Section 9 PE Tables - Results from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ

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Table 9.1A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	139,677^b	143,116^b	145,076^b	149,927
Marijuana	128,961^b	132,296^b	133,529^a	137,055
Cocaine	41,371	42,231	42,280	42,408
Crack	10,625	10,167	9,871	10,634
Heroin	6,684	6,558	6,210	6,515
Hallucinogens	46,474^b	48,850^a	48,438^a	51,559
LSD	30,114	31,074	30,247	30,935
PCP	6,570	6,394	5,883	5,829
Ecstasy	21,436	22,103	22,276	22,060
Inhalants³	--	--	--	31,989
Methamphetamine	17,461^a	16,588	16,130	15,294
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	160,536^a	161,196	163,207	163,970
Cigarettes	144,864	146,135	147,213	147,571
Daily Cigarettes	82,667	81,708	81,469	80,874
Smokeless Tobacco	39,664	38,828	37,928	37,799
Cigars	79,527^b	84,474	85,827	84,273
Pipe Tobacco	29,015^b	27,278	27,494	25,725
ALCOHOL	220,002^b	221,306^b	224,265^b	228,371
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	232,347^b	234,307^b	236,555^b	241,414
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	226,306^b	227,710^b	230,916^b	236,039
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	228,294^b	230,154^b	232,352^b	235,979
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.1B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	49.9^b	50.7^a	51.2	52.0
Marijuana	46.1^a	46.9	47.1	47.5
Cocaine	14.8	15.0	14.9	14.7
Crack	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.7
Heroin	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.3
Hallucinogens	16.6^b	17.3	17.1	17.9
LSD	10.8	11.0	10.7	10.7
PCP	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.0
Ecstasy	7.7	7.8	7.9	7.7
Inhalants³	--	--	--	11.1
Methamphetamine	6.2^b	5.9^a	5.7	5.3
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	57.4	57.2	57.6	56.9
Cigarettes	51.8	51.8	51.9	51.2
Daily Cigarettes	29.5^b	29.0	28.7	28.1
Smokeless Tobacco	14.2^a	13.8	13.4	13.1
Cigars	28.4	30.0	30.3^a	29.2
Pipe Tobacco	10.4^b	9.7^a	9.7^a	8.9
ALCOHOL	78.6	78.5	79.1	79.2
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	83.0	83.1	83.5	83.8
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	80.9^a	80.7^b	81.5	81.9
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	81.6	81.6	82.0	81.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.2A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	5,738^a	5,377^b	5,332^b	6,275
Marijuana	3,555	3,466	3,462	3,363
Cocaine	103	65	84	109
Crack	18	4	9	25
Heroin	7	10	18	22
Hallucinogens	626	533	518	591
LSD	451^b	283	250	222
PCP	32	28	33	28
Ecstasy	155	124	131	127
Inhalants³	--	--	--	3,092
Methamphetamine	52	37	84	87
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	2,603^b	2,227	2,144	2,077
Cigarettes	1,929^a	1,710	1,738	1,612
Daily Cigarettes	185	157	149	208
Smokeless Tobacco	653^b	397	366	422
Cigars	950^b	721	649	639
Pipe Tobacco	247	204	170	209
ALCOHOL	6,187^b	5,745	5,593	5,532
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	8,746	8,335^a	8,166^b	8,848
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	8,397	7,966^b	7,878^b	8,580
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	6,839^b	6,321	6,150	5,994
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.2B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	22.1^a	20.9^b	20.6^b	24.2
Marijuana	13.7	13.5	13.4	13.0
Cocaine	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
Crack	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.3
LSD	1.7^b	1.1	1.0	0.9
PCP	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecstasy	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inhalants³	--	--	--	11.9
Methamphetamine	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	10.0^b	8.7	8.3	8.0
Cigarettes	7.4^a	6.6	6.7	6.2
Daily Cigarettes	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.8
Smokeless Tobacco	2.5^b	1.5	1.4	1.6
Cigars	3.7^b	2.8	2.5	2.5
Pipe Tobacco	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.8
ALCOHOL	23.8^b	22.3	21.6	21.3
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	33.6	32.4	31.5^b	34.1
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	32.3	31.0^a	30.4^b	33.1
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	26.3^b	24.6	23.7	23.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.3A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	133,939^b	137,739^b	139,745^a	143,653
Marijuana	125,406^b	128,829^b	130,067^a	133,692
Cocaine	41,268	42,165	42,196	42,299
Crack	10,606	10,163	9,862	10,609
Heroin	6,677	6,549	6,191	6,493
Hallucinogens	45,848^b	48,316^a	47,920^a	50,968
LSD	29,663	30,791	29,997	30,713
PCP	6,538	6,366	5,849	5,802
Ecstasy	21,281	21,979	22,145	21,933
Inhalants³	--	--	--	28,896
Methamphetamine	17,409^a	16,551	16,046	15,206
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	157,933^a	158,968	161,062	161,892
Cigarettes	142,935	144,425	145,475	145,958
Daily Cigarettes	82,482	81,551	81,320	80,666
Smokeless Tobacco	39,011	38,431	37,562	37,378
Cigars	78,576^b	83,753	85,178	83,634
Pipe Tobacco	28,767^b	27,074	27,324	25,517
ALCOHOL	213,815^b	215,561^b	218,672^b	222,839
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	223,601^b	225,973^b	228,389^b	232,566
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	217,909^b	219,744^b	223,038^b	227,458
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	221,455^b	223,833^b	226,202^b	229,985
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.3B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	52.8^b	53.7	54.3	54.8
Marijuana	49.4^a	50.3	50.5	51.0
Cocaine	16.3	16.5	16.4	16.1
Crack	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.0
Heroin	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.5
Hallucinogens	18.1^b	18.9	18.6	19.4
LSD	11.7	12.0	11.6	11.7
PCP	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.2
Ecstasy	8.4	8.6	8.6	8.4
Inhalants³	--	--	--	11.0
Methamphetamine	6.9^b	6.5^a	6.2	5.8
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	62.2	62.0	62.5	61.7
Cigarettes	56.3	56.4	56.5	55.6
Daily Cigarettes	32.5^b	31.8	31.6	30.8
Smokeless Tobacco	15.4^a	15.0	14.6	14.3
Cigars	31.0	32.7	33.1^a	31.9
Pipe Tobacco	11.3^b	10.6^a	10.6^a	9.7
ALCOHOL	84.2	84.1	84.9	85.0
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	88.1	88.2	88.7	88.7
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	85.9	85.7^a	86.6	86.7
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	87.2	87.3	87.8	87.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.4A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	18,275	19,121	18,285	18,697
Marijuana	17,030	18,053^b	17,033	17,068
Cocaine	2,924^b	3,127^b	2,698^b	2,226
Crack	315^b	215	246^a	153
Heroin	349^b	218	224	180
Hallucinogens	5,349	5,889	5,259	5,661
LSD	3,317^a	3,583^b	3,000	2,817
PCP	226	180	135	153
Ecstasy	2,756^b	2,628^b	2,151	1,920
Inhalants³	--	--	--	3,461
Methamphetamine	606	682^b	569	464
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	14,994^b	14,469	14,229	13,849
Cigarettes	12,209	12,190	11,790	11,780
Daily Cigarettes	3,706^b	3,677^b	3,278	2,969
Smokeless Tobacco	4,356^b	3,693	3,545	3,701
Cigars	8,193^b	7,995^a	7,850^a	7,302
Pipe Tobacco	1,966^b	1,992^b	1,675	1,472
ALCOHOL	25,058^a	25,747	25,439	25,805
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	26,708^b	27,481	27,152	27,687
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	26,201^b	27,062	26,666	27,246
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	25,888^a	26,544	26,267	26,502
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.4B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	54.6	55.0	53.7	53.5
Marijuana	50.9^a	51.9^b	50.0	48.8
Cocaine	8.7^b	9.0^b	7.9^b	6.4
Crack	0.9^b	0.6	0.7^a	0.4
