AIAN	39	45	8	12	38	43	82	81
Asian	223	230	76	99	210	204	642	722
Black or African American	324	320	118	135	289	282	862	829
NHPI	*	42	*	*	*	22	*	152
White	816	871	334	382	666	717	2,166	2,121
Two or More Races	166	146	119	94	113	106	206	219
Hispanic or Latino	304	329	182	145	270	301	304	329
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	636	671	287	260	532	576	1,639	1,565
Part-Time	289	358	149	147	229	312	667	582
Unemployed	201	224	96	112	177	188	330	361
Other¹	660	630	252	302	575	535	1,431	1,525
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.7D – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness (2024)	Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Serious Mental Illness (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2024)	No Mental Illness (2023)	No Mental Illness (2024)
TOTAL	0.33	0.31	0.16	0.16	0.27	0.28	0.33	0.31
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.64	0.67	0.39	0.38	0.55	0.59	0.64	0.67
26 or Older	0.36	0.33	0.18	0.18	0.31	0.30	0.36	0.33
26-49	0.46	0.47	0.26	0.26	0.41	0.42	0.46	0.47
50 or Older	0.48	0.49	0.22	0.25	0.43	0.44	0.48	0.49
SEX
Male	0.44	0.43	0.21	0.23	0.38	0.38	0.44	0.43
Female	0.44	0.44	0.23	0.22	0.37	0.39	0.44	0.44
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.36	0.34	0.18	0.19	0.30	0.31	0.36	0.34
AIAN	3.31	3.24	0.69	0.98	3.26	3.15	3.31	3.24
Asian	1.28	1.20	0.48	0.58	1.21	1.07	1.28	1.20
Black or African American	0.87	0.84	0.37	0.41	0.79	0.76	0.87	0.84
NHPI	*	3.52	*	*	*	2.03	*	3.52
White	0.41	0.41	0.20	0.22	0.34	0.37	0.41	0.41
Two or More Races	2.43	2.11	2.05	1.57	1.86	1.72	2.43	2.11
Hispanic or Latino	0.67	0.69	0.40	0.30	0.60	0.63	0.67	0.69
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.43	0.42	0.23	0.20	0.37	0.38	0.43	0.42
Part-Time	0.82	0.86	0.45	0.43	0.68	0.80	0.82	0.86
Unemployed	1.47	1.34	0.83	0.81	1.34	1.23	1.47	1.34
Other¹	0.57	0.55	0.26	0.30	0.52	0.49	0.57	0.55
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.7P – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2023)	Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2023)	No Mental Illness (2023)
TOTAL	0.1292	0.6520	0.0488	0.1292
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.5034	0.0878	0.6555	0.5034
26 or Older	0.0725	0.9367	0.0529	0.0725
26-49	0.4421	0.2433	0.1091	0.4421
50 or Older	0.1148	0.2348	0.2599	0.1148
SEX
Male	0.0863	0.2285	0.2013	0.0863
Female	0.6022	0.0703	0.1014	0.6022
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0970	0.6170	0.1207	0.0970
AIAN	0.5883	0.5521	0.6952	0.5883
Asian	0.5447	0.2223	0.2385	0.5447
Black or African American	0.2198	0.1417	0.5446	0.2198
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	0.0465	0.8896	0.0213	0.0465
Two or More Races	0.6994	0.7061	0.8958	0.6994
Hispanic or Latino	0.9206	0.0313	0.1502	0.9206
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1952	0.1449	0.0240	0.1952
Part-Time	0.0724	0.4815	0.0173	0.0724
Unemployed	0.3872	0.8911	0.2946	0.3872
Other¹	0.8061	0.2772	0.3922	0.8061
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.8C – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness (2024)	Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Serious Mental Illness (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2024)	No Mental Illness (2023)	No Mental Illness (2024)
TOTAL	845	814	422	422	701	732	845	814
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	328	335	169	212	295	289	328	335
Midwest	331	346	139	180	297	308	331	346
South	544	514	261	240	452	467	544	514
West	471	428	233	222	377	383	471	428
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	866	946	352	355	703	787	2,236	2,233
Small Metro	622	646	273	269	483	531	1,638	1,650
Nonmetro	419	375	137	156	340	306	1,191	1,111
Urbanized	288	261	90	120	238	202	788	762
Less Urbanized	291	284	99	102	234	227	954	818
Completely Rural	155	80	42	25	124	66	365	367
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	448	471	191	246	377	369	795	831
100-199%	469	454	215	182	390	398	980	945
200% or More	774	832	323	335	649	711	2,296	2,236
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	241	237	132	82	213	219	241	237
High School Graduate	434	427	208	213	388	377	434	427
Some College/Associate’s Degree	481	488	246	268	402	434	481	488
College Graduate	427	440	205	225	377	397	427	440
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	759	803	301	312	631	691	2,151	2,065
Medicaid/CHIP	544	535	202	272	465	432	874	949
Other³	558	528	224	234	494	454	1,369	1,348
No Coverage	238	279	138	119	196	233	616	602
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.8D – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness (2024)	Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Serious Mental Illness (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2024)	No Mental Illness (2023)	No Mental Illness (2024)
TOTAL	0.33	0.31	0.16	0.16	0.27	0.28	0.33	0.31
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.73	0.73	0.38	0.46	0.66	0.63	0.73	0.73
Midwest	0.63	0.65	0.26	0.34	0.56	0.57	0.63	0.65
South	0.55	0.51	0.26	0.24	0.46	0.46	0.55	0.51
West	0.77	0.69	0.38	0.36	0.62	0.62	0.77	0.69
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.46	0.44	0.23	0.22	0.39	0.39	0.46	0.44
Small Metro	0.55	0.51	0.30	0.28	0.45	0.48	0.55	0.51
Nonmetro	0.76	0.77	0.32	0.42	0.69	0.72	0.76	0.77
Urbanized	1.21	1.22	0.52	0.77	1.13	1.12	1.21	1.22
Less Urbanized	1.06	1.02	0.46	0.50	0.95	0.94	1.06	1.02
Completely Rural	2.47	1.97	0.96	0.85	2.25	1.73	2.47	1.97
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.87	0.92	0.46	0.57	0.76	0.75	0.87	0.92
100-199%	0.80	0.72	0.42	0.35	0.68	0.65	0.80	0.72
200% or More	0.36	0.37	0.18	0.18	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.37
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.99	0.98	0.54	0.34	0.87	0.91	0.99	0.98
High School Graduate	0.63	0.61	0.30	0.30	0.56	0.54	0.63	0.61
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.62	0.63	0.32	0.34	0.52	0.56	0.62	0.63
College Graduate	0.49	0.49	0.24	0.25	0.44	0.44	0.49	0.49
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.39	0.38	0.18	0.18	0.34	0.34	0.39	0.38
Medicaid/CHIP	0.80	0.85	0.38	0.54	0.72	0.72	0.80	0.85
Other³	0.61	0.60	0.28	0.29	0.55	0.53	0.61	0.60
No Coverage	0.96	0.98	0.60	0.48	0.81	0.84	0.96	0.98
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.8P – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness (2023)	Serious Mental Illness (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness (2023)	No Mental Illness (2023)
TOTAL	0.1292	0.6520	0.0488	0.1292
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.5692	0.5080	0.8219	0.5692
Midwest	0.0631	0.0163	0.4518	0.0631
South	0.3527	0.2431	0.0816	0.3527
West	0.4037	0.5082	0.1775	0.4037
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.0645	0.5955	0.0782	0.0645
Small Metro	1.0000	0.0463	0.2163	1.0000
Nonmetro	0.8493	0.4068	0.8212	0.8493
Urbanized	0.9104	0.2846	0.4608	0.9104
Less Urbanized	0.2871	0.5395	0.3677	0.2871
Completely Rural	0.0270	0.0700	0.0854	0.0270
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.9880	0.2738	0.4605	0.9880
100-199%	0.3544	0.3982	0.1332	0.3544
200% or More	0.1761	0.3592	0.0508	0.1761
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.7441	0.1637	0.7026	0.7441
High School Graduate	0.9589	0.3008	0.6196	0.9589
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.2166	0.8470	0.1175	0.2166
College Graduate	0.0819	0.2656	0.2023	0.0819
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.1747	0.4976	0.0659	0.1747
Medicaid/CHIP	0.3570	0.4083	0.1177	0.3570
Other³	0.4022	0.5497	0.5367	0.4022
No Coverage	0.0458	0.8770	0.0156	0.0458
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.9C – Substance Use Disorder or Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	985	937	227	230	918	885	526	560	713	706
SEX
Male	680	662	165	158	645	629	382	413	503	471
Female	633	670	156	169	590	633	336	350	466	509
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	898	859	189	198	840	815	461	474	676	671
AIAN	56	57	14	14	54	53	44	43	30	30
Asian	281	271	85	97	268	237	149	153	210	182
Black or African American	403	429	116	111	372	394	283	279	228	242
NHPI	*	55	*	*	*	52	*	28	*	*
White	1,096	1,134	290	262	976	1,042	572	628	694	766
Two or More Races	184	161	52	55	171	151	96	117	140	96
Hispanic or Latino	355	364	118	119	327	342	247	263	221	233
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	879	842	206	228	805	776	611	651	463	425
Part-Time	354	421	181	183	296	369	218	236	201	275
Unemployed	251	277	96	110	227	244	160	201	150	134
Other¹	795	753	166	141	771	730	324	284	651	645
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.9D – Substance Use Disorder or Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.38	0.36	0.67	0.66	0.41	0.39	0.51	0.53	0.59	0.58
SEX
Male	0.54	0.52	0.97	0.90	0.60	0.57	0.74	0.78	0.88	0.82
Female	0.48	0.50	0.92	0.97	0.51	0.54	0.65	0.66	0.74	0.80
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.42	0.40	0.73	0.76	0.45	0.43	0.57	0.57	0.64	0.64
AIAN	4.06	3.61	6.24	5.60	4.58	3.95	5.52	5.45	5.29	5.60
Asian	1.54	1.35	2.77	2.78	1.74	1.43	1.61	1.71	3.19	2.48
Black or African American	0.99	0.96	1.66	1.64	1.13	1.09	1.47	1.30	1.58	1.61
NHPI	*	4.55	*	*	*	4.95	*	5.06	*	*
White	0.47	0.47	0.87	0.86	0.50	0.51	0.64	0.68	0.68	0.71
Two or More Races	2.41	2.18	2.93	3.51	2.88	2.61	2.87	2.71	5.09	4.57
Hispanic or Latino	0.78	0.76	1.43	1.36	0.88	0.88	1.12	1.14	1.46	1.46
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.52	0.48	0.95	1.05	0.56	0.51	0.62	0.65	1.04	0.91
Part-Time	0.94	0.95	1.30	1.40	1.12	1.19	1.51	1.48	1.47	1.82
Unemployed	1.62	1.51	2.06	1.89	2.11	1.93	2.17	2.09	4.92	3.77
Other¹	0.66	0.60	1.32	1.23	0.71	0.65	1.16	1.12	0.82	0.78
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.9P – Substance Use Disorder or Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.6841	0.2758	0.4979	0.7825	0.3441
SEX
Male	0.6458	0.9526	0.6560	0.6369	0.8944
Female	0.8908	0.1070	0.5841	0.3206	0.2044
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.5167	0.5130	0.4076	0.9716	0.3729
AIAN	0.6925	0.5382	0.7602	0.2582	0.8681
Asian	0.4554	0.9222	0.4047	0.8524	0.4027
Black or African American	0.2496	0.9615	0.2239	0.1711	0.6247
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.2542	0.5704	0.1912	0.8230	0.0907
Two or More Races	0.1611	0.5486	0.1972	0.9331	0.0259
Hispanic or Latino	0.6905	0.3498	0.8932	0.6331	0.7128
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.7990	0.6678	0.8430	0.7354	0.3798
Part-Time	0.1261	0.0847	0.0187	0.9942	0.0044
Unemployed	0.5695	0.1115	0.9730	0.4058	0.5251
Other¹	0.8618	0.3161	0.9609	0.0521	0.3994
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.10C – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	509	536	165	152	474	494	320	349	311	330
SEX
Male	351	392	119	97	329	371	230	254	215	249
Female	336	344	108	116	311	315	211	215	217	213
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	460	474	139	131	433	441	280	295	294	314
AIAN	28	24	8	8	27	23	25	21	13	8
Asian	91	101	40	30	83	94	59	58	59	75
Black or African American	197	153	61	56	187	137	160	113	97	78
NHPI	*	8	*	2	*	8	*	7	*	*
White	406	464	132	119	376	428	264	306	253	298
Two or More Races	65	93	35	32	57	87	50	81	29	33
Hispanic or Latino	193	231	83	81	171	210	138	170	106	104
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	326	351	112	105	295	327	256	298	138	128
Part-Time	171	188	94	90	140	160	117	119	72	105
Unemployed	136	141	49	59	129	124	106	120	70	33
Other¹	328	350	69	69	316	343	160	164	263	290
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.10D – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.20	0.20	0.48	0.44	0.21	0.22	0.31	0.33	0.26	0.27
SEX
Male	0.28	0.31	0.70	0.55	0.30	0.34	0.45	0.48	0.38	0.43
Female	0.25	0.26	0.63	0.67	0.27	0.27	0.41	0.40	0.34	0.33
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.22	0.22	0.54	0.50	0.23	0.23	0.34	0.36	0.28	0.30
AIAN	2.57	1.92	5.00	4.57	2.82	2.10	5.18	3.62	2.37	1.74
Asian	0.57	0.57	1.74	1.20	0.60	0.63	0.74	0.71	0.98	1.10
Black or African American	0.57	0.45	1.19	1.06	0.65	0.48	1.02	0.72	0.73	0.59
NHPI	*	0.77	*	1.30	*	0.87	*	1.31	*	*
White	0.24	0.27	0.64	0.60	0.25	0.28	0.41	0.45	0.30	0.35
Two or More Races	1.21	1.56	2.70	2.51	1.36	1.85	2.12	2.70	1.48	1.78
Hispanic or Latino	0.42	0.48	1.00	0.93	0.46	0.54	0.63	0.74	0.70	0.65
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.25	0.27	0.74	0.67	0.26	0.28	0.34	0.39	0.35	0.33
Part-Time	0.53	0.54	0.95	0.93	0.60	0.64	1.00	0.96	0.57	0.82
Unemployed	1.09	0.95	1.39	1.42	1.47	1.20	1.69	1.63	2.76	1.13
Other¹	0.33	0.34	0.75	0.78	0.35	0.37	0.77	0.77	0.38	0.41
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.10P – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.5778	0.2154	0.3290	0.4139	0.6039
SEX
Male	0.1329	0.3191	0.0617	0.0178	0.7666
Female	0.4475	0.4599	0.5563	0.1624	0.6576
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.7965	0.1504	0.4842	0.6679	0.6016
AIAN	0.9000	0.9632	0.8769	0.8667	0.4350
Asian	0.9612	0.3001	0.7303	0.9243	0.5685
Black or African American	0.4956	0.8434	0.4346	0.3954	0.8370
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.4081	0.2601	0.2292	0.3982	0.3872
Two or More Races	0.4443	0.4259	0.2492	0.2423	0.7770
Hispanic or Latino	0.4000	0.9557	0.3825	0.3145	0.9359
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.8983	0.1507	0.7597	0.8357	0.9660
Part-Time	0.7411	0.0098	0.3440	1.0000	0.1801
Unemployed	0.8291	0.3513	0.5365	0.5605	0.0390
Other¹	0.2674	0.1268	0.4015	0.4232	0.6192
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.11C – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	509	536	165	152	474	494	320	349	311	330
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	213	212	63	62	196	197	121	122	141	168
Midwest	190	214	63	63	174	197	121	140	116	117
South	304	339	96	88	286	313	207	231	186	192
West	257	258	94	86	239	243	173	184	157	160
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	413	468	129	129	373	425	283	324	224	265
Small Metro	322	325	134	115	278	285	196	205	178	181
Nonmetro	188	195	57	56	169	169	105	106	112	114
Urbanized	117	142	42	45	103	118	68	72	62	83
Less Urbanized	135	137	37	35	121	122	74	76	86	79
Completely Rural	58	20	11	8	54	19	34	18	32	6
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	268	303	86	83	250	287	135	154	194	216
100-199%	241	242	100	84	216	217	154	157	140	149
200% or More	376	391	125	118	341	358	267	292	195	211
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	138	122	41	42	134	118	74	79	109	84
High School Graduate	286	284	90	85	283	272	160	178	219	191
Some College/Associate’s Degree	297	316	139	118	270	318	216	225	147	218
College Graduate	239	260	60	77	241	268	201	210	124	148
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	342	397	136	128	309	365	237	298	188	204
Medicaid/CHIP	324	319	113	84	292	296	184	182	213	221
Other³	288	249	45	46	285	244	110	93	256	223
No Coverage	158	163	46	52	153	150	133	140	67	48
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.11D – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.20	0.20	0.48	0.44	0.21	0.22	0.31	0.33	0.26	0.27
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.47	0.46	1.10	1.05	0.50	0.50	0.69	0.69	0.65	0.76
Midwest	0.36	0.40	0.88	0.86	0.38	0.43	0.59	0.67	0.46	0.46
South	0.31	0.34	0.74	0.65	0.33	0.36	0.52	0.56	0.40	0.41
West	0.42	0.42	1.16	1.05	0.45	0.45	0.68	0.71	0.58	0.58
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.26	0.28	0.61	0.61	0.28	0.30	0.41	0.45	0.34	0.39
Small Metro	0.36	0.34	0.92	0.77	0.37	0.36	0.56	0.55	0.45	0.44
Nonmetro	0.46	0.54	1.12	1.10	0.48	0.56	0.74	0.86	0.59	0.67
Urbanized	0.70	0.89	1.68	1.72	0.74	0.92	1.15	1.31	0.85	1.20
Less Urbanized	0.62	0.74	1.66	1.52	0.66	0.77	1.12	1.18	0.84	0.92
Completely Rural	1.58	0.69	3.29	2.32	1.62	0.79	1.91	2.24	2.00	0.39
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.61	0.67	0.83	0.85	0.74	0.80	0.76	0.82	1.22	1.29
100-199%	0.47	0.46	1.15	0.89	0.51	0.51	0.78	0.77	0.59	0.64
200% or More	0.21	0.21	0.64	0.59	0.21	0.22	0.36	0.37	0.23	0.25
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.56	0.51	1.11	1.11	0.62	0.56	0.91	1.01	0.81	0.64
High School Graduate	0.41	0.40	0.72	0.64	0.46	0.46	0.62	0.69	0.62	0.56
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.39	0.41	0.89	0.77	0.41	0.45	0.66	0.67	0.42	0.60
College Graduate	0.28	0.29	0.99	1.16	0.28	0.29	0.44	0.42	0.31	0.36
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.20	0.23	0.62	0.58	0.21	0.24	0.34	0.39	0.25	0.27
Medicaid/CHIP	0.58	0.59	1.00	0.87	0.66	0.68	0.72	0.77	1.13	1.15
Other³	0.36	0.31	1.46	1.48	0.37	0.32	1.28	1.04	0.37	0.33
No Coverage	0.67	0.64	1.00	0.94	0.81	0.75	0.97	0.91	1.28	0.92
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.11P – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.5778	0.2154	0.3290	0.4139	0.6039
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.1947	0.1325	0.3602	0.5034	0.4830
Midwest	0.4361	0.1521	0.1809	0.2460	0.5128
South	0.7853	0.9267	0.7550	0.7951	0.8870
West	0.1926	0.9760	0.1634	0.3976	0.2659
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.1519	0.7256	0.1450	0.3596	0.1882
Small Metro	0.1546	0.0147	0.4944	0.9734	0.2494
Nonmetro	0.4398	0.9794	0.4629	0.6618	0.6077
Urbanized	0.5483	0.7258	0.5386	0.8889	0.3191
Less Urbanized	0.3164	0.7078	0.3355	0.4686	0.7806
Completely Rural	0.1146	0.9269	0.0953	0.7145	0.0974
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.2620	0.5948	0.2975	0.1182	0.7877
100-199%	0.8305	0.2982	0.5832	0.8565	0.6502
200% or More	0.8111	0.1906	0.8598	0.9175	0.8623
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.3907	0.6284	0.2724	0.7764	0.1036
High School Graduate	0.6560	0.3828	0.5125	0.0766	0.5842
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.4447	0.1717	0.1731	0.6574	0.0972
College Graduate	0.8295	0.8615	0.8569	0.5872	0.2941
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.4392	0.0607	0.1433	0.2555	0.4015
Medicaid/CHIP	0.8115	0.5537	0.9600	0.8697	0.9320
Other³	0.5319	0.9060	0.5478	0.2158	0.7857
No Coverage	0.2206	0.1044	0.4651	0.3944	0.8327
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.12C – Substance Use Disorder or Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	842	830	210	205	774	791	466	509	573	583
SEX
Male	603	628	147	143	563	609	352	382	432	426
Female	502	525	137	144	464	496	289	297	339	371
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	763	745	171	175	712	714	409	437	542	545
AIAN	50	43	*	11	47	38	37	34	28	17
Asian	181	186	65	74	171	167	103	105	131	143
Black or African American	312	324	88	91	294	296	238	210	156	181
NHPI	*	51	*	*	*	50	*	26	*	*
White	818	857	221	198	733	792	449	494	533	566
Two or More Races	149	138	46	46	141	129	82	100	113	82
Hispanic or Latino	324	317	114	103	288	295	223	217	198	181
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	674	650	169	185	624	605	484	509	378	313
Part-Time	292	309	148	140	238	263	173	179	166	191
Unemployed	207	230	77	82	188	204	139	170	118	101
Other¹	566	570	124	106	545	555	244	231	441	491
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.12D – Substance Use Disorder or Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.33	0.32	0.62	0.59	0.35	0.35	0.45	0.48	0.48	0.48
SEX
Male	0.48	0.49	0.86	0.81	0.52	0.55	0.68	0.73	0.76	0.74
Female	0.38	0.39	0.81	0.83	0.40	0.42	0.56	0.56	0.54	0.58
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.36	0.35	0.66	0.67	0.38	0.38	0.50	0.53	0.52	0.52
AIAN	3.92	3.03	*	5.50	4.33	3.18	6.15	5.07	4.89	3.44
Asian	1.08	1.01	2.52	2.55	1.18	1.07	1.25	1.27	2.09	2.02
Black or African American	0.83	0.81	1.48	1.43	0.96	0.91	1.34	1.13	1.15	1.29
NHPI	*	4.22	*	*	*	4.66	*	4.55	*	*
White	0.40	0.41	0.79	0.78	0.43	0.45	0.59	0.64	0.57	0.58
Two or More Races	2.28	2.00	3.01	3.17	2.79	2.39	2.87	2.81	4.85	4.09
Hispanic or Latino	0.71	0.66	1.38	1.18	0.78	0.76	1.01	0.94	1.30	1.13
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.44	0.44	0.91	0.96	0.48	0.48	0.55	0.60	0.89	0.76
Part-Time	0.83	0.83	1.26	1.24	0.96	0.98	1.35	1.32	1.25	1.41
Unemployed	1.47	1.40	1.92	1.72	1.92	1.76	2.01	1.98	4.28	3.15
Other¹	0.53	0.51	1.13	1.09	0.56	0.55	1.08	1.01	0.60	0.65
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.12P – Substance Use Disorder or Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.3958	0.0512	0.6661	0.4591	0.9445
SEX
Male	0.9829	0.5839	0.9220	0.3230	0.4748
Female	0.1673	0.0228	0.4090	0.0160	0.4338
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.5432	0.1123	0.7780	0.5808	0.9663
AIAN	0.2675	*	0.4011	0.4260	0.2821
Asian	0.9863	0.5936	0.8746	0.8752	0.7125
Black or African American	0.7431	0.5069	0.5903	0.8921	0.4987
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.7288	0.2832	0.8999	0.6643	0.9124
Two or More Races	0.3836	0.7158	0.4257	0.9099	0.1371
Hispanic or Latino	0.4577	0.2737	0.6824	0.6476	0.9642
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1020	0.5751	0.1069	0.4345	0.0745
Part-Time	0.5493	0.0063	0.6379	0.6436	0.4015
Unemployed	0.9956	0.9659	0.9910	0.4246	0.4548
Other¹	0.5684	0.5801	0.4624	0.5885	0.2848
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.13C – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	268	307	99	92	245	294	203	195	133	212
SEX
Male	180	231	64	61	167	222	138	142	89	172
Female	189	193	72	74	170	180	137	132	99	117
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	240	288	84	84	217	275	170	170	126	211
AIAN	4	10	3	*	2	7	2	7	1	*
Asian	55	59	10	19	54	56	19	34	*	44
Black or African American	82	77	31	31	76	70	62	55	47	42
NHPI	*	<1	*	<1	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	207	266	72	73	190	255	157	158	105	195
Two or More Races	52	59	27	25	44	53	39	42	19	*
Hispanic or Latino	117	107	50	47	106	94	98	89	42	27
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	181	165	66	68	164	149	145	140	78	57
Part-Time	93	111	59	42	69	101	65	79	25	63
Unemployed	81	77	26	24	75	72	71	69	*	20
Other¹	150	222	39	49	144	217	99	91	100	196
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.13D – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.10	0.12	0.29	0.26	0.11	0.13	0.20	0.18	0.11	0.17
SEX
Male	0.14	0.18	0.37	0.35	0.15	0.20	0.27	0.27	0.16	0.30
Female	0.14	0.14	0.42	0.43	0.15	0.15	0.26	0.25	0.16	0.18
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.11	0.13	0.33	0.32	0.12	0.15	0.21	0.21	0.12	0.20
AIAN	0.38	0.83	2.31	*	0.26	0.67	0.55	1.27	0.17	*
Asian	0.34	0.34	0.46	0.77	0.39	0.38	0.24	0.42	*	0.66
Black or African American	0.25	0.24	0.65	0.65	0.28	0.26	0.44	0.38	0.36	0.32
NHPI	*	0.02	*	0.18	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.13	0.16	0.39	0.39	0.13	0.18	0.26	0.26	0.13	0.23
Two or More Races	0.99	1.05	2.28	1.98	1.06	1.20	1.70	1.63	0.98	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.26	0.22	0.61	0.54	0.29	0.24	0.44	0.39	0.28	0.17
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.15	0.13	0.46	0.46	0.15	0.14	0.21	0.20	0.20	0.15
Part-Time	0.29	0.33	0.66	0.46	0.30	0.42	0.60	0.67	0.20	0.50
Unemployed	0.70	0.57	0.78	0.62	0.91	0.74	1.20	1.03	*	0.67
Other¹	0.16	0.23	0.45	0.57	0.17	0.24	0.50	0.45	0.15	0.28
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.13P – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.8963	0.1834	0.7533	0.2828	0.1035
SEX
Male	0.2157	0.6660	0.1508	0.4950	0.1922
Female	0.1133	0.1703	0.2386	0.0188	0.3259
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.6590	0.4281	0.4676	0.5215	0.1128
AIAN	0.1683	*	0.4069	0.4098	*
Asian	0.4152	0.2721	0.5883	0.3815	*
Black or African American	0.9415	0.8396	0.8633	0.6704	0.8028
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.6620	0.3076	0.4452	0.4300	0.0719
Two or More Races	0.9556	0.8949	0.9907	0.6894	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.1927	0.2335	0.3795	0.2926	0.7398
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.0475	0.4246	0.0589	0.0814	0.3849
Part-Time	0.8660	0.0012	0.1009	0.3748	0.1453
Unemployed	0.2953	0.1722	0.5079	0.6670	*
Other¹	0.0393	0.0059	0.1405	0.8011	0.0675
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.14C – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	268	307	99	92	245	294	203	195	133	212
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	105	175	38	32	95	170	73	71	58	151
Midwest	98	126	42	42	88	117	74	86	43	71
South	175	161	66	57	161	151	133	129	90	78
West	127	149	45	48	121	143	108	92	66	100
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	206	244	73	79	183	229	161	160	93	164
Small Metro	163	172	65	53	147	164	115	103	89	120
Nonmetro	93	116	39	29	79	108	69	68	38	71
Urbanized	57	98	23	17	47	91	37	49	29	64
Less Urbanized	68	61	31	23	57	55	52	47	23	27
Completely Rural	30	9	6	2	28	9	27	8	6	4
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	125	208	50	41	114	202	86	86	75	179
100-199%	130	131	48	51	113	120	90	99	68	66
200% or More	204	186	76	70	184	172	160	140	87	86
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	64	54	23	29	60	42	54	32	31	27
High School Graduate	144	178	54	52	136	171	96	105	94	129
Some College/Associate’s Degree	168	197	72	68	150	189	134	123	69	144
College Graduate	120	139	34	33	117	141	102	115	56	77
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	183	187	77	72	164	173	136	143	92	95
Medicaid/CHIP	140	214	49	44	130	207	112	103	61	179
Other³	122	143	36	35	117	138	70	65	90	121
No Coverage	97	88	30	37	90	80	74	75	52	29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.14D – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.10	0.12	0.29	0.26	0.11	0.13	0.20	0.18	0.11	0.17
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.23	0.38	0.67	0.55	0.24	0.43	0.42	0.40	0.27	0.69
Midwest	0.19	0.24	0.59	0.58	0.19	0.25	0.36	0.41	0.17	0.28
South	0.18	0.16	0.50	0.42	0.19	0.17	0.34	0.31	0.20	0.17
West	0.21	0.24	0.56	0.58	0.23	0.27	0.42	0.35	0.24	0.36
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.14	0.16	0.38	0.41	0.14	0.17	0.26	0.25	0.14	0.25
Small Metro	0.20	0.19	0.52	0.39	0.21	0.21	0.36	0.30	0.23	0.30
Nonmetro	0.24	0.35	0.89	0.62	0.24	0.38	0.52	0.59	0.21	0.43
Urbanized	0.38	0.70	1.22	0.73	0.37	0.80	0.69	1.03	0.41	0.98
Less Urbanized	0.35	0.35	1.44	1.06	0.34	0.37	0.82	0.78	0.24	0.32
Completely Rural	0.78	0.36	1.83	0.56	0.82	0.41	1.76	1.08	0.40	0.29
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.31	0.49	0.57	0.48	0.36	0.60	0.51	0.49	0.50	1.11
100-199%	0.26	0.26	0.60	0.56	0.27	0.29	0.50	0.51	0.30	0.29
200% or More	0.12	0.11	0.41	0.38	0.12	0.11	0.22	0.20	0.10	0.10
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.26	0.23	0.64	0.81	0.29	0.21	0.67	0.42	0.24	0.21
High School Graduate	0.21	0.25	0.46	0.42	0.23	0.29	0.40	0.43	0.27	0.38
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.22	0.25	0.52	0.49	0.23	0.29	0.43	0.39	0.20	0.41
College Graduate	0.14	0.15	0.58	0.53	0.14	0.16	0.24	0.25	0.14	0.19
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.11	0.11	0.38	0.35	0.12	0.12	0.20	0.20	0.13	0.13
Medicaid/CHIP	0.28	0.43	0.50	0.49	0.33	0.52	0.50	0.47	0.34	0.97
Other³	0.16	0.18	1.21	1.17	0.15	0.18	0.84	0.73	0.13	0.18
No Coverage	0.43	0.36	0.67	0.70	0.49	0.41	0.57	0.53	0.99	0.55
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.14P – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.8963	0.1834	0.7533	0.2828	0.1035
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.7625	0.0628	0.4075	0.4053	0.1526
Midwest	0.2741	0.8026	0.2005	0.6121	0.1373
South	0.1508	0.3994	0.2131	0.2486	0.5696
West	0.7216	0.9355	0.7360	0.6909	0.3057
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.5939	0.5666	0.6937	0.6205	0.2010
Small Metro	0.1643	0.0144	0.5501	0.2058	0.7643
Nonmetro	0.4367	0.2962	0.2622	0.9689	0.1157
Urbanized	0.3089	0.3083	0.2121	0.7144	0.1405
Less Urbanized	0.6210	0.7347	0.4918	0.9567	0.5007
Completely Rural	0.0859	0.1305	0.1463	0.1715	0.8743
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.0391	0.7347	0.0234	0.7543	0.0131
100-199%	0.7349	0.8336	0.6934	0.8248	0.8236
200% or More	0.0209	0.1487	0.0517	0.0619	0.4555
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.3779	0.2699	0.1141	0.1297	0.6284
High School Graduate	0.6773	0.2939	0.4668	0.8488	0.4320
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.6556	0.2685	0.9655	0.1487	0.1122
College Graduate	0.7507	0.4278	0.5936	0.8168	0.5491
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.1752	0.0315	0.5456	0.3503	0.8560
Medicaid/CHIP	0.1093	0.7998	0.0825	0.6685	0.0068
Other³	0.5626	0.9768	0.5316	0.7555	0.4435
No Coverage	0.9080	0.6328	0.7381	0.9763	0.4175
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.15C – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	413	441	136	128	385	405	258	288	275	261
SEX
Male	300	309	105	80	281	290	206	215	184	180
Female	271	282	82	98	259	259	166	176	193	184
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	376	386	112	105	355	358	233	239	258	241
AIAN	28	22	*	3	27	22	25	20	12	8
Asian	73	80	39	24	64	74	56	43	31	60
Black or African American	173	139	51	46	164	129	140	98	85	78
NHPI	*	8	*	2	*	8	*	7	*	*
White	333	357	105	93	312	329	202	234	229	221
Two or More Races	43	70	21	18	38	68	31	68	22	7
Hispanic or Latino	158	208	63	70	147	188	108	147	98	103
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	260	287	85	78	245	270	213	244	113	119
Part-Time	140	151	74	78	117	126	95	90	68	84
Unemployed	110	116	41	52	101	100	77	99	65	27
Other¹	274	267	56	50	265	261	117	130	234	216
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.15D – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.16	0.17	0.40	0.37	0.17	0.18	0.25	0.27	0.23	0.22
SEX
Male	0.24	0.24	0.62	0.46	0.26	0.26	0.40	0.41	0.32	0.31
Female	0.21	0.21	0.49	0.57	0.22	0.22	0.32	0.33	0.31	0.29
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.18	0.18	0.43	0.40	0.19	0.19	0.29	0.29	0.25	0.23
AIAN	2.53	1.75	*	2.03	2.80	1.99	5.18	3.39	2.36	1.74
Asian	0.46	0.46	1.69	0.97	0.47	0.50	0.71	0.53	0.52	0.89
Black or African American	0.52	0.42	1.02	0.92	0.58	0.46	0.92	0.65	0.64	0.59
NHPI	*	0.77	*	1.29	*	0.87	*	1.31	*	*
White	0.20	0.21	0.53	0.50	0.21	0.22	0.33	0.36	0.27	0.26
Two or More Races	0.81	1.19	1.78	1.53	0.91	1.47	1.39	2.39	1.11	0.40
Hispanic or Latino	0.35	0.44	0.76	0.79	0.39	0.48	0.49	0.64	0.65	0.64
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.20	0.22	0.58	0.53	0.22	0.24	0.29	0.32	0.29	0.31
Part-Time	0.44	0.45	0.81	0.84	0.50	0.52	0.83	0.78	0.53	0.66
Unemployed	0.90	0.83	1.16	1.29	1.17	1.03	1.27	1.46	2.58	0.91
Other¹	0.28	0.27	0.62	0.59	0.30	0.29	0.58	0.62	0.34	0.32
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.15P – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.4405	0.6260	0.3276	0.0705	0.6497
SEX
Male	0.3355	0.3968	0.1973	0.0256	0.5518
Female	0.8885	0.8435	0.9468	0.9002	0.9535
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.9910	0.2464	0.7231	0.3287	0.6381
AIAN	0.6000	*	0.7417	0.7211	0.4758
Asian	0.5127	0.1033	0.9931	0.5623	0.4896
Black or African American	0.4318	0.7122	0.3435	0.2288	0.9371
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.4788	0.5574	0.3519	0.1016	0.8370
Two or More Races	0.2705	0.2810	0.1242	0.0752	0.3486
Hispanic or Latino	0.0716	0.3379	0.1186	0.0419	0.9710
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.2349	0.2529	0.1100	0.1493	0.5765
Part-Time	0.7854	0.5211	0.9875	0.4760	0.5192
Unemployed	0.6180	0.0612	0.7908	0.2854	0.0399
Other¹	0.9102	0.7216	0.9787	0.2220	0.4991
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.16C – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	413	441	136	128	385	405	258	288	275	261
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	179	160	50	50	167	147	93	109	130	86
Midwest	157	168	44	47	150	159	93	111	106	96
South	248	278	71	74	236	255	164	177	165	176
West	229	243	93	76	208	223	147	168	141	137
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	331	386	99	100	312	352	224	264	204	209
Small Metro	264	258	109	91	227	225	152	167	153	137
Nonmetro	142	142	36	45	134	129	69	75	105	91
Urbanized	92	94	29	39	84	76	49	47	54	57
Less Urbanized	104	111	21	23	99	106	52	57	82	75
Completely Rural	40	17	*	7	39	16	16	15	32	4
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	217	201	61	70	206	185	99	122	174	118
100-199%	200	198	87	63	181	183	128	120	122	134
200% or More	295	333	96	90	275	305	209	245	171	189
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	123	107	32	31	123	108	59	72	105	80
High School Graduate	237	214	69	67	235	204	121	140	190	140
Some College/Associate’s Degree	235	249	112	92	211	248	160	174	130	164
College Graduate	206	217	50	67	203	214	169	163	111	126
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	278	337	100	101	257	306	196	243	162	184
Medicaid/CHIP	277	226	104	70	250	207	139	151	202	135
Other³	249	200	29	30	247	198	85	65	230	184
No Coverage	121	130	32	37	118	121	105	114	42	38
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.16D – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.16	0.17	0.40	0.37	0.17	0.18	0.25	0.27	0.23	0.22
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.40	0.35	0.88	0.84	0.43	0.37	0.54	0.61	0.60	0.39
Midwest	0.30	0.31	0.61	0.65	0.33	0.34	0.45	0.53	0.42	0.38
South	0.25	0.27	0.54	0.55	0.27	0.29	0.41	0.43	0.36	0.38
West	0.38	0.39	1.16	0.92	0.39	0.42	0.57	0.64	0.52	0.50
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.22	0.24	0.49	0.50	0.24	0.26	0.34	0.37	0.32	0.31
Small Metro	0.30	0.29	0.82	0.66	0.31	0.30	0.45	0.47	0.39	0.34
Nonmetro	0.37	0.41	0.71	0.93	0.41	0.44	0.55	0.64	0.56	0.55
Urbanized	0.57	0.62	1.09	1.59	0.64	0.62	0.84	0.90	0.76	0.84
Less Urbanized	0.52	0.64	0.98	1.12	0.57	0.70	0.86	0.91	0.81	0.89
Completely Rural	1.34	0.61	*	2.37	1.48	0.67	1.66	1.93	2.00	0.25
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.51	0.45	0.59	0.76	0.62	0.53	0.58	0.67	1.11	0.73
100-199%	0.39	0.38	1.03	0.71	0.42	0.43	0.64	0.61	0.52	0.57
200% or More	0.17	0.18	0.51	0.47	0.18	0.19	0.29	0.32	0.21	0.23
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.50	0.45	0.87	0.85	0.56	0.51	0.72	0.90	0.78	0.61
High School Graduate	0.34	0.30	0.56	0.51	0.39	0.35	0.48	0.55	0.54	0.41
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.31	0.32	0.75	0.63	0.32	0.36	0.51	0.53	0.38	0.46
College Graduate	0.24	0.24	0.85	1.04	0.25	0.24	0.38	0.34	0.28	0.31
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.17	0.20	0.48	0.48	0.18	0.21	0.29	0.33	0.22	0.25
Medicaid/CHIP	0.49	0.42	0.98	0.73	0.56	0.48	0.55	0.66	1.07	0.72
Other³	0.31	0.26	1.02	1.05	0.32	0.26	1.02	0.75	0.34	0.28
No Coverage	0.51	0.52	0.69	0.71	0.63	0.62	0.77	0.77	0.82	0.73
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.16P – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.4405	0.6260	0.3276	0.0705	0.6497
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.0666	0.5979	0.0730	0.8321	0.0119
Midwest	0.8805	0.0919	0.4989	0.2830	0.9013
South	0.2003	0.5554	0.2264	0.2061	0.6526
West	0.2187	0.9881	0.1830	0.2210	0.5085
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.1928	0.9695	0.1548	0.1472	0.4709
Small Metro	0.4490	0.2530	0.6958	0.3860	0.1040
Nonmetro	0.6829	0.3159	0.9414	0.5761	0.7304
Urbanized	0.9226	0.7747	0.7052	0.5717	0.9918
Less Urbanized	0.3834	0.3443	0.4883	0.3672	0.9483
Completely Rural	0.4104	*	0.3080	0.4957	0.1123
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.7928	0.3811	0.5830	0.0980	0.0506
100-199%	0.9839	0.3055	0.7024	0.9637	0.6948
200% or More	0.2401	0.6314	0.1583	0.1530	0.5870
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.6164	0.7742	0.6558	0.1704	0.1219
High School Graduate	0.7939	0.8102	0.7668	0.0393	0.2246
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.1732	0.4175	0.0766	0.0758	0.3796
College Graduate	0.9562	0.5223	0.8975	0.4221	0.4128
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.0800	0.5019	0.0367	0.0491	0.3960
Medicaid/CHIP	0.1165	0.6400	0.1337	0.5886	0.0217
Other³	0.2778	0.8861	0.2856	0.1715	0.4721
No Coverage	0.1065	0.0846	0.2513	0.3227	0.5876
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.17C – Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Severity Level for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance Use Disorder Severity Level	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	1,130	1,149	463	463	897	959	2,906	2,862
Substance Use Disorder	756	795	560	596	279	317	442	478	700	672
Mild SUD	571	577	344	362	163	203	295	314	547	530
Moderate SUD	350	377	256	264	119	148	218	207	279	286
Severe SUD	352	342	273	289	164	168	200	219	248	193
No SUD	756	795	841	871	336	317	715	760	2,601	2,584
Drug Use Disorder	601	640	458	489	232	269	362	372	454	445
Mild SUD	432	451	303	315	155	160	255	255	351	356
Moderate SUD	264	294	212	227	104	138	181	171	170	185
Severe SUD	250	264	196	229	126	142	145	163	174	113
No SUD	601	640	925	971	371	361	777	836	2,752	2,707
Marijuana Use Disorder	494	529	346	384	187	219	278	283	353	372
Mild SUD	352	377	221	242	127	116	178	195	292	300
Moderate SUD	222	262	183	205	91	137	159	144	126	162
Severe SUD	169	171	136	151	88	104	97	105	104	75
No SUD	494	529	1,001	1,011	399	394	822	871	2,805	2,746
Opioid Use Disorder²	281	283	220	230	94	153	190	172	187	171
Mild SUD	236	233	191	172	73	131	169	117	149	158
Moderate SUD	102	107	59	93	36	29	49	88	83	55
Severe SUD	116	113	83	111	48	62	67	84	82	28
No SUD	281	283	1,073	1,112	446	434	860	928	2,876	2,837
Alcohol Use Disorder	574	578	361	396	198	221	293	313	532	494
Mild SUD	447	446	245	265	115	162	212	212	413	400
Moderate SUD	268	263	162	173	85	83	134	148	232	209
Severe SUD	273	241	188	188	117	107	141	154	197	161
No SUD	574	578	987	997	403	398	806	842	2,724	2,718
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.17D – Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Severity Level for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance Use Disorder Severity Level	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Substance Use Disorder	0.29	0.30	0.68	0.72	1.38	1.48	0.79	0.80	0.30	0.29
Mild SUD	0.22	0.22	0.49	0.51	0.97	1.22	0.59	0.58	0.24	0.23
Moderate SUD	0.14	0.14	0.41	0.40	0.76	0.92	0.47	0.42	0.13	0.14
Severe SUD	0.14	0.13	0.42	0.43	1.02	1.04	0.43	0.44	0.12	0.09
No SUD	0.29	0.30	0.68	0.72	1.38	1.48	0.79	0.80	0.30	0.29
Drug Use Disorder	0.23	0.24	0.62	0.67	1.26	1.43	0.71	0.69	0.21	0.20
Mild SUD	0.17	0.17	0.45	0.47	0.95	1.01	0.53	0.50	0.16	0.16
Moderate SUD	0.10	0.11	0.35	0.35	0.68	0.87	0.40	0.35	0.08	0.09
Severe SUD	0.10	0.10	0.31	0.36	0.82	0.91	0.32	0.34	0.09	0.06
No SUD	0.23	0.24	0.62	0.67	1.26	1.43	0.71	0.69	0.21	0.20
Marijuana Use Disorder	0.19	0.20	0.51	0.54	1.10	1.27	0.58	0.54	0.17	0.17
Mild SUD	0.14	0.14	0.35	0.36	0.80	0.75	0.38	0.39	0.14	0.14
Moderate SUD	0.09	0.10	0.30	0.32	0.59	0.88	0.35	0.30	0.06	0.08
Severe SUD	0.07	0.07	0.22	0.24	0.59	0.69	0.22	0.22	0.05	0.04
No SUD	0.19	0.20	0.51	0.54	1.10	1.27	0.58	0.54	0.17	0.17
Opioid Use Disorder²	0.11	0.11	0.35	0.36	0.62	0.99	0.41	0.35	0.09	0.08
Mild SUD	0.09	0.09	0.31	0.28	0.49	0.87	0.37	0.25	0.07	0.08
Moderate SUD	0.04	0.04	0.10	0.15	0.24	0.20	0.11	0.19	0.04	0.03
Severe SUD	0.05	0.04	0.14	0.18	0.33	0.42	0.15	0.18	0.04	0.01
No SUD	0.11	0.11	0.35	0.36	0.62	0.99	0.41	0.35	0.09	0.08
Alcohol Use Disorder	0.22	0.22	0.52	0.55	1.18	1.30	0.59	0.57	0.24	0.23
Mild SUD	0.17	0.17	0.39	0.40	0.75	1.03	0.46	0.41	0.19	0.18
Moderate SUD	0.10	0.10	0.26	0.27	0.56	0.55	0.29	0.31	0.11	0.10
Severe SUD	0.11	0.09	0.31	0.29	0.77	0.70	0.31	0.32	0.10	0.08
No SUD	0.22	0.22	0.52	0.55	1.18	1.30	0.59	0.57	0.24	0.23
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.17P – Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Severity Level for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance Use Disorder Severity Level	Aged 18+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da
