Section 8 PE Tables - Results from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ

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Table 8.1A – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Drug	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
Marijuana	15,272	15,570	370	349	14,902	15,221	3,148	3,307	11,754	11,913	1,179	1,101	14,093	14,469
Cocaine (Including Crack)	518	376	*	1	518	375	57	86	461	288	11	10	507	365
Heroin	76	23	*	*	76	23	6	*	70	23	*	*	76	23
Hallucinogens	304	183	4	4	300	179	56	39	244	140	10	6	294	177
Inhalants	91	52	<1	4	91	48	34	6	57	42	26	4	65	48
Methamphetamine	488	278	*	*	488	278	12	4	476	274	6	*	481	278
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.1B – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Drug	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
Marijuana	11.4	11.7	21.0	21.0	11.3	11.5	19.0	20.2	10.2	10.3	21.7	22.0	11.0	11.2
Cocaine (Including Crack)	0.4	0.3	*	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3
Heroin	0.1	<0.1	*	*	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	<0.1	*	*	0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inhalants	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.2	0.1	<0.1	0.2	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.5	0.1	0.1	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.2	*	*	0.4	0.2	0.1	<0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	*	0.4	0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.2A – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	38,692	37,780	23,471	22,922	60.7	60.7
12-20¹	1,248	1,172	484	375	38.8	32.0
21 or Older¹	37,444	36,608	22,987	22,547	61.4	61.6
12-17	344	320	142	111	41.3	34.7
12-13	30	36	20	10	*	*
14-15	114	99	50	41	*	*
16-17	200	185	72	60	36.1	*
18 or Older	38,348	37,460	23,329	22,811	60.8	60.9
18-25	3,616	3,353	1,415	1,228	39.1	36.6
18-20	904	851	342	264	37.8	31.0
21-25	2,712	2,501	1,073	965	39.6	38.6
26 or Older	34,732	34,107	21,914	21,582	63.1	63.3
26-49	18,707^a	17,358	11,259^a	10,281	60.2	59.2
26-29	2,405	2,208	1,220	1,022	50.7	46.3
30-34	3,858	3,378	2,162	1,855	56.0	54.9
35-39	4,587	4,185	2,832	2,569	61.7	61.4
40-44	4,109	3,986	2,592	2,632	63.1	66.0
45-49	3,749	3,601	2,453	2,202	65.4	61.2
50 or Older	16,025	16,750	10,655	11,302	66.5	67.5
50-54	3,463	3,518	2,199	2,485	63.5	70.6
55-59	3,350	3,505	2,324	2,373	69.4	67.7
60-64	3,862	4,064	2,701	2,847	69.9	70.0
65 or Older	5,349	5,662	3,431	3,597	64.1	63.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.2B – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	13.7	13.1	8.3	8.0	60.7	60.7
12-20¹	3.3	3.0	1.3	1.0	38.8	32.0
21 or Older¹	15.3	14.7	9.4	9.0	61.4	61.6
12-17	1.3	1.2	0.5	0.4	41.3	34.7
12-13	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.1	*	*
14-15	1.3	1.1	0.5	0.5	*	*
16-17	2.3	2.1	0.8	0.7	36.1	*
18 or Older	14.9	14.3	9.1	8.7	60.8	60.9
18-25	10.6	9.6	4.2^a	3.5	39.1	36.6
18-20	7.4	6.8	2.8	2.1	37.8	31.0
21-25	12.4	11.2	4.9	4.3	39.6	38.6
26 or Older	15.5	15.0	9.8	9.5	63.1	63.3
26-49	18.1^b	16.4	10.9^a	9.7	60.2	59.2
26-29	13.7	12.6	6.9	5.8	50.7	46.3
30-34	17.0^a	14.4	9.5^a	7.9	56.0	54.9
35-39	19.8	18.1	12.2	11.1	61.7	61.4
40-44	19.4	17.8	12.2	11.7	63.1	66.0
45-49	19.9	18.7	13.0	11.4	65.4	61.2
50 or Older	13.4	13.8	8.9	9.3	66.5	67.5
50-54	18.5	17.9	11.8	12.6	63.5	70.6
55-59	16.3	18.0	11.3	12.2	69.4	67.7
60-64	16.9	18.1	11.8	12.6	69.9	70.0
65 or Older	9.2	9.5	5.9	6.0	64.1	63.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.3A – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	23,471	22,922	142	111	23,329	22,811	1,415	1,228	21,914	21,582	484	375	22,987	22,547
SEX
Male	12,600	12,340	54	42	12,546	12,299	894^a	707	11,652	11,592	265	181	12,336	12,159
Female	10,870	10,582	88	70	10,783	10,512	521	522	10,262	9,990	219	194	10,651	10,388
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	20,841	20,711	118	89	20,723	20,623	1,215^a	990	19,508	19,632	412	309	20,429	20,402
AIAN	202	231	2	2	199	229	12	*	188	215	5	12	197	220
Asian	527	495	1	*	526	495	37	16	489	479	3	<1	524	495
Black or African American	3,044	2,743	15	4	3,029	2,738	143	106	2,886	2,632	57	21	2,987	2,722
NHPI	149	64	*	*	*	64	8	*	*	59	*	<1	*	64
White	16,204	16,457	63	78	16,141	16,379	946	813	15,195	15,566	290	264	15,914	16,193
Two or More Races	715	721	33	4	682	717	68	37	613	680	50^a	12	665	709
Hispanic or Latino	2,630	2,211	24	22	2,606	2,188	200	238	2,406	1,950	72	65	2,558	2,145
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.3B – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	8.3	8.0	0.5	0.4	9.1	8.7	4.2^a	3.5	9.8	9.5	1.3	1.0	9.4	9.0
SEX
Male	9.1	8.8	0.4	0.3	10.0	9.6	5.2^a	4.0	10.8	10.5	1.4	0.9	10.4	10.0
Female	7.5	7.2	0.7	0.5	8.2	7.8	3.1	3.0	8.9	8.5	1.2	1.0	8.4	8.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.0	8.9	0.6	0.5	9.8	9.6	4.7^a	3.8	10.5	10.4	1.5	1.1	10.1	9.9
AIAN	15.1	16.9	1.0	1.0	18.1	19.8	8.2	*	19.5	21.5	1.8	4.3	18.8	20.0
Asian	3.0	2.7	0.1	*	3.3	2.9	1.7	0.7	3.5	3.3	0.1	<0.1	3.5	3.1
Black or African American	8.8	7.8	0.4	0.1	9.7	8.6	3.1	2.3	10.9	9.7	1.1	0.4	10.1	9.1
NHPI	13.5	5.2	*	*	*	5.5	7.1	*	*	5.8	*	0.3	*	5.8
White	9.5	9.6	0.5	0.6	10.2	10.4	5.4	4.6	10.9	11.1	1.5	1.4	10.5	10.7
Two or More Races	11.5	11.1	3.5	0.4	13.0	13.2	6.3	3.2	14.7	15.8	3.7^a	0.8	13.7	14.1
Hispanic or Latino	5.0	4.0	0.4	0.3	5.7	4.6	2.4	2.7	6.5	5.0	0.7	0.6	6.0	4.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.4A – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	23,471	22,922	142	111	23,329	22,811	1,415	1,228	21,914	21,582	484	375	22,987	22,547
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	3,425	3,727	18	5	3,407	3,723	298	223	3,108	3,500	82	43	3,343	3,684
Midwest	5,543	6,211	33	35	5,510	6,176	273	303	5,237	5,873	100	113	5,443	6,097
South	10,305^a	9,067	43	53	10,262^a	9,014	586	476	9,676^a	8,538	174	147	10,130	8,921
West	4,198	3,916	48	18	4,150	3,898	257	226	3,893	3,672	128	71	4,071	3,845
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	10,619	9,972	55	46	10,563	9,925	617	552	9,946	9,373	181	138	10,438	9,833
Small Metro	7,969	8,350	53	44	7,916	8,306	447	393	7,469	7,912	176	144	7,793	8,205
Nonmetro	4,883	4,601	33	21	4,850	4,580	351	283	4,499	4,297	127	92	4,756	4,509
Urbanized	2,052	1,828	15	5	2,037	1,823	119	128	1,919	1,695	51	33	2,001	1,795
Less Urbanized	2,438	2,456	17	13	2,422	2,443	197	146	2,225	2,296	69	55	2,369	2,401
Completely Rural	392	317	2	3	390	314	35^a	8	355	306	7	4	385	313
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	7,038	6,729	36	24	7,002	6,705	541^b	362	6,461	6,344	159	104	6,878	6,625
100-199%	6,114	6,231	25	27	6,089	6,204	291	351	5,798	5,854	91	89	6,023	6,142
200% or More	10,318	9,960	81	60	10,237	9,900	582	515	9,655	9,385	233	180	10,085	9,780
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	8,732	9,034	69	51	8,663	8,983	529	527	8,135	8,457	200	150	8,532	8,885
Medicaid/CHIP	8,956	8,442	77	58	8,879	8,383	610^a	442	8,268	7,942	219	157	8,736	8,285
Other⁴	6,238	6,357	1	3	6,237	6,354	122^b	58	6,115	6,296	32	17	6,206	6,339
No Coverage	3,763^b	2,929	3	3	3,760^b	2,926	269	260	3,490^b	2,667	52	56	3,710^b	2,873
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.4B – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	8.3	8.0	0.5	0.4	9.1	8.7	4.2^a	3.5	9.8	9.5	1.3	1.0	9.4	9.0
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	7.0	7.5	0.4	0.1	7.6	8.2	5.2	3.8	7.9	8.8	1.4	0.7	7.8	8.4
Midwest	9.5	10.5	0.6	0.6	10.4	11.5	3.8	4.2	11.5	12.7	1.2	1.4	10.9	12.0
South	9.4^a	8.1	0.4	0.5	10.4^a	8.9	4.5	3.5	11.3^a	9.7	1.2	1.0	10.7^a	9.3
West	6.3	5.8	0.8	0.3	6.8	6.3	3.2	2.7	7.4	6.8	1.4	0.8	7.0	6.5
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6.8	6.2	0.4	0.3	7.4	6.8	3.4	3.0	8.0	7.3	0.9	0.7	7.7	7.0
Small Metro	9.0	9.1	0.6	0.5	9.8	9.9	3.9	3.3	10.8	11.0	1.4	1.1	10.2	10.3
Nonmetro	13.0	13.3	1.0	0.7	14.2	14.5	8.2	6.5	15.0	15.8	2.6	2.0	14.6	15.1
Urbanized	13.5	12.8	1.2	0.4	14.6	13.9	6.3	5.9	15.9	15.5	2.6	1.6	15.1	14.7
Less Urbanized	12.6	14.1	0.9	0.9	13.9	15.3	9.4	7.7	14.4	16.4	2.6	2.4	14.2	15.8
Completely Rural	12.6	11.3	0.6	1.2	13.9	12.2	11.9^a	2.8	14.2	13.4	1.8	1.1	14.1	12.8
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	15.6	14.5	0.6	0.4	17.7	16.4	6.4^b	4.3	20.8	19.5	1.8	1.2	19.0	17.6
100-199%	11.3	11.2	0.5	0.5	12.4	12.3	3.7	4.1	14.1	14.0	1.1	1.1	13.0	13.0
200% or More	5.6	5.4	0.5	0.4	6.1	5.8	3.3	2.9	6.4	6.1	1.1	0.8	6.2	5.9
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	5.1	5.1	0.5	0.3	5.5	5.6	2.8	2.7	5.9	6.0	1.0	0.7	5.7	5.7
Medicaid/CHIP	14.7	14.3	0.7	0.6	17.8	17.3	6.4^a	4.9	20.5	20.1	1.5	1.1	19.1	18.6
Other⁴	7.9	8.0	0.1	0.2	8.1	8.2	4.3^b	2.1	8.2	8.4	1.3	0.7	8.2	8.3
No Coverage	15.8^b	11.6	0.3	0.2	16.7^b	12.2	6.0	5.2	19.3^b	14.1	2.0	1.9	17.5^b	12.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.5A – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	3,764	3,239	269^b	127	3,494	3,112	299	385	3,196	2,727
Prescription from One Doctor	3,544	2,998	236^b	113	3,309	2,885	280	340	3,028	2,545
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	176	147	*	5	152	141	14	23	138	119
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	43	94	9	9	34	85	5	22	29	64
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	3,131	3,130	157	142	2,974	2,989	371	368	2,603	2,621
From Friend or Relative for Free	2,308	2,320	73	87	2,235	2,232	245	292	1,990	1,941
Bought from Friend or Relative	583	511	38	21	545	489	70	40	475	449
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	241	300	47	33	194	267	57	36	137	231
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	638	563	35	*	603	553	87	110	516	443
SOME OTHER WAY¹	467	475	19	45	448	430	27	46	421	384
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.5B – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	47.0	43.7	56.0^a	39.2	46.5	43.9	38.1	42.4	47.4	44.2
Prescription from One Doctor	44.3	40.5	49.0	34.9	44.0	40.7	35.7	37.5	45.0	41.2
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.2	2.0	*	1.7	2.0	2.0	1.7	2.5	2.1	1.9
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.5	1.3	1.9	2.7	0.5	1.2	0.6	2.4	0.4	1.0
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	39.1	42.3	32.7	43.7	39.6	42.2	47.4	40.5	38.6	42.4
From Friend or Relative for Free	28.8	31.3	15.2^a	27.0	29.7	31.5	31.2	32.1	29.5	31.4
Bought from Friend or Relative	7.3	6.9	7.8	6.6	7.3	6.9	8.9	4.4	7.1	7.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.0	4.0	9.7	10.2	2.6	3.8	7.3	3.9	2.0	3.7
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	8.0	7.6	7.4	*	8.0	7.8	11.1	12.1	7.7	7.2
SOME OTHER WAY¹	5.8	6.4	4.0^a	13.8	6.0	6.1	3.4	5.1	6.2	6.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.6A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,818	1,959	*	*	1,757	1,910	170	241	1,587	1,669
Prescription from One Doctor	1,800	1,925	*	*	1,748	1,888	168	238	1,580	1,650
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	17	18	*	*	9	10	2	*	7	9
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	<1	16	*	*	*	12	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	220	178	*	*	211	176	23	23	189	153
From Friend or Relative for Free	132	132	*	1	132	131	*	15	121	116
Bought from Friend or Relative	70	30	*	*	63	29	11	*	52	20
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	17	17	*	*	*	17	1	<1	*	17
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	134^a	34	*	*	134^a	27	15	*	119^a	14
SOME OTHER WAY¹	37	48	*	*	36	39	*	*	21	33
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.6B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	82.3	88.3	*	*	82.2	88.7	76.4	84.9	82.8	89.3