Heroin	1.0^b	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hallucinogens	16.0	16.9	15.5	16.2
LSD	9.9^b	10.3^b	8.8	8.1
PCP	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.4
Ecstasy	8.2^b	7.6^b	6.3	5.5
Inhalants³	--	--	--	9.9
Methamphetamine	1.8^a	2.0^b	1.7	1.3
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	44.8^b	41.6^a	41.8^a	39.6
Cigarettes	36.5^b	35.0	34.6	33.7
Daily Cigarettes	11.1^b	10.6^b	9.6^a	8.5
Smokeless Tobacco	13.0^b	10.6	10.4	10.6
Cigars	24.5^b	23.0^b	23.1^b	20.9
Pipe Tobacco	5.9^b	5.7^b	4.9	4.2
ALCOHOL	74.9	74.0	74.7	73.8
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	79.8	79.0	79.8	79.2
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	78.3	77.8	78.4	78.0
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	77.4	76.3	77.2	75.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.5A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	115,664^b	118,618^b	121,460^a	124,955
Marijuana	108,376^b	110,776^b	113,034^a	116,624
Cocaine	38,344	39,038	39,498	40,074
Crack	10,292	9,948	9,616	10,455
Heroin	6,328	6,331	5,967	6,313
Hallucinogens	40,499^b	42,427^a	42,661^a	45,307
LSD	26,346	27,207	26,997	27,896
PCP	6,312	6,186	5,715	5,649
Ecstasy	18,524	19,351	19,995	20,013
Inhalants³	--	--	--	25,435
Methamphetamine	16,803^a	15,869	15,478	14,742
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	142,939^b	144,499^a	146,834	148,043
Cigarettes	130,726^a	132,235	133,685	134,178
Daily Cigarettes	78,776	77,874	78,042	77,697
Smokeless Tobacco	34,655	34,737	34,017	33,676
Cigars	70,384^b	75,758	77,328	76,332
Pipe Tobacco	26,801^b	25,082	25,650	24,045
ALCOHOL	188,757^b	189,814^b	193,233^b	197,034
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	196,893^b	198,492^b	201,237^b	204,879
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	191,707^b	192,681^b	196,372^b	200,213
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	195,567^b	197,289^b	199,935^b	203,483
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.5B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	52.5^b	53.6^a	54.3	55.0
Marijuana	49.2^b	50.0	50.6	51.3
Cocaine	17.4	17.6	17.7	17.6
Crack	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.6
Heroin	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.8
Hallucinogens	18.4^b	19.2	19.1	19.9
LSD	12.0	12.3	12.1	12.3
PCP	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.5
Ecstasy	8.4	8.7	8.9	8.8
Inhalants³	--	--	--	11.2
Methamphetamine	7.6^b	7.2^a	6.9	6.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Prescription Opioids	--	--	--	--
Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	nr	nr	nr	nr
Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids²	--	--	--	--
Central Nervous System Stimulants	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^2,4	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	64.9	65.2	65.7	65.1
Cigarettes	59.3	59.7	59.8	59.0
Daily Cigarettes	35.7^a	35.2	34.9	34.2
Smokeless Tobacco	15.7	15.7	15.2	14.8
Cigars	31.9^b	34.2	34.6	33.6
Pipe Tobacco	12.2^b	11.3	11.5^a	10.6
ALCOHOL	85.7	85.7	86.5	86.7
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol^1,2	89.3	89.6	90.0	90.1
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	87.0^a	87.0^a	87.9	88.1
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	88.7	89.1	89.5	89.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drug use in lifetime includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics even though those estimates are not reported due to potential underreporting in lifetime prescription psychotherapeutics estimates. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.6A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	61,995^b	70,338^a	70,537^a	73,637
Marijuana	53,181^b	61,901	61,816	64,194
Cocaine	4,760	5,274^b	5,012^a	4,257
Crack	1,003	918	997	749
Heroin	1,089^b	1,049^b	660	556
Hallucinogens	7,572^b	8,509^b	8,795^b	10,423
LSD	2,579^b	2,322^b	1,698	1,619
PCP	198	204	135	103
Ecstasy	2,228	2,109	2,153	2,013
Inhalants²	--	--	--	3,155
Methamphetamine	2,640	2,705	2,621	2,384
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	14,529	14,204	14,435	13,797
Pain Relievers	8,885	8,457	8,578	8,000
Prescription Opioids	8,534	7,948	8,196	7,570
Stimulants	3,910	4,298	3,922	3,899
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	4,813	4,848	4,722	4,575
Tranquilizers	4,284	4,153	3,993	3,829
Sedatives	878	959	1,063	920
Benzodiazepines	3,931	3,681	3,696	3,360
Opioids^1,3	9,069^a	8,409	8,520	7,795
Central Nervous System Stimulants	9,379	10,188^a	9,659	9,031
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	25,825
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	68,388^b	63,536	63,490^a	61,078
Cigarettes	53,684^b	50,139^a	48,536	47,125
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	10,224	8,290	9,451	9,261
Cigars	18,976	19,173	19,897^a	18,342
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	174,266^a	176,975	177,278	178,687
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	196,112^b	198,209	198,534	201,125
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	184,403^b	188,483^a	188,929	191,873
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	190,116	191,568	191,307	193,215
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.6B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	22.2^b	24.9	24.9	25.5
Marijuana	19.0^b	22.0	21.8	22.3
Cocaine	1.7	1.9^b	1.8^a	1.5
Crack	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
Heroin	0.4^b	0.4^b	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	2.7^b	3.0^b	3.1^b	3.6
LSD	0.9^b	0.8^b	0.6	0.6
PCP	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1.1
Methamphetamine	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.8
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	5.2	5.0	5.1	4.8
Pain Relievers	3.2^a	3.0	3.0	2.8
Prescription Opioids	3.0^a	2.8	2.9	2.6
Stimulants	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6
Tranquilizers	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3
Sedatives	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
Benzodiazepines	1.4^a	1.3	1.3	1.2
Opioids^1,3	3.2^b	3.0	3.0^a	2.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3.4	3.6^b	3.4	3.1
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	9.0
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	24.4^b	22.5^b	22.4^b	21.2
Cigarettes	19.2^b	17.8^b	17.1^a	16.3
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	3.7^a	2.9	3.3	3.2
Cigars	6.8	6.8	7.0^b	6.4
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	62.3	62.8	62.5	62.0
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	70.1	70.3	70.0	69.8
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	65.9	66.8	66.7	66.6
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	67.9	67.9	67.5	67.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.7A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	3,802	3,688	3,816	3,916
Marijuana	2,845	2,947	2,894	2,694
Cocaine	35	40	63	72
Crack	3	1	4	8
Heroin	1	3	4	10
Hallucinogens	377	358	387	405
LSD	272^b	169	144	112
PCP	22^a	15	22	1
Ecstasy	96	63	75	57
Inhalants²	--	--	--	967
Methamphetamine	35	18	40	57
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	908^b	640	785	647
Pain Relievers	550	406	570^a	425
Prescription Opioids	525	378	511	395
Stimulants	302	226	230	203
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	248	137	173	172
Tranquilizers	220	115	119	126
Sedatives	43	27	68	64
Benzodiazepines	203	113	111	107
Opioids^1,3	525	378	515	400
Central Nervous System Stimulants	338	272	285	293
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	1,840
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	1,521^a	1,224	1,242	1,236