Substance Use Disorder	0.4690	0.7270	0.8072	0.7346	0.2490
Mild SUD	0.6961	0.7397	0.9238	0.7068	0.6518
Moderate SUD	0.7104	0.8775	0.5803	0.6632	0.5336
Severe SUD	0.5789	0.9664	0.8389	0.7378	0.1953
No SUD	0.4690	0.7270	0.8072	0.7346	0.2490
Drug Use Disorder	0.4621	0.5663	0.2492	0.8449	0.9827
Mild SUD	0.7495	0.7633	0.8609	0.8881	0.6797
Moderate SUD	0.2258	0.4808	0.2524	0.8247	0.4546
Severe SUD	0.8975	0.4596	0.3165	0.7178	0.0833
No SUD	0.4621	0.5663	0.2492	0.8449	0.9827
Marijuana Use Disorder	0.1185	0.4046	0.7366	0.3068	0.2731
Mild SUD	0.3284	0.8812	0.5521	0.7371	0.2498
Moderate SUD	0.1683	0.4655	0.2652	0.8289	0.2847
Severe SUD	0.6152	0.2781	0.9335	0.1058	0.2444
No SUD	0.1185	0.4046	0.7366	0.3068	0.2731
Opioid Use Disorder²	0.3926	0.9162	0.0647	0.2851	0.0935
Mild SUD	0.5761	0.8506	0.0878	0.1469	0.4176
Moderate SUD	0.8584	0.5796	0.4551	0.3304	0.3336
Severe SUD	0.4140	0.8938	0.2326	0.5189	0.0507
No SUD	0.3926	0.9162	0.0647	0.2851	0.0935
Alcohol Use Disorder	0.0609	0.3211	0.1372	0.9442	0.0667
Mild SUD	0.3553	0.7409	0.8722	0.7999	0.3250
Moderate SUD	0.1290	0.6089	0.6145	0.8051	0.1071
Severe SUD	0.3244	0.3638	0.0521	0.6537	0.4346
No SUD	0.0609	0.3211	0.1372	0.9442	0.0667
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.18C – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	845	814	144	127	1,090	1,130	422	422	67	70	452	451
AGE GROUP
18-49	530	579	113	88	760	837	312	301	64	49	343	340
18-25	219	234	28	35	319	317	133	133	15	19	150	147
26-34	289	289	57	38	389	406	196	188	38	25	210	200
35-49	348	377	90	72	417	465	181	196	48	39	182	202
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	552	554	118	104	629	659	261	294	59	60	265	301
Male 18-49	370	399	94	75	455	485	200	209	57	36	206	224
Female 18 or Older	577	591	78	69	732	748	306	293	33	38	327	301
Female 18-49	361	384	60	50	493	542	220	208	30	34	243	224
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.18D – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.33	0.31	3.10	3.07	0.33	0.32	0.16	0.16	1.95	2.11	0.16	0.16
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.39	0.41	3.28	2.82	0.39	0.41	0.23	0.21	2.28	1.93	0.23	0.22
18-25	0.64	0.67	4.32	4.94	0.65	0.69	0.39	0.38	2.74	3.49	0.40	0.38
26-34	0.72	0.70	4.79	4.37	0.74	0.71	0.49	0.46	3.92	3.26	0.49	0.46
35-49	0.55	0.58	5.70	4.62	0.55	0.58	0.29	0.30	3.72	3.27	0.28	0.31
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.44	0.43	3.72	3.75	0.44	0.44	0.21	0.23	2.44	2.47	0.21	0.23
Male 18-49	0.54	0.57	4.06	3.44	0.55	0.58	0.29	0.30	2.86	2.02	0.29	0.30
Female 18 or Older	0.44	0.44	4.86	4.71	0.44	0.44	0.23	0.22	3.27	4.07	0.23	0.22
Female 18-49	0.52	0.54	4.91	5.24	0.53	0.54	0.32	0.30	3.63	4.35	0.32	0.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.18P – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Probation (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Probation (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.1292	0.8432	0.0863	0.6520	0.6477	0.5191
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.6838	0.7370	0.5628	0.0776	0.5052	0.0738
18-25	0.5034	0.4777	0.4742	0.0878	0.7820	0.0775
26-34	0.3795	0.2563	0.5307	0.0896	0.6697	0.0842
35-49	0.0737	0.9833	0.0555	0.9609	0.6964	0.9200
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.0863	0.9347	0.0592	0.2285	0.9705	0.2512
Male 18-49	0.2330	0.8658	0.1843	0.5216	0.2386	0.4207
Female 18 or Older	0.6022	0.8772	0.5357	0.0703	0.3612	0.0420
Female 18-49	0.5571	0.7377	0.6243	0.0022	0.5685	0.0013
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.19C – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	845	814	74	88	1,110	1,141	422	422	41	34	459	461
AGE GROUP
18-49	530	579	56	54	776	847	312	301	35	16	352	344
18-25	219	234	*	*	321	320	133	133	11	4	149	148
26-34	289	289	*	24	395	407	196	188	*	7	213	202
35-49	348	377	39	45	431	471	181	196	18	15	189	207
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	552	554	60	73	641	669	261	294	36	28	267	307
Male 18-49	370	399	43	52	465	493	200	209	32	13	212	227
Female 18 or Older	577	591	*	*	735	748	306	293	*	*	328	305
Female 18-49	361	384	*	*	496	545	220	208	*	10	245	227
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.19D – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.33	0.31	3.79	4.31	0.33	0.31	0.16	0.16	2.64	2.09	0.16	0.16
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.39	0.41	4.28	3.88	0.39	0.41	0.23	0.21	2.98	1.45	0.23	0.22
18-25	0.64	0.67	*	*	0.65	0.68	0.39	0.38	4.48	2.10	0.39	0.38
26-34	0.72	0.70	*	6.25	0.73	0.71	0.49	0.46	*	2.09	0.49	0.46
35-49	0.55	0.58	6.21	6.25	0.56	0.58	0.29	0.30	3.10	2.44	0.29	0.31
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.44	0.43	4.07	4.91	0.44	0.44	0.21	0.23	3.05	2.19	0.21	0.23
Male 18-49	0.54	0.57	4.69	4.55	0.55	0.58	0.29	0.30	3.61	1.47	0.29	0.30
Female 18 or Older	0.44	0.44	*	*	0.44	0.44	0.23	0.22	*	*	0.23	0.22
Female 18-49	0.52	0.54	*	*	0.53	0.54	0.32	0.30	*	3.70	0.32	0.30
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.19P – Any Mental Illness and Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Any Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Any Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults 18+¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Serious Mental Illness Among Adults Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.1292	0.1501	0.1243	0.6520	0.2634	0.6375
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.6838	0.4526	0.6774	0.0776	0.0403	0.0859
18-25	0.5034	*	0.5106	0.0878	0.1190	0.0903
26-34	0.3795	*	0.4510	0.0896	*	0.1011
35-49	0.0737	0.1446	0.0839	0.9609	0.5668	0.9603
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.0863	0.3278	0.0865	0.2285	0.1519	0.1878
Male 18-49	0.2330	0.4455	0.2459	0.5216	0.0383	0.4200
Female 18 or Older	0.6022	*	0.6103	0.0703	*	0.0498
Female 18-49	0.5571	*	0.5584	0.0022	*	0.0016
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.20C – Types and Locations of Mental Health Treatment and Other Services in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Type/Location of Treatment or Other Services	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT OR OTHER SERVICES¹	--	845	--	212	--	809	--	497	--	654
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT	--	848	--	206	--	806	--	493	--	656
Inpatient	--	216	--	57	--	208	--	130	--	156
Hospital	--	178	--	49	--	171	--	111	--	123
Residential Mental Health Treatment Center	--	154	--	39	--	149	--	80	--	123
Residential Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center	--	91	--	27	--	88	--	66	--	59
Some Other Place as an Inpatient	--	92	--	32	--	85	--	42	--	74
Outpatient	--	693	--	171	--	658	--	398	--	516
Mental Health Treatment Center	--	335	--	81	--	332	--	182	--	280
Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center	--	145	--	26	--	141	--	92	--	106
Office of a Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, or Mental Health Professional	--	613	--	156	--	588	--	355	--	461
General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office	--	467	--	107	--	450	--	272	--	340
Hospital	--	201	--	55	--	191	--	102	--	157
School’s Health or Counseling Center	--	128	--	84	--	92	--	84	--	43
Some Other Place as an Outpatient	--	147	--	49	--	138	--	75	--	115
Outpatient, Other Than General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office	--	639	--	167	--	610	--	369	--	483
Prescription Medication	731	749	167	177	698	721	398	420	562	606
Telehealth Treatment²	628	677	179	172	571	647	378	412	418	480
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	206	204	34	36	203	204	99	113	179	169
OTHER SERVICES
Support Services
Support Group	352	350	83	91	335	345	210	204	245	275
Peer Support Specialist or Recovery Coach	235	218	54	62	228	210	138	134	170	165
Emergency Room/Department	178	190	54	57	170	184	99	118	138	141
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment or other services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other services include treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through support group services; peer support specialist or recovery coach services; or treatment received in an emergency room/department. ² Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.20D – Types and Locations of Mental Health Treatment and Other Services in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Type/Location of Treatment or Other Services	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT OR OTHER SERVICES¹	--	0.32	--	0.61	--	0.36	--	0.47	--	0.54
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT	--	0.32	--	0.59	--	0.35	--	0.47	--	0.54
Inpatient	--	0.08	--	0.16	--	0.09	--	0.12	--	0.13
Hospital	--	0.07	--	0.14	--	0.08	--	0.10	--	0.10
Residential Mental Health Treatment Center	--	0.06	--	0.11	--	0.07	--	0.08	--	0.10
Residential Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center	--	0.03	--	0.08	--	0.04	--	0.06	--	0.05
Some Other Place as an Inpatient	--	0.04	--	0.09	--	0.04	--	0.04	--	0.06
Outpatient	--	0.26	--	0.49	--	0.29	--	0.38	--	0.42
Mental Health Treatment Center	--	0.13	--	0.23	--	0.15	--	0.17	--	0.23
Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center	--	0.06	--	0.08	--	0.06	--	0.09	--	0.09
Office of a Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, or Mental Health Professional	--	0.23	--	0.45	--	0.26	--	0.34	--	0.38
General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office	--	0.18	--	0.31	--	0.20	--	0.26	--	0.28
Hospital	--	0.08	--	0.16	--	0.08	--	0.10	--	0.13
School’s Health or Counseling Center	--	0.05	--	0.24	--	0.04	--	0.08	--	0.04
Some Other Place as an Outpatient	--	0.06	--	0.14	--	0.06	--	0.07	--	0.09
Outpatient, Other Than General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office	--	0.24	--	0.48	--	0.27	--	0.35	--	0.40
Prescription Medication	0.28	0.29	0.49	0.51	0.31	0.32	0.38	0.40	0.47	0.50
Telehealth Treatment²	0.24	0.26	0.53	0.49	0.26	0.28	0.37	0.39	0.35	0.40
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.15	0.14
OTHER SERVICES
Support Services
Support Group	0.14	0.13	0.24	0.26	0.15	0.15	0.20	0.19	0.20	0.23
Peer Support Specialist or Recovery Coach	0.09	0.08	0.16	0.18	0.10	0.09	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.14
Emergency Room/Department	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.16	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.12
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment or other services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other services include treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through support group services; peer support specialist or recovery coach services; or treatment received in an emergency room/department. ² Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.20P – Types and Locations of Mental Health Treatment and Other Services in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Type/Location of Treatment or Other Services	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT OR OTHER SERVICES¹	--	--	--	--	--
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT	--	--	--	--	--
Inpatient	--	--	--	--	--
Hospital	--	--	--	--	--
Residential Mental Health Treatment Center	--	--	--	--	--
Residential Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center	--	--	--	--	--
Some Other Place as an Inpatient	--	--	--	--	--
Outpatient	--	--	--	--	--
Mental Health Treatment Center	--	--	--	--	--
Drug or Alcohol Rehab or Treatment Center	--	--	--	--	--
Office of a Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, or Mental Health Professional	--	--	--	--	--
General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office	--	--	--	--	--
Hospital	--	--	--	--	--
School’s Health or Counseling Center	--	--	--	--	--
Some Other Place as an Outpatient	--	--	--	--	--
Outpatient, Other Than General Medical Clinic or Doctor’s Office	--	--	--	--	--
Prescription Medication	0.2707	0.8875	0.2673	0.5893	0.3562
Telehealth Treatment²	0.0799	0.2111	0.0270	0.7023	0.0099
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.2832	0.4915	0.3316	0.1547	0.7674
OTHER SERVICES
Support Services
Support Group	0.2463	0.9226	0.2250	0.8850	0.1056
Peer Support Specialist or Recovery Coach	0.3479	0.9966	0.3394	0.5899	0.4327
Emergency Room/Department	0.0359	0.6605	0.0399	0.0024	0.8641
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment or other services; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other services include treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through support group services; peer support specialist or recovery coach services; or treatment received in an emergency room/department. ² Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.21C – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	848	--	753	--	384	--	578	--	768
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	206	--	205	--	124	--	152	--	148
26 or Older	--	806	--	704	--	367	--	536	--	733
26-49	--	493	--	464	--	256	--	345	--	354
50 or Older	--	656	--	483	--	257	--	383	--	598
SEX
Male	--	536	--	397	--	224	--	306	--	424
Female	--	624	--	560	--	271	--	449	--	565
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	771	--	694	--	370	--	528	--	714
AIAN	--	38	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	14
Asian	--	209	--	109	--	*	--	83	--	174
Black or African American	--	264	--	178	--	110	--	140	--	181
NHPI	--	31	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	27
White	--	961	--	633	--	316	--	490	--	623
Two or More Races	--	179	--	101	--	83	--	59	--	144
Hispanic or Latino	--	318	--	247	--	123	--	218	--	244
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	679	--	440	--	226	--	342	--	466
Part-Time	--	330	--	244	--	123	--	202	--	216
Unemployed	--	196	--	128	--	60	--	112	--	128
Other³	--	695	--	450	--	250	--	354	--	460
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.21D – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.32	--	0.76	--	1.38	--	0.85	--	0.32
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.59	--	1.07	--	1.69	--	1.26	--	0.56
26 or Older	--	0.35	--	0.92	--	1.76	--	1.00	--	0.35
26-49	--	0.47	--	0.95	--	1.66	--	1.05	--	0.43
50 or Older	--	0.54	--	1.83	--	4.27	--	1.90	--	0.51
SEX
Male	--	0.42	--	1.13	--	2.48	--	1.23	--	0.39
Female	--	0.46	--	0.93	--	1.32	--	1.10	--	0.48
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.36	--	0.83	--	1.54	--	0.92	--	0.36
AIAN	--	2.85	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	1.66
Asian	--	1.14	--	3.15	--	*	--	3.22	--	1.17
Black or African American	--	0.73	--	2.01	--	4.25	--	2.19	--	0.68
NHPI	--	2.63	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	2.74
White	--	0.43	--	0.95	--	1.70	--	1.06	--	0.43
Two or More Races	--	2.46	--	3.72	--	5.53	--	4.35	--	3.45
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.67	--	1.74	--	3.32	--	2.08	--	0.60
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.44	--	1.04	--	1.76	--	1.13	--	0.45
Part-Time	--	0.86	--	1.79	--	2.88	--	2.13	--	0.87
Unemployed	--	1.32	--	2.41	--	4.52	--	2.74	--	1.36
Other³	--	0.59	--	1.45	--	2.76	--	1.62	--	0.53
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.22C – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	848	--	753	--	384	--	578	--	768
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	362	--	315	--	155	--	251	--	346
Midwest	--	355	--	307	--	154	--	238	--	317
South	--	488	--	459	--	228	--	363	--	431
West	--	456	--	408	--	220	--	299	--	411
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	980	--	605	--	292	--	478	--	636
Small Metro	--	649	--	421	--	228	--	298	--	389
Nonmetro	--	362	--	229	--	125	--	169	--	221
Urbanized	--	250	--	165	--	*	--	116	--	151
Less Urbanized	--	288	--	177	--	91	--	130	--	160
Completely Rural	--	85	--	39	--	*	--	30	--	63
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	--	393	--	288	--	174	--	211	--	248
100-199%	--	388	--	269	--	147	--	226	--	266
200% or More	--	948	--	590	--	297	--	463	--	632
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	228	--	151	--	67	--	128	--	194
High School Graduate	--	412	--	329	--	174	--	266	--	336
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	445	--	392	--	232	--	302	--	340
College Graduate	--	490	--	442	--	209	--	360	--	472
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	--	904	--	556	--	286	--	438	--	628
Medicaid/CHIP	--	504	--	366	--	206	--	276	--	297
Other⁵	--	593	--	392	--	206	--	290	--	418
No Coverage	--	147	--	109	--	69	--	86	--	106
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.22D – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.32	--	0.76	--	1.38	--	0.85	--	0.32
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	0.79	--	1.88	--	4.90	--	2.09	--	0.79
Midwest	--	0.66	--	1.45	--	2.23	--	1.73	--	0.64
South	--	0.48	--	1.25	--	2.17	--	1.40	--	0.48
West	--	0.74	--	1.61	--	2.41	--	1.71	--	0.74
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	0.48	--	1.06	--	2.06	--	1.20	--	0.47
Small Metro	--	0.53	--	1.21	--	2.06	--	1.30	--	0.52
Nonmetro	--	0.77	--	1.89	--	3.74	--	2.23	--	0.72
Urbanized	--	1.18	--	2.86	--	*	--	3.04	--	1.20
Less Urbanized	--	1.13	--	2.78	--	3.33	--	3.44	--	0.99
Completely Rural	--	1.90	--	5.25	--	*	--	5.92	--	2.21
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	--	0.80	--	1.68	--	3.55	--	1.85	--	0.77
100-199%	--	0.66	--	1.49	--	2.81	--	1.71	--	0.67
200% or More	--	0.40	--	0.99	--	1.61	--	1.08	--	0.39
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	0.95	--	2.48	--	4.18	--	2.71	--	0.97
High School Graduate	--	0.59	--	1.60	--	2.93	--	1.78	--	0.55
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	0.57	--	1.25	--	2.31	--	1.41	--	0.54
College Graduate	--	0.54	--	1.24	--	2.37	--	1.37	--	0.55
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	--	0.40	--	0.96	--	1.55	--	1.05	--	0.42
Medicaid/CHIP	--	0.80	--	1.54	--	2.84	--	1.75	--	0.77
Other⁵	--	0.65	--	1.84	--	3.36	--	1.92	--	0.59
No Coverage	--	0.61	--	1.71	--	3.49	--	1.86	--	0.59
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.23C – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	216	--	176	--	106	--	132	--	118
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	57	--	48	--	38	--	32	--	28
26 or Older	--	208	--	170	--	103	--	127	--	113
26-49	--	130	--	97	--	74	--	57	--	80
50 or Older	--	156	--	137	--	69	--	114	--	75
SEX
Male	--	150	--	123	--	65	--	102	--	86
Female	--	145	--	119	--	81	--	80	--	77
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	183	--	159	--	95	--	122	--	95
AIAN	--	9	--	9	--	*	--	4	--	1
Asian	--	27	--	15	--	4	--	15	--	22
Black or African American	--	89	--	79	--	55	--	54	--	40
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	157	--	135	--	75	--	108	--	79
Two or More Races	--	24	--	23	--	22	--	7	--	8
Hispanic or Latino	--	94	--	62	--	41	--	44	--	70
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	--	124	--	101	--	82	--	59	--	71
Medicaid/CHIP	--	135	--	101	--	59	--	83	--	82
Other⁴	--	125	--	104	--	50	--	87	--	66
No Coverage	--	61	--	50	--	27	--	39	--	35
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	101	--	81	--	63	--	47	--	50
Part-Time	--	47	--	39	--	24	--	31	--	25
Unemployed	--	54	--	35	--	22	--	25	--	42
Other⁵	--	176	--	139	--	81	--	114	--	95
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.23D – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.08	--	0.28	--	0.71	--	0.27	--	0.06
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.16	--	0.40	--	1.09	--	0.37	--	0.12
26 or Older	--	0.09	--	0.33	--	0.88	--	0.32	--	0.06
26-49	--	0.12	--	0.31	--	0.91	--	0.24	--	0.11
50 or Older	--	0.13	--	0.72	--	1.96	--	0.73	--	0.07
SEX
Male	--	0.12	--	0.47	--	1.07	--	0.50	--	0.08
Female	--	0.11	--	0.33	--	0.91	--	0.29	--	0.08
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.09	--	0.30	--	0.74	--	0.30	--	0.06
AIAN	--	0.79	--	2.95	--	*	--	1.45	--	0.17
Asian	--	0.15	--	0.52	--	0.68	--	0.64	--	0.15
Black or African American	--	0.28	--	1.14	--	3.54	--	1.01	--	0.16
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	0.10	--	0.33	--	0.77	--	0.35	--	0.07
Two or More Races	--	0.43	--	1.14	--	3.09	--	0.54	--	0.23
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.20	--	0.62	--	1.88	--	0.56	--	0.18
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	--	0.08	--	0.28	--	1.03	--	0.22	--	0.06
Medicaid/CHIP	--	0.27	--	0.63	--	1.32	--	0.73	--	0.24
Other⁴	--	0.16	--	0.72	--	1.65	--	0.78	--	0.10
No Coverage	--	0.25	--	0.82	--	1.68	--	0.88	--	0.19
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.08	--	0.29	--	0.98	--	0.22	--	0.05
Part-Time	--	0.14	--	0.43	--	1.04	--	0.44	--	0.11
Unemployed	--	0.42	--	0.82	--	1.90	--	0.83	--	0.48
Other⁵	--	0.18	--	0.66	--	1.60	--	0.72	--	0.13
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.24C – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	693	--	576	--	322	--	450	--	515
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	171	--	173	--	108	--	126	--	105
26 or Older	--	658	--	534	--	305	--	423	--	495
26-49	--	398	--	367	--	212	--	283	--	240
50 or Older	--	516	--	366	--	213	--	299	--	408
SEX
Male	--	448	--	320	--	193	--	245	--	312
Female	--	503	--	436	--	234	--	357	--	367
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	639	--	536	--	309	--	423	--	470
AIAN	--	35	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	11
Asian	--	147	--	86	--	*	--	52	--	119
Black or African American	--	204	--	143	--	98	--	103	--	137
NHPI	--	30	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	27
White	--	670	--	491	--	257	--	400	--	383
Two or More Races	--	166	--	91	--	81	--	40	--	134
Hispanic or Latino	--	260	--	204	--	109	--	175	--	172
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	--	612	--	431	--	241	--	344	--	398
Medicaid/CHIP	--	396	--	301	--	174	--	227	--	235
Other⁴	--	439	--	297	--	188	--	207	--	303
No Coverage	--	97	--	84	--	55	--	62	--	47
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	484	--	348	--	189	--	271	--	317
Part-Time	--	256	--	207	--	109	--	168	--	145
Unemployed	--	148	--	108	--	52	--	92	--	91
Other⁵	--	497	--	338	--	213	--	267	--	333
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.24D – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.26	--	0.71	--	1.52	--	0.77	--	0.24
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.49	--	1.07	--	2.10	--	1.18	--	0.42
26 or Older	--	0.29	--	0.83	--	1.86	--	0.90	--	0.26
26-49	--	0.38	--	0.85	--	1.70	--	0.97	--	0.30
50 or Older	--	0.42	--	1.63	--	4.43	--	1.70	--	0.37
SEX
Male	--	0.35	--	1.03	--	2.49	--	1.07	--	0.30
Female	--	0.37	--	0.91	--	1.68	--	1.06	--	0.34
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.30	--	0.78	--	1.65	--	0.88	--	0.27
AIAN	--	2.74	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	1.27
Asian	--	0.83	--	2.75	--	*	--	2.21	--	0.83
Black or African American	--	0.59	--	1.83	--	4.49	--	1.82	--	0.53
NHPI	--	2.53	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	2.72
White	--	0.36	--	0.91	--	1.87	--	1.06	--	0.30
Two or More Races	--	2.49	--	3.61	--	5.99	--	3.22	--	3.44
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.55	--	1.62	--	3.60	--	1.84	--	0.44
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	--	0.32	--	0.94	--	1.96	--	1.00	--	0.29
Medicaid/CHIP	--	0.68	--	1.46	--	2.92	--	1.59	--	0.64
Other⁴	--	0.52	--	1.71	--	3.83	--	1.69	--	0.45
No Coverage	--	0.41	--	1.37	--	3.04	--	1.41	--	0.26
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.35	--	0.95	--	2.00	--	1.02	--	0.32
Part-Time	--	0.71	--	1.78	--	3.14	--	1.99	--	0.60
Unemployed	--	1.07	--	2.14	--	4.10	--	2.45	--	1.01
Other⁵	--	0.46	--	1.37	--	2.95	--	1.48	--	0.41
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.25C – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	731	749	628	663	329	346	468	506	560	620
AGE GROUP
18-25	167	177	163	162	102	107	109	117	106	116
26 or Older	698	721	586	635	304	333	448	480	546	595
26-49	398	420	359	403	227	226	262	304	254	269
50 or Older	562	606	410	454	191	242	347	352	474	509
SEX
Male	436	459	333	353	188	201	256	273	326	344
Female	567	564	477	494	248	250	370	388	436	471
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	665	689	572	620	292	334	442	466	524	585
AIAN	37	27	15	*	*	*	*	*	35	12
Asian	154	128	92	72	*	44	69	57	120	110
Black or African American	187	200	150	143	63	95	131	108	101	138
NHPI	*	9	*	*	*	*	*	*	7	6
White	755	830	497	570	262	288	388	441	498	533
Two or More Races	114	172	101	96	*	80	75	54	55	137
Hispanic or Latino	267	254	201	195	144	107	139	171	178	191
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	640	741	425	482	237	258	315	377	438	502
Medicaid/CHIP	409	411	335	317	167	190	267	235	190	245
Other⁴	515	525	324	372	150	195	276	271	374	344
No Coverage	146	119	124	90	87	59	78	66	73	77
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	502	574	337	367	209	199	260	293	350	394
Part-Time	282	280	184	212	109	109	133	173	190	183
Unemployed	127	152	103	101	69	50	78	88	70	98
Other⁵	558	592	405	415	196	234	333	318	352	376
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.25D – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	0.28	0.29	0.71	0.77	1.33	1.46	0.82	0.84	0.26	0.27
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.49	0.51	1.04	1.06	1.91	2.11	1.16	1.17	0.43	0.46
26 or Older	0.31	0.32	0.86	0.93	1.64	1.84	0.97	0.98	0.28	0.30
26-49	0.38	0.40	0.86	0.94	1.52	1.79	0.96	1.05	0.32	0.34
50 or Older	0.47	0.50	1.81	1.86	4.46	4.27	1.96	1.87	0.42	0.45
SEX
Male	0.35	0.36	1.08	1.12	2.20	2.45	1.17	1.20	0.31	0.32
Female	0.43	0.42	0.94	0.93	1.71	1.61	1.09	1.05	0.41	0.42
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.31	0.32	0.77	0.83	1.42	1.59	0.89	0.89	0.29	0.31
AIAN	3.04	2.18	5.76	*	*	*	*	*	3.76	1.41
Asian	0.92	0.74	2.92	2.27	*	6.09	2.68	2.30	0.88	0.77
Black or African American	0.56	0.58	2.07	1.84	3.98	4.57	2.33	1.85	0.39	0.53
NHPI	*	0.83	*	*	*	*	*	*	1.08	0.64
White	0.38	0.39	0.85	0.96	1.51	1.75	1.00	1.06	0.37	0.38
Two or More Races	1.97	2.55	4.05	3.70	*	6.10	4.59	4.06	1.61	3.46
Hispanic or Latino	0.59	0.53	1.73	1.64	3.95	3.64	1.79	1.87	0.49	0.50
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.34	0.35	0.91	0.99	1.84	1.89	1.02	1.06	0.32	0.35
Medicaid/CHIP	0.71	0.69	1.44	1.46	2.02	2.80	1.73	1.66	0.56	0.67
Other⁴	0.59	0.59	1.91	1.89	3.86	3.71	2.14	1.93	0.55	0.49
No Coverage	0.62	0.49	2.09	1.46	4.38	3.19	2.02	1.49	0.41	0.42
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.37	0.39	0.98	1.00	1.93	1.98	1.08	1.09	0.34	0.39
Part-Time	0.80	0.77	1.60	1.72	3.09	3.05	1.78	1.97	0.77	0.75
Unemployed	1.05	1.09	2.32	2.08	4.53	4.09	2.58	2.38	0.89	1.09
Other⁵	0.51	0.52	1.46	1.43	2.78	2.82	1.66	1.57	0.45	0.45
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.25P – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)
TOTAL	0.2707	0.5930	0.3094	0.7961	0.2147
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.8875	0.7431	0.1817	0.9477	0.8173
26 or Older	0.2673	0.4920	0.1091	0.7985	0.2159
26-49	0.5893	0.1384	0.0006	0.4932	0.0382
50 or Older	0.3562	0.7715	0.3927	0.8188	0.7655
SEX
Male	0.2714	0.3994	0.6911	0.3687	0.1335
Female	0.5841	0.8819	0.4643	0.2821	0.7044
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.2064	0.7639	0.3648	0.8044	0.2462
AIAN	0.4360	*	*	*	0.1882
Asian	0.6603	0.5780	*	0.7453	0.9923
Black or African American	0.2030	0.9038	0.5937	0.5052	0.1391
NHPI	*	*	*	*	0.6106
White	0.1851	0.8619	0.6136	0.7258	0.3635
Two or More Races	0.6105	0.7003	*	0.3845	0.2539
Hispanic or Latino	0.8958	0.4743	0.4184	0.7005	0.4549
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.0192	0.2152	0.4173	0.1629	0.1377
Medicaid/CHIP	0.9396	0.1863	0.0107	0.5631	0.0248
Other⁴	0.9809	0.8209	0.4812	0.8907	0.5291
No Coverage	0.2796	0.0116	0.0219	0.2419	0.7107
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.6286	0.3854	0.4235	0.9679	0.4349
Part-Time	0.6069	0.5539	0.8605	0.8892	0.7356
Unemployed	0.7081	0.3804	0.0015	0.2219	0.3032
Other⁵	0.4146	0.5152	0.8437	0.7476	0.4358
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.26C – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	628	677	549	561	299	304	407	442	386	519
AGE GROUP
18-25	179	172	173	173	100	105	121	126	115	101
26 or Older	571	647	492	517	270	293	380	407	365	500
26-49	378	412	361	359	210	203	281	277	223	285
50 or Older	418	480	306	351	156	205	258	281	295	385
SEX
Male	377	408	308	315	180	183	236	247	248	292
Female	475	477	410	409	214	210	321	334	299	372
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	571	618	493	510	261	293	381	407	354	465
AIAN	18	34	11	*	*	*	10	*	14	12
Asian	133	150	71	92	*	*	61	61	114	116
Black or African American	205	192	171	142	69	95	156	106	108	130
NHPI	*	16	*	*	*	*	*	*	2	15
White	587	631	425	461	237	242	323	376	327	382
Two or More Races	88	156	75	90	*	*	39	52	49	128
Hispanic or Latino	238	248	205	190	127	94	142	169	136	191
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	527	626	396	412	209	221	297	347	304	424
Medicaid/CHIP	335	374	281	284	150	169	224	210	168	222
Other⁴	357	382	242	276	120	172	204	193	245	254
No Coverage	111	109	94	84	74	54	66	63	58	72
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	435	485	334	331	189	171	255	272	251	338
Part-Time	230	251	181	197	101	97	137	166	138	153
Unemployed	109	158	88	105	62	52	64	88	61	105
Other⁵	416	456	319	325	173	220	255	231	237	291
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.26D – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2024)
TOTAL	0.24	0.26	0.71	0.69	1.42	1.47	0.78	0.75	0.18	0.24
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.53	0.49	1.07	1.04	1.97	2.05	1.16	1.19	0.47	0.40
26 or Older	0.26	0.28	0.82	0.82	1.71	1.84	0.91	0.86	0.20	0.26
26-49	0.37	0.39	0.89	0.89	1.64	1.80	1.03	0.97	0.29	0.36
50 or Older	0.35	0.40	1.58	1.62	4.35	4.36	1.67	1.65	0.28	0.35
SEX
Male	0.30	0.32	1.06	1.04	2.28	2.39	1.13	1.11	0.24	0.28
Female	0.36	0.35	0.89	0.82	1.66	1.69	1.04	0.94	0.29	0.34
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.27	0.29	0.76	0.75	1.49	1.62	0.85	0.84	0.20	0.26
AIAN	1.59	2.73	4.44	*	*	*	4.50	*	1.62	1.33
Asian	0.79	0.83	2.55	2.82	*	*	2.56	2.55	0.83	0.79
Black or African American	0.61	0.56	2.25	1.85	3.95	4.57	2.60	1.87	0.41	0.51
NHPI	*	1.42	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.35	1.54
White	0.32	0.34	0.84	0.88	1.59	1.86	0.95	0.98	0.26	0.30
Two or More Races	1.61	2.37	3.63	3.64	*	*	3.38	3.82	1.43	3.34
Hispanic or Latino	0.52	0.52	1.80	1.61	3.76	3.48	1.86	1.85	0.38	0.48
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.30	0.33	0.90	0.89	1.87	1.98	0.99	0.99	0.23	0.31
Medicaid/CHIP	0.60	0.65	1.34	1.42	2.26	2.82	1.56	1.55	0.49	0.61
Other⁴	0.44	0.46	1.61	1.60	3.87	3.77	1.78	1.54	0.37	0.38
No Coverage	0.48	0.46	1.64	1.36	4.12	3.02	1.74	1.41	0.33	0.40
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.32	0.35	0.97	0.93	1.96	2.09	1.04	1.01	0.26	0.34
Part-Time	0.67	0.71	1.61	1.73	3.02	3.04	1.81	2.01	0.57	0.64
Unemployed	0.93	1.14	2.21	2.12	4.67	4.06	2.32	2.36	0.79	1.17
Other⁵	0.41	0.42	1.35	1.32	2.78	3.02	1.49	1.32	0.31	0.36
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.26P – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness^1,2 (2023)
TOTAL	0.0799	0.2910	0.6182	0.5048	0.0050
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.2111	0.9913	0.0177	0.1793	0.0703
26 or Older	0.0270	0.2691	0.1822	0.7651	0.0009
26-49	0.7023	0.0307	0.0099	0.5282	0.0102
50 or Older	0.0099	0.4970	0.4116	0.8454	0.0269
SEX
Male	0.2631	0.0975	0.4021	0.1058	0.0143
Female	0.1500	0.9218	0.7931	0.6786	0.0778
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0670	0.5311	0.7741	0.6315	0.0158
AIAN	0.2839	*	*	*	0.9298
Asian	0.7402	0.4572	*	0.9220	0.9319
Black or African American	0.5980	0.1231	0.3317	0.0129	0.0550
NHPI	*	*	*	*	0.2252
White	0.0699	0.6483	0.4887	0.8731	0.0405
Two or More Races	0.5176	0.7423	*	0.8038	0.4802
Hispanic or Latino	0.6877	0.2336	0.4038	0.6543	0.0706
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.0224	0.9871	0.8893	0.8071	0.0101
Medicaid/CHIP	0.9088	0.3628	0.4223	0.3341	0.0703
Other⁴	0.1176	0.3497	0.1074	0.9410	0.3563
No Coverage	0.6446	0.1010	0.0957	0.7784	0.7284
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1630	0.2687	0.7529	0.4796	0.0234
Part-Time	0.5751	0.0621	0.5508	0.1367	1.0000
Unemployed	0.3059	0.9041	0.0186	0.0968	0.1939
Other⁵	0.1431	0.6716	0.5710	0.8476	0.0566
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Respondents with no mental illness may still have received mental health treatment for a past disorder that is in partial or full remission or treatment for a disorder that was not included in the definition of mental illness or for other reasons. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁵ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.27C – Received Substance Use Treatment and/or Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness and Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx) (2023)	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx) (2024)	Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx (2023)	Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx (2024)	Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx (2023)	Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx (2024)	Received SU Tx AND MH Tx (2023)	Received SU Tx AND MH Tx (2024)	Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx (2023)	Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx (2024)
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness	--	422	--	86	--	343	--	202	--	354
18-25	--	131	--	21	--	117	--	54	--	102
26 or Older	--	392	--	85	--	310	--	194	--	328
26-49	--	288	--	61	--	228	--	138	--	241
50 or Older	--	248	--	59	--	193	--	139	--	236
Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness	--	247	--	39	--	198	--	135	--	199
18-25	--	83	--	2	--	78	--	34	--	51
26 or Older	--	234	--	39	--	181	--	133	--	192
26-49	--	171	--	23	--	135	--	92	--	109
50 or Older	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	--	323	--	76	--	259	--	155	--	299
18-25	--	98	--	21	--	81	--	40	--	92
26 or Older	--	297	--	75	--	235	--	147	--	274
26-49	--	218	--	54	--	173	--	106	--	207
50 or Older	--	191	--	50	--	155	--	99	--	181
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. NOTE: The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.27D – Received Substance Use Treatment and/or Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness and Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx) (2023)	Received Substance Use Treatment (SU Tx) OR Mental Health Treatment (MH Tx) (2024)	Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx (2023)	Received SU Tx BUT NOT MH Tx (2024)	Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx (2023)	Received MH Tx BUT NOT SU Tx (2024)	Received SU Tx AND MH Tx (2023)	Received SU Tx AND MH Tx (2024)	Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx (2023)	Received NEITHER SU Tx NOR MH Tx (2024)
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness	--	1.16	--	0.40	--	1.20	--	0.84	--	1.16
18-25	--	1.61	--	0.44	--	1.69	--	1.11	--	1.61
26 or Older	--	1.44	--	0.50	--	1.45	--	1.02	--	1.44
26-49	--	1.43	--	0.49	--	1.46	--	1.00	--	1.43
50 or Older	--	3.77	--	1.27	--	3.48	--	2.71	--	3.77
Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness	--	2.29	--	0.56	--	2.24	--	1.77	--	2.29
18-25	--	2.54	--	0.14	--	2.86	--	1.94	--	2.54
26 or Older	--	2.92	--	0.74	--	2.77	--	2.27	--	2.92
26-49	--	2.38	--	0.60	--	2.45	--	2.08	--	2.38
50 or Older	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	--	1.39	--	0.52	--	1.37	--	0.97	--	1.39
18-25	--	2.20	--	0.68	--	2.00	--	1.26	--	2.20
26 or Older	--	1.65	--	0.64	--	1.61	--	1.17	--	1.65
26-49	--	1.73	--	0.65	--	1.66	--	1.18	--	1.73
50 or Older	--	4.01	--	1.51	--	3.84	--	2.79	--	4.01
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. NOTE: The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.28C – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Demographic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	360	--	109	--	328	--	2,764
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	132	--	49	--	125	--	521
26 or Older	--	324	--	99	--	299	--	2,509
26-49	--	260	--	84	--	236	--	1,283
50 or Older	--	197	--	53	--	190	--	1,830
SEX
Male	--	244	--	83	--	222	--	1,766
Female	--	240	--	69	--	228	--	1,491
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	318	--	85	--	299	--	2,345
AIAN	--	6	--	1	--	6	--	83
Asian	--	121	--	22	--	119	--	719
Black or African American	--	136	--	35	--	130	--	842
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	242	--	75	--	226	--	1,980
Two or More Races	--	71	--	22	--	68	--	183
Hispanic or Latino	--	137	--	66	--	119	--	1,246
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	282	--	85	--	262	--	1,521
Part-Time	--	116	--	35	--	111	--	593
Unemployed	--	82	--	28	--	77	--	379
Other¹	--	143	--	52	--	132	--	1,460
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.28D – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Demographic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.17	--	0.05	--	0.16	--	0.17
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.47	--	0.19	--	0.45	--	0.47
26 or Older	--	0.18	--	0.06	--	0.17	--	0.18
26-49	--	0.31	--	0.11	--	0.29	--	0.31
50 or Older	--	0.20	--	0.05	--	0.19	--	0.20
SEX
Male	--	0.23	--	0.08	--	0.21	--	0.23
Female	--	0.24	--	0.07	--	0.23	--	0.24
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.19	--	0.05	--	0.18	--	0.19
AIAN	--	0.72	--	0.12	--	0.71	--	0.72
Asian	--	0.79	--	0.15	--	0.78	--	0.79
Black or African American	--	0.51	--	0.13	--	0.49	--	0.51
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	0.21	--	0.07	--	0.20	--	0.21
Two or More Races	--	1.78	--	0.59	--	1.71	--	1.78
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.34	--	0.17	--	0.30	--	0.34
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.29	--	0.09	--	0.27	--	0.29
Part-Time	--	0.47	--	0.15	--	0.45	--	0.47
Unemployed	--	0.81	--	0.29	--	0.76	--	0.81
Other¹	--	0.20	--	0.07	--	0.18	--	0.20
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.29C – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	360	--	109	--	328	--	2,764
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	171	--	53	--	154	--	1,245
Midwest	--	122	--	33	--	114	--	1,036
South	--	227	--	58	--	211	--	1,779
West	--	194	--	66	--	173	--	1,355
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	307	--	89	--	284	--	2,155
Small Metro	--	181	--	58	--	167	--	1,599
Nonmetro	--	76	--	19	--	69	--	1,099
Urbanized	--	56	--	13	--	52	--	748
Less Urbanized	--	47	--	13	--	44	--	812
Completely Rural	--	8	--	*	--	8	--	351
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	109	--	49	--	96	--	840
100-199%	--	140	--	41	--	131	--	973
200% or More	--	302	--	85	--	280	--	2,046
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	68	--	29	--	61	--	704
High School Graduate	--	130	--	48	--	120	--	1,220
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	190	--	64	--	177	--	1,138
College Graduate	--	249	--	70	--	234	--	1,237
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	290	--	94	--	261	--	1,896
Medicaid/CHIP	--	118	--	41	--	112	--	929
Other³	--	120	--	37	--	115	--	1,285
No Coverage	--	117	--	33	--	113	--	653
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.29D – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.17	--	0.05	--	0.16	--	0.17
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	0.48	--	0.15	--	0.44	--	0.48
Midwest	--	0.30	--	0.08	--	0.28	--	0.30
South	--	0.27	--	0.07	--	0.25	--	0.27
West	--	0.40	--	0.14	--	0.36	--	0.40
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	0.26	--	0.08	--	0.24	--	0.26