Prescription from One Doctor	81.5	86.7	*	*	81.8	87.7	75.5	83.6	82.5	88.3
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.8	0.8	*	*	0.4	0.4	0.8	*	0.4	0.5
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	<0.1	0.7	*	*	*	0.6	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	10.0	8.0	*	*	9.9	8.2	10.1	8.2	9.8	8.2
From Friend or Relative for Free	6.0	5.9	*	1.4	6.2	6.1	*	5.3	6.3	6.2
Bought from Friend or Relative	3.2	1.3	*	*	2.9	1.3	4.9	*	2.7	1.1
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.8	0.8	*	*	*	0.8	0.3	<0.1	*	0.9
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	6.1^a	1.5	*	*	6.3^a	1.3	6.8	*	6.2^a	0.7
SOME OTHER WAY¹	1.7	2.2	*	*	1.7	1.8	*	*	1.1	1.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.7A – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	758	873	*	*	677	772	143	159	534	613
Prescription from One Doctor	695	812	*	*	617	731	119	137	499	594
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	47	56	3	*	44	38	9	19	36	19
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	6	*	2	*	3	*	*	*	<1
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2,710	2,587	*	*	2,592	2,520	801	698	1,791	1,822
From Friend or Relative for Free	1,979	1,970	*	*	1,890	1,926	559	529	1,331	1,397
Bought from Friend or Relative	557	493	*	*	547	479	208	149	339	331
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	173	124	*	9	155	115	34	21	121	95
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	229	169	*	*	222	157	55	64	168	92
SOME OTHER WAY¹	142	117	8	*	134	109	48	24	87	85
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.7B – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	19.7	23.3	*	*	18.7	21.7	13.6	16.8	20.7	23.5
Prescription from One Doctor	18.1	21.7	*	*	17.0	20.5	11.3	14.5	19.3	22.7
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	1.2	1.5	1.2	*	1.2	1.1	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.7
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	0.1	*	1.2	*	0.1	*	*	*	<0.1
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	70.6	69.1	*	*	71.5	70.8	76.6	73.8	69.4	69.8
From Friend or Relative for Free	51.6	52.6	*	*	52.1	54.1	53.4	55.9	51.6	53.5
Bought from Friend or Relative	14.5	13.2	*	*	15.1	13.5	19.9	15.7	13.1	12.7
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	4.5	3.3	*	4.7	4.3	3.2	3.3	2.2	4.7	3.6
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	6.0	4.5	*	*	6.1	4.4	5.2	6.8	6.5	3.5
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.7	3.1	3.6	*	3.7	3.1	4.6	2.5	3.4	3.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.8A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,574	1,693	*	*	1,512	1,654	480	421	1,032	1,234
Prescription from One Doctor	1,451	1,647	*	*	1,408	1,611	417	406	991	1,205
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	124	45	*	*	104	44	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	2	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	240	138	*	*	239	136	63	50	176	86
From Friend or Relative for Free	144	70	*	*	143	69	34	23	109	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	94	68	*	*	94	67	26	*	68	41
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2	*	*	*	2	*	2	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	36	40	*	*	28	39	4	18	24	21
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	19	*	*	*	18	1	*	*	7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.8B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	83.7	89.6	*	*	83.6	89.5	87.7	84.1	81.8^a	91.5
Prescription from One Doctor	77.1^b	87.1	*	*	77.8^a	87.2	76.2	81.2	78.6^a	89.4
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	6.6	2.4	*	*	5.7	2.4	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	0.1	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	12.8	7.3	*	*	13.2	7.4	11.4	10.0	14.0^a	6.4
From Friend or Relative for Free	7.6	3.7	*	*	7.9	3.7	6.3	4.7	8.6	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	5.0	3.6	*	*	5.2	3.6	4.8	*	5.4	3.0
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.1	*	*	*	0.1	*	0.3	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	1.9	2.1	*	*	1.6	2.1	0.8	3.6	1.9	1.6
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	1.0	*	*	*	1.0	0.2	*	*	0.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.9A – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	994	1,220	*	*	983	1,192	87	113	896	1,079
Prescription from One Doctor	910	1,171	*	*	899	1,146	77	99	821	1,048
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	82	29	*	2	82	28	*	14	74	14
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	2	19	*	1	2	18	*	1	*	17
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2,391^a	1,928	*	*	2,307	1,879	354	295	1,953	1,584
From Friend or Relative for Free	1,851	1,468	*	*	1,817	1,435	262	230	1,555	1,205
Bought from Friend or Relative	436	325	*	*	405	315	72	48	333	267
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	104	135	*	*	85	128	20	17	65	112
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	329	314	*	*	322	289	50	77	272	212
SOME OTHER WAY¹	121	185	*	*	114	177	9	11	105	166
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.9B – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	25.9	33.4	*	*	26.4	33.7	17.4	22.9	27.8	35.5
Prescription from One Doctor	23.7^a	32.1	*	*	24.1^a	32.4	15.5	19.9	25.5^a	34.4
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.1	0.8	*	1.6	2.2	0.8	*	2.8	2.3	0.5
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.1	0.5	*	0.8	0.1	0.5	*	0.2	*	0.6
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	62.3^a	52.9	*	*	61.9^a	53.1	70.8	59.4	60.5	52.1
From Friend or Relative for Free	48.3^a	40.3	*	*	48.8^a	40.6	52.5	46.4	48.2	39.6
Bought from Friend or Relative	11.4	8.9	*	*	10.9	8.9	14.4	9.6	10.3	8.8
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2.7	3.7	*	*	2.3	3.6	3.9	3.4	2.0	3.7
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	8.6	8.6	*	*	8.6	8.2	10.0	15.5	8.4	7.0
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.2	5.1	*	*	3.0	5.0	1.8	2.3	3.2	5.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.10A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,470^a	1,089	*	*	1,449^a	1,072	*	*	1,285^a	907
Prescription from One Doctor	1,454^a	1,069	*	*	1,434^a	1,051	*	*	1,272^a	895
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	9	19	*	*	8	19	2	*	6	12
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	168	175	*	*	162	170	43	*	119	148
From Friend or Relative for Free	79	44	*	*	79	42	24	7	55	34
Bought from Friend or Relative	84	129	*	*	80	128	16	*	64	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	5	2	*	*	3	<1	*	<1	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	128^a	40	*	*	126^a	34	*	*	91^b	3
SOME OTHER WAY¹	7	*	*	*	5	*	<1	*	5	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.10B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	83.0	80.8	*	*	83.2	81.2	*	*	85.7	82.3
Prescription from One Doctor	82.0	79.2	*	*	82.3	79.6	*	*	84.8	81.2
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.5	1.4	*	*	0.5	1.4	0.8	*	0.4	1.1
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	9.5	12.9	*	*	9.3	12.9	17.7	*	7.9	13.5
From Friend or Relative for Free	4.5	3.2	*	*	4.5	3.1	9.9	3.2	3.7	3.1
Bought from Friend or Relative	4.7	9.5	*	*	4.6	9.7	6.8	*	4.3	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.3	0.2	*	*	0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	7.2	2.9	*	*	7.3	2.6	*	*	6.1^b	0.3
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.4	*	*	*	0.3	*	<0.1	*	0.4	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.11A – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	10	9	*	*	8	8	*	*	8	7
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	38	*	*	*	38	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	40	48	*	*	39	30	*	*	35	29
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	19	*	*	*	19	*	*	*	11
SOME OTHER WAY¹	4	30	*	*	4	24	*	*	3	24
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.11B – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	1.0	1.0	*	*	0.9	0.9	*	*	0.9	1.0
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	4.5	*	*	*	4.6	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	4.0	5.6	*	*	4.0	3.7	*	*	3.9	3.8
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	2.3	*	*	*	2.3	*	*	*	1.5
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.4	3.5	*	*	0.4	3.0	*	*	0.4	3.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.12A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	466	316	*	*	*	313	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	448	316	*	*	433	313	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	18	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	9	*	*	*	9	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	<1	5	*	*	<1	5	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	1	*	*	*	1	*	*	*	<1
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.12B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	95.0	97.3	*	*	*	97.3	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	91.4	97.3	*	*	93.2	97.3	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	3.6	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	2.7	*	*	*	2.7	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.1	1.4	*	*	0.1	1.4	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	<0.1
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.13A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	5,720	5,369	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	615	576	--	--	1,627	1,299	93	135
Help with Sleep	302	230	--	--	1,063	888	811	598
Help with Feelings or Emotion	247	176	--	--	638	706	21	41
Experiment or See What It’s Like	185	159	181	213	128	77	16	1
Feel Good or Get High	652	695	411	513	231	331	26	41
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	59	100	37	40	91	128	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	167	236	21	10	17	22	<1	<1
Help Lose Weight	--	--	150	198	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	1,368	1,399	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	1,082	1,044	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	445^a	282	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	121	120	158	111	100	202	12	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.13B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	70.9	70.1	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	7.6	7.5	--	--	41.8	35.6	9.5	15.5
Help with Sleep	3.7	3.0	--	--	27.3	24.3	82.9	69.0
Help with Feelings or Emotion	3.1	2.3	--	--	16.4	19.3	2.1	4.8
Experiment or See What It’s Like	2.3	2.1	4.7	5.6	3.3	2.1	1.6	0.2
Feel Good or Get High	8.1	9.1	10.7	13.5	5.9	9.0	2.6	4.7
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.7	1.3	1.0	1.0	2.3	3.5	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	2.1	3.1	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.6	<0.1	<0.1
Help Lose Weight	--	--	3.9	5.2	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	35.5	36.7	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	28.1	27.4	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	11.6^a	7.4	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	1.5	1.6	4.1	2.9	2.6	5.5	1.2	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.14A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	5,402	5,113	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	591	559	--	--	1,592	1,274	*	133
Help with Sleep	275	216	--	--	1,052	867	783	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	220	161	--	--	623	683	18	32
