Section 8 SE Tables - Results from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ

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Table 8.1C – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Drug	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
Marijuana	470	520	43	41	461	515	136	160	430	469	86	76	452	499
Cocaine (Including Crack)	85	68	*	1	85	68	15	23	84	65	7	6	85	68
Heroin	33	11	*	*	33	11	5	*	32	11	*	*	33	11
Hallucinogens	66	40	4	4	66	40	18	12	64	38	5	4	66	40
Inhalants	40	20	<1	4	40	20	23	3	33	20	23	4	33	20
Methamphetamine	113	54	*	*	113	54	7	3	112	54	6	*	112	54
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.1D – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Drug	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
Marijuana	0.31	0.35	2.16	2.19	0.31	0.35	0.66	0.81	0.34	0.37	1.29	1.31	0.31	0.35
Cocaine (Including Crack)	0.06	0.05	*	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.09	0.14	0.07	0.06	0.13	0.11	0.07	0.05
Heroin	0.02	0.01	*	*	0.02	0.01	0.03	*	0.03	0.01	*	*	0.03	0.01
Hallucinogens	0.05	0.03	0.20	0.22	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.07	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.03
Inhalants	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.22	0.03	0.02	0.14	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.41	0.07	0.03	0.02
Methamphetamine	0.08	0.04	*	*	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.05	0.11	*	0.09	0.04
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.1P – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Drug	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
Marijuana	0.6182	0.9768	0.6037	0.2619	0.7996	0.8698	0.5728
Cocaine (Including Crack)	0.1816	*	0.1772	0.2814	0.0903	0.9807	0.1781
Heroin	0.1256	*	0.1255	*	0.1732	*	0.1251
Hallucinogens	0.1256	0.9104	0.1233	0.4530	0.1657	0.6579	0.1334
Inhalants	0.3985	0.3333	0.3539	0.2345	0.7055	0.3425	0.6699
Methamphetamine	0.0944	*	0.0943	0.3389	0.1055	*	0.1028
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.2C – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	783	774	630	627	1.01	1.03
12-20¹	83	79	49	39	2.94	2.75
21 or Older¹	945	890	724	681	1.04	1.05
12-17	38	36	26	19	5.59	5.13
12-13	12	12	11	6	*	*
14-15	25	19	17	11	*	*
16-17	27	28	16	14	6.37	*
18 or Older	784	772	627	623	1.01	1.03
18-25	133	131	81	77	1.80	1.82
18-20	71	65	40	32	3.46	3.33
21-25	127	127	72	72	2.04	2.19
26 or Older	777	751	620	608	1.09	1.09
26-49	427	401	359	328	1.21	1.21
26-29	148	143	108	90	3.31	3.17
30-34	202	180	149	127	2.37	2.53
35-39	255	219	192	171	2.53	2.45
40-44	208	222	164	175	2.42	2.47
45-49	217	215	166	172	2.65	2.82
50 or Older	607	590	488	483	1.84	1.72
50-54	270	324	209	281	3.90	4.04
55-59	281	287	233	232	3.95	3.58
60-64	335	326	279	268	3.50	3.45
65 or Older	354	321	277	250	3.19	2.86
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.2D – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.28	0.27	0.22	0.22	1.01	1.03
12-20¹	0.21	0.20	0.13	0.10	2.94	2.75
21 or Older¹	0.32	0.31	0.25	0.25	1.04	1.05
12-17	0.15	0.14	0.10	0.07	5.59	5.13
12-13	0.15	0.15	0.13	0.07	*	*
14-15	0.27	0.22	0.19	0.12	*	*
16-17	0.31	0.30	0.18	0.16	6.37	*
18 or Older	0.30	0.29	0.24	0.24	1.01	1.03
18-25	0.39	0.37	0.24	0.22	1.80	1.82
18-20	0.54	0.50	0.32	0.25	3.46	3.33
21-25	0.51	0.52	0.32	0.31	2.04	2.19
26 or Older	0.35	0.33	0.28	0.27	1.09	1.09
26-49	0.41	0.38	0.35	0.31	1.21	1.21
26-29	0.77	0.73	0.59	0.50	3.31	3.17
30-34	0.82	0.70	0.62	0.52	2.37	2.53
35-39	0.92	0.86	0.73	0.71	2.53	2.45
40-44	0.89	0.89	0.72	0.73	2.42	2.47
45-49	1.01	0.99	0.83	0.83	2.65	2.82
50 or Older	0.51	0.49	0.41	0.40	1.84	1.72
50-54	1.31	1.44	1.04	1.30	3.90	4.04
55-59	1.26	1.36	1.07	1.13	3.95	3.58
60-64	1.28	1.29	1.10	1.10	3.50	3.45
65 or Older	0.61	0.54	0.48	0.42	3.19	2.86
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.2P – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.1442		0.2930		0.9932
12-20¹	0.4149		0.0629		0.0931
21 or Older¹	0.1571		0.3418		0.8911
12-17	0.6417		0.3323		0.3868
12-13	0.7504		0.3930		*
14-15	0.7035		0.7150		*
16-17	0.6374		0.5372		*
18 or Older	0.1362		0.2898		0.9665
18-25	0.0596		0.0498		0.3456
18-20	0.3704		0.0752		0.1517
21-25	0.0895		0.1797		0.7417
26 or Older	0.2449		0.4213		0.9041
26-49	0.0025		0.0119		0.5758
26-29	0.3470		0.1569		0.3221
30-34	0.0110		0.0380		0.7537
35-39	0.1631		0.2794		0.9243
40-44	0.1934		0.6228		0.3692
45-49	0.3876		0.1870		0.2901
50 or Older	0.5348		0.4717		0.6857
50-54	0.7236		0.6109		0.1917
55-59	0.3651		0.5852		0.7592
60-64	0.5310		0.5945		0.9827
65 or Older	0.7826		0.8919		0.8828
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The 12-20 and 21 or older rows are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.3C – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	630	627	26	19	627	623	81	77	620	608	49	39	724	681
SEX
Male	469	446	15	9	465	443	66	59	459	432	36	26	527	491
Female	390	389	21	16	389	386	46	50	387	380	31	27	418	405
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	588	579	23	18	587	575	72	72	579	563	44	36	659	630
AIAN	38	39	1	1	38	39	4	*	38	39	2	6	38	39
Asian	106	103	1	*	106	103	13	11	104	102	2	<1	106	103
Black or African American	225	209	7	3	225	209	24	26	223	207	19	7	224	209
NHPI	54	20	*	*	*	20	3	*	*	19	*	<1	*	20
White	511	525	15	18	582	565	65	67	572	553	34	35	578	562
Two or More Races	96	146	16	2	95	146	18	9	92	146	19	4	94	146
Hispanic or Latino	262	173	12	7	260	172	32	34	255	169	18	15	276	183
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.3D – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	0.22	0.22	0.10	0.07	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.22	0.28	0.27	0.13	0.10	0.25	0.25
SEX
Male	0.34	0.32	0.12	0.07	0.37	0.35	0.39	0.33	0.42	0.39	0.18	0.13	0.39	0.36
Female	0.27	0.26	0.16	0.13	0.29	0.29	0.27	0.29	0.34	0.32	0.17	0.14	0.31	0.30
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.25	0.25	0.12	0.09	0.28	0.27	0.28	0.27	0.31	0.30	0.15	0.13	0.29	0.28
AIAN	2.53	2.51	0.56	0.56	3.03	2.96	2.68	*	3.46	3.36	0.64	2.21	3.19	3.10
Asian	0.60	0.54	0.09	*	0.66	0.59	0.58	0.44	0.75	0.69	0.09	<0.01	0.69	0.63
Black or African American	0.58	0.54	0.20	0.07	0.64	0.60	0.51	0.55	0.74	0.70	0.36	0.14	0.67	0.64
NHPI	4.60	1.63	*	*	*	1.75	2.88	*	*	1.98	*	0.32	*	1.84
White	0.30	0.31	0.11	0.14	0.32	0.33	0.35	0.36	0.36	0.37	0.17	0.19	0.33	0.34
Two or More Races	1.41	2.04	1.66	0.15	1.65	2.39	1.55	0.78	2.03	2.95	1.35	0.28	1.78	2.56
Hispanic or Latino	0.50	0.32	0.17	0.10	0.57	0.36	0.38	0.39	0.69	0.43	0.19	0.15	0.61	0.39
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.3P – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
TOTAL	0.2930	0.3323	0.2898	0.0498	0.4213	0.0629	0.3418
SEX
Male	0.4565	0.4721	0.4462	0.0154	0.6731	0.0510	0.5182
Female	0.4040	0.4857	0.4078	0.8602	0.4255	0.4804	0.4319
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.6785	0.3161	0.6823	0.0188	0.9119	0.0633	0.7510
AIAN	0.6008	0.9873	0.6793	*	0.6745	0.2630	0.7784
Asian	0.6608	*	0.6609	0.1683	0.7820	0.1683	0.6628
Black or African American	0.2404	0.1863	0.2411	0.2949	0.2928	0.0698	0.2842
NHPI	0.0872	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.7532	0.4905	0.7907	0.1277	0.6414	0.6174	0.7430
Two or More Races	0.8680	0.0592	0.9418	0.0792	0.7629	0.0374	0.9186
Hispanic or Latino	0.0891	0.8943	0.0822	0.6007	0.0648	0.7014	0.0894
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.4C – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	630	627	26	19	627	623	81	77	620	608	49	39	724	681
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	208	293	10	3	208	292	41	34	204	289	21	13	236	320
Midwest	276	288	9	9	275	286	29	33	271	278	19	21	324	339
South	432	371	12	15	433	368	53	53	429	361	30	25	502	401
West	292	280	18	6	289	279	37	32	286	273	26	16	312	305
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	548	485	17	16	546	483	55	60	538	469	31	27	543	479
Small Metro	361	400	16	9	359	399	44	41	352	396	27	20	357	399
Nonmetro	344	338	12	6	342	337	50	35	331	324	26	19	338	336
Urbanized	253	236	9	2	251	236	19	24	245	224	14	9	250	235
Less Urbanized	232	244	7	5	231	243	45	29	219	231	22	17	226	241
Completely Rural	83	77	1	2	82	76	13	3	79	76	4	2	81	76
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	344	375	13	6	342	375	56	36	333	368	28	17	339	372
100-199%	352	306	7	8	351	305	35	44	352	299	18	19	351	302
200% or More	462	427	21	16	459	427	54	52	451	419	34	29	456	427
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	414	393	18	15	411	393	50	55	406	382	32	27	409	391
Medicaid/CHIP	401	437	18	11	399	436	53	44	391	427	30	24	399	433
Other⁴	366	340	1	2	366	340	19	14	366	339	11	6	367	340
No Coverage	264	195	3	2	264	195	34	36	263	191	14	15	263	195
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.4D – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2024)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2024)
TOTAL	0.22	0.22	0.10	0.07	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.22	0.28	0.27	0.13	0.10	0.25	0.25
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.43	0.59	0.25	0.07	0.46	0.64	0.71	0.57	0.52	0.73	0.35	0.21	0.48	0.67
Midwest	0.47	0.49	0.17	0.17	0.52	0.53	0.41	0.45	0.59	0.60	0.22	0.25	0.54	0.56
South	0.40	0.33	0.12	0.15	0.44	0.36	0.40	0.39	0.50	0.41	0.20	0.16	0.46	0.38
West	0.44	0.41	0.29	0.09	0.47	0.45	0.46	0.39	0.54	0.51	0.28	0.17	0.50	0.47
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.30	0.28	0.12	0.11	0.33	0.30	0.29	0.31	0.38	0.34	0.15	0.13	0.35	0.31
Small Metro	0.35	0.37	0.19	0.11	0.39	0.41	0.36	0.33	0.45	0.48	0.22	0.15	0.41	0.43
Nonmetro	0.69	0.78	0.34	0.21	0.76	0.86	1.05	0.71	0.86	0.97	0.49	0.40	0.79	0.91
Urbanized	1.22	1.25	0.77	0.19	1.31	1.39	0.91	0.92	1.48	1.61	0.70	0.44	1.38	1.50
Less Urbanized	0.84	1.11	0.36	0.35	0.94	1.21	1.84	1.32	1.08	1.32	0.75	0.72	0.99	1.26
Completely Rural	2.01	2.17	0.34	0.86	2.17	2.40	3.53	1.29	2.38	2.64	1.04	0.62	2.21	2.49
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	0.67	0.71	0.22	0.11	0.75	0.79	0.63	0.43	0.92	0.97	0.31	0.18	0.81	0.86
100-199%	0.57	0.51	0.13	0.15	0.63	0.56	0.44	0.50	0.74	0.67	0.22	0.23	0.66	0.59
200% or More	0.23	0.22	0.14	0.10	0.25	0.24	0.29	0.28	0.27	0.26	0.16	0.13	0.25	0.25
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.22	0.21	0.13	0.10	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.27	0.27	0.26	0.16	0.13	0.25	0.24
Medicaid/CHIP	0.55	0.65	0.17	0.10	0.66	0.77	0.54	0.47	0.79	0.91	0.20	0.16	0.71	0.82
Other⁴	0.44	0.42	0.06	0.14	0.44	0.43	0.66	0.50	0.46	0.44	0.44	0.25	0.45	0.43
No Coverage	0.99	0.72	0.22	0.15	1.05	0.75	0.73	0.68	1.30	0.94	0.54	0.52	1.11	0.81
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.4P – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 12-20¹ (2023)	Aged 21+¹ (2023)
TOTAL	0.2930	0.3323	0.2898	0.0498	0.4213	0.0629	0.3418
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.4808	0.1968	0.4638	0.1077	0.3302	0.1172	0.4179
Midwest	0.1227	0.9018	0.1263	0.5980	0.1295	0.6112	0.1276
South	0.0117	0.5831	0.0103	0.0961	0.0184	0.3955	0.0137
West	0.3756	0.1137	0.4048	0.4511	0.4557	0.0631	0.4326
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.1415	0.6452	0.1432	0.3649	0.1634	0.2601	0.1506
Small Metro	0.8433	0.5712	0.8577	0.1756	0.7273	0.2769	0.8163
Nonmetro	0.7353	0.5153	0.7801	0.1760	0.5602	0.3461	0.6377
Urbanized	0.6835	0.3165	0.7060	0.7503	0.8473	0.2096	0.8434
Less Urbanized	0.2623	0.9742	0.3031	0.4450	0.2326	0.8623	0.2794
Completely Rural	0.6381	0.5150	0.5776	0.0140	0.8210	0.5351	0.6796
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	0.2701	0.4242	0.2215	0.0058	0.3281	0.0971	0.2481
100-199%	0.9427	0.8342	0.9020	0.5383	0.9108	0.8565	0.9649
200% or More	0.4066	0.4011	0.4316	0.3106	0.5064	0.2078	0.4594
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.8998	0.3935	0.8489	0.7895	0.8101	0.1534	0.7952
Medicaid/CHIP	0.6074	0.4584	0.5776	0.0315	0.6999	0.1613	0.6140
Other⁴	0.8852	0.5051	0.8906	0.0072	0.7907	0.2503	0.8678
No Coverage	0.0006	0.8579	0.0005	0.3887	0.0010	0.9335	0.0007
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 12-20 and aged 21+ columns are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for tobacco. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.5C – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	228	200	41	25	225	196	36	57	221	190
Prescription from One Doctor	227	194	37	24	224	191	35	56	220	184
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	53	32	*	3	50	32	6	11	50	29
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	21	38	6	5	20	38	3	10	20	37
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	191	208	26	22	189	208	43	48	181	200
From Friend or Relative for Free	164	178	18	16	163	178	34	43	156	168
Bought from Friend or Relative	78	83	12	9	77	81	17	17	76	80
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	48	60	13	14	46	60	20	10	41	58
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	76	72	14	*	74	71	19	23	72	68
SOME OTHER WAY¹	100	132	6	13	100	132	13	19	99	130
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.5D – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1.96	2.14	5.12	5.41	2.06	2.22	3.83	4.29	2.26	2.50
Prescription from One Doctor	2.01	2.12	5.26	5.43	2.10	2.20	3.79	4.37	2.30	2.46
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.66	0.43	*	0.85	0.67	0.45	0.75	1.27	0.74	0.47
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.26	0.52	1.19	1.40	0.27	0.54	0.36	1.08	0.30	0.59
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	1.86	2.14	4.67	5.19	1.95	2.22	3.58	4.13	2.13	2.48
From Friend or Relative for Free	1.75	1.97	3.58	4.69	1.84	2.04	3.63	3.90	1.99	2.24
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.93	1.08	2.49	2.61	0.98	1.11	2.08	1.81	1.06	1.24
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.60	0.80	2.69	3.71	0.61	0.83	2.36	1.11	0.61	0.92
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.93	0.95	2.76	*	0.97	0.97	2.37	2.46	1.04	1.07
SOME OTHER WAY¹	1.20	1.69	1.23	3.90	1.27	1.76	1.60	2.01	1.41	2.00
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.5P – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.2544	0.0235	0.4018	0.4783	0.3313
Prescription from One Doctor	0.1916	0.0609	0.2816	0.7786	0.2661
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.7916	*	0.9758	0.6047	0.8895
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.2066	0.6761	0.2080	0.1138	0.3660
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	0.2760	0.1081	0.3740	0.2137	0.2464
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.3529	0.0391	0.5166	0.8636	0.5344
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.7863	0.7312	0.8176	0.1124	0.8961
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.3045	0.9167	0.2561	0.2007	0.1273
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.7774	*	0.8756	0.7743	0.7476
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.7813	0.0165	0.9575	0.5125	0.9879
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.6C – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	140	169	*	*	138	169	29	42	135	159
Prescription from One Doctor	140	169	*	*	138	169	29	42	134	159
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	7	9	*	*	4	6	1	*	4	6
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	<1	10	*	*	*	10	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	45	38	*	*	45	38	8	7	44	37
From Friend or Relative for Free	37	34	*	1	37	34	*	5	36	34
Bought from Friend or Relative	21	10	*	*	21	10	5	*	20	8
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	15	14	*	*	*	14	1	<1	*	14
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	45	10	*	*	45	10	5	*	45	7
SOME OTHER WAY¹	13	20	*	*	13	20	*	*	11	19
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.6D – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2.58	2.01	*	*	2.65	2.05	5.14	4.18	2.93	2.23
Prescription from One Doctor	2.58	2.11	*	*	2.64	2.13	5.16	4.32	2.92	2.32
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.32	0.39	*	*	0.21	0.29	0.62	*	0.22	0.33
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.01	0.47	*	*	*	0.48	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	1.91	1.69	*	*	1.96	1.75	3.54	2.66	2.14	1.97
From Friend or Relative for Free	1.63	1.52	*	0.93	1.68	1.56	*	1.80	1.85	1.78
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.94	0.45	*	*	0.95	0.47	2.11	*	1.03	0.44
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.65	0.62	*	*	*	0.64	0.30	0.03	*	0.73