Cigarettes	1,018^a	886	895	802
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	364	188^a	205	282
Cigars	595	411	401	464
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	4,779^a	4,301	4,388	4,244
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	6,476	6,115	6,239	6,230
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	6,282	5,884	6,068	6,058
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	5,197^b	4,679	4,771	4,532
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.7B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	14.6	14.3	14.7	15.1
Marijuana	10.9	11.5	11.2	10.4
Cocaine	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.6
LSD	1.0^b	0.7	0.6	0.4
PCP	0.1^a	0.1	0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inhalants²	--	--	--	3.7
Methamphetamine	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	3.5^b	2.5	3.0	2.5
Pain Relievers	2.1	1.6	2.2^a	1.6
Prescription Opioids	2.0	1.5	2.0	1.5
Stimulants	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1.0	0.5	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.5
Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Benzodiazepines	0.8	0.4	0.4	0.4
Opioids^1,3	2.0	1.5	2.0	1.5
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	7.1
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	5.8^a	4.8	4.8	4.8
Cigarettes	3.9^a	3.4	3.5	3.1
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	1.4	0.7^a	0.8	1.1
Cigars	2.3	1.6	1.5	1.8
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	18.4^a	16.7	16.9	16.4
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	24.9	23.8	24.1	24.0
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	24.1	22.9	23.4	23.3
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	20.0^b	18.2	18.4	17.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.8A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	58,192^b	66,650^a	66,721^a	69,720
Marijuana	50,337^b	58,955	58,922^a	61,500
Cocaine	4,725	5,235^b	4,949^a	4,185
Crack	1,000	917	993	741
Heroin	1,088^b	1,046^b	656	546
Hallucinogens	7,195^b	8,151^b	8,408^b	10,018
LSD	2,307^b	2,154^b	1,554	1,507
PCP	175	190	113	102
Ecstasy	2,132	2,046	2,078	1,956
Inhalants²	--	--	--	2,189
Methamphetamine	2,605	2,687	2,582	2,327
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	13,621	13,564	13,651	13,150
Pain Relievers	8,335	8,051	8,008	7,575
Prescription Opioids	8,010	7,570	7,685	7,176
Stimulants	3,608	4,072	3,692	3,696
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	4,565	4,711	4,549	4,403
Tranquilizers	4,063	4,038	3,874	3,703
Sedatives	834	931	995	857
Benzodiazepines	3,729	3,569	3,585	3,253
Opioids^1,3	8,545^a	8,031	8,005	7,396
Central Nervous System Stimulants	9,042	9,916^a	9,374	8,738
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	23,985
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	66,867^b	62,311	62,248^a	59,842
Cigarettes	52,666^b	49,253^a	47,642	46,323
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	9,860	8,102	9,246	8,980
Cigars	18,381	18,762	19,496^a	17,878
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	169,487^b	172,675	172,890	174,444
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	189,636^b	192,094	192,295	194,894
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	178,121^b	182,600^a	182,861^a	185,815
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	184,920^a	186,889	186,536	188,682
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.8B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	22.9^b	26.0	25.9	26.6
Marijuana	19.8^b	23.0	22.9	23.4
Cocaine	1.9^a	2.0^b	1.9^a	1.6
Crack	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Heroin	0.4^b	0.4^b	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	2.8^b	3.2^b	3.3^b	3.8
LSD	0.9^b	0.8^b	0.6	0.6
PCP	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.8
Methamphetamine	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.0
Pain Relievers	3.3	3.1	3.1	2.9
Prescription Opioids	3.2^a	3.0	3.0	2.7
Stimulants	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.7
Tranquilizers	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4
Sedatives	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Benzodiazepines	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.2
Opioids^1,3	3.4^b	3.1	3.1	2.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3.6	3.9^b	3.6	3.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	9.1
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	26.3^b	24.3^b	24.2^b	22.8
Cigarettes	20.7^b	19.2^b	18.5^a	17.7
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	3.9^a	3.2	3.6	3.4
Cigars	7.2	7.3	7.6^b	6.8
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	66.8	67.4	67.1	66.5
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	74.7	75.0	74.7	74.3
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	70.2	71.2	71.0	70.8
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	72.9	72.9	72.4	71.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.9A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	13,036	14,221^b	13,256	13,299
Marijuana	12,133	13,299^b	12,435	12,226
Cocaine	1,225^b	1,295^b	1,043^a	811
Crack	75	39	67	46
Heroin	71	55	27	51
Hallucinogens	2,462	2,676	2,276	2,364
LSD	1,077^b	894^b	501^a	369
PCP	54	13	1^a	27
Ecstasy	709^b	639^b	521	405
Inhalants²	--	--	--	690
Methamphetamine	183	161	108	161
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2,638^b	2,542^b	2,025	2,019
Pain Relievers	1,050	1,099	841	955
Prescription Opioids	989	1,035	801	897
Stimulants	1,359^b	1,278^b	1,066	973
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	916^b	842^b	576	571
Tranquilizers	855^b	779^b	522	522
Sedatives	144^a	93	90	76
Benzodiazepines	825^b	747^b	480	488
Opioids^1,3	1,009	1,056	806	925
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2,230^b	2,272^b	1,895	1,646
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	4,501
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	8,980^a	8,610	8,794	8,363
Cigarettes	6,407	6,341	6,329	6,201
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	1,639^a	1,475^b	1,575^b	1,949
Cigars	3,981	3,929	3,949	3,784
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	22,790	23,608	23,179	23,361
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	24,722	25,465	25,071	25,192
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	24,186	25,028	24,504	24,738
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	23,726	24,495	24,129	24,129
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.9B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	39.0	40.9^b	39.0	38.1
Marijuana	36.3	38.2^b	36.5	35.0
Cocaine	3.7^b	3.7^b	3.1^a	2.3
Crack	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	7.4	7.7	6.7	6.8
LSD	3.2^b	2.6^b	1.5^a	1.1
PCP	0.2	<0.1	<0.1^a	0.1
Ecstasy	2.1^b	1.8^b	1.5	1.2
Inhalants²	--	--	--	2.0
Methamphetamine	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	7.9^b	7.3^b	6.0	5.8
Pain Relievers	3.1	3.2	2.5	2.7
Prescription Opioids	3.0	3.0	2.4	2.6
Stimulants	4.1^b	3.7^b	3.1	2.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.7^b	2.4^b	1.7	1.6
Tranquilizers	2.6^b	2.2^b	1.5	1.5
Sedatives	0.4^a	0.3	0.3	0.2
Benzodiazepines	2.5^b	2.1^b	1.4	1.4
Opioids^1,3	3.0	3.0	2.4	2.6
Central Nervous System Stimulants	6.7^b	6.5^b	5.6^a	4.7
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	12.9
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	26.8^b	24.8	25.8^a	23.9
Cigarettes	19.1	18.2	18.6	17.7
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	4.9	4.2^b	4.6^a	5.6
Cigars	11.9	11.3	11.6	10.8
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	68.1	67.9	68.1	66.8
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	73.9	73.2	73.7	72.1