Experiment or See What It’s Like	157	137	169	194	113	67	14	1
Feel Good or Get High	596	653	358	487	195	295	14	29
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	58	99	36	39	88	128	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	167	235	21	9	16	22	*	*
Help Lose Weight	--	--	143	173	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	1,318	1,330	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	1,069	1,027	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	403^a	261	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	102	102	132	102	99	193	4	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.14B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	71.4	70.3	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	7.8	7.7	--	--	42.1	36.1	*	16.3
Help with Sleep	3.6	3.0	--	--	27.8	24.6	85.3	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	2.9	2.2	--	--	16.5	19.4	2.0	4.0
Experiment or See What It’s Like	2.1	1.9	4.6	5.3	3.0	1.9	1.6	0.2
Feel Good or Get High	7.9	9.0	9.8	13.4	5.2	8.4	1.6	3.5
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.8	1.4	1.0	1.1	2.3	3.6	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	2.2	3.2	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.6	*	*
Help Lose Weight	--	--	3.9	4.8	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	36.1	36.7	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	29.3	28.4	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	11.0^a	7.2	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	1.3	1.4	3.6	2.8	2.6	5.5	0.4	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.15A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	573	615	*	*	150	207	381	344	347	368	226	247
Drank with One Other Person	993	974	47	29	202	263	744	683	460	411	533	563
Drank with More than One Person	3,748	3,419	*	*	1,101	940	2,519	2,346	1,782	1,631	1,966	1,788
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	196	171	*	*	63	78	130	80	93	83	103	89
Home	2,365	2,278	*	*	551	561	1,714	1,610	1,209	1,101	1,156	1,177
Someone Else’s Home	2,183	1,990	65	*	699	600	1,419	1,315	962	968	1,221	1,022
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	293	224	*	*	135	98	142	111	171	111	121	114
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	480	392	<1	*	37	48	443	338	217^a	119	263	273
Concert or Sports Game	98	142	*	<1	26	42	72	100	46	57	52	84
School	52	69	1	7	16	13	35	49	25	25	27	43
Some Other Place³	291	242	*	17	110	85	169	141	158	146	133	96
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	128	96	<1	3	48	24	80	69	60	67	68	28
Outside (Location not Specified)	17	18	2	*	4	6	12	7	13	13	4	5
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	28	17	*	*	6	15	22^a	2	18	11	10	6
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	29	18	*	*	16	10	13	6	28	7	1	11
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	3	22	*	<1	<1	15	*	7	*	12	3	10
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.15B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	10.8	12.3	*	*	10.3	14.7	10.4	10.2	13.4	15.3	8.3	9.5
Drank with One Other Person	18.7	19.5	21.6	12.7	13.9	18.6	20.4	20.2	17.8	17.1	19.6	21.7
Drank with More than One Person	70.5	68.3	*	*	75.8^a	66.7	69.1	69.6	68.8	67.7	72.1	68.8
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	3.7	3.5	*	*	4.3	5.6	3.6	2.4	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.4
Home	44.8	46.1	*	*	38.1	40.5	47.2	48.4	47.0	46.7	42.6	45.5
Someone Else’s Home	41.3	40.2	32.0	*	48.3	43.3	39.1	39.5	37.5	41.0	45.0	39.5
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	5.5	4.5	*	*	9.3	7.1	3.9	3.3	6.7	4.7	4.5	4.4
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	9.1	7.9	0.2	*	2.6	3.4	12.2	10.2	8.5	5.0	9.7	10.5
Concert or Sports Game	1.9	2.9	*	<0.1	1.8	3.0	2.0	3.0	1.8	2.4	1.9	3.3
School	1.0	1.4	0.4	2.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.7
Some Other Place³	5.6	5.0	*	7.4	7.6	6.3	4.7	4.3	6.2	6.3	5.0	3.8
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	2.4	2.0	0.2	1.3	3.3	1.8	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.9	2.5	1.1
Outside (Location not Specified)	0.3	0.4	0.9	*	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.2
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.5	0.4	*	*	0.4	1.1	0.6^a	0.1	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.6	0.4	*	*	1.1	0.8	0.4	0.2	1.1	0.3	<0.1	0.4
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.1	0.5	*	<0.1	<0.1	1.1	*	0.2	*	0.5	0.1	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.16A – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	1,379	1,356	*	*	226	207	1,131	1,118	725	766	654	590
Purchased It Himself or Herself	586	595	*	*	80	60	501	510	294	342	293	253
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	506	521	*	*	60	38	446	464	259	306	248	216
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	345	365	*	*	49	35	295	311	186	236	159	128
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	155	134	*	*	11	3	144	131	68	55	87	80
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	4	17	*	*	*	<1	4	17	2	12	2	5
From Another Person	75	73	*	6	19	22	55	45	35	36	40	37
From Person under Age 21	24	33	*	*	3	17	21	12	4	16	20	17
From Person Aged 21 or Older	51	40	*	*	17	5	34	33	31	20	20	20
Purchased by Someone Else	771	743	*	6	146	143	609	595	416	412	355	331
Parent or Guardian	135^a	47	*	*	14	2	121^a	45	78	27	57	20
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	63	102	*	*	14	11	48	86	35	65	28	36
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	434	467	*	<1	54	85	371	382	217	254	216	213
Someone under Age 21	127	97	*	<1	59	43	62	54	77	45	50	52
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	3,934	3,619	*	*	1,218	1,206	2,521	2,209	1,872	1,615	2,062	2,004
Got It from Parent or Guardian	673	575	50	51	212	179	411	346	277	249	396	326
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	718	592	*	19	237	160	465	414	309	229	410	363
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	998	998	18	*	137	163	842	802	463	436	534	562
Got It from Someone under Age 21	639	498	21	17	323	274	296	206	312	219	327	278
Took It from Own Home	381	367	*	*	153	164	176	148	222	207	159	160
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	112	61	*	*	32	33	63	27	70	27	42	34
Got It Some Other Way²	237	296	6	17	76^a	138	154	141	118	131	119	165
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	102	123	3	12	34	57	65	54	58	48	45	74
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.16B – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	26.0	27.3	*	*	15.7	14.6	31.0	33.6	27.9	32.2	24.1	22.7
Purchased It Himself or Herself	11.1	12.0	*	*	5.5	4.3	13.8	15.4	11.4	14.4	10.8	9.8
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	9.6	10.5	*	*	4.2	2.7	12.3	14.0	10.0	12.9	9.2	8.3
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	6.5	7.4	*	*	3.4	2.4	8.1	9.4	7.2	10.0	5.9	5.0
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	2.9	2.7	*	*	0.8	0.2	4.0	4.0	2.6	2.3	3.2	3.1
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.1	0.4	*	*	*	<0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.2
From Another Person	1.4	1.5	*	2.6	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4
From Person under Age 21	0.5	0.7	*	*	0.2	1.2	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.7	0.7
From Person Aged 21 or Older	1.0	0.8	*	*	1.2	0.4	0.9	1.0	1.2	0.8	0.8	0.8
Purchased by Someone Else	14.6	15.0	*	2.3	10.1	10.1	16.8	18.0	16.1	17.4	13.1	12.8
Parent or Guardian	2.6^a	1.0	*	*	1.0	0.1	3.3^a	1.4	3.0	1.2	2.1	0.8
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	1.2	2.1	*	*	1.0	0.8	1.3	2.6	1.4	2.8	1.0	1.4
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	8.2	9.5	*	0.2	3.7	6.0	10.2	11.6	8.4	10.8	8.0	8.3
Someone under Age 21	2.4	2.0	*	0.1	4.1	3.0	1.7	1.6	3.0	1.9	1.9	2.0
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	74.0	72.7	*	*	84.3	85.4	69.0	66.4	72.1	67.8	75.9	77.3
Got It from Parent or Guardian	13.1	12.1	24.8	22.9	15.1	13.6	11.6	10.8	11.1	11.0	15.0	13.2
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	14.0	12.5	*	8.4	17.0	12.1	13.1	12.9	12.4	10.1	15.5	14.7
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	19.4	21.0	9.1	*	9.8	12.4	23.8	25.0	18.6	19.2	20.2	22.7
Got It from Someone under Age 21	12.4	10.5	10.2	7.8	23.1	20.8	8.4	6.4	12.5	9.7	12.4	11.2
Took It from Own Home	7.4	7.7	*	*	10.9	12.4	5.0	4.6	8.9	9.1	6.0	6.5
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	2.2	1.3	*	*	2.3	2.5	1.8	0.8	2.8	1.2	1.6	1.4
Got It Some Other Way²	4.6	6.2	3.2	7.4	5.5^a	10.5	4.4	4.4	4.7	5.8	4.5	6.7
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	2.0	2.6	1.3	5.3	2.5	4.4	1.8	1.7	2.3	2.1	1.7	3.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.17A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	159,394^a	163,322	6,517^b	7,341	152,877^a	155,980	19,947	19,948	132,930^a	136,033
Illicit Drugs	145,076^b	149,927	5,332^b	6,275	139,745^a	143,653	18,285	18,697	121,460^a	124,955
Illegally Made Fentanyl	1,432^a	1,911	43	56	1,389^a	1,855	181	176	1,208^a	1,680
Other substances
GHB	1,783	1,712	11	8	1,772	1,704	64	38	1,708	1,666
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	10,360	11,394	387	426	9,973	10,968	1,256	1,168	8,716^a	9,800
Kratom	5,142	5,381	78	102	5,064	5,279	735	800	4,329	4,479
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	6,768	7,576	191	193	6,577	7,383	681	630	5,896^a	6,753
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	805	897	29	63	775	834	54	94	721	740
CBD	91,805	92,901	3,478	3,268	88,327	89,633	13,513^a	12,845	74,814	76,787
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.17B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	56.2	56.7	25.1^b	28.3	59.4	59.5	58.6	57.1	59.5	59.8
Illicit Drugs	51.2	52.0	20.6^b	24.2	54.3	54.8	53.7	53.5	54.3	55.0
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.5^a	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.5^a	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5^a	0.7
Other substances
GHB	0.6	0.6	<0.1	<0.1	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.8	0.7
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	3.7	4.0	1.5	1.6	3.9	4.2	3.7	3.3	3.9	4.3
Kratom	1.8	1.9	0.3	0.4	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.3	1.9	2.0
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	2.4	2.6	0.7	0.7	2.6	2.8	2.0	1.8	2.6	3.0
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
CBD	32.4	32.2	13.4	12.6	34.3	34.2	39.7^b	36.8	33.5	33.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.18A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	89,297	89,289	4,746	4,768	84,551	84,521	14,862	14,470	69,689	70,051
Illicit Drugs	70,537^a	73,637	3,816	3,916	66,721^a	69,720	13,256	13,299	53,465^a	56,421
Illegally Made Fentanyl	627	668	36	38	591	630	78	99	513	531
Other substances
GHB	259	268	11	1	249	267	15	10	234	256
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	2,442	2,334	203	196	2,240	2,138	269	306	1,970	1,832
Kratom	1,630	1,851	43	65	1,587	1,786	212	293	1,374	1,493
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	749	889	129	144	620	745	226	195	393	550
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	155	222	17^a	53	138	169	16	54	122	116
CBD	51,663^a	49,138	2,575	2,357	49,088^a	46,781	8,605^b	7,531	40,483	39,250
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.18B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	31.5	31.0	18.3	18.4	32.8	32.2	43.7^a	41.4	31.2	30.8
Illicit Drugs	24.9	25.5	14.7	15.1	25.9	26.6	39.0	38.1	23.9	24.8