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	1.94	0.48	*	*	2.00	0.46	2.36	*	2.23	0.36
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.59	0.91	*	*	0.61	0.91	*	*	0.56	1.01
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.6P – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.0671	*	0.0503	0.1862	0.0784
Prescription from One Doctor	0.1139	*	0.0797	0.2166	0.1164
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.9483	*	0.9187	*	0.8043
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.1408	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	0.4613	*	0.5289	0.6661	0.5763
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.9806	*	0.9721	*	0.9669
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.0773	*	0.1289	*	0.1513
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.9701	*	*	0.3806	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.0236	*	0.0152	*	0.0158
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.6655	*	0.9044	*	0.5774
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

250610

Table 8.7C – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	92	117	*	*	90	116	27	26	84	112
Prescription from One Doctor	88	116	*	*	85	115	22	24	82	112
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	19	21	1	*	19	15	5	9	18	12
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	4	*	2	*	3	*	*	*	<1
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	161	158	*	*	159	157	75	64	140	144
From Friend or Relative for Free	134	138	*	*	132	137	64	56	117	127
Bought from Friend or Relative	77	64	*	*	77	62	34	28	67	55
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	38	36	*	4	35	35	11	8	34	34
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	41	33	*	*	41	31	13	21	39	23
SOME OTHER WAY¹	29	36	4	*	29	36	16	12	24	34
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.7D – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2.08	2.60	*	*	2.16	2.72	2.46	2.58	2.82	3.55
Prescription from One Doctor	1.99	2.59	*	*	2.06	2.72	2.10	2.42	2.77	3.54
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.50	0.55	0.71	*	0.53	0.43	0.48	0.98	0.71	0.47
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	0.10	*	0.89	*	0.09	*	*	*	<0.01
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2.25	2.62	*	*	2.34	2.77	3.08	3.26	3.03	3.57
From Friend or Relative for Free	2.48	2.60	*	*	2.60	2.74	3.59	3.68	3.35	3.52
Bought from Friend or Relative	1.81	1.61	*	*	1.90	1.67	2.99	2.74	2.35	2.00
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.96	0.94	*	2.34	0.96	0.98	1.01	0.85	1.28	1.30
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	1.04	0.88	*	*	1.10	0.88	1.26	2.15	1.47	0.89
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.75	0.95	1.88	*	0.79	0.98	1.50	1.23	0.93	1.26
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.7P – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.2840	*	0.3816	0.3574	0.5437
Prescription from One Doctor	0.2760	*	0.3006	0.3383	0.4417
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.7233	*	0.8141	0.2820	0.4373
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	0.6499	*	0.8550	0.5385	0.9456
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.7777	*	0.5938	0.6185	0.6981
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.5793	*	0.5252	0.3046	0.8744
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.3739	*	0.4501	0.4003	0.5626
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.2899	*	0.2161	0.5296	0.0819
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.6274	*	0.6120	0.2928	0.9532
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.8C – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	119	128	*	*	118	127	60	50	101	119
Prescription from One Doctor	109	125	*	*	109	125	52	49	94	116
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	43	24	*	*	42	24	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	2	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	41	39	*	*	41	39	15	16	38	36
From Friend or Relative for Free	31	32	*	*	31	32	12	9	29	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	26	23	*	*	26	23	9	*	24	18
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	1	*	*	*	1	*	1	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	14	16	*	*	12	16	3	8	12	14
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	10	*	*	*	10	1	*	*	4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.8D – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2.39	2.18	*	*	2.46	2.22	2.63	3.79	3.29	2.71
Prescription from One Doctor	2.88	2.43	*	*	2.96	2.48	5.44	4.15	3.51	3.04
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.19	1.24	*	*	2.24	1.27	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	0.08	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2.11	1.99	*	*	2.19	2.03	2.58	3.08	2.86	2.54
From Friend or Relative for Free	1.63	1.65	*	*	1.70	1.68	2.01	1.76	2.23	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	1.36	1.19	*	*	1.41	1.22	1.67	*	1.87	1.32
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.07	*	*	*	0.08	*	0.25	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.75	0.84	*	*	0.67	0.86	0.57	1.63	0.92	1.01
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	0.54	*	*	*	0.54	0.12	*	*	0.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.8P – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.0713	*	0.0739	0.4483	0.0221
Prescription from One Doctor	0.0085	*	0.0166	0.4620	0.0199
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.0945	*	0.1908	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	0.0618	*	0.0534	0.7205	0.0477
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.0893	*	0.0799	0.5513	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.4293	*	0.4081	*	0.3090
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	*	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.8409	*	0.6078	0.0962	0.7983
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.9C – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	119	139	*	*	119	138	15	30	119	133
Prescription from One Doctor	114	138	*	*	114	137	14	29	113	132
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	37	10	*	1	37	10	*	8	36	6
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	2	13	*	<1	2	13	*	1	*	13
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	172	150	*	*	173	150	40	39	165	144
From Friend or Relative for Free	150	131	*	*	151	131	35	34	146	127
Bought from Friend or Relative	72	69	*	*	70	69	17	18	68	66
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	28	40	*	*	27	40	8	7	26	39
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	60	55	*	*	60	54	14	18	58	51
SOME OTHER WAY¹	35	49	*	*	34	48	4	6	34	48
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.9D – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2.61	2.92	*	*	2.68	2.99	2.97	5.10	3.05	3.35
Prescription from One Doctor	2.54	2.93	*	*	2.61	3.00	2.76	5.02	2.96	3.34
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.94	0.28	*	1.13	0.97	0.28	*	1.54	1.10	0.20
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.06	0.35	*	0.43	0.06	0.36	*	0.18	*	0.41
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2.71	3.01	*	*	2.79	3.10	3.82	5.40	3.16	3.45
From Friend or Relative for Free	2.71	2.88	*	*	2.80	2.96	4.55	5.26	3.16	3.34
Bought from Friend or Relative	1.79	1.80	*	*	1.80	1.85	3.13	3.50	2.03	2.07
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.72	1.11	*	*	0.70	1.14	1.66	1.42	0.77	1.30
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	1.49	1.50	*	*	1.54	1.50	2.67	3.53	1.74	1.66
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.89	1.29	*	*	0.91	1.32	0.88	1.24	1.05	1.53
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.9P – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.0566	*	0.0704	0.3623	0.0904
Prescription from One Doctor	0.0327	*	0.0396	0.4437	0.0460
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.1747	*	0.1601	*	0.0995
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.1832	*	0.2062	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	0.0208	*	0.0366	0.0854	0.0736
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.0437	*	0.0452	0.3675	0.0643
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.3397	*	0.4593	0.3246	0.6048
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.4560	*	0.3177	0.7973	0.2761
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.9913	*	0.8174	0.2052	0.5198
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.1759	*	0.1801	0.7513	0.1887
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.10C – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	137	101	*	*	137	101	*	*	135	98
Prescription from One Doctor	136	101	*	*	136	101	*	*	134	98
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	4	8	*	*	3	8	1	*	3	6
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	37	59	*	*	37	59	12	*	35	58
From Friend or Relative for Free	27	12	*	*	27	12	10	4	25	11
Bought from Friend or Relative	25	57	*	*	25	57	7	*	24	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3	2	*	*	2	<1	*	<1	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	37	18	*	*	37	17	*	*	34	3
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3	*	*	*	3	*	<1	*	3	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.10D – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2.78	4.33	*	*	2.81	4.41	*	*	3.07	5.08
Prescription from One Doctor	2.80	4.31	*	*	2.83	4.39	*	*	3.09	5.06
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.21	0.57	*	*	0.20	0.59	0.48	*	0.21	0.58
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	0.16	*	*	*	0.16	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2.07	3.85	*	*	2.09	3.93	4.79	*	2.28	4.63
From Friend or Relative for Free	1.52	0.92	*	*	1.54	0.94	3.92	1.79	1.67	1.06
Bought from Friend or Relative	1.42	3.87	*	*	1.43	3.94	2.82	*	1.59	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.18	0.13	*	*	0.13	0.01	*	0.06	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	2.00	1.36	*	*	2.03	1.32	*	*	2.18	0.23
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.16	*	*	*	0.15	*	0.02	*	0.18	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.10P – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.6710	*	0.7006	*	0.5647
Prescription from One Doctor	0.5916	*	0.6052	*	0.5402
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.1671	*	0.1227	*	0.2471
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	0.4255	*	0.4188	*	0.2814
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.4882	*	0.4430	0.1243	0.7834
Bought from Friend or Relative	0.2405	*	0.2198	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.6766	*	0.2865	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	0.0786	*	0.0543	*	0.0088
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.11C – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	6	5	*	*	5	5	*	*	5	5
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	18	*	*	*	18	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	19	19	*	*	19	15	*	*	19	15
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	7	*	*	*	7	*	*	*	6
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3	15	*	*	3	14	*	*	3	14
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.11D – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.56	0.58	*	*	0.56	0.60	*	*	0.61	0.65
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.21	*	*	*	0.22	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	2.06	*	*	*	2.17	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	1.92	2.20	*	*	2.03	1.83	*	*	2.16	1.98
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	0.91	*	*	*	0.95	*	*	*	0.83
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.27	1.79	*	*	0.29	1.75	*	*	0.31	1.90
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.11P – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	1.0000	*	0.9475	*	0.9722
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.5828	*	0.9041	*	0.9631
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	0.0830	*	0.1396	*	0.1439
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.12C – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	91	74	*	*	*	74	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	91	74	*	*	90	74	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	9	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	4	*	*	*	4	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	<1	3	*	*	<1	3	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	1	*	*	*	1	*	*	*	<1
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.12D – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	2.41	1.44	*	*	*	1.46	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	3.26	1.44	*	*	3.06	1.46	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.01	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	1.44	*	*	*	1.46	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.10	0.88	*	*	0.11	0.89	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	0.20	*	*	*	0.20	*	*	*	<0.01
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.12P – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	0.4137	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	0.0963	*	0.2210	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	0.1336	*	0.1356	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	*	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data on source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write-in questions were excluded from the analysis. ¹ Some other way includes write-in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.13C – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	284	295	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	88	79	--	--	137	117	39	42
Help with Sleep	75	46	--	--	143	101	134	109
Help with Feelings or Emotion	46	32	--	--	75	103	9	18
Experiment or See What It’s Like	48	51	35	47	28	29	7	1
Feel Good or Get High	91	81	53	97	38	70	9	17
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	29	41	18	18	42	46	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	36	47	9	5	10	16	<1	<1
Help Lose Weight	--	--	32	40	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	120	131	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	105	100	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	54	41	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	32	30	42	28	35	54	6	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.13D – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	1.84	1.82	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	1.04	1.00	--	--	2.82	2.61	3.86	4.61
Help with Sleep	0.91	0.58	--	--	2.90	2.54	4.23	6.18
Help with Feelings or Emotion	0.56	0.43	--	--	1.82	2.47	0.94	2.11
Experiment or See What It’s Like	0.58	0.66	0.91	1.21	0.72	0.79	0.78	0.11
Feel Good or Get High	1.09	1.03	1.35	2.29	0.98	1.83	0.97	1.97
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.36	0.54	0.45	0.47	1.05	1.23	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	0.45	0.61	0.23	0.12	0.25	0.43	0.01	0.02
Help Lose Weight	--	--	0.82	1.04	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	2.38	2.64	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	2.24	2.24	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	1.32	1.08	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	0.40	0.40	1.04	0.73	0.90	1.41	0.60	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.13P – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)
Relieve Physical Pain	0.7506	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	0.9386	--	0.0969	0.3166
Help with Sleep	0.4923	--	0.4331	0.0677
Help with Feelings or Emotion	0.2848	--	0.3218	0.2401
Experiment or See What It’s Like	0.8132	0.5526	0.2675	0.0670
Feel Good or Get High	0.5049	0.2883	0.1382	0.3397
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.3785	0.9007	0.4610	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	0.1831	0.2396	0.7508	0.5253
Help Lose Weight	--	0.3266	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	0.7389	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	0.8412	--	--
Help Study	--	0.0158	--	--
Some Other Reason	0.9152	0.3480	0.0796	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.14C – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	281	293	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	88	79	--	--	138	117	*	42