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	72.3	71.9	72.0	70.8
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	70.9^a	70.4	70.9^a	69.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.10A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	45,156^b	52,429^b	53,465^a	56,421
Marijuana	38,204^b	45,656^b	46,487^a	49,274
Cocaine	3,500	3,939	3,907	3,374
Crack	925	877	926	695
Heroin	1,018^b	991^b	629	495
Hallucinogens	4,733^b	5,475^b	6,132^b	7,653
LSD	1,230	1,259	1,053	1,137
PCP	121	177	113	76
Ecstasy	1,423	1,407	1,557	1,551
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1,499
Methamphetamine	2,422	2,526	2,473	2,166
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	10,983	11,022	11,625	11,131
Pain Relievers	7,286	6,953	7,167	6,620
Prescription Opioids	7,020	6,535	6,884	6,279
Stimulants	2,249	2,794	2,626	2,723
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	3,649	3,869	3,973	3,832
Tranquilizers	3,209	3,259	3,351	3,181
Sedatives	690	839	905	781
Benzodiazepines	2,904	2,822	3,105	2,766
Opioids^1,3	7,536^a	6,975	7,199	6,471
Central Nervous System Stimulants	6,812	7,644	7,479	7,092
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	19,484
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	57,887^b	53,701	53,454	51,479
Cigarettes	46,259^b	42,912^a	41,313	40,122
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	8,221^a	6,627	7,671	7,031
Cigars	14,399	14,833	15,547^a	14,094
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	146,696^b	149,067	149,711	151,083
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	164,914^b	166,630^a	167,224	169,702
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	153,935^b	157,572^a	158,357^a	161,077
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	161,194^a	162,394	162,407	164,553
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.10B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	20.5^b	23.7^a	23.9	24.8
Marijuana	17.3^b	20.6	20.8	21.7
Cocaine	1.6	1.8^a	1.7	1.5
Crack	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Heroin	0.5^b	0.4^b	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	2.1^b	2.5^b	2.7^b	3.4
LSD	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5
PCP	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.7
Methamphetamine	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	5.0	5.0	5.2	4.9
Pain Relievers	3.3	3.1	3.2	2.9
Prescription Opioids	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.8
Stimulants	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
Tranquilizers	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4
Sedatives	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Benzodiazepines	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2
Opioids^1,3	3.4^a	3.1	3.2^a	2.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.1
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	8.6
TOBACCO PRODUCTS⁵	26.3^b	24.2^b	23.9^a	22.6
Cigarettes	21.0^b	19.4^b	18.5	17.6
Daily Cigarettes	--	--	--	--
Smokeless Tobacco	3.7^a	3.0	3.4	3.1
Cigars	6.5	6.7	7.0^b	6.2
Pipe Tobacco⁵	--	--	--	--
ALCOHOL	66.6	67.3	67.0	66.5
Binge Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use	--	--	--	--
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	74.8	75.2	74.8	74.6
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	69.9	71.1	70.9	70.9
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	73.1	73.3	72.7	72.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Information about past year use of pipe tobacco was not collected. Tobacco product use in the past year excludes past year pipe tobacco use, but includes past month pipe tobacco use. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.11A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	40,564^b	46,603	47,657	48,224
Marijuana	36,950^b	42,317	43,647	44,266
Cocaine	1,846	2,015	1,814	1,671
Crack	519	573	507	392
Heroin	590^b	709^b	376	259
Hallucinogens	2,301	2,289	2,638	2,783
LSD	569^b	423	315	259
PCP	106	89	21	46
Ecstasy	603	389	471	532
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1,124
Methamphetamine	1,630	1,685	1,596	1,418
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	4,288	4,612	4,089	4,279
Pain Relievers	2,427	2,439	2,173	2,113
Prescription Opioids	2,327	2,257	2,029	1,951
Stimulants	1,124	1,348	1,163	1,239
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,341	1,529	1,236	1,480
Tranquilizers	1,145	1,304	1,053	1,259
Sedatives	225	278	284	254
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	2,718^a	2,762^a	2,298	2,117
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4,173	4,469	4,175	3,934
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	9,444
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	56,186^b	50,948^a	49,888	48,028
Cigarettes	44,763^b	41,062^b	38,692	37,780
Daily Cigarettes	27,509^b	24,103	22,774	22,273
Smokeless Tobacco	7,634	6,084	7,003	6,671
Cigars	10,429	10,392	10,721^a	9,447
Pipe Tobacco	1,887	1,799	2,000	1,804
ALCOHOL	132,512	137,446	134,729	134,330
Binge Alcohol Use	60,621^a	61,157^b	61,428^b	57,863
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	16,069^a	16,089^a	16,412^b	14,541
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	161,999	165,766	163,698	163,830
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	144,572^b	151,343	149,194	149,803
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	155,451	157,752^a	154,698	154,537
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.11B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	14.5^b	16.5	16.8	16.7
Marijuana	13.2^b	15.0	15.4	15.4
Cocaine	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6
Crack	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.2^b	0.3^b	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0
LSD	0.2^b	0.1^a	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.4
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5
Pain Relievers	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7
Prescription Opioids	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	1.0^a	1.0^b	0.8	0.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.4
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	3.3
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	20.1^b	18.1^b	17.6^a	16.7
Cigarettes	16.0^b	14.6^b	13.7	13.1
Daily Cigarettes	9.8^b	8.5^a	8.0	7.7
Smokeless Tobacco	2.7^a	2.2	2.5	2.3
Cigars	3.7^a	3.7^a	3.8^b	3.3
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6
ALCOHOL	47.4	48.7^b	47.5	46.6
Binge Alcohol Use	21.7^b	21.7^b	21.7^b	20.1
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	5.7^b	5.7^b	5.8^b	5.0
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	57.9	58.8^b	57.8	56.8
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	51.7	53.7^b	52.6	52.0
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	55.5^b	55.9^b	54.6	53.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.12A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	1,964	1,884	1,864	1,950
Marijuana	1,586	1,647	1,563	1,554
Cocaine	5	5	22	13
Crack	1	<1	4	<1
Heroin	<1	<1	4	1
Hallucinogens	91	99	110	123
LSD	53	39	33	15
PCP	4	2	4	<1
Ecstasy	9	10	18	8
Inhalants²	--	--	--	272
Methamphetamine	16	3	29	35
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	226	157	206	176
Pain Relievers	133	116	143	113
Prescription Opioids	131	102	128	106
Stimulants	80^a	33	32	33
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	52	37	44	38
Tranquilizers	36	34	38	28
Sedatives	20	7	14	11
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	131	102	132	107
Central Nervous System Stimulants	100	40	72	80
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	583