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other substances
GHB	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
Kratom	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.7
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.2
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.1	0.1	0.1^a	0.2	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
CBD	18.2^b	17.0	9.9	9.1	19.1^b	17.8	25.3^b	21.5	18.1	17.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.19A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	57,829	57,823	2,383	2,447	55,446	55,376	9,843	9,573	45,604	45,802
Illicit Drugs	47,657	48,224	1,864	1,950	45,794	46,273	8,901	8,884	36,892	37,390
Illegally Made Fentanyl	311	418	9	23	302	395	24	63	278	332
Other substances
GHB	150	161	5	1	145	160	9	2	136	159
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	743	814	59	68	685	746	67	69	618	677
Kratom	834	911	22	33	812	878	80	105	732	773
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	370	403	77	72	293	332	107	113	186	219
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	86	139	15	30	71	109	14	35	57	73
CBD	27,733	27,323	1,251	1,225	26,482	26,098	4,649^a	4,123	21,833	21,975
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.19B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	20.4	20.1	9.2	9.4	21.5	21.1	28.9	27.4	20.4	20.1
Illicit Drugs	16.8	16.7	7.2	7.5	17.8	17.6	26.2	25.4	16.5	16.4
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other substances
GHB	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Kratom	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
CBD	9.8	9.5	4.8	4.7	10.3	9.9	13.7^b	11.8	9.8	9.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.20A – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	47,590	47,428	2,295	2,020	45,295	45,408	10,489	10,194	34,806	35,214
Vaping	23,681^a	25,573	1,834	1,945	21,847^a	23,628	6,491	6,905	15,356	16,723
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	9,907	9,033	489	459	9,418	8,575	3,470^a	2,955	5,949	5,619
Eating or drinking	29,845^a	31,937	1,113	1,053	28,732^a	30,884	6,208	6,075	22,524^a	24,809
Other	8,605	9,076	232	256	8,373	8,819	1,236	1,137	7,137	7,682
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	4,813	5,495	141	108	4,672	5,387	746	649	3,926^a	4,739
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	3,400	2,944	30^a	78	3,370	2,866	432	383	2,938	2,483
Taking Pills	2,017	1,661	43	80	1,974	1,582	284	256	1,690	1,326
Some Other Way	433	499	30	59	403	441	108	62	295	379
PAST MONTH
Smoking	33,117	32,732	1,193	1,165	31,924	31,567	6,916	6,827	25,009	24,740
Vaping	15,796	16,818	959	1,106	14,836	15,713	4,305	4,390	10,532	11,322
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	6,025	5,491	259	218	5,765	5,273	2,029^a	1,657	3,737	3,616
Eating or drinking	16,381	16,970	494	391	15,887	16,579	3,209	3,051	12,678	13,528
Other	4,467	4,267	92	62	4,375	4,205	561	514	3,814	3,691
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	2,475	2,548	38	33	2,437	2,515	332	292	2,104	2,224
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	1,707	1,401	14	18	1,692	1,383	206	170	1,486	1,213
Taking Pills	986^a	696	31	19	955^a	677	131	90	825	587
Some Other Way	119	198	11	12	108	186	32	37	75	149
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.20B – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	77.0^b	73.9	79.3	75.0	76.9^b	73.8	84.4	83.4	74.9^b	71.5
Vaping	38.3	39.8	63.4^b	72.2	37.1	38.4	52.2^b	56.5	33.0	33.9
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	16.0^b	14.1	16.9	17.0	16.0^b	13.9	27.9^b	24.2	12.8	11.4
Eating or drinking	48.3	49.8	38.5	39.1	48.8	50.2	49.9	49.7	48.5	50.3
Other	13.9	14.1	8.0	9.5	14.2	14.3	9.9	9.3	15.4	15.6
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	7.8	8.6	4.9	4.0	7.9	8.8	6.0	5.3	8.4	9.6
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	5.5^a	4.6	1.0^a	2.9	5.7^a	4.7	3.5	3.1	6.3^a	5.0
Taking Pills	3.3^a	2.6	1.5	3.0	3.4^a	2.6	2.3	2.1	3.6^a	2.7
Some Other Way	0.7	0.8	1.0^a	2.2	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.5	0.6	0.8
PAST MONTH
Smoking	75.9	73.9	76.3	74.9	75.9	73.9	80.8	80.9	74.6	72.2
Vaping	36.2	38.0	61.3^b	71.1	35.3	36.8	50.3	52.0	31.4	33.0
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	13.8^a	12.4	16.6	14.0	13.7	12.3	23.7^b	19.6	11.1	10.5
Eating or drinking	37.5	38.3	31.6	25.2	37.8	38.8	37.5	36.1	37.8	39.5
Other	10.2	9.6	5.9	4.0	10.4	9.8	6.6	6.1	11.4	10.8
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	5.7	5.8	2.5	2.1	5.8	5.9	3.9	3.5	6.3	6.5
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	3.9	3.2	0.9	1.2	4.0	3.2	2.4	2.0	4.4	3.5
Taking Pills	2.3^a	1.6	2.0	1.3	2.3^a	1.6	1.5	1.1	2.5	1.7
Some Other Way	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.21A – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
TOTAL	15,796	16,818	959	1,106	14,836	15,713	4,305	4,390	10,532	11,322
SEX
Male	8,823	9,531	407	501	8,416	9,030	2,317	2,332	6,099	6,698
Female	6,972	7,287	552	605	6,420	6,683	1,988	2,058	4,432	4,624
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	13,040	14,055	685	797	12,355	13,258	3,432	3,452	8,923	9,806
AIAN	77	112	3	11	73	101	21	27	52	74
Asian	356	418	17	18	340	400	115	120	225	279
Black or African American	1,226	1,471	87	139	1,139	1,332	452	403	687	929
NHPI	*	63	*	*	*	*	*	6	*	*
White	10,676	11,297	509	598	10,167	10,699	2,625	2,651	7,543	8,048
Two or More Races	623	693	65^a	30	558	664	211	244	347	419
Hispanic or Latino	2,756	2,764	274	309	2,482	2,455	873	938	1,609	1,517
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	947	1,088	434	425	512	663
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	4,144	4,496	1,573	1,659	2,571	2,837
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	5,558	5,742	1,764	1,608	3,794	4,134
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	4,188	4,387	534	699	3,654	3,688
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	da	da	8,343	8,941	2,017	2,039	6,326	6,902
Part-Time	da	da	da	da	2,333	2,457	1,098	1,072	1,235	1,385
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	964	1,200	445	498	519	702
Other¹	da	da	da	da	3,196	3,115	745	782	2,451	2,333
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.21B – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
TOTAL	5.6	5.8	3.7	4.3	5.8	6.0	12.6	12.6	4.7	5.0
SEX
Male	6.4	6.8	3.1	3.8	6.7	7.1	13.6	13.3	5.6	6.1
Female	4.8	4.9	4.4	4.8	4.9	5.0	11.7	11.8	3.8	3.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.6	6.0	3.6	4.2	5.8	6.2	13.3	13.2	4.8	5.2
AIAN	5.7	8.2	1.4	5.3	6.6	8.7	15.1	17.6	5.4	7.4
Asian	2.0	2.2	1.1	1.2	2.1	2.3	5.2	5.0	1.6	1.9
Black or African American	3.5	4.2	2.4	3.9	3.7	4.2	9.9	8.8	2.6	3.4
NHPI	*	5.1	*	*	*	*	*	4.2	*	*
White	6.3	6.6	4.0	4.7	6.5	6.8	14.9	15.0	5.4	5.7
Two or More Races	10.1	10.7	7.0^b	2.8	10.6	12.2	19.3	21.3	8.3	9.8
Hispanic or Latino	5.3	5.1	4.0	4.5	5.5	5.1	10.6	10.7	4.3	3.9
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	3.9	4.5	12.2	12.0	2.5	3.2
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	6.0	6.4	13.6	13.6	4.4	4.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	7.2	7.4	13.4	12.1	5.9	6.4
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	4.8	4.9	9.3	11.7	4.5	4.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	da	da	6.9	7.4	14.6	14.5	5.9	6.4
Part-Time	da	da	da	da	7.4	7.6	13.1	12.2	5.3	5.9
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	8.4	9.3	13.3	13.6	6.4	7.6
Other¹	da	da	da	da	3.4	3.3	8.8	9.3	2.9	2.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.22A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	13,650	13,659	93	109	13,338	13,358
Marijuana	12,728	12,647	85	102	12,443	12,363
Cocaine	412	336	4	2	391	327
Crack	56	19	1	1	55	18
Heroin	94	58	2	*	85	54
Hallucinogens	866	777	3	6	854	764
LSD	92	53	*	3	92	50
PCP	<1	2	*	2	<1	*
Ecstasy	183	123	3	1	181	122
Psilocybin	--	432	--	2	--	424
Inhalants³	--	188	--	3	--	166
Methamphetamine	369	274	2	2	352	263
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,212	1,255	4	12	1,195	1,230
Pain Relievers	550	583	3	12	539	567
Prescription Opioids	505	521	3	12	494	505
Stimulants	446	435	<1	1	438	426
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	443	425	1	2	439	418
Tranquilizers	415	347	1	2	412	342
Sedatives	59	86	*	1	59	84
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	575	565	4	12	561	545
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1,083	974	5	3	1,051	950
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	2,444	--	17	--	2,379
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	15,180	15,121	179	232	14,729	14,633
Tobacco Products	9,149^b	8,129	96	141	8,886^b	7,837
Cigarettes	7,805^b	6,812	90	127	7,559^b	6,576
Daily Cigarettes	4,196^b	3,528	47	73	4,046^a	3,422
Smokeless Tobacco	413	479	3^a	15	402	449
Cigars	1,752	1,628	7^a	28	1,724	1,561
Pipe Tobacco	241	204	2	8	237	186
Nicotine Vaping	9,673	10,438	119	130	9,407	10,125
ALCOHOL	32,959	31,975	161	95	32,398	31,436
Binge Alcohol Use	17,227^b	15,542	91^a	24	16,895^b	15,260
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	3,883^b	3,096	1^a	8	3,829^b	3,011
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	625	588	4	12	611	567
Illegally Made Fentanyl	150	88	1	2	143	86
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.22B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	20.6	20.3	4.9	5.3	21.0	20.7
Marijuana	19.2	18.8	4.4	5.0	19.6	19.2
Cocaine	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.5
Crack	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.3	1.2	0.1	0.3	1.3	1.2
LSD	0.1	0.1	*	0.1	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	<0.1	*
Ecstasy	0.3	0.2	0.1	<0.1	0.3	0.2
Psilocybin	--	0.6	--	0.1	--	0.7
Inhalants³	--	0.3	--	0.1	--	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.4
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.8	1.9	0.2	0.6	1.9	1.9
Pain Relievers	0.8	0.9	0.1	0.6	0.9	0.9
Prescription Opioids	0.8	0.8	0.1	0.6	0.8	0.8
Stimulants	0.7	0.6	<0.1	<0.1	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.6
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.5
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.9	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.9	0.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.6	1.4	0.3	0.2	1.7	1.5
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	3.6	--	0.8	--	3.7
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	22.9	22.4	9.4	11.3	23.2	22.7
Tobacco Products	13.8^b	12.1	5.0	6.9	14.0^b	12.1
Cigarettes	11.8^b	10.1	4.7	6.2	11.9^b	10.2
Daily Cigarettes	6.3^b	5.2	2.5	3.6	6.4^b	5.3
Smokeless Tobacco	0.6	0.7	0.2	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cigars	2.6	2.4	0.4^a	1.4	2.7	2.4
Pipe Tobacco	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nicotine Vaping	14.6	15.5	6.2	6.4	14.8	15.7
ALCOHOL	49.8^b	47.4	8.4	4.7	51.1^b	48.7
Binge Alcohol Use	26.0^b	23.1	4.8^a	1.2	26.6^b	23.6
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	5.9^b	4.6	0.1^a	0.4	6.0^b	4.7
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.9	0.9	0.2	0.6	1.0	0.9
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.23A – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE^1,2
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	13,650	13,659	93	109	13,338	13,358	12,728	12,647	85	102	12,443	12,363	575	565	4	12	561	545
AGE GROUP
15-17	773	822	*	*	758	813	681	709	*	*	669	699	36	49	*	*	36	45
18-25	4,273	4,354	38	53	4,195	4,228	4,128	4,093	36	47	4,052	3,976	75	138	1	5	73	130
26-44	8,605	8,482	51	46	8,385	8,317	7,919	7,845	47	45	7,723	7,688	465	378	3	3	452	370