Help with Sleep	74	45	--	--	143	100	133	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	44	32	--	--	74	102	9	17
Experiment or See What It’s Like	47	49	35	46	27	29	7	1
Feel Good or Get High	91	80	51	96	37	69	6	13
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	29	41	18	18	42	46	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	36	47	9	5	10	16	*	*
Help Lose Weight	--	--	32	39	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	119	128	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	105	100	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	51	40	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	30	29	41	31	35	54	3	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.14D – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)
Relieve Physical Pain	1.96	1.91	--	--	--	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	1.10	1.05	--	--	2.91	2.71	*	4.92
Help with Sleep	0.96	0.61	--	--	2.98	2.62	4.36	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	0.57	0.44	--	--	1.87	2.54	0.98	2.13
Experiment or See What It’s Like	0.61	0.67	0.95	1.26	0.73	0.81	0.82	0.12
Feel Good or Get High	1.15	1.07	1.36	2.39	0.98	1.86	0.65	1.68
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.38	0.57	0.48	0.50	1.08	1.27	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	0.48	0.64	0.24	0.13	0.26	0.44	*	*
Help Lose Weight	--	--	0.88	1.06	--	--	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	--	2.47	2.72	--	--	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	--	2.35	2.33	--	--	--	--
Help Study	--	--	1.31	1.12	--	--	--	--
Some Other Reason	0.40	0.40	1.08	0.84	0.92	1.46	0.31	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.14P – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2023)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2023)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2023)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2023)
Relieve Physical Pain	0.6777	--	--	--
Relax or Relieve Tension	0.9376	--	0.1203	*
Help with Sleep	0.5536	--	0.4025	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	0.3485	--	0.3508	0.3895
Experiment or See What It’s Like	0.8380	0.6456	0.3096	0.0903
Feel Good or Get High	0.4829	0.1860	0.1360	0.2770
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	0.3826	0.9089	0.4347	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	0.1989	0.2375	0.7149	*
Help Lose Weight	--	0.5410	--	--
Help Concentrate	--	0.8732	--	--
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	--	0.7884	--	--
Help Study	--	0.0254	--	--
Some Other Reason	0.9171	0.5643	0.1024	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “--” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse were excluded from the analysis, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write-in responses. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.15C – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	58	65	*	*	26	32	51	45	48	53	32	35
Drank with One Other Person	71	72	11	9	31	34	63	63	48	47	52	52
Drank with More than One Person	177	149	*	*	83	72	144	125	113	96	114	101
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	29	25	*	*	13	16	24	16	21	19	18	17
Home	129	126	*	*	56	54	111	109	89	82	82	82
Someone Else’s Home	127	104	16	*	64	56	103	85	77	73	86	75
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	42	36	*	*	28	24	28	26	37	25	21	26
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	59	48	<1	*	11	16	58	45	38	27	38	36
Concert or Sports Game	19	28	*	<1	10	14	15	22	13	17	13	21
School	18	17	<1	3	8	7	16	15	13	13	12	12
Some Other Place³	35	32	*	6	23	19	25	23	25	26	24	17
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	27	21	<1	2	16	10	21	18	19	18	19	9
Outside (Location not Specified)	8	7	1	*	3	3	8	4	8	5	3	4
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	10	6	*	*	5	6	9	1	9	6	5	3
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	10	9	*	*	7	8	6	4	10	5	1	8
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	3	12	*	<1	<1	11	*	5	*	9	3	7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.15D – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	1.03	1.20	*	*	1.71	2.09	1.29	1.28	1.73	1.98	1.12	1.30
Drank with One Other Person	1.22	1.23	4.80	4.04	2.02	2.25	1.53	1.53	1.70	1.73	1.72	1.75
Drank with More than One Person	1.51	1.48	*	*	2.50	2.85	1.88	1.74	2.21	2.32	1.95	1.93
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	0.53	0.50	*	*	0.92	1.13	0.64	0.46	0.81	0.79	0.66	0.63
Home	1.68	1.66	*	*	3.01	2.88	2.01	2.09	2.37	2.39	2.16	2.17
Someone Else’s Home	1.73	1.49	6.29	*	3.17	3.09	2.12	1.82	2.38	2.32	2.24	2.14
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	0.75	0.71	*	*	1.86	1.60	0.74	0.76	1.36	1.04	0.75	0.97
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	1.01	0.91	0.20	*	0.74	1.13	1.38	1.29	1.36	1.11	1.28	1.32
Concert or Sports Game	0.35	0.55	*	0.01	0.70	1.02	0.41	0.64	0.51	0.72	0.47	0.76
School	0.34	0.35	0.23	1.46	0.58	0.54	0.43	0.45	0.52	0.53	0.43	0.46
Some Other Place³	0.66	0.63	*	2.89	1.52	1.38	0.69	0.68	0.99	1.06	0.87	0.66
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	0.51	0.41	0.16	0.82	1.10	0.76	0.59	0.52	0.76	0.77	0.69	0.34
Outside (Location not Specified)	0.16	0.13	0.67	*	0.19	0.22	0.22	0.12	0.31	0.23	0.10	0.14
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.20	0.13	*	*	0.33	0.47	0.25	0.03	0.36	0.25	0.18	0.11
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.19	0.19	*	*	0.51	0.58	0.17	0.12	0.38	0.19	0.04	0.31
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.06	0.24	*	<0.01	0.02	0.78	*	0.14	*	0.40	0.12	0.26
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.15P – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Male (2023)	Female (2023)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	0.3306	*	0.1042	0.8878	0.4753	0.4617
Drank with One Other Person	0.6725	0.1571	0.1136	0.9348	0.7705	0.4130
Drank with More than One Person	0.3035	*	0.0174	0.8706	0.7210	0.2401
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	0.7300	*	0.3792	0.1313	0.9172	0.6790
Home	0.5760	*	0.5611	0.6921	0.9201	0.3492
Someone Else’s Home	0.6240	*	0.2506	0.8886	0.2666	0.0682
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	0.3246	*	0.3675	0.5599	0.2225	0.9554
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	0.3926	*	0.5170	0.2849	0.0507	0.6515
Concert or Sports Game	0.1209	*	0.3152	0.1821	0.4525	0.1352
School	0.4185	0.0868	0.8291	0.4392	0.9141	0.2823
Some Other Place³	0.5029	*	0.5053	0.6581	0.9850	0.2898
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	0.4659	0.1726	0.2440	0.8764	0.6302	0.0705
Outside (Location not Specified)	0.8707	*	0.5977	0.6812	0.9622	0.7645
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.4453	*	0.2066	0.0320	0.5881	0.5441
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.4951	*	0.6548	0.3612	0.0679	0.2210
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.1077	*	0.1585	*	*	0.3614
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write-in responses. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.16C – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	94	90	*	*	31	31	87	84	64	66	60	52
Purchased It Himself or Herself	59	55	*	*	17	15	56	50	39	41	40	33
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	56	51	*	*	14	10	54	48	38	39	37	29
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	42	42	*	*	12	9	40	39	31	34	27	22
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	30	24	*	*	8	3	29	24	20	15	22	18
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	2	11	*	*	*	<1	2	11	2	10	2	5
From Another Person	17	18	*	4	9	12	14	13	10	11	14	14
From Person under Age 21	9	15	*	*	3	11	9	9	3	9	9	12
From Person Aged 21 or Older	14	10	*	*	9	4	11	10	10	6	10	8
Purchased by Someone Else	64	63	*	3	24	27	59	57	51	47	42	38
Parent or Guardian	34	15	*	*	7	1	33	15	25	11	22	11
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	16	23	*	*	5	5	15	22	13	21	9	10
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	47	48	*	<1	14	21	44	42	36	35	31	30
Someone under Age 21	26	21	*	<1	17	14	17	15	21	12	14	17
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	168	154	*	*	84	78	132	122	110	98	108	106
Got It from Parent or Guardian	60	53	13	13	35	29	47	42	38	33	46	41
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	66	57	*	7	38	29	52	49	41	33	49	46
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	78	74	7	*	21	26	74	67	54	49	51	54
Got It from Someone under Age 21	61	53	8	7	45	39	40	32	47	36	39	38
Took It from Own Home	44	54	*	*	27	34	32	27	34	48	28	24
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	27	13	*	*	11	10	23	8	23	9	14	9
Got It Some Other Way²	34	36	3	6	15	25	30	25	24	22	24	28
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	22	24	2	6	11	18	19	13	16	13	15	19
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.16D – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-20 (2024)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2024)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2024)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2024)	Male (2023)	Male (2024)	Female (2023)	Female (2024)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	1.37	1.46	*	*	2.01	2.02	1.74	1.94	1.97	2.17	1.75	1.73
Purchased It Himself or Herself	0.99	0.99	*	*	1.16	1.04	1.31	1.31	1.39	1.55	1.32	1.15
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	0.94	0.92	*	*	0.97	0.67	1.25	1.25	1.35	1.48	1.22	1.06
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	0.74	0.78	*	*	0.80	0.64	1.00	1.04	1.13	1.31	0.93	0.81
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	0.55	0.48	*	*	0.55	0.20	0.74	0.71	0.74	0.62	0.78	0.67
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.04	0.22	*	*	*	0.01	0.06	0.33	0.06	0.40	0.06	0.21
From Another Person	0.32	0.35	*	1.61	0.65	0.82	0.38	0.39	0.39	0.46	0.50	0.55
From Person under Age 21	0.17	0.30	*	*	0.18	0.78	0.24	0.26	0.11	0.38	0.33	0.45
From Person Aged 21 or Older	0.27	0.21	*	*	0.63	0.26	0.30	0.29	0.38	0.27	0.38	0.33
Purchased by Someone Else	1.07	1.14	*	1.50	1.60	1.78	1.41	1.51	1.76	1.75	1.41	1.40
Parent or Guardian	0.62	0.31	*	*	0.46	0.09	0.89	0.47	0.95	0.48	0.81	0.41
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	0.29	0.46	*	*	0.35	0.38	0.41	0.65	0.50	0.86	0.33	0.38
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	0.83	0.89	*	0.19	0.99	1.46	1.14	1.16	1.34	1.38	1.07	1.12
Someone under Age 21	0.48	0.42	*	0.10	1.17	1.01	0.47	0.47	0.82	0.52	0.50	0.66
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	1.37	1.46	*	*	2.01	2.02	1.74	1.94	1.97	2.17	1.75	1.73
Got It from Parent or Guardian	1.05	1.04	5.65	5.38	2.26	2.04	1.20	1.22	1.39	1.36	1.61	1.56
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	1.16	1.06	*	3.32	2.46	2.01	1.32	1.33	1.54	1.41	1.66	1.62
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	1.34	1.37	3.39	*	1.44	1.86	1.78	1.80	1.95	1.91	1.70	1.85
Got It from Someone under Age 21	1.07	1.03	3.64	3.23	2.69	2.60	1.07	0.94	1.73	1.53	1.40	1.42
Took It from Own Home	0.81	1.09	*	*	1.84	2.38	0.88	0.84	1.29	1.97	1.00	0.96
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	0.52	0.28	*	*	0.79	0.78	0.64	0.26	0.91	0.41	0.51	0.38
Got It Some Other Way²	0.64	0.74	1.64	2.91	1.11	1.87	0.82	0.73	0.94	0.95	0.89	1.09
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	0.42	0.50	0.88	2.70	0.75	1.35	0.53	0.42	0.64	0.56	0.54	0.77
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.16P – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12-20 (2023)	Aged 12-14 (2023)	Aged 15-17 (2023)	Aged 18-20 (2023)	Male (2023)	Female (2023)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	0.5041	*	0.7128	0.2958	0.1405	0.5812
Purchased It Himself or Herself	0.5074	*	0.4237	0.3935	0.1421	0.5496
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	0.4758	*	0.2120	0.3323	0.1543	0.6110
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	0.4391	*	0.3481	0.3846	0.1124	0.4620
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	0.7602	*	0.3700	0.9941	0.7437	0.8851
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.2281	*	*	0.2271	0.3103	0.5125
From Another Person	0.8903	*	0.8248	0.7558	0.7743	0.9661
From Person under Age 21	0.5137	*	0.2031	0.5040	0.1882	0.9164
From Person Aged 21 or Older	0.6378	*	0.2490	0.8672	0.4240	0.9580
Purchased by Someone Else	0.7861	*	1.0000	0.5552	0.5996	0.8729
Parent or Guardian	0.0199	*	0.0742	0.0476	0.0774	0.1255
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	0.1067	*	0.6821	0.0902	0.1558	0.4221
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	0.3026	*	0.1973	0.4080	0.2236	0.8638
Someone under Age 21	0.4841	*	0.5006	0.9190	0.2651	0.8431
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	0.5041	*	0.7128	0.2958	0.1405	0.5812
Got It from Parent or Guardian	0.5224	0.8111	0.5962	0.6280	0.9665	0.4212
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	0.3267	*	0.1242	0.9040	0.2731	0.7077
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	0.3824	*	0.2700	0.6119	0.7972	0.3248
Got It from Someone under Age 21	0.1875	0.6237	0.5396	0.1743	0.2303	0.5587
Took It from Own Home	0.8106	*	0.6163	0.7786	0.9192	0.7482
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	0.1393	*	0.8843	0.1660	0.1065	0.7348
Got It Some Other Way²	0.0921	0.2064	0.0216	0.9639	0.4128	0.1280
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	0.3533	0.1602	0.2218	0.8145	0.8455	0.1607
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write-in response. Invalid write-in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.17C – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	1,108	1,144	146	163	1,087	1,097	230	232	1,050	1,053
Illicit Drugs	1,128	1,156	138	161	1,110	1,108	239	234	1,065	1,060
Illegally Made Fentanyl	119	158	13	17	119	157	29	31	117	153
Other substances
GHB	182	205	6	4	182	207	17	13	181	206
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	381	388	42	42	378	387	80	82	365	376
Kratom	253	242	16	21	254	241	60	64	244	232
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	298	319	28	28	296	318	65	60	288	315
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	92	96	9	17	92	95	14	25	91	92
CBD	1,028	1,042	114	112	1,013	1,024	235	222	954	981
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.17D – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	0.39	0.40	0.56	0.63	0.42	0.42	0.67	0.66	0.47	0.46
Illicit Drugs	0.40	0.40	0.53	0.62	0.43	0.42	0.70	0.67	0.48	0.47
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.05	0.07
Other substances
GHB	0.06	0.07	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.09
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.13	0.13	0.16	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.24	0.23	0.16	0.17
Kratom	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.18	0.18	0.11	0.10
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.19	0.17	0.13	0.14
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.04	0.04
CBD	0.36	0.36	0.44	0.43	0.39	0.39	0.69	0.64	0.43	0.43
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.17P – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	0.4213	0.0001	0.8501	0.1058	0.5719
Illicit Drugs	0.1254	0.0000	0.3839	0.8213	0.3323
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.0209	0.5651	0.0236	0.7996	0.0175
Other substances
GHB	0.7205	0.7359	0.7213	0.2113	0.7974
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.1219	0.5168	0.1415	0.2928	0.0780
Kratom	0.6735	0.3862	0.7354	0.6140	0.8254
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.1001	0.9617	0.1053	0.4315	0.0685
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.5619	0.0821	0.7423	0.1845	0.9590
CBD	0.7592	0.1689	0.8259	0.0016	0.6189
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.18C – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	1,024	1,072	130	139	1,013	1,059	240	232	941	1,012
Illicit Drugs	918	1,015	119	131	908	1,003	235	227	834	954
Illegally Made Fentanyl	69	88	13	15	68	87	17	25	68	84
Other substances
GHB	66	73	6	1	66	73	6	6	66	72
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	203	169	34	28	201	166	35	47	200	159
Kratom	129	139	13	18	130	137	30	39	125	132
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	79	91	20	24	77	89	41	36	64	84
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	40	48	6	16	39	46	6	20	39	41
CBD	836	806	101	103	825	795	210	183	768	763