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	750^b	506	482	488
Cigarettes	432	319	344	320
Daily Cigarettes	70	10	20	12
Smokeless Tobacco	157	59^a	72	117
Cigars	197	170	112	135
Pipe Tobacco	73	58	45	32
ALCOHOL	1,886	1,753	1,800	1,725
Binge Alcohol Use	1,043	834	1,016	900
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	104	63	141	98
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	3,207	2,989	3,061	3,059
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	3,065	2,881	2,914	2,949
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	2,228	1,971	2,056	1,930
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.12B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	7.5	7.3	7.2	7.5
Marijuana	6.1	6.4	6.0	6.0
Cocaine	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5
LSD	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1.0
Methamphetamine	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.7
Pain Relievers	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.4
Prescription Opioids	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Stimulants	0.3^a	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	2.2
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	2.9^b	2.0	1.9	1.9
Cigarettes	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.2
Daily Cigarettes	0.3	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Smokeless Tobacco	0.6	0.2^a	0.3	0.5
Cigars	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.5
Pipe Tobacco	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
ALCOHOL	7.2	6.8	6.9	6.6
Binge Alcohol Use	4.0	3.2	3.9	3.5
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.4
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	12.3	11.6	11.8	11.8
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	11.8	11.2	11.2	11.4
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	8.6	7.7	7.9	7.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.13A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	38,600^b	44,719	45,794	46,273
Marijuana	35,364^b	40,670	42,083	42,712
Cocaine	1,841	2,010	1,792	1,658
Crack	519	572	503	392
Heroin	590^b	708^b	372	258
Hallucinogens	2,210	2,190	2,528	2,660
LSD	516^a	384	282	244
PCP	102	87	17	46
Ecstasy	593	379	453	524
Inhalants²	--	--	--	852
Methamphetamine	1,614	1,682	1,566	1,383
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	4,062	4,456	3,884	4,103
Pain Relievers	2,294	2,323	2,030	2,000
Prescription Opioids	2,196	2,155	1,901	1,845
Stimulants	1,044	1,315	1,131	1,206
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,289	1,492	1,192	1,442
Tranquilizers	1,109	1,270	1,015	1,231
Sedatives	205	271	271	243
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	2,587^a	2,659^a	2,166	2,010
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4,073	4,429	4,103	3,854
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	8,861
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	55,436^b	50,443^a	49,406	47,540
Cigarettes	44,331^b	40,743^b	38,348	37,460
Daily Cigarettes	27,439^b	24,093	22,754	22,261
Smokeless Tobacco	7,478	6,026	6,931	6,554
Cigars	10,232	10,223	10,610^a	9,312
Pipe Tobacco	1,814	1,741	1,955	1,773
ALCOHOL	130,627	135,694	132,929	132,605
Binge Alcohol Use	59,578^a	60,323^b	60,412^b	56,963
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	15,965^a	16,025^a	16,271^b	14,443
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	158,793	162,777	160,637	160,771
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	141,507^b	148,462	146,279	146,854
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	153,223	155,781^a	152,642	152,608
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.13B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	15.2^b	17.4	17.8	17.6
Marijuana	13.9^b	15.9	16.3	16.3
Cocaine	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
Crack	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Heroin	0.2^b	0.3^b	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
LSD	0.2^b	0.1	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6
Pain Relievers	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8
Prescription Opioids	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7
Stimulants	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	1.0^a	1.0^b	0.8	0.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	3.4
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	21.8^b	19.7^b	19.2^a	18.1
Cigarettes	17.5^b	15.9^b	14.9	14.3
Daily Cigarettes	10.8^b	9.4^a	8.8	8.5
Smokeless Tobacco	2.9^a	2.4	2.7	2.5
Cigars	4.0^a	4.0^a	4.1^b	3.6
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
ALCOHOL	51.5	52.9^b	51.6	50.6
Binge Alcohol Use	23.5^b	23.5^b	23.5^b	21.7
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	6.3^b	6.3^b	6.3^b	5.5
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	62.6	63.5^b	62.4	61.3
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	55.7	57.9^b	56.8	56.0
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	60.4^b	60.8^b	59.3	58.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.14A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	8,648	9,478^a	8,901	8,884
Marijuana	8,236	9,013	8,562	8,439
Cocaine	363^a	403^b	219	221
Crack	31	13	5	13
Heroin	26	11	12	14
Hallucinogens	553	554	599	489
LSD	184^b	125^a	69	60
PCP	22	3	<1	8
Ecstasy	178	99	94	94
Inhalants²	--	--	--	191
Methamphetamine	103	54	49	77
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	608	654	558	512
Pain Relievers	232	214	170	242
Prescription Opioids	215	207	169	214
Stimulants	307	376^b	308	210
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	156	181	159	160
Tranquilizers	134	158	138	131
Sedatives	32	32	23	35
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	222	214	173	221
Central Nervous System Stimulants	675^a	767^b	546	466
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	1,255
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	5,863^b	5,354	5,356	5,021
Cigarettes	3,959^b	3,729	3,616	3,353
Daily Cigarettes	1,069^b	996^b	920^b	655
Smokeless Tobacco	1,003	818^b	949^a	1,170
Cigars	1,872	1,839	1,807	1,697
Pipe Tobacco	366	376	377	312
ALCOHOL	17,047	17,467^a	16,878	16,589
Binge Alcohol Use	10,025^a	10,261^b	9,764	9,329
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	2,379	2,633^b	2,356	2,098
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	19,873	20,253^a	19,895	19,538
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	19,184	19,682^a	19,189	18,896
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	18,472	18,719^b	18,228	17,791
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.14B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	25.8	27.2^a	26.2	25.4
Marijuana	24.6	25.9^a	25.2	24.1
Cocaine	1.1^a	1.2^b	0.6	0.6
Crack	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.4
LSD	0.6^b	0.4^a	0.2	0.2
PCP	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.5^a	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.5
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.5
Pain Relievers	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7
Prescription Opioids	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6
Stimulants	0.9^a	1.1^b	0.9	0.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2.0^b	2.2^b	1.6	1.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	3.6
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	17.5^b	15.4	15.7^a	14.4
Cigarettes	11.8^b	10.7^a	10.6	9.6
Daily Cigarettes	3.2^b	2.9^b	2.7^b	1.9
Smokeless Tobacco	3.0	2.4^b	2.8^a	3.3
Cigars	5.6	5.3	5.3	4.9
Pipe Tobacco	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.9
ALCOHOL	50.9^b	50.2^b	49.6^a	47.5
Binge Alcohol Use	30.0^b	29.5^b	28.7^a	26.7