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	11,307	11,355	85	97	11,035	11,104	10,552	10,561	80	94	10,302	10,323	488	381	3	11	475	363
AIAN	*	87	*	*	*	82	*	86	*	*	*	81	7	<1	*	*	7	<1
Asian	378	449	*	*	359	437	330	428	*	*	312	416	16	10	*	*	16	10
Black or African American	2,122	1,928	12	24	2,070	1,886	1,997	1,825	9	24	1,956	1,784	100	65	*	*	98	60
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	8,094	8,223	65	51	7,906	8,051	7,536	7,611	63	49	7,359	7,452	351	246	3	7	340	234
Two or More Races	549	624	*	*	536	604	529	566	*	*	516	547	14^a	60	*	*	14	58
Hispanic or Latino	2,343	2,304	8	12	2,303	2,254	2,175	2,086	5	8	2,141	2,040	87^a	184	1	2	86^a	182
POVERTY LEVEL⁴
Less Than 100%	3,047	3,093	49	60	2,954	2,998	2,826	2,867	46	58	2,746	2,777	164	219	*	*	158	210
100-199%	2,917	2,793	12	14	2,856	2,751	2,730	2,571	11	13	2,674	2,531	161	150	1	1	158	149
200% or More	7,685	7,769	33	35	7,527	7,605	7,171	7,204	28	31	7,023	7,051	250	196	3	5	245	186
HEALTH INSURANCE⁵
Private	7,383	7,571	35	29	7,268	7,406	6,930	7,036	31	29	6,824	6,878	178	196	2	<1	174	192
Medicaid/CHIP	4,881	4,416	68	76	4,733	4,301	4,512	4,071	61	70	4,381	3,964	311	304	3	12	303	289
Other⁶	872	877	6	*	852	869	817	824	6	*	799	817	28	40	*	*	26	40
No Coverage	1,293	1,472	2	*	1,237	1,450	1,179	1,349	2	*	1,126	1,331	91	56	*	*	90	55
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ⁴ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.23B – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE^1,2
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	20.6	20.3	4.9	5.3	21.0	20.7	19.2	18.8	4.4	5.0	19.6	19.2	0.9	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.9	0.8
AGE GROUP
15-17	11.3	12.3	*	*	11.2	12.2	9.9	10.6	*	*	9.9	10.5	0.5	0.7	*	*	0.5	0.7
18-25	25.2	25.0	8.2	10.9	25.7	25.3	24.3	23.5	7.9	9.8	24.8	23.8	0.4	0.8	0.3	1.0	0.4	0.8
26-44	20.3	19.6	3.6	3.0	20.8	20.2	18.7	18.1	3.3	2.9	19.1	18.7	1.1	0.9	0.2	0.2	1.1	0.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	22.0	21.9	5.5	6.2	22.4	22.4	20.5	20.4	5.1	6.1	20.9	20.8	0.9	0.7	0.2	0.7	1.0	0.7
AIAN	*	27.9	*	*	*	27.8	*	27.7	*	*	*	27.6	2.2^a	0.1	*	*	2.4^a	0.1
Asian	7.8	9.0	*	*	7.6	9.0	6.8	8.5	*	*	6.6	8.6	0.3	0.2	*	*	0.3	0.2
Black or African American	23.2	21.2	3.9	9.0	23.7	21.7	21.8	20.1	2.9	9.0	22.4	20.5	1.1	0.7	*	*	1.1	0.7
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	23.0	23.4	5.9	4.9	23.6	24.0	21.5	21.7	5.7	4.7	21.9	22.2	1.0	0.7	0.3	0.7	1.0	0.7
Two or More Races	30.8	32.2	*	*	31.0	32.9	29.7	29.2	*	*	29.8	29.8	0.8^a	3.1	*	*	0.8	3.2
Hispanic or Latino	16.0	14.8	2.2	2.4	16.3	15.1	14.8	13.4	1.4	1.5	15.1	13.7	0.6	1.2	0.3	0.3	0.6	1.2
POVERTY LEVEL⁴
Less Than 100%	21.2	22.2	12.2	13.8	21.4	22.5	19.7	20.5	11.4	13.4	19.9	20.9	1.1	1.6	*	*	1.1	1.6
100-199%	22.3	19.8	3.4	3.7	22.7	20.2	20.9^a	18.2	3.2	3.4	21.2	18.6	1.2	1.1	0.4	0.1	1.3	1.1
200% or More	19.8	19.8	2.8	2.8	20.3	20.3	18.5	18.4	2.4	2.5	19.0	18.8	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.5
HEALTH INSURANCE⁵
Private	18.9	18.9	3.1	2.7	19.4	19.2	17.7	17.5	2.8	2.7	18.2	17.8	0.5	0.5	0.2	<0.1	0.5	0.5
Medicaid/CHIP	24.6	23.6	9.5	9.5	25.0	24.3	22.7	21.8	8.5	8.8	23.2	22.4	1.6	1.6	0.4	1.5	1.6	1.6
Other⁶	18.0	18.3	4.8	*	18.3	18.8	16.9	17.2	4.8	*	17.2	17.7	0.6	0.8	*	*	0.6	0.9
No Coverage	20.8	20.2	1.6	*	20.6	20.6	19.0	18.5	1.4	*	18.8	18.9	1.5	0.8	*	*	1.5	0.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ⁴ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.24A – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	9,149^b	8,129	96	141	8,886^b	7,837	7,805^b	6,812	90	127	7,559^b	6,576	4,196^b	3,528	47	73	4,046^a	3,422
AGE GROUP
15-17	208	149	*	*	202	149	165	111	*	*	158	110	2	3	*	*	2	3
18-25	2,003^a	1,745	30	22	1,956	1,686	1,502	1,303	25	18	1,461	1,258	360	310	11	2	344	305
26-44	6,938^a	6,234	66	119	6,729^a	6,002	6,139^a	5,398	65	109	5,941^a	5,208	3,834^a	3,215	36	71	3,700^a	3,113
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	7,822^a	7,002	89	117	7,583^a	6,754	6,714^b	5,834	85	105	6,490^b	5,638	3,840^b	3,170	47	55	3,693^b	3,082
AIAN	*	55	*	*	*	49	*	49	*	*	*	43	*	14	*	*	*	11
Asian	247^a	112	*	*	235^a	112	230^a	112	*	*	218	112	111^a	18	*	*	105^a	18
Black or African American	1,483	1,385	15	*	1,438	1,316	973	958	14	*	935	912	472	378	2	*	450	355
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	21	*	*	*	21	*	18	*	*	*	18
White	5,542	5,066	71	68	5,367	4,905	5,030^a	4,401	70	64	4,860^a	4,265	3,009^a	2,576	44	32	2,893	2,519
Two or More Races	414	332	*	*	411	322	355	293	*	*	354	284	187	166	*	*	187	161
Hispanic or Latino	1,327	1,126	7	*	1,304	1,084	1,091	978	*	*	1,069	938	356	358	<1	*	353	340
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	3,122^a	2,618	61	52	3,017^a	2,502	2,798^b	2,276	59	42	2,703^b	2,187	1,541	1,280	35	20	1,475	1,247
100-199%	2,257	2,181	16	*	2,194	2,128	1,879	1,844	15	*	1,818	1,797	1,142	980	4	12	1,104	957
200% or More	3,771	3,326	18	61	3,675^a	3,204	3,128^a	2,691	16	61	3,039^a	2,591	1,514	1,267	9	*	1,466	1,218
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	3,808	3,505	13	16	3,748	3,410	3,167	2,827	12	16	3,111	2,772	1,433	1,392	7	11	1,409	1,369
Medicaid/CHIP	4,142^b	3,509	69	101	3,986^a	3,378	3,632^a	3,050	66	90	3,482^a	2,930	2,294^b	1,750	26	61	2,206^b	1,669
Other⁴	716	713	3	*	696	697	632	603	*	*	613	587	342	361	*	*	326	359
No Coverage	1,158	1,082	*	*	1,125	1,021	948	904	*	*	919	846	536	398	*	*	510	391
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.24B – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	13.8^b	12.1	5.0	6.9	14.0^b	12.1	11.8^b	10.1	4.7	6.2	11.9^b	10.2	6.3^b	5.2	2.5	3.6	6.4^b	5.3
AGE GROUP
15-17	3.0	2.2	*	*	3.0	2.2	2.4	1.7	*	*	2.3	1.7	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
18-25	11.8^a	10.0	6.4	4.5	12.0^a	10.1	8.9^a	7.5	5.4	3.8	9.0^a	7.5	2.1	1.8	2.5	0.4	2.1	1.8
26-44	16.4^b	14.4	4.6	7.7	16.7^b	14.6	14.5^b	12.5	4.6	7.1	14.7^b	12.7	9.1^b	7.4	2.5	4.6	9.2^b	7.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	15.2^b	13.5	5.7	7.6	15.4^b	13.6	13.0^b	11.3	5.5	6.8	13.2^b	11.4	7.5^b	6.1	3.0	3.6	7.5^b	6.2
AIAN	*	17.8	*	*	*	16.8	*	15.7	*	*	*	14.6	*	4.5	*	*	*	3.8
Asian	5.1^a	2.2	*	*	5.0^a	2.3	4.7^a	2.2	*	*	4.6^a	2.3	2.3^a	0.4	*	*	2.2^a	0.4
Black or African American	16.2	15.3	5.0	*	16.5	15.2	10.6	10.6	4.5	*	10.7	10.5	5.1	4.2	0.6	*	5.2	4.1
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	5.4	*	*	*	5.6	*	4.6	*	*	*	4.8
White	15.8^a	14.4	6.4	6.5	16.0^a	14.6	14.3^b	12.5	6.4	6.1	14.5^b	12.7	8.6^a	7.3	4.0	3.1	8.6^a	7.5
Two or More Races	23.2	17.1	*	*	23.8	17.6	19.9	15.1	*	*	20.5	15.5	10.5	8.6	*	*	10.8	8.8
Hispanic or Latino	9.0	7.2	1.9	*	9.2	7.3	7.4	6.3	*	*	7.5	6.3	2.4	2.3	<0.1	*	2.5	2.3
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	21.7^a	18.7	15.4	12.0	21.8^a	18.8	19.5^b	16.3	14.7	9.7	19.6^a	16.4	10.7	9.2	8.7	4.5	10.7	9.4
100-199%	17.3	15.5	4.7	*	17.4	15.6	14.4	13.1	4.5	*	14.4	13.2	8.7	6.9	1.1	3.1	8.8	7.0
200% or More	9.7^a	8.5	1.6	4.9	9.9^a	8.5	8.1^a	6.9	1.4	4.9	8.2^a	6.9	3.9	3.2	0.8	*	4.0^a	3.2
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	9.7	8.7	1.1	1.4	10.0^a	8.8	8.1^a	7.0	1.1	1.4	8.3^a	7.2	3.7	3.5	0.6	1.1	3.8	3.5
Medicaid/CHIP	20.8	18.7	9.7	12.7	21.1	19.1	18.3	16.3	9.2	11.3	18.4	16.6	11.5^a	9.4	3.7	7.7	11.7^a	9.4
Other⁴	14.8	14.9	2.7	*	15.0	15.1	13.0	12.6	*	*	13.2	12.7	7.1	7.5	*	*	7.0	7.8
No Coverage	18.6^a	14.9	*	*	18.7^a	14.5	15.2	12.4	*	*	15.3^a	12.0	8.6^b	5.5	*	*	8.5^a	5.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.25A – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	32,959	31,975	161	95	32,398	31,436	17,227^b	15,542	91^a	24	16,895^b	15,260	3,883^b	3,096	1^a	8	3,829^b	3,011
AGE GROUP
15-17	858	800	*	*	843	800	501	447	*	*	492	447	63	49	*	*	61	49
18-25	8,620	8,397	16	21	8,502	8,280	4,981	4,678	13	13	4,909	4,604	1,218^b	940	<1	3	1,203^a	912
26-44	23,481	22,779	137	74	23,053	22,356	11,745^b	10,418	75^a	11	11,493^b	10,209	2,602^a	2,107	1	5	2,565^a	2,049
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	26,459	25,484	126	81	26,028	25,075	13,580^b	12,252	59	19	13,340^b	12,048	3,253^b	2,484	1	7	3,205^b	2,437
AIAN	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	17	*	*	*	17
Asian	1,584	1,559	*	*	1,582	1,555	621	605	*	*	619	604	112	62	*	*	112	62
Black or African American	4,333	4,156	*	12	4,258	4,079	2,237	2,274	*	9	2,186	2,222	508	391	*	3	506	389
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	9	*	*	*	9
White	19,411	18,544	92	64	19,071	18,230	10,048^b	8,752	31	7	9,872^b	8,607	2,418^b	1,910	1	3	2,372^b	1,868
Two or More Races	924	985	*	*	912	973	514	480	*	*	504	475	157	95	*	*	156	93
Hispanic or Latino	6,500	6,491	*	*	6,370	6,361	3,647	3,290	*	5	3,554	3,213	630	612	*	1	624	574
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	5,285^b	4,503	20	27	5,193^b	4,382	3,257^a	2,756	18	11	3,196^a	2,696	772^a	577	<1	4	763^a	556
100-199%	5,616	5,840	*	10	5,542	5,777	3,172	3,033	*	2	3,129	3,004	687	521	*	1	684	512
200% or More	22,055	21,598	100	58	21,660	21,244	10,795^a	9,737	44	11	10,567^a	9,544	2,424^a	1,997	1	4	2,382^a	1,941
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	21,981	21,600	83	56	21,674	21,264	10,894^a	9,851	30	7	10,741^a	9,694	2,421^b	1,914	1	2	2,384^b	1,878
Medicaid/CHIP	7,499^b	6,484	53	34	7,341^b	6,372	4,433^b	3,669	*	13	4,328^b	3,593	967^a	702	*	4	961^a	677
Other⁵	2,353	2,109	*	*	2,322	2,079	1,183	985	*	*	1,169	959	260	195	*	*	256	185
No Coverage	2,765	3,021	*	6	2,677	2,932	1,605	1,665	*	4	1,529	1,617	408	367	*	*	398	350
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.25B – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	49.8^b	47.4	8.4	4.7	51.1^b	48.7	26.0^b	23.1	4.8^a	1.2	26.6^b	23.6	5.9^b	4.6	0.1^a	0.4	6.0^b	4.7
AGE GROUP
15-17	12.5	11.9	*	*	12.4	12.0	7.3	6.7	*	*	7.3	6.7	0.9	0.7	*	*	0.9	0.7
18-25	50.8	48.3	3.4	4.3	52.1	49.6	29.4^a	26.9	2.9	2.7	30.1^a	27.6	7.2^b	5.4	0.1	0.6	7.4^b	5.5
26-44	55.4^b	52.6	9.7	4.9	57.1^b	54.3	27.7^b	24.1	5.3^a	0.7	28.5^b	24.8	6.1^b	4.9	<0.1	0.4	6.4^b	5.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	51.4^a	49.2	8.1	5.2	52.8^b	50.5	26.4^b	23.6	3.8	1.2	27.1^b	24.3	6.3^b	4.8	0.1	0.4	6.5^b	4.9
AIAN	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	5.4	*	*	*	5.7
Asian	32.6	31.1	*	*	33.5	32.1	12.8	12.1	*	*	13.1	12.5	2.3	1.2	*	*	2.4	1.3
Black or African American	47.3	45.8	*	4.6	48.8	47.0	24.4	25.1	*	3.2	25.0	25.6	5.5	4.3	*	1.0	5.8	4.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	2.4	*	*	*	2.5
White	55.3^a	52.9	8.4	6.1	56.8^a	54.2	28.6^b	25.0	2.8	0.7	29.4^b	25.6	6.9^b	5.4	<0.1	0.3	7.1^b	5.6
Two or More Races	51.8	50.9	*	*	52.7	53.0	28.8	24.8	*	*	29.2	25.9	8.8	4.9	*	*	9.0	5.1
Hispanic or Latino	44.3	41.6	*	*	45.0	42.7	24.8^a	21.1	*	1.0	25.1^a	21.6	4.3	3.9	*	0.3	4.4	3.9
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	36.8^b	32.2	5.0	6.2	37.6^b	32.9	22.7^a	19.7	4.6	2.5	23.1^a	20.3	5.4	4.1	0.1	0.9	5.5^a	4.2
100-199%	43.0	41.4	*	2.9	44.0	42.4	24.3	21.5	*	0.5	24.8	22.0	5.3^a	3.7	*	0.1	5.4^a	3.8
200% or More	56.9	55.0	8.6	4.7	58.5	56.6	27.9^b	24.8	3.7	0.9	28.5^b	25.4	6.3^a	5.1	<0.1	0.3	6.4^a	5.2
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	56.3^a	53.8	7.4	5.1	57.8^a	55.1	27.9^b	24.6	2.7	0.6	28.6^b	25.1	6.2^b	4.8	<0.1	0.2	6.4^b	4.9
Medicaid/CHIP	37.7^a	34.6	7.4	4.3	38.8^a	36.0	22.3^a	19.6	*	1.6	22.9^a	20.3	4.9^a	3.7	*	0.5	5.1^a	3.8
Other⁵	48.6	44.0	*	*	50.0	45.1	24.4	20.6	*	*	25.2	20.8	5.4	4.1	*	*	5.5	4.0
No Coverage	44.4	41.5	*	4.2	44.6	41.7	25.8	22.9	*	3.2	25.5	23.0	6.6	5.0	*	*	6.6	5.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.26A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	797	759	907	795	1,961	1,846	1,560	1,656