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.18D – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	0.36	0.37	0.50	0.53	0.39	0.40	0.71	0.66	0.42	0.45
Illicit Drugs	0.32	0.35	0.46	0.51	0.35	0.38	0.69	0.65	0.37	0.42
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.03	0.04
Other substances
GHB	0.02	0.03	0.02	<0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.07	0.06	0.13	0.11	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.13	0.09	0.07
Kratom	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.09	0.11	0.06	0.06
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.03	0.03	0.08	0.09	0.03	0.03	0.12	0.10	0.03	0.04
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.02
CBD	0.29	0.28	0.39	0.40	0.32	0.30	0.62	0.52	0.34	0.34
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.18P – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	0.2984	0.9346	0.2706	0.0174	0.5366
Illicit Drugs	0.1562	0.5930	0.1820	0.3422	0.0999
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.7846	0.9000	0.8006	0.5273	0.9348
Other substances
GHB	0.9661	0.1269	0.8898	0.5714	0.8469
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.5677	0.8698	0.5801	0.6105	0.4992
Kratom	0.3116	0.3153	0.3752	0.1338	0.6116
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.2770	0.6493	0.3210	0.5177	0.1382
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.3089	0.0399	0.6339	0.0717	0.8821
CBD	0.0032	0.1073	0.0048	0.0000	0.0734
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.19C – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	875	897	101	104	865	887	209	201	801	851
Illicit Drugs	829	845	91	95	813	832	200	198	750	791
Illegally Made Fentanyl	51	74	3	13	51	73	8	22	50	70
Other substances
GHB	59	40	4	1	59	40	6	1	58	40
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	114	100	15	16	113	98	18	18	112	97
Kratom	89	91	10	11	88	90	17	21	86	88
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	58	60	16	16	56	58	29	29	47	50
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	29	41	6	14	28	39	6	18	27	35
CBD	608	619	73	75	603	617	170	137	558	591
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.19D – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	0.31	0.31	0.39	0.40	0.34	0.34	0.61	0.57	0.36	0.37
Illicit Drugs	0.29	0.29	0.35	0.37	0.32	0.32	0.59	0.57	0.34	0.35
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.03
Other substances
GHB	0.02	0.01	0.02	<0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	<0.01	0.03	0.02
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04
Kratom	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.04
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.08	0.02	0.02
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.02
CBD	0.21	0.21	0.28	0.29	0.23	0.24	0.50	0.39	0.25	0.26
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.19P – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	0.4230	0.6718	0.3686	0.0698	0.6105
Illicit Drugs	0.8364	0.5241	0.7476	0.3685	0.8987
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2529	0.2676	0.3236	0.1071	0.5642
Other substances
GHB	0.9007	0.4046	0.8641	0.1742	0.7765
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.6996	0.6553	0.7465	0.9745	0.7480
Kratom	0.6264	0.4552	0.6900	0.4033	0.8185
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.7442	0.8131	0.6806	0.9439	0.6657
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.3077	0.3225	0.4463	0.2632	0.7233
CBD	0.3164	0.7806	0.3184	0.0040	0.7777
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.20C – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	1,049	1,021	107	96	1,020	1,005	315	295	902	909
Vaping	559	656	98	96	536	634	223	230	471	564
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	333	314	41	42	325	310	152	138	277	268
Eating or drinking	671	764	76	67	657	753	220	223	596	700
Other	352	394	31	33	349	392	77	81	335	377
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	244	311	26	21	242	310	64	64	232	296
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	212	181	9	18	212	180	47	45	205	176
Taking Pills	171	139	12	20	170	136	41	38	164	129
Some Other Way	68	88	8	14	68	87	25	18	62	85
PAST MONTH
Smoking	846	811	74	71	826	798	224	231	751	728
Vaping	426	503	71	73	415	492	170	175	365	454
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	240	232	29	27	237	232	111	95	205	210
Eating or drinking	467	505	54	41	457	500	146	147	423	470
Other	257	246	17	14	255	245	54	55	247	231
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	175	190	11	10	172	189	43	46	169	179
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	154	120	6	8	154	120	35	28	149	114
Taking Pills	113	88	11	9	113	87	27	23	108	84
Some Other Way	26	51	5	7	26	51	13	16	22	48
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.20D – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	0.62	0.67	1.45	1.84	0.64	0.70	0.82	0.81	0.78	0.82
Vaping	0.66	0.69	2.00	1.69	0.68	0.71	0.99	1.08	0.81	0.84
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	0.46	0.45	1.32	1.44	0.47	0.46	0.92	0.95	0.53	0.51
Eating or drinking	0.78	0.71	1.95	1.93	0.80	0.73	1.04	1.07	0.95	0.88
Other	0.50	0.53	1.03	1.15	0.51	0.55	0.58	0.63	0.63	0.66
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	0.36	0.44	0.89	0.76	0.37	0.46	0.50	0.51	0.46	0.55
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	0.32	0.27	0.29	0.66	0.34	0.29	0.36	0.36	0.42	0.35
Taking Pills	0.27	0.21	0.41	0.72	0.28	0.21	0.32	0.31	0.34	0.25
Some Other Way	0.11	0.14	0.27	0.50	0.11	0.14	0.20	0.15	0.13	0.17
PAST MONTH
Smoking	0.75	0.83	1.99	2.55	0.77	0.85	1.07	1.02	0.92	1.01
Vaping	0.78	0.80	2.58	2.43	0.80	0.83	1.20	1.26	0.93	0.99
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	0.50	0.49	1.74	1.71	0.52	0.51	1.06	1.05	0.57	0.58
Eating or drinking	0.84	0.81	2.68	2.17	0.86	0.84	1.19	1.29	1.04	1.00
Other	0.54	0.52	1.06	0.91	0.55	0.54	0.60	0.63	0.67	0.63
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	0.38	0.41	0.72	0.66	0.39	0.42	0.50	0.53	0.48	0.50
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	0.34	0.27	0.39	0.54	0.35	0.28	0.40	0.33	0.43	0.33
Taking Pills	0.25	0.19	0.70	0.56	0.26	0.20	0.32	0.27	0.32	0.24
Some Other Way	0.06	0.12	0.31	0.43	0.06	0.12	0.15	0.19	0.07	0.14
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.20P – Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Year: Among Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; Modes of Marijuana Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Mode of Marijuana Use¹	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
PAST YEAR
Smoking	0.0004	0.0695	0.0008	0.4088	0.0014
Vaping	0.1119	0.0008	0.1741	0.0040	0.4409
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	0.0022	0.9500	0.0019	0.0047	0.0614
Eating or drinking	0.1622	0.8230	0.1788	0.8725	0.1426
Other	0.7578	0.3324	0.8596	0.4434	0.7908
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	0.1688	0.4571	0.1556	0.3304	0.1013
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	0.0320	0.0105	0.0177	0.5073	0.0196
Taking Pills	0.0420	0.0774	0.0236	0.6541	0.0229
Some Other Way	0.6560	0.0500	0.8561	0.1431	0.5311
PAST MONTH
Smoking	0.0816	0.6732	0.0888	0.9321	0.0777
Vaping	0.1159	0.0057	0.1927	0.3350	0.2362
Dabbing waxes, shatter, or concentrates	0.0484	0.2995	0.0636	0.0067	0.4634
Eating or drinking	0.4914	0.0556	0.3728	0.4474	0.2502
Other	0.4197	0.1675	0.4701	0.5858	0.5094
Applying Lotion, Cream, or Patches to Skin	0.8763	0.7315	0.8618	0.5577	0.7633
Putting Drops, Strips, Lozenges, or Sprays in Mouth or Under Tongue	0.0861	0.6851	0.0818	0.4418	0.0979
Taking Pills	0.0294	0.4318	0.0346	0.2723	0.0539
Some Other Way	0.1694	0.9335	0.1679	0.7841	0.1642
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple modes of marijuana use; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.21C – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
TOTAL	398	457	67	72	393	450	143	151	352	425
SEX
Male	314	351	43	50	309	346	115	105	287	324
Female	238	287	48	53	231	278	90	109	204	250
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	358	393	50	57	355	389	126	122	319	372
AIAN	19	29	1	5	19	29	5	8	18	23
Asian	53	77	8	13	53	76	29	30	44	67
Black or African American	105	120	18	24	102	117	47	45	90	109
NHPI	*	33	*	*	*	*	*	2	*	*
White	321	344	47	52	335	372	128	119	299	348
Two or More Races	66	77	12	9	64	76	35	37	54	66
Hispanic or Latino	188	192	38	43	183	186	76	87	163	166
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	83	85	40	41	72	74
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	209	214	90	92	196	195
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	239	260	123	107	210	256
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	216	239	55	77	216	237
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	da	da	314	352	107	114	286	330
Part-Time	da	da	da	da	142	162	79	88	118	129
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	82	110	47	50	68	99
Other¹	da	da	da	da	197	182	67	69	185	171
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.21D – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2024)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2024)	Aged 26+ (2023)	Aged 26+ (2024)
TOTAL	0.14	0.16	0.26	0.28	0.15	0.17	0.42	0.43	0.16	0.19
SEX
Male	0.23	0.25	0.33	0.37	0.25	0.27	0.67	0.60	0.27	0.29
Female	0.16	0.19	0.38	0.42	0.17	0.21	0.53	0.63	0.18	0.21
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.15	0.17	0.26	0.30	0.17	0.18	0.49	0.47	0.17	0.20
AIAN	1.37	1.98	0.48	2.12	1.67	2.29	3.39	4.61	1.85	2.14
Asian	0.31	0.40	0.52	0.85	0.33	0.43	1.30	1.23	0.32	0.45
Black or African American	0.29	0.32	0.50	0.66	0.32	0.35	0.98	0.90	0.33	0.39
NHPI	*	2.60	*	*	*	*	*	1.80	*	*
White	0.19	0.20	0.35	0.39	0.20	0.22	0.60	0.57	0.21	0.23
Two or More Races	1.06	1.12	1.21	0.84	1.22	1.33	2.80	2.56	1.31	1.47
Hispanic or Latino	0.36	0.35	0.56	0.63	0.40	0.39	0.92	0.99	0.44	0.43
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	0.34	0.35	1.04	1.11	0.35	0.36
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	0.30	0.30	0.72	0.70	0.33	0.32
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	0.31	0.33	0.78	0.72	0.32	0.38
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	0.25	0.27	0.87	1.17	0.26	0.27
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	da	da	0.24	0.27	0.68	0.71	0.25	0.29
Part-Time	da	da	da	da	0.43	0.48	0.81	0.89	0.50	0.53
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	0.73	0.82	1.31	1.27	0.85	1.04
Other¹	da	da	da	da	0.21	0.19	0.72	0.78	0.22	0.19
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.21P – Marijuana Vaping in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2023)	Aged 12-17 (2023)	Aged 18+ (2023)	Aged 18-25 (2023)	Aged 26+ (2023)
TOTAL	0.2254	0.1460	0.3254	0.8886	0.2772
SEX
Male	0.2470	0.1589	0.3370	0.7429	0.2605
Female	0.5856	0.4652	0.6762	0.8853	0.7086
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.1097	0.1330	0.1606	0.8542	0.1148
AIAN	0.3010	0.0704	0.4635	0.6570	0.4965
Asian	0.6808	0.9367	0.6876	0.9208	0.6275
Black or African American	0.1397	0.0760	0.2463	0.3755	0.1006
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.2093	0.1427	0.2892	0.9280	0.2737
Two or More Races	0.6699	0.0041	0.3625	0.5880	0.4553
Hispanic or Latino	0.6649	0.6086	0.5677	0.9244	0.4758
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	0.1901	0.9246	0.1261
High School Graduate	da	da	0.3204	1.0000	0.3339
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	0.7339	0.2492	0.3604
College Graduate	da	da	0.9312	0.1059	0.7257
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	da	da	0.1972	0.9522	0.1689
Part-Time	da	da	0.7824	0.4295	0.4740
Unemployed	da	da	0.4190	0.8947	0.3670
Other¹	da	da	0.5702	0.6145	0.4686
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.22C – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	331	391	19	19	328	391
Marijuana	317	378	19	19	313	377
Cocaine	50	49	3	1	49	49
Crack	21	9	1	1	21	9
Heroin	25	17	1	*	24	16
Hallucinogens	80	71	3	3	79	71
LSD	20	15	*	2	20	15
PCP	<1	2	*	2	<1	*
Ecstasy	40	29	3	1	40	29
Psilocybin	--	52	--	2	--	52
Inhalants³	--	34	--	2	--	27
Methamphetamine	61	45	1	2	60	44
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	92	104	2	6	92	104
Pain Relievers	62	66	2	6	62	67
Prescription Opioids	59	64	2	6	59	63
Stimulants	61	67	<1	1	61	66
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	57	56	1	2	57	56
Tranquilizers	57	50	1	2	57	50
Sedatives	21	25	*	1	21	25
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	64	66	2	6	63	65
Central Nervous System Stimulants	99	86	3	2	98	86
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	134	--	6	--	134
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	380	391	30	40	377	382
Tobacco Products	287	267	21	34	286	260
Cigarettes	262	240	21	34	261	234
Daily Cigarettes	186	169	15	29	184	165
Smokeless Tobacco	51	61	2	6	50	60
Cigars	112	114	3	8	111	112
Pipe Tobacco	34	32	1	5	34	31
Nicotine Vaping	279	311	24	24	277	306
ALCOHOL	626	641	36	25	622	637
Binge Alcohol Use	383	412	31	6	382	410
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	172	159	1	3	172	157
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	65	67	2	6	65	66
Illegally Made Fentanyl	36	22	1	1	35	22
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.22D – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.43	0.47	1.03	0.95	0.44	0.49
Marijuana	0.41	0.46	1.01	0.95	0.42	0.48
Cocaine	0.08	0.07	0.14	0.06	0.08	0.08
Crack	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.01
Heroin	0.04	0.02	0.05	*	0.04	0.03
Hallucinogens	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.15	0.12	0.11
LSD	0.03	0.02	*	0.10	0.03	0.02
PCP	<0.01	<0.01	*	0.10	<0.01	*
Ecstasy	0.06	0.04	0.13	0.03	0.06	0.05
Psilocybin	--	0.08	--	0.10	--	0.08
Inhalants³	--	0.05	--	0.10	--	0.04
Methamphetamine	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.07
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.14	0.15	0.11	0.28	0.14	0.16
Pain Relievers	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.28	0.10	0.10
Prescription Opioids	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.28	0.09	0.10
Stimulants	0.09	0.10	0.02	0.03	0.10	0.10
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.09
Tranquilizers	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.08
Sedatives	0.03	0.04	*	0.03	0.03	0.04
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.10
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.15	0.13	0.15	0.09	0.15	0.13
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.19	--	0.32	--	0.20
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.45	0.47	1.55	1.86	0.47	0.48
Tobacco Products	0.37	0.35	1.11	1.61	0.39	0.36
Cigarettes	0.35	0.32	1.10	1.58	0.36	0.33
Daily Cigarettes	0.26	0.24	0.77	1.38	0.27	0.25
Smokeless Tobacco	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.28	0.08	0.09
Cigars	0.16	0.17	0.15	0.42	0.17	0.17
Pipe Tobacco	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.23	0.05	0.05
Nicotine Vaping	0.36	0.39	1.24	1.17	0.37	0.41
ALCOHOL	0.58	0.56	1.82	1.18	0.59	0.58
Binge Alcohol Use	0.45	0.47	1.58	0.28	0.46	0.49
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.25	0.22	0.03	0.15	0.26	0.23
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.10
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.03
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.22P – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Females Aged 15-44¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.5671		0.7602		0.6188
Marijuana	0.4468		0.6977		0.4741
Cocaine	0.2218		0.4462		0.2950
Crack	0.0970		0.4551		0.1009
Heroin	0.2034		*		0.2585
Hallucinogens	0.3218		0.5239		0.3242
LSD	0.1051		*		0.0800
PCP	0.3777		*		*
Ecstasy	0.1975		0.4263		0.2079
Psilocybin	--		--		--
Inhalants³	--		--		--
Methamphetamine	0.1797		0.9608		0.2060
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.8835		0.1976		0.9172
Pain Relievers	0.7996		0.1184		0.8420
Prescription Opioids	0.9361		0.1184		0.9783
Stimulants	0.8305		0.9086		0.8329
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.7430		0.8039		0.7192
Tranquilizers	0.3329		0.8039		0.3205
Sedatives	0.4404		*		0.4647
Benzodiazepines	--		--		--
Opioids^2,4	0.8228		0.1860		0.7740
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.3120		0.5144		0.3500
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--		--		--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.4053		0.4286		0.3865