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	7.1^a	7.6^b	6.9^a	6.0
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	59.4^b	58.2^a	58.5^a	55.9
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	57.3^b	56.6^a	56.4^a	54.1
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	55.2^b	53.8^b	53.6^b	50.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.15A – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	29,952^b	35,241	36,892	37,390
Marijuana	27,128^b	31,657^a	33,521	34,273
Cocaine	1,478	1,607	1,572	1,437
Crack	488	559	498	378
Heroin	564^a	697^b	360	244
Hallucinogens	1,657^a	1,636^a	1,929	2,171
LSD	332	259	213	184
PCP	80	84	17	37
Ecstasy	415	281	359	429
Inhalants²	--	--	--	660
Methamphetamine	1,511	1,628	1,517	1,306
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	3,454	3,802	3,326	3,591
Pain Relievers	2,061	2,109	1,860	1,758
Prescription Opioids	1,981	1,948	1,732	1,631
Stimulants	737	939	823	995
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,133	1,312	1,033	1,282
Tranquilizers	975	1,112	877	1,099
Sedatives	173	239	248	208
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	2,365^a	2,445^a	1,993	1,788
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,398	3,662	3,557	3,388
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	7,606
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	49,573^b	45,089^a	44,050	42,519
Cigarettes	40,372^b	37,014^a	34,732	34,107
Daily Cigarettes	26,370^b	23,097	21,834	21,606
Smokeless Tobacco	6,474^a	5,207	5,981	5,384
Cigars	8,360	8,384	8,803^a	7,615
Pipe Tobacco	1,448	1,366	1,578	1,461
ALCOHOL	113,580	118,227	116,051	116,016
Binge Alcohol Use	49,553	50,062^a	50,649^b	47,634
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	13,586	13,393	13,914^b	12,344
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	138,920	142,524	140,742	141,233
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	122,324^b	128,780	127,090	127,958
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	134,751	137,062	134,414	134,817
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.15B – Types of Illicit Drug, Tobacco Product, and Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	13.6^b	15.9	16.5	16.4
Marijuana	12.3^b	14.3	15.0	15.1
Cocaine	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6
Crack	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Heroin	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.2	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.8	0.7^a	0.9	1.0
LSD	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6
Pain Relievers	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.8
Prescription Opioids	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7
Stimulants	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids^1,3	1.1^a	1.1^b	0.9	0.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	3.3
TOBACCO PRODUCTS	22.5^b	20.4^b	19.7^a	18.7
Cigarettes	18.3^b	16.7^b	15.5	15.0
Daily Cigarettes	12.0^b	10.4^a	9.8	9.5
Smokeless Tobacco	2.9^b	2.4	2.7	2.4
Cigars	3.8	3.8^a	3.9^b	3.3
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6
ALCOHOL	51.5	53.4^b	51.9	51.0
Binge Alcohol Use	22.5^b	22.6^b	22.7^b	21.0
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	6.2^a	6.0^a	6.2^b	5.4
SUBSTANCE USE
Illicit Drugs, Tobacco Products, or Alcohol¹	63.0	64.3^b	63.0	62.1
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹	55.5	58.1^b	56.9	56.3
Tobacco Products or Alcohol	61.1^a	61.9^b	60.1	59.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.16A – Alcohol Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 20; by Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Sex/Alcohol Use	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL
Lifetime	13,869^a	13,224	12,615	12,659
Past Year	11,476^a	10,934	10,604	10,413
Past Month	6,109^b	5,843^a	5,575	5,139
Binge Alcohol Use	3,379	3,154	3,283	2,946
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	616	646	663	576
MALE
Lifetime	6,578	6,468	6,100	6,199
Past Year	5,441	5,358	5,096	5,081
Past Month	2,919^a	2,763	2,691	2,448
Binge Alcohol Use	1,536	1,503	1,584	1,393
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	338	377	321	320
FEMALE
Lifetime	7,291^a	6,755	6,516	6,460
Past Year	6,035^a	5,575	5,509	5,332
Past Month	3,190^a	3,080^a	2,884	2,691
Binge Alcohol Use	1,843	1,650	1,699	1,552
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	278	269	342	256
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.16B – Alcohol Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 20; by Sex, Percentages, 2021-2024
Sex/Alcohol Use	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL
Lifetime	35.5^b	34.2	33.1	32.9
Past Year	29.4^b	28.3	27.9	27.0
Past Month	15.6^b	15.1^b	14.6^a	13.3
Binge Alcohol Use	8.6^a	8.2	8.6^a	7.6
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.5
MALE
Lifetime	32.8	32.3	31.1	31.4
Past Year	27.1	26.8	26.0	25.7
Past Month	14.6^a	13.8	13.7	12.4
Binge Alcohol Use	7.7	7.5	8.1	7.1
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	1.7	1.9	1.6	1.6
FEMALE
Lifetime	38.3^b	36.3	35.3	34.4
Past Year	31.7^b	29.9	29.8	28.4
Past Month	16.7^b	16.5^a	15.6	14.3
Binge Alcohol Use	9.7	8.9	9.2	8.3
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	1.5	1.4	1.9	1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.17A – Alcohol Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month: Among People Aged 21 or Older; by Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Sex/Alcohol Use	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL
Lifetime	206,133^a	208,082	211,649	215,712
Past Year	162,790	166,041	166,673	168,275
Past Month	126,403	131,603	129,154	129,191
Binge Alcohol Use	57,241	58,003	58,144^a	54,918
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	15,453	15,443^a	15,749^b	13,965
MALE
Lifetime	103,112	103,692	104,996	107,509
Past Year	81,667	83,624	83,485	83,258
Past Month	65,525	68,285	66,798	66,712
Binge Alcohol Use	31,047	32,122	32,056	30,786
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	9,425	9,823^a	9,527	8,724
FEMALE
Lifetime	103,021^a	104,390	106,653	108,203
Past Year	81,123	82,417	83,188	85,016
Past Month	60,878	63,318	62,356	62,479
Binge Alcohol Use	26,194^a	25,882	26,088^a	24,132
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	6,027	5,620	6,222^a	5,241
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.17B – Alcohol Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month: Among People Aged 21 or Older; by Sex, Percentages, 2021-2024
Sex/Alcohol Use	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL
Lifetime	85.6	85.5	86.2	86.4
Past Year	67.6	68.2	67.9	67.4
Past Month	52.5	54.1^b	52.6	51.7
Binge Alcohol Use	23.8^b	23.8^b	23.7^b	22.0
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	6.4^b	6.3^b	6.4^b	5.6
MALE
Lifetime	88.3	87.7	88.2	88.7
Past Year	70.0	70.7^a	70.1	68.7
Past Month	56.1	57.8^b	56.1	55.0
Binge Alcohol Use	26.6	27.2^a	26.9^a	25.4
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	8.1	8.3^b	8.0	7.2
FEMALE
Lifetime	83.1	83.4	84.4	84.2
Past Year	65.4	65.9	65.8	66.2
Past Month	49.1	50.6^a	49.3	48.6
Binge Alcohol Use	21.1^b	20.7^b	20.6^b	18.8
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	4.9^a	4.5	4.9^b	4.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.18B – Average Number of Days Used Specific Substances in Past Year: Among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; Averages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
Marijuana	144.8	142.1^a	144.9	148.1
Cocaine	50.3	41.5	46.1	42.8
Crack	105.3	98.8	87.9	88.2
Heroin	157.9	173.8	123.1	172.4
Hallucinogens	15.7	15.3	16.2	14.6
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	32.2
Methamphetamine	157.9	153.0	163.5	168.0