Marijuana	781	707	875	721	1,888	1,776	1,497	1,584
Cocaine	13	14	5	22	49	24	43	35
Crack	*	3	*	*	*	4	2	1
Heroin	*	*	*	2	<1	6	3	*
Hallucinogens	55	36	53	17	122	118	102	56
LSD	5	9	3	5	23	18	16	3
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	1	*	2
Ecstasy	8	7	4	4	11	15	17	8
Psilocybin	--	17	--	7	--	76	--	39
Inhalants³	--	23	--	25	--	58	--	14
Methamphetamine	*	6	*	*	17	10	10	8
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	49	50	66	71	105	48	85	102
Pain Relievers	4	6	1	23	42	25	43	66
Prescription Opioids	4	6	1	17	42	25	43	44
Stimulants	38	35	58	27	34	23	31	43
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	8	10	7	22	38^a	7	26	25
Tranquilizers	5	8	6	10	30	5	26	21
Sedatives	3	2	2	12	8	6	1	5
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	4	6	1	19	42	27	44	44
Central Nervous System Stimulants	50	54	62	49	96	51	79	75
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	120	--	127	--	212	--	190
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	821	767	855	711	2,347	2,174	1,906	1,889
Tobacco Products	446	435	323^a	215	1,345	1,187	735	664
Cigarettes	232	269	267^a	171	888	769	545	486
Daily Cigarettes	24	6	6	3	232^a	146	132	83
Smokeless Tobacco	114	122	32	21	287	335	53	34
Cigars	143	177	60	35	578	440	182	196
Pipe Tobacco	62	19	5	4	112	95	46	31
Nicotine Vaping	679	605	753	631	1,930	1,797	1,723	1,671
ALCOHOL	1,496	1,522	1,880	1,757	2,812	2,697	2,674	2,514
Binge Alcohol Use	871	886	1,085	931	1,622	1,590	1,655	1,521
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	197	240	260	173	410	371	437	316
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	5	17	1	25	45	40	46	45
Illegally Made Fentanyl	<1	11	*	8	3	14	2	2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.26B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	24.1	21.5	23.4	19.9	27.5	25.0	25.0	25.8
Marijuana	23.7	20.1	22.6^a	18.1	26.5	24.0	23.9	24.6
Cocaine	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.7	0.5
Crack	*	0.1	*	*	*	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	*	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	*
Hallucinogens	1.7	1.0	1.4	0.4	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.9
LSD	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	<0.1	*	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Psilocybin	--	0.5	--	0.2	--	1.0	--	0.6
Inhalants³	--	0.7	--	0.6	--	0.8	--	0.2
Methamphetamine	*	0.2	*	*	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.8	1.5	0.7	1.4	1.6
Pain Relievers	0.1	0.2	<0.1	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.7	1.0
Prescription Opioids	0.1	0.2	<0.1	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	1.1	1.0	1.5	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.5^a	0.1	0.4	0.4
Tranquilizers	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3
Sedatives	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.1	0.2	<0.1	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.2	1.4	0.7	1.3	1.2
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2.3,5	--	3.4	--	3.2	--	2.9	--	3.0
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	24.9	21.8	22.0^a	17.8	33.0	29.4	30.5	29.4
Tobacco Products	13.5	12.4	8.3^a	5.4	18.9	16.1	11.8	10.3
Cigarettes	7.0	7.6	6.9^a	4.3	12.5	10.4	8.7	7.6
Daily Cigarettes	0.7^a	0.2	0.2	0.1	3.3^a	2.0	2.1	1.3
Smokeless Tobacco	3.4	3.5	0.8	0.5	4.0	4.5	0.9	0.5
Cigars	4.3	5.0	1.5	0.9	8.1^a	6.0	2.9	3.0
Pipe Tobacco	1.9	0.5	0.1	0.1	1.6	1.3	0.7	0.5
Nicotine Vaping	20.5	17.2	19.4	15.8	27.1	24.3	27.6	26.0
ALCOHOL	45.3	43.2	48.5	44.0	39.5	36.5	42.8	39.1
Binge Alcohol Use	26.4	25.2	28.0^a	23.3	22.8	21.5	26.5	23.7
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	6.0	6.8	6.7^a	4.3	5.8	5.0	7.0^a	4.9
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.1	0.5	<0.1	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.7
Illegally Made Fentanyl	<0.1	0.3	*	0.2	<0.1	0.2	<0.1	<0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.27A – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,097	938	2,587	2,749
AGE
18	138	88	438	373
19	234	239	448	494
20	266	230	532	502
21	267	225	512	616
22	192	155	658	764
SEX
Male	563	472	1,536	1,471
Female	534	466	1,052^a	1,279
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	880	736	1,989	2,074
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	57	62	51	38
Black or African American	149	123	393	402
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	629	502	1,397	1,437
Two or More Races	38	48	121	149
Hispanic or Latino	217	203	599	675
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	182	230	1,108	1,190
Part-Time	570^a	378	610	638
Unemployed	103	89	400	414
Other²	242	241	470	508
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.27B – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	15.3	12.5	19.4	19.9
AGE
18	10.6	7.3	15.3	13.2
19	15.7	13.9	19.5	21.1
20	15.2	13.5	23.0	20.3
21	18.3	12.8	19.6	21.3
22	16.3	14.0	20.0	23.2
SEX
Male	17.0	13.4	21.6	19.9
Female	13.8	11.7	16.8	19.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	15.8	12.7	20.3	20.7
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	8.2	6.8	6.6	5.6
Black or African American	18.8	14.4	21.7	20.9
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	16.3	13.3	21.1	21.1
Two or More Races	20.0	17.9	25.9	32.3
Hispanic or Latino	13.4	11.9	16.7	17.8
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	14.2	16.1	22.0	22.4
Part-Time	18.8^b	12.3	20.1	19.2
Unemployed	19.7	15.9	22.9	21.6
Other²	10.3	9.8	13.2	15.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.28A – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,034	858	1,900	1,764
AGE
18	84	105	184	225
19	169	149	210	298
20	286	192	396^b	231
21	251	306	459	500
22	244^b	106	651	510
SEX
Male	443	464	1,032	858
Female	591^a	395	869	906
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	849	690	1,437	1,225
AIAN	*	*	6	*
Asian	82	65	88	59
Black or African American	83	82	206	169
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	649	523	1,034	899
Two or More Races	32	19	99	60
Hispanic or Latino	185	168	464	539
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	169	208	895	885
Part-Time	482	371	409	354
Unemployed	105	68	247	233
Other²	277	212	349	293
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.28B – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	14.4^a	11.4	14.2	12.8
AGE
18	6.4	8.7	6.4	8.0
19	11.3	8.6	9.2	12.7
20	16.4	11.3	17.1^b	9.3
21	17.2	17.3	17.6	17.3
22	20.6^b	9.6	19.8^a	15.5
SEX
Male	13.4	13.2	14.5^a	11.6
Female	15.2^b	9.9	13.9	14.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	15.2^a	11.9	14.7^a	12.2
AIAN	*	*	9.0	*
Asian	11.9	7.2	11.4	8.7
Black or African American	10.4	9.6	11.4	8.8
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	16.8	13.9	15.6	13.2
Two or More Races	16.8	6.9	21.3	13.1
Hispanic or Latino	11.4	9.9	12.9	14.2
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	13.2	14.5	17.8	16.7
Part-Time	15.9	12.1	13.5	10.6
Unemployed	20.1	12.1	14.1	12.2
Other²	11.8	8.6	9.8	9.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.29A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,768	1,498	3,615	3,635
AGE
18	194	158	549	488
19	336	330	553	636
20	470	337	743	616
21	434	439	763	877
22	335	234	1,007	1,018
SEX
Male	838	763	2,035	1,889
Female	930^a	735	1,580	1,747
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,415	1,199	2,757	2,678
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	120	114	116	91
Black or African American	180	168	498	472
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1,058	856	1,943	1,885
Two or More Races	50	59	167	174
Hispanic or Latino	353	299	858	957
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	303	364	1,585	1,636
Part-Time	866^a	630	837	818
Unemployed	149	121	515	518
Other²	451	384	678	663
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.29B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	24.6^b	19.9	27.0	26.3
AGE
18	14.9	13.1	19.1	17.4
19	22.5	19.1	24.1	27.1
20	26.9	19.8	32.2^a	24.9
21	29.8	24.9	29.2	30.3
22	28.3	21.0	30.7	30.9
SEX
Male	25.4	21.7	28.6	25.5
Female	24.0^b	18.4	25.3	27.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	25.4^a	20.6	28.2	26.7
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	17.4	12.7	15.1	13.4
Black or African American	22.7	19.8	27.6	24.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	27.4^a	22.8	29.4	27.7
Two or More Races	26.2	21.9	35.7	37.6
Hispanic or Latino	21.9	17.6	23.9	25.2
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	23.7	25.4	31.5	30.8
Part-Time	28.6^b	20.6	27.6	24.6
Unemployed	28.5	21.6	29.5	27.0
Other²	19.2	15.6	19.0	20.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,bThe difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.30A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	15,544^a	14,162	12,136	11,673	13,033	12,610	2,213	2,138	24,120	22,788
AGE GROUP
16-25	2,179	2,008	3,208	3,025	3,276	3,090	363	284	4,346	4,108
16-20	549	538	1,283	1,111	1,320	1,121	128	77	1,521	1,341
21-25	1,630	1,470	1,925	1,913	1,956	1,969	235	207	2,826	2,767
26 or Older	13,365^a	12,154	8,927	8,648	9,757	9,520	1,850	1,854	19,774	18,680
SEX
Male	9,724	9,082	7,874	7,705	8,394	8,382	1,398	1,510	15,224	14,716
Female	5,820^a	5,080	4,261	3,968	4,639	4,228	815	627	8,896	8,072
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	13,469^a	11,982	10,349	9,966	11,130	10,782	1,846	1,775	20,920	19,522
AIAN	28	37	90	52	97	52	30	1	109	86
Asian	374	365	222	232	244	242	39	18	555	530
Black or African American	1,266	989	1,529	1,616	1,561	1,670	149	152	2,259	2,182
NHPI	*	15	*	34	*	34	*	*	*	41
White	11,382	10,313	8,066	7,582	8,765	8,299	1,494	1,494	17,318	16,057
Two or More Races	329	264	348	451	368	484	51	104	574	625
Hispanic or Latino	2,075	2,180	1,787	1,707	1,903	1,828	367	363	3,200	3,266
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.30B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	5.9^b	5.3	4.6	4.3	4.9	4.7	0.8	0.8	9.2^a	8.6
AGE GROUP
16-25	5.1	4.6	7.5	6.9	7.8	7.2	0.9	0.7	10.4	9.6
16-20	2.6	2.5	6.2	5.2	6.4^a	5.3	0.6	0.4	7.5	6.4
21-25	7.5	6.6	8.9	8.6	9.1	8.9	1.1	0.9	13.2	12.6
26 or Older	6.0^a	5.4	4.0	3.8	4.4	4.2	0.8	0.8	9.0	8.4
SEX
Male	7.6	6.9	6.1	5.9	6.5	6.4	1.1	1.2	11.9	11.4
Female	4.3^a	3.7	3.1	2.9	3.4	3.1	0.6	0.5	6.6^a	5.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	6.2^b	5.5	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.9	0.9	0.8	9.7^a	9.0
AIAN	2.5	3.1	7.7	4.4	8.5	4.5	2.7	0.1	9.6	7.5
Asian	2.3	2.1	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	0.2	0.1	3.4	3.1
Black or African American	4.0	3.0	4.8	4.9	4.9	5.1	0.5	0.5	7.1	6.8
NHPI	*	1.2	*	2.9	*	3.0	*	*	*	3.7
White	7.1^a	6.4	5.0	4.7	5.5	5.2	0.9	0.9	10.8	10.1
Two or More Races	6.0	4.6	6.3	7.8	6.7	8.5	0.9	1.8	10.5	11.1
Hispanic or Latino	4.4	4.4	3.7	3.4	4.0	3.7	0.8	0.7	6.8	6.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.31A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	15,544^a	14,162	12,136	11,673	13,033	12,610	2,213	2,138	24,120	22,788
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2,488	2,222	2,314	1,978	2,426	2,071	266	294	4,196	3,560
Midwest	4,145	3,572	2,860	2,591	2,974	2,796	407	400	6,136	5,500
South	5,746^b	4,599	4,208	4,288	4,602	4,673	890	895	8,610	7,939
West	3,165	3,769	2,753	2,815	3,031	3,069	649	549	5,178	5,790
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	9,148	8,133	6,509	6,281	6,986	6,815	1,251	1,168	13,525	12,586
Small Metro	4,965	4,723	4,113	3,900	4,401	4,179	612	668	7,909	7,602