Tobacco Products	0.0003		0.3341		0.0003
Cigarettes	0.0002		0.4430		0.0003
Daily Cigarettes	0.0015		0.4944		0.0026
Smokeless Tobacco	0.4558		0.0520		0.6042
Cigars	0.3064		0.0235		0.2038
Pipe Tobacco	0.3703		0.2563		0.2344
Nicotine Vaping	0.0873		0.9428		0.1003
ALCOHOL	0.0026		0.0814		0.0033
Binge Alcohol Use	0.0000		0.0252		0.0000
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.0001		0.0270		0.0001
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.5904		0.1860		0.5486
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1259		0.8488		0.1553
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.23C – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE^1,2
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	331	391	19	19	328	391	317	378	19	19	313	377	64	66	2	6	63	65
AGE GROUP
15-17	58	64	*	*	56	64	55	56	*	*	53	56	11	14	*	*	11	13
18-25	134	142	8	13	157	175	131	141	8	13	152	170	17	31	1	3	17	32
26-44	259	310	17	12	258	309	251	299	17	12	250	298	59	56	2	2	59	56
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	291	354	19	19	287	354	278	342	19	18	274	341	57	51	2	6	57	50
AIAN	*	19	*	*	*	19	*	19	*	*	*	19	3	<1	*	*	3	<1
Asian	54	75	*	*	53	74	52	73	*	*	51	73	9	7	*	*	9	7
Black or African American	131	140	5	9	129	138	126	136	5	9	125	134	35	19	*	*	35	19
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	234	273	17	13	231	272	224	266	17	13	221	266	51	41	2	5	51	41
Two or More Races	55	71	*	*	54	71	55	65	*	*	54	65	6	22	*	*	6	22
Hispanic or Latino	138	141	3	4	138	138	131	135	2	3	130	133	25	42	1	1	25	42
POVERTY LEVEL⁴
Less Than 100%	144	165	16	15	143	163	141	158	16	15	140	157	31	35	*	*	30	35
100-199%	149	154	5	5	148	155	138	151	5	5	137	151	37	30	1	1	37	30
200% or More	227	293	9	12	225	291	222	279	9	11	220	277	41	46	2	3	41	46
HEALTH INSURANCE⁵
Private	230	274	10	12	229	274	222	267	10	12	221	267	33	46	2	<1	33	46
Medicaid/CHIP	205	205	18	15	203	203	199	194	18	15	196	192	45	43	2	6	45	43
Other⁶	72	80	3	*	71	80	70	79	3	*	70	79	12	14	*	*	11	14
No Coverage	94	104	1	*	91	104	89	100	1	*	85	100	26	18	*	*	26	18
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ⁴ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.23D – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE^1,2
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.43	0.47	1.03	0.95	0.44	0.49	0.41	0.46	1.01	0.95	0.42	0.48	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.10
AGE GROUP
15-17	0.79	0.87	*	*	0.78	0.87	0.75	0.78	*	*	0.74	0.78	0.16	0.21	*	*	0.16	0.19
18-25	0.79	0.81	1.78	2.65	0.82	0.85	0.77	0.81	1.76	2.59	0.79	0.84	0.10	0.18	0.22	0.54	0.11	0.19
26-44	0.55	0.62	1.21	0.81	0.57	0.64	0.53	0.60	1.20	0.80	0.55	0.62	0.14	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.14	0.14
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.47	0.55	1.23	1.20	0.48	0.57	0.44	0.53	1.22	1.20	0.46	0.55	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.37	0.12	0.10
AIAN	*	5.75	*	*	*	6.03	*	5.75	*	*	*	6.02	1.02	0.13	*	*	1.09	0.14
Asian	1.11	1.37	*	*	1.12	1.41	1.07	1.35	*	*	1.07	1.38	0.18	0.15	*	*	0.19	0.15
Black or African American	1.18	1.24	1.82	3.47	1.21	1.27	1.16	1.23	1.60	3.47	1.18	1.26	0.38	0.21	*	*	0.40	0.22
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.56	0.60	1.54	1.23	0.57	0.62	0.53	0.60	1.53	1.22	0.55	0.62	0.15	0.12	0.15	0.49	0.15	0.12
Two or More Races	2.62	2.74	*	*	2.68	2.84	2.64	2.55	*	*	2.70	2.65	0.35	1.09	*	*	0.36	1.15
Hispanic or Latino	0.89	0.87	0.80	0.87	0.92	0.89	0.85	0.84	0.62	0.67	0.87	0.86	0.17	0.26	0.27	0.26	0.17	0.28
POVERTY LEVEL⁴
Less Than 100%	0.91	0.99	3.84	3.31	0.93	1.03	0.89	0.96	3.80	3.28	0.91	1.00	0.21	0.25	*	*	0.22	0.26
100-199%	0.97	0.99	1.48	1.52	0.99	1.02	0.92	0.97	1.45	1.49	0.94	1.00	0.28	0.21	0.29	0.14	0.29	0.22
200% or More	0.51	0.61	0.81	0.92	0.53	0.62	0.50	0.58	0.77	0.90	0.52	0.60	0.11	0.12	0.14	0.23	0.11	0.12
HEALTH INSURANCE⁵
Private	0.52	0.56	0.90	1.08	0.53	0.58	0.50	0.56	0.87	1.07	0.51	0.58	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.05	0.09	0.12
Medicaid/CHIP	0.83	0.93	2.52	1.92	0.87	0.97	0.82	0.89	2.47	1.90	0.86	0.92	0.22	0.23	0.24	0.73	0.23	0.24
Other⁶	1.35	1.48	2.47	*	1.40	1.54	1.34	1.47	2.47	*	1.38	1.52	0.24	0.30	*	*	0.25	0.31
No Coverage	1.41	1.25	1.02	*	1.42	1.29	1.35	1.23	1.01	*	1.35	1.27	0.42	0.25	*	*	0.43	0.25
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ⁴ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.23P – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE^1,2
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44³		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.5671		0.7602		0.6188		0.4468		0.6977		0.4741		0.8228		0.1860		0.7740
AGE GROUP
15-17	0.4103		*		0.3931		0.5660		*		0.5681		0.4032		*		0.5685
18-25	0.8994		0.3811		0.7361		0.4808		0.5314		0.3801		0.1034		0.2114		0.1397
26-44	0.3925		0.6902		0.5123		0.4767		0.7869		0.5840		0.2403		0.9545		0.2681
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.9487		0.6523		0.9719		0.8713		0.5593		0.8771		0.1496		0.1923		0.1284
AIAN	*		*		*		*		*		*		0.0444		*		0.0436
Asian	0.4955		*		0.4273		0.3091		*		0.2567		0.5673		*		0.5717
Black or African American	0.2677		0.1899		0.2689		0.3259		0.1079		0.2980		0.3884		*		0.3492
NHPI	*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*
White	0.6287		0.6047		0.6415		0.7613		0.6064		0.7696		0.1061		0.4145		0.0986
Two or More Races	0.7056		*		0.6254		0.9027		*		0.9877		0.0472		*		0.0547
Hispanic or Latino	0.3522		0.8629		0.3822		0.2356		0.9227		0.2498		0.0547		0.8494		0.0554
POVERTY LEVEL⁴
Less Than 100%	0.4762		0.7514		0.4107		0.5039		0.7029		0.4661		0.1954		*		0.2100
100-199%	0.0640		0.9109		0.0774		0.0435		0.9085		0.0509		0.6276		0.4537		0.6519
200% or More	0.9541		0.9849		0.9398		0.8412		0.9349		0.8297		0.3480		0.4624		0.3091
HEALTH INSURANCE⁵
Private	0.9733		0.7725		0.8348		0.7925		0.9384		0.6537		0.8174		0.3110		0.8136
Medicaid/CHIP	0.4537		0.9901		0.5838		0.4417		0.9404		0.5463		0.8570		0.1617		0.9305
Other⁶	0.8813		*		0.8105		0.8695		*		0.8104		0.4804		*		0.4172
No Coverage	0.7577		*		0.9939		0.8128		*		0.9291		0.1608		*		0.1632
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ⁴ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁵ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁶ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.24C – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	287	267	21	34	286	260	262	240	21	34	261	234	186	169	15	29	184	165
AGE GROUP
15-17	28	26	*	*	27	26	25	23	*	*	24	23	1	2	*	*	1	2
18-25	95	89	8	6	106	98	81	78	8	6	88	82	38	41	6	1	38	41
26-44	257	231	20	34	256	227	239	212	20	33	238	207	183	160	13	29	181	156
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	251	245	21	30	248	239	230	220	21	29	227	214	171	157	15	23	169	154
AIAN	*	14	*	*	*	14	*	14	*	*	*	13	*	5	*	*	*	4
Asian	48	32	*	*	47	32	47	32	*	*	46	32	37	14	*	*	36	14
Black or African American	115	108	6	*	113	103	93	87	5	*	92	84	61	53	2	*	60	49
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	9	*	*	*	9	*	8	*	*	*	8
White	204	204	19	20	201	199	192	187	19	19	189	182	150	142	15	12	149	141
Two or More Races	54	44	*	*	54	44	52	42	*	*	52	42	35	30	*	*	35	30
Hispanic or Latino	122	105	4	*	122	103	112	96	*	*	112	94	63	64	<1	*	63	61
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	166	140	18	14	165	136	158	126	18	12	156	124	108	98	13	10	106	97
100-199%	135	131	6	*	135	130	122	116	6	*	122	115	102	84	2	6	101	84
200% or More	176	168	8	28	173	163	159	149	7	28	157	144	112	105	6	*	111	98
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	177	168	7	9	176	166	160	152	7	9	160	151	110	111	6	9	110	111
Medicaid/CHIP	187	169	18	30	183	167	175	158	18	29	171	155	141	120	10	28	138	119
Other⁴	70	86	2	*	69	86	67	77	*	*	66	77	49	62	*	*	48	62
No Coverage	96	89	*	*	95	87	87	76	*	*	86	73	68	47	*	*	67	47
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.24D – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.37	0.35	1.11	1.61	0.39	0.36	0.35	0.32	1.10	1.58	0.36	0.33	0.26	0.24	0.77	1.38	0.27	0.25
AGE GROUP
15-17	0.40	0.37	*	*	0.39	0.38	0.37	0.33	*	*	0.36	0.33	0.02	0.04	*	*	0.02	0.04
18-25	0.56	0.51	1.72	1.34	0.58	0.53	0.48	0.45	1.63	1.16	0.50	0.46	0.23	0.23	1.22	0.20	0.23	0.24
26-44	0.53	0.48	1.39	2.11	0.56	0.50	0.50	0.45	1.39	2.08	0.52	0.47	0.40	0.36	0.95	1.83	0.41	0.37
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.42	0.42	1.33	1.84	0.43	0.42	0.39	0.38	1.32	1.80	0.40	0.39	0.30	0.29	0.94	1.47	0.31	0.30
AIAN	*	4.34	*	*	*	4.43	*	4.21	*	*	*	4.28	*	1.48	*	*	*	1.44
Asian	0.96	0.62	*	*	0.97	0.65	0.95	0.62	*	*	0.96	0.65	0.74	0.28	*	*	0.75	0.29
Black or African American	1.07	1.04	2.00	*	1.10	1.05	0.91	0.88	1.93	*	0.94	0.89	0.62	0.55	0.57	*	0.64	0.53
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	2.29	*	*	*	2.38	*	2.18	*	*	*	2.27
White	0.52	0.51	1.72	1.83	0.53	0.52	0.49	0.47	1.72	1.82	0.51	0.49	0.40	0.38	1.31	1.14	0.41	0.40
Two or More Races	2.59	2.14	*	*	2.66	2.24	2.56	2.06	*	*	2.63	2.15	1.87	1.53	*	*	1.92	1.60
Hispanic or Latino	0.80	0.62	1.25	*	0.82	0.64	0.73	0.57	*	*	0.76	0.59	0.43	0.40	<0.01	*	0.45	0.40
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	1.00	0.86	4.16	3.06	1.04	0.89	0.97	0.81	4.14	2.77	1.00	0.84	0.71	0.67	3.21	2.30	0.73	0.69
100-199%	0.92	0.82	1.90	*	0.95	0.85	0.85	0.74	1.90	*	0.88	0.77	0.73	0.58	0.52	1.63	0.75	0.60
200% or More	0.42	0.38	0.66	2.17	0.43	0.39	0.39	0.35	0.64	2.17	0.40	0.35	0.28	0.26	0.52	*	0.29	0.25
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.41	0.38	0.60	0.82	0.42	0.39	0.38	0.35	0.60	0.82	0.39	0.36	0.27	0.27	0.52	0.79	0.28	0.28
Medicaid/CHIP	0.78	0.78	2.45	3.46	0.81	0.82	0.75	0.74	2.43	3.41	0.77	0.78	0.64	0.61	1.37	3.26	0.65	0.64
Other⁴	1.28	1.63	1.69	*	1.32	1.68	1.24	1.49	*	*	1.28	1.53	0.97	1.23	*	*	0.99	1.27
No Coverage	1.34	1.11	*	*	1.38	1.12	1.26	0.97	*	*	1.29	0.97	1.04	0.63	*	*	1.06	0.65
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.24P – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.0003		0.3341		0.0003		0.0002		0.4430		0.0003		0.0015		0.4944		0.0026
AGE GROUP
15-17	0.1434		*		0.1791		0.1283		*		0.1663		0.7538		*		0.7563
18-25	0.0194		0.3815		0.0161		0.0354		0.4262		0.0331		0.2909		0.0893		0.4024
26-44	0.0039		0.2199		0.0033		0.0020		0.3251		0.0024		0.0021		0.3088		0.0033
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0027		0.4006		0.0019		0.0008		0.5584		0.0008		0.0010		0.7464		0.0021
AIAN	*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*
Asian	0.0134		*		0.0235		0.0279		*		0.0471		0.0159		*		0.0223
Black or African American	0.5474		*		0.4084		0.9576		*		0.8721		0.2342		*		0.2001
NHPI	*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*
White	0.0471		0.9741		0.0419		0.0064		0.9236		0.0072		0.0183		0.5808		0.0359
Two or More Races	0.0681		*		0.0721		0.1398		*		0.1378		0.4268		*		0.4218
Hispanic or Latino	0.0692		*		0.0625		0.2103		*		0.1872		0.8281		*		0.7260
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	0.0199		0.5061		0.0205		0.0094		0.3118		0.0122		0.1052		0.2905		0.1807
100-199%	0.1378		*		0.1574		0.2487		*		0.2911		0.0613		0.2225		0.0771
200% or More	0.0204		0.1461		0.0132		0.0160		0.1245		0.0125		0.0599		*		0.0486
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	0.0537		0.7520		0.0341		0.0311		0.7281		0.0312		0.5969		0.6367		0.5952
Medicaid/CHIP	0.0577		0.4733		0.0802		0.0637		0.6203		0.0901		0.0135		0.2541		0.0143
Other⁴	0.9666		*		0.9536		0.8082		*		0.8128		0.7647		*		0.6357
No Coverage	0.0295		*		0.0166		0.0719		*		0.0391		0.0069		*		0.0139
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.25C – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	626	641	36	25	622	637	383	412	31	6	382	410	172	159	1	3	172	157
AGE GROUP
15-17	66	63	*	*	66	63	50	45	*	*	50	45	19	12	*	*	19	12
18-25	172	169	6	6	265	259	142	145	5	4	183	182	82	69	<1	2	89	68
26-44	511	526	36	24	507	523	311	342	30	4	310	340	151	136	<1	3	151	135
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	544	550	28	23	540	548	335	355	21	5	334	354	160	138	1	3	159	137
AIAN	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	6	*	*	*	6
Asian	128	156	*	*	128	156	78	98	*	*	78	98	44	24	*	*	44	24
Black or African American	209	221	*	4	208	219	137	150	*	3	137	148	65	54	*	2	65	54
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	6	*	*	*	6
White	459	433	24	22	456	432	292	266	16	3	290	266	132	113	<1	2	131	113
Two or More Races	75	88	*	*	74	88	53	61	*	*	53	61	34	25	*	*	34	25
Hispanic or Latino	280	277	*	*	279	273	193	183	*	2	191	181	77	77	*	1	77	72
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	228	197	8	11	226	194	166	145	8	4	165	144	79	63	<1	2	79	61
100-199%	218	235	*	6	217	235	159	167	*	1	157	167	75	55	*	1	75	54
200% or More	502	519	26	21	498	517	311	306	19	4	310	305	141	131	<1	2	140	128
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	520	508	23	22	516	507	312	304	17	3	312	304	137	126	<1	2	136	124
Medicaid/CHIP	255	258	24	12	254	255	187	183	*	4	186	182	83	77	*	2	83	75
Other⁵	124	128	*	*	124	128	90	84	*	*	90	84	43	38	*	*	43	37
No Coverage	147	158	*	3	145	157	111	108	*	2	107	106	54	47	*	*	53	45
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.25D – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.58	0.56	1.82	1.18	0.59	0.58	0.45	0.47	1.58	0.28	0.46	0.49	0.25	0.22	0.03	0.15	0.26	0.23
AGE GROUP
15-17	0.90	0.87	*	*	0.91	0.87	0.71	0.65	*	*	0.71	0.66	0.28	0.18	*	*	0.28	0.18
18-25	1.01	0.97	1.19	1.31	1.03	0.99	0.84	0.83	1.16	0.89	0.87	0.85	0.48	0.40	0.08	0.35	0.50	0.39
26-44	0.72	0.77	2.38	1.53	0.73	0.79	0.58	0.65	2.08	0.23	0.60	0.68	0.35	0.30	0.04	0.17	0.36	0.31
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.64	0.63	1.70	1.46	0.66	0.64	0.50	0.53	1.31	0.33	0.52	0.55	0.30	0.25	0.04	0.19	0.31	0.26
AIAN	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	1.80	*	*	*	1.91
Asian	2.25	2.40	*	*	2.31	2.45	1.55	1.74	*	*	1.58	1.80	0.89	0.47	*	*	0.92	0.49
Black or African American	1.50	1.48	*	1.71	1.51	1.51	1.21	1.24	*	1.32	1.24	1.28	0.67	0.57	*	0.71	0.70	0.59
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	1.48	*	*	*	1.53
White	0.73	0.72	2.04	2.09	0.74	0.74	0.61	0.58	1.39	0.28	0.64	0.61	0.36	0.31	0.04	0.17	0.37	0.32
Two or More Races	2.88	2.76	*	*	2.94	2.78	2.50	2.52	*	*	2.55	2.63	1.82	1.24	*	*	1.87	1.30
Hispanic or Latino	1.24	1.19	*	*	1.27	1.23	1.04	0.98	*	0.49	1.07	1.02	0.51	0.49	*	0.20	0.52	0.49
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	1.14	1.04	1.99	2.48	1.18	1.08	0.95	0.88	1.96	0.83	0.97	0.92	0.53	0.44	0.12	0.48	0.54	0.45
100-199%	1.17	1.16	*	1.62	1.19	1.20	1.05	0.99	*	0.39	1.07	1.02	0.55	0.38	*	0.14	0.57	0.39
200% or More	0.74	0.73	2.08	1.69	0.75	0.74	0.62	0.60	1.62	0.33	0.64	0.62	0.35	0.32	0.03	0.18	0.37	0.33
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	0.72	0.74	1.96	1.94	0.73	0.74	0.61	0.59	1.45	0.28	0.63	0.61	0.34	0.30	0.04	0.16	0.35	0.31
Medicaid/CHIP	0.92	0.97	3.25	1.50	0.94	1.01	0.77	0.77	*	0.52	0.80	0.81	0.40	0.39	*	0.28	0.42	0.40
Other⁵	1.97	1.97	*	*	2.00	2.03	1.58	1.59	*	*	1.64	1.64	0.88	0.78	*	*	0.91	0.79
No Coverage	1.68	1.65	*	1.98	1.70	1.68	1.48	1.29	*	1.71	1.48	1.31	0.82	0.64	*	*	0.85	0.64
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.25P – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 44; by Pregnancy Status, Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15-44²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.0026		0.0814		0.0033		0.0000		0.0252		0.0000		0.0001		0.0270		0.0001
AGE GROUP
15-17	0.6226		*		0.7188		0.4988		*		0.5639		0.5557		*		0.6264
18-25	0.0606		0.5786		0.0636		0.0326		0.8805		0.0332		0.0044		0.1606		0.0028
26-44	0.0061		0.0860		0.0075		0.0000		0.0281		0.0000		0.0054		0.0830		0.0040
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0121		0.2048		0.0098		0.0002		0.0581		0.0002		0.0001		0.0589		0.0001
AIAN	*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*
Asian	0.6323		*		0.6693		0.7594		*		0.7843		0.2937		*		0.2969
Black or African American	0.4571		*		0.3855		0.7165		*		0.7540		0.1611		*		0.1525
NHPI	*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*
White	0.0203		0.4446		0.0147		0.0000		0.1315		0.0000		0.0030		0.2386		0.0027
Two or More Races	0.8043		*		0.9418		0.2650		*		0.3829		0.0811		*		0.0870
Hispanic or Latino	0.1289		*		0.1980		0.0103		*		0.0184		0.6037		*		0.4355
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	0.0025		0.7170		0.0026		0.0229		0.3359		0.0298		0.0601		0.1313		0.0474