Alcohol	90.0^b	89.1^b	86.0	83.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.19B – Average Number of Days Used Specific Substances in Past Month: Among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; Averages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
Marijuana	16.1	16.2	16.2	16.5
Cocaine	7.4	6.4	6.8	7.3
Crack	12.9	11.4	11.5	12.5
Heroin	17.2^a	20.3	16.8^a	22.8
Hallucinogens	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.0
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	5.0
Methamphetamine	18.0	18.6	20.3	19.4
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	7.0	7.1	8.7	8.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	5.3	5.7	4.7	5.5
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	6.4	5.5	6.1	7.2
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	8.6	9.1	5.9	6.3
Cigarettes	22.7^b	21.6	21.7	21.7
Smokeless Tobacco	19.3	19.1	19.7	18.9
Cigars	9.0	8.8	10.4^a	9.1
Alcohol	8.5^b	8.1	8.3^b	7.9
Binge Alcohol Use	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.20A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	13,302^b	15,073^b	15,740	16,930
Cocaine	244^a	116	117	91
Crack	137	61	52	59
Heroin	239	272	156	168
Hallucinogens	44	37	48	50
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	50
Methamphetamine	613	604	665	639
Alcohol	12,098	11,747	11,475	11,236
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	13,302^b	15,073^a	15,740	16,930
Cocaine	244^a	116	117	91
Crack	*	61	52	59
Heroin	239	272	156	168
Hallucinogens	44	37	48	50
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	50
Methamphetamine	613	604	665	639
Alcohol	12,098	11,747	11,475	11,236
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.20B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	4.8^b	5.3^a	5.6	5.9
Cocaine	0.1^a	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Alcohol	4.3	4.2	4.0	3.9
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	25.0	24.4^a	25.5	26.4
Cocaine	5.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
Crack	*	6.6	5.2	7.8
Heroin	22.0	26.0	23.6	30.2
Hallucinogens	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.5
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	1.6
Methamphetamine	23.2	22.3	25.4	26.8
Alcohol	6.9	6.6	6.5	6.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.21A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17 and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	278	285	275	325
Cocaine	4	1	7	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	8	6	3	2
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	4
Methamphetamine	2	2	*	<1
Alcohol	14	14	12	6
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	278	285	275	325
Cocaine	*	*	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	3	2
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	4
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Alcohol	14	14	12	6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.21B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17 and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3
Cocaine	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Alcohol	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	9.8	9.7	9.5	12.1
Cocaine	*	*	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	0.8	0.4
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	0.4
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Alcohol	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.22A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	13,025^b	14,789^b	15,465	16,605
Cocaine	240^a	115	110	91
Crack	137	61	52	59
Heroin	239	272	156	168
Hallucinogens	36	31	45	48
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	46
Methamphetamine	610	603	665	639
Alcohol	12,084	11,733	11,463	11,231
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	13,025^b	14,789^a	15,465	16,605
Cocaine	240^a	115	110	91
Crack	*	61	52	59
Heroin	239	272	156	*
Hallucinogens	36	31	45	48
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	46
Methamphetamine	610	603	665	639
Alcohol	12,084	11,733	11,463	11,231
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.22B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	5.1^b	5.8^a	6.0	6.3
Cocaine	0.1^a	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Alcohol	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.3
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	25.9	25.1^a	26.2	27.0
Cocaine	5.1	2.2	2.2	2.2
Crack	*	6.6	5.2	7.9
Heroin	22.0	26.0	23.7	*
Hallucinogens	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	2.1
Methamphetamine	23.4	22.4	25.8	27.5
Alcohol	7.1	6.8	6.6	6.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.23A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25 and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	2,824	3,402	3,132	3,069
Cocaine	24	7	2	6
Crack	10	<1	2	4
Heroin	14	4	6	7
Hallucinogens	9	8	6	7
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	8
Methamphetamine	24	16	17	18
Alcohol	604^b	533^a	406	363
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	2,824	3,402	3,132	3,069
Cocaine	24	7	2	6
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	9	8	6	7
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	8
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Alcohol	604^b	533^a	406	363
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.23B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25 and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	8.4	9.8	9.2	8.8
Cocaine	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Alcohol	1.8^b	1.5^a	1.2	1.0
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	23.3	25.6	25.2	25.1
Cocaine	2.0	0.5	0.2	0.8
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	1.1
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Alcohol	2.6^b	2.3^a	1.8	1.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.24A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	10,200^b	11,387^b	12,333	13,536
Cocaine	216	108	107	84
Crack	127	61	50	55
Heroin	225	269	149	161
Hallucinogens	27	23	39	41
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	38
Methamphetamine	586	586	648	621
Alcohol	11,481	11,200	11,056	10,868
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	10,200^b	11,387^b	12,333	13,536
Cocaine	216	108	107	84
Crack	*	61	50	55
Heroin	225	269	149	*
Hallucinogens	27	23	39	41
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	38
Methamphetamine	586	586	648	621
Alcohol	11,481	11,200	11,056	10,868
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.24B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	4.6^b	5.1^b	5.5	6.0
Cocaine	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Alcohol	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.8
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	26.7	24.9^a	26.5	27.5
Cocaine	6.2	2.7	2.7	2.5
Crack	*	6.9	5.4	7.9
Heroin	22.1	27.1	23.8	*
Hallucinogens	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.5
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	2.5
Methamphetamine	24.2	23.2	26.2	28.7
Alcohol	7.8	7.5	7.4	7.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.25A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 20 and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 20; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	1,087	1,251	1,257	1,124
Cocaine	15	1	7	3
Crack	<1	<1	*	3
Heroin	13	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	11	6	3	2
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	4
Methamphetamine	4	2	4	2
Alcohol	91	127^a	68	48
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	1,087	1,251	1,257	1,124
Cocaine	*	1	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	11	6	3	2