Small Metro	--	0.27	--	0.09	--	0.25	--	0.27
Nonmetro	--	0.30	--	0.08	--	0.27	--	0.30
Urbanized	--	0.54	--	0.13	--	0.49	--	0.54
Less Urbanized	--	0.38	--	0.11	--	0.36	--	0.38
Completely Rural	--	0.35	--	*	--	0.35	--	0.35
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	0.34	--	0.16	--	0.30	--	0.34
100-199%	--	0.35	--	0.10	--	0.33	--	0.35
200% or More	--	0.23	--	0.07	--	0.21	--	0.23
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	0.34	--	0.15	--	0.31	--	0.34
High School Graduate	--	0.23	--	0.08	--	0.21	--	0.23
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	0.31	--	0.11	--	0.29	--	0.31
College Graduate	--	0.36	--	0.11	--	0.34	--	0.36
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	0.23	--	0.08	--	0.21	--	0.23
Medicaid/CHIP	--	0.34	--	0.12	--	0.32	--	0.34
Other³	--	0.20	--	0.06	--	0.19	--	0.20
No Coverage	--	0.53	--	0.16	--	0.51	--	0.53
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.30C – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Demographic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	257	--	74	--	239	--	646
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	100	--	41	--	95	--	158
26 or Older	--	225	--	65	--	209	--	611
26-49	--	202	--	62	--	186	--	372
50 or Older	--	110	--	19	--	108	--	464
SEX
Male	--	187	--	58	--	178	--	442
Female	--	164	--	49	--	154	--	412
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	235	--	59	--	223	--	568
AIAN	--	3	--	1	--	3	--	28
Asian	--	82	--	16	--	80	--	169
Black or African American	--	83	--	27	--	77	--	218
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	179	--	49	--	171	--	480
Two or More Races	--	71	--	22	--	67	--	74
Hispanic or Latino	--	94	--	45	--	84	--	255
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	184	--	59	--	171	--	385
Part-Time	--	102	--	28	--	99	--	207
Unemployed	--	75	--	18	--	72	--	148
Other¹	--	105	--	31	--	101	--	380
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.30D – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Demographic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.80	--	0.26	--	0.74	--	0.80
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	1.38	--	0.71	--	1.36	--	1.38
26 or Older	--	0.90	--	0.28	--	0.84	--	0.90
26-49	--	1.13	--	0.41	--	1.07	--	1.13
50 or Older	--	1.21	--	0.22	--	1.19	--	1.21
SEX
Male	--	1.16	--	0.40	--	1.11	--	1.16
Female	--	1.07	--	0.34	--	1.00	--	1.07
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.90	--	0.25	--	0.86	--	0.90
AIAN	--	2.29	--	0.45	--	2.21	--	2.29
Asian	--	3.71	--	0.82	--	3.65	--	3.71
Black or African American	--	1.95	--	0.69	--	1.83	--	1.95
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	1.05	--	0.30	--	1.00	--	1.05
Two or More Races	--	5.62	--	2.28	--	5.66	--	5.62
Hispanic or Latino	--	1.62	--	0.81	--	1.49	--	1.62
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	1.18	--	0.43	--	1.10	--	1.18
Part-Time	--	2.18	--	0.70	--	2.11	--	2.18
Unemployed	--	2.75	--	0.80	--	2.69	--	2.75
Other¹	--	1.13	--	0.36	--	1.08	--	1.13
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.31C – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	257	--	74	--	239	--	646
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	108	--	23	--	102	--	287
Midwest	--	102	--	26	--	98	--	235
South	--	166	--	40	--	158	--	395
West	--	126	--	50	--	111	--	329
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	209	--	64	--	190	--	517
Small Metro	--	143	--	33	--	139	--	334
Nonmetro	--	55	--	15	--	53	--	221
Urbanized	--	40	--	10	--	38	--	139
Less Urbanized	--	36	--	11	--	34	--	163
Completely Rural	--	6	--	*	--	6	--	49
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	92	--	23	--	89	--	305
100-199%	--	121	--	36	--	116	--	300
200% or More	--	200	--	62	--	184	--	448
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	54	--	6	--	54	--	204
High School Graduate	--	103	--	31	--	100	--	336
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	160	--	54	--	151	--	362
College Graduate	--	150	--	43	--	140	--	299
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	185	--	65	--	168	--	428
Medicaid/CHIP	--	98	--	22	--	97	--	328
Other³	--	97	--	22	--	94	--	320
No Coverage	--	102	--	26	--	99	--	223
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.31D – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.80	--	0.26	--	0.74	--	0.80
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	2.36	--	0.49	--	2.25	--	2.36
Midwest	--	1.45	--	0.43	--	1.42	--	1.45
South	--	1.31	--	0.36	--	1.25	--	1.31
West	--	1.53	--	0.71	--	1.30	--	1.53
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	1.17	--	0.40	--	1.07	--	1.17
Small Metro	--	1.26	--	0.34	--	1.24	--	1.26
Nonmetro	--	1.61	--	0.45	--	1.52	--	1.61
Urbanized	--	2.66	--	0.73	--	2.50	--	2.66
Less Urbanized	--	2.04	--	0.65	--	1.95	--	2.04
Completely Rural	--	2.36	--	*	--	2.36	--	2.36
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	1.46	--	0.39	--	1.42	--	1.46
100-199%	--	1.57	--	0.52	--	1.50	--	1.57
200% or More	--	1.11	--	0.39	--	1.02	--	1.11
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	1.80	--	0.22	--	1.77	--	1.80
High School Graduate	--	1.27	--	0.39	--	1.23	--	1.27
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	1.42	--	0.54	--	1.35	--	1.42
College Graduate	--	1.64	--	0.55	--	1.53	--	1.64
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	1.07	--	0.42	--	0.98	--	1.07
Medicaid/CHIP	--	1.32	--	0.32	--	1.29	--	1.32
Other³	--	1.53	--	0.36	--	1.49	--	1.53
No Coverage	--	2.20	--	0.61	--	2.16	--	2.20
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.32C – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Demographic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	135	--	42	--	128	--	208
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	53	--	29	--	46	--	39
26 or Older	--	123	--	31	--	118	--	204
26-49	--	104	--	31	--	97	--	121
50 or Older	--	*	--	1	--	*	--	*
SEX
Male	--	102	--	27	--	98	--	172
Female	--	91	--	33	--	84	--	106
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	132	--	40	--	125	--	193
AIAN	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Asian	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Black or African American	--	*	--	12	--	*	--	*
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	97	--	29	--	93	--	173
Two or More Races	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Hispanic or Latino	--	38	--	12	--	36	--	71
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	86	--	33	--	81	--	98
Part-Time	--	*	--	18	--	*	--	*
Unemployed	--	*	--	8	--	*	--	*
Other¹	--	63	--	18	--	61	--	148
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.32D – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Demographic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	2.88	--	1.00	--	2.72	--	2.88
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	3.40	--	2.84	--	3.68	--	3.40
26 or Older	--	3.39	--	0.95	--	3.27	--	3.39
26-49	--	3.28	--	1.24	--	3.20	--	3.28
50 or Older	--	*	--	0.15	--	*	--	*
SEX
Male	--	4.13	--	1.22	--	3.99	--	4.13
Female	--	3.72	--	1.66	--	3.42	--	3.72
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	3.32	--	1.17	--	3.14	--	3.32
AIAN	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Asian	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Black or African American	--	*	--	2.20	--	*	--	*
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	4.00	--	1.26	--	3.79	--	4.00
Two or More Races	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Hispanic or Latino	--	4.82	--	1.60	--	4.66	--	4.82
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	3.67	--	1.80	--	3.45	--	3.67
Part-Time	--	*	--	3.09	--	*	--	*
Unemployed	--	*	--	1.42	--	*	--	*
Other¹	--	5.66	--	1.56	--	5.32	--	5.66
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.33C – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	135	--	42	--	128	--	208
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	*	--	7	--	*	--	*
Midwest	--	64	--	13	--	64	--	67
South	--	85	--	30	--	76	--	110
West	--	66	--	25	--	62	--	59
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	94	--	38	--	84	--	170
Small Metro	--	88	--	15	--	87	--	85
Nonmetro	--	34	--	8	--	33	--	80
Urbanized	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Less Urbanized	--	*	--	2	--	*	--	*
Completely Rural	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	72	--	16	--	70	--	151
100-199%	--	69	--	15	--	67	--	85
200% or More	--	95	--	35	--	86	--	108
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	21	--	5	--	20	--	36
High School Graduate	--	75	--	20	--	73	--	106
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	83	--	33	--	79	--	137
College Graduate	--	66	--	17	--	64	--	107
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	85	--	36	--	78	--	94
Medicaid/CHIP	--	72	--	13	--	72	--	152
Other³	--	*	--	11	--	*	--	*
No Coverage	--	59	--	12	--	58	--	74
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.33D – Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2023)	Did Not Perceive Need for Mental Health Treatment (2024)
TOTAL	--	2.88	--	1.00	--	2.72	--	2.88
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	*	--	0.91	--	*	--	*
Midwest	--	4.74	--	1.38	--	4.85	--	4.74
South	--	4.63	--	1.96	--	4.12	--	4.63
West	--	4.54	--	2.54	--	4.78	--	4.54
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	4.12	--	1.74	--	3.59	--	4.12
Small Metro	--	4.30	--	1.05	--	4.37	--	4.30
Nonmetro	--	6.19	--	1.54	--	6.06	--	6.19
Urbanized	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
Less Urbanized	--	*	--	0.98	--	*	--	*
Completely Rural	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	6.30	--	1.46	--	6.00	--	6.30
100-199%	--	5.04	--	1.48	--	4.96	--	5.04
200% or More	--	3.65	--	1.71	--	3.41	--	3.65
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	5.68	--	1.46	--	5.50	--	5.68
High School Graduate	--	5.20	--	1.58	--	5.13	--	5.20
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	5.13	--	2.17	--	4.76	--	5.13
College Graduate	--	5.30	--	1.53	--	5.21	--	5.30
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	3.75	--	2.05	--	3.71	--	3.75
Medicaid/CHIP	--	5.45	--	1.02	--	5.35	--	5.45
Other³	--	*	--	1.56	--	*	--	*
No Coverage	--	4.98	--	1.37	--	4.89	--	4.98
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.34C – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much	--	247	--	69	--	231
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment	--	179	--	62	--	168
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment	--	172	--	53	--	164
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment	--	216	--	61	--	202
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	196	--	65	--	179
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	128	--	47	--	117
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them	--	159	--	41	--	151
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment	--	226	--	55	--	213
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private	--	147	--	25	--	146
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment	--	145	--	39	--	138
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children	--	99	--	12	--	98
Not Ready to Start Treatment	--	239	--	51	--	228
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own	--	266	--	60	--	256
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment	--	106	--	29	--	101
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will	--	104	--	31	--	100
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication	--	163	--	47	--	154
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them	--	175	--	39	--	169
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better	--	98	--	33	--	94
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.34D – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much	--	1.68	--	3.89	--	1.81
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment	--	1.52	--	3.75	--	1.69
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment	--	1.48	--	3.70	--	1.66
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment	--	1.58	--	3.59	--	1.74
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	1.60	--	3.80	--	1.75
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	1.24	--	3.27	--	1.32
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them	--	1.42	--	2.79	--	1.55
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment	--	1.66	--	3.64	--	1.82
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private	--	1.30	--	1.83	--	1.49
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment	--	1.28	--	2.66	--	1.41
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children	--	0.94	--	0.91	--	1.08
Not Ready to Start Treatment	--	1.65	--	3.29	--	1.77
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own	--	1.60	--	3.79	--	1.70
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment	--	1.02	--	2.06	--	1.13
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will	--	1.00	--	2.17	--	1.11
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication	--	1.45	--	3.06	--	1.59
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them	--	1.53	--	2.72	--	1.71
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better	--	0.94	--	2.27	--	1.05
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.35C – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much	--	203	--	54	--	195
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment	--	155	--	37	--	151
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment	--	143	--	45	--	136
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment	--	172	--	49	--	164
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	163	--	57	--	148
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	99	--	38	--	88
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them	--	120	--	33	--	113
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment	--	169	--	46	--	161
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private	--	131	--	24	--	130
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment	--	127	--	39	--	121
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children	--	87	--	12	--	86
Not Ready to Start Treatment	--	173	--	34	--	168
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own	--	203	--	51	--	195
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment	--	93	--	29	--	88
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will	--	94	--	30	--	89
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication	--	145	--	45	--	136
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them	--	145	--	36	--	140
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better	--	89	--	32	--	85
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.35D – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Any Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much	--	1.89	--	4.74	--	2.07
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment	--	2.03	--	4.36	--	2.24
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment	--	2.00	--	4.92	--	2.21
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment	--	1.96	--	4.84	--	2.12
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	2.06	--	4.86	--	2.20
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	1.57	--	4.39	--	1.63
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them	--	1.73	--	3.91	--	1.88
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment	--	1.95	--	4.88	--	2.18
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private	--	1.85	--	2.99	--	2.06
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment	--	1.73	--	4.34	--	1.88
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children	--	1.32	--	1.52	--	1.49
Not Ready to Start Treatment	--	1.97	--	3.92	--	2.16
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own	--	1.90	--	4.79	--	2.01
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment	--	1.42	--	3.49	--	1.56
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will	--	1.40	--	3.51	--	1.52
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication	--	1.92	--	4.57	--	2.08
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them	--	1.94	--	4.01	--	2.15
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better	--	1.39	--	3.73	--	1.52
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.36C – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much	--	110	--	*	--	105
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment	--	89	--	*	--	85
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment	--	85	--	*	--	80
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment	--	108	--	*	--	103
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	101	--	*	--	93
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	60	--	*	--	50
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them	--	79	--	*	--	75
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment	--	97	--	*	--	92
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private	--	87	--	*	--	85
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment	--	77	--	*	--	69
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children	--	61	--	12	--	60
Not Ready to Start Treatment	--	88	--	*	--	83
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own	--	110	--	*	--	103
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment	--	55	--	*	--	53
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will	--	65	--	*	--	58
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication	--	75	--	*	--	65
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them	--	79	--	*	--	75
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better	--	74	--	*	--	68
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.36D – Detailed Reasons for Not Receiving Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year; by Past Year Treatment-Seeking Behavior, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Among People Aged 18 or Older with Past Year Serious Mental Illness Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment in Past Year and Had a Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment in Past Year
Reason Did Not Receive Mental Health Treatment	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2023)	Any Perceived Unmet Need (2024)	Sought Treatment (2023)	Sought Treatment (2024)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2023)	Did Not Seek Treatment but Thought Should Get Treatment (2024)
Thought It Would Cost Too Much	--	3.53	--	*	--	3.97
Did Not Have Health Insurance Coverage for Mental Health Treatment	--	4.02	--	*	--	4.49
Health Insurance Would Not Pay Enough of Costs for Treatment	--	3.87	--	*	--	4.42
Did Not Know How or Where to Get Treatment	--	3.79	--	*	--	4.20
Could Not Find Treatment Program or Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	3.84	--	*	--	4.28
No Openings in Treatment Program or with Healthcare Professional They Wanted to Go to	--	3.02	--	*	--	3.03
Had Problems with Things Like Transportation, Childcare, or Getting Appointments at Times That Worked for Them	--	3.51	--	*	--	3.81
Did Not Have Enough Time for Treatment	--	3.57	--	*	--	3.97
Worried That Information Would Not Be Kept Private	--	3.48	--	*	--	3.92
Worried about What People Would Think or Say if They Got Treatment	--	3.42	--	*	--	3.66
Thought That if People Knew They Were in Treatment, Bad Things Would Happen, Like Losing Their Job, Home, or Children	--	2.99	--	4.47	--	3.42
Not Ready to Start Treatment	--	3.57	--	*	--	3.95
Thought They Should Have Been Able to Handle Their Mental Health, Emotions, or Behavior on Their Own	--	3.54	--	*	--	3.93
Thought Their Family, Friends, or Religious Group Would Not Like It if They Got Treatment	--	2.79	--	*	--	3.10
Afraid of Being Committed to Hospital or Forced into Treatment against Their Will	--	3.14	--	*	--	3.41
Thought They Would Be Told They Needed to Take Medication	--	3.38	--	*	--	3.58
Did Not Think Treatment Would Help Them	--	3.40	--	*	--	3.81
Thought No One Would Care if They Got Better	--	3.39	--	*	--	3.75
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Respondents could indicate multiple reasons for not receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents with unknown reason for not receiving treatment data were excluded. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.37C – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	No or Minimal (2023)	No or Minimal (2024)	Mild (2023)	Mild (2024)	Moderate (2023)	Moderate (2024)	Moderate or Severe (2023)	Moderate or Severe (2024)	Severe (2023)	Severe (2024)
TOTAL	--	810	--	693	--	375	--	472	--	293
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	232	--	194	--	126	--	160	--	98
26 or Older	--	761	--	650	--	356	--	451	--	284
26-49	--	465	--	394	--	232	--	296	--	180
50 or Older	--	563	--	465	--	274	--	325	--	190
SEX
Male	--	539	--	467	--	253	--	316	--	195
Female	--	583	--	496	--	270	--	341	--	207
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	709	--	595	--	350	--	432	--	251
AIAN	--	79	--	43	--	14	--	17	--	10
Asian	--	701	--	220	--	87	--	106	--	57
Black or African American	--	855	--	215	--	133	--	161	--	90
NHPI	--	143	--	59	--	13	--	15	--	7
White	--	2,172	--	625	--	332	--	417	--	221
Two or More Races	--	242	--	104	--	47	--	87	--	73
Hispanic or Latino	--	343	--	291	--	156	--	195	--	122
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	1,583	--	533	--	239	--	301	--	169
Part-Time	--	610	--	255	--	135	--	170	--	103
Unemployed	--	370	--	156	--	111	--	130	--	66
Other¹	--	1,529	--	454	--	257	--	335	--	200
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.37D – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	No or Minimal (2023)	No or Minimal (2024)	Mild (2023)	Mild (2024)	Moderate (2023)	Moderate (2024)	Moderate or Severe (2023)	Moderate or Severe (2024)	Severe (2023)	Severe (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.31	--	0.26	--	0.14	--	0.18	--	0.11
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.66	--	0.55	--	0.36	--	0.46	--	0.28
26 or Older	--	0.33	--	0.29	--	0.16	--	0.20	--	0.12
26-49	--	0.44	--	0.37	--	0.22	--	0.28	--	0.17
50 or Older	--	0.46	--	0.38	--	0.23	--	0.27	--	0.16
SEX
Male	--	0.42	--	0.37	--	0.20	--	0.25	--	0.15
Female	--	0.43	--	0.37	--	0.20	--	0.25	--	0.15
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.33	--	0.28	--	0.16	--	0.20	--	0.12
AIAN	--	3.29	--	3.29	--	1.13	--	1.41	--	0.85
Asian	--	1.27	--	1.15	--	0.49	--	0.59	--	0.33
Black or African American	--	0.78	--	0.61	--	0.40	--	0.48	--	0.28
NHPI	--	4.92	--	4.69	--	1.08	--	1.26	--	0.64
White	--	0.40	--	0.33	--	0.20	--	0.24	--	0.13
Two or More Races	--	2.22	--	1.81	--	0.86	--	1.51	--	1.28
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.72	--	0.61	--	0.33	--	0.41	--	0.25
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.41	--	0.37	--	0.18	--	0.22	--	0.13
Part-Time	--	0.81	--	0.69	--	0.40	--	0.49	--	0.31
Unemployed	--	1.28	--	1.04	--	0.83	--	0.93	--	0.49
Other¹	--	0.51	--	0.41	--	0.26	--	0.33	--	0.20
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.38C – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	No or Minimal (2023)	No or Minimal (2024)	Mild (2023)	Mild (2024)	Moderate (2023)	Moderate (2024)	Moderate or Severe (2023)	Moderate or Severe (2024)	Severe (2023)	Severe (2024)
TOTAL	--	810	--	693	--	375	--	472	--	293
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	311	--	255	--	157	--	197	--	114
Midwest	--	331	--	267	--	138	--	186	--	121
South	--	508	--	427	--	234	--	279	--	147
West	--	443	--	370	--	200	--	268	--	192
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	2,297	--	665	--	317	--	404	--	214
Small Metro	--	1,678	--	506	--	223	--	316	--	199
Nonmetro	--	1,117	--	263	--	139	--	183	--	97
Urbanized	--	774	--	167	--	114	--	133	--	52
Less Urbanized	--	817	--	207	--	84	--	125	--	78
Completely Rural	--	361	--	79	--	23	--	50	--	41
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	848	--	297	--	207	--	268	--	157
100-199%	--	992	--	320	--	168	--	225	--	146
200% or More	--	2,241	--	642	--	304	--	379	--	205
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	237	--	191	--	107	--	139	--	85
High School Graduate	--	403	--	306	--	221	--	261	--	150
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	467	--	389	--	215	--	282	--	177
College Graduate	--	425	--	377	--	188	--	222	--	135
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	2,083	--	614	--	283	--	356	--	198
Medicaid/CHIP	--	957	--	371	--	230	--	319	--	200
Other³	--	1,350	--	382	--	201	--	277	--	192
No Coverage	--	621	--	189	--	129	--	157	--	80
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.38D – Severity of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Past 2 Weeks: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	No or Minimal (2023)	No or Minimal (2024)	Mild (2023)	Mild (2024)	Moderate (2023)	Moderate (2024)	Moderate or Severe (2023)	Moderate or Severe (2024)	Severe (2023)	Severe (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.31	--	0.26	--	0.14	--	0.18	--	0.11
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	--	0.68	--	0.56	--	0.34	--	0.43	--	0.25
Midwest	--	0.62	--	0.50	--	0.26	--	0.35	--	0.23
South	--	0.50	--	0.42	--	0.23	--	0.28	--	0.14
West	--	0.72	--	0.60	--	0.32	--	0.43	--	0.31
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	--	0.42	--	0.35	--	0.20	--	0.24	--	0.14
Small Metro	--	0.55	--	0.48	--	0.24	--	0.33	--	0.23
Nonmetro	--	0.80	--	0.64	--	0.37	--	0.46	--	0.29
Urbanized	--	1.17	--	0.99	--	0.70	--	0.77	--	0.37
Less Urbanized	--	1.11	--	0.87	--	0.45	--	0.59	--	0.42
Completely Rural	--	3.01	--	2.68	--	0.62	--	1.44	--	1.46
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	--	0.88	--	0.61	--	0.49	--	0.62	--	0.38
100-199%	--	0.68	--	0.57	--	0.33	--	0.43	--	0.28
200% or More	--	0.35	--	0.32	--	0.17	--	0.20	--	0.12
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	--	0.99	--	0.79	--	0.45	--	0.58	--	0.36
High School Graduate	--	0.57	--	0.44	--	0.31	--	0.37	--	0.21
Some College/Associate’s Degree	--	0.60	--	0.50	--	0.28	--	0.36	--	0.23
College Graduate	--	0.47	--	0.42	--	0.21	--	0.25	--	0.15
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	--	0.36	--	0.32	--	0.16	--	0.20	--	0.12
Medicaid/CHIP	--	0.82	--	0.62	--	0.46	--	0.62	--	0.40
Other³	--	0.56	--	0.45	--	0.25	--	0.34	--	0.24
No Coverage	--	0.94	--	0.74	--	0.51	--	0.62	--	0.33
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: GAD symptom severity is based on the GAD-7 scale. GAD-7 scores indicate the following: 0 to 4 = no or minimal symptoms of GAD; 5 to 9 = mild symptoms; 10 to 14 = moderate symptoms; 15 to 21 = severe symptoms. The Moderate or Severe category includes respondents with a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.39C – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	527	477	326	334	387	359
18-25	173	167	111	102	123	124
18-20	113	105	70	64	82	84
21-25	172	153	101	93	129	112
26 or Older	483	457	295	312	357	343
26-49	300	316	194	214	217	217
26-29	163	153	107	110	118	95
30-34	153	167	113	107	108	120
35-39	141	136	89	87	101	103
40-44	110	124	68	75	90	99
45-49	112	135	70	99	89	90
50 or Older	346	338	201	210	282	265
50-54	179	200	82	141	163	143
55-59	127	146	85	109	95	96
60-64	203	149	144	93	142	115
65 or Older	173	192	78	85	150	168
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.39D – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	0.20	0.18	0.26	0.26	0.29	0.27
18-25	0.51	0.48	0.65	0.58	0.72	0.71
18-20	0.80	0.77	1.03	0.92	1.18	1.19
21-25	0.65	0.57	0.85	0.74	0.95	0.85
26 or Older	0.22	0.20	0.27	0.28	0.31	0.29
26-49	0.29	0.30	0.38	0.41	0.42	0.41
26-29	0.84	0.81	1.13	1.14	1.23	1.03
30-34	0.65	0.64	0.98	0.88	0.88	0.90
35-39	0.56	0.56	0.72	0.72	0.82	0.87
40-44	0.51	0.55	0.65	0.70	0.80	0.85
45-49	0.58	0.69	0.75	1.01	0.88	0.88
50 or Older	0.29	0.28	0.35	0.36	0.45	0.41
50-54	0.93	0.96	0.94	1.48	1.54	1.28
55-59	0.60	0.75	0.86	1.12	0.86	0.98
60-64	0.85	0.64	1.17	0.80	1.26	1.02
65 or Older	0.30	0.32	0.30	0.31	0.47	0.52
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.39P – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Age Category	Total (2023)	Male (2023)	Female (2023)
TOTAL	0.2094	0.8390	0.0636
18-25	0.0219	0.7046	0.0049
18-20	0.8655	1.0000	0.8673
21-25	0.0021	0.6295	0.0004
26 or Older	0.5966	0.7375	0.3183
26-49	0.5291	0.6218	0.1868
26-29	0.3791	0.5342	0.0529
30-34	0.7017	0.9668	0.6192
35-39	0.3482	0.3603	0.7154
40-44	0.8265	0.8628	0.8516
45-49	0.1897	0.0970	0.8403
50 or Older	0.8232	0.9739	0.7976
50-54	0.8918	0.8398	0.9902
55-59	0.5855	0.4078	0.9916
60-64	0.1832	0.1796	0.5505
65 or Older	0.7660	0.5047	1.0000
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.40C – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	443	395	273	278	324	288
18-25	150	142	99	89	105	111
18-20	97	87	63	52	70	73
21-25	139	130	86	80	102	95
26 or Older	404	377	249	256	298	276
26-49	265	262	170	182	191	183
26-29	143	130	93	94	102	79
30-34	132	141	94	93	92	104
35-39	125	113	80	71	85	87
40-44	98	104	61	66	82	81
45-49	87	112	58	88	68	70
50 or Older	286	271	170	166	230	209
50-54	159	180	56	133	150	121
55-59	98	104	72	65	66	80
60-64	172	105	126	49	115	92
65 or Older	126	137	67	65	104	114
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.40D – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Total (2023)	Total (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
TOTAL	0.17	0.15	0.22	0.22	0.25	0.21
18-25	0.44	0.41	0.58	0.51	0.62	0.64
18-20	0.72	0.65	0.95	0.76	1.06	1.08
21-25	0.55	0.51	0.74	0.65	0.79	0.77
26 or Older	0.18	0.17	0.23	0.23	0.26	0.24
26-49	0.26	0.25	0.33	0.35	0.37	0.34
26-29	0.75	0.71	0.98	0.99	1.08	0.88
30-34	0.56	0.55	0.82	0.77	0.76	0.80
35-39	0.50	0.47	0.65	0.59	0.70	0.74
40-44	0.46	0.47	0.58	0.62	0.74	0.70
45-49	0.46	0.58	0.62	0.91	0.69	0.71
50 or Older	0.24	0.22	0.30	0.29	0.36	0.33
50-54	0.83	0.88	0.64	1.41	1.44	1.10
55-59	0.47	0.53	0.73	0.67	0.61	0.81
60-64	0.73	0.46	1.02	0.43	1.04	0.82
65 or Older	0.22	0.23	0.25	0.24	0.33	0.35
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.40P – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Sex and Detailed Age Category, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Age Category	Total (2023)	Male (2023)	Female (2023)
TOTAL	0.1155	0.9646	0.0304
18-25	0.0225	0.6250	0.0076
18-20	0.6728	0.6058	0.8466
21-25	0.0100	0.7994	0.0020
26 or Older	0.4008	0.8379	0.1842
26-49	0.3125	0.6886	0.0800
26-29	0.1665	0.6470	0.0124
30-34	0.7477	0.9201	0.5810
35-39	0.1568	0.1321	0.5794
40-44	0.6616	0.8638	0.4761
45-49	0.0821	0.0846	0.5111
50 or Older	0.7749	0.8934	0.7955
50-54	0.6695	0.5704	0.9547
55-59	0.2532	0.3726	0.4282
60-64	0.0716	0.0853	0.3532
65 or Older	0.9182	0.7851	0.7660
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.41C – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Had MDE (2023)	Had MDE (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2024)
TOTAL	527	477	443	395
SEX
Male	326	334	273	278
Female	387	359	324	288
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	478	442	395	366
AIAN	9	32	7	21
Asian	105	120	100	106
Black or African American	161	141	127	116
NHPI	*	10	*	5
White	442	446	348	354
Two or More Races	87	89	81	83
Hispanic or Latino	215	182	191	146
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	346	317	277	248
Part-Time	189	190	155	144
Unemployed	124	126	112	112
Other¹	329	332	276	278
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.41D – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Had MDE (2023)	Had MDE (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2024)
TOTAL	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.15
SEX
Male	0.26	0.26	0.22	0.22
Female	0.29	0.27	0.25	0.21
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.23	0.21	0.19	0.17
AIAN	0.82	2.63	0.61	1.74
Asian	0.66	0.68	0.63	0.61
Black or African American	0.49	0.42	0.39	0.35
NHPI	*	0.86	*	0.47
White	0.26	0.25	0.21	0.20
Two or More Races	1.63	1.55	1.51	1.44
Hispanic or Latino	0.47	0.38	0.42	0.31
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.26	0.24	0.22	0.19
Part-Time	0.57	0.55	0.47	0.43
Unemployed	1.02	0.89	0.92	0.80
Other¹	0.33	0.32	0.28	0.28
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.41P – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Had MDE (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2023)
TOTAL	0.2094	0.1155
SEX
Male	0.8390	0.9646
Female	0.0636	0.0304
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.7921	0.5719
AIAN	0.1163	0.1476
Asian	0.4147	0.7928
Black or African American	0.5227	0.9156
NHPI	*	*
White	0.9237	0.6377
Two or More Races	0.5303	0.5554
Hispanic or Latino	0.0147	0.0129
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1722	0.3278
Part-Time	0.5255	0.5788
Unemployed	0.4053	0.3499
Other¹	0.8684	0.3081
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.42C – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had MDE (2023)	Had MDE (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2024)
TOTAL	527	477	443	395
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	202	217	176	189
Midwest	174	191	140	163
South	337	288	268	229
West	296	245	260	198
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	430	440	350	342
Small Metro	348	305	295	252
Nonmetro	205	175	134	145
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	251	262	220	224
100-199%	244	224	203	184
200% or More	423	398	326	306
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	125	107	105	85
High School Graduate	264	245	229	189
Some College/Associate’s Degree	299	296	247	253
College Graduate	278	266	218	218
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	396	370	308	290
Medicaid/CHIP	283	280	246	240
Other³	293	280	244	218
No Coverage	141	142	131	114
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.42D – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had MDE (2023)	Had MDE (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2024)
TOTAL	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.15
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.45	0.47	0.39	0.41
Midwest	0.33	0.36	0.27	0.30
South	0.34	0.28	0.27	0.23
West	0.49	0.40	0.43	0.32
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.27	0.25	0.22	0.21
Small Metro	0.36	0.31	0.32	0.27
Nonmetro	0.46	0.44	0.33	0.39
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.58	0.59	0.52	0.52
100-199%	0.48	0.43	0.40	0.35
200% or More	0.23	0.21	0.18	0.17
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.51	0.45	0.43	0.35
High School Graduate	0.38	0.35	0.33	0.27
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.39	0.38	0.32	0.33
College Graduate	0.32	0.30	0.25	0.24
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.23	0.20	0.18	0.16
Medicaid/CHIP	0.53	0.54	0.47	0.48
Other³	0.36	0.35	0.31	0.27
No Coverage	0.61	0.56	0.56	0.46
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.42P – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had MDE (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment (2023)
TOTAL	0.2094	0.1155
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.3510	0.4308
Midwest	0.0665	0.1577
South	0.0790	0.3089
West	0.4625	0.0471
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.8653	0.6198
Small Metro	0.0218	0.0100
Nonmetro	0.6802	0.2569
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.3026	0.3526
100-199%	0.6703	0.5061
200% or More	0.3648	0.2017
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.0575	0.1104
High School Graduate	0.0457	0.0143
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.8744	1.0000
College Graduate	0.5540	0.8925
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.5337	0.4317
Medicaid/CHIP	0.1446	0.3295
Other³	0.8490	0.6012
No Coverage	0.5482	0.6736
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.43C – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	--	848	--	440	--	359	--	989
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	206	--	146	--	129	--	204
26 or Older	--	806	--	419	--	340	--	937
26-49	--	493	--	281	--	237	--	522
50 or Older	--	656	--	296	--	230	--	714
SEX
Male	--	536	--	233	--	194	--	551
Female	--	624	--	348	--	278	--	697
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	771	--	417	--	334	--	903
AIAN	--	38	--	*	--	*	--	20
Asian	--	209	--	79	--	*	--	193
Black or African American	--	264	--	102	--	91	--	236
NHPI	--	31	--	*	--	*	--	30
White	--	961	--	372	--	291	--	809
Two or More Races	--	179	--	70	--	68	--	161
Hispanic or Latino	--	318	--	138	--	119	--	328
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	679	--	259	--	211	--	596
Part-Time	--	330	--	161	--	123	--	270
Unemployed	--	196	--	73	--	64	--	176
Other³	--	695	--	264	--	226	--	600
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.43D – Received Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.32	--	1.20	--	1.35	--	0.32
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.59	--	1.54	--	1.78	--	0.57
26 or Older	--	0.35	--	1.52	--	1.76	--	0.35
26-49	--	0.47	--	1.55	--	1.78	--	0.45
50 or Older	--	0.54	--	3.23	--	4.08	--	0.52
SEX
Male	--	0.42	--	2.07	--	2.47	--	0.41
Female	--	0.46	--	1.30	--	1.45	--	0.45
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.36	--	1.29	--	1.46	--	0.35
AIAN	--	2.85	--	*	--	*	--	1.83
Asian	--	1.14	--	6.05	--	*	--	1.13
Black or African American	--	0.73	--	3.59	--	4.08	--	0.72
NHPI	--	2.63	--	*	--	*	--	2.62
White	--	0.43	--	1.42	--	1.61	--	0.42
Two or More Races	--	2.46	--	4.90	--	5.58	--	2.76
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.67	--	2.95	--	3.42	--	0.65
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.44	--	1.58	--	1.78	--	0.44
Part-Time	--	0.86	--	2.25	--	2.52	--	0.84
Unemployed	--	1.32	--	3.86	--	4.82	--	1.37
Other³	--	0.59	--	2.39	--	2.80	--	0.57
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.44C – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	--	216	--	97	--	91	--	184
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	57	--	36	--	34	--	44
26 or Older	--	208	--	91	--	83	--	177
26-49	--	130	--	80	--	72	--	97
50 or Older	--	156	--	40	--	38	--	147
SEX
Male	--	150	--	63	--	54	--	136
Female	--	145	--	68	--	66	--	122
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	183	--	84	--	77	--	159
AIAN	--	9	--	*	--	*	--	4
Asian	--	27	--	2	--	2	--	26
Black or African American	--	89	--	28	--	27	--	83
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	157	--	75	--	68	--	131
Two or More Races	--	24	--	21	--	19	--	13
Hispanic or Latino	--	94	--	38	--	36	--	84
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	101	--	67	--	60	--	70
Part-Time	--	47	--	24	--	24	--	40
Unemployed	--	54	--	23	--	22	--	48
Other³	--	176	--	59	--	56	--	160
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.44D – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Inpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.08	--	0.44	--	0.59	--	0.08
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.16	--	0.62	--	0.82	--	0.15
26 or Older	--	0.09	--	0.55	--	0.74	--	0.08
26-49	--	0.12	--	0.73	--	0.92	--	0.10
50 or Older	--	0.13	--	0.74	--	1.15	--	0.13
SEX
Male	--	0.12	--	0.75	--	0.93	--	0.11
Female	--	0.11	--	0.51	--	0.71	--	0.10
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.09	--	0.45	--	0.59	--	0.08
AIAN	--	0.79	--	*	--	*	--	0.38
Asian	--	0.15	--	0.18	--	0.26	--	0.16
Black or African American	--	0.28	--	1.46	--	1.92	--	0.27
NHPI	--	*	--	*	--	*	--	*
White	--	0.10	--	0.51	--	0.67	--	0.09
Two or More Races	--	0.43	--	2.34	--	2.64	--	0.28
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.20	--	1.16	--	1.69	--	0.19
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.08	--	0.72	--	0.93	--	0.06