100-199%	0.3218		*		0.3310		0.0522		*		0.0572		0.0172		*		0.0135
200% or More	0.0685		0.1450		0.0747		0.0004		0.0852		0.0005		0.0145		0.1499		0.0112
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	0.0188		0.4081		0.0117		0.0001		0.1632		0.0001		0.0017		0.2762		0.0015
Medicaid/CHIP	0.0192		0.3882		0.0362		0.0136		*		0.0222		0.0443		*		0.0302
Other⁵	0.0881		*		0.0728		0.0937		*		0.0678		0.2708		*		0.2166
No Coverage	0.2122		*		0.2306		0.1417		*		0.2220		0.1509		*		0.1260
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² The females aged 15-44 column includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.26C – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	81	72	82	72	105	115	83	107
Marijuana	81	70	81	69	101	110	81	105
Cocaine	7	9	3	10	16	9	15	11
Crack	*	3	*	*	*	3	2	1
Heroin	*	*	*	2	<1	4	2	*
Hallucinogens	17	13	17	7	23	21	23	13
LSD	5	6	2	4	9	7	8	2
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	1	*	2
Ecstasy	5	6	4	4	7	7	9	4
Psilocybin	--	9	--	4	--	18	--	11
Inhalants³	--	10	--	9	--	17	--	5
Methamphetamine	*	6	*	*	9	5	4	4
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	17	19	23	23	27	16	18	22
Pain Relievers	4	4	1	14	17	10	15	17
Prescription Opioids	4	4	1	14	17	10	15	13
Stimulants	16	17	23	13	15	14	13	15
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	5	8	4	12	14	4	9	9
Tranquilizers	4	8	3	8	13	4	9	8
Sedatives	3	2	2	8	6	4	1	4
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	4	4	1	14	17	10	15	13
Central Nervous System Stimulants	17	21	24	16	23	17	20	18
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	28	--	27	--	31	--	28
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	84	77	77	63	116	115	94	103
Tobacco Products	57	57	44	32	89	83	57	56
Cigarettes	37	45	40	28	71	64	48	46
Daily Cigarettes	9	4	4	2	34	24	23	17
Smokeless Tobacco	27	24	13	8	39	39	14	11
Cigars	26	33	18	13	57	49	30	33
Pipe Tobacco	28	13	3	4	26	25	15	14
Nicotine Vaping	77	69	72	58	102	107	89	96
ALCOHOL	120	114	138	114	130	132	123	129
Binge Alcohol Use	87	85	91	79	100	102	97	94
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	32	43	39	33	47	43	52	37
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	4	9	1	15	17	13	15	13
Illegally Made Fentanyl	<1	8	*	7	2	9	2	1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.26D – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	1.88	1.74	1.63	1.51	1.16	1.31	1.19	1.37
Marijuana	1.88	1.69	1.61	1.48	1.13	1.26	1.18	1.36
Cocaine	0.20	0.27	0.06	0.24	0.22	0.13	0.24	0.17
Crack	*	0.09	*	*	*	0.05	0.03	0.01
Heroin	*	*	*	0.05	<0.01	0.05	0.04	*
Hallucinogens	0.51	0.38	0.44	0.17	0.32	0.27	0.36	0.21
LSD	0.16	0.16	0.05	0.10	0.13	0.09	0.13	0.03
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	0.01	*	0.03
Ecstasy	0.14	0.18	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.15	0.07
Psilocybin	--	0.26	--	0.09	--	0.24	--	0.18
Inhalants³	--	0.29	--	0.23	--	0.23	--	0.08
Methamphetamine	*	0.18	*	*	0.12	0.07	0.07	0.06
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.51	0.55	0.57	0.56	0.38	0.22	0.29	0.35
Pain Relievers	0.11	0.11	0.02	0.36	0.24	0.13	0.24	0.27
Prescription Opioids	0.11	0.11	0.01	0.34	0.24	0.13	0.24	0.19
Stimulants	0.48	0.49	0.57	0.32	0.21	0.18	0.20	0.24
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.14	0.23	0.10	0.29	0.20	0.06	0.14	0.14
Tranquilizers	0.11	0.22	0.08	0.21	0.18	0.05	0.14	0.13
Sedatives	0.08	0.05	0.05	0.20	0.08	0.05	0.01	0.07
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.11	0.11	0.01	0.34	0.24	0.13	0.24	0.19
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.52	0.58	0.58	0.40	0.33	0.22	0.32	0.28
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.77	--	0.66	--	0.40	--	0.42
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	2.02	1.85	1.51	1.35	1.30	1.28	1.28	1.27
Tobacco Products	1.55	1.45	1.02	0.75	1.08	1.01	0.86	0.80
Cigarettes	1.07	1.20	0.94	0.67	0.91	0.79	0.73	0.69
Daily Cigarettes	0.26	0.11	0.10	0.05	0.47	0.33	0.36	0.25
Smokeless Tobacco	0.79	0.67	0.35	0.19	0.54	0.51	0.23	0.18
Cigars	0.77	0.91	0.46	0.33	0.76	0.65	0.48	0.49
Pipe Tobacco	0.84	0.38	0.07	0.09	0.35	0.33	0.24	0.21
Nicotine Vaping	1.90	1.74	1.46	1.28	1.23	1.23	1.24	1.21
ALCOHOL	2.33	2.22	2.11	2.04	1.34	1.36	1.42	1.54
Binge Alcohol Use	2.07	1.89	1.71	1.59	1.17	1.17	1.31	1.23
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.89	1.17	0.91	0.78	0.64	0.57	0.78	0.57
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.11	0.25	0.01	0.38	0.24	0.18	0.25	0.19
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.01	0.23	*	0.17	0.03	0.12	0.03	0.02
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.26P – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22				Other People Aged 18-22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.2966		0.1249		0.1309		0.6579
Marijuana	0.1488		0.0474		0.1348		0.6978
Cocaine	0.9564		0.0817		0.1606		0.6402
Crack	*		*		*		0.5822
Heroin	*		*		0.1271		*
Hallucinogens	0.3149		0.0531		0.7774		0.0784
LSD	0.6879		0.6022		0.6334		0.1302
PCP	*		*		*		*
Ecstasy	0.8516		0.9663		0.7722		0.3331
Psilocybin	--		--		--		--
Inhalants³	--		--		--		--
Methamphetamine	*		*		0.4264		0.7415
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.9264		0.9171		0.0577		0.6128
Pain Relievers	0.7728		0.1328		0.3411		0.3634
Prescription Opioids	0.7728		0.2325		0.3411		0.9870
Stimulants	0.8100		0.2102		0.5705		0.5829
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8981		0.2577		0.0358		0.9035
Tranquilizers	0.7882		0.6165		0.0567		0.6300
Sedatives	0.7340		0.2499		0.6680		0.3734
Benzodiazepines	--		--		--		--
Opioids^2,4	0.7728		0.1879		0.4108		0.9703
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.9827		0.6102		0.0912		0.8358
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,5	--		--		--		--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.2433		0.0315		0.0504		0.5460
Tobacco Products	0.5876		0.0152		0.0618		0.2195
Cigarettes	0.7042		0.0170		0.0951		0.2376
Daily Cigarettes	0.0485		0.4527		0.0270		0.0636
Smokeless Tobacco	0.9756		0.3764		0.5008		0.2613
Cigars	0.5536		0.2366		0.0346		0.8337
Pipe Tobacco	0.1492		0.7588		0.5385		0.4192
Nicotine Vaping	0.1738		0.0549		0.1045		0.3666
ALCOHOL	0.5062		0.1127		0.1163		0.0745
Binge Alcohol Use	0.6501		0.0407		0.4514		0.1120
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.5359		0.0427		0.3919		0.0325
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.1937		0.1055		0.7579		0.9327
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1686		*		0.2363		0.8773
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.27C – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	96	80	119	133
AGE
18	29	19	45	38
19	40	37	49	54
20	46	38	56	50
21	45	37	50	63
22	33	32	54	64
SEX
Male	69	57	91	96
Female	56	50	66	94
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	82	70	104	111
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	18	21	19	16
Black or African American	29	21	43	45
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	69	57	85	88
Two or More Races	10	15	26	30
Hispanic or Latino	44	36	63	69
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	31	40	73	84
Part-Time	73	45	52	66
Unemployed	24	20	44	45
Other²	39	38	53	45
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.27D – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	1.12	0.96	0.74	0.82
AGE
18	2.02	1.52	1.39	1.35
19	2.45	1.97	1.93	2.04
20	2.34	2.06	2.02	1.79
21	2.47	1.99	1.61	1.91
22	2.50	2.55	1.48	1.60
SEX
Male	1.77	1.46	1.09	1.13
Female	1.31	1.12	0.96	1.26
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.24	1.09	0.89	0.95
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	2.50	2.34	2.31	2.24
Black or African American	3.27	2.31	2.01	1.97
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1.49	1.38	1.08	1.08
Two or More Races	4.49	5.03	4.57	5.03
Hispanic or Latino	2.50	1.96	1.54	1.60
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	2.22	2.59	1.24	1.31
Part-Time	2.05	1.27	1.49	1.76
Unemployed	4.18	3.26	2.18	2.09
Other²	1.43	1.49	1.35	1.29
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.27P – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.0602		0.6290
AGE
18	0.1969		0.2993
19	0.5596		0.5794
20	0.6043		0.3148
21	0.0774		0.4999
22	0.5256		0.1438
SEX
Male	0.1161		0.2951
Female	0.2218		0.0528
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0589		0.7833
AIAN	*		*
Asian	0.6946		0.7536
Black or African American	0.2658		0.7576
NHPI	*		*
White	0.1520		0.9898
Two or More Races	0.7613		0.3496
Hispanic or Latino	0.6200		0.6232
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.5866		0.8486
Part-Time	0.0083		0.6926
Unemployed	0.4554		0.6759
Other²	0.8167		0.1995
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.28C – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	103	75	107	99
AGE
18	19	23	31	34
19	33	29	32	39
20	48	33	51	32
21	48	50	51	55
22	39	23	57	48
SEX
Male	59	61	81	69
Female	65	41	66	72
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	88	66	91	77
AIAN	*	*	2	*
Asian	30	25	30	23
Black or African American	22	19	33	26
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	73	58	72	64
Two or More Races	9	7	23	15
Hispanic or Latino	35	32	51	60
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	29	35	64	66
Part-Time	59	50	48	42
Unemployed	23	17	38	34
Other²	48	35	48	37
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.28D – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	1.13	0.87	0.70	0.65
AGE
18	1.49	1.78	1.05	1.17
19	2.02	1.58	1.36	1.56
20	2.37	1.78	1.94	1.24
21	2.62	2.51	1.68	1.66
22	2.77	2.01	1.50	1.36
SEX
Male	1.57	1.55	1.00	0.86
Female	1.35	0.94	0.96	1.02
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.23	0.98	0.82	0.71
AIAN	*	*	3.58	*
Asian	3.83	2.59	3.60	3.22
Black or African American	2.55	2.14	1.63	1.29
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1.45	1.34	0.97	0.84
Two or More Races	4.63	2.50	4.10	3.04
Hispanic or Latino	2.00	1.77	1.28	1.40
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	2.14	2.19	1.12	1.11
Part-Time	1.64	1.49	1.43	1.23
Unemployed	4.08	2.85	1.96	1.67
Other²	1.71	1.34	1.25	1.09
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.28P – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.0358		0.1245
AGE
18	0.3324		0.3274
19	0.2770		0.0867
20	0.0914		0.0006
21	0.9705		0.9009
22	0.0012		0.0343
SEX
Male	0.9098		0.0282
Female	0.0013		0.8904
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0292		0.0240
AIAN	*		*
Asian	0.3249		0.5689
Black or African American	0.8096		0.1971
NHPI	*		*
White	0.1324		0.0579
Two or More Races	0.0619		0.1077
Hispanic or Latino	0.5533		0.4888
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.6833		0.4680
Part-Time	0.0887		0.1306
Unemployed	0.0901		0.4413
Other²	0.1451		0.6096
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.29C – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	136	106	147	151
AGE
18	33	27	50	47
19	49	45	55	61
20	64	45	69	54
21	63	57	62	75
22	46	38	69	72
SEX
Male	85	78	110	107
Female	84	60	85	108
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	115	94	127	124
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	34	31	33	28
Black or African American	33	26	49	49
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	97	77	102	100
Two or More Races	11	16	29	32
Hispanic or Latino	54	43	73	83
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	40	49	86	96
Part-Time	90	63	62	73
Unemployed	29	22	54	51
Other²	60	48	67	53
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.29D – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	1.34	1.13	0.84	0.89
AGE
18	2.33	2.00	1.51	1.60
19	2.77	2.30	2.12	2.21
20	2.85	2.36	2.31	1.90
21	3.06	2.66	1.84	2.07
22	3.11	2.91	1.76	1.72
SEX
Male	2.02	1.83	1.22	1.23
Female	1.60	1.26	1.13	1.36
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.44	1.28	1.01	1.01
AIAN	*	*	*	*
Asian	4.12	3.25	3.86	3.72
Black or African American	3.51	2.79	2.16	2.11
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1.68	1.62	1.18	1.17
Two or More Races	5.37	5.33	4.69	4.91
Hispanic or Latino	2.88	2.23	1.67	1.76
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	2.73	2.88	1.32	1.41
Part-Time	2.23	1.70	1.66	1.86
Unemployed	4.75	3.71	2.51	2.27
Other²	2.01	1.80	1.65	1.47
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.29P – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full-Time College Students Aged 18-22		Other People Aged 18-22¹
	2023	2024	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.0065		0.5474
AGE
18	0.5524		0.4206
19	0.3101		0.3266
20	0.0638		0.0150
21	0.2319		0.6855
22	0.0846		0.9197
SEX
Male	0.1718		0.0807
Female	0.0062		0.2928
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0114		0.3028
AIAN	*		*
Asian	0.3829		0.7517
Black or African American	0.5090		0.3205
NHPI	*		*
White	0.0448		0.3209
Two or More Races	0.5726		0.7911
Hispanic or Latino	0.2345		0.5890
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.6617		0.7094
Part-Time	0.0043		0.2280
Unemployed	0.2289		0.4714
Other²	0.1840		0.5682
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.30C – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	501	467	433	405	451	425	170	169	659	611
AGE GROUP
16-25	107	110	143	127	144	127	48	39	166	157
16-20	49	50	89	69	90	70	27	20	96	79
21-25	93	96	103	105	104	106	39	34	124	132
26 or Older	453	413	361	364	379	385	163	160	559	523
SEX
Male	391	370	359	340	366	352	134	144	527	496
Female	268	236	206	188	219	197	102	87	320	287
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	453	404	392	381	412	401	152	159	600	559
AIAN	9	17	30	15	30	15	16	1	31	25
Asian	87	75	49	67	51	68	17	11	96	96
Black or African American	123	104	136	136	137	139	39	43	164	165
NHPI	*	5	*	19	*	19	*	*	*	20
White	423	380	342	323	360	344	131	148	558	506
Two or More Races	48	60	47	75	49	76	16	37	64	82
Hispanic or Latino	196	195	146	133	151	137	79	58	231	224
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.30D – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	0.18	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.06	0.06	0.23	0.20
AGE GROUP
16-25	0.24	0.24	0.30	0.26	0.31	0.27	0.11	0.09	0.34	0.32
16-20	0.23	0.23	0.40	0.31	0.40	0.32	0.13	0.09	0.42	0.35
21-25	0.40	0.41	0.42	0.43	0.43	0.44	0.18	0.15	0.51	0.53
26 or Older	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.16	0.17	0.17	0.07	0.07	0.25	0.23
SEX
Male	0.28	0.26	0.26	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.10	0.11	0.36	0.34
Female	0.20	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.07	0.06	0.23	0.20
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.20	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.07	0.07	0.25	0.23
AIAN	0.80	1.38	2.48	1.22	2.53	1.26	1.35	0.06	2.57	2.04
Asian	0.53	0.42	0.30	0.38	0.31	0.39	0.10	0.06	0.59	0.55
Black or African American	0.38	0.30	0.40	0.39	0.41	0.40	0.12	0.13	0.49	0.46
NHPI	*	0.48	*	1.67	*	1.72	*	*	*	1.78
White	0.24	0.21	0.20	0.19	0.21	0.20	0.08	0.09	0.30	0.28
Two or More Races	0.87	1.03	0.85	1.21	0.89	1.24	0.30	0.65	1.16	1.33
Hispanic or Latino	0.40	0.38	0.30	0.26	0.31	0.27	0.16	0.11	0.47	0.43
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.30P – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Marijuana (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0086	0.2341	0.2965	0.6477	0.0345
AGE GROUP
16-25	0.1163	0.1402	0.1389	0.1552	0.0751
16-20	0.6969	0.0569	0.0341	0.1081	0.0548
21-25	0.1107	0.6931	0.8069	0.5158	0.4072
26 or Older	0.0207	0.4176	0.5086	0.9267	0.0816
SEX
Male	0.0983	0.5055	0.7664	0.6464	0.2489
Female	0.0180	0.1891	0.1044	0.1337	0.0233
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.0038	0.3375	0.4236	0.6857	0.0364
AIAN	0.7008	0.2168	0.1536	0.0615	0.5208
Asian	0.7803	0.9564	0.8821	0.2906	0.7059
Black or African American	0.0573	0.7636	0.6589	1.0000	0.6082
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*
White	0.0331	0.2542	0.3124	0.9945	0.0541
Two or More Races	0.3144	0.2963	0.2364	0.2081	0.7397
Hispanic or Latino	0.9959	0.4108	0.4266	0.8343	0.7527
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.31C – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	501	467	433	405	451	425	170	169	659	611
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	184	185	198	175	199	176	47	63	272	240
Midwest	232	196	190	160	191	172	64	64	287	262
South	320	269	255	237	267	256	107	121	393	368
West	251	275	211	226	227	237	107	76	340	350