Nonmetro	1,431	1,306	1,513	1,491	1,645	1,616	350	301	2,685	2,600
Urbanized	595	510	678	640	741	683	143	96	1,125	1,027
Less Urbanized	698	716	746	762	813	840	200	165	1,338	1,413
Completely Rural	137	79	89	89	92	92	7	*	222	160
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	982	835	1,859	1,845	2,063	2,172	572	626	2,518	2,658
100-199%	1,791^b	1,254	2,355	2,101	2,604	2,238	472	405	3,710^a	2,949
200% or More	12,771	12,063	7,917	7,720	8,361	8,193	1,169	1,107	17,887	17,166
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	11,665	10,752	7,202	7,087	7,489	7,416	799	827	16,368	15,451
Medicaid/CHIP	1,606^a	1,253	2,902	2,640	3,240	3,010	851	828	4,067	3,598
Other⁵	2,696	2,572	2,034^a	1,479	2,146^a	1,620	240	256	4,293	3,815
No Coverage	1,208	1,011	1,410	1,370	1,604	1,519	429	342	2,203	2,049
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.31B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	5.9^b	5.3	4.6	4.3	4.9	4.7	0.8	0.8	9.2^a	8.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	5.4	4.8	5.0	4.2	5.3	4.5	0.6	0.6	9.2^a	7.7
Midwest	7.7^a	6.5	5.3	4.7	5.5	5.1	0.8	0.7	11.4	10.1
South	5.7^b	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.5	0.9	0.9	8.5	7.7
West	5.1	5.9	4.4	4.4	4.9	4.9	1.0	0.9	8.4	9.2
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6.3^a	5.4	4.4	4.2	4.8	4.6	0.9	0.8	9.3^a	8.5
Small Metro	6.0	5.5	4.9	4.5	5.3	4.9	0.7	0.8	9.6	8.9
Nonmetro	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.7	5.0	1.0	0.9	7.7	8.1
Urbanized	4.2	3.8	4.8	4.8	5.2	5.1	1.0	0.7	8.0	7.8
Less Urbanized	3.9	4.4	4.1	4.7	4.5	5.2	1.1	1.0	7.5	8.8
Completely Rural	4.8	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.5	0.2	*	7.8	6.1
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	2.4	2.0	4.5	4.3	5.1	5.2	1.4	1.5	6.2	6.4
100-199%	3.6^b	2.4	4.7	4.0	5.2	4.3	0.9	0.8	7.4^b	5.8
200% or More	7.4	6.9	4.6	4.4	4.8	4.7	0.7	0.6	10.4	9.9
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	7.3^a	6.5	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.5	0.5	0.5	10.3^a	9.4
Medicaid/CHIP	3.0	2.4	5.5	5.1	6.2	5.9	1.6	1.6	7.8	7.1
Other⁵	3.5	3.3	2.6^b	1.9	2.8^a	2.1	0.3	0.3	5.6	5.0
No Coverage	5.3	4.2	6.1	5.6	7.0	6.3	1.9	1.4	9.7	8.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.32A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	45,794	46,273	1,275	1,163	43,940	44,401	510	523	44,709	45,070
Marijuana	42,083	42,712	1,071	954	40,530	41,132	415	397	41,189	41,718
Cocaine	1,792	1,658	112	114	1,643	1,521	59	73	1,696	1,562
Crack	503	392	41	44	460	340	50	46	450	338
Heroin	372	258	70	31	284	209	21	*	333	218
Hallucinogens	2,528	2,660	160	96	2,339	2,514	93	84	2,406	2,526
LSD	282	244	15	12	254	226	4	2	265	235
PCP	17	46	*	*	17	45	*	*	17	45
Ecstasy	453	524	33	15	418	484	*	20	405	480
Psilocybin	--	1,686	--	41	--	1,632	--	39	--	1,634
Inhalants³	--	852	--	36	--	792	--	*	--	809
Methamphetamine	1,566	1,383	258	174	1,262	1,187	124	60	1,396	1,302
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	3,884	4,103	300^a	146	3,481	3,882	123	76	3,658	3,952
Pain Relievers	2,030	2,000	194	81	1,798	1,906	73	47	1,919	1,940
Prescription Opioids	1,901	1,845	186	81	1,700	1,751	73	47	1,813	1,784
Stimulants	1,131	1,206	80	39	1,040	1,147	37	27	1,083	1,159
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,192	1,442	112	63	1,020	1,318	58^a	8	1,074	1,373
Tranquilizers	1,015	1,231	105	61	853	1,109	58^a	8	900	1,163
Sedatives	271	243	7	5	261	234	*	1	268	238
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	2,166	2,010	239	108	1,895	1,870	89	68	2,046	1,912
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4,103	3,854	382	291	3,636	3,506	175	140	3,843	3,658
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	8,861	--	459	--	8,235	--	267	--	8,429
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	62,469	61,958	2,324	2,039	59,426	58,869	996	1,077	60,774	59,854
Tobacco Products	49,406	47,540	1,956	1,657	46,887	45,028	851	912	48,007	45,794
Cigarettes	38,348	37,460	1,706	1,492	36,161	35,269	754	789	37,128	35,979
Daily Cigarettes	22,754	22,261	1,131	944	21,378	20,920	444	526	22,068	21,343
Smokeless Tobacco	6,931	6,554	280	275	6,580	6,173	117	180	6,748	6,282
Cigars	10,610^a	9,312	451	315	10,074^a	8,872	139	196	10,390^a	8,995
Pipe Tobacco	1,955	1,773	112	61	1,821	1,662	51	25	1,882	1,698
Nicotine Vaping	24,850	26,112	1,103	1,211	23,423	24,449	458	604	24,077	25,092
ALCOHOL	132,929	132,605	1,420	1,389	130,182	129,856	602	690	131,018	130,554
Binge Alcohol Use	60,412^b	56,963	989	967	58,677^a	55,289	391	456	59,283^a	55,800
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	16,271^b	14,443	441	380	15,553^b	13,835	174	207	15,820^b	13,997
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	2,271	2,163	255^a	116	1,983	2,013	93	72	2,146	2,059
Illegally Made Fentanyl	302	395	105^a	23	196^a	369	54	11	247	381
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.32B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	17.8	17.6	39.0	37.0	17.5	17.3	33.9	32.5	17.6	17.5
Marijuana	16.3	16.3	32.8	30.4	16.1	16.0	27.6	24.7	16.3	16.2
Cocaine	0.7	0.6	3.4	3.6	0.7	0.6	3.9	4.5	0.7	0.6
Crack	0.2	0.1	1.2	1.4	0.2	0.1	3.4	2.9	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	2.2	1.0	0.1	0.1	1.4	*	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.0	1.0	4.9	3.1	0.9	1.0	6.2	5.2	0.9	1.0
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.2	*	1.2	0.2	0.2
Psilocybin	--	0.6	--	1.3	--	0.6	--	2.4	--	0.6
Inhalants³	--	0.3	--	1.2	--	0.3	--	*	--	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.5	7.9	5.5	0.5	0.5	8.2	3.7	0.6	0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.5	1.6	9.2^a	4.7	1.4	1.5	8.2	4.7	1.4	1.5
Pain Relievers	0.8	0.8	5.9	2.6	0.7	0.7	4.9	2.9	0.8	0.8
Prescription Opioids	0.7	0.7	5.7	2.6	0.7	0.7	4.9	2.9	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	0.4	0.5	2.4	1.2	0.4	0.4	2.4	1.7	0.4	0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.5	3.4	2.0	0.4	0.5	3.9^a	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.5	3.2	2.0	0.3	0.4	3.9^a	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.8	0.8	7.3	3.4	0.8	0.7	5.9	4.2	0.8	0.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.6	1.5	11.7	9.3	1.4	1.4	11.7	8.7	1.5	1.4
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	3.4	--	14.6	--	3.2	--	16.6	--	3.3
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	24.3	23.6	71.2	64.9	23.6	23.0	66.2	66.9	24.0	23.2
Tobacco Products	19.2^a	18.1	59.9	52.8	18.6^a	17.6	56.6	56.7	18.9^b	17.8
Cigarettes	14.9	14.3	52.3	47.5	14.4	13.8	50.1	49.0	14.7	14.0
Daily Cigarettes	8.8	8.5	34.6	30.1	8.5	8.2	29.5	32.7	8.7	8.3
Smokeless Tobacco	2.7	2.5	8.6	8.8	2.6	2.4	7.8	11.2	2.7	2.4
Cigars	4.1^b	3.6	13.8	10.0	4.0^b	3.5	9.3	12.2	4.1^b	3.5
Pipe Tobacco	0.8	0.7	3.4	2.0	0.7	0.6	3.4	1.6	0.7	0.7
Nicotine Vaping	9.6	10.0	33.8	38.6	9.3	9.5	30.4	37.5	9.5	9.7
ALCOHOL	51.6	50.6	43.5	44.2	51.8	50.7	40.0	42.9	51.7	50.6
Binge Alcohol Use	23.5^b	21.7	30.3	30.8	23.3^b	21.6	26.0	28.3	23.4^b	21.6
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	6.3^b	5.5	13.5	12.1	6.2^b	5.4	11.6	12.9	6.2^b	5.4
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.9	0.8	7.8	3.7	0.8	0.8	6.2	4.4	0.8	0.8
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.2	3.2^a	0.7	0.1^a	0.1	3.6	0.7	0.1	0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.33A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	Aged 18-49¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	32,369	32,405	1,139	921	30,846	31,031	467	429	31,523	31,544
Marijuana	30,102	30,145	979	793	28,787	28,938	388	359	29,381	29,392
Cocaine	1,158	1,185	110	70	1,011	1,091	58	43	1,065	1,119
Crack	188	163	41	22	146	132	50	*	136	130
Heroin	293	176	50	29	225	129	21	*	254^a	136
Hallucinogens	2,327	2,286	160	74	2,137	2,170	93	62	2,205	2,182
LSD	257	225	15	12	229	207	4	2	240	216
PCP	8	19	*	*	8	19	*	*	8	19
Ecstasy	433	436	33	15	398	397	*	*	385	392
Psilocybin	--	1,414	--	19	--	1,382	--	17	--	1,384
Inhalants³	--	647	--	26	--	598	--	*	--	604
Methamphetamine	1,162	916	252	138	863	755	124	49	992	846
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2,616	2,676	254^a	114	2,328	2,535	95	51	2,487	2,598
Pain Relievers	1,217	1,221	181^a	49	1,014	1,159	61	23	1,133	1,185
Prescription Opioids	1,145	1,087	172^a	49	961	1,025	61	23	1,072	1,051
Stimulants	1,016	1,048	63	39	944	996	*	*	971	1,008
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	753	856	94	55	652	782	42	8	705	829
Tranquilizers	692	733	88	54	601	661	42	8	647	707
Sedatives	113	155	7	5	104	145	*	1	110	150
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	1,362	1,221	205^a	74	1,129	1,115	77	44	1,257	1,147
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,006	2,879	358	233	2,566	2,597	174	108	2,751	2,723
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	6,337	--	342	--	5,884	--	188	--	6,040
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	40,498	40,337	1,927	1,709	38,118	37,977	847	853	39,213	38,847
Tobacco Products	29,215^b	27,367	1,585	1,327	27,293^a	25,522	712	688	28,178^a	26,173
Cigarettes	22,324^b	20,710	1,373	1,173	20,669^a	19,134	630	587	21,423^a	19,718
Daily Cigarettes	11,742^b	10,444	923	679	10,672^a	9,584	386	356	11,208^a	9,904
Smokeless Tobacco	4,214	4,527	261	193	3,892	4,261	117	102	4,040	4,366
Cigars	7,382^a	6,515	375	260	6,950^a	6,154	122	130	7,203^a	6,287
Pipe Tobacco	1,153	1,045	70	54	1,061	950	51	8	1,080	996
Nicotine Vaping	21,156^b	22,980	1,024	1,066	19,923^a	21,541	448	502	20,509^a	22,132
ALCOHOL	75,989	75,109	1,247	1,054	73,991	73,216	525	438	74,727	73,836
Binge Alcohol Use	40,155^b	37,625	867	772	38,882^a	36,354	338	329	39,419^a	36,798
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	10,290^b	9,166	371	307	9,781^a	8,706	151	122	10,002^b	8,880
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	1,467	1,328	221^a	82	1,216	1,212	81	47	1,357	1,249
Illegally Made Fentanyl	276	260	93^a	23	182	234	42	11	233	246
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.33B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	Aged 18-49¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	23.5	23.0	43.9	38.6	23.1	22.7	41.3	36.8	23.3	22.9
Marijuana	21.9	21.4	37.7	33.3	21.5	21.2	34.4	30.8	21.7	21.3
Cocaine	0.8	0.8	4.3	3.0	0.8	0.8	5.1	3.7	0.8	0.8
Crack	0.1	0.1	1.6	0.9	0.1	0.1	4.5	*	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.2	0.1	1.9	1.2	0.2	0.1	1.9	*	0.2^a	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.7	1.6	6.2	3.1	1.6	1.6	8.2	5.3	1.6	1.6
LSD	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.3	0.3	1.3	0.6	0.3	0.3	*	*	0.3	0.3
Psilocybin	--	1.0	--	0.8	--	1.0	--	1.5	--	1.0
Inhalants³	--	0.5	--	1.1	--	0.4	--	*	--	0.4
Methamphetamine	0.8	0.7	9.7	5.8	0.6	0.6	11.0	4.2	0.7	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.9	1.9	9.8	4.8	1.7	1.9	8.5	4.4	1.8	1.9
Pain Relievers	0.9	0.9	7.0^a	2.0	0.8	0.8	5.4	2.0	0.8	0.9
Prescription Opioids	0.8	0.8	6.6^a	2.0	0.7	0.7	5.4	2.0	0.8	0.8
Stimulants	0.7	0.7	2.4	1.6	0.7	0.7	*	*	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.6	3.6	2.3	0.5	0.6	3.7	0.7	0.5	0.6
Tranquilizers	0.5	0.5	3.4	2.3	0.4	0.5	3.7	0.7	0.5	0.5
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	1.0	0.9	7.9^a	3.1	0.8	0.8	6.8	3.7	0.9	0.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2.2	2.0	13.8	9.8	1.9	1.9	15.4	9.3	2.0	2.0
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	4.5	--	14.3	--	4.3	--	16.1	--	4.4
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	29.4	28.7	74.3	71.7	28.5	27.8	75.1	73.2	29.0	28.1
Tobacco Products	21.2^b	19.4	61.1	55.7	20.4^b	18.7	63.1	59.0	20.9^b	19.0