Part-Time	--	0.14	--	0.66	--	0.94	--	0.14
Unemployed	--	0.42	--	1.43	--	1.90	--	0.42
Other³	--	0.18	--	0.83	--	1.14	--	0.18
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.45C – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	--	693	--	357	--	305	--	696
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	171	--	126	--	113	--	147
26 or Older	--	658	--	330	--	279	--	664
26-49	--	398	--	229	--	197	--	381
50 or Older	--	516	--	228	--	185	--	505
SEX
Male	--	448	--	202	--	166	--	422
Female	--	503	--	287	--	243	--	488
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	639	--	341	--	284	--	626
AIAN	--	35	--	*	--	*	--	16
Asian	--	147	--	72	--	*	--	125
Black or African American	--	204	--	89	--	84	--	181
NHPI	--	30	--	*	--	*	--	29
White	--	670	--	303	--	242	--	551
Two or More Races	--	166	--	64	--	63	--	148
Hispanic or Latino	--	260	--	119	--	103	--	251
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	484	--	214	--	180	--	415
Part-Time	--	256	--	144	--	112	--	197
Unemployed	--	148	--	61	--	54	--	131
Other³	--	497	--	210	--	183	--	432
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.45D – Received Mental Health Treatment as an Outpatient in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	--	0.26	--	1.22	--	1.43	--	0.25
AGE GROUP
18-25	--	0.49	--	1.62	--	1.95	--	0.44
26 or Older	--	0.29	--	1.51	--	1.80	--	0.27
26-49	--	0.38	--	1.51	--	1.76	--	0.35
50 or Older	--	0.42	--	3.17	--	4.20	--	0.40
SEX
Male	--	0.35	--	1.97	--	2.37	--	0.33
Female	--	0.37	--	1.47	--	1.69	--	0.35
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	--	0.30	--	1.33	--	1.54	--	0.28
AIAN	--	2.74	--	*	--	*	--	1.51
Asian	--	0.83	--	6.04	--	*	--	0.76
Black or African American	--	0.59	--	3.50	--	4.22	--	0.58
NHPI	--	2.53	--	*	--	*	--	2.56
White	--	0.36	--	1.50	--	1.71	--	0.34
Two or More Races	--	2.49	--	5.10	--	5.91	--	2.77
Hispanic or Latino	--	0.55	--	2.81	--	3.48	--	0.53
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	--	0.35	--	1.68	--	1.95	--	0.33
Part-Time	--	0.71	--	2.63	--	2.91	--	0.63
Unemployed	--	1.07	--	3.45	--	4.23	--	1.08
Other³	--	0.46	--	2.38	--	2.87	--	0.44
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.46C – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	731	749	409	389	337	318	734	808
AGE GROUP
18-25	167	177	127	116	112	103	146	161
26 or Older	698	721	373	377	307	306	703	772
26-49	398	420	241	243	207	211	379	406
50 or Older	562	606	266	280	214	217	564	618
SEX
Male	436	459	229	197	194	165	410	464
Female	567	564	319	315	258	252	562	577
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	665	689	369	365	305	294	682	760
AIAN	37	27	*	*	*	*	37	18
Asian	154	128	*	41	*	40	142	123
Black or African American	187	200	96	84	64	81	153	184
NHPI	*	9	*	*	*	*	17	8
White	755	830	319	334	271	262	639	694
Two or More Races	114	172	71	66	67	65	92	153
Hispanic or Latino	267	254	158	120	137	106	226	236
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	502	574	224	223	183	187	436	502
Part-Time	282	280	138	144	117	108	224	224
Unemployed	127	152	86	60	78	54	95	134
Other³	558	592	263	245	221	208	456	503
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.46D – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	0.28	0.29	1.08	1.22	1.24	1.39	0.27	0.27
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.49	0.51	1.47	1.49	1.75	1.79	0.46	0.48
26 or Older	0.31	0.32	1.43	1.56	1.61	1.78	0.30	0.30
26-49	0.38	0.40	1.45	1.53	1.66	1.80	0.36	0.38
50 or Older	0.47	0.50	2.97	3.40	3.66	4.31	0.44	0.47
SEX
Male	0.35	0.36	1.90	1.93	2.25	2.33	0.33	0.36
Female	0.43	0.42	1.35	1.44	1.57	1.64	0.41	0.40
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.31	0.32	1.21	1.30	1.36	1.50	0.30	0.31
AIAN	3.04	2.18	*	*	*	*	3.16	1.59
Asian	0.92	0.74	*	4.05	*	5.40	0.89	0.75
Black or African American	0.56	0.58	3.67	3.51	4.15	4.34	0.50	0.58
NHPI	*	0.83	*	*	*	*	1.84	0.72
White	0.38	0.39	1.32	1.46	1.42	1.68	0.37	0.38
Two or More Races	1.97	2.55	5.00	5.02	5.58	5.83	1.93	2.81
Hispanic or Latino	0.59	0.53	3.00	2.95	3.74	3.54	0.54	0.51
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.37	0.39	1.58	1.58	1.97	1.87	0.35	0.39
Part-Time	0.80	0.77	2.39	2.52	2.86	2.78	0.75	0.72
Unemployed	1.05	1.09	3.96	3.37	4.33	4.29	0.94	1.11
Other³	0.51	0.52	2.04	2.45	2.29	2.89	0.47	0.49
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.46P – Received Mental Health Treatment through Prescription Medication in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL	0.2707	0.3316	0.7618	0.0441
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.8875	0.2210	0.2149	0.7481
26 or Older	0.2673	0.1140	0.3585	0.0439
26-49	0.5893	0.0066	0.0945	0.0357
50 or Older	0.3562	0.7300	0.6888	0.3239
SEX
Male	0.2714	0.1154	0.8246	0.0864
Female	0.5841	0.8241	0.9723	0.2545
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.2064	0.3434	0.5846	0.0598
AIAN	0.4360	*	*	0.1830
Asian	0.6603	*	*	0.7194
Black or African American	0.2030	0.6489	0.2053	0.0685
NHPI	*	*	*	0.2664
White	0.1851	0.5493	0.4037	0.0850
Two or More Races	0.6105	0.8909	0.8184	0.4180
Hispanic or Latino	0.8958	0.5349	0.9163	0.2490
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.6286	0.7042	0.6511	0.4568
Part-Time	0.6069	0.3699	0.7995	0.6769
Unemployed	0.7081	0.0397	0.0543	0.0684
Other³	0.4146	0.0745	0.7947	0.0866
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.47C – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	628	677	385	331	315	269	547	694
AGE GROUP
18-25	179	172	136	122	117	107	154	148
26 or Older	571	647	337	315	275	254	504	665
26-49	378	412	233	230	198	197	360	410
50 or Older	418	480	228	216	184	151	357	477
SEX
Male	377	408	213	182	185	146	330	397
Female	475	477	288	266	234	218	415	474
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	571	618	337	313	275	249	510	621
AIAN	18	34	*	*	*	*	17	16
Asian	133	150	41	71	33	*	129	129
Black or African American	205	192	103	83	75	72	170	170
NHPI	*	16	*	*	*	*	*	15
White	587	631	295	280	245	217	464	533
Two or More Races	88	156	65	58	64	56	62	145
Hispanic or Latino	238	248	164	113	139	90	174	244
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	435	485	212	200	165	171	350	429
Part-Time	230	251	137	137	116	104	177	197
Unemployed	109	158	74	58	66	53	83	141
Other³	416	456	233	196	205	161	316	385
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.47D – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL	0.24	0.26	1.17	1.15	1.33	1.34	0.21	0.25
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.53	0.49	1.60	1.53	1.85	1.85	0.48	0.44
26 or Older	0.26	0.28	1.46	1.48	1.68	1.74	0.23	0.28
26-49	0.37	0.39	1.49	1.59	1.71	1.88	0.34	0.38
50 or Older	0.35	0.40	3.05	3.15	3.89	3.70	0.30	0.38
SEX
Male	0.30	0.32	1.91	1.86	2.28	2.19	0.27	0.31
Female	0.36	0.35	1.36	1.40	1.60	1.66	0.32	0.34
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.27	0.29	1.28	1.25	1.43	1.45	0.24	0.28
AIAN	1.59	2.73	*	*	*	*	1.56	1.46
Asian	0.79	0.83	5.03	5.57	5.41	*	0.81	0.76
Black or African American	0.61	0.56	3.75	3.44	4.23	4.09	0.54	0.54
NHPI	*	1.42	*	*	*	*	*	1.38
White	0.32	0.34	1.41	1.48	1.59	1.73	0.30	0.33
Two or More Races	1.61	2.37	4.93	5.05	5.50	5.88	1.40	2.74
Hispanic or Latino	0.52	0.52	3.07	2.87	3.79	3.37	0.42	0.51
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.32	0.35	1.59	1.66	1.93	2.05	0.29	0.34
Part-Time	0.67	0.71	2.36	2.48	2.73	2.81	0.60	0.65
Unemployed	0.93	1.14	3.75	3.31	4.40	4.18	0.83	1.16
Other³	0.41	0.42	2.20	2.27	2.60	2.72	0.35	0.40
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.47P – Received Mental Health Treatment through Telehealth in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0799	0.1349	0.7119	0.0021
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.2111	0.3610	0.0822	0.1680
26 or Older	0.0270	0.0508	0.2670	0.0004
26-49	0.7023	0.0165	0.2278	0.0808
50 or Older	0.0099	0.6839	0.7284	0.0017
SEX
Male	0.2631	0.0335	0.1002	0.0305
Female	0.1500	0.9400	0.2738	0.0185
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0670	0.3038	0.9799	0.0082
AIAN	0.2839	*	*	0.9499
Asian	0.7402	0.1295	*	0.6939
Black or African American	0.5980	0.5604	0.5535	0.2962
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	0.0699	0.1905	0.5079	0.0072
Two or More Races	0.5176	0.8372	0.4164	0.3145
Hispanic or Latino	0.6877	0.1487	0.3201	0.0461
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1630	0.9041	0.4724	0.0467
Part-Time	0.5751	0.9188	0.8010	0.5939
Unemployed	0.3059	0.1221	0.2425	0.0262
Other³	0.1431	0.0587	0.4583	0.0067
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.48C – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	845	814	422	422	701	732	845	814
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	971	995	560	596	279	317	442	478	700	672
DRUGS	702	724	458	489	232	269	362	372	454	445
Marijuana	546	583	346	384	187	219	278	283	353	372
Cocaine	124	125	95	109	48	70	83	68	78	62
Heroin	94	79	*	*	18	49	*	32	*	*
Hallucinogens	58	60	*	*	20	*	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	50	53	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	182	154	134	120	76	78	103	81	126	96
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	344	348	256	267	121	175	211	205	224	206
Pain Relievers	307	297	219	231	96	152	188	179	215	181
Prescription Opioids	283	284	214	224	94	151	184	171	183	168
Stimulants	123	121	95	97	52	73	78	64	73	68
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	166	169	140	140	85	83	111	114	84	90
Tranquilizers	145	135	124	123	76	81	97	96	72	47
Sedatives	104	108	94	*	56	38	*	*	49	*
Opioids²	292	289	220	230	94	153	190	172	187	171
Central Nervous System Stimulants	246	224	192	176	98	123	150	108	156	132
ALCOHOL	655	663	361	396	198	221	293	313	532	494
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	303	303	215	231	131	142	165	170	202	182
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	571	596	371	398	187	222	315	305	386	396
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	565	582	280	311	137	164	239	261	483	460
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	3,018	3,060	841	871	336	317	715	760	2,601	2,584
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.48D – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.33	0.31	0.16	0.16	0.27	0.28	0.33	0.31
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.00	0.00	0.86	0.85	0.54	0.61	0.75	0.79	0.86	0.85
DRUGS	0.00	0.00	1.15	1.11	0.81	0.85	1.06	1.06	1.15	1.11
Marijuana	0.00	0.00	1.22	1.24	0.94	0.96	1.16	1.12	1.22	1.24
Cocaine	0.00	0.00	4.97	4.58	3.72	4.39	5.08	4.24	4.97	4.58
Heroin	0.00	0.00	*	*	3.33	6.39	*	5.37	*	*
Hallucinogens	0.00	0.00	*	*	5.49	*	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	0.00	0.00	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	0.00	0.00	5.44	4.80	3.89	3.99	4.78	4.24	5.44	4.80
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.00	0.00	2.29	2.22	1.54	2.10	2.14	2.30	2.29	2.22
Pain Relievers	0.00	0.00	3.06	3.02	1.83	2.85	2.85	3.03	3.06	3.02
Prescription Opioids	0.00	0.00	3.09	3.08	1.95	3.01	3.02	3.13	3.09	3.08
Stimulants	0.00	0.00	3.92	3.39	3.41	3.48	3.84	3.30	3.92	3.39
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.00	0.00	3.34	3.81	3.49	3.76	3.85	4.27	3.34	3.81
Tranquilizers	0.00	0.00	3.71	3.09	3.92	4.62	4.29	4.90	3.71	3.09
Sedatives	0.00	0.00	5.57	*	6.04	5.02	*	*	5.57	*
Opioids²	0.00	0.00	2.93	2.98	1.81	2.88	2.88	2.98	2.93	2.98
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.00	0.00	3.02	2.56	2.13	2.31	2.77	2.21	3.02	2.56
ALCOHOL	0.00	0.00	1.06	1.08	0.66	0.76	0.93	0.94	1.06	1.08
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.00	0.00	2.00	1.90	1.62	1.65	1.84	1.80	2.00	1.90
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.00	0.00	1.37	1.37	0.95	0.99	1.34	1.26	1.37	1.37
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.00	0.00	1.16	1.23	0.63	0.79	1.04	1.10	1.16	1.23
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.00	0.00	0.32	0.31	0.15	0.14	0.28	0.28	0.32	0.31
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.48P – Levels of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	0.1292	0.6520	0.0488	0.1292
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	da	0.1713	0.8605	0.1730	0.1713
DRUGS	da	0.3529	0.6992	0.4955	0.3529
Marijuana	da	0.8045	0.4395	0.3646	0.8045
Cocaine	da	0.2440	0.3207	0.7721	0.2440
Heroin	da	*	0.0002	*	*
Hallucinogens	da	*	*	*	*
Inhalants	da	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	da	0.6555	0.2776	0.1543	0.6555
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	da	0.1002	0.0693	0.8485	0.1002
Pain Relievers	da	0.1177	0.0667	0.8971	0.1177
Prescription Opioids	da	0.1411	0.0668	0.9697	0.1411
Stimulants	da	0.6405	0.1813	0.4428	0.6405
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	da	0.9946	0.9571	0.9575	0.9946
Tranquilizers	da	0.2439	0.4010	0.9507	0.2439
Sedatives	da	*	0.2334	*	*
Opioids²	da	0.1144	0.0213	0.7799	0.1144
Central Nervous System Stimulants	da	0.6770	0.0198	0.0991	0.6770
ALCOHOL	da	0.2549	0.3563	0.0502	0.2549
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	da	0.2486	0.4224	0.0525	0.2486
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	da	0.6426	0.3045	0.7890	0.6426
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	da	0.6567	0.4040	0.2980	0.6567
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	da	0.2051	0.5848	0.0922	0.2051
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.49C – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	527	477	443	395	527	477
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	971	995	349	346	299	286	846	866
DRUGS	702	724	285	286	248	235	596	595
Marijuana	546	583	210	220	179	176	475	489
Cocaine	124	125	66	64	45	56	105	101
Heroin	94	79	17	*	17	*	93	*
Hallucinogens	58	60	26	*	20	*	47	*
Inhalants	50	53	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	182	154	83	83	77	78	159	123
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	344	348	158	195	142	155	295	279
Pain Relievers	307	297	133	172	115	130	270	243
Prescription Opioids	283	284	131	170	112	129	242	227
Stimulants	123	121	56	72	46	66	111	94
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	166	169	104	111	85	82	126	127
Tranquilizers	145	135	94	108	76	79	108	80
Sedatives	104	108	*	34	56	33	*	102
Opioids³	292	289	132	170	113	130	250	229
Central Nervous System Stimulants	246	224	120	119	96	109	209	178
ALCOHOL	655	663	232	236	199	206	597	608
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	303	303	144	141	126	125	259	255
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	571	596	224	247	193	197	505	499
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	565	582	174	183	142	158	527	547
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	3,018	3,060	440	404	340	307	2,891	2,909
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.49D – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.18	0.17	0.15	0.20	0.18
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.00	0.00	0.65	0.64	0.58	0.55	0.65	0.64
DRUGS	0.00	0.00	0.94	0.86	0.87	0.74	0.94	0.86
Marijuana	0.00	0.00	1.01	0.92	0.91	0.77	1.01	0.92
Cocaine	0.00	0.00	4.60	4.30	3.50	4.00	4.60	4.30
Heroin	0.00	0.00	3.04	*	3.00	*	3.04	*
Hallucinogens	0.00	0.00	5.74	*	5.16	*	5.74	*
Inhalants	0.00	0.00	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	0.00	0.00	4.17	4.19	3.86	4.04	4.17	4.19
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.00	0.00	1.86	2.20	1.73	1.87	1.86	2.20
Pain Relievers	0.00	0.00	2.34	3.04	2.09	2.49	2.34	3.04
Prescription Opioids	0.00	0.00	2.51	3.18	2.25	2.64	2.51	3.18
Stimulants	0.00	0.00	3.63	3.40	3.12	3.22	3.63	3.40
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.00	0.00	3.73	4.21	3.46	3.66	3.73	4.21
Tranquilizers	0.00	0.00	4.18	4.77	3.90	4.45	4.18	4.77
Sedatives	0.00	0.00	*	4.83	5.99	4.64	*	4.83
Opioids³	0.00	0.00	2.34	3.00	2.09	2.51	2.34	3.00
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.00	0.00	2.50	2.30	2.07	2.17	2.50	2.30
ALCOHOL	0.00	0.00	0.75	0.80	0.66	0.71	0.75	0.80
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.00	0.00	1.71	1.62	1.56	1.48	1.71	1.62
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.00	0.00	1.09	1.06	0.98	0.87	1.09	1.06
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.00	0.00	0.78	0.87	0.65	0.76	0.78	0.87
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.17	0.15	0.13	0.20	0.17
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.49P – Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	0.2094	0.1155	0.2094
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	da	0.9895	0.9754	0.9895
DRUGS	da	0.6591	0.6460	0.6591
Marijuana	da	0.7212	0.8615	0.7212
Cocaine	da	0.7294	0.3235	0.7294
Heroin	da	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	da	*	*	*
Inhalants	da	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	da	0.4404	0.2684	0.4404
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	da	0.1855	0.4589	0.1855
Pain Relievers	da	0.3637	0.6796	0.3637
Prescription Opioids	da	0.4549	0.6251	0.4549
Stimulants	da	0.3512	0.2685	0.3512
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	da	0.8456	0.9246	0.8456
Tranquilizers	da	0.3083	0.3200	0.3083
Sedatives	da	*	0.2324	*
Opioids³	da	0.2480	0.4403	0.2480
Central Nervous System Stimulants	da	0.1753	0.0233	0.1753
ALCOHOL	da	0.7872	0.7515	0.7872
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	da	0.4261	0.4447	0.4261
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	da	0.9443	0.9201	0.9443
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	da	0.2720	0.2426	0.2720
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	da	0.1676	0.0550	0.1676
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.50C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	908	1,003	597	684	280	352	481	529	951	944
Marijuana	866	957	561	627	259	336	449	483	872	881
Cocaine	264	220	178	168	93	106	148	119	187	145
Crack	139	117	106	95	43	67	95	46	88	62
Heroin	84	86	54	70	18	48	51	37	65	49
Hallucinogens	289	385	203	273	111	183	164	192	204	272
LSD	124	139	86	99	52	64	67	66	85	90
PCP	44	27	27	19	27	5	5	18	34	20
Ecstasy	169	134	114	89	59	59	92	73	105	102
Psilocybin	--	325	--	218	--	125	--	167	--	239
Inhalants³	--	147	--	99	--	60	--	82	--	104
Methamphetamine	212	181	146	126	89	84	109	85	158	128
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	421	411	283	312	144	210	244	222	335	314
Pain Relievers	333	322	206	229	110	162	184	166	264	245
Prescription Opioids	324	309	202	223	109	161	180	159	261	234
Stimulants	190	206	153	156	81	110	128	104	120	136
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	258	245	184	184	101	110	151	147	188	175
Tranquilizers	225	219	177	169	100	105	142	130	141	147
Sedatives	147	125	92	79	28	41	87	68	117	97
Benzodiazepines	230	205	160	156	94	92	124	125	167	134
Opioids^2,4	328	315	204	229	109	162	182	161	268	237
Central Nervous System Stimulants	351	325	248	244	132	162	203	165	255	228
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	568	--	415	--	258	--	304	--	428
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	954	997	592	639	273	320	477	516	1,088	1,050
Tobacco Products⁶	886	905	522	545	240	284	424	442	998	932
Cigarettes	838	806	485	486	225	262	389	396	844	784
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	381	349	151	200	80	86	130	176	357	295
Cigars	493	499	244	286	128	149	212	236	479	422
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	659	632	423	461	215	208	332	366	546	541
ALCOHOL	1,117	1,094	858	897	385	382	680	737	2,103	2,127
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	330	319	206	232	111	163	183	165	269	238
Illegally Made Fentanyl	68	87	53	83	37	66	39	49	45	25
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.50D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.35	0.38	0.70	0.76	1.32	1.44	0.84	0.85	0.37	0.39
Marijuana	0.34	0.36	0.71	0.72	1.29	1.47	0.83	0.81	0.35	0.37
Cocaine	0.10	0.08	0.30	0.27	0.61	0.71	0.33	0.25	0.09	0.07
Crack	0.05	0.04	0.18	0.15	0.29	0.45	0.21	0.10	0.04	0.03
Heroin	0.03	0.03	0.09	0.11	0.13	0.33	0.12	0.08	0.03	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.11	0.15	0.33	0.40	0.72	1.11	0.36	0.39	0.10	0.13
LSD	0.05	0.05	0.14	0.16	0.35	0.43	0.15	0.14	0.04	0.04
PCP	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.18	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.01
Ecstasy	0.07	0.05	0.19	0.14	0.40	0.40	0.21	0.15	0.05	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.12	--	0.33	--	0.80	--	0.34	--	0.12
Inhalants³	--	0.06	--	0.16	--	0.41	--	0.17	--	0.05
Methamphetamine	0.08	0.07	0.24	0.20	0.59	0.57	0.25	0.18	0.08	0.06
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.16	0.16	0.43	0.47	0.90	1.26	0.51	0.45	0.16	0.15
Pain Relievers	0.13	0.12	0.33	0.36	0.71	1.03	0.40	0.34	0.13	0.12
Prescription Opioids	0.13	0.12	0.32	0.35	0.70	1.03	0.39	0.33	0.13	0.12
Stimulants	0.07	0.08	0.25	0.25	0.55	0.72	0.28	0.22	0.06	0.07
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.10	0.09	0.30	0.29	0.67	0.72	0.33	0.31	0.09	0.09
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.08	0.29	0.27	0.67	0.68	0.31	0.27	0.07	0.07
Sedatives	0.06	0.05	0.16	0.13	0.19	0.28	0.20	0.14	0.06	0.05
Benzodiazepines	0.09	0.08	0.26	0.25	0.63	0.60	0.28	0.27	0.08	0.07
Opioids^2,4	0.13	0.12	0.33	0.36	0.70	1.03	0.40	0.34	0.13	0.12
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.14	0.12	0.39	0.37	0.85	1.02	0.44	0.34	0.13	0.11
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.22	--	0.58	--	1.38	--	0.58	--	0.20
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.37	0.38	0.73	0.77	1.36	1.55	0.84	0.84	0.40	0.42
Tobacco Products⁶	0.34	0.34	0.68	0.71	1.26	1.47	0.77	0.77	0.39	0.38
Cigarettes	0.33	0.31	0.66	0.67	1.26	1.44	0.74	0.73	0.35	0.33
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.15	0.13	0.25	0.31	0.52	0.57	0.29	0.36	0.17	0.14
Cigars	0.19	0.19	0.38	0.43	0.81	0.94	0.45	0.47	0.22	0.20
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.26	0.24	0.60	0.61	1.24	1.19	0.67	0.66	0.24	0.23
ALCOHOL	0.43	0.42	0.75	0.68	1.26	1.30	0.88	0.79	0.49	0.49
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.13	0.12	0.33	0.36	0.72	1.03	0.40	0.34	0.13	0.12
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.03	0.09	0.13	0.25	0.45	0.09	0.10	0.02	0.01
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.50P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.1820	0.1037	0.0064	0.5308	0.7526
Marijuana	0.2393	0.2242	0.0783	0.5096	0.6946
Cocaine	0.0110	0.2384	0.8743	0.1929	0.0068
Crack	0.1428	0.4338	0.2162	0.0607	0.1179
Heroin	0.2844	0.6303	0.0370	0.3489	0.0357
Hallucinogens	0.0021	0.0171	0.1030	0.0548	0.0570
LSD	0.6573	0.3986	0.6205	0.5630	0.9506
PCP	0.7899	0.4859	0.5026	0.0231	0.2918
Ecstasy	0.4653	0.2101	0.4522	0.3357	1.0000
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.2684	0.3870	0.8492	0.2037	0.3917
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.1908	0.2365	0.1900	0.0247	0.3516
Pain Relievers	0.1976	0.4803	0.2371	0.1118	0.2171
Prescription Opioids	0.1320	0.4568	0.2141	0.0861	0.1437
Stimulants	0.8241	0.3275	0.6535	0.1299	0.5643
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5145	0.3815	0.6795	0.2141	0.7996
Tranquilizers	0.4346	0.2189	0.8780	0.1327	0.9830
Sedatives	0.4114	0.6386	0.2858	0.3209	0.4728
Benzodiazepines	0.1927	0.1619	0.9190	0.1281	0.5120
Opioids^2,4	0.0844	0.4468	0.1390	0.0558	0.0874
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0842	0.1682	0.4258	0.0256	0.1692
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.1346	0.3912	0.2981	0.5963	0.0146
Tobacco Products⁶	0.0036	0.8807	0.6996	0.7683	0.0006
Cigarettes	0.0494	0.5978	0.9573	0.6275	0.0266
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.3830	0.0049	0.2046	0.0128	0.0133
Cigars	0.0040	0.8810	0.8304	0.6990	0.0004
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.1765	0.1175	0.6684	0.0710	0.7915
ALCOHOL	0.2673	0.8615	0.5825	0.5768	0.1627
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.0972	0.4952	0.2085	0.0984	0.0875
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.8006	0.2042	0.2457	0.4988	0.0396
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.51C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	908	1,003	349	397	305	322	1,124	1,154
Marijuana	866	957	330	369	287	309	1,037	1,084
Cocaine	264	220	97	106	80	96	244	190
Crack	139	117	44	51	41	49	131	99
Heroin	84	86	17	47	16	45	82	62
Hallucinogens	289	385	118	198	109	172	272	344
LSD	124	139	63	67	56	58	103	130
PCP	44	27	27	5	27	4	35	27
Ecstasy	169	134	61	61	53	59	154	122
Psilocybin	--	325	--	147	--	110	--	305
Inhalants⁴	--	147	--	70	--	60	--	136
Methamphetamine	212	181	86	91	79	84	195	151
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	421	411	171	218	156	182	406	375
Pain Relievers	333	322	123	164	109	151	315	278
Prescription Opioids	324	309	121	163	108	151	307	263
Stimulants	190	206	94	113	87	75	168	180
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	258	245	110	111	103	97	235	229
Tranquilizers	225	219	108	107	101	91	195	200
Sedatives	147	125	53	40	52	40	138	119
Benzodiazepines	230	205	104	89	98	77	204	185
Opioids^3,5	328	315	121	164	108	152	316	267
Central Nervous System Stimulants	351	325	150	166	130	133	325	289
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	568	--	272	--	219	--	529
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	954	997	342	369	282	310	1,265	1,230
Tobacco Products⁷	886	905	305	318	256	268	1,130	1,078
Cigarettes	838	806	276	292	227	246	974	909
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	381	349	77	108	74	94	386	342
Cigars	493	499	138	184	114	146	535	492
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	659	632	241	268	196	218	681	672
ALCOHOL	1,117	1,094	487	450	384	358	2,374	2,430
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	330	319	121	164	108	152	318	272
Illegally Made Fentanyl	68	87	34	65	31	64	63	53
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.51D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.35	0.38	1.12	1.12	1.34	1.27	0.36	0.38
Marijuana	0.34	0.36	1.11	1.10	1.36	1.31	0.34	0.36
Cocaine	0.10	0.08	0.42	0.48	0.50	0.64	0.10	0.08
Crack	0.05	0.04	0.20	0.23	0.27	0.33	0.06	0.04
Heroin	0.03	0.03	0.08	0.22	0.11	0.31	0.03	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.11	0.15	0.52	0.84	0.67	1.04	0.11	0.14
LSD	0.05	0.05	0.28	0.31	0.36	0.39	0.04	0.05
PCP	0.02	0.01	0.12	0.02	0.18	0.03	0.01	0.01
Ecstasy	0.07	0.05	0.27	0.29	0.34	0.40	0.06	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.12	--	0.64	--	0.69	--	0.12
Inhalants⁴	--	0.06	--	0.32	--	0.41	--	0.06
Methamphetamine	0.08	0.07	0.38	0.42	0.51	0.56	0.08	0.06
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.16	0.16	0.72	0.92	0.93	1.11	0.16	0.15
Pain Relievers	0.13	0.12	0.54	0.73	0.67	0.97	0.13	0.11
Prescription Opioids	0.13	0.12	0.53	0.72	0.67	0.97	0.13	0.11
Stimulants	0.07	0.08	0.42	0.51	0.56	0.50	0.07	0.07
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.10	0.09	0.49	0.50	0.65	0.64	0.10	0.09
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.08	0.48	0.48	0.64	0.60	0.08	0.08
Sedatives	0.06	0.05	0.24	0.19	0.34	0.27	0.06	0.05
Benzodiazepines	0.09	0.08	0.46	0.40	0.62	0.51	0.08	0.08
Opioids^3,5	0.13	0.12	0.53	0.72	0.67	0.97	0.13	0.11
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.14	0.12	0.63	0.72	0.78	0.85	0.13	0.12
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	0.22	--	1.04	--	1.19	--	0.21
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.37	0.38	1.11	1.23	1.33	1.47	0.38	0.39
Tobacco Products⁷	0.34	0.34	1.07	1.16	1.30	1.39	0.36	0.36
Cigarettes	0.33	0.31	0.99	1.12	1.17	1.36	0.33	0.32
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.15	0.13	0.35	0.49	0.47	0.61	0.16	0.14
Cigars	0.19	0.19	0.59	0.79	0.71	0.91	0.21	0.19
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.26	0.24	0.92	1.02	1.09	1.23	0.25	0.24
ALCOHOL	0.43	0.42	1.03	1.04	1.27	1.22	0.46	0.44
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.13	0.12	0.53	0.72	0.67	0.97	0.13	0.11
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.03	0.15	0.30	0.21	0.43	0.03	0.02
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.51P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.1820	0.0014	0.0004	0.4692
Marijuana	0.2393	0.0209	0.0018	0.4400
Cocaine	0.0110	0.8329	0.4948	0.0040
Crack	0.1428	0.4731	0.4446	0.0600
Heroin	0.2844	0.0301	0.0520	0.0194
Hallucinogens	0.0021	0.0032	0.0105	0.0380
LSD	0.6573	0.5245	0.4775	0.9950
PCP	0.7899	0.5218	0.5213	0.9015
Ecstasy	0.4653	0.7317	0.8792	0.5497
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--
Inhalants⁴	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.2684	0.6028	0.4260	0.1364
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.1908	0.3943	0.5186	0.0882
Pain Relievers	0.1976	0.2963	0.2858	0.0657
Prescription Opioids	0.1320	0.3202	0.2700	0.0382
Stimulants	0.8241	0.9943	0.5623	0.8833
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5145	0.7133	0.7948	0.4322
Tranquilizers	0.4346	0.7735	0.9615	0.3558
Sedatives	0.4114	0.7144	0.9650	0.4795
Benzodiazepines	0.1927	0.7430	0.5484	0.2285
Opioids^3,5	0.0844	0.2063	0.1707	0.0154
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0842	0.5171	0.3162	0.0284
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.1346	0.0410	0.0049	0.0382
Tobacco Products⁷	0.0036	0.1104	0.0330	0.0006
Cigarettes	0.0494	0.4557	0.1037	0.0240
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.3830	0.0006	0.0006	0.0726
Cigars	0.0040	0.0327	0.0567	0.0003
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.1765	0.3262	0.0081	0.1966
ALCOHOL	0.2673	0.4918	0.1133	0.2075
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.0972	0.2205	0.1818	0.0202
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.8006	0.1276	0.2907	0.3563
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.52C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	235	227	211	218	109	114	164	172	256	236
Marijuana	238	224	206	205	107	109	161	160	245	226
Cocaine	84	63	61	53	41	36	38	38	54	38
Crack	21	15	8	14	6	9	6	11	19	4
Heroin	8	14	4	13	1	11	4	7	6	5
Hallucinogens	111	117	84	95	58	55	57	74	74	73
LSD	47	46	35	35	24	21	26	27	32	26
PCP	1	10	<1	7	*	2	<1	7	1	7
Ecstasy	60	49	45	37	28	27	29	26	36	33
Psilocybin	--	106	--	87	--	46	--	67	--	63
Inhalants³	--	60	--	47	--	27	--	38	--	39
Methamphetamine	19	29	14	24	8	15	12	19	11	15
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	103	107	76	87	57	57	51	63	76	71
Pain Relievers	63	84	45	59	33	36	31	45	46	57
Prescription Opioids	59	82	43	58	30	36	31	45	41	54
Stimulants	79	73	59	60	43	36	40	48	57	42
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	48	55	39	48	23	35	31	31	29	32
Tranquilizers	45	53	38	45	22	33	31	29	27	31
Sedatives	19	19	17	18	10	14	13	12	10	4
Benzodiazepines	43	51	38	42	22	29	30	29	22	31
Opioids^2,4	59	82	43	59	30	38	31	45	41	54
Central Nervous System Stimulants	113	89	82	77	54	47	53	59	80	56
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	155	--	133	--	76	--	102	--	108
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	228	235	191	200	103	101	149	162	284	268
Tobacco Products⁶	212	206	149	145	90	87	108	112	216	197
Cigarettes	185	185	126	128	80	82	91	95	168	160
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	95	107	49	63	31	31	37	55	90	88
Cigars	139	140	87	92	55	56	65	72	133	126
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	224	220	173	187	92	96	137	152	250	233
ALCOHOL	237	230	278	269	135	130	215	212	384	389
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	60	84	44	60	30	38	33	47	41	55
Illegally Made Fentanyl	17	25	15	20	5	11	14	17	7	9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.52D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.69	0.65	1.15	1.14	2.00	2.20	1.36	1.33	0.82	0.71
Marijuana	0.70	0.64	1.16	1.15	2.06	2.22	1.36	1.33	0.81	0.70
Cocaine	0.25	0.18	0.50	0.44	1.11	1.07	0.46	0.44	0.23	0.16
Crack	0.06	0.04	0.07	0.12	0.16	0.28	0.07	0.13	0.09	0.02
Heroin	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.11	0.03	0.33	0.05	0.08	0.03	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.33	0.33	0.68	0.78	1.54	1.56	0.67	0.84	0.31	0.30
LSD	0.14	0.13	0.30	0.30	0.67	0.64	0.32	0.32	0.14	0.11
PCP	<0.01	0.03	<0.01	0.06	*	0.05	<0.01	0.08	<0.01	0.03
Ecstasy	0.18	0.14	0.38	0.32	0.80	0.80	0.36	0.31	0.16	0.14
Psilocybin	--	0.30	--	0.72	--	1.35	--	0.77	--	0.27
Inhalants³	--	0.17	--	0.40	--	0.81	--	0.45	--	0.16
Methamphetamine	0.06	0.08	0.13	0.21	0.23	0.44	0.15	0.23	0.05	0.06
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.30	0.31	0.63	0.70	1.49	1.61	0.63	0.71	0.32	0.29
Pain Relievers	0.19	0.24	0.39	0.49	0.90	1.06	0.39	0.53	0.20	0.24
Prescription Opioids	0.17	0.23	0.37	0.49	0.85	1.06	0.39	0.52	0.18	0.22
Stimulants	0.23	0.21	0.50	0.51	1.16	1.07	0.50	0.56	0.25	0.18
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.14	0.16	0.34	0.40	0.65	1.04	0.39	0.36	0.13	0.13
Tranquilizers	0.13	0.15	0.32	0.38	0.61	0.99	0.38	0.34	0.12	0.13
Sedatives	0.06	0.05	0.14	0.16	0.30	0.41	0.16	0.15	0.04	0.02
Benzodiazepines	0.13	0.14	0.32	0.36	0.62	0.88	0.38	0.34	0.10	0.13
Opioids^2,4	0.17	0.23	0.37	0.50	0.85	1.09	0.39	0.53	0.18	0.23
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.33	0.26	0.67	0.63	1.42	1.34	0.64	0.68	0.34	0.23
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.44	--	0.99	--	2.00	--	1.08	--	0.43
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.67	0.67	1.11	1.15	2.06	2.07	1.32	1.32	0.82	0.77
Tobacco Products⁶	0.62	0.59	1.01	1.01	1.95	2.02	1.12	1.13	0.75	0.67
Cigarettes	0.54	0.53	0.93	0.95	1.85	2.04	1.04	1.00	0.62	0.58
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.28	0.31	0.42	0.51	0.86	0.92	0.46	0.62	0.37	0.36
Cigars	0.41	0.40	0.69	0.74	1.42	1.52	0.77	0.82	0.51	0.48
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.66	0.63	1.04	1.13	1.97	2.07	1.24	1.29	0.80	0.71
ALCOHOL	0.70	0.66	1.01	0.97	1.61	1.68	1.22	1.15	0.84	0.83
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.18	0.24	0.38	0.51	0.85	1.11	0.41	0.55	0.18	0.23
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.05	0.07	0.13	0.17	0.14	0.33	0.18	0.20	0.03	0.04
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.52P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.3422	0.4740	0.2245	0.7815	0.1007
Marijuana	0.0961	0.7150	0.6807	0.6154	0.0778
Cocaine	0.0138	0.2708	0.3405	0.6167	0.0108
Crack	0.3880	0.3521	0.2625	0.7602	0.0621
Heroin	0.1509	0.0251	0.0499	0.2771	0.3941
Hallucinogens	0.8694	0.2798	0.9328	0.0814	0.3566
LSD	0.0235	0.1276	0.1026	0.5948	0.1039
PCP	0.0105	0.0149	*	0.0371	0.2259
Ecstasy	0.0946	0.2135	0.4871	0.2757	0.2613
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.1454	0.0913	0.1457	0.2883	0.8658
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.6904	0.7250	0.8939	0.4073	0.4021
Pain Relievers	0.3842	0.6372	0.9128	0.3569	0.3842
Prescription Opioids	0.4572	0.5544	0.8608	0.4218	0.5734
Stimulants	0.2681	0.6401	0.7578	0.6197	0.0325
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.7767	0.9451	0.4024	0.4355	0.8035
Tranquilizers	0.8296	0.7490	0.3959	0.2614	0.8511
Sedatives	0.5379	0.9864	0.6992	0.7929	0.1377
Benzodiazepines	0.9374	0.5307	0.9063	0.4175	0.3771
Opioids^2,4	0.3265	0.3887	0.6374	0.3637	0.5339
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0476	0.9915	0.8905	0.7624	0.0023
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.0899	0.8302	0.7084	0.9036	0.0537
Tobacco Products⁶	0.0265	0.8799	0.9099	0.9347	0.0073
Cigarettes	0.2600	0.9439	0.6028	0.7893	0.1647
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.0182	0.0008	0.1893	0.0013	0.5667
Cigars	0.1636	0.8947	0.8373	0.9010	0.0848
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.1350	0.8989	0.8013	0.9084	0.0514
ALCOHOL	0.1819	1.0000	0.5181	0.7757	0.1254
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.2126	0.2527	0.4709	0.2975	0.4627
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.5273	0.2370	0.0650	0.7470	0.4030
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.53C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	235	227	146	151	123	134	312	291
Marijuana	238	224	142	146	119	132	298	275
Cocaine	84	63	45	40	39	34	68	49
Crack	21	15	8	9	6	9	20	12
Heroin	8	14	3	11	3	6	8	8
Hallucinogens	111	117	65	69	56	59	95	94
LSD	47	46	29	24	21	19	37	35
PCP	1	10	*	3	*	2	1	10
Ecstasy	60	49	33	28	27	27	48	40
Psilocybin	--	106	--	60	--	52	--	87
Inhalants⁴	--	60	--	39	--	35	--	47
Methamphetamine	19	29	9	13	8	8	17	26
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	103	107	61	70	58	64	92	89
Pain Relievers	63	84	34	47	32	41	58	64
Prescription Opioids	59	82	32	46	29	41	54	62
Stimulants	79	73	47	41	45	39	69	60
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	48	55	29	38	27	37	39	42
Tranquilizers	45	53	27	36	25	36	37	41
Sedatives	19	19	12	14	11	14	15	13
Benzodiazepines	43	51	28	32	25	32	33	41
Opioids^3,5	59	82	32	48	29	41	54	62
Central Nervous System Stimulants	113	89	59	53	53	48	100	78
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	155	--	95	--	82	--	138
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	228	235	131	137	113	117	327	317
Tobacco Products⁷	212	206	113	109	97	93	243	232
Cigarettes	185	185	97	97	84	86	193	187
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	95	107	34	49	29	44	94	100
Cigars	139	140	62	70	54	57	144	141
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	224	220	117	130	103	110	294	274
ALCOHOL	237	230	190	175	155	146	453	467
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	60	84	31	47	29	41	55	65
Illegally Made Fentanyl	17	25	11	11	11	10	14	22
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.53D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.69	0.65	1.53	1.70	1.87	1.94	0.76	0.65
Marijuana	0.70	0.64	1.53	1.78	1.87	2.05	0.76	0.64
Cocaine	0.25	0.18	0.72	0.69	0.84	0.83	0.23	0.17
Crack	0.06	0.04	0.13	0.17	0.15	0.23	0.07	0.04
Heroin	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.20	0.06	0.15	0.03	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.33	0.33	1.03	1.16	1.21	1.38	0.32	0.31
LSD	0.14	0.13	0.48	0.43	0.48	0.47	0.13	0.12
PCP	<0.01	0.03	*	0.05	*	0.04	<0.01	0.03
Ecstasy	0.18	0.14	0.55	0.49	0.62	0.66	0.17	0.14
Psilocybin	--	0.30	--	1.03	--	1.23	--	0.29
Inhalants⁴	--	0.17	--	0.69	--	0.86	--	0.16
Methamphetamine	0.06	0.08	0.15	0.22	0.18	0.21	0.06	0.09
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.30	0.31	0.97	1.15	1.26	1.44	0.32	0.29
Pain Relievers	0.19	0.24	0.56	0.82	0.72	0.98	0.20	0.21
Prescription Opioids	0.17	0.23	0.53	0.81	0.68	0.98	0.19	0.20
Stimulants	0.23	0.21	0.76	0.72	0.97	0.92	0.24	0.20
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.14	0.16	0.48	0.66	0.60	0.90	0.14	0.14
Tranquilizers	0.13	0.15	0.46	0.63	0.57	0.86	0.13	0.14
Sedatives	0.06	0.05	0.20	0.25	0.26	0.33	0.05	0.04
Benzodiazepines	0.13	0.14	0.46	0.57	0.58	0.77	0.12	0.14
Opioids^3,5	0.17	0.23	0.53	0.82	0.68	0.98	0.19	0.21
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.33	0.26	0.93	0.89	1.12	1.10	0.34	0.25
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	0.44	--	1.44	--	1.69	--	0.42
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.67	0.67	1.56	1.70	1.86	1.96	0.74	0.71
Tobacco Products⁷	0.62	0.59	1.49	1.53	1.76	1.78	0.67	0.62
Cigarettes	0.54	0.53	1.34	1.46	1.59	1.75	0.58	0.53
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.28	0.31	0.56	0.83	0.65	1.03	0.32	0.32
Cigars	0.41	0.40	0.95	1.11	1.11	1.28	0.45	0.42
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.66	0.63	1.48	1.71	1.78	1.97	0.73	0.65
ALCOHOL	0.70	0.66	1.36	1.27	1.60	1.44	0.76	0.73
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.18	0.24	0.53	0.82	0.67	0.99	0.19	0.21
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.05	0.07	0.18	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.05	0.07