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	424	360	340	299	352	317	148	129	532	449
Small Metro	238	279	244	231	249	239	66	77	340	355
Nonmetro	116	109	137	132	144	138	56	80	190	187
Urbanized	68	65	81	81	85	83	35	38	109	105
Less Urbanized	94	86	100	103	107	109	46	62	145	154
Completely Rural	43	20	44	39	44	40	4	*	67	44
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	112	99	153	145	162	161	100	90	178	186
100-199%	161	113	172	156	185	161	73	83	239	188
200% or More	452	429	334	332	339	343	116	114	558	529
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	425	413	319	325	323	336	92	106	527	506
Medicaid/CHIP	129	119	202	167	213	181	108	97	235	206
Other⁵	204	195	177	120	181	132	59	66	263	224
No Coverage	136	108	122	119	138	122	83	66	173	146
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.31D – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Alcohol (2024)	Marijuana (2023)	Marijuana (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2024)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2024)
TOTAL	0.18	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.06	0.06	0.23	0.20
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.38	0.38	0.41	0.35	0.41	0.35	0.10	0.14	0.53	0.47
Midwest	0.42	0.32	0.32	0.26	0.33	0.28	0.12	0.11	0.50	0.41
South	0.30	0.24	0.23	0.22	0.24	0.24	0.10	0.12	0.35	0.33
West	0.37	0.39	0.31	0.33	0.33	0.35	0.17	0.12	0.48	0.47
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.27	0.22	0.22	0.19	0.22	0.20	0.10	0.08	0.33	0.27
Small Metro	0.26	0.29	0.27	0.25	0.28	0.26	0.08	0.09	0.35	0.35
Nonmetro	0.31	0.29	0.33	0.37	0.35	0.38	0.16	0.25	0.46	0.49
Urbanized	0.41	0.47	0.48	0.56	0.51	0.57	0.25	0.28	0.62	0.73
Less Urbanized	0.47	0.41	0.46	0.54	0.49	0.56	0.24	0.37	0.65	0.70
Completely Rural	1.55	0.64	1.46	1.40	1.46	1.42	0.13	*	2.24	1.45
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	0.27	0.23	0.36	0.32	0.38	0.36	0.24	0.21	0.42	0.41
100-199%	0.31	0.21	0.32	0.29	0.35	0.30	0.14	0.16	0.45	0.35
200% or More	0.24	0.22	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.07	0.06	0.28	0.27
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	0.25	0.22	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.06	0.06	0.30	0.27
Medicaid/CHIP	0.24	0.22	0.36	0.31	0.38	0.34	0.20	0.19	0.43	0.38
Other⁵	0.26	0.25	0.22	0.16	0.23	0.17	0.08	0.09	0.33	0.29
No Coverage	0.56	0.44	0.52	0.48	0.59	0.50	0.36	0.28	0.72	0.60
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.31P – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2023)	Marijuana (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)	Select Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana² (2023)	Alcohol or Select Illicit Drugs¹ (2023)
TOTAL	0.0086	0.2341	0.2965	0.6477	0.0345
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.2291	0.1278	0.1111	0.7675	0.0286
Midwest	0.0297	0.1920	0.4133	0.9202	0.0615
South	0.0008	0.9629	0.9362	0.9232	0.0767
West	0.0960	0.9494	0.9873	0.4136	0.1752
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.0121	0.3491	0.4482	0.5626	0.0380
Small Metro	0.1829	0.2122	0.2083	0.7334	0.1248
Nonmetro	0.9224	0.5454	0.5392	0.8257	0.5365
Urbanized	0.5201	0.9854	0.8862	0.4253	0.8142
Less Urbanized	0.3995	0.4525	0.3766	0.8328	0.1795
Completely Rural	0.3122	0.8797	0.8760	*	0.5080
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	0.2205	0.7020	0.8160	0.7747	0.7728
100-199%	0.0027	0.1493	0.0662	0.4770	0.0032
200% or More	0.1290	0.5392	0.6021	0.6431	0.1809
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	0.0254	0.4991	0.5750	0.9491	0.0421
Medicaid/CHIP	0.0622	0.4256	0.5927	0.9923	0.2303
Other⁵	0.5931	0.0082	0.0178	0.8598	0.1432
No Coverage	0.1208	0.4830	0.3714	0.3294	0.2149
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of specific substances. Respondents with unknown driving under the influence information were excluded. ¹ Select illicit drugs include the use of marijuana, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ² Select illicit drugs other than marijuana include the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.32C – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	813	832	120	122	973	990	72	72	986	1,001
Marijuana	774	781	109	112	921	928	65	56	932	941
Cocaine	170	152	32	36	166	144	24	25	168	147
Crack	104	93	20	22	102	87	24	22	101	87
Heroin	65	67	27	19	57	53	10	*	62	53
Hallucinogens	152	177	54	31	145	176	38	33	148	178
LSD	43	58	9	6	40	58	4	2	40	58
PCP	9	22	*	*	9	22	*	*	9	22
Ecstasy	64	69	19	8	62	67	*	15	57	72
Psilocybin	--	147	--	24	--	145	--	24	--	145
Inhalants³	--	88	--	19	--	91	--	*	--	91
Methamphetamine	168	149	66	40	154	138	45	17	163	147
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	237	253	65	40	215	253	37	29	223	255
Pain Relievers	173	186	57	26	161	186	29	22	170	187
Prescription Opioids	168	181	56	26	157	181	29	22	166	183
Stimulants	111	117	33	22	101	116	23	19	105	116
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	123	145	32	26	110	141	24	4	112	142
Tranquilizers	110	131	31	26	96	126	24	4	98	127
Sedatives	72	61	7	3	71	61	*	1	72	61
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	176	190	62	31	164	186	30	28	174	187
Central Nervous System Stimulants	254	222	74	56	244	218	49	34	252	225
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	368	--	72	--	365	--	53	--	369
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	911	922	179	146	1,210	1,154	109	118	1,223	1,166
Tobacco Products	843	842	169	136	1,067	990	104	110	1,074	1,003
Cigarettes	784	772	149	131	937	861	95	105	942	869
Daily Cigarettes	634	639	120	106	712	667	77	90	716	671
Smokeless Tobacco	330	307	61	59	331	305	48	55	333	310
Cigars	391	368	74	51	409	378	33	41	413	380
Pipe Tobacco	178	170	38	21	177	170	23	13	180	170
Nicotine Vaping	544	544	112	111	585	600	72	92	598	613
ALCOHOL	1,175	1,131	124	141	2,059	2,090	80	114	2,069	2,099
Binge Alcohol Use	839	817	105	106	1,090	1,094	58	77	1,097	1,099
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	455	456	71	68	469	479	38	56	474	480
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	178	196	63	32	166	192	30	28	176	193
Illegally Made Fentanyl	51	73	35	11	37	72	27	5	43	73
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.32D – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.32	0.32	3.17	3.10	0.32	0.32	4.25	4.08	0.32	0.32
Marijuana	0.30	0.30	2.98	2.99	0.30	0.30	3.85	3.39	0.30	0.30
Cocaine	0.07	0.06	0.97	1.11	0.07	0.06	1.58	1.56	0.07	0.06
Crack	0.04	0.04	0.61	0.70	0.04	0.03	1.56	1.37	0.04	0.03
Heroin	0.03	0.03	0.83	0.59	0.02	0.02	0.68	*	0.02	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.06	0.07	1.64	0.96	0.06	0.07	2.48	1.92	0.06	0.07
LSD	0.02	0.02	0.29	0.19	0.02	0.02	0.25	0.12	0.02	0.02
PCP	<0.01	0.01	*	*	<0.01	0.01	*	*	<0.01	0.01
Ecstasy	0.02	0.03	0.59	0.26	0.02	0.03	*	0.95	0.02	0.03
Psilocybin	--	0.06	--	0.76	--	0.06	--	1.45	--	0.06
Inhalants³	--	0.03	--	0.60	--	0.04	--	*	--	0.04
Methamphetamine	0.07	0.06	1.94	1.27	0.06	0.05	2.90	1.09	0.06	0.06
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.09	0.10	1.93	1.24	0.09	0.10	2.40	1.78	0.09	0.10
Pain Relievers	0.07	0.07	1.71	0.80	0.06	0.07	1.91	1.35	0.07	0.07
Prescription Opioids	0.07	0.07	1.69	0.80	0.06	0.07	1.91	1.35	0.07	0.07
Stimulants	0.04	0.04	0.99	0.69	0.04	0.04	1.55	1.16	0.04	0.04
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.05	0.06	0.96	0.82	0.04	0.05	1.60	0.28	0.04	0.05
Tranquilizers	0.04	0.05	0.94	0.82	0.04	0.05	1.60	0.28	0.04	0.05
Sedatives	0.03	0.02	0.20	0.11	0.03	0.02	*	0.03	0.03	0.02
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.07	0.07	1.84	0.98	0.07	0.07	2.00	1.72	0.07	0.07
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.10	0.08	2.15	1.71	0.10	0.08	3.11	2.15	0.10	0.09
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.14	--	2.12	--	0.14	--	3.07	--	0.14
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.35	0.35	2.77	3.29	0.36	0.35	3.87	4.57	0.35	0.35
Tobacco Products	0.33	0.32	2.91	3.25	0.33	0.31	3.96	4.43	0.33	0.32
Cigarettes	0.30	0.29	3.03	3.21	0.31	0.29	4.64	4.40	0.31	0.29
Daily Cigarettes	0.25	0.24	2.82	2.83	0.25	0.24	4.25	4.34	0.25	0.24
Smokeless Tobacco	0.13	0.12	1.70	1.77	0.13	0.11	2.94	3.19	0.13	0.12
Cigars	0.15	0.14	2.12	1.60	0.15	0.14	2.17	2.53	0.15	0.14
Pipe Tobacco	0.07	0.06	1.16	0.67	0.07	0.07	1.50	0.83	0.07	0.07
Nicotine Vaping	0.21	0.21	2.63	3.00	0.21	0.20	3.81	4.74	0.21	0.21
ALCOHOL	0.46	0.43	3.17	3.19	0.46	0.44	4.59	4.93	0.46	0.44
Binge Alcohol Use	0.33	0.31	2.88	2.84	0.33	0.32	3.59	4.21	0.33	0.31
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.18	0.17	2.01	2.05	0.18	0.17	2.50	3.25	0.18	0.17
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.07	0.07	1.88	1.00	0.07	0.07	2.01	1.73	0.07	0.07
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.02	0.03	1.05	0.36	0.01	0.03	1.75	0.30	0.02	0.03
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.32P – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.7476	0.6648	0.7384	0.8082	0.6985
Marijuana	0.8908	0.5807	0.8748	0.5661	0.8482
Cocaine	0.4499	0.8905	0.4697	0.7877	0.4473
Crack	0.3883	0.8732	0.3384	0.8083	0.3680
Heroin	0.2035	0.2502	0.3090	*	0.1454
Hallucinogens	0.7158	0.3297	0.5570	0.7504	0.7320
LSD	0.5518	0.7860	0.6452	0.6773	0.6298
PCP	0.2368	*	0.2421	*	0.2417
Ecstasy	0.5170	0.4307	0.5335	*	0.4592
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.3486	0.3332	0.6346	0.1485	0.5894
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.6711	0.0487	0.3088	0.2508	0.4966
Pain Relievers	0.7956	0.0743	0.7665	0.4127	0.9565
Prescription Opioids	0.7149	0.0964	0.9389	0.4127	0.8074
Stimulants	0.7411	0.3234	0.5728	0.6900	0.7184
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.2409	0.2568	0.1257	0.0383	0.1301
Tranquilizers	0.2601	0.3058	0.1368	0.0383	0.1320
Sedatives	0.7323	0.8533	0.7296	*	0.7151
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.4545	0.0613	0.8072	0.5385	0.5099
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.3273	0.3955	0.5241	0.4446	0.4349
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.1791	0.1703	0.1610	0.9041	0.0977
Tobacco Products	0.0172	0.1214	0.0150	0.9901	0.0069
Cigarettes	0.1362	0.2995	0.1315	0.8661	0.0836
Daily Cigarettes	0.3042	0.2378	0.3215	0.6058	0.1975
Smokeless Tobacco	0.2455	0.9382	0.2137	0.4384	0.1731
Cigars	0.0054	0.1787	0.0077	0.3820	0.0028
Pipe Tobacco	0.3843	0.2698	0.4336	0.2871	0.3835
Nicotine Vaping	0.2841	0.2419	0.4189	0.2338	0.4245
ALCOHOL	0.0732	0.8650	0.0688	0.6595	0.0680
Binge Alcohol Use	0.0001	0.8997	0.0001	0.6753	0.0001
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.0007	0.6176	0.0011	0.7549	0.0006
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.5783	0.0513	0.9755	0.5259	0.6377
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.3236	0.0259	0.0400	0.1019	0.1301
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.33C – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	Aged 18-49¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	510	541	109	89	663	707	68	57	673	711
Marijuana	485	521	100	82	631	671	62	51	638	676
Cocaine	100	105	32	29	96	95	24	19	98	99
Crack	41	48	20	17	36	37	24	*	34	37
Heroin	54	37	18	18	49	30	10	*	51	30
Hallucinogens	143	155	54	22	136	157	38	24	139	156
LSD	40	57	9	6	37	57	4	2	38	57
PCP	6	10	*	*	6	10	*	*	6	10
Ecstasy	62	59	19	8	60	57	*	*	55	55
Psilocybin	--	125	--	10	--	126	--	10	--	126
Inhalants³	--	73	--	16	--	74	--	*	--	73
Methamphetamine	120	97	66	35	99	88	45	14	112	96
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	151	165	60	34	133	166	31	21	145	168
Pain Relievers	106	105	56	14	89	106	26	9	103	107
Prescription Opioids	103	96	55	14	86	95	26	9	101	97
Stimulants	98	109	29	22	88	108	*	*	91	109
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	75	85	27	25	69	83	19	4	72	85
Tranquilizers	73	79	27	25	67	76	19	4	70	79
Sedatives	29	34	7	3	28	33	*	1	29	33
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	113	102	57	23	97	101	28	20	111	102
Central Nervous System Stimulants	180	171	72	50	163	165	49	29	176	171
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	260	--	60	--	266	--	41	--	269
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	548	559	143	120	780	785	97	95	792	798
Tobacco Products	490	494	132	111	628	608	92	88	636	622
Cigarettes	444	432	120	104	534	500	82	82	543	514
Daily Cigarettes	330	326	99	78	368	329	69	67	367	337
Smokeless Tobacco	189	189	58	37	183	190	48	30	187	195
Cigars	264	265	61	40	279	272	30	27	280	276
Pipe Tobacco	105	87	25	20	104	86	23	3	105	88
Nicotine Vaping	417	435	103	90	494	536	72	69	504	547
ALCOHOL	638	656	113	100	1,192	1,290	73	66	1,201	1,295
Binge Alcohol Use	518	531	95	88	722	789	52	57	730	791
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	290	287	60	59	305	311	35	36	311	312
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	115	107	58	24	99	105	28	20	114	106
Illegally Made Fentanyl	48	44	33	11	34	43	24	5	41	44
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.33D – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	Aged 18-49¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.37	0.38	3.25	2.98	0.37	0.39	4.57	4.33	0.37	0.39
Marijuana	0.35	0.37	3.16	2.83	0.36	0.37	4.42	3.97	0.35	0.37
Cocaine	0.07	0.07	1.20	1.21	0.07	0.07	2.08	1.61	0.07	0.07
Crack	0.03	0.03	0.76	0.70	0.03	0.03	2.06	*	0.02	0.03
Heroin	0.04	0.03	0.69	0.77	0.04	0.02	0.90	*	0.04	0.02
Hallucinogens	0.10	0.11	2.04	0.90	0.10	0.11	3.21	2.02	0.10	0.11
LSD	0.03	0.04	0.36	0.25	0.03	0.04	0.33	0.17	0.03	0.04
PCP	<0.01	0.01	*	*	<0.01	0.01	*	*	<0.01	0.01
Ecstasy	0.05	0.04	0.74	0.35	0.04	0.04	*	*	0.04	0.04
Psilocybin	--	0.09	--	0.41	--	0.09	--	0.81	--	0.09
Inhalants³	--	0.05	--	0.67	--	0.05	--	*	--	0.05
Methamphetamine	0.09	0.07	2.39	1.43	0.07	0.06	3.72	1.21	0.08	0.07
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.11	0.12	2.20	1.38	0.10	0.12	2.62	1.79	0.11	0.12
Pain Relievers	0.08	0.07	2.07	0.59	0.07	0.08	2.27	0.79	0.08	0.08
Prescription Opioids	0.08	0.07	2.05	0.59	0.06	0.07	2.27	0.79	0.07	0.07
Stimulants	0.07	0.08	1.08	0.90	0.07	0.08	*	*	0.07	0.08
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.05	0.06	1.04	1.02	0.05	0.06	1.62	0.38	0.05	0.06
Tranquilizers	0.05	0.06	1.01	1.02	0.05	0.06	1.62	0.38	0.05	0.06
Sedatives	0.02	0.02	0.25	0.14	0.02	0.02	*	0.04	0.02	0.02
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.08	0.07	2.12	0.95	0.07	0.07	2.38	1.68	0.08	0.07
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.13	0.12	2.55	1.99	0.12	0.12	3.93	2.50	0.13	0.12
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	0.18	--	2.30	--	0.18	--	3.31	--	0.19
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.40	0.40	2.87	2.61	0.40	0.39	3.77	3.35	0.40	0.40
Tobacco Products	0.36	0.35	3.10	3.09	0.36	0.34	4.25	3.95	0.35	0.35
Cigarettes	0.32	0.31	3.19	3.13	0.32	0.30	4.64	4.22	0.32	0.30
Daily Cigarettes	0.24	0.23	3.10	2.72	0.25	0.22	4.66	4.35	0.24	0.23
Smokeless Tobacco	0.14	0.13	2.12	1.46	0.13	0.13	3.95	2.48	0.14	0.13
Cigars	0.19	0.19	2.16	1.64	0.20	0.19	2.56	2.33	0.19	0.19
Pipe Tobacco	0.08	0.06	0.93	0.83	0.08	0.06	1.98	0.30	0.08	0.06
Nicotine Vaping	0.30	0.31	2.98	2.89	0.30	0.31	4.73	4.75	0.30	0.31
ALCOHOL	0.46	0.47	3.15	2.96	0.47	0.48	4.84	4.48	0.47	0.47
Binge Alcohol Use	0.38	0.38	3.06	2.84	0.39	0.39	4.02	4.11	0.38	0.38
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.21	0.20	2.10	2.28	0.21	0.20	2.97	2.88	0.21	0.20
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.08	0.08	2.16	0.98	0.07	0.08	2.39	1.69	0.08	0.08
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.03	0.03	1.24	0.47	0.03	0.03	2.06	0.42	0.03	0.03
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.33P – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Substance	Aged 18-49¹ (2023)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	0.3344	0.2321	0.4582	0.4639	0.3705
Marijuana	0.3558	0.2951	0.4521	0.5554	0.3788
Cocaine	1.0000	0.4355	0.6664	0.5833	0.8190
Crack	0.6321	0.5390	0.7479	*	0.8644
Heroin	0.0633	0.4965	0.0812	*	0.0407
Hallucinogens	0.6590	0.1684	0.9286	0.4179	0.7309
LSD	0.5889	0.8267	0.6914	0.6929	0.6759
PCP	0.3551	*	0.3685	*	0.3675
Ecstasy	0.9427	0.4520	0.9012	*	0.9900
Psilocybin	--	--	--	--	--
Inhalants³	--	--	--	--	--
Methamphetamine	0.0800	0.1834	0.3237	0.0883	0.2534
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.9940	0.0542	0.4579	0.2027	0.7914
Pain Relievers	0.8751	0.0226	0.3813	0.1441	0.8580
Prescription Opioids	0.5605	0.0315	0.7491	0.1441	0.7575
Stimulants	0.9580	0.5705	0.8354	*	0.9100