Cigarettes	16.2^b	14.7	52.9	49.2	15.5^b	14.0	55.8	50.4	15.9^b	14.3
Daily Cigarettes	8.5^b	7.4	35.6	28.5	8.0^b	7.0	34.2	30.5	8.3^b	7.2
Smokeless Tobacco	3.1	3.2	10.1	8.1	2.9	3.1	10.4	8.7	3.0	3.2
Cigars	5.4^b	4.6	14.4	10.9	5.2^b	4.5	10.8	11.2	5.3^b	4.6
Pipe Tobacco	0.8	0.7	2.7	2.3	0.8	0.7	4.5	0.6	0.8	0.7
Nicotine Vaping	15.4^a	16.3	39.5	44.7	14.9^a	15.8	39.7	43.1	15.2^a	16.0
ALCOHOL	55.3^b	53.4	48.1	44.2	55.4^b	53.5	46.6	37.6	55.3^b	53.5
Binge Alcohol Use	29.2^b	26.7	33.4	32.4	29.1^b	26.6	29.9	28.2	29.2^b	26.7
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	7.5^b	6.5	14.3	12.9	7.3^b	6.4	13.4	10.5	7.4^b	6.4
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	1.1	0.9	8.5^a	3.5	0.9	0.9	7.2	4.0	1.0	0.9
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.2	3.6^a	1.0	0.1	0.2	3.7	0.9	0.2	0.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.34A – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	45,794	46,273	1,275	1,163	43,940	44,401	510	523	44,709	45,070
AGE GROUP
18-49	32,369	32,405	1,139	921	30,846	31,031	467	429	31,523	31,544
18-25	8,901	8,884	252	248	8,583	8,502	*	*	8,743	8,654
26-34	10,916	10,256	370	262	10,437	9,837	*	*	10,694	9,975
35-49	12,551	13,266	518	411	11,826	12,692	*	207	12,086	12,915
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	25,695	26,089	872	856	24,604	24,792	347	387	25,134	25,261
Male 18-49	18,060	18,070	787	653	17,090	17,139	317	308	17,565	17,482
Female 18 or Older	20,099	20,185	403	307	19,336	19,609	*	*	19,576	19,809
Female 18-49	14,309	14,335	352	268	13,756	13,892	*	*	13,958	14,061
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.34B – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	17.8	17.6	39.0	37.0	17.5	17.3	33.9	32.5	17.6	17.5
AGE GROUP
18-49	23.5	23.0	43.9	38.6	23.1	22.7	41.3	36.8	23.3	22.9
18-25	26.2	25.4	48.3	47.3	25.8	25.0	*	*	26.1	25.2
26-34	27.1^a	25.0	42.4	35.3	26.8^a	24.7	*	*	27.0^a	24.8
35-49	19.8	20.5	43.1	36.8	19.3	20.2	*	32.5	19.5	20.4
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	20.5	20.4	37.6	37.6	20.2	20.0	30.1	31.0	20.4	20.2
Male 18-49	26.4	25.7	42.7	38.1	25.9	25.4	37.1	33.9	26.2	25.6
Female 18 or Older	15.2	15.0	42.6	35.6	14.9	14.8	*	*	15.0	14.9
Female 18-49	20.7	20.3	46.8	40.0	20.4	20.1	*	*	20.5	20.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.35A – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	25,373	26,480	1,196	1,194	23,709	24,748	408	487	24,501	25,461
AGE GROUP
18-49	18,672	19,709	1,008	915	17,383	18,476	367	366	18,029	19,023
18-25	6,113	6,210	189	224	5,857	5,870	77	*	5,970	6,001
26-34	5,975	6,424	336	293	5,564	6,028	*	*	5,792	6,215
35-49	6,584	7,075	483	399	5,962	6,579	*	171	6,267	6,807
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	14,695	15,356	793	827	13,696	14,232	283	326	14,209	14,734
Male 18-49	10,705^a	11,576	686	658	9,875	10,712	256	281	10,310	11,089
Female 18 or Older	10,678	11,124	404	367	10,013	10,516	*	*	10,292	10,727
Female 18-49	7,967	8,132	322	257	7,508	7,765	*	*	7,719	7,934
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.35B – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	9.9	10.1	36.7	38.0	9.4	9.7	27.1	30.3	9.7	9.9
AGE GROUP
18-49	13.6	14.0	38.9	38.4	13.0	13.5	32.5	31.4	13.3	13.8
18-25	18.0	17.8	36.3	42.7	17.6	17.2	34.6	*	17.8	17.4
26-34	14.8	15.7	38.5	39.5	14.3	15.1	*	*	14.6	15.5
35-49	10.4	10.9	40.2	35.7	9.7	10.5	*	26.9	10.1	10.7
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	11.7	12.0	34.2	36.3	11.2	11.5	24.6	26.1	11.5	11.8
Male 18-49	15.6	16.5	37.2	38.4	15.0	15.9	29.9	30.9	15.4	16.2
Female 18 or Older	8.1	8.3	42.7	42.6	7.7	7.9	*	*	7.9	8.1
Female 18-49	11.5	11.5	42.8	38.4	11.1	11.2	*	*	11.3	11.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.36A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	46,272	46,327	1,611	1,615	43,822	43,931	586	755	44,853	44,795
AGE GROUP
18-49	32,524	32,526	1,333	1,218	30,746	30,845	515	533	31,570	31,525
18-25	9,228	9,056	253	276	8,890	8,632	*	*	9,027	8,797
26-34	10,522	10,300	454	374	9,950	9,796	*	*	10,258	10,028
35-49	12,774	13,170	627	568	11,906	12,417	*	*	12,285	12,701
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	26,883	27,255	1,089	1,139	25,350	25,648	411	529	26,033	26,256
Male 18-49	18,459	19,203	929	869	17,283	18,016	377	393	17,841	18,489
Female 18 or Older	19,389	19,073	522	477	18,472	18,283	*	*	18,819	18,539
Female 18-49	14,065	13,323	404	349	13,463	12,829	*	*	13,729	13,036
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.36B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	18.0	17.7	49.4	51.5	17.4	17.1	39.0	46.9	17.7	17.4
AGE GROUP
18-49	23.6	23.1	51.4	51.1	23.0	22.6	45.6	45.7	23.4	22.8
18-25	27.1	25.9	48.5	52.7	26.8	25.4	*	*	26.9	25.6
26-34	26.1	25.1	52.0	50.5	25.5	24.6	*	*	25.9	25.0
35-49	20.2	20.3	52.2	50.7	19.4	19.7	*	*	19.8	20.0
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	21.4	21.3	47.0	50.0	20.8	20.7	35.7	42.3	21.1	21.0
Male 18-49	26.9	27.4	50.5	50.7	26.2	26.7	44.2	43.2	26.6	27.1
Female 18 or Older	14.7	14.2	55.2	55.3	14.3	13.8	*	*	14.5	13.9
Female 18-49	20.4^a	18.9	53.7	52.0	19.9^a	18.5	*	*	20.2^a	18.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.37A – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	30,511	31,735	64,434^b	67,817
AGE GROUP
18-25	2,782	2,842	13,597	13,193
26 or Older	27,729	28,893	50,837^b	54,624
26-49	14,881	15,255	31,453^b	33,757
50 or Older	12,848	13,638	19,384	20,867
SEX
Male	18,544	19,104	26,025^b	28,132
Female	11,967	12,631	38,410	39,685
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	27,018	27,541	55,760^b	58,907
AIAN	210	209	314	234
Asian	607	727	2,475	2,911
Black or African American	2,069	2,474	4,940	5,366
NHPI	*	66	*	106
White	22,990	23,000	45,793	47,922
Two or More Races	1,036	1,065	2,009	2,369
Hispanic or Latino	3,493	4,194	8,674	8,910
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	2,436	2,349	3,927	3,490
High School Graduate	7,832	7,463	13,252	13,483
Some College/Associate’s Degree	10,338	11,010	22,036	22,861
College Graduate	9,904^a	10,913	25,219^b	27,983
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	15,834	15,894	32,674	32,749
Part-Time	3,751	4,170	10,004	10,673
Unemployed	1,486	1,735	2,951^b	3,844
Other³	9,439	9,935	18,805	20,551
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.37B – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	12.0	12.2	25.3	26.1
AGE GROUP
18-25	8.2	8.2	40.3^a	38.2
26 or Older	12.5	12.8	23.0^a	24.2
26-49	14.5	14.5	30.7^a	32.2
50 or Older	10.8	11.3	16.3	17.3
SEX
Male	14.9	15.1	20.9^a	22.2
Female	9.1	9.5	29.4	29.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12.9	12.9	26.5^a	27.7
AIAN	18.6	17.8	27.8	20.0
Asian	3.9	4.3	15.6	17.2
Black or African American	6.7	7.9	16.1	17.1
NHPI	*	5.7	*	9.2
White	14.7	14.6	29.3^a	30.5
Two or More Races	19.8	19.8	38.4	43.9
Hispanic or Latino	7.8	8.9	19.3	18.9
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	10.1	9.9	16.3	14.7
High School Graduate	11.4	10.7	19.3	19.4
Some College/Associate’s Degree	13.5	14.3	28.8	29.7
College Graduate	11.5	12.2	29.4^a	31.3
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	13.2	13.2	27.2	27.2
Part-Time	12.0	13.0	32.0	33.3
Unemployed	13.0	13.6	25.9^a	30.2
Other³	10.2	10.5	20.4	21.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.38A – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	22,219	23,525	42,663^a	44,968
AGE GROUP
18-25	1,796	1,909	8,708	8,269
26 or Older	20,423	21,616	33,955^b	36,698
26-49	10,856	11,130	20,151^b	21,718
50 or Older	9,567	10,487	13,804	14,981
SEX
Male	13,538	14,303	16,998^a	18,358
Female	8,681	9,222	25,665	26,609
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	19,534	20,568	36,743^b	39,181
AIAN	144	172	198	164
Asian	407	484	1,580	1,801
Black or African American	1,485	1,814	2,966	3,306
NHPI	*	46	*	85
White	16,695	17,174	30,762	32,180
Two or More Races	752	878	1,124^a	1,646
Hispanic or Latino	2,685	2,957	5,920	5,786
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,736	1,883	2,317	2,250
High School Graduate	6,006	5,714	8,163	8,390
Some College/Associate’s Degree	7,626^a	8,593	14,445	14,642
College Graduate	6,851	7,335	17,739^b	19,686
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	11,431	11,388	21,728	22,030
Part-Time	2,702	2,945	6,872	7,078
Unemployed	948^a	1,340	1,785^b	2,367
Other³	7,137	7,852	12,277	13,493
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.38B – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	8.7	9.1	16.7	17.3
AGE GROUP
18-25	5.3	5.5	25.9^a	24.1
26 or Older	9.2	9.6	15.4^a	16.3
26-49	10.6	10.6	19.7	20.7
50 or Older	8.0	8.7	11.6	12.4
SEX
Male	10.9	11.3	13.7	14.5
Female	6.6	6.9	19.7	20.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.3	9.7	17.5^a	18.4
AIAN	12.7	14.7	17.6	14.1
Asian	2.6	2.9	10.0	10.6
Black or African American	4.8	5.8	9.7	10.6
NHPI	*	4.0	*	7.3
White	10.7	10.9	19.7	20.5
Two or More Races	14.4	16.3	21.5^b	30.5
Hispanic or Latino	6.0	6.3	13.2	12.3
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	7.2	7.9	9.6	9.5
High School Graduate	8.8	8.2	11.9	12.1
Some College/Associate’s Degree	10.0	11.1	18.9	19.0
College Graduate	8.0	8.2	20.7	22.0
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	9.5	9.5	18.1	18.3
Part-Time	8.6	9.2	22.0	22.1
Unemployed	8.3	10.5	15.7^a	18.6
Other³	7.7	8.3	13.3	14.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.39A – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	22,219	23,525	42,663	44,968
AGE GROUP
18-25	1,796	1,909	8,708	8,269
26 or Older	20,423	21,616	33,955^a	36,698
26-49	10,856	11,130	20,151^a	21,718
50 or Older	9,567	10,487	13,804	14,981
SEX
Male	13,538	14,303	16,998	18,358
Female	8,681	9,222	25,665	26,609
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	19,534	20,568	36,743^a	39,181
AIAN	*	*	*	164
Asian	*	*	1,580	1,801
Black or African American	1,485	1,814	2,966	3,306
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	16,695	17,174	30,762	32,180
Two or More Races	752	878	1,124^a	1,646
Hispanic or Latino	2,685	2,957	5,920	5,786
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,736	1,883	2,317	2,250
High School Graduate	6,006	5,714	8,163	8,390
Some College/Associate’s Degree	7,626	8,593	14,445	14,642
College Graduate	6,851	7,335	17,739^a	19,686
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	11,431	11,388	21,728	22,030
Part-Time	2,702	2,945	6,872	7,078
Unemployed	948^a	1,340	1,785^b	2,367
Other³	7,137	7,852	12,277	13,493
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.39B – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	73.1	74.3	66.6	66.9
AGE GROUP
18-25	65.1	67.5	64.6	63.4
26 or Older	73.9	75.0	67.1	67.7
26-49	73.2	73.1	64.4	64.9
50 or Older	74.8	77.1	71.7	72.2
SEX
Male	73.3	75.0	65.8	66.0
Female	72.9	73.2	67.2	67.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	72.6	74.9	66.3	67.0
AIAN	*	*	*	71.6
Asian	*	*	64.5	62.5
Black or African American	71.8	73.6	60.2	63.3
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	72.8	74.8	67.5	67.4
Two or More Races	73.9	82.7	56.3^a	69.7
Hispanic or Latino	76.9	70.6	68.9	66.1
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	71.3	80.3	59.3	64.8
High School Graduate	77.1	76.8	62.3	62.8
Some College/Associate’s Degree	73.9	78.2	65.8	64.6
College Graduate	69.6	67.3	70.7	70.9
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	72.4	71.7	66.7	68.0
Part-Time	72.5	70.8	69.1	66.6
Unemployed	63.8^a	77.2	60.7	61.9
Other³	76.0	79.4	65.9	66.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. he difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.