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.53P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.3422	0.2474	0.0104	0.2253
Marijuana	0.0961	0.8285	0.0364	0.1042
Cocaine	0.0138	0.2575	0.3211	0.0340
Crack	0.3880	0.6268	0.4524	0.2400
Heroin	0.1509	0.0633	0.1360	0.8380
Hallucinogens	0.8694	0.2948	0.2902	0.8244
LSD	0.0235	0.0310	0.0591	0.2965
PCP	0.0105	*	*	0.0321
Ecstasy	0.0946	0.2382	0.6911	0.2500
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--
Inhalants⁴	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.1454	0.6075	0.6179	0.1566
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.6904	0.5124	0.6256	0.5211
Pain Relievers	0.3842	0.2922	0.5477	0.5950
Prescription Opioids	0.4572	0.2534	0.4136	0.7736
Stimulants	0.2681	0.9281	0.9488	0.2531
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.7767	0.7382	0.3246	0.7180
Tranquilizers	0.8296	0.7515	0.3412	0.7822
Sedatives	0.5379	0.9778	0.6894	0.4766
Benzodiazepines	0.9374	0.6747	0.9101	0.6347
Opioids^3,5	0.3265	0.1542	0.3401	0.7065
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0476	0.7247	0.8962	0.0530
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.0899	0.5770	0.4836	0.0516
Tobacco Products⁷	0.0265	0.3549	0.1606	0.0057
Cigarettes	0.2600	0.5299	0.1452	0.1582
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.0182	0.0021	0.0017	0.2264
Cigars	0.1636	0.1006	0.2403	0.0260
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.1350	0.4977	0.4026	0.0744
ALCOHOL	0.1819	0.3488	0.1210	0.1171
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.2126	0.1198	0.2739	0.5167
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.5273	0.5372	0.7919	0.6863
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.54C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	834	954	542	610	254	331	445	472	875	888
Marijuana	792	909	507	562	234	314	412	434	796	828
Cocaine	245	208	165	157	84	97	141	112	178	139
Crack	137	116	106	93	42	66	94	45	86	62
Heroin	84	85	54	69	18	47	51	37	65	49
Hallucinogens	263	370	189	257	103	176	153	180	194	262
LSD	110	129	79	93	46	60	62	60	77	86
PCP	44	25	27	18	27	4	5	17	34	18
Ecstasy	152	124	104	81	53	54	86	67	97	96
Psilocybin	--	308	--	203	--	117	--	159	--	231
Inhalants³	--	133	--	88	--	52	--	73	--	96
Methamphetamine	211	178	145	123	88	83	109	82	157	127
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	398	395	267	294	127	201	239	207	320	305
Pain Relievers	322	309	200	219	104	157	180	157	256	236
Prescription Opioids	314	295	196	213	103	157	176	150	254	225
Stimulants	170	193	140	141	69	103	123	91	101	135
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	252	238	179	178	99	103	148	144	186	171
Tranquilizers	217	210	171	162	97	98	139	127	139	143
Sedatives	146	124	89	77	26	38	86	67	117	97
Benzodiazepines	223	197	154	149	92	87	121	121	166	130
Opioids^2,4	318	300	198	218	103	157	178	152	261	229
Central Nervous System Stimulants	329	314	235	228	121	153	201	154	237	225
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	545	--	389	--	247	--	285	--	416
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	909	950	535	578	246	295	437	470	1,027	967
Tobacco Products⁶	850	877	488	506	220	263	401	417	957	885
Cigarettes	816	789	456	459	208	244	369	380	821	759
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	369	325	148	188	73	81	127	164	343	268
Cigars	473	459	227	263	115	134	198	219	454	390
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	574	566	367	397	193	185	289	320	463	466
ALCOHOL	1,064	1,053	760	799	344	351	630	664	1,995	1,989
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	320	304	200	221	106	157	179	155	262	230
Illegally Made Fentanyl	68	84	51	80	36	65	37	45	44	23
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.54D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.37	0.42	0.84	0.88	1.64	1.75	0.97	0.97	0.40	0.42
Marijuana	0.35	0.40	0.83	0.84	1.60	1.78	0.94	0.94	0.37	0.40
Cocaine	0.11	0.09	0.34	0.31	0.73	0.84	0.38	0.29	0.10	0.08
Crack	0.06	0.05	0.22	0.19	0.38	0.58	0.26	0.12	0.05	0.03
Heroin	0.04	0.04	0.11	0.14	0.17	0.41	0.14	0.09	0.04	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.12	0.16	0.38	0.47	0.87	1.38	0.41	0.44	0.11	0.14
LSD	0.05	0.06	0.16	0.18	0.41	0.52	0.17	0.15	0.04	0.05
PCP	0.02	0.01	0.06	0.04	0.24	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.01
Ecstasy	0.07	0.05	0.22	0.16	0.47	0.47	0.24	0.17	0.05	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.14	--	0.38	--	0.96	--	0.39	--	0.13
Inhalants³	--	0.06	--	0.17	--	0.45	--	0.19	--	0.05
Methamphetamine	0.09	0.08	0.30	0.24	0.77	0.71	0.30	0.21	0.09	0.07
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.18	0.17	0.51	0.55	1.05	1.54	0.61	0.51	0.18	0.17
Pain Relievers	0.14	0.14	0.40	0.42	0.89	1.28	0.48	0.40	0.14	0.13
Prescription Opioids	0.14	0.13	0.39	0.41	0.88	1.28	0.47	0.38	0.14	0.13
Stimulants	0.08	0.08	0.29	0.28	0.62	0.88	0.33	0.23	0.06	0.07
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.11	0.10	0.37	0.35	0.87	0.86	0.40	0.37	0.10	0.10
Tranquilizers	0.10	0.09	0.35	0.32	0.86	0.82	0.37	0.33	0.08	0.08
Sedatives	0.07	0.05	0.19	0.15	0.24	0.34	0.24	0.17	0.07	0.05
Benzodiazepines	0.10	0.09	0.32	0.29	0.81	0.74	0.33	0.31	0.09	0.07
Opioids^2,4	0.14	0.13	0.40	0.42	0.88	1.28	0.47	0.39	0.14	0.13
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.15	0.14	0.46	0.44	1.03	1.25	0.53	0.39	0.13	0.12
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.24	--	0.68	--	1.70	--	0.67	--	0.23
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.41	0.42	0.84	0.90	1.64	1.88	0.96	0.97	0.44	0.45
Tobacco Products⁶	0.38	0.39	0.81	0.84	1.56	1.78	0.91	0.91	0.42	0.42
Cigarettes	0.37	0.35	0.79	0.80	1.53	1.74	0.87	0.86	0.39	0.37
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.17	0.14	0.31	0.36	0.64	0.69	0.35	0.41	0.19	0.15
Cigars	0.21	0.20	0.45	0.49	0.98	1.10	0.52	0.54	0.24	0.21
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.26	0.25	0.67	0.69	1.50	1.41	0.73	0.73	0.24	0.24
ALCOHOL	0.48	0.46	0.87	0.81	1.56	1.58	1.02	0.93	0.53	0.54
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.14	0.13	0.40	0.43	0.90	1.28	0.47	0.39	0.14	0.13
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.04	0.11	0.16	0.33	0.57	0.10	0.12	0.03	0.01
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.54P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.0999	0.1121	0.0101	0.5342	0.5137
Marijuana	0.0927	0.1314	0.0618	0.3698	0.4289
Cocaine	0.0509	0.3720	0.7853	0.2069	0.0354
Crack	0.1753	0.3569	0.2863	0.0534	0.2177
Heroin	0.1994	0.9119	0.0953	0.2715	0.0438
Hallucinogens	0.0015	0.0335	0.0666	0.1780	0.0253
LSD	0.6643	0.8403	0.8347	0.6975	0.5068
PCP	0.4507	0.8407	0.4313	0.0992	0.2365
Ecstasy	0.8732	0.4229	0.6463	0.5345	0.7120
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.1930	0.2381	0.9313	0.1382	0.3850
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.2101	0.1745	0.1438	0.0104	0.4407
Pain Relievers	0.1273	0.3824	0.2262	0.0629	0.1485
Prescription Opioids	0.0867	0.3470	0.2334	0.0486	0.1085
Stimulants	0.8425	0.2250	0.6754	0.0692	0.1419
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5454	0.3667	0.8925	0.2683	0.8330
Tranquilizers	0.4481	0.2267	0.8918	0.1963	0.9515
Sedatives	0.4661	0.6198	0.3184	0.3334	0.5437
Benzodiazepines	0.1861	0.1935	0.8655	0.1707	0.4117
Opioids^2,4	0.0471	0.3048	0.1748	0.0274	0.0623
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.2441	0.1468	0.3542	0.0151	0.6023
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.2467	0.3011	0.1987	0.5840	0.0332
Tobacco Products⁶	0.0149	0.9033	0.7147	0.7715	0.0037
Cigarettes	0.0822	0.5781	0.8011	0.6562	0.0526
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.1084	0.0744	0.3802	0.1132	0.0052
Cigars	0.0076	0.8727	0.7929	0.6965	0.0010
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.0432	0.0652	0.5952	0.0440	0.4068
ALCOHOL	0.3959	0.8208	0.4494	0.5059	0.2676
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.0480	0.3113	0.2909	0.0500	0.0595
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.9348	0.3162	0.3991	0.5400	0.0539
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.55C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	834	954	315	367	275	298	1,014	1,069
Marijuana	792	909	295	338	256	281	934	1,007
Cocaine	245	208	87	97	69	87	231	182
Crack	137	116	43	49	41	48	129	99
Heroin	84	85	17	46	16	45	81	62
Hallucinogens	263	370	108	188	100	164	252	332
LSD	110	129	56	63	52	55	95	122
PCP	44	25	27	4	27	4	35	25
Ecstasy	152	124	52	55	46	52	143	115
Psilocybin	--	308	--	135	--	101	--	293
Inhalants⁴	--	133	--	59	--	49	--	122
Methamphetamine	211	178	85	90	79	83	194	149
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	398	395	156	206	140	171	385	364
Pain Relievers	322	309	116	157	103	147	303	268
Prescription Opioids	314	295	115	155	102	147	296	253
Stimulants	170	193	82	103	75	60	150	171
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	252	238	107	104	100	90	232	224
Tranquilizers	217	210	104	100	98	84	191	195
Sedatives	146	124	52	38	51	38	138	118
Benzodiazepines	223	197	100	84	95	71	201	180
Opioids^3,5	318	300	115	156	102	148	304	258
Central Nervous System Stimulants	329	314	138	156	117	123	306	280
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	545	--	257	--	209	--	509
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	909	950	310	334	250	279	1,175	1,128
Tobacco Products⁷	850	877	283	293	234	246	1,079	1,023
Cigarettes	816	789	258	273	208	230	940	875
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	369	325	74	96	68	82	371	314
Cigars	473	459	120	164	97	128	511	450
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	574	566	209	228	163	184	576	574
ALCOHOL	1,064	1,053	424	410	332	328	2,234	2,242
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	320	304	115	156	103	148	306	262
Illegally Made Fentanyl	68	84	32	64	29	63	60	49
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.55D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.37	0.42	1.44	1.41	1.75	1.63	0.38	0.42
Marijuana	0.35	0.40	1.41	1.38	1.74	1.65	0.36	0.40
Cocaine	0.11	0.09	0.52	0.60	0.60	0.80	0.11	0.08
Crack	0.06	0.05	0.27	0.31	0.37	0.44	0.06	0.05
Heroin	0.04	0.04	0.11	0.28	0.15	0.42	0.04	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.12	0.16	0.64	1.08	0.86	1.38	0.12	0.15
LSD	0.05	0.06	0.34	0.39	0.47	0.51	0.05	0.06
PCP	0.02	0.01	0.17	0.03	0.25	0.04	0.02	0.01
Ecstasy	0.07	0.05	0.32	0.34	0.41	0.48	0.07	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.14	--	0.80	--	0.89	--	0.13
Inhalants⁴	--	0.06	--	0.36	--	0.45	--	0.06
Methamphetamine	0.09	0.08	0.52	0.55	0.70	0.75	0.09	0.07
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.18	0.17	0.91	1.17	1.18	1.42	0.18	0.17
Pain Relievers	0.14	0.14	0.70	0.93	0.90	1.28	0.14	0.13
Prescription Opioids	0.14	0.13	0.69	0.92	0.89	1.28	0.14	0.12
Stimulants	0.08	0.08	0.51	0.63	0.68	0.55	0.07	0.08
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.11	0.10	0.65	0.63	0.88	0.81	0.11	0.11
Tranquilizers	0.10	0.09	0.63	0.61	0.87	0.76	0.09	0.09
Sedatives	0.07	0.05	0.32	0.24	0.46	0.35	0.07	0.06
Benzodiazepines	0.10	0.09	0.61	0.51	0.84	0.64	0.10	0.09
Opioids^3,5	0.14	0.13	0.69	0.92	0.89	1.29	0.14	0.12
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.15	0.14	0.80	0.91	0.99	1.07	0.14	0.13
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	0.24	--	1.33	--	1.57	--	0.23
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.41	0.42	1.42	1.53	1.70	1.85	0.42	0.42
Tobacco Products⁷	0.38	0.39	1.38	1.45	1.67	1.77	0.39	0.39
Cigarettes	0.37	0.35	1.27	1.43	1.51	1.75	0.37	0.35
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.17	0.14	0.46	0.59	0.60	0.75	0.17	0.14
Cigars	0.21	0.20	0.71	0.96	0.86	1.10	0.22	0.20
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.26	0.25	1.13	1.20	1.31	1.46	0.25	0.24
ALCOHOL	0.48	0.46	1.27	1.33	1.62	1.56	0.50	0.48
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.14	0.13	0.70	0.93	0.90	1.29	0.14	0.12
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.04	0.20	0.40	0.27	0.59	0.03	0.02
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.55P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.0999	0.0023	0.0076	0.3218
Marijuana	0.0927	0.0112	0.0120	0.2496
Cocaine	0.0509	0.4332	0.2101	0.0135
Crack	0.1753	0.5358	0.5324	0.0838
Heroin	0.1994	0.0752	0.0809	0.0179
Hallucinogens	0.0015	0.0064	0.0232	0.0266
LSD	0.6643	0.8014	0.9771	0.7363
PCP	0.4507	0.4025	0.4463	0.7200
Ecstasy	0.8732	0.7897	0.6827	0.7897
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--
Inhalants⁴	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.1930	0.6892	0.4875	0.0944
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.2101	0.5125	0.6276	0.1087
Pain Relievers	0.1273	0.4704	0.3725	0.0475
Prescription Opioids	0.0867	0.5184	0.3856	0.0302
Stimulants	0.8425	0.9888	0.4942	0.7947
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5454	0.8125	0.9120	0.4716
Tranquilizers	0.4481	0.8707	0.7531	0.3796
Sedatives	0.4661	0.6952	0.8643	0.5333
Benzodiazepines	0.1861	0.8273	0.4961	0.1892
Opioids^3,5	0.0471	0.4009	0.2691	0.0111
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.2441	0.4005	0.2424	0.0915
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.2467	0.0413	0.0048	0.0813
Tobacco Products⁷	0.0149	0.1770	0.0793	0.0040
Cigarettes	0.0822	0.5886	0.2350	0.0478
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.1084	0.0243	0.0219	0.0262
Cigars	0.0076	0.0814	0.0946	0.0011
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.0432	0.3447	0.0073	0.0578
ALCOHOL	0.3959	0.6604	0.2377	0.3364
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.0480	0.4427	0.3016	0.0128
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.9348	0.1549	0.3074	0.2617
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.56C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	504	583	409	467	210	231	324	367	512	533
Marijuana	493	562	382	430	198	217	304	337	475	501
Cocaine	180	162	112	118	60	61	95	99	144	116
Crack	58	60	42	38	21	19	37	33	40	38
Heroin	71	52	46	43	18	24	42	33	57	27
Hallucinogens	216	298	163	201	90	109	131	162	161	218
LSD	98	119	67	89	34	57	56	56	73	76
PCP	34	17	2	14	2	4	1	14	34	9
Ecstasy	137	110	93	77	53	42	72	67	87	83
Psilocybin	--	259	--	176	--	96	--	141	--	188
Inhalants³	--	114	--	83	--	50	--	69	--	79
Methamphetamine	146	123	118	90	72	60	89	66	90	77
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	256	260	191	198	98	113	162	157	201	191
Pain Relievers	201	196	144	135	78	75	120	110	153	144
Prescription Opioids	196	188	141	132	77	74	117	108	150	134
Stimulants	144	159	114	114	66	69	94	86	94	118
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	162	140	123	124	72	73	99	100	114	74
Tranquilizers	153	134	120	117	70	72	96	92	106	70
Sedatives	68	53	54	44	26	20	49	39	42	29
Benzodiazepines	144	126	106	109	64	70	84	84	105	66
Opioids^2,4	203	190	144	135	77	76	121	110	159	134
Central Nervous System Stimulants	244	239	183	175	100	104	150	133	180	179
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	392	--	283	--	150	--	229	--	304
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	514	538	380	428	190	211	306	326	597	592
Tobacco Products⁶	483	486	329	343	165	180	273	271	538	502
Cigarettes	454	438	304	303	156	158	249	241	458	423
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	215	207	93	133	50	74	76	106	201	164
Cigars	305	309	179	192	99	113	150	153	277	264
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	411	419	300	324	163	169	231	252	349	381
ALCOHOL	504	524	534	603	262	267	446	487	990	991
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	206	191	147	136	79	76	122	111	160	135
Illegally Made Fentanyl	57	49	45	43	30	24	34	31	35	22
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.56D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.49	0.55	0.83	0.90	1.60	1.61	0.98	1.03	0.53	0.60
Marijuana	0.48	0.53	0.84	0.88	1.59	1.66	0.99	1.02	0.51	0.57
Cocaine	0.17	0.15	0.36	0.37	0.72	0.75	0.42	0.41	0.19	0.15
Crack	0.06	0.06	0.14	0.12	0.26	0.24	0.17	0.14	0.05	0.05
Heroin	0.07	0.05	0.15	0.13	0.22	0.30	0.19	0.14	0.08	0.04
Hallucinogens	0.21	0.28	0.50	0.58	1.01	1.23	0.56	0.64	0.21	0.28
LSD	0.10	0.11	0.22	0.28	0.41	0.70	0.25	0.24	0.10	0.10
PCP	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.05	<0.01	0.06	0.05	0.01
Ecstasy	0.13	0.10	0.30	0.24	0.63	0.52	0.32	0.28	0.12	0.11
Psilocybin	--	0.25	--	0.51	--	1.11	--	0.57	--	0.25
Inhalants³	--	0.11	--	0.26	--	0.62	--	0.29	--	0.10
Methamphetamine	0.14	0.12	0.38	0.28	0.84	0.72	0.40	0.28	0.12	0.10
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.25	0.25	0.55	0.58	1.10	1.28	0.65	0.62	0.26	0.24
Pain Relievers	0.19	0.19	0.44	0.42	0.90	0.90	0.51	0.46	0.20	0.19
Prescription Opioids	0.19	0.18	0.43	0.41	0.89	0.89	0.50	0.45	0.20	0.18
Stimulants	0.14	0.15	0.36	0.34	0.78	0.82	0.41	0.35	0.13	0.15
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.16	0.13	0.39	0.38	0.85	0.88	0.44	0.41	0.15	0.10
Tranquilizers	0.15	0.13	0.38	0.36	0.83	0.87	0.42	0.38	0.14	0.09
Sedatives	0.07	0.05	0.18	0.14	0.32	0.25	0.22	0.17	0.06	0.04
Benzodiazepines	0.14	0.12	0.34	0.34	0.75	0.84	0.37	0.35	0.14	0.09
Opioids^2,4	0.20	0.18	0.44	0.42	0.89	0.90	0.52	0.46	0.21	0.18
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.24	0.23	0.56	0.51	1.13	1.17	0.64	0.53	0.24	0.23
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.37	--	0.74	--	1.52	--	0.83	--	0.38
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.50	0.51	0.87	0.92	1.70	1.78	1.02	1.01	0.59	0.59
Tobacco Products⁶	0.47	0.46	0.82	0.81	1.62	1.69	0.96	0.91	0.56	0.53
Cigarettes	0.44	0.41	0.80	0.79	1.57	1.62	0.93	0.87	0.51	0.47
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.21	0.20	0.30	0.40	0.60	0.87	0.34	0.44	0.27	0.22
Cigars	0.29	0.29	0.55	0.55	1.12	1.28	0.64	0.61	0.35	0.33
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.40	0.40	0.80	0.81	1.56	1.63	0.90	0.89	0.41	0.44
ALCOHOL	0.49	0.50	0.75	0.73	1.40	1.27	0.90	0.89	0.57	0.58
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.20	0.18	0.45	0.42	0.92	0.90	0.52	0.46	0.21	0.18
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.05	0.05	0.15	0.14	0.36	0.30	0.15	0.13	0.05	0.03
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.56P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.7801	0.3041	0.1523	0.5215	0.6298
Marijuana	0.9221	0.4940	0.5032	0.5262	0.6229
Cocaine	0.5028	0.8578	0.8595	0.7089	0.2593
Crack	0.9777	0.9791	0.6953	0.8375	0.9826
Heroin	0.0294	0.5798	0.4298	0.3065	0.0120
Hallucinogens	0.0018	0.0175	0.1275	0.0463	0.0341
LSD	0.5501	0.7011	0.4376	0.9347	0.6818
PCP	0.4596	0.0369	0.2169	0.0716	0.1018
Ecstasy	0.7913	0.5659	0.2860	0.9614	0.9028
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.1363	0.1458	0.5946	0.1714	0.4778
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.0384	0.1271	0.7300	0.0548	0.1221
Pain Relievers	0.1238	0.1743	0.8821	0.1653	0.3231
Prescription Opioids	0.0795	0.1406	0.8525	0.1298	0.2465
Stimulants	0.8477	0.3479	0.6957	0.1780	0.5322
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.0286	0.4348	0.8880	0.3578	0.0075
Tranquilizers	0.0290	0.3769	0.8917	0.2956	0.0101
Sedatives	0.4298	0.7788	0.9814	0.7492	0.3172
Benzodiazepines	0.0257	0.4237	0.6162	0.2162	0.0085
Opioids^2,4	0.0261	0.1079	1.0000	0.0721	0.0892
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.4460	0.3935	0.4806	0.1559	0.7260
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.4544	0.0577	0.1615	0.1236	0.0295
Tobacco Products⁶	0.0014	0.9346	0.8333	0.9247	0.0001
Cigarettes	0.0007	0.5732	0.6708	0.8067	0.0001
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.9147	0.0033	0.0444	0.0279	0.1004
Cigars	0.0120	0.8052	0.8426	0.9254	0.0033
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.0013	0.0074	0.2492	0.0059	0.0543
ALCOHOL	0.1260	0.7544	0.2121	0.7753	0.0405
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.0211	0.0860	0.7574	0.0821	0.0853
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1621	0.5182	0.5626	0.7610	0.1099
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.57C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	504	583	224	266	196	222	673	705
Marijuana	493	562	213	249	187	210	628	656
Cocaine	180	162	63	75	53	63	175	146
Crack	58	60	23	20	18	19	54	56
Heroin	71	52	17	22	16	21	70	43
Hallucinogens	216	298	94	121	86	112	211	286
LSD	98	119	47	58	42	53	88	115
PCP	34	17	2	4	<1	4	34	16
Ecstasy	137	110	52	53	46	50	128	104
Psilocybin	--	259	--	108	--	98	--	251
Inhalants⁴	--	114	--	56	--	46	--	104
Methamphetamine	146	123	77	69	71	61	125	104
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	256	260	106	122	90	105	266	256
Pain Relievers	201	196	77	79	68	64	200	185
Prescription Opioids	196	188	76	77	67	62	192	176
Stimulants	144	159	65	69	57	60	134	154
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	162	140	71	75	63	66	155	123
Tranquilizers	153	134	68	75	60	65	146	116
Sedatives	68	53	29	19	29	19	63	49
Benzodiazepines	144	126	62	70	56	62	137	108
Opioids^3,5	203	190	76	78	67	64	203	179
Central Nervous System Stimulants	244	239	103	115	92	101	240	230
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	392	--	170	--	150	--	403
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	514	538	206	233	180	203	710	717
Tobacco Products⁷	483	486	183	191	161	170	631	605
Cigarettes	454	438	167	169	144	150	543	510
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	215	207	50	78	43	71	216	198
Cigars	305	309	108	120	90	107	329	316
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	411	419	173	190	143	164	449	478
ALCOHOL	504	524	289	311	246	254	1,165	1,209
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	206	191	78	78	69	64	204	180
Illegally Made Fentanyl	57	49	26	27	26	17	51	36
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.57D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.49	0.55	1.38	1.46	1.65	1.65	0.51	0.57
Marijuana	0.48	0.53	1.37	1.48	1.64	1.71	0.50	0.55
Cocaine	0.17	0.15	0.58	0.70	0.68	0.83	0.18	0.15
Crack	0.06	0.06	0.21	0.19	0.24	0.25	0.06	0.06
Heroin	0.07	0.05	0.16	0.21	0.21	0.28	0.07	0.05
Hallucinogens	0.21	0.28	0.83	1.05	1.03	1.36	0.21	0.28
LSD	0.10	0.11	0.43	0.54	0.53	0.69	0.09	0.12
PCP	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.04	<0.01	0.05	0.04	0.02
Ecstasy	0.13	0.10	0.48	0.50	0.58	0.66	0.13	0.11
Psilocybin	--	0.25	--	0.95	--	1.22	--	0.25
Inhalants⁴	--	0.11	--	0.52	--	0.61	--	0.11
Methamphetamine	0.14	0.12	0.71	0.63	0.89	0.78	0.13	0.11
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.25	0.25	0.94	1.07	1.11	1.29	0.26	0.25
Pain Relievers	0.19	0.19	0.71	0.72	0.87	0.82	0.20	0.19
Prescription Opioids	0.19	0.18	0.70	0.71	0.86	0.81	0.19	0.18
Stimulants	0.14	0.15	0.60	0.63	0.72	0.78	0.14	0.15
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.16	0.13	0.66	0.70	0.79	0.85	0.16	0.13
Tranquilizers	0.15	0.13	0.63	0.69	0.75	0.84	0.15	0.12
Sedatives	0.07	0.05	0.27	0.18	0.37	0.26	0.07	0.05
Benzodiazepines	0.14	0.12	0.57	0.65	0.70	0.80	0.14	0.11
Opioids^3,5	0.20	0.18	0.70	0.72	0.86	0.83	0.20	0.18
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.24	0.23	0.92	0.99	1.13	1.24	0.24	0.22
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	0.37	--	1.36	--	1.65	--	0.37
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.50	0.51	1.37	1.52	1.66	1.84	0.52	0.52
Tobacco Products⁷	0.47	0.46	1.33	1.40	1.60	1.74	0.50	0.47
Cigarettes	0.44	0.41	1.28	1.38	1.50	1.67	0.46	0.43
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.21	0.20	0.47	0.71	0.55	0.91	0.23	0.20
Cigars	0.29	0.29	0.94	1.02	1.09	1.30	0.32	0.30
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.40	0.40	1.31	1.37	1.51	1.66	0.40	0.41
ALCOHOL	0.49	0.50	1.21	1.12	1.48	1.33	0.52	0.52
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.20	0.18	0.71	0.72	0.87	0.83	0.21	0.18
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.05	0.05	0.25	0.25	0.34	0.23	0.05	0.04
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.57P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.7801	0.0068	0.0132	0.6825
Marijuana	0.9221	0.0236	0.0549	0.6178
Cocaine	0.5028	0.4889	0.3602	0.3052
Crack	0.9777	0.7782	0.4306	0.9443
Heroin	0.0294	0.3956	0.3829	0.0091
Hallucinogens	0.0018	0.0221	0.0218	0.0145
LSD	0.5501	0.6912	0.7176	0.6811
PCP	0.4596	0.3565	0.1242	0.3936
Ecstasy	0.7913	0.9598	0.8681	0.7689
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--
Inhalants⁴	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.1363	0.7828	0.9608	0.1155
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.0384	1.0000	0.8541	0.0288
Pain Relievers	0.1238	0.5448	0.3322	0.1692
Prescription Opioids	0.0795	0.4299	0.3063	0.1242
Stimulants	0.8477	0.8995	0.8584	0.8202
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.0286	0.7182	0.8016	0.0104
Tranquilizers	0.0290	0.5704	0.6767	0.0067
Sedatives	0.4298	0.4386	0.5353	0.6076
Benzodiazepines	0.0257	0.5426	0.6641	0.0055
Opioids^3,5	0.0261	0.5934	0.5014	0.0313
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.4460	0.3400	0.1402	0.2097
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.4544	0.1224	0.0110	0.2025
Tobacco Products⁷	0.0014	0.7735	0.2153	0.0006
Cigarettes	0.0007	0.7802	0.5173	0.0005
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.9147	0.0110	0.0035	0.4709
Cigars	0.0120	0.9816	0.3769	0.0095
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.0013	0.3436	0.0126	0.0015
ALCOHOL	0.1260	0.0524	0.0556	0.0362
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.0211	0.5091	0.4223	0.0280
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1621	0.9203	0.2060	0.0979
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.58C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	617	646	328	365	128	225	288	282	640	629
Marijuana	580	600	295	341	112	217	259	257	587	579
Cocaine	165	120	122	91	58	76	105	50	112	78
Crack	124	86	97	71	37	63	87	31	76	49
Heroin	44	60	28	43	*	40	28	17	33	41
Hallucinogens	133	201	88	159	46	137	76	82	103	125
LSD	47	36	41	26	31	16	28	20	22	25
PCP	28	19	27	11	*	*	5	11	5	16
Ecstasy	58	59	46	35	*	33	46	11	35	48
Psilocybin	--	157	--	102	--	65	--	79	--	120
Inhalants³	--	71	--	32	--	20	--	26	--	62
Methamphetamine	149	133	80	85	52	56	61	64	126	101
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	309	300	187	219	81	166	168	143	248	234
Pain Relievers	264	251	145	176	68	140	129	108	214	188
Prescription Opioids	257	242	142	172	68	140	125	101	211	180
Stimulants	83	105	75	83	20	*	72	33	36	63
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	187	196	125	124	68	71	104	102	143	158
Tranquilizers	149	160	118	106	68	63	96	86	95	128
Sedatives	130	112	71	63	<1	32	71	55	109	93
Benzodiazepines	163	149	112	98	67	49	90	85	120	116
Opioids^2,4	256	246	142	173	68	140	125	101	212	185
Central Nervous System Stimulants	212	201	148	142	68	112	129	87	162	140
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	368	--	260	--	191	--	179	--	277
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	717	693	349	373	154	207	300	314	761	656
Tobacco Products⁶	695	666	334	355	149	195	285	302	735	636
Cigarettes	638	615	302	333	142	187	255	281	633	563
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	287	239	118	124	54	35	105	119	266	209
Cigars	374	332	139	166	62	72	119	151	358	287
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	343	309	186	193	90	82	161	174	298	252
ALCOHOL	871	872	483	527	203	234	424	452	1,494	1,504
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	256	249	144	175	70	140	126	105	212	185
Illegally Made Fentanyl	38	70	26	69	21	61	15	33	28	9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.58D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.51	0.53	1.63	1.59	3.75	4.49	1.77	1.60	0.54	0.54
Marijuana	0.48	0.49	1.54	1.57	3.58	4.65	1.65	1.55	0.50	0.50
Cocaine	0.14	0.10	0.70	0.49	1.97	2.17	0.73	0.33	0.11	0.08
Crack	0.10	0.07	0.56	0.38	1.27	1.83	0.61	0.21	0.07	0.05
Heroin	0.04	0.05	0.17	0.23	*	1.17	0.20	0.11	0.03	0.04
Hallucinogens	0.11	0.17	0.51	0.84	1.56	3.76	0.53	0.53	0.10	0.12
LSD	0.04	0.03	0.24	0.14	1.05	0.47	0.20	0.14	0.02	0.02
PCP	0.02	0.02	0.16	0.06	*	*	0.04	0.07	<0.01	0.02
Ecstasy	0.05	0.05	0.27	0.19	*	0.97	0.33	0.07	0.03	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.13	--	0.54	--	1.87	--	0.51	--	0.12
Inhalants³	--	0.06	--	0.17	--	0.59	--	0.17	--	0.06
Methamphetamine	0.12	0.11	0.47	0.46	1.76	1.65	0.43	0.42	0.12	0.10
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.26	0.25	1.04	1.11	2.59	4.16	1.15	0.93	0.24	0.23
Pain Relievers	0.22	0.21	0.83	0.91	2.21	3.69	0.90	0.71	0.20	0.18
Prescription Opioids	0.21	0.20	0.82	0.89	2.21	3.69	0.88	0.66	0.20	0.18
Stimulants	0.07	0.09	0.44	0.45	0.71	*	0.51	0.22	0.03	0.06
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.16	0.16	0.72	0.65	2.29	1.97	0.73	0.67	0.14	0.15
Tranquilizers	0.12	0.13	0.68	0.57	2.29	1.80	0.67	0.57	0.09	0.12
Sedatives	0.11	0.09	0.41	0.34	0.01	0.94	0.50	0.36	0.11	0.09
Benzodiazepines	0.14	0.12	0.65	0.52	2.26	1.39	0.63	0.56	0.12	0.11
Opioids^2,4	0.21	0.20	0.82	0.89	2.21	3.69	0.88	0.66	0.20	0.18
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.18	0.17	0.84	0.76	2.29	3.12	0.89	0.58	0.16	0.14
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.30	--	1.27	--	4.40	--	1.13	--	0.27
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.60	0.57	1.69	1.69	4.13	4.58	1.80	1.77	0.63	0.58
Tobacco Products⁶	0.58	0.55	1.65	1.65	4.06	4.45	1.75	1.73	0.62	0.57
Cigarettes	0.53	0.51	1.54	1.57	4.14	4.40	1.61	1.66	0.56	0.51
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.24	0.20	0.68	0.66	1.79	1.03	0.74	0.77	0.25	0.20
Cigars	0.31	0.27	0.80	0.87	2.12	2.08	0.83	0.96	0.33	0.28
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.29	0.25	1.05	0.99	2.93	2.33	1.10	1.10	0.28	0.24
ALCOHOL	0.73	0.72	1.92	1.78	4.27	4.09	2.12	1.95	0.77	0.79
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.21	0.20	0.82	0.91	2.26	3.69	0.88	0.69	0.20	0.18
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.06	0.15	0.37	0.73	1.75	0.10	0.22	0.03	0.01
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.58P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.0465	0.1031	0.0044	0.7176	0.2545
Marijuana	0.0251	0.0690	0.0113	0.4454	0.1735
Cocaine	0.0291	0.1537	0.6159	0.0205	0.0589
Crack	0.0998	0.2669	0.3710	0.0333	0.1461
Heroin	0.5574	0.3613	*	0.6701	0.8956
Hallucinogens	0.2531	0.5315	0.1827	0.5249	0.3840
LSD	0.7175	0.2995	0.4433	0.4605	0.4481
PCP	0.7607	0.4417	*	0.6651	0.4890
Ecstasy	0.8997	0.6640	*	0.1447	0.5820
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.7180	0.9790	0.5867	0.5611	0.5645
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.9218	0.7067	0.0871	0.0777	0.8672
Pain Relievers	0.5122	0.9490	0.1012	0.1947	0.2907
Prescription Opioids	0.4842	0.9335	0.1022	0.1855	0.2623
Stimulants	0.5279	0.5007	*	0.1752	0.0411
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.3468	0.6367	0.9230	0.4980	0.1594
Tranquilizers	0.3467	0.4312	0.7758	0.4148	0.0600
Sedatives	0.6832	0.6711	0.1166	0.3346	0.7866
Benzodiazepines	0.8863	0.3312	0.4719	0.4688	0.3739
Opioids^2,4	0.5215	0.9200	0.0868	0.1710	0.2943
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.3379	0.2590	0.4528	0.0299	0.6441
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁶	0.3158	0.8680	0.5271	0.5357	0.2243
Tobacco Products⁶	0.4422	0.8609	0.7232	0.6394	0.3558
Cigarettes	0.8310	0.8034	0.9453	0.6932	0.8677
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.0302	0.8554	0.2763	0.7945	0.0184
Cigars	0.1881	0.4905	0.9419	0.4749	0.0702
Pipe Tobacco⁶	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.4404	0.9264	0.9664	0.9362	0.2362
ALCOHOL	0.8825	0.7518	0.0870	0.2936	0.8219
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.5742	0.8286	0.1162	0.2792	0.2921
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1606	0.0593	0.1769	0.1636	0.2683
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.59C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	617	646	208	236	181	191	680	695
Marijuana	580	600	192	216	163	184	624	647
Cocaine	165	120	59	61	42	60	154	103
Crack	124	86	36	45	36	44	117	73
Heroin	44	60	1	40	<1	40	44	44
Hallucinogens	133	201	48	141	45	*	126	146
LSD	47	36	31	23	31	*	36	28
PCP	28	19	*	*	*	*	7	19
Ecstasy	58	59	*	15	*	15	58	57
Psilocybin	--	157	--	77	--	26	--	139
Inhalants⁴	--	71	--	18	--	18	--	69
Methamphetamine	149	133	36	56	34	54	145	120
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	309	300	114	167	105	143	292	270
Pain Relievers	264	251	87	146	76	142	250	209
Prescription Opioids	257	242	85	145	76	142	245	199
Stimulants	83	105	50	*	49	1	66	71
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	187	196	81	64	79	58	171	191
Tranquilizers	149	160	80	56	79	49	128	157
Sedatives	130	112	*	33	*	32	122	108
Benzodiazepines	163	149	80	41	78	28	144	144
Opioids^3,5	256	246	85	146	76	143	246	203
Central Nervous System Stimulants	212	201	84	103	71	67	201	172
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	368	--	189	--	151	--	326
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	717	693	212	238	166	192	830	733
Tobacco Products⁷	695	666	197	226	161	178	795	709
Cigarettes	638	615	187	219	151	173	688	632
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	287	239	54	56	52	42	286	235
Cigars	374	332	50	111	38	69	387	316
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	343	309	106	121	73	88	337	284
ALCOHOL	871	872	283	270	218	214	1,613	1,610
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	256	249	85	146	76	143	247	206
Illegally Made Fentanyl	38	70	18	61	*	61	33	34
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.59D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.51	0.53	3.16	3.07	4.23	3.99	0.51	0.53
Marijuana	0.48	0.49	3.01	3.12	4.05	4.13	0.48	0.49
Cocaine	0.14	0.10	1.07	1.13	1.23	1.83	0.13	0.09
Crack	0.10	0.07	0.66	0.84	1.08	1.34	0.10	0.06
Heroin	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.74	0.01	1.23	0.04	0.04
Hallucinogens	0.11	0.17	0.88	2.49	1.37	*	0.11	0.12
LSD	0.04	0.03	0.56	0.43	0.93	*	0.03	0.02
PCP	0.02	0.02	*	*	*	*	0.01	0.02
Ecstasy	0.05	0.05	*	0.29	*	0.48	0.05	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.13	--	1.40	--	0.82	--	0.12
Inhalants⁴	--	0.06	--	0.33	--	0.56	--	0.06
Methamphetamine	0.12	0.11	0.67	1.03	1.03	1.68	0.13	0.10
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.26	0.25	1.99	2.79	2.98	3.90	0.25	0.23
Pain Relievers	0.22	0.21	1.57	2.51	2.23	3.92	0.22	0.18
Prescription Opioids	0.21	0.20	1.54	2.51	2.23	3.92	0.21	0.17
Stimulants	0.07	0.09	0.93	*	1.49	0.05	0.06	0.06
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.16	0.16	1.46	1.15	2.34	1.73	0.15	0.16
Tranquilizers	0.12	0.13	1.45	1.01	2.34	1.48	0.11	0.13
Sedatives	0.11	0.09	*	0.60	*	0.99	0.11	0.09
Benzodiazepines	0.14	0.12	1.44	0.75	2.30	0.88	0.12	0.12
Opioids^3,5	0.21	0.20	1.54	2.51	2.23	3.92	0.21	0.18
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.18	0.17	1.49	1.86	2.05	2.05	0.17	0.15
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	0.30	--	2.98	--	3.96	--	0.28
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.60	0.57	3.16	3.40	4.06	4.38	0.61	0.57
Tobacco Products⁷	0.58	0.55	3.03	3.32	4.01	4.25	0.59	0.55
Cigarettes	0.53	0.51	2.89	3.33	3.81	4.25	0.54	0.50
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.24	0.20	0.99	1.04	1.57	1.29	0.24	0.20
Cigars	0.31	0.27	0.93	1.97	1.18	2.07	0.32	0.27
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.29	0.25	1.84	2.12	2.11	2.57	0.29	0.24
ALCOHOL	0.73	0.72	3.01	3.07	4.10	3.94	0.74	0.73
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.21	0.20	1.54	2.51	2.23	3.92	0.21	0.18
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.06	0.34	1.12	*	1.84	0.03	0.03
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.59P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS³	0.0465	0.0925	0.1735	0.1032
Marijuana	0.0251	0.1739	0.0999	0.0476
Cocaine	0.0291	0.7077	0.4041	0.0104
Crack	0.0998	0.5808	0.7518	0.0428
Heroin	0.5574	0.1157	0.1288	0.7613
Hallucinogens	0.2531	0.1249	*	0.7540
LSD	0.7175	0.8052	*	0.8007
PCP	0.7607	*	*	0.4064
Ecstasy	0.8997	*	*	0.9279
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--
Inhalants⁴	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.7180	0.2515	0.1978	0.4188
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.9218	0.3947	0.6429	0.7943
Pain Relievers	0.5122	0.2095	0.1031	0.1810
Prescription Opioids	0.4842	0.1993	0.1042	0.1564
Stimulants	0.5279	*	0.1203	0.3203
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.3468	0.9727	0.6907	0.3044
Tranquilizers	0.3467	0.7175	0.3922	0.2226
Sedatives	0.6832	*	*	0.6658
Benzodiazepines	0.8863	0.3374	0.1594	0.5595
Opioids^3,5	0.5215	0.1774	0.0886	0.1707
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.3379	0.8432	0.9847	0.2502
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^3,4,6	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁷	0.3158	0.1823	0.1522	0.1670
Tobacco Products⁷	0.4422	0.1248	0.2144	0.2325
Cigarettes	0.8310	0.3448	0.3043	0.9793
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.0302	0.6098	0.9832	0.0200
Cigars	0.1881	0.0047	0.0773	0.0406
Pipe Tobacco⁷	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.4404	0.7076	0.1930	0.3539
ALCOHOL	0.8825	0.3181	0.9763	0.9663
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.5742	0.1756	0.0874	0.2008
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1606	0.1207	*	0.7412
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ⁴ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁶ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁷ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.60C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	1,130	1,149	463	463	897	959	2,906	2,862
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	756	795	560	596	279	317	442	478	700	672
DRUGS	601	640	458	489	232	269	362	372	454	445
Marijuana	494	529	346	384	187	219	278	283	353	372
Cocaine	123	124	95	109	48	70	83	68	78	62
Heroin	94	78	57	68	18	49	54	32	75	41
Hallucinogens	58	60	38	54	20	22	36	49	38	26
Inhalants	50	53	36	44	20	25	30	36	34	29
Methamphetamine	179	153	134	120	76	78	103	81	126	96
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	326	338	256	267	121	175	211	205	224	206
Pain Relievers	296	292	219	231	96	152	188	179	215	181
Prescription Opioids	273	279	214	224	94	151	184	171	183	168
Stimulants	122	120	95	97	52	73	78	64	73	68
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	164	167	140	140	85	83	111	114	84	90
Tranquilizers	143	134	124	123	76	81	97	96	72	47
Sedatives	104	107	94	74	56	38	75	63	49	79
Opioids²	281	283	220	230	94	153	190	172	187	171
Central Nervous System Stimulants	238	221	192	176	98	123	150	108	156	132
ALCOHOL	574	578	361	396	198	221	293	313	532	494
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	295	298	215	231	131	142	165	170	202	182
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	494	531	371	398	187	222	315	305	386	396
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	509	520	280	311	137	164	239	261	483	460
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	756	795	841	871	336	317	715	760	2,601	2,584
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.60D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.29	0.30	0.68	0.72	1.38	1.48	0.79	0.80	0.30	0.29
DRUGS	0.23	0.24	0.62	0.67	1.26	1.43	0.71	0.69	0.21	0.20
Marijuana	0.19	0.20	0.51	0.54	1.10	1.27	0.58	0.54	0.17	0.17
Cocaine	0.05	0.05	0.16	0.18	0.33	0.47	0.19	0.14	0.04	0.03
Heroin	0.04	0.03	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.33	0.12	0.07	0.04	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.09	0.14	0.15	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.01
Inhalants	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.07	0.14	0.17	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.01