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.4736	0.3644	0.3096	0.0652	0.3505
Tranquilizers	0.8279	0.4316	0.6670	0.0652	0.6729
Sedatives	0.3759	0.8801	0.3673	*	0.3994
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids^2,4	0.2736	0.0365	0.7768	0.2961	0.3771
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.4191	0.2291	0.8924	0.2004	0.7078
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,3,5	--	--	--	--	--
TOBACCO PRODUCT USE OR NICOTINE VAPING	0.1512	0.5157	0.1616	0.7092	0.1080
Tobacco Products	0.0003	0.2358	0.0003	0.4965	0.0001
Cigarettes	0.0006	0.4160	0.0007	0.3947	0.0004
Daily Cigarettes	0.0009	0.0851	0.0035	0.5715	0.0008
Smokeless Tobacco	0.4004	0.4421	0.2607	0.7252	0.3447
Cigars	0.0050	0.2102	0.0079	0.9280	0.0033
Pipe Tobacco	0.3346	0.7376	0.3006	0.0521	0.4325
Nicotine Vaping	0.0227	0.1883	0.0418	0.5963	0.0390
ALCOHOL	0.0043	0.3586	0.0064	0.1660	0.0063
Binge Alcohol Use	0.0000	0.8135	0.0000	0.7644	0.0000
Heavy Alcohol Use⁶	0.0007	0.6513	0.0009	0.4828	0.0007
OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL⁴	0.2925	0.0305	0.8210	0.2881	0.3922
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.7160	0.0474	0.4025	0.1829	0.8978
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ¹ The aged 18-49 column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Some 2023 estimates that are used in these comparisons may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁵ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁶ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.34C – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	813	832	120	122	973	990	72	72	986	1,001
AGE GROUP
18-49	510	541	109	89	663	707	68	57	673	711
18-25	200	198	33	34	263	270	*	*	266	270
26-34	281	281	55	48	352	356	*	*	355	356
35-49	337	365	84	71	390	418	*	40	399	424
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	600	625	102	114	727	716	58	67	733	729
Male 18-49	384	408	92	79	489	498	54	52	493	502
Female 18 or Older	470	499	61	47	496	547	*	*	500	545
Female 18-49	295	332	55	44	329	403	*	*	333	402
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.34D – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.32	0.32	3.17	3.10	0.32	0.32	4.25	4.08	0.32	0.32
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.37	0.38	3.25	2.98	0.37	0.39	4.57	4.33	0.37	0.39
18-25	0.59	0.57	4.34	4.95	0.59	0.58	*	*	0.59	0.57
26-34	0.70	0.69	4.75	5.10	0.71	0.69	*	*	0.70	0.69
35-49	0.53	0.56	5.61	4.87	0.53	0.56	*	5.83	0.54	0.56
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.48	0.49	3.98	3.94	0.49	0.49	4.68	4.96	0.48	0.49
Male 18-49	0.56	0.58	4.08	3.64	0.57	0.59	5.22	5.11	0.56	0.58
Female 18 or Older	0.36	0.37	4.85	4.94	0.35	0.38	*	*	0.35	0.37
Female 18-49	0.43	0.47	4.82	5.19	0.42	0.48	*	*	0.42	0.48
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.34P – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.7476	0.6648	0.7384	0.8082	0.6985
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.3344	0.2321	0.4582	0.4639	0.3705
18-25	0.3685	0.8784	0.3023	*	0.2681
26-34	0.0356	0.2973	0.0418	*	0.0275
35-49	0.4169	0.4000	0.2368	*	0.2566
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.9136	0.9971	0.8078	0.8980	0.7863
Male 18-49	0.4434	0.3885	0.5465	0.6535	0.4558
Female 18 or Older	0.6817	0.3146	0.8192	*	0.7814
Female 18-49	0.5048	0.3272	0.6366	*	0.5891
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.35C – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	601	640	128	134	672	681	64	77	692	696
AGE GROUP
18-49	401	429	111	89	467	494	59	51	487	503
18-25	176	175	28	31	213	209	15	*	215	210
26-34	235	250	58	53	248	276	*	*	260	279
35-49	249	275	88	65	264	273	*	33	280	282
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	455	488	104	112	509	504	49	53	520	515
Male 18-49	290	330	94	79	332	362	45	49	346	367
Female 18 or Older	336	360	71	62	348	372	*	*	356	372
Female 18-49	232	246	57	40	247	273	*	*	256	274
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.35D – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.23	0.24	3.13	3.36	0.23	0.24	3.82	4.24	0.23	0.24
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.29	0.30	3.15	3.10	0.29	0.30	4.22	4.01	0.29	0.30
18-25	0.52	0.50	4.41	4.91	0.52	0.50	5.98	*	0.52	0.50
26-34	0.58	0.61	4.88	5.63	0.58	0.61	*	*	0.59	0.61
35-49	0.39	0.42	5.57	4.72	0.38	0.42	*	5.04	0.40	0.42
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.36	0.38	3.82	4.04	0.36	0.38	4.07	4.15	0.37	0.38
Male 18-49	0.42	0.47	3.98	3.84	0.42	0.47	4.61	4.89	0.43	0.47
Female 18 or Older	0.25	0.27	5.09	5.18	0.25	0.26	*	*	0.25	0.26
Female 18-49	0.34	0.35	5.02	4.74	0.33	0.35	*	*	0.34	0.35
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.35P – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.4621	0.7609	0.4834	0.5665	0.5381
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.3002	0.9204	0.2165	0.8525	0.2860
18-25	0.7846	0.3109	0.5859	*	0.6054
26-34	0.3099	0.9043	0.2741	*	0.3159
35-49	0.3825	0.5404	0.1748	*	0.2772
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.5622	0.7020	0.6161	0.7895	0.6154
Male 18-49	0.1658	0.8415	0.1412	0.8798	0.1738
Female 18 or Older	0.6014	0.9925	0.5505	*	0.6526
Female 18-49	0.9652	0.5156	0.8333	*	0.9378
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.36C – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	756	795	147	153	929	952	77	102	953	969
AGE GROUP
18-49	490	535	124	106	651	691	69	69	674	702
18-25	199	191	31	35	276	260	*	*	277	261
26-34	278	291	66	58	331	355	*	*	342	361
35-49	344	362	96	83	397	398	*	*	417	404
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	570	615	119	131	701	692	59	82	713	706
Male 18-49	367	410	106	94	470	508	56	63	484	515
Female 18 or Older	452	478	80	68	486	530	*	*	494	530
Female 18-49	300	306	62	49	347	360	*	*	356	362
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.36D – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	On Probation (2023)	On Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.29	0.30	3.28	3.39	0.29	0.30	4.33	5.04	0.29	0.30
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.36	0.38	3.12	3.20	0.35	0.38	4.48	4.71	0.36	0.38
18-25	0.59	0.55	4.58	5.11	0.59	0.56	*	*	0.59	0.55
26-34	0.69	0.71	4.78	5.60	0.69	0.71	*	*	0.70	0.71
35-49	0.54	0.56	5.27	4.91	0.53	0.56	*	*	0.55	0.56
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.45	0.48	4.09	4.17	0.46	0.48	4.75	5.68	0.46	0.48
Male 18-49	0.54	0.58	3.94	3.95	0.54	0.59	5.21	5.62	0.54	0.59
Female 18 or Older	0.34	0.36	4.91	5.03	0.34	0.36	*	*	0.34	0.36
Female 18-49	0.44	0.43	5.00	4.86	0.43	0.44	*	*	0.43	0.44
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.36P – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+¹ (2023)	On Probation (2023)	Not on Probation (2023)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2023)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	0.4690	0.6550	0.5005	0.2292	0.4277
AGE GROUP
18-49	0.2722	0.9469	0.3486	0.9931	0.2830
18-25	0.1214	0.5188	0.0775	*	0.0841
26-34	0.2988	0.8324	0.3539	*	0.3199
35-49	0.8736	0.8401	0.6481	*	0.7798
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	0.8671	0.6043	0.8968	0.3751	0.8586
Male 18-49	0.5763	0.9637	0.4980	0.8982	0.5428
Female 18 or Older	0.3133	0.9817	0.3617	*	0.2981
Female 18-49	0.0108	0.8102	0.0173	*	0.0127
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ¹ The aged 18+ column includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.37C – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	660	691	917	902
AGE GROUP
18-25	115	122	234	226
26 or Older	650	681	857	861
26-49	373	373	518	519
50 or Older	529	547	609	663
SEX
Male	516	520	588	592
Female	370	403	639	636
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	603	653	818	813
AIAN	45	37	60	36
Asian	118	143	206	242
Black or African American	199	214	281	287
NHPI	*	28	*	32
White	636	665	956	1,043
Two or More Races	124	148	177	201
Hispanic or Latino	245	247	333	316
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	190	195	224	223
High School Graduate	354	327	389	397
Some College/Associate’s Degree	367	376	491	449
College Graduate	339	377	516	547
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	513	532	749	791
Part-Time	205	244	334	382
Unemployed	132	143	164	213
Other³	416	461	609	706
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.37D – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	0.26	0.27	0.36	0.35
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.34	0.35	0.69	0.65
26 or Older	0.29	0.30	0.39	0.38
26-49	0.36	0.36	0.51	0.49
50 or Older	0.44	0.45	0.51	0.55
SEX
Male	0.42	0.41	0.47	0.47
Female	0.28	0.30	0.49	0.48
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.29	0.31	0.39	0.38
AIAN	3.63	2.83	4.34	2.74
Asian	0.74	0.81	1.25	1.27
Black or African American	0.62	0.64	0.80	0.81
NHPI	*	2.45	*	2.76
White	0.34	0.37	0.45	0.44
Two or More Races	2.02	2.34	2.54	2.50
Hispanic or Latino	0.54	0.53	0.74	0.67
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.79	0.82	0.93	0.94
High School Graduate	0.52	0.47	0.57	0.57
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.48	0.49	0.64	0.58
College Graduate	0.39	0.42	0.60	0.61
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.37	0.38	0.48	0.50
Part-Time	0.62	0.71	0.92	0.93
Unemployed	1.07	1.02	1.28	1.39
Other³	0.43	0.44	0.54	0.59
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.37P – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	0.4969	0.0842
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.9826	0.0253
26 or Older	0.4857	0.0151
26-49	0.9553	0.0298
50 or Older	0.4143	0.1708
SEX
Male	0.7507	0.0441
Female	0.4406	0.5759
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.8372	0.0286
AIAN	0.8677	0.1277
Asian	0.6855	0.3781
Black or African American	0.1685	0.3577
NHPI	*	*
White	0.9052	0.0465
Two or More Races	0.9917	0.1233
Hispanic or Latino	0.1447	0.7155
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.8575	0.2154
High School Graduate	0.3333	0.9439
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.2705	0.3296
College Graduate	0.2311	0.0264
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.9643	0.9912
Part-Time	0.2887	0.3452
Unemployed	0.6992	0.0243
Other³	0.6650	0.1009
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.38C – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	571	614	738	757
AGE GROUP
18-25	94	105	183	187
26 or Older	569	604	696	722
26-49	329	301	406	442
50 or Older	450	502	515	576
SEX
Male	460	461	467	472
Female	318	356	534	570
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	519	581	662	692
AIAN	37	34	48	33
Asian	99	121	159	188
Black or African American	166	181	197	202
NHPI	*	21	*	31
White	528	565	726	808
Two or More Races	106	141	109	173
Hispanic or Latino	212	205	277	269
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	158	186	159	179
High School Graduate	300	308	309	325
Some College/Associate’s Degree	323	342	413	380
College Graduate	299	313	442	497
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	444	435	553	626
Part-Time	166	205	269	296
Unemployed	94	129	124	152
Other³	358	417	453	546
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.38D – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	0.22	0.24	0.29	0.29
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.28	0.31	0.55	0.55
26 or Older	0.26	0.27	0.31	0.32
26-49	0.32	0.29	0.40	0.42
50 or Older	0.38	0.42	0.43	0.48
SEX
Male	0.37	0.36	0.38	0.37
Female	0.24	0.27	0.41	0.43
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.25	0.27	0.32	0.33
AIAN	3.06	2.62	3.71	2.52
Asian	0.62	0.70	0.99	1.02
Black or African American	0.52	0.55	0.61	0.60
NHPI	*	1.88	*	2.60
White	0.30	0.32	0.37	0.38
Two or More Races	1.82	2.28	2.00	2.38
Hispanic or Latino	0.47	0.44	0.62	0.57
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.66	0.79	0.66	0.76
High School Graduate	0.44	0.44	0.45	0.47
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.42	0.44	0.54	0.49
College Graduate	0.35	0.35	0.52	0.56
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.33	0.33	0.39	0.43
Part-Time	0.51	0.61	0.77	0.80
Unemployed	0.79	0.94	1.02	1.09
Other³	0.37	0.41	0.45	0.49
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.38P – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	0.3025	0.1397
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.6119	0.0154
26 or Older	0.3344	0.0299
26-49	0.9643	0.0636
50 or Older	0.2447	0.2051
SEX
Male	0.4309	0.0995
Female	0.4475	0.5683
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.3285	0.0332
AIAN	0.6357	0.4410
Asian	0.7755	0.6375
Black or African American	0.1940	0.2630
NHPI	*	*
White	0.5709	0.1208
Two or More Races	0.5017	0.0063
Hispanic or Latino	0.6287	0.2832
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.4568	0.8812
High School Graduate	0.3853	0.8105
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.0638	0.8490
College Graduate	0.6461	0.0768
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.9019	0.6725
Part-Time	0.4990	0.9506
Unemployed	0.0826	0.0466
Other³	0.3120	0.1686
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.39C – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	636	687	873	983
AGE GROUP
18-25	100	115	259	247
26 or Older	626	672	798	906
26-49	378	339	486	576
50 or Older	472	539	559	653
SEX
Male	499	506	517	548
Female	341	380	618	694
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	576	647	789	918
AIAN	*	*	*	33
Asian	*	*	159	188
Black or African American	166	181	197	202
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	528	565	726	808
Two or More Races	106	141	109	173
Hispanic or Latino	221	212	293	303
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	160	197	175	187
High School Graduate	321	321	339	357
Some College/Associate’s Degree	358	382	480	448
College Graduate	322	354	523	661
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	444	435	553	626
Part-Time	166	205	269	296
Unemployed	94	129	124	152
Other³	358	417	453	546
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.39D – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Standard Errors of Percentages, 2023 and 2024
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)
TOTAL	0.97	0.94	0.62	0.65
AGE GROUP
18-25	2.07	1.98	0.93	0.93
26 or Older	1.03	1.02	0.76	0.77
26-49	1.16	1.12	0.83	0.81
50 or Older	1.81	1.69	1.49	1.52
SEX
Male	1.36	1.20	1.03	1.03
Female	1.52	1.51	0.81	0.83
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.05	0.98	0.68	0.68
AIAN	*	*	*	6.01
Asian	*	*	3.89	3.62
Black or African American	3.83	3.36	2.54	2.09
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1.11	1.02	0.73	0.74
Two or More Races	5.38	4.33	4.71	2.80
Hispanic or Latino	2.53	2.83	1.63	1.82
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	3.78	2.92	2.95	2.66
High School Graduate	2.01	1.80	1.48	1.49
Some College/Associate’s Degree	1.67	1.53	1.13	1.15
College Graduate	1.66	1.59	0.94	0.95
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	1.31	1.27	0.83	0.87
Part-Time	2.37	2.54	1.36	1.42
Unemployed	4.33	3.00	2.59	2.41
Other³	1.89	1.70	1.35	1.37
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

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Table 8.39P – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2024 Versus 2023
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2023)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2023)
TOTAL	0.3862	0.7895
AGE GROUP
18-25	0.4038	0.3610
26 or Older	0.4770	0.6244
26-49	0.9453	0.6710
50 or Older	0.3612	0.7858
SEX
Male	0.3260	0.9136
Female	0.8832	0.7732
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.1245	0.4629
AIAN	*	*
Asian	*	0.6976
Black or African American	0.7330	0.3540
NHPI	*	*
White	0.1863	0.9312
Two or More Races	0.2007	0.0195
Hispanic or Latino	0.0980	0.2434
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	0.0614	0.1603
High School Graduate	0.8893	0.7920
Some College/Associate’s Degree	0.0587	0.4548
College Graduate	0.3239	0.8827
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.7016	0.3239
Part-Time	0.6151	0.2049
Unemployed	0.0111	0.7221
Other³	0.1866	0.9394
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: The estimates that are used in these comparisons exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ¹ Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be in recovery or recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.