Methamphetamine	0.07	0.06	0.22	0.19	0.51	0.53	0.23	0.17	0.06	0.05
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.13	0.13	0.40	0.41	0.79	1.11	0.45	0.42	0.11	0.10
Pain Relievers	0.11	0.11	0.35	0.36	0.63	0.98	0.41	0.37	0.11	0.09
Prescription Opioids	0.11	0.11	0.34	0.35	0.62	0.98	0.40	0.35	0.09	0.08
Stimulants	0.05	0.05	0.16	0.16	0.36	0.50	0.18	0.14	0.04	0.03
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.06	0.06	0.23	0.22	0.57	0.56	0.25	0.24	0.04	0.04
Tranquilizers	0.06	0.05	0.21	0.20	0.52	0.54	0.22	0.20	0.04	0.02
Sedatives	0.04	0.04	0.16	0.12	0.38	0.26	0.17	0.13	0.02	0.04
Opioids²	0.11	0.11	0.35	0.36	0.62	0.99	0.41	0.35	0.09	0.08
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.09	0.08	0.31	0.28	0.65	0.81	0.33	0.23	0.08	0.07
ALCOHOL	0.22	0.22	0.52	0.55	1.18	1.30	0.59	0.57	0.24	0.23
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.11	0.11	0.34	0.35	0.84	0.91	0.36	0.35	0.10	0.09
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.19	0.20	0.53	0.57	1.10	1.29	0.64	0.58	0.18	0.18
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.20	0.20	0.44	0.46	0.87	1.04	0.51	0.50	0.22	0.22
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.29	0.30	0.68	0.72	1.38	1.48	0.79	0.80	0.30	0.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.60P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.4690	0.7270	0.8072	0.7346	0.2490
DRUGS	0.4621	0.5663	0.2492	0.8449	0.9827
Marijuana	0.1185	0.4046	0.7366	0.3068	0.2731
Cocaine	0.8278	0.7445	0.4267	0.8848	0.3008
Heroin	0.3511	0.9425	0.0234	0.0928	0.1483
Hallucinogens	0.7590	0.9202	0.8627	0.9964	0.5795
Inhalants	0.6356	0.4869	0.4056	0.7660	0.9267
Methamphetamine	0.3018	0.1987	0.7117	0.0504	0.8488
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.4985	0.8742	0.1387	0.4777	0.1165
Pain Relievers	0.2780	0.9811	0.1759	0.3867	0.0787
Prescription Opioids	0.5654	0.7918	0.1214	0.4912	0.1564
Stimulants	0.3850	0.4026	0.0662	0.7996	0.9485
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.4385	0.3633	0.6542	0.5122	0.7275
Tranquilizers	0.1501	0.3356	0.8899	0.3245	0.0827
Sedatives	0.7680	0.2813	0.2173	0.6869	0.4445
Opioids²	0.3926	0.9162	0.0647	0.2851	0.0935
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.8177	0.7908	0.0538	0.0687	0.6839
ALCOHOL	0.0609	0.3211	0.1372	0.9442	0.0667
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.9084	0.7981	0.5343	0.3155	0.3859
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.3422	0.6126	0.0791	0.7160	0.6404
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0433	0.1589	0.1849	0.4221	0.1087
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.4690	0.7270	0.8072	0.7346	0.2490
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.61C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	596	549	484	435	3,296	3,316
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	756	795	349	346	299	286	846	866
DRUGS	601	640	285	286	248	235	596	595
Marijuana	494	529	210	220	179	176	475	489
Cocaine	123	124	66	64	45	56	105	101
Heroin	94	78	17	48	17	45	93	52
Hallucinogens	58	60	26	30	20	29	47	52
Inhalants	50	53	20	27	19	27	45	46
Methamphetamine	179	153	83	83	77	78	159	123
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	326	338	158	195	142	155	295	279
Pain Relievers	296	292	133	172	115	130	270	243
Prescription Opioids	273	279	131	170	112	129	242	227
Stimulants	122	120	56	72	46	66	111	94
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	164	167	104	111	85	82	126	127
Tranquilizers	143	134	94	108	76	79	108	80
Sedatives	104	107	77	34	56	33	70	102
Opioids³	281	283	132	170	113	130	250	229
Central Nervous System Stimulants	238	221	120	119	96	109	209	178
ALCOHOL	574	578	232	236	199	206	597	608
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	295	298	144	141	126	125	259	255
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	494	531	224	247	193	197	505	499
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	509	520	174	183	142	158	527	547
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	756	795	440	404	340	307	2,891	2,909
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.61D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.29	0.30	1.17	1.19	1.36	1.38	0.29	0.29
DRUGS	0.23	0.24	1.06	1.10	1.28	1.30	0.23	0.22
Marijuana	0.19	0.20	0.85	0.89	1.01	1.05	0.19	0.19
Cocaine	0.05	0.05	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.38	0.04	0.04
Heroin	0.04	0.03	0.08	0.22	0.11	0.31	0.04	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.02	0.02	0.12	0.14	0.13	0.20	0.02	0.02
Inhalants	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.13	0.12	0.18	0.02	0.02
Methamphetamine	0.07	0.06	0.37	0.38	0.49	0.52	0.07	0.05
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.13	0.13	0.67	0.86	0.86	0.99	0.12	0.11
Pain Relievers	0.11	0.11	0.57	0.77	0.71	0.85	0.11	0.10
Prescription Opioids	0.11	0.11	0.57	0.77	0.70	0.84	0.10	0.09
Stimulants	0.05	0.05	0.25	0.34	0.30	0.44	0.05	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.06	0.06	0.47	0.51	0.54	0.55	0.05	0.05
Tranquilizers	0.06	0.05	0.42	0.49	0.49	0.53	0.05	0.03
Sedatives	0.04	0.04	0.35	0.16	0.36	0.22	0.03	0.04
Opioids³	0.11	0.11	0.57	0.76	0.70	0.85	0.10	0.09
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.09	0.08	0.52	0.53	0.59	0.72	0.09	0.07
ALCOHOL	0.22	0.22	0.90	0.96	1.07	1.20	0.23	0.22
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.11	0.11	0.62	0.63	0.76	0.81	0.11	0.10
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.19	0.20	0.88	1.01	1.07	1.18	0.19	0.19
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.20	0.20	0.72	0.79	0.83	0.99	0.20	0.20
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.29	0.30	1.17	1.19	1.36	1.38	0.29	0.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.61P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.4690	0.5792	0.3385	0.4235
DRUGS	0.4621	0.1029	0.0508	0.7120
Marijuana	0.1185	0.1929	0.1105	0.1467
Cocaine	0.8278	0.7381	0.3233	0.6963
Heroin	0.3511	0.0155	0.0644	0.0240
Hallucinogens	0.7590	0.8968	0.4857	0.8154
Inhalants	0.6356	0.3896	0.2803	0.8735
Methamphetamine	0.3018	0.8404	0.5299	0.1913
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.4985	0.2583	0.4024	0.1935
Pain Relievers	0.2780	0.6144	0.8289	0.1584
Prescription Opioids	0.5654	0.5558	0.6087	0.3528
Stimulants	0.3850	0.0935	0.0608	0.8838
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.4385	0.6857	0.9509	0.6133
Tranquilizers	0.1501	0.9832	0.8145	0.0476
Sedatives	0.7680	0.0299	0.2727	0.2287
Opioids³	0.3926	0.4212	0.5156	0.1670
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.8177	0.1869	0.0240	0.3332
ALCOHOL	0.0609	0.6285	0.8022	0.0924
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.9084	0.2850	0.2165	0.5876
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.3422	0.2298	0.1599	0.4695
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0433	0.1496	0.1898	0.1176
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.4690	0.5792	0.3385	0.4235
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.62C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	322	320	151	148	250	258	503	536
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	199	191	191	177	104	98	150	140	182	171
DRUGS	176	175	160	156	87	89	129	121	133	125
Marijuana	169	169	150	147	85	81	119	114	130	121
Cocaine	28	40	21	36	15	27	14	25	19	18
Heroin	7	10	3	9	1	7	2	6	5	3
Hallucinogens	24	22	21	20	13	13	16	15	11	10
Inhalants	10	21	10	21	7	12	6	17	3	4
Methamphetamine	16	21	14	19	8	12	11	15	8	9
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	59	59	49	51	27	41	40	36	34	29
Pain Relievers	46	42	37	36	18	24	31	27	26	20
Prescription Opioids	43	39	34	36	17	24	27	27	24	16
Stimulants	37	45	34	40	21	31	26	25	16	21
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	33	31	27	29	16	25	19	20	21	10
Tranquilizers	29	28	23	26	13	24	16	17	18	10
Sedatives	18	20	15	20	11	17	10	10	10	2
Opioids²	43	41	34	37	17	25	27	28	24	16
Central Nervous System Stimulants	45	62	40	56	24	40	31	38	25	27
ALCOHOL	164	149	132	117	83	69	96	93	128	128
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	103	107	89	88	63	55	58	68	60	69
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	147	140	127	125	61	69	114	100	110	98
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	125	122	87	79	49	42	73	64	106	104
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	199	191	222	226	103	102	179	191	418	455
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.62D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.59	0.55	1.12	1.04	2.01	2.06	1.34	1.22	0.64	0.59
DRUGS	0.52	0.50	1.09	1.03	1.91	2.08	1.30	1.14	0.51	0.47
Marijuana	0.50	0.48	1.03	1.01	1.87	1.98	1.22	1.11	0.50	0.45
Cocaine	0.08	0.11	0.18	0.31	0.42	0.79	0.17	0.29	0.09	0.08
Heroin	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.08	0.03	0.22	0.03	0.08	0.02	0.01
Hallucinogens	0.07	0.06	0.18	0.17	0.37	0.40	0.20	0.17	0.05	0.04
Inhalants	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.18	0.21	0.38	0.08	0.21	0.01	0.01
Methamphetamine	0.05	0.06	0.12	0.17	0.23	0.37	0.14	0.18	0.03	0.04
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.17	0.17	0.42	0.44	0.77	1.25	0.48	0.42	0.15	0.13
Pain Relievers	0.14	0.12	0.32	0.31	0.51	0.74	0.38	0.32	0.11	0.09
Prescription Opioids	0.13	0.11	0.29	0.31	0.50	0.72	0.34	0.32	0.10	0.07
Stimulants	0.11	0.13	0.29	0.34	0.58	0.94	0.32	0.30	0.07	0.09
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.10	0.09	0.23	0.25	0.47	0.74	0.23	0.23	0.09	0.04
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.08	0.20	0.23	0.39	0.71	0.20	0.21	0.08	0.04
Sedatives	0.05	0.06	0.13	0.17	0.32	0.52	0.12	0.12	0.04	0.01
Opioids²	0.13	0.12	0.29	0.31	0.50	0.74	0.34	0.33	0.10	0.07
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.13	0.18	0.34	0.47	0.68	1.19	0.38	0.45	0.11	0.11
ALCOHOL	0.48	0.43	0.94	0.85	1.93	1.79	1.04	0.98	0.50	0.48
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.30	0.31	0.71	0.70	1.61	1.53	0.68	0.75	0.26	0.28
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.43	0.40	0.95	0.92	1.54	1.82	1.25	1.04	0.44	0.38
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.37	0.35	0.67	0.63	1.26	1.21	0.85	0.73	0.43	0.41
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.59	0.55	1.12	1.04	2.01	2.06	1.34	1.22	0.64	0.59
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.62P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.1214	0.2896	0.9242	0.3632	0.3317
DRUGS	0.7846	0.5743	0.7076	0.4899	0.4449
Marijuana	0.2845	0.6956	0.5065	0.8075	0.3351
Cocaine	0.0802	0.0272	0.3065	0.0245	0.9216
Heroin	0.1950	0.0097	0.0352	0.1267	0.1044
Hallucinogens	0.3035	0.3317	0.5392	0.5226	0.7748
Inhalants	0.0806	0.0829	0.3962	0.1117	0.6794
Methamphetamine	0.3852	0.2690	0.2639	0.5702	0.8442
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.8550	0.2532	0.0404	0.7929	0.2152
Pain Relievers	0.3076	0.9007	0.2048	0.2344	0.1240
Prescription Opioids	0.4864	0.6274	0.2200	0.7174	0.0475
Stimulants	0.1428	0.2075	0.0245	0.7235	0.3210
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8099	0.1347	0.0896	0.5926	0.0498
Tranquilizers	0.5120	0.0911	0.0372	0.7214	0.1331
Sedatives	0.6922	0.2709	0.4324	0.3267	0.1364
Opioids²	0.6976	0.3963	0.1365	0.9197	0.0467
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0175	0.0159	0.0178	0.2210	0.4760
ALCOHOL	0.2900	0.0657	0.2393	0.2591	0.7344
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.4139	0.8702	0.4637	0.2499	0.1466
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.3435	0.6054	0.2485	1.0000	0.0797
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0411	0.0090	0.4230	0.0150	0.6039
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.1214	0.2896	0.9242	0.3632	0.3317
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.63C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	214	196	176	163	590	621
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	199	191	138	126	113	107	228	213
DRUGS	176	175	111	111	91	96	181	167
Marijuana	169	169	110	103	89	91	171	161
Cocaine	28	40	17	28	16	25	23	30
Heroin	7	10	1	7	1	4	7	7
Hallucinogens	24	22	19	15	13	15	15	15
Inhalants	10	21	9	17	8	17	5	13
Methamphetamine	16	21	9	12	8	8	13	17
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	59	59	31	46	29	41	52	41
Pain Relievers	46	42	20	32	18	25	41	26
Prescription Opioids	43	39	19	31	17	25	37	24
Stimulants	37	45	24	33	23	32	29	30
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	33	31	20	25	18	25	26	17
Tranquilizers	29	28	14	24	12	23	24	14
Sedatives	18	20	14	18	13	18	11	10
Opioids³	43	41	19	31	17	25	37	25
Central Nervous System Stimulants	45	62	28	43	27	40	37	44
ALCOHOL	164	149	106	84	85	71	155	153
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	103	107	74	62	59	55	78	94
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	147	140	79	88	66	76	152	126
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	125	122	66	56	54	46	124	117
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	199	191	147	133	125	108	473	513
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.63D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.59	0.55	1.59	1.52	1.83	1.74	0.61	0.56
DRUGS	0.52	0.50	1.47	1.50	1.68	1.77	0.54	0.48
Marijuana	0.50	0.48	1.46	1.45	1.66	1.74	0.52	0.46
Cocaine	0.08	0.11	0.28	0.49	0.35	0.61	0.08	0.10
Heroin	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.12	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.07	0.06	0.31	0.27	0.30	0.37	0.05	0.05
Inhalants	0.03	0.06	0.15	0.31	0.19	0.42	0.02	0.04
Methamphetamine	0.05	0.06	0.14	0.22	0.18	0.21	0.05	0.06
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.17	0.17	0.52	0.80	0.66	0.98	0.18	0.14
Pain Relievers	0.14	0.12	0.34	0.56	0.41	0.61	0.14	0.09
Prescription Opioids	0.13	0.11	0.33	0.54	0.39	0.60	0.13	0.08
Stimulants	0.11	0.13	0.40	0.59	0.52	0.76	0.10	0.10
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.10	0.09	0.33	0.46	0.41	0.62	0.09	0.06
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.08	0.25	0.43	0.29	0.59	0.09	0.05
Sedatives	0.05	0.06	0.23	0.32	0.30	0.44	0.04	0.03
Opioids³	0.13	0.12	0.33	0.55	0.39	0.61	0.13	0.08
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.13	0.18	0.47	0.74	0.60	0.94	0.13	0.15
ALCOHOL	0.48	0.43	1.42	1.27	1.57	1.49	0.47	0.45
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.30	0.31	1.12	1.02	1.22	1.26	0.26	0.30
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.43	0.40	1.19	1.34	1.35	1.58	0.48	0.38
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.37	0.35	0.98	0.94	1.09	1.06	0.40	0.37
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.59	0.55	1.59	1.52	1.83	1.74	0.61	0.56
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.63P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.1214	0.9161	0.1050	0.1909
DRUGS	0.7846	0.1832	0.0140	0.5467
Marijuana	0.2845	0.8903	0.1796	0.3762
Cocaine	0.0802	0.3420	0.6228	0.1054
Heroin	0.1950	0.0421	0.0962	0.9029
Hallucinogens	0.3035	0.4754	0.9919	0.5909
Inhalants	0.0806	0.2204	0.1844	0.1377
Methamphetamine	0.3852	0.5780	0.5552	0.4480
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.8550	0.0050	0.0063	0.0988
Pain Relievers	0.3076	0.1018	0.1314	0.0208
Prescription Opioids	0.4864	0.1334	0.1301	0.0562
Stimulants	0.1428	0.0375	0.0780	0.7140
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8099	0.0721	0.0211	0.2505
Tranquilizers	0.5120	0.0128	0.0040	0.2006
Sedatives	0.6922	0.5170	0.2903	0.9740
Opioids³	0.6976	0.0747	0.1011	0.0777
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0175	0.0298	0.0563	0.1212
ALCOHOL	0.2900	0.3019	0.6202	0.7923
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.4139	0.6601	0.5871	0.2294
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.3435	0.2341	0.0170	0.1378
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0411	0.0495	0.1784	0.2397
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.1214	0.9161	0.1050	0.1909
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.64C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	1,022	1,023	421	433	840	861	2,729	2,609
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	702	756	511	536	251	302	408	429	656	627
DRUGS	548	603	419	445	213	255	329	335	418	418
Marijuana	440	486	309	338	167	204	243	247	320	344
Cocaine	119	117	93	101	46	65	82	63	76	59
Heroin	94	78	56	67	18	48	54	31	75	41
Hallucinogens	48	56	32	50	15	18	32	47	36	25
Inhalants	49	48	35	39	19	22	29	32	34	29
Methamphetamine	178	151	133	117	76	77	103	80	125	96
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	319	334	249	263	118	171	208	200	220	207
Pain Relievers	289	289	213	231	95	150	185	176	212	180
Prescription Opioids	266	277	208	224	92	149	181	168	181	167
Stimulants	114	110	90	88	49	65	76	62	71	65
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	160	165	137	138	84	82	110	112	81	90
Tranquilizers	139	133	122	122	75	79	96	94	70	46
Sedatives	102	105	93	71	55	33	75	62	48	79
Opioids²	273	281	214	229	92	151	187	170	185	170
Central Nervous System Stimulants	233	210	188	162	95	112	148	103	154	129
ALCOHOL	543	555	333	367	174	206	278	292	509	472
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	274	277	196	214	111	131	156	154	190	169
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	451	504	342	368	172	214	286	279	361	377
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	487	504	263	298	129	157	225	251	468	443
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	702	756	779	801	312	294	680	701	2,460	2,378
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.64D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.31	0.33	0.81	0.83	1.68	1.82	0.91	0.90	0.32	0.31
DRUGS	0.25	0.27	0.73	0.77	1.57	1.76	0.80	0.78	0.22	0.22
Marijuana	0.20	0.21	0.59	0.61	1.33	1.56	0.62	0.59	0.17	0.18
Cocaine	0.05	0.05	0.20	0.20	0.41	0.56	0.23	0.16	0.04	0.03
Heroin	0.04	0.03	0.12	0.13	0.16	0.42	0.15	0.08	0.04	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.10	0.13	0.16	0.09	0.12	0.02	0.01
Inhalants	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.08	0.17	0.19	0.08	0.08	0.02	0.02
Methamphetamine	0.08	0.07	0.27	0.23	0.67	0.67	0.28	0.21	0.07	0.05
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.14	0.15	0.49	0.50	1.02	1.37	0.55	0.50	0.12	0.11
Pain Relievers	0.13	0.13	0.42	0.45	0.82	1.24	0.49	0.44	0.12	0.10
Prescription Opioids	0.12	0.12	0.41	0.43	0.80	1.24	0.48	0.42	0.10	0.09
Stimulants	0.05	0.05	0.19	0.18	0.44	0.57	0.21	0.16	0.04	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.07	0.07	0.29	0.27	0.74	0.71	0.30	0.29	0.05	0.05
Tranquilizers	0.06	0.06	0.25	0.24	0.67	0.69	0.26	0.24	0.04	0.03
Sedatives	0.05	0.05	0.20	0.14	0.49	0.29	0.21	0.16	0.03	0.04
Opioids²	0.12	0.12	0.43	0.44	0.80	1.25	0.49	0.42	0.10	0.09
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.10	0.09	0.38	0.32	0.83	0.95	0.40	0.27	0.09	0.07
ALCOHOL	0.24	0.24	0.60	0.64	1.38	1.57	0.69	0.66	0.26	0.25
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.12	0.12	0.39	0.41	0.95	1.10	0.41	0.38	0.11	0.09
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.20	0.22	0.63	0.67	1.35	1.58	0.72	0.67	0.19	0.20
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.22	0.22	0.52	0.55	1.09	1.28	0.58	0.60	0.25	0.24
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.31	0.33	0.81	0.83	1.68	1.82	0.91	0.90	0.32	0.31
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.64P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.6943	0.9871	0.7297	0.9562	0.3072
DRUGS	0.4000	0.6155	0.2517	0.9877	0.8588
Marijuana	0.0416	0.2362	0.4422	0.2719	0.1580
Cocaine	0.4491	0.7379	0.6426	0.4472	0.2903
Heroin	0.2872	0.8057	0.0499	0.0614	0.1819
Hallucinogens	0.9286	0.7036	0.7247	0.7937	0.6183
Inhalants	0.9655	0.9955	0.5970	0.7293	0.9024
Methamphetamine	0.2529	0.1335	0.8798	0.0388	0.8704
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.4692	0.9061	0.3565	0.4854	0.1670
Pain Relievers	0.3431	0.9601	0.2838	0.4633	0.1134
Prescription Opioids	0.6331	0.8856	0.1995	0.5019	0.2342
Stimulants	0.6872	0.6714	0.3284	0.8962	0.8262
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.4002	0.2038	0.3500	0.4389	0.9641
Tranquilizers	0.1071	0.1725	0.4790	0.2819	0.1672
Sedatives	0.7113	0.1768	0.1178	0.5822	0.3483
Opioids²	0.4203	0.9405	0.1257	0.2723	0.1465
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.3991	0.3331	0.2121	0.0282	0.5770
ALCOHOL	0.0957	0.6874	0.2679	0.7520	0.0469
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.6358	0.7698	0.8081	0.4991	0.1425
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.2050	0.6874	0.1388	0.7084	0.3537
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.1151	0.4828	0.2529	0.9160	0.1227
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.6943	0.9871	0.7297	0.9562	0.3072
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.65C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	527	507	429	405	3,077	3,000
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	702	756	313	323	269	268	772	803
DRUGS	548	603	259	269	230	219	531	553
Marijuana	440	486	180	196	157	153	417	447
Cocaine	119	117	64	57	43	50	102	97
Heroin	94	78	17	47	17	45	93	52
Hallucinogens	48	56	18	25	15	25	45	50
Inhalants	49	48	18	20	18	20	45	44
Methamphetamine	178	151	82	81	76	76	159	122
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	319	334	154	193	139	153	289	277
Pain Relievers	289	289	131	172	113	131	266	241
Prescription Opioids	266	277	129	170	111	130	238	225
Stimulants	114	110	51	64	41	57	104	91
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	160	165	102	109	83	80	123	125
Tranquilizers	139	133	92	107	75	78	105	79
Sedatives	102	105	76	28	55	27	69	101
Opioids³	273	281	129	170	111	131	245	227
Central Nervous System Stimulants	233	210	116	108	92	100	204	176
ALCOHOL	543	555	199	218	173	190	569	577
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	274	277	119	128	110	114	247	238
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	451	504	208	231	179	184	446	471
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	487	504	159	173	130	151	509	525
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	702	756	398	382	306	290	2,719	2,663
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.65D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.31	0.33	1.47	1.53	1.75	1.80	0.31	0.32
DRUGS	0.25	0.27	1.36	1.42	1.69	1.68	0.23	0.24
Marijuana	0.20	0.21	1.03	1.10	1.27	1.29	0.19	0.20
Cocaine	0.05	0.05	0.39	0.36	0.38	0.47	0.05	0.05
Heroin	0.04	0.03	0.11	0.29	0.15	0.42	0.04	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.02	0.02	0.12	0.16	0.14	0.23	0.02	0.02
Inhalants	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.13	0.16	0.19	0.02	0.02
Methamphetamine	0.08	0.07	0.50	0.50	0.68	0.70	0.08	0.06
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.14	0.15	0.90	1.13	1.17	1.33	0.13	0.13
Pain Relievers	0.13	0.13	0.76	1.03	0.97	1.16	0.13	0.11
Prescription Opioids	0.12	0.12	0.76	1.03	0.95	1.16	0.11	0.11
Stimulants	0.05	0.05	0.32	0.40	0.38	0.53	0.05	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.07	0.07	0.63	0.67	0.75	0.73	0.06	0.06
Tranquilizers	0.06	0.06	0.58	0.66	0.68	0.70	0.05	0.04
Sedatives	0.05	0.05	0.47	0.18	0.49	0.25	0.03	0.05
Opioids³	0.12	0.12	0.76	1.02	0.96	1.17	0.12	0.11
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.10	0.09	0.69	0.66	0.79	0.91	0.10	0.08
ALCOHOL	0.24	0.24	1.06	1.21	1.31	1.54	0.25	0.25
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.12	0.12	0.70	0.77	0.93	1.02	0.12	0.11
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.20	0.22	1.14	1.28	1.40	1.51	0.20	0.21
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.22	0.22	0.92	1.01	1.10	1.30	0.22	0.23
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.31	0.33	1.47	1.53	1.75	1.80	0.31	0.32
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.65P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.6943	0.5452	0.6749	0.5664
DRUGS	0.4000	0.1984	0.2574	0.6222
Marijuana	0.0416	0.1215	0.2205	0.0818
Cocaine	0.4491	0.9886	0.3838	0.3964
Heroin	0.2872	0.0322	0.0914	0.0232
Hallucinogens	0.9286	0.6727	0.4087	0.9317
Inhalants	0.9655	0.8270	0.6865	0.9031
Methamphetamine	0.2529	0.9442	0.6047	0.1652
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.4692	0.6779	0.9362	0.3096
Pain Relievers	0.3431	0.8883	0.8982	0.2713
Prescription Opioids	0.6331	0.7963	0.8630	0.5051
Stimulants	0.6872	0.3954	0.2279	0.9750
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.4002	0.3946	0.4624	0.7727
Tranquilizers	0.1071	0.5954	0.5910	0.0846
Sedatives	0.7113	0.0145	0.1160	0.2235
Opioids³	0.4203	0.6764	0.7753	0.2514
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.3991	0.5213	0.0900	0.1830
ALCOHOL	0.0957	0.9469	0.9689	0.0883
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.6358	0.2799	0.2505	0.2993
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.2050	0.4074	0.5842	0.2549
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.1151	0.3760	0.3437	0.1832
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.6943	0.5452	0.6749	0.5664
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.66C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	641	703	296	306	525	573	1,296	1,290
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	436	488	357	401	209	204	278	319	393	386
DRUGS	350	377	290	317	171	178	220	243	246	243
Marijuana	294	337	237	279	139	149	178	218	201	216
Cocaine	75	76	54	61	27	27	47	56	53	47
Heroin	61	47	47	43	18	27	43	30	40	21
Hallucinogens	47	56	31	50	15	18	27	47	36	25
Inhalants	37	47	33	37	19	21	27	30	17	29
Methamphetamine	129	93	114	66	69	41	87	50	70	57
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	173	166	143	143	91	105	109	95	109	88
Pain Relievers	141	119	108	102	75	73	79	73	94	66
Prescription Opioids	133	115	102	99	73	72	73	70	91	65
Stimulants	87	96	74	81	43	61	62	57	49	50
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	95	92	92	83	65	66	63	50	34	36
Tranquilizers	88	82	85	75	59	64	61	39	31	26
Sedatives	64	48	61	39	48	24	36	29	23	30
Opioids²	147	118	111	103	74	74	82	72	101	67
Central Nervous System Stimulants	167	155	141	112	80	76	114	84	102	96
ALCOHOL	368	370	251	268	146	130	202	224	333	296
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	195	190	148	156	90	90	114	127	137	111
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	268	314	234	256	142	148	179	195	192	216
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	324	326	203	213	111	93	165	185	292	268
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	436	488	466	498	194	211	408	423	1,119	1,162
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.66D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.42	0.46	0.84	0.88	1.67	1.76	0.97	0.99	0.44	0.46
DRUGS	0.34	0.36	0.78	0.81	1.62	1.72	0.86	0.87	0.31	0.30
Marijuana	0.28	0.32	0.68	0.74	1.45	1.57	0.72	0.81	0.25	0.27
Cocaine	0.07	0.07	0.18	0.19	0.33	0.34	0.21	0.24	0.07	0.06
Heroin	0.06	0.04	0.15	0.14	0.22	0.34	0.19	0.13	0.05	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.16	0.18	0.23	0.12	0.20	0.05	0.03
Inhalants	0.04	0.04	0.11	0.12	0.23	0.27	0.12	0.13	0.02	0.04
Methamphetamine	0.13	0.09	0.37	0.21	0.82	0.50	0.39	0.21	0.10	0.08
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.17	0.16	0.44	0.45	1.03	1.22	0.47	0.40	0.15	0.12
Pain Relievers	0.14	0.11	0.34	0.32	0.86	0.90	0.35	0.31	0.13	0.09
Prescription Opioids	0.13	0.11	0.32	0.31	0.85	0.88	0.32	0.30	0.12	0.09
Stimulants	0.08	0.09	0.24	0.25	0.52	0.74	0.28	0.24	0.07	0.07
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.09	0.09	0.29	0.26	0.77	0.80	0.28	0.21	0.05	0.05
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.08	0.27	0.24	0.70	0.78	0.27	0.17	0.04	0.03
Sedatives	0.06	0.05	0.20	0.12	0.58	0.30	0.16	0.12	0.03	0.04
Opioids²	0.14	0.11	0.35	0.33	0.85	0.91	0.36	0.30	0.13	0.09
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.16	0.15	0.44	0.35	0.94	0.91	0.50	0.35	0.14	0.13
ALCOHOL	0.36	0.35	0.70	0.69	1.48	1.44	0.78	0.78	0.41	0.37
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.19	0.18	0.45	0.46	1.03	1.07	0.49	0.51	0.18	0.15
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.26	0.30	0.67	0.69	1.46	1.54	0.74	0.73	0.24	0.27
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.31	0.31	0.62	0.60	1.21	1.10	0.68	0.70	0.36	0.34
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.42	0.46	0.84	0.88	1.67	1.76	0.97	0.99	0.44	0.46
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.66P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.5853	0.6185	0.6818	0.2502	0.1770
DRUGS	0.1943	0.2076	0.5552	0.1387	0.6763
Marijuana	0.0163	0.0409	0.4602	0.0233	0.1865
Cocaine	0.6023	0.5419	0.7766	0.5875	0.9815
Heroin	0.1923	0.5717	0.2008	0.1614	0.1269
Hallucinogens	0.7286	0.4351	0.6944	0.4842	0.6089
Inhalants	0.6799	1.0000	0.6653	0.7898	0.4831
Methamphetamine	0.0465	0.0133	0.2453	0.0260	0.9941
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.2719	0.6013	0.9097	0.5989	0.1556
Pain Relievers	0.2067	0.5863	0.6527	0.9194	0.1315
Prescription Opioids	0.3420	0.7318	0.7533	0.9598	0.2190
Stimulants	0.3673	0.3060	0.1655	0.7112	0.9338
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.1990	0.1745	0.5105	0.2894	0.7947
Tranquilizers	0.1263	0.1180	0.6414	0.1026	0.7162
Sedatives	0.1544	0.1217	0.0517	0.9888	0.8719
Opioids²	0.1496	0.5828	0.9453	0.5425	0.0804
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.6380	0.4823	0.3861	0.1640	0.9521
ALCOHOL	0.0251	0.8237	0.1453	0.4176	0.0049
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.6047	0.3733	0.6634	0.1034	0.0404
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.0521	0.4018	0.3336	0.5448	0.0758
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0258	0.3430	0.1449	0.8161	0.0338
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.5853	0.6185	0.6818	0.2502	0.1770
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.67C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	332	356	284	289	1,519	1,552
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	436	488	217	230	193	192	507	527
DRUGS	350	377	182	198	162	171	349	354
Marijuana	294	337	147	164	127	142	287	313
Cocaine	75	76	31	42	21	33	69	65
Heroin	61	47	17	25	17	21	59	37
Hallucinogens	47	56	18	25	15	25	44	50
Inhalants	37	47	18	20	18	20	33	42
Methamphetamine	129	93	75	48	69	41	108	80
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	173	166	95	106	87	96	151	132
Pain Relievers	141	119	80	72	72	68	120	102
Prescription Opioids	133	115	78	69	70	66	113	100
Stimulants	87	96	43	59	38	51	79	78
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	95	92	72	68	64	63	65	61
Tranquilizers	88	82	66	66	58	61	61	46
Sedatives	64	48	54	23	47	22	35	41
Opioids³	147	118	79	71	71	67	126	100
Central Nervous System Stimulants	167	155	87	82	77	72	149	136
ALCOHOL	368	370	146	155	126	130	388	390
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	195	190	89	110	78	97	181	168
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	268	314	152	158	137	137	261	298
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	324	326	114	107	93	86	333	338
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	436	488	241	253	197	201	1,269	1,333
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.67D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.42	0.46	1.49	1.55	1.75	1.79	0.43	0.46
DRUGS	0.34	0.36	1.41	1.50	1.65	1.77	0.33	0.33
Marijuana	0.28	0.32	1.21	1.32	1.43	1.63	0.27	0.30
Cocaine	0.07	0.07	0.29	0.40	0.28	0.44	0.07	0.07
Heroin	0.06	0.04	0.16	0.23	0.22	0.28	0.06	0.04
Hallucinogens	0.05	0.05	0.17	0.24	0.20	0.34	0.05	0.05
Inhalants	0.04	0.04	0.17	0.19	0.23	0.27	0.03	0.04
Methamphetamine	0.13	0.09	0.69	0.44	0.87	0.54	0.11	0.08
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.17	0.16	0.84	0.95	1.06	1.21	0.16	0.14
Pain Relievers	0.14	0.11	0.72	0.66	0.90	0.87	0.13	0.11
Prescription Opioids	0.13	0.11	0.71	0.64	0.88	0.86	0.12	0.10
Stimulants	0.08	0.09	0.40	0.55	0.49	0.68	0.08	0.08
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.09	0.09	0.66	0.63	0.81	0.82	0.07	0.06
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.08	0.61	0.61	0.74	0.79	0.06	0.05
Sedatives	0.06	0.05	0.50	0.22	0.61	0.29	0.04	0.04
Opioids³	0.14	0.11	0.71	0.65	0.89	0.87	0.13	0.10
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.16	0.15	0.79	0.75	0.96	0.94	0.16	0.14
ALCOHOL	0.36	0.35	1.20	1.26	1.41	1.52	0.37	0.37
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.19	0.18	0.79	0.99	0.96	1.21	0.19	0.17
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.26	0.30	1.24	1.28	1.51	1.56	0.25	0.29
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.31	0.31	0.99	0.93	1.12	1.09	0.32	0.33
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.42	0.46	1.49	1.55	1.75	1.79	0.43	0.46
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.67P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 to 49; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.5853	0.4073	0.4734	0.4113
DRUGS	0.1943	0.0977	0.0788	0.4255
Marijuana	0.0163	0.0624	0.0637	0.0529
Cocaine	0.6023	0.2744	0.0594	0.9708
Heroin	0.1923	0.1506	0.4404	0.0431
Hallucinogens	0.7286	0.6992	0.4319	0.8296
Inhalants	0.6799	0.8277	0.6840	0.7160
Methamphetamine	0.0465	0.2767	0.4660	0.0984
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.2719	0.6964	0.7354	0.3351
Pain Relievers	0.2067	0.1616	0.2748	0.6150
Prescription Opioids	0.3420	0.1503	0.3974	0.9299
Stimulants	0.3673	0.2493	0.2847	0.6877
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.1990	0.3676	0.5088	0.4268
Tranquilizers	0.1263	0.4321	0.5874	0.1868
Sedatives	0.1544	0.0314	0.0893	0.7747
Opioids³	0.1496	0.2364	0.4934	0.3667
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.6380	0.4601	0.1734	0.3638
ALCOHOL	0.0251	0.8397	0.8969	0.0150
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.6047	0.1254	0.0726	0.1502
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.0521	0.4216	0.4802	0.0577
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0258	0.2319	0.1070	0.0523
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.5853	0.4073	0.4734	0.4113
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.68C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	663	703	274	310	587	610	2,019	1,919
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	532	552	321	341	134	215	282	266	493	476
DRUGS	407	411	271	279	116	175	236	215	339	317
Marijuana	294	307	171	177	85	139	149	110	248	250
Cocaine	99	75	76	66	38	59	66	30	63	35
Heroin	72	54	32	41	*	40	32	9	64	35
Hallucinogens	18	2	18	2	*	1	18	1	*	*
Inhalants	31	11	10	11	*	4	10	10	30	1
Methamphetamine	121	117	63	88	31	65	55	59	104	77
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	274	286	190	217	72	129	176	173	206	186
Pain Relievers	257	256	177	202	58	126	167	158	196	167
Prescription Opioids	232	244	175	196	56	126	165	150	162	155
Stimulants	71	54	49	34	23	24	44	24	52	42
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	125	140	100	112	47	48	87	100	74	82
Tranquilizers	104	107	83	98	40	47	72	86	62	39
Sedatives	83	94	71	59	26	23	66	54	43	73
Opioids²	234	245	177	196	56	126	168	150	162	156
Central Nervous System Stimulants	160	140	109	108	54	82	95	70	120	89
ALCOHOL	408	425	206	239	95	156	181	181	381	370
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	182	185	122	134	67	96	101	84	134	129
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	359	363	232	243	92	147	215	195	300	283
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	374	391	161	202	68	123	146	160	355	351
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	532	552	551	589	237	215	499	541	1,887	1,770
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.68D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2024)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.44	0.45	1.58	1.55	4.08	4.49	1.71	1.56	0.44	0.42
DRUGS	0.34	0.34	1.40	1.37	3.66	4.13	1.50	1.33	0.32	0.29
Marijuana	0.24	0.25	0.96	0.92	2.82	3.71	1.02	0.72	0.24	0.24
Cocaine	0.08	0.06	0.45	0.36	1.29	1.71	0.47	0.20	0.06	0.03
Heroin	0.06	0.04	0.19	0.22	*	1.17	0.23	0.06	0.06	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.02	<0.01	0.11	0.01	*	0.04	0.13	0.01	*	*
Inhalants	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.06	*	0.12	0.07	0.07	0.03	<0.01
Methamphetamine	0.10	0.10	0.37	0.47	1.06	1.88	0.39	0.39	0.10	0.07
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.23	0.24	1.04	1.10	2.43	3.36	1.18	1.09	0.20	0.18
Pain Relievers	0.21	0.21	0.98	1.04	1.99	3.31	1.13	1.01	0.19	0.16
Prescription Opioids	0.19	0.20	0.97	1.01	1.91	3.32	1.12	0.96	0.16	0.15
Stimulants	0.06	0.04	0.29	0.18	0.80	0.70	0.31	0.16	0.05	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.10	0.12	0.58	0.60	1.63	1.43	0.61	0.65	0.07	0.08
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.09	0.48	0.53	1.39	1.37	0.50	0.57	0.06	0.04
Sedatives	0.07	0.08	0.42	0.32	0.91	0.68	0.47	0.36	0.04	0.07
Opioids²	0.20	0.20	0.98	1.01	1.91	3.31	1.13	0.96	0.16	0.15
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.13	0.12	0.63	0.58	1.82	2.35	0.67	0.46	0.12	0.09
ALCOHOL	0.34	0.35	1.13	1.18	3.08	4.06	1.22	1.12	0.35	0.34
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.15	0.15	0.70	0.70	2.24	2.69	0.70	0.54	0.13	0.12
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.30	0.30	1.24	1.24	3.02	3.69	1.41	1.24	0.28	0.26
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.31	0.32	0.92	1.03	2.27	3.41	1.01	1.02	0.33	0.32
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.44	0.45	1.58	1.55	4.08	4.49	1.71	1.56	0.44	0.42
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.68P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Level of Mental Illness, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Any Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness¹ (2023)	No Mental Illness¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.8775	0.7912	0.2046	0.2694	0.7126
DRUGS	0.9786	0.7106	0.1900	0.1746	0.8865
Marijuana	0.6151	0.7195	0.5307	0.2756	0.5123
Cocaine	0.1534	0.3750	0.7533	0.1236	0.1591
Heroin	0.7761	0.7424	*	0.2064	0.5256
Hallucinogens	0.2821	0.2758	*	0.2463	*
Inhalants	0.3942	0.9427	*	0.7916	0.3071
Methamphetamine	0.6671	0.4913	0.0986	0.5815	0.8264
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.8648	0.8482	0.2435	0.6078	0.4349
Pain Relievers	0.6855	0.8525	0.0911	0.4295	0.3022
Prescription Opioids	0.9723	0.7714	0.0616	0.4326	0.4923
Stimulants	0.5190	0.4143	0.7615	0.4127	0.8037
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.9167	0.6074	0.4980	0.7904	0.8578
Tranquilizers	0.4179	0.6756	0.5859	0.8244	0.1703
Sedatives	0.6420	0.5968	0.9265	0.5314	0.2716
Opioids²	0.9080	0.8605	0.0537	0.3457	0.4902
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.4330	0.5340	0.3120	0.0958	0.4533
ALCOHOL	0.7814	0.8501	0.8479	0.6938	0.7021
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.8259	0.6576	0.8167	0.3683	0.9113
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.9381	0.8721	0.1760	0.3074	0.9145
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.8431	0.9140	0.9731	0.9125	0.7153
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.8775	0.7912	0.2046	0.2694	0.7126
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.69C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0	0	360	356	294	280	2,192	2,110
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	532	552	212	226	181	185	550	562
DRUGS	407	411	172	176	152	131	392	383
Marijuana	294	307	98	114	89	70	283	287
Cocaine	99	75	56	39	37	*	82	64
Heroin	72	54	<1	40	<1	40	72	36
Hallucinogens	18	2	<1	1	<1	1	18	2
Inhalants	31	11	*	*	*	*	31	11
Methamphetamine	121	117	33	64	31	63	116	97
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	274	286	114	155	99	110	256	238
Pain Relievers	257	256	105	150	89	104	240	212
Prescription Opioids	232	244	103	150	87	104	212	197
Stimulants	71	54	28	25	17	25	66	47
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	125	140	69	85	48	50	104	110
Tranquilizers	104	107	60	84	41	48	85	64
Sedatives	83	94	54	16	27	16	63	92
Opioids³	234	245	103	150	87	104	214	197
Central Nervous System Stimulants	160	140	70	69	51	68	146	122
ALCOHOL	408	425	140	157	121	143	413	429
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	182	185	80	65	77	60	164	167
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	359	363	135	163	112	116	348	336
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	374	391	114	141	93	130	377	398
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	532	552	286	275	223	206	2,024	1,930
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Domains forced to match their respective U.S. Census Bureau or American Community Survey population estimates through the weight calibration process are not subject to sampling error induced by the NSDUH design. Therefore, the standard errors of the estimated numbers of people in these domains are zero. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.69D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2024)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2024)	No MDE¹ (2023)	No MDE¹ (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.44	0.45	3.14	3.32	4.22	4.35	0.44	0.43
DRUGS	0.34	0.34	2.75	2.88	3.88	3.61	0.33	0.32
Marijuana	0.24	0.25	1.72	2.02	2.52	2.15	0.24	0.24
Cocaine	0.08	0.06	1.01	0.72	1.09	*	0.07	0.06
Heroin	0.06	0.04	0.01	0.74	0.01	1.23	0.06	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.02	<0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.02	<0.01
Inhalants	0.03	0.01	*	*	*	*	0.03	0.01
Methamphetamine	0.10	0.10	0.62	1.18	0.94	1.92	0.10	0.08
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.23	0.24	1.94	2.63	2.72	3.12	0.22	0.20
Pain Relievers	0.21	0.21	1.81	2.58	2.48	2.97	0.21	0.18
Prescription Opioids	0.19	0.20	1.79	2.58	2.45	2.97	0.18	0.17
Stimulants	0.06	0.04	0.52	0.47	0.51	0.78	0.06	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.10	0.12	1.25	1.55	1.46	1.53	0.09	0.09
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.09	1.10	1.54	1.25	1.48	0.07	0.06
Sedatives	0.07	0.08	0.98	0.31	0.83	0.51	0.05	0.08
Opioids³	0.20	0.20	1.79	2.57	2.45	2.97	0.19	0.17
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.13	0.12	1.25	1.27	1.47	2.06	0.13	0.11
ALCOHOL	0.34	0.35	2.26	2.64	3.13	3.90	0.34	0.35
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.15	0.15	1.40	1.20	2.18	1.83	0.14	0.14
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.30	0.30	2.25	2.74	3.02	3.29	0.29	0.28
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.31	0.32	1.98	2.45	2.65	3.69	0.31	0.32
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.44	0.45	3.14	3.32	4.22	4.35	0.44	0.43
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.69P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 50 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and MDE with Severe Impairment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 50+ (2023)	Had MDE¹ (2023)	Had MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2 (2023)	No MDE¹ (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.8775	0.9396	0.9096	0.8718
DRUGS	0.9786	0.8407	0.8428	0.9369
Marijuana	0.6151	0.9510	0.5093	0.5892
Cocaine	0.1534	0.4173	*	0.2401
Heroin	0.7761	0.1111	0.1288	0.2724
Hallucinogens	0.2821	0.4947	0.4936	0.2577
Inhalants	0.3942	*	*	0.3940
Methamphetamine	0.6671	0.1506	0.1066	0.7783
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.8648	0.3962	0.6732	0.5569
Pain Relievers	0.6855	0.2941	0.5043	0.3275
Prescription Opioids	0.9723	0.2301	0.3844	0.4853
Stimulants	0.5190	0.7274	0.5579	0.5900
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.9167	0.7342	0.7203	0.8849
Tranquilizers	0.4179	0.9922	0.8493	0.2671
Sedatives	0.6420	0.1971	0.8162	0.2356
Opioids³	0.9080	0.2135	0.3681	0.4148
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.4330	0.9034	0.3179	0.3477
ALCOHOL	0.7814	0.7556	0.8592	0.8641
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.8259	0.7359	0.6571	0.9330
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.9381	0.6924	0.9610	0.9619
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.8431	0.8841	0.9332	0.8823
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.8775	0.9396	0.9096	0.8718
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.70C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
TOTAL	388	417	188	253	116	176
18-25	138	154	82	86	55	57
18-20	95	95	59	48	35	37
21-25	128	137	65	73	44	46
26 or Older	348	377	168	233	104	166
26-49	234	266	130	140	72	101
26-29	129	125	62	70	34	51
30-34	132	136	78	74	33	69
35-39	112	109	53	65	37	34
40-44	81	125	46	50	25	31
45-49	87	84	43	45	32	21
50 or Older	248	263	107	180	75	130
50-54	104	124	80	102	62	38
55-59	97	121	38	63	29	66
60-64	116	143	42	100	6	75
65 or Older	172	157	45	96	30	78
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.70D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
TOTAL	0.15	0.16	0.07	0.10	0.04	0.07
18-25	0.41	0.44	0.24	0.24	0.16	0.16
18-20	0.72	0.71	0.47	0.37	0.29	0.29
21-25	0.50	0.53	0.29	0.31	0.20	0.20
26 or Older	0.16	0.17	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.07
26-49	0.23	0.25	0.13	0.13	0.07	0.10
26-29	0.66	0.67	0.35	0.39	0.19	0.29
30-34	0.55	0.56	0.34	0.31	0.15	0.29
35-39	0.46	0.45	0.22	0.28	0.16	0.15
40-44	0.38	0.55	0.21	0.22	0.12	0.14
45-49	0.45	0.43	0.23	0.23	0.17	0.11
50 or Older	0.21	0.22	0.09	0.15	0.06	0.11
50-54	0.54	0.61	0.43	0.51	0.33	0.19
55-59	0.47	0.61	0.18	0.32	0.14	0.34
60-64	0.50	0.62	0.18	0.44	0.02	0.33
65 or Older	0.30	0.26	0.08	0.16	0.05	0.13
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.70P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Age Category	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)
TOTAL	0.0262	0.0063	0.0005
18-25	0.6002	0.8541	0.8859
18-20	0.6109	0.4344	0.9455
21-25	0.7784	0.6923	0.7976
26 or Older	0.0241	0.0023	0.0001
26-49	0.5102	0.2685	0.0735
26-29	0.9112	0.2520	0.2615
30-34	0.5306	0.4816	0.1776
35-39	0.9377	0.4872	0.6302
40-44	0.0193	0.1168	0.4252
45-49	0.9152	0.7341	0.8998
50 or Older	0.0137	0.0018	0.0005
50-54	0.1737	0.7287	0.6743
55-59	0.0491	0.1385	0.0756
60-64	0.2695	0.1311	0.0716
65 or Older	0.4347	0.0016	0.0002
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.71C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	388	417	138	154	348	377	234	266	248	263
SEX
Male	247	295	90	109	229	268	170	191	152	183
Female	276	274	102	108	252	251	153	172	195	187
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	342	370	122	132	310	343	204	228	227	249
AIAN	10	21	6	8	8	20	6	14	6	12
Asian	132	97	40	54	126	80	41	69	119	40
Black or African American	119	149	52	56	106	136	84	111	54	78
NHPI	9	13	*	*	6	8	6	2	*	*
White	304	336	122	113	261	315	193	198	173	241
Two or More Races	108	70	32	33	103	61	47	47	*	39
Hispanic or Latino	161	172	66	73	144	154	116	131	96	80
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	241	292	96	98	212	272	180	200	115	164
Part-Time	151	130	84	80	118	103	87	81	79	62
Unemployed	88	121	46	61	75	104	68	92	33	49
Other¹	267	251	75	83	258	233	134	126	220	197
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.71D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.15	0.16	0.41	0.44	0.16	0.17	0.23	0.25	0.21	0.22
SEX
Male	0.20	0.23	0.53	0.62	0.21	0.24	0.33	0.36	0.27	0.32
Female	0.21	0.20	0.60	0.62	0.22	0.21	0.29	0.32	0.31	0.29
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.16	0.17	0.47	0.51	0.17	0.18	0.25	0.27	0.22	0.24
AIAN	0.96	1.75	4.22	4.53	0.85	1.89	1.45	2.54	1.06	2.62
Asian	0.81	0.56	1.70	2.03	0.90	0.54	0.52	0.83	1.94	0.61
Black or African American	0.37	0.45	1.03	1.10	0.39	0.49	0.60	0.74	0.41	0.59
NHPI	0.97	1.14	*	*	0.64	0.85	1.22	0.28	*	*
White	0.18	0.20	0.59	0.57	0.18	0.21	0.32	0.32	0.20	0.28
Two or More Races	1.89	1.20	2.55	2.51	2.30	1.34	1.99	1.80	*	2.07
Hispanic or Latino	0.36	0.36	0.80	0.83	0.39	0.39	0.53	0.57	0.63	0.50
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.19	0.23	0.63	0.64	0.19	0.24	0.25	0.28	0.29	0.42
Part-Time	0.46	0.38	0.91	0.81	0.49	0.42	0.77	0.68	0.62	0.49
Unemployed	0.75	0.87	1.27	1.44	0.91	1.06	1.14	1.34	1.36	1.63
Other¹	0.27	0.25	0.79	0.92	0.29	0.26	0.67	0.59	0.32	0.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.71P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0262	0.6002	0.0241	0.5102	0.0137
SEX
Male	0.0010	0.0047	0.0134	0.2307	0.0191
Female	0.9894	0.0522	0.4419	0.7571	0.2126
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0363	0.9191	0.0249	0.5875	0.0125
AIAN	0.1919	0.9241	0.1774	0.6119	0.2019
Asian	0.8833	0.3176	0.7800	0.0583	0.1462
Black or African American	0.0099	0.3647	0.0129	0.0576	0.0772
NHPI	0.9739	*	0.5923	0.2301	*
White	0.1554	0.4239	0.0700	0.4436	0.0023
Two or More Races	0.5747	0.7270	0.4677	0.5418	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.3515	0.3275	0.5792	0.6857	0.6815
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1939	0.2162	0.0607	0.8013	0.0075
Part-Time	0.7572	0.3105	0.8567	0.7566	0.6354
Unemployed	0.1052	0.0831	0.3271	0.4061	0.4350
Other¹	0.1046	0.0157	0.3198	0.6646	0.3799
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.72C – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	188	253	82	86	168	233	130	140	107	180
SEX
Male	116	188	52	57	104	175	91	115	48	125
Female	148	166	62	63	131	155	91	84	96	130
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	164	226	72	75	148	210	118	118	90	173
AIAN	6	11	5	5	3	10	3	2	*	*
Asian	44	53	27	30	35	44	24	29	*	33
Black or African American	61	95	28	33	57	88	47	50	33	73
NHPI	7	7	*	*	1	*	1	*	*	*
White	140	200	60	58	126	188	101	101	80	155
Two or More Races	27	33	19	19	18	26	18	24	1	11
Hispanic or Latino	91	87	39	39	79	81	54	71	58	36
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	114	172	52	47	102	164	85	92	53	122
Part-Time	73	73	52	40	49	60	45	46	20	39
Unemployed	55	75	26	32	50	65	48	60	*	25
Other¹	123	161	37	53	112	148	72	77	90	127
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.72D – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.07	0.10	0.24	0.24	0.08	0.10	0.13	0.13	0.09	0.15
SEX
Male	0.09	0.15	0.31	0.32	0.10	0.16	0.18	0.22	0.08	0.22
Female	0.11	0.12	0.37	0.36	0.11	0.13	0.17	0.16	0.15	0.20
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.08	0.11	0.28	0.29	0.08	0.11	0.15	0.14	0.09	0.16
AIAN	0.52	0.98	3.18	3.32	0.35	1.00	0.82	0.43	*	*
Asian	0.27	0.31	1.18	1.24	0.25	0.30	0.30	0.36	*	0.50
Black or African American	0.20	0.30	0.60	0.69	0.21	0.32	0.34	0.35	0.25	0.55
NHPI	0.70	0.62	*	*	0.17	*	0.31	*	*	*
White	0.09	0.12	0.32	0.32	0.09	0.13	0.18	0.17	0.10	0.18
Two or More Races	0.51	0.58	1.67	1.57	0.44	0.59	0.82	0.97	0.05	0.55
Hispanic or Latino	0.20	0.18	0.47	0.45	0.21	0.21	0.24	0.31	0.39	0.23
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.09	0.14	0.36	0.32	0.10	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.31
Part-Time	0.23	0.22	0.61	0.44	0.21	0.25	0.42	0.41	0.16	0.31
Unemployed	0.47	0.56	0.74	0.81	0.61	0.69	0.82	0.92	*	0.84
Other¹	0.13	0.16	0.42	0.62	0.13	0.17	0.38	0.38	0.14	0.19
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.72P – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0063	0.8541	0.0023	0.2685	0.0018
SEX
Male	0.0011	0.1849	0.0019	0.1158	0.0032
Female	0.5421	0.1763	0.2197	0.8875	0.0981
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0119	0.8989	0.0077	0.7119	0.0016
AIAN	0.4293	0.9349	0.3983	0.3044	*
Asian	0.7393	0.7277	0.8806	0.6745	*
Black or African American	0.1550	0.3199	0.2609	0.7116	0.2418
NHPI	0.6054	*	*	*	*
White	0.0415	0.6262	0.0207	0.7665	0.0068
Two or More Races	0.2818	0.9436	0.1797	0.5486	0.0748
Hispanic or Latino	0.2301	0.5740	0.1068	0.1013	0.5901
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.0519	0.3333	0.0159	0.2173	0.0256
Part-Time	0.3938	0.0258	0.4454	0.8556	0.3587
Unemployed	0.9661	0.2394	0.6336	0.4671	*
Other¹	0.0111	0.0242	0.0387	0.4394	0.0524
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.73C – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	116	176	55	57	104	166	72	101	75	130
SEX
Male	66	122	37	39	58	114	50	64	28	95
Female	95	126	41	45	87	118	53	74	69	90
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	94	158	49	48	81	150	70	78	39	128
AIAN	5	7	4	*	3	4	3	2	*	4
Asian	29	14	25	14	14	*	14	*	*	*
Black or African American	51	62	21	20	47	58	35	51	32	29
NHPI	5	5	*	*	1	*	1	*	*	*
White	74	144	37	40	62	138	57	57	23	125
Two or More Races	17	26	9	14	14	22	14	15	2	16
Hispanic or Latino	67	70	19	29	65	65	16	60	63	24
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	67	111	36	27	56	108	46	76	32	76
Part-Time	40	51	21	30	33	42	30	27	14	31
Unemployed	34	50	19	25	28	40	28	39	*	9
Other¹	83	117	32	35	76	111	38	43	66	103
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.73D – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.04	0.07	0.16	0.16	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.11
SEX
Male	0.05	0.10	0.22	0.22	0.05	0.10	0.10	0.12	0.05	0.16
Female	0.07	0.09	0.24	0.26	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.14	0.11	0.14
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.04	0.07	0.19	0.18	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.09	0.04	0.12
AIAN	0.47	0.62	3.03	*	0.28	0.44	0.64	0.44	*	0.78
Asian	0.18	0.08	1.12	0.60	0.10	*	0.18	*	*	*
Black or African American	0.16	0.19	0.44	0.41	0.18	0.22	0.25	0.36	0.25	0.22
NHPI	0.54	0.42	*	*	0.16	*	0.31	*	*	*
White	0.05	0.09	0.21	0.22	0.04	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.03	0.15
Two or More Races	0.32	0.47	0.79	1.14	0.35	0.50	0.64	0.59	0.10	0.87
Hispanic or Latino	0.15	0.15	0.24	0.33	0.18	0.17	0.07	0.26	0.42	0.15
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.06	0.09	0.26	0.19	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.11	0.08	0.20
Part-Time	0.13	0.16	0.26	0.34	0.14	0.18	0.28	0.24	0.11	0.25
Unemployed	0.29	0.38	0.56	0.67	0.34	0.42	0.49	0.60	*	0.30
Other¹	0.09	0.12	0.37	0.41	0.09	0.13	0.20	0.22	0.10	0.15
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.73P – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0005	0.8859	0.0001	0.0735	0.0005
SEX
Male	0.0061	0.9945	0.0030	0.2005	0.0052
Female	0.0364	0.8599	0.0200	0.1924	0.0506
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0023	0.6269	0.0005	0.6836	0.0001
AIAN	0.6537	*	0.4706	0.5385	*
Asian	0.1440	0.4958	*	*	*
Black or African American	0.3805	0.8993	0.3234	0.1971	0.9399
NHPI	0.5559	*	*	*	*
White	0.0016	0.7892	0.0005	0.9539	0.0001
Two or More Races	0.2995	0.4870	0.4316	0.9824	0.2700
Hispanic or Latino	0.0928	0.5070	0.1317	0.0045	0.6034
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1685	0.0551	0.0356	0.2098	0.0807
Part-Time	0.3117	0.5864	0.4353	0.9226	0.2045
Unemployed	0.3726	0.5719	0.4336	0.4762	*
Other¹	0.0023	0.5393	0.0020	0.2160	0.0075
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.74C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	388	417	138	154	348	377	234	266	248	263
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	170	177	54	62	154	163	104	86	111	134
Midwest	138	167	60	62	116	145	74	124	85	91
South	255	272	90	91	230	250	150	180	162	160
West	205	190	68	79	185	176	141	117	127	127
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	320	355	128	135	274	313	196	220	186	200
Small Metro	245	241	94	95	215	210	148	153	154	144
Nonmetro	130	159	52	49	111	144	78	80	77	112
Urbanized	90	92	38	35	77	82	51	47	60	61
Less Urbanized	88	131	31	36	76	116	55	64	43	93
Completely Rural	37	25	*	6	29	23	21	19	20	11
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	166	192	82	76	143	171	101	125	100	117
100-199%	235	200	79	91	214	170	112	110	182	130
200% or More	269	345	107	121	238	318	192	215	143	208
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	126	123	40	56	122	113	53	60	109	95
High School Graduate	195	204	84	88	178	194	117	127	134	150
Some College/Associate’s Degree	228	246	106	118	211	228	157	164	141	162
College Graduate	181	214	56	51	177	215	131	157	120	125
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	282	331	134	136	240	289	173	190	162	201
Medicaid/CHIP	213	200	69	75	196	183	149	137	127	131
Other³	207	213	36	40	204	208	77	94	188	185
No Coverage	121	141	46	62	110	127	81	104	75	62
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.74D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.15	0.16	0.41	0.44	0.16	0.17	0.23	0.25	0.21	0.22
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.38	0.39	0.94	1.05	0.39	0.41	0.60	0.48	0.51	0.61
Midwest	0.26	0.31	0.85	0.85	0.25	0.31	0.36	0.59	0.34	0.36
South	0.26	0.27	0.69	0.67	0.27	0.29	0.38	0.44	0.35	0.34
West	0.34	0.31	0.85	0.96	0.35	0.33	0.55	0.45	0.47	0.46
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.20	0.22	0.59	0.65	0.21	0.23	0.30	0.33	0.28	0.30
Small Metro	0.27	0.25	0.64	0.65	0.29	0.26	0.43	0.42	0.39	0.35
Nonmetro	0.34	0.42	1.04	0.90	0.35	0.47	0.63	0.67	0.41	0.64
Urbanized	0.56	0.64	1.47	1.24	0.61	0.73	0.94	1.01	0.84	0.91
Less Urbanized	0.46	0.64	1.45	1.37	0.47	0.69	0.91	0.96	0.44	1.02
Completely Rural	1.19	0.70	*	1.72	1.06	0.78	1.98	2.45	1.28	0.71
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.40	0.43	0.84	0.80	0.44	0.50	0.60	0.67	0.66	0.73
100-199%	0.46	0.38	0.93	0.94	0.50	0.39	0.60	0.56	0.77	0.55
200% or More	0.15	0.19	0.54	0.60	0.15	0.20	0.26	0.29	0.17	0.25
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.52	0.51	1.07	1.41	0.57	0.54	0.67	0.74	0.84	0.74
High School Graduate	0.28	0.29	0.66	0.67	0.30	0.32	0.47	0.51	0.38	0.43
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.30	0.32	0.67	0.79	0.32	0.34	0.50	0.52	0.41	0.46
College Graduate	0.21	0.24	0.90	0.80	0.21	0.25	0.30	0.34	0.30	0.31
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.17	0.19	0.58	0.60	0.17	0.20	0.25	0.27	0.22	0.27
Medicaid/CHIP	0.40	0.40	0.68	0.81	0.46	0.45	0.63	0.60	0.68	0.70
Other³	0.26	0.27	1.23	1.34	0.26	0.27	0.92	1.02	0.28	0.27
No Coverage	0.53	0.54	0.97	1.15	0.60	0.63	0.61	0.71	1.45	1.16
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.74P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0262	0.6002	0.0241	0.5102	0.0137
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.9701	0.4003	0.7772	0.0965	0.3534
Midwest	0.0012	0.8245	0.0004	0.0007	0.1400
South	0.2903	0.6375	0.3158	0.5600	0.3935
West	0.5026	0.7510	0.3905	0.3768	0.0492
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.0079	0.1834	0.0132	0.1380	0.0325
Small Metro	0.7007	0.3243	0.9526	0.5291	0.6782
Nonmetro	0.1673	0.9481	0.1999	0.6230	0.0549
Urbanized	0.6719	0.6438	0.7665	0.5193	0.3798
Less Urbanized	0.0642	0.3140	0.0979	0.8875	0.0556
Completely Rural	0.2040	*	0.5264	0.9649	0.5862
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.0019	0.2006	0.0028	0.0354	0.0368
100-199%	0.6272	0.8656	0.4559	0.3648	0.7329
200% or More	0.1103	0.8039	0.0659	0.8716	0.0108
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.0119	0.0212	0.0673	0.1676	0.1582
High School Graduate	0.2657	0.6622	0.1996	0.3625	0.4016
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.4184	0.7109	0.4468	0.7044	0.1388
College Graduate	0.3687	0.6292	0.2784	0.7089	0.2073
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.2244	0.7222	0.1200	1.0000	0.0349
Medicaid/CHIP	0.8106	0.8025	0.8233	0.7898	0.4571
Other³	0.0417	0.3543	0.0529	0.2426	0.1250
No Coverage	0.0390	0.0550	0.1788	0.0987	0.9324
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.75C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
TOTAL	388	417	188	253	116	176
AGE GROUP
18-25	138	154	82	86	55	57
26 or Older	348	377	168	233	104	166
26-49	234	266	130	140	72	101
50 or Older	248	263	107	180	75	130
SEX
Male	247	295	116	188	66	122
Female	276	274	148	166	95	126
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	342	370	164	226	94	158
AIAN	10	21	6	11	5	7
Asian	132	97	44	53	29	14
Black or African American	119	149	61	95	51	62
NHPI	9	13	7	7	5	5
White	304	336	140	200	74	144
Two or More Races	108	70	27	33	17	26
Hispanic or Latino	161	172	91	87	67	70
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	282	331	116	197	55	129
Medicaid/CHIP	213	200	123	115	78	91
Other²	207	213	77	141	54	107
No Coverage	121	141	60	71	52	49
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	241	292	114	172	67	111
Part-Time	151	130	73	73	40	51
Unemployed	88	121	55	75	34	50
Other³	267	251	123	161	83	117
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.75D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
TOTAL	0.15	0.16	0.07	0.10	0.04	0.07
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.41	0.44	0.24	0.24	0.16	0.16
26 or Older	0.16	0.17	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.07
26-49	0.23	0.25	0.13	0.13	0.07	0.10
50 or Older	0.21	0.22	0.09	0.15	0.06	0.11
SEX
Male	0.20	0.23	0.09	0.15	0.05	0.10
Female	0.21	0.20	0.11	0.12	0.07	0.09
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.16	0.17	0.08	0.11	0.04	0.07
AIAN	0.96	1.75	0.52	0.98	0.47	0.62
Asian	0.81	0.56	0.27	0.31	0.18	0.08
Black or African American	0.37	0.45	0.20	0.30	0.16	0.19
NHPI	0.97	1.14	0.70	0.62	0.54	0.42
White	0.18	0.20	0.09	0.12	0.05	0.09
Two or More Races	1.89	1.20	0.51	0.58	0.32	0.47
Hispanic or Latino	0.36	0.36	0.20	0.18	0.15	0.15
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	0.17	0.19	0.07	0.12	0.03	0.08
Medicaid/CHIP	0.40	0.40	0.24	0.24	0.15	0.19
Other²	0.26	0.27	0.10	0.18	0.07	0.14
No Coverage	0.53	0.54	0.27	0.29	0.23	0.20
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.19	0.23	0.09	0.14	0.06	0.09
Part-Time	0.46	0.38	0.23	0.22	0.13	0.16
Unemployed	0.75	0.87	0.47	0.56	0.29	0.38
Other³	0.27	0.25	0.13	0.16	0.09	0.12
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.75P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)
TOTAL	0.0262	0.0063	0.0005
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.6002	0.8541	0.8859
26 or Older	0.0241	0.0023	0.0001
26-49	0.5102	0.2685	0.0735
50 or Older	0.0137	0.0018	0.0005
SEX
Male	0.0010	0.0011	0.0061
Female	0.9894	0.5421	0.0364
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0363	0.0119	0.0023
AIAN	0.1919	0.4293	0.6537
Asian	0.8833	0.7393	0.1440
Black or African American	0.0099	0.1550	0.3805
NHPI	0.9739	0.6054	0.5559
White	0.1554	0.0415	0.0016
Two or More Races	0.5747	0.2818	0.2995
Hispanic or Latino	0.3515	0.2301	0.0928
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	0.2244	0.0023	0.0005
Medicaid/CHIP	0.8106	0.8264	0.0671
Other²	0.0417	0.0024	0.0009
No Coverage	0.0390	0.4198	0.9543
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1939	0.0519	0.1685
Part-Time	0.7572	0.3938	0.3117
Unemployed	0.1052	0.9661	0.3726
Other³	0.1046	0.0111	0.0023
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.76C – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2023)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2024)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2023)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2024)
TOTAL	116	176	60	150	46	125
AGE GROUP
18-25	55	57	39	41	21	37
26 or Older	104	166	47	143	41	118
26-49	72	101	40	87	37	67
50 or Older	75	130	*	*	*	*
SEX
Male	66	122	38	110	30	97
Female	95	126	48	102	35	77
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	94	158	58	133	44	115
AIAN	5	7	*	*	*	*
Asian	29	14	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	51	62	*	*	*	*
NHPI	5	5	*	*	*	*
White	74	144	43	120	34	105
Two or More Races	17	26	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	67	70	*	*	*	*
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	55	129	35	117	16	*
Medicaid/CHIP	78	91	*	66	32	58
Other²	54	107	*	*	*	*
No Coverage	52	49	*	*	*	*
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	67	111	43	103	29	*
Part-Time	40	51	*	*	*	*
Unemployed	34	50	*	*	*	*
Other³	83	117	*	98	26	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.76D – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2023)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2024)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2023)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2024)
TOTAL	0.04	0.07	3.65	3.72	3.00	3.96
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.16	0.16	4.03	4.21	2.93	4.08
26 or Older	0.05	0.07	5.93	4.93	5.08	5.40
26-49	0.07	0.10	6.08	5.48	5.60	6.01
50 or Older	0.06	0.11	*	*	*	*
SEX
Male	0.05	0.10	4.80	5.03	4.21	5.78
Female	0.07	0.09	5.29	5.32	4.13	5.17
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.04	0.07	3.91	4.22	3.32	4.48
AIAN	0.47	0.62	*	*	*	*
Asian	0.18	0.08	*	*	*	*
Black or African American	0.16	0.19	*	*	*	*
NHPI	0.54	0.42	*	*	*	*
White	0.05	0.09	4.71	5.27	4.04	5.71
Two or More Races	0.32	0.47	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.15	0.15	*	*	*	*
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	0.03	0.08	5.40	5.39	3.22	*
Medicaid/CHIP	0.15	0.19	*	5.70	5.35	5.54
Other²	0.07	0.14	*	*	*	*
No Coverage	0.23	0.20	*	*	*	*
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.06	0.09	6.17	5.92	4.94	*
Part-Time	0.13	0.16	*	*	*	*
Unemployed	0.29	0.38	*	*	*	*
Other³	0.09	0.12	*	6.13	5.42	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.76P – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt or Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Attempted Suicide in Past Year; by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2023)	Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide (2023)
TOTAL	0.0005	0.0000	0.0000
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.8859	0.1705	0.0041
26 or Older	0.0001	0.0002	0.0026
26-49	0.0735	0.0076	0.0427
50 or Older	0.0005	*	*
SEX
Male	0.0061	0.0010	0.0002
Female	0.0364	0.0084	0.0283
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0023	0.0012	0.0003
AIAN	0.6537	*	*
Asian	0.1440	*	*
Black or African American	0.3805	*	*
NHPI	0.5559	*	*
White	0.0016	0.0027	0.0014
Two or More Races	0.2995	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.0928	*	*
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	0.0005	0.0001	*
Medicaid/CHIP	0.0671	*	0.3030
Other²	0.0009	*	*
No Coverage	0.9543	*	*
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.1685	0.0037	*
Part-Time	0.3117	*	*
Unemployed	0.3726	*	*
Other³	0.0023	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.77C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Substance Use in Past Year, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	282	289	134	179	77	122
Marijuana	263	271	123	161	76	117
Cocaine	87	74	46	40	33	23
Crack	42	25	21	18	18	17
Heroin	15	30	12	15	12	10
Hallucinogens	108	123	63	79	39	28
LSD	50	42	27	16	20	10
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	54	37	30	26	22	20
Psilocybin	--	110	--	76	--	22
Inhalants²	--	49	--	24	--	19
Methamphetamine	86	63	39	34	31	29
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	156	143	81	91	56	68
Pain Relievers	119	106	69	71	48	61
Prescription Opioids	116	106	68	71	48	60
Stimulants	67	72	40	38	28	24
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	111	83	63	54	38	32
Tranquilizers	102	81	62	53	37	31
Sedatives	49	23	11	12	9	9
Benzodiazepines	100	77	55	52	30	31
Opioids^1,3	116	109	68	72	48	61
Central Nervous System Stimulants	122	105	64	59	46	36
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	187	--	123	--	75
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁵	248	267	120	162	77	105
Tobacco Products⁵	222	229	108	138	71	81
Cigarettes	203	210	99	130	68	78
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	65	88	30	48	19	32
Cigars	120	130	65	74	43	38
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	189	203	96	127	62	96
ALCOHOL	356	360	157	207	89	127
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL³	119	113	69	77	48	67
Illegally Made Fentanyl	32	*	22	32	17	32
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.77D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Substance Use in Past Year, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	0.39	0.37	0.20	0.25	0.11	0.17
Marijuana	0.41	0.40	0.21	0.25	0.13	0.19
Cocaine	1.65	1.65	0.94	0.93	0.65	0.56
Crack	3.96	3.58	2.07	2.62	1.79	2.33
Heroin	2.39	4.24	1.79	2.74	1.86	1.88
Hallucinogens	1.19	1.15	0.74	0.78	0.46	0.29
LSD	2.93	2.37	1.69	1.05	1.29	0.70
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	2.38	1.89	1.42	1.32	1.03	1.02
Psilocybin	--	1.34	--	0.97	--	0.29
Inhalants²	--	2.15	--	1.11	--	0.91
Methamphetamine	3.03	2.52	1.50	1.47	1.20	1.24
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.10	0.99	0.60	0.66	0.40	0.51
Pain Relievers	1.42	1.29	0.86	0.91	0.59	0.78
Prescription Opioids	1.47	1.35	0.88	0.95	0.61	0.82
Stimulants	1.69	1.85	1.07	1.01	0.76	0.65
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.21	1.78	1.35	1.18	0.83	0.72
Tranquilizers	2.32	2.02	1.55	1.37	0.95	0.85
Sedatives	4.74	2.89	1.17	1.48	0.98	1.10
Benzodiazepines	2.49	2.19	1.50	1.53	0.83	0.96
Opioids^1,3	1.43	1.33	0.85	0.94	0.59	0.80
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.25	1.13	0.70	0.66	0.49	0.41
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	0.72	--	0.50	--	0.32
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁵	0.31	0.33	0.16	0.21	0.10	0.14
Tobacco Products⁵	0.34	0.36	0.17	0.22	0.11	0.13
Cigarettes	0.40	0.42	0.21	0.27	0.14	0.17
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.71	0.94	0.33	0.53	0.21	0.35
Cigars	0.61	0.69	0.33	0.40	0.22	0.21
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.51	0.50	0.27	0.33	0.18	0.26
ALCOHOL	0.19	0.19	0.09	0.12	0.05	0.07
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL³	1.43	1.33	0.84	0.98	0.58	0.86
Illegally Made Fentanyl	4.78	*	3.45	4.62	2.76	4.63
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.77P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Substance Use in Past Year, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	0.6147	0.2638	0.2025
Marijuana	0.4773	0.4633	0.4516
Cocaine	0.3377	0.9333	0.3968
Crack	0.7622	0.4887	0.6598
Heroin	0.0059	0.1694	0.9105
Hallucinogens	0.2484	0.3581	0.0565
LSD	0.2066	0.0635	0.1475
PCP	*	*	*
Ecstasy	0.0967	0.8856	0.8017
Psilocybin	--	--	--
Inhalants²	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.5994	0.3814	0.3573
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.2778	0.8005	0.7758
Pain Relievers	0.8087	0.8332	0.8059
Prescription Opioids	0.9478	0.9050	0.7704
Stimulants	0.8569	0.5586	0.6303
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.0598	0.2291	0.2993
Tranquilizers	0.1056	0.1794	0.2744
Sedatives	0.4934	0.3322	0.4379
Benzodiazepines	0.2154	0.7389	0.9205
Opioids^1,3	0.6032	0.8938	0.8839
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.7774	0.6912	0.4328
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁵	0.0380	0.0593	0.2460
Tobacco Products⁵	0.0344	0.1969	0.7164
Cigarettes	0.0549	0.1888	0.7761
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.0108	0.0245	0.0570
Cigars	0.2502	0.9882	0.3519
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.8508	0.2126	0.2168
ALCOHOL	0.2654	0.2123	0.0423
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL³	0.5247	0.5146	0.5150
Illegally Made Fentanyl	*	0.3759	0.2155
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250528

Table 6.78C – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	282	289	134	179	77	122
Marijuana	263	271	123	161	76	117
Cocaine	87	74	46	40	33	23
Crack	42	25	21	18	18	17
Heroin	15	30	12	15	12	10
Hallucinogens	108	123	63	79	39	28
LSD	50	42	27	16	20	10
PCP	27	12	5	10	5	9
Ecstasy	54	37	30	26	22	20
Psilocybin	--	110	--	76	--	22
Inhalants²	--	49	--	24	--	19
Methamphetamine	86	63	39	34	31	29
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	156	143	81	91	56	68
Pain Relievers	119	106	69	71	48	61
Prescription Opioids	116	106	68	71	48	60
Stimulants	67	72	40	38	28	24
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	111	83	63	54	38	32
Tranquilizers	102	81	62	53	37	31
Sedatives	49	23	11	12	9	9
Benzodiazepines	100	77	55	52	30	31
Opioids^1,3	116	109	68	72	48	61
Central Nervous System Stimulants	122	105	64	59	46	36
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	187	--	123	--	75
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁵	248	267	120	162	77	105
Tobacco Products⁵	222	229	108	138	71	81
Cigarettes	203	210	99	130	68	78
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	65	88	30	48	19	32
Cigars	120	130	65	74	43	38
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	189	203	96	127	62	96
ALCOHOL	356	360	157	207	89	127
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL³	119	113	69	77	48	67
Illegally Made Fentanyl	32	51	22	32	17	32
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.78D – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	1.43	1.46	2.65	2.64	4.23	4.05
Marijuana	1.41	1.41	2.66	2.48	4.14	4.03
Cocaine	0.66	0.51	1.21	0.85	2.17	1.07
Crack	0.32	0.18	0.56	0.40	1.22	0.76
Heroin	0.12	0.21	0.32	0.33	0.83	0.46
Hallucinogens	0.81	0.80	1.60	1.59	2.56	1.33
LSD	0.39	0.29	0.72	0.35	1.39	0.48
PCP	0.21	0.08	0.14	0.21	0.34	0.43
Ecstasy	0.42	0.26	0.81	0.56	1.47	0.91
Psilocybin	--	0.73	--	1.54	--	1.02
Inhalants²	--	0.34	--	0.53	--	0.91
Methamphetamine	0.65	0.44	1.03	0.74	2.08	1.32
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.10	0.94	2.00	1.81	3.34	2.83
Pain Relievers	0.87	0.72	1.74	1.46	3.01	2.58
Prescription Opioids	0.87	0.72	1.72	1.45	3.00	2.57
Stimulants	0.52	0.50	1.07	0.83	1.89	1.08
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.82	0.57	1.61	1.13	2.48	1.42
Tranquilizers	0.77	0.55	1.60	1.12	2.43	1.39
Sedatives	0.38	0.16	0.30	0.25	0.66	0.41
Benzodiazepines	0.75	0.53	1.42	1.10	2.01	1.39
Opioids^1,3	0.86	0.73	1.72	1.46	3.01	2.58
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.90	0.71	1.63	1.28	2.94	1.67
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	1.16	--	2.28	--	3.14
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁵	1.46	1.41	2.51	2.59	4.00	3.94
Tobacco Products⁵	1.34	1.30	2.37	2.34	3.89	3.36
Cigarettes	1.31	1.25	2.27	2.28	3.83	3.25
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.49	0.58	0.79	0.96	1.31	1.41
Cigars	0.86	0.85	1.68	1.48	2.81	1.74
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	1.25	1.19	2.28	2.21	3.79	3.65
ALCOHOL	1.49	1.31	2.38	2.54	4.18	3.94
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL³	0.88	0.76	1.74	1.54	3.03	2.80
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.25	0.35	0.58	0.67	1.14	1.42
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.78P – Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	0.0192	0.2737	0.0711
Marijuana	0.0135	0.1676	0.0296
Cocaine	0.0098	0.1241	0.0085
Crack	0.5069	0.7242	0.4099
Heroin	0.0755	0.5259	0.2978
Hallucinogens	0.5861	0.2275	0.0055
LSD	0.0742	0.0179	0.0345
PCP	0.8173	0.2549	0.4093
Ecstasy	0.0253	0.3444	0.4338
Psilocybin	--	--	--
Inhalants²	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.7019	0.8498	0.6985
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.0109	0.0468	0.0134
Pain Relievers	0.1629	0.1076	0.0441
Prescription Opioids	0.2540	0.1222	0.0386
Stimulants	0.6039	0.7656	0.1195
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.0083	0.0237	0.0131
Tranquilizers	0.0184	0.0171	0.0126
Sedatives	0.2170	0.9101	0.8402
Benzodiazepines	0.0220	0.1212	0.1012
Opioids^1,3	0.4257	0.1704	0.0462
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.0680	0.1942	0.0061
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING⁵	0.9804	0.4703	0.0195
Tobacco Products⁵	0.8908	0.1672	0.0027
Cigarettes	0.9835	0.3558	0.0077
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	0.0804	0.2014	0.5506
Cigars	0.4587	0.0433	0.0012
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--
Nicotine Vaping	0.3957	0.6168	0.2431
ALCOHOL	0.0701	0.0276	0.0673
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL³	0.4866	0.3764	0.1959
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2905	0.6349	0.6583
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use (as well as tobacco product use or nicotine vaping) in the past year exclude past year pipe tobacco use, but include past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.79C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2023)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	388	417	388	417	188	253	188	253	116	176	116	176
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	265	241	901	915	132	146	950	969	70	106	964	985
DRUGS	209	201	638	648	111	112	688	705	60	99	694	711
Marijuana	183	175	484	514	96	87	528	564	56	77	539	572
Cocaine	47	28	114	122	28	22	120	123	17	17	123	124
Heroin	15	32	93	63	13	19	94	76	13	9	94	78
Hallucinogens	22	*	51	*	17	16	54	58	16	7	53	60
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	73	54	165	142	39	22	177	152	31	20	179	152
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	100	113	328	323	73	83	338	335	39	68	342	339
Pain Relievers	78	91	295	279	59	76	304	287	37	60	305	288
Prescription Opioids	74	90	271	265	58	75	279	273	37	59	280	275
Stimulants	49	59	114	103	28	35	119	114	19	30	121	117
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	75	57	148	156	60	41	155	164	32	25	163	168
Tranquilizers	61	54	132	120	47	38	138	128	31	24	142	133
Sedatives	57	32	88	102	*	23	*	106	*	14	*	107
Opioids¹	75	93	281	267	58	77	289	278	37	60	290	279
Central Nervous System Stimulants	94	83	225	202	49	44	240	217	35	38	243	220
ALCOHOL	190	156	616	622	94	98	645	646	55	51	654	658
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	117	96	275	277	62	45	293	300	41	32	299	303
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	173	173	533	546	91	103	565	583	44	93	569	584
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	137	121	542	553	67	84	559	564	35	40	565	576
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	307	365	2,928	2,950	143	208	2,996	3,017	97	142	3,007	3,037
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.79D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2023)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.07	0.10	0.07	0.10	0.04	0.07	0.04	0.07
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.53	0.47	0.53	0.47	0.28	0.31	0.28	0.31	0.15	0.23	0.15	0.23
DRUGS	0.74	0.66	0.74	0.66	0.44	0.41	0.44	0.41	0.23	0.37	0.23	0.37
Marijuana	0.89	0.77	0.89	0.77	0.51	0.43	0.51	0.43	0.30	0.39	0.30	0.39
Cocaine	3.61	2.44	3.61	2.44	2.28	1.87	2.28	1.87	1.39	1.46	1.39	1.46
Heroin	2.61	4.93	2.61	4.93	2.23	3.92	2.23	3.92	2.29	1.90	2.29	1.90
Hallucinogens	5.42	*	5.42	*	4.21	4.54	4.21	4.54	4.06	2.10	4.06	2.10
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	3.78	3.22	3.78	3.22	2.14	1.42	2.14	1.42	1.72	1.31	1.72	1.31
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.34	1.49	1.34	1.49	1.00	1.12	1.00	1.12	0.54	0.93	0.54	0.93
Pain Relievers	1.52	1.85	1.52	1.85	1.17	1.57	1.17	1.57	0.73	1.25	0.73	1.25
Prescription Opioids	1.62	1.95	1.62	1.95	1.29	1.67	1.29	1.67	0.81	1.33	0.81	1.33
Stimulants	3.13	3.01	3.13	3.01	1.85	2.00	1.85	2.00	1.29	1.73	1.29	1.73
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	3.18	2.73	3.18	2.73	2.64	2.04	2.64	2.04	1.50	1.29	1.50	1.29
Tranquilizers	3.42	3.46	3.42	3.46	2.68	2.64	2.68	2.64	1.84	1.71	1.84	1.71
Sedatives	5.99	4.19	5.99	4.19	*	3.05	*	3.05	*	1.90	*	1.90
Opioids¹	1.51	1.90	1.51	1.90	1.21	1.63	1.21	1.63	0.77	1.27	0.77	1.27
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2.14	1.86	2.14	1.86	1.18	1.07	1.18	1.07	0.86	0.91	0.86	0.91
ALCOHOL	0.64	0.54	0.64	0.54	0.33	0.35	0.33	0.35	0.20	0.19	0.20	0.19
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	1.48	1.20	1.48	1.20	0.84	0.63	0.84	0.63	0.57	0.44	0.57	0.44
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.89	0.82	0.89	0.82	0.50	0.53	0.50	0.53	0.24	0.47	0.24	0.47
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.63	0.58	0.63	0.58	0.32	0.41	0.32	0.41	0.17	0.20	0.17	0.20
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.16	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.06
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.79P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide, Made Any Suicide Plans, and Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.0262	0.0262	0.0063	0.0063	0.0005	0.0005
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.3440	0.3440	0.6678	0.6678	0.1294	0.1294
DRUGS	0.2620	0.2620	0.5919	0.5919	0.2266	0.2266
Marijuana	0.1017	0.1017	0.2958	0.2958	0.7696	0.7696
Cocaine	0.2765	0.2765	0.7915	0.7915	0.8413	0.8413
Heroin	0.0016	0.0016	0.1672	0.1672	0.7120	0.7120
Hallucinogens	*	*	0.9489	0.9489	0.1913	0.1913
Inhalants	*	*	*	*	*	*
Methamphetamine	0.6681	0.6681	0.8262	0.8262	0.8261	0.8261
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.7480	0.7480	0.9765	0.9765	0.1329	0.1329
Pain Relievers	0.3738	0.3738	0.3745	0.3745	0.3612	0.3612
Prescription Opioids	0.3386	0.3386	0.4317	0.4317	0.4721	0.4721
Stimulants	0.6084	0.6084	0.7506	0.7506	0.1664	0.1664
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.2931	0.2931	0.7529	0.7529	0.8815	0.8815
Tranquilizers	0.9464	0.9464	0.6352	0.6352	0.9693	0.9693
Sedatives	0.1929	0.1929	*	*	*	*
Opioids¹	0.1199	0.1199	0.2439	0.2439	0.3757	0.3757
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.6357	0.6357	0.6985	0.6985	0.2604	0.2604
ALCOHOL	0.0678	0.0678	0.5852	0.5852	0.4137	0.4137
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.0088	0.0088	0.0034	0.0034	0.0517	0.0517
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.7740	0.7740	0.3212	0.3212	0.0145	0.0145
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.5694	0.5694	0.1909	0.1909	0.5206	0.5206
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.0002	0.0002	0.0013	0.0013	0.0016	0.0016
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.80C – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2023)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	423	457	3,384	3,392	191	264	3,500	3,487	118	179	3,514	3,525
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	265	241	901	915	132	146	950	969	70	106	964	985
DRUGS	209	201	638	648	111	112	688	705	60	99	694	711
Marijuana	183	175	484	514	96	87	528	564	56	77	539	572
Cocaine	47	28	114	122	28	22	120	123	17	17	123	124
Heroin	15	32	93	63	13	19	94	76	13	9	94	78
Hallucinogens	22	24	51	55	17	16	54	58	16	7	53	60
Inhalants	20	17	46	50	6	13	49	51	7	11	49	52
Methamphetamine	73	54	165	142	39	22	177	152	31	20	179	152
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	100	113	328	323	73	83	338	335	39	68	342	339
Pain Relievers	78	91	295	279	59	76	304	287	37	60	305	288
Prescription Opioids	74	90	271	265	58	75	279	273	37	59	280	275
Stimulants	49	59	114	103	28	35	119	114	19	30	121	117
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	75	57	148	156	60	41	155	164	32	25	163	168
Tranquilizers	61	54	132	120	47	38	138	128	31	24	142	133
Sedatives	57	32	88	102	50	23	92	106	28	14	100	107
Opioids¹	75	93	281	267	58	77	289	278	37	60	290	279
Central Nervous System Stimulants	94	83	225	202	49	44	240	217	35	38	243	220
ALCOHOL	190	156	616	622	94	98	645	646	55	51	654	658
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	117	96	275	277	62	45	293	300	41	32	299	303
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	173	173	533	546	91	103	565	583	44	93	569	584
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	137	121	542	553	67	84	559	564	35	40	565	576
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	307	365	2,928	2,950	143	208	2,996	3,017	97	142	3,007	3,037
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.80D – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2023)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2024)
TOTAL POPULATION	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	1.50	1.35	0.29	0.30	2.69	2.52	0.29	0.30	4.16	3.83	0.29	0.30
DRUGS	1.32	1.22	0.23	0.23	2.52	2.17	0.23	0.24	3.72	3.70	0.23	0.24
Marijuana	1.20	1.09	0.18	0.19	2.28	1.81	0.19	0.20	3.42	3.15	0.19	0.20
Cocaine	0.36	0.20	0.05	0.05	0.75	0.47	0.05	0.05	1.15	0.79	0.05	0.05
Heroin	0.11	0.22	0.04	0.03	0.35	0.41	0.04	0.03	0.90	0.42	0.04	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.17	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.45	0.35	0.02	0.02	1.11	0.32	0.02	0.02
Inhalants	0.15	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.17	0.28	0.02	0.02	0.49	0.51	0.02	0.02
Methamphetamine	0.56	0.37	0.07	0.06	1.01	0.47	0.07	0.06	2.04	0.94	0.07	0.06
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.79	0.76	0.13	0.13	1.86	1.70	0.13	0.13	2.58	2.83	0.13	0.13
Pain Relievers	0.61	0.62	0.12	0.11	1.53	1.56	0.11	0.11	2.40	2.57	0.11	0.11
Prescription Opioids	0.58	0.61	0.11	0.11	1.50	1.54	0.11	0.10	2.39	2.54	0.11	0.10
Stimulants	0.38	0.41	0.05	0.04	0.75	0.75	0.05	0.04	1.31	1.34	0.05	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.58	0.39	0.06	0.06	1.55	0.87	0.06	0.06	2.13	1.13	0.06	0.06
Tranquilizers	0.48	0.37	0.05	0.05	1.23	0.82	0.05	0.05	2.08	1.08	0.05	0.05
Sedatives	0.44	0.22	0.04	0.04	1.30	0.49	0.04	0.04	1.88	0.64	0.04	0.04
Opioids¹	0.58	0.64	0.11	0.11	1.51	1.57	0.11	0.11	2.42	2.56	0.11	0.11
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.71	0.58	0.09	0.08	1.26	0.96	0.09	0.08	2.31	1.73	0.09	0.08
ALCOHOL	1.28	0.98	0.22	0.22	2.24	1.89	0.22	0.22	3.48	2.31	0.22	0.22
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.87	0.65	0.11	0.11	1.62	1.00	0.11	0.11	2.71	1.45	0.11	0.11
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	1.17	1.09	0.19	0.20	2.16	2.00	0.19	0.20	2.85	3.59	0.19	0.20
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.97	0.79	0.20	0.20	1.67	1.63	0.20	0.20	2.31	1.82	0.20	0.20
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	1.50	1.35	0.29	0.30	2.69	2.52	0.29	0.30	4.16	3.83	0.29	0.30
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.80P – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	No Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Did Not Make Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Did Not Attempt Suicide (2023)
TOTAL POPULATION	da	da	da	da	da	da
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.0006	0.8704	0.0219	0.5204	0.1491	0.4403
DRUGS	0.0196	0.2307	0.0159	0.3644	0.3317	0.5205
Marijuana	0.0293	0.0294	0.0194	0.0706	0.0381	0.0969
Cocaine	0.1396	0.8423	0.3573	0.9023	0.2292	0.8717
Heroin	0.0463	0.0949	0.4651	0.2585	0.2526	0.4044
Hallucinogens	0.6136	0.8264	0.5368	0.8057	0.0816	0.9957
Inhalants	0.8669	0.6134	0.1973	0.8353	0.9697	0.6914
Methamphetamine	0.6540	0.2847	0.2785	0.3535	0.3772	0.3087
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.4874	0.5212	0.2118	0.5477	0.9784	0.3822
Pain Relievers	0.9212	0.2362	0.8420	0.2328	0.7418	0.2350
Prescription Opioids	0.8240	0.4486	0.8972	0.4868	0.6778	0.5083
Stimulants	0.6393	0.5651	0.9193	0.4531	0.5341	0.5591
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.0751	0.8602	0.2103	0.5516	0.1797	0.4903
Tranquilizers	0.2184	0.2488	0.4458	0.1411	0.1909	0.1794
Sedatives	0.1255	0.7433	0.1453	0.8939	0.3657	0.8416
Opioids¹	0.5089	0.2335	0.8829	0.2950	0.7289	0.3363
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.7844	0.7329	0.4840	0.7948	0.7345	0.7049
ALCOHOL	0.0001	0.3077	0.0035	0.1064	0.0006	0.0940
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	0.0008	0.3423	0.0000	0.6110	0.0003	0.8466
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	0.6770	0.3791	0.8908	0.4262	0.2040	0.5100
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	0.0338	0.1026	0.9368	0.0366	0.3057	0.0483
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	0.0006	0.8704	0.0219	0.5204	0.1491	0.4403
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.81C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	388	417	71	65	401	447
AGE GROUP
18-49	279	321	68	55	306	353
18-25	138	154	19	24	161	174
26-34	172	179	41	27	177	186
35-49	163	176	51	42	161	178
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	247	295	61	59	252	309
Male 18-49	194	227	59	49	201	243
Female 18 or Older	276	274	35	28	276	283
Female 18-49	185	208	33	25	200	219
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.81D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.15	0.16	2.08	1.93	0.15	0.16
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.20	0.23	2.46	2.06	0.20	0.23
18-25	0.41	0.44	3.27	4.25	0.41	0.45
26-34	0.43	0.44	4.23	3.26	0.42	0.44
35-49	0.26	0.27	4.04	3.42	0.25	0.27
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.20	0.23	2.59	2.42	0.20	0.23
Male 18-49	0.28	0.32	3.07	2.56	0.28	0.33
Female 18 or Older	0.21	0.20	3.42	3.08	0.20	0.20
Female 18-49	0.27	0.29	3.90	3.47	0.27	0.30
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.81P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.0262	0.6070	0.0256
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.4233	0.7552	0.3992
18-25	0.6002	0.6561	0.6177
26-34	0.6748	0.8199	0.8447
35-49	0.1471	0.7423	0.1811
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.0010	0.6170	0.0011
Male 18-49	0.0185	0.7787	0.0142
Female 18 or Older	0.9894	0.8692	0.9905
Female 18-49	0.2083	0.8891	0.2041
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.82C – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	388	417	25	35	411	454
AGE GROUP
18-49	279	321	19	35	316	359
18-25	138	154	15	*	163	176
26-34	172	179	7	*	183	188
35-49	163	176	10	*	170	181
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	247	295	24	34	258	314
Male 18-49	194	227	17	33	208	248
Female 18 or Older	276	274	8	11	283	283
Female 18-49	185	208	8	11	204	221
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.82D – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.15	0.16	1.67	2.12	0.15	0.16
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.20	0.23	1.72	2.67	0.20	0.23
18-25	0.41	0.44	5.61	*	0.41	0.45
26-34	0.43	0.44	2.17	*	0.43	0.44
35-49	0.26	0.27	1.73	*	0.26	0.27
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.20	0.23	2.07	2.55	0.20	0.24
Male 18-49	0.28	0.32	2.08	3.18	0.28	0.33
Female 18 or Older	0.21	0.20	2.27	3.17	0.20	0.20
Female 18-49	0.27	0.29	2.92	4.20	0.27	0.30
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.82P – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.0262	0.4176	0.0275
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.4233	0.2004	0.4508
18-25	0.6002	*	0.5412
26-34	0.6748	*	0.6939
35-49	0.1471	*	0.2100
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.0010	0.5600	0.0012
Male 18-49	0.0185	0.3320	0.0178
Female 18 or Older	0.9894	0.4193	0.9765
Female 18-49	0.2083	0.3195	0.1824
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.83C – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 (2024)	Other People Aged 18-22¹ (2023)	Other People Aged 18-22¹ (2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	79	83	97	97
Made Any Suicide Plans	47	40	52	51
Attempted Suicide	21	26	35	35
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	21	21
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	17	18
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	158	138	159	168
Serious Mental Illness	70	65	86	80
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	123	112	126	142
No Mental Illness	205	214	271	287
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	105	93	115	109
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	128	--	154
Inpatient	--	20	--	41
Outpatient	--	103	--	117
Prescription Medication	104	94	105	125
Telehealth Treatment⁶	117	99	97	116
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	17	14	21	25
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.83D – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 (2024)	Other People Aged 18-22¹ (2023)	Other People Aged 18-22¹ (2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	0.92	0.97	0.65	0.67
Made Any Suicide Plans	0.64	0.51	0.38	0.36
Attempted Suicide	0.29	0.35	0.25	0.24
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	4.82	5.36
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	4.40	4.89
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	1.41	1.37	0.94	0.99
Serious Mental Illness	0.85	0.79	0.60	0.55
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	1.21	1.22	0.81	0.88
No Mental Illness	1.41	1.37	0.94	0.99
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	1.15	1.09	0.74	0.71
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	1.31	--	0.94
Inpatient	--	0.27	--	0.29
Outpatient	--	1.15	--	0.75
Prescription Medication	1.16	1.06	0.68	0.81
Telehealth Treatment⁶	1.23	1.12	0.65	0.76
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.24	0.18	0.16	0.18
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.83P – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Other People Aged 18-22¹ (2023)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	0.7838	0.6066
Made Any Suicide Plans	0.6766	0.2999
Attempted Suicide	0.5228	0.4339
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	0.8510
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	0.9777
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	0.7549	0.7979
Serious Mental Illness	0.2428	0.2102
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	0.6524	0.5568
No Mental Illness	0.7549	0.7979
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	0.1547	0.3753
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	--
Inpatient	--	--
Outpatient	--	--
Prescription Medication	0.6160	0.1438
Telehealth Treatment⁶	0.3616	0.8711
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.2422	0.4001
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.84C – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Males Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22 (2024)	Other Males Aged 18-22¹ (2023)	Other Males Aged 18-22¹ (2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	39	57	64	74
Made Any Suicide Plans	26	29	33	40
Attempted Suicide	18	13	24	27
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	*	*
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	9	*
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	82	83	97	111
Serious Mental Illness	33	42	55	59
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	73	68	84	90
No Mental Illness	138	148	196	203
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	51	54	69	72
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	78	--	96
Inpatient	--	15	--	22
Outpatient	--	58	--	76
Prescription Medication	49	56	61	80
Telehealth Treatment⁶	59	57	58	70
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	9	1	20	19
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.84D – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Males Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22 (2024)	Other Males Aged 18-22¹ (2023)	Other Males Aged 18-22¹ (2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	1.11	1.49	0.83	0.92
Made Any Suicide Plans	0.79	0.79	0.45	0.53
Attempted Suicide	0.54	0.37	0.33	0.36
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	*	*
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	5.09	*
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	1.93	1.97	1.16	1.27
Serious Mental Illness	0.96	1.11	0.74	0.75
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	1.80	1.73	1.08	1.08
No Mental Illness	1.93	1.97	1.16	1.27
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	1.45	1.41	0.91	0.90
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	1.92	--	1.16
Inpatient	--	0.44	--	0.30
Outpatient	--	1.51	--	0.95
Prescription Medication	1.39	1.48	0.80	1.00
Telehealth Treatment⁶	1.59	1.52	0.77	0.87
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.27	0.03	0.27	0.25
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.84P – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Males Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time Male College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Other Males Aged 18-22¹ (2023)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	0.0038	0.0615
Made Any Suicide Plans	0.2510	0.4172
Attempted Suicide	0.4219	0.9511
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	0.7818	0.3687
Serious Mental Illness	0.2894	0.8076
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	0.7355	0.3912
No Mental Illness	0.7818	0.3687
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	0.8963	0.5550
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	--
Inpatient	--	--
Outpatient	--	--
Prescription Medication	0.6107	0.1838
Telehealth Treatment⁶	0.5989	0.7687
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.0549	0.9399
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.85C – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Females Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22 (2024)	Other Females Aged 18-22¹ (2023)	Other Females Aged 18-22¹ (2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	67	57	69	61
Made Any Suicide Plans	40	28	39	32
Attempted Suicide	13	23	25	22
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	*	*
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	*	*
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	120	104	116	121
Serious Mental Illness	63	50	63	57
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	85	85	93	104
No Mental Illness	120	128	150	162
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	86	73	85	81
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	96	--	111
Inpatient	--	13	--	34
Outpatient	--	81	--	87
Prescription Medication	85	71	82	89
Telehealth Treatment⁶	91	78	76	90
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	15	14	8	17
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.85D – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Females Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22 (2024)	Other Females Aged 18-22¹ (2023)	Other Females Aged 18-22¹ (2024)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	1.39	1.28	1.01	0.93
Made Any Suicide Plans	0.98	0.68	0.61	0.50
Attempted Suicide	0.33	0.57	0.39	0.34
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	*	*
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*	*	*
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	1.93	1.89	1.43	1.47
Serious Mental Illness	1.34	1.14	0.93	0.86
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	1.61	1.69	1.25	1.32
No Mental Illness	1.93	1.89	1.43	1.47
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	1.67	1.52	1.12	1.13
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	1.73	--	1.40
Inpatient	--	0.33	--	0.52
Outpatient	--	1.60	--	1.17
Prescription Medication	1.70	1.47	1.12	1.24
Telehealth Treatment⁶	1.69	1.59	1.08	1.24
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.38	0.35	0.14	0.26
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.85P – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior and Treatment Resulting from a Suicide Attempt, Levels of Mental Illness, Major Depressive Episode, and Mental Health Treatment in Past Year: Among Females Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Past Year Mental Health Measure	Full-Time Female College Students Aged 18-22 (2023)	Other Females Aged 18-22¹ (2023)
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT RESULTING FROM A SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide	0.0257	0.2496
Made Any Suicide Plans	0.1483	0.0285
Attempted Suicide	0.1484	0.2314
Received Medical Attention for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*
Stayed Overnight or Longer in a Hospital for Suicide Attempt among People Who Attempted Suicide	*	*
LEVEL OF MENTAL ILLNESS²
Any Mental Illness	0.5581	0.2147
Serious Mental Illness	0.0280	0.0524
Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	0.3304	0.9917
No Mental Illness	0.5581	0.2147
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE³	0.0570	0.0692
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT^4,5	--	--
Inpatient	--	--
Outpatient	--	--
Prescription Medication	0.3257	0.4041
Telehealth Treatment⁶	0.4842	0.6738
Prison, Jail, or Juvenile Detention Center	0.6956	0.1802
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. Mental illness estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ³ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ⁴ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types/locations for receiving mental health treatment; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Respondents who reported that they received telehealth treatment (i.e., over the phone or through video) were not asked for the type or location of providers for the telehealth treatment they received. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.86C – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode, Receipt of Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2023)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE¹
Major Depressive Episode	276	257	160	142	93	90	458	461
No Major Depressive Episode	297	347	104	205	73	153	3,221	3,214
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT²
Mental Health Treatment	--	305	--	176	--	129	--	1,103
No Mental Health Treatment	--	310	--	186	--	120	--	2,769
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment³	--	115	--	50	--	15	--	330
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment³	--	277	--	179	--	118	--	2,681
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER⁴
Substance Use Disorder	265	241	132	146	70	106	898	911
Alcohol Use Disorder	190	156	94	98	55	51	615	619
Drug Use Disorder	209	201	111	112	60	99	637	647
No Substance Use Disorder	307	365	143	208	97	142	2,926	2,950
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS⁵
Serious Psychological Distress	328	338	178	200	110	134	609	650
No Serious Psychological Distress	239	280	74	162	43	119	3,131	3,081
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT^6,7
Substance Use Treatment	--	123	--	84	--	85	--	359
No Substance Use Treatment	--	435	--	243	--	155	--	3,310
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ³ Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. ⁴ Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ⁵ Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.86D – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode, Receipt of Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2023)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE¹
Major Depressive Episode	0.94	1.00	0.68	0.62	0.41	0.41	0.95	1.00
No Major Depressive Episode	0.12	0.14	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.06	0.12	0.14
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT²
Mental Health Treatment	--	0.48	--	0.28	--	0.22	--	0.49
No Mental Health Treatment	--	0.14	--	0.09	--	0.06	--	0.15
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment³	--	1.06	--	0.50	--	0.15	--	1.06
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment³	--	0.14	--	0.09	--	0.06	--	0.14
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER⁴
Substance Use Disorder	0.53	0.47	0.28	0.31	0.15	0.23	0.54	0.47
Alcohol Use Disorder	0.64	0.54	0.33	0.35	0.20	0.19	0.65	0.54
Drug Use Disorder	0.74	0.66	0.44	0.41	0.23	0.37	0.76	0.66
No Substance Use Disorder	0.14	0.16	0.07	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.14	0.16
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS⁵
Serious Psychological Distress	0.71	0.76	0.46	0.51	0.30	0.36	0.72	0.78
No Serious Psychological Distress	0.11	0.12	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.05	0.11	0.12
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT^6,7
Substance Use Treatment	--	1.21	--	0.86	--	0.87	--	1.23
No Substance Use Treatment	--	0.16	--	0.09	--	0.06	--	0.16
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ³ Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. ⁴ Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ⁵ Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.86P – Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Major Depressive Episode, Receipt of Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2023)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE¹
Major Depressive Episode	0.1166	0.4515	0.9927	0.1159
No Major Depressive Episode	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT²
Mental Health Treatment	--	--	--	--
No Mental Health Treatment	--	--	--	--
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment³	--	--	--	--
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment³	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER⁴
Substance Use Disorder	0.3440	0.6678	0.1294	0.3890
Alcohol Use Disorder	0.0678	0.5852	0.4137	0.0842
Drug Use Disorder	0.2620	0.5919	0.2266	0.2639
No Substance Use Disorder	0.0002	0.0013	0.0016	0.0001
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS⁵
Serious Psychological Distress	0.0845	0.4963	0.7060	0.1171
No Serious Psychological Distress	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT^6,7
Substance Use Treatment	--	--	--	--
No Substance Use Treatment	--	--	--	--
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ³ Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. ⁴ Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ⁵ Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.87C – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2023)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE¹
Major Depressive Episode	276	257	160	142	93	90	458	461
No Major Depressive Episode	297	347	104	205	73	153	3,221	3,214
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT²
Mental Health Treatment	--	305	--	176	--	129	--	1,103
No Mental Health Treatment	--	310	--	186	--	120	--	2,769
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment³	--	115	--	50	--	15	--	330
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment³	--	277	--	179	--	118	--	2,681
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER⁴
Substance Use Disorder	265	241	132	146	70	106	898	911
Alcohol Use Disorder	190	156	94	98	55	51	615	619
Drug Use Disorder	209	201	111	112	60	99	637	647
No Substance Use Disorder	307	365	143	208	97	142	2,926	2,950
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS⁵
Serious Psychological Distress	328	338	178	200	110	134	609	650
No Serious Psychological Distress	239	280	74	162	43	119	3,131	3,081
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT^6,7
Substance Use Treatment	--	123	--	84	--	85	--	359
No Substance Use Treatment	--	435	--	243	--	155	--	3,310
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ³ Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. ⁴ Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ⁵ Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.87D – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2024)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2024)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2024)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2023)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2024)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE¹
Major Depressive Episode	1.52	1.36	2.39	2.46	3.98	3.57	0.17	0.17
No Major Depressive Episode	1.52	1.36	2.39	2.46	3.98	3.57	0.17	0.17
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT²
Mental Health Treatment	--	1.43	--	2.68	--	3.93	--	0.33
No Mental Health Treatment	--	1.43	--	2.68	--	3.93	--	0.33
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment³	--	1.50	--	2.33	--	1.51	--	0.16
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment³	--	1.50	--	2.33	--	1.51	--	0.16
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER⁴
Substance Use Disorder	1.50	1.35	2.69	2.52	4.16	3.83	0.29	0.30
Alcohol Use Disorder	1.28	0.98	2.24	1.89	3.48	2.31	0.22	0.22
Drug Use Disorder	1.32	1.22	2.52	2.17	3.72	3.70	0.23	0.23
No Substance Use Disorder	1.50	1.35	2.69	2.52	4.16	3.83	0.29	0.30
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS⁵
Serious Psychological Distress	1.46	1.44	1.85	2.66	2.74	4.08	0.22	0.22
No Serious Psychological Distress	1.46	1.44	1.85	2.66	2.74	4.08	0.22	0.22
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT^6,7
Substance Use Treatment	--	0.82	--	1.67	--	3.33	--	0.14
No Substance Use Treatment	--	0.82	--	1.67	--	3.33	--	0.14
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ³ Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. ⁴ Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ⁵ Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.87P – Major Depressive Episode, Mental Health Treatment, Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Treatment, Substance Use Disorder, Serious Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Treatment in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Past Year Mental Health or Substance Use Measure	Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide (2023)	Made Any Suicide Plans (2023)	Attempted Suicide (2023)	None of These Suicidality Measures (2023)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE¹
Major Depressive Episode	0.0000	0.0000	0.0002	0.9393
No Major Depressive Episode	0.0000	0.0000	0.0002	0.9393
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT AND PERCEIVED UNMET NEED FOR TREATMENT²
Mental Health Treatment	--	--	--	--
No Mental Health Treatment	--	--	--	--
Perceived Unmet Need for Treatment³	--	--	--	--
Did Not Seek Treatment and Did Not Think Should Get Treatment³	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER⁴
Substance Use Disorder	0.0006	0.0219	0.1491	0.8850
Alcohol Use Disorder	0.0001	0.0035	0.0006	0.3175
Drug Use Disorder	0.0196	0.0159	0.3317	0.2200
No Substance Use Disorder	0.0006	0.0219	0.1491	0.8850
SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS⁵
Serious Psychological Distress	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1746
No Serious Psychological Distress	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1746
SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT^6,7
Substance Use Treatment	--	--	--	--
No Substance Use Treatment	--	--	--	--
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Changes were made to the inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. ² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. ³ Respondents were classified as having a perceived unmet need for mental health treatment (MH Tx) if they did not receive MH Tx in the past year and sought or thought they should get treatment. Respondents with unknown information for perceptions of need for MH Tx were excluded. ⁴ Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ⁵ Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. ⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.88C – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	643	631	218	212	579	580	392	398	391	406
SEX
Male	389	420	143	132	351	395	260	283	220	264
Female	453	453	153	152	412	418	272	271	301	300
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	571	569	184	185	516	515	346	336	362	385
AIAN	35	35	9	9	34	34	*	30	7	16
Asian	172	151	67	82	151	120	98	100	114	68
Black or African American	208	225	102	83	172	200	144	150	97	130
NHPI	43	41	*	*	*	*	*	11	*	*
White	553	595	222	191	480	540	337	374	314	361
Two or More Races	148	107	46	49	135	94	60	71	121	58
Hispanic or Latino	251	257	107	102	222	231	179	196	135	124
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	331	331	147	133	293	285	179	174	217	209
100-199%	325	339	147	136	275	300	191	207	189	209
200% or More	513	549	195	190	458	499	338	369	284	310
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	518	537	236	215	439	475	320	364	269	292
Medicaid/CHIP	379	384	147	132	328	350	239	220	204	239
Other³	329	351	67	74	318	340	134	147	276	287
No Coverage	202	217	82	78	183	203	146	158	111	115
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	458	465	163	159	410	426	333	363	226	221
Part-Time	226	254	145	144	169	208	150	153	79	137
Unemployed	155	203	77	89	137	180	116	151	73	89
Other⁴	392	419	124	120	369	404	190	189	305	340
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.88D – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.25	0.24	0.64	0.61	0.26	0.26	0.38	0.38	0.33	0.33
SEX
Male	0.31	0.33	0.84	0.75	0.32	0.36	0.51	0.54	0.39	0.46
Female	0.34	0.34	0.90	0.88	0.36	0.36	0.52	0.51	0.48	0.47
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.27	0.27	0.71	0.71	0.28	0.27	0.42	0.41	0.35	0.36
AIAN	2.97	2.75	5.57	4.98	3.28	3.05	*	4.96	1.27	3.18
Asian	1.03	0.86	2.44	2.80	1.05	0.81	1.19	1.17	1.86	1.03
Black or African American	0.58	0.66	1.71	1.43	0.59	0.70	0.94	0.94	0.73	0.97
NHPI	4.11	3.37	*	*	*	*	*	1.95	*	*
White	0.31	0.31	0.85	0.79	0.32	0.33	0.51	0.50	0.36	0.41
Two or More Races	2.34	1.77	3.07	3.40	2.78	1.95	2.45	2.47	5.32	3.01
Hispanic or Latino	0.55	0.54	1.30	1.17	0.60	0.59	0.81	0.85	0.89	0.78
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.75	0.71	1.22	1.23	0.86	0.79	0.99	0.92	1.37	1.25
100-199%	0.60	0.59	1.41	1.24	0.63	0.66	0.92	0.95	0.80	0.87
200% or More	0.26	0.27	0.86	0.80	0.27	0.28	0.43	0.43	0.33	0.35
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.29	0.28	0.87	0.82	0.29	0.30	0.42	0.44	0.36	0.38
Medicaid/CHIP	0.65	0.69	1.14	1.22	0.74	0.79	0.89	0.93	1.07	1.21
Other³	0.40	0.42	1.88	1.95	0.40	0.43	1.47	1.46	0.40	0.41
No Coverage	0.80	0.83	1.50	1.33	0.93	1.00	1.06	1.06	2.06	2.08
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.34	0.32	0.93	0.87	0.35	0.35	0.42	0.44	0.57	0.55
Part-Time	0.66	0.68	1.23	1.22	0.70	0.80	1.23	1.17	0.61	1.03
Unemployed	1.24	1.29	1.88	1.85	1.56	1.66	1.84	2.00	2.86	2.80
Other⁴	0.38	0.40	1.17	1.19	0.40	0.43	0.89	0.87	0.44	0.47
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.88P – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.7199	0.0587	0.2876	0.7976	0.2629
SEX
Male	0.1632	0.1495	0.0433	0.0508	0.3409
Female	0.4392	0.1911	0.6773	0.1281	0.4811
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.4656	0.1386	0.1791	0.5813	0.2348
AIAN	0.8903	0.9822	0.9103	*	0.1059
Asian	0.9519	0.4636	0.6596	0.6365	0.3094
Black or African American	0.3577	0.2620	0.1237	0.3278	0.2031
NHPI	0.3675	*	*	*	*
White	0.4205	0.1069	0.1621	0.7785	0.1014
Two or More Races	0.4119	0.8708	0.3291	0.7032	0.0860
Hispanic or Latino	0.4876	0.2572	0.7525	0.7057	0.9784
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.0877	0.4977	0.1323	0.1066	0.4624
100-199%	0.4410	0.2335	0.2514	0.6692	0.0710
200% or More	0.3321	0.1567	0.1223	0.1540	0.4048
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.3154	0.0494	0.0578	0.3321	0.1114
Medicaid/CHIP	0.3026	0.2497	0.5272	0.1530	0.5362
Other³	0.4126	0.1942	0.5229	0.5191	0.8422
No Coverage	0.7971	0.9160	0.9085	0.9695	0.9686
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.9833	0.1465	0.6499	0.5007	0.7288
Part-Time	0.3600	0.0517	0.0315	0.9090	0.0022
Unemployed	0.7644	0.6375	0.6208	0.7257	0.9046
Other⁴	0.9552	0.5363	0.8255	0.5191	0.5612
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.89C – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	474	469	180	173	431	439	299	299	269	311
SEX
Male	316	329	122	112	287	310	204	223	182	211
Female	333	324	126	129	299	302	211	204	192	216
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	419	420	153	154	380	389	260	256	253	293
AIAN	33	30	6	8	33	28	*	27	4	9
Asian	112	112	48	60	96	91	72	76	63	49
Black or African American	167	154	90	59	137	137	105	114	91	74
NHPI	28	12	*	*	26	8	*	7	*	*
White	379	407	156	141	338	379	238	254	217	278
Two or More Races	100	83	31	36	90	74	51	51	74	*
Hispanic or Latino	196	214	86	84	172	190	145	152	105	113
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	245	266	108	94	219	239	137	152	167	177
100-199%	256	242	117	108	222	214	165	155	143	149
200% or More	337	359	145	129	296	331	232	247	171	215
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	334	334	162	148	284	294	222	237	159	190
Medicaid/CHIP	307	302	120	96	268	285	192	174	171	201
Other³	244	294	53	55	239	285	113	125	199	232
No Coverage	151	169	68	67	134	152	110	123	83	88
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	303	294	113	116	275	269	229	236	133	142
Part-Time	153	173	106	102	113	139	105	113	44	82
Unemployed	129	170	58	72	115	152	97	121	58	84
Other⁴	296	326	101	90	281	314	159	153	220	267
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.89D – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2024)	Aged 50+ (2023)	Aged 50+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.18	0.18	0.53	0.49	0.19	0.19	0.29	0.28	0.22	0.26
SEX
Male	0.25	0.26	0.71	0.64	0.26	0.28	0.40	0.42	0.32	0.37
Female	0.25	0.24	0.74	0.74	0.26	0.26	0.41	0.38	0.30	0.34
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.20	0.20	0.59	0.59	0.20	0.21	0.32	0.31	0.24	0.28
AIAN	2.83	2.38	4.15	4.76	3.20	2.63	*	4.59	0.78	1.82
Asian	0.70	0.63	1.99	2.24	0.69	0.60	0.89	0.91	1.05	0.74
Black or African American	0.48	0.47	1.58	1.12	0.49	0.49	0.72	0.76	0.69	0.56
NHPI	2.81	1.02	*	*	2.91	0.86	*	1.34	*	*
White	0.22	0.23	0.70	0.69	0.23	0.25	0.38	0.38	0.26	0.32
Two or More Races	1.79	1.42	2.48	2.75	2.04	1.61	2.14	1.90	3.53	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.43	0.45	1.04	0.96	0.46	0.49	0.66	0.66	0.69	0.71
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.57	0.60	1.02	0.99	0.67	0.68	0.81	0.83	1.07	1.09
100-199%	0.50	0.44	1.22	1.09	0.53	0.48	0.85	0.75	0.61	0.62
200% or More	0.19	0.19	0.70	0.64	0.19	0.20	0.31	0.33	0.21	0.25
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.20	0.19	0.69	0.64	0.20	0.20	0.31	0.32	0.22	0.25
Medicaid/CHIP	0.54	0.58	1.00	0.96	0.61	0.68	0.77	0.76	0.90	1.04
Other³	0.30	0.36	1.62	1.65	0.31	0.36	1.30	1.30	0.29	0.34
No Coverage	0.63	0.68	1.31	1.20	0.72	0.78	0.84	0.85	1.57	1.62
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.24	0.22	0.70	0.72	0.25	0.24	0.31	0.32	0.34	0.36
Part-Time	0.46	0.50	1.03	1.03	0.49	0.57	0.94	0.93	0.35	0.65
Unemployed	1.06	1.16	1.57	1.60	1.35	1.47	1.58	1.70	2.33	2.66
Other⁴	0.29	0.32	1.04	0.98	0.31	0.34	0.76	0.73	0.32	0.38
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 6.89P – Serious Psychological Distress in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26-49 (2023)	Aged 50+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.9087	0.0352	0.3560	0.8753	0.1492
SEX
Male	0.2388	0.5688	0.1406	0.1264	0.5756
Female	0.3395	0.0189	0.9147	0.0811	0.1262
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.8699	0.0388	0.3190	0.8781	0.1553
AIAN	0.6899	0.7027	0.6076	*	0.2630
Asian	0.7827	0.8481	0.8463	0.5835	0.8043
Black or African American	0.2107	0.0268	0.7411	0.8782	0.4762
NHPI	0.0501	*	0.0686	*	*
White	0.3045	0.1571	0.1096	0.9922	0.0277
Two or More Races	0.3523	0.8009	0.3462	0.5797	*
Hispanic or Latino	0.9332	0.5997	0.9027	0.9945	0.8214
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	0.5499	0.4579	0.7822	0.5316	0.9149
100-199%	0.5460	0.0963	0.9201	0.1547	0.2265
200% or More	0.3952	0.1913	0.1405	0.3276	0.2353
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.2565	0.1017	0.0449	0.3090	0.0591
Medicaid/CHIP	0.2819	0.0559	0.6405	0.1024	0.3491
Other³	0.2545	0.2422	0.3348	0.7934	0.4179
No Coverage	0.8904	0.6127	0.7919	0.7798	0.9896
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.6971	0.3896	0.4899	0.6825	0.5938
Part-Time	0.8141	0.0042	0.1044	0.8300	0.0160
Unemployed	0.7129	0.9118	0.6744	0.5051	0.6750
Other⁴	0.8215	0.5922	0.9953	0.3426	0.5664
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious psychological distress is defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. ⁴ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.