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	4
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Alcohol	91	127^a	68	48
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.25B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 20 and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 20; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	2.8	3.2	3.3	2.9
Cocaine	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Alcohol	0.2	0.3^a	0.2	0.1
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	15.5	16.9	18.0	17.5
Cocaine	*	0.5	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	0.3
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Alcohol	0.8	1.2^a	0.6	0.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.26A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 21 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 21 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	12,215^b	13,822^b	14,484	15,806
Cocaine	229	114	110	88
Crack	137	61	52	56
Heroin	226	272	156	168
Hallucinogens	34	31	45	48
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	46
Methamphetamine	609	602	661	638
Alcohol	12,007	11,619	11,407	11,189
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	12,215^b	13,822^b	14,484	15,806
Cocaine	229	114	110	88
Crack	*	61	52	56
Heroin	226	272	156	*
Hallucinogens	34	31	45	48
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	46
Methamphetamine	609	602	661	638
Alcohol	12,007	11,619	11,407	11,189
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.26B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 21 or Older and among Past Year Users of Specific Substances Aged 21 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	5.1^b	5.7^a	5.9	6.3
Cocaine	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Alcohol	5.0	4.8	4.6	4.5
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST YEAR AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
Marijuana	26.4	25.4^a	26.4	27.4
Cocaine	5.1	2.3	2.3	2.2
Crack	*	6.6	5.3	7.7
Heroin	21.2	26.5	24.2	*
Hallucinogens	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	2.4
Methamphetamine	23.9	22.7	26.0	27.8
Alcohol	7.4	7.0	6.8	6.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.27A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	17,657^b	20,487	20,972	21,634
Cocaine	348	197	275	273
Crack	166	161	165	176
Heroin	343	436^a	181	190
Hallucinogens	52	54	80	90
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	86
Methamphetamine	860	977	1,036	827
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	293	308	380	399
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	62	101	50	109
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	73	127	90	180
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	60	54	29	16
Daily Cigarette Use²	27,509^b	24,103	22,774	22,273
Smokeless Tobacco	4,506	3,538	4,279	3,763
Cigars	2,218	2,183	2,788^b	1,999
Alcohol	22,455^b	20,732^a	20,954^a	19,054
Binge Alcohol Use	3,683	2,829	3,258	3,139
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	17,657^b	20,487	20,972	21,634
Cocaine	348	197	275	273
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	190
Hallucinogens	52	54	80	90
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	86
Methamphetamine	860	977	1,036	827
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	293	308	380	399
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	62	101	50	109
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	127	90	180
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	27,509^b	24,103	22,774	22,273
Smokeless Tobacco	4,506	3,538	4,279	3,763
Cigars	2,218	2,183	2,788^b	1,999
Alcohol	22,455^b	20,732	20,954^a	19,054
Binge Alcohol Use	3,683	2,829	3,258	3,139
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	11,649^b	9,580	9,000	8,377
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.27B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	6.3^b	7.3	7.4	7.5
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Crack	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	9.8^b	8.5^a	8.0	7.7
Smokeless Tobacco	1.6^a	1.3	1.5	1.3
Cigars	0.8	0.8	1.0^b	0.7
Alcohol	8.0^b	7.4^a	7.4^b	6.6
Binge Alcohol Use	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.1
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	47.8	48.4	48.0	48.9
Cocaine	18.8	9.8	15.2	16.4
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	73.3
Hallucinogens	2.2	2.4	3.0	3.2
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	7.6
Methamphetamine	52.8	58.0	64.9	58.3
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	12.1	12.6	17.5	18.9
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	5.5	7.5	4.3	8.8
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	9.8	8.6	14.3
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	61.5	58.7	58.9	59.0
Smokeless Tobacco	59.0	58.2	61.1	56.4
Cigars	21.3	21.0	26.0^a	21.2
Alcohol	16.9^b	15.1	15.6^a	14.2
Binge Alcohol Use	6.1	4.6	5.3	5.4
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	42.4^a	39.8	39.6	37.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.28A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17 and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	458	488	400	471
Cocaine	4	*	1	1
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	1
Hallucinogens	8	2	<1	11
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	16
Methamphetamine	8	1	19	5
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	1	3	13	7
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	9	<1	1	1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	<1	3	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	1	*	3	2
Daily Cigarette Use²	70	10	20	12
Smokeless Tobacco	24	12	8	15
Cigars	20	30	15	22
Alcohol	41	23	15	27
Binge Alcohol Use	35	3	4	6
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	458	488	400	471
Cocaine	*	*	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	<1	*
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	*
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	1	3	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	*	10	*	12
Smokeless Tobacco	*	*	*	*
Cigars	20	30	*	*
Alcohol	41	23	15	27
Binge Alcohol Use	*	3	4	6
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.28B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17 and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	1.8	1.9	1.5	1.8
Cocaine	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	<0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	0.1
Methamphetamine	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	<0.1	<0.1	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	0.3	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Smokeless Tobacco	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1
Cigars	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Alcohol	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Binge Alcohol Use	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	28.8	29.6	25.6	30.3
Cocaine	*	*	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	0.4	*
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	*
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.6	2.6	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	*	3.1	*	3.8
Smokeless Tobacco	*	*	*	*
Cigars	10.1	17.8	*	*
Alcohol	2.2	1.3	0.8	1.5
Binge Alcohol Use	*	0.4	0.4	0.7
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.29A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	17,199^b	19,999	20,572	21,162
Cocaine	344	197	274	273
Crack	166	161	165	176
Heroin	343	436^a	181	189
Hallucinogens	44	52	79	79
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	70
Methamphetamine	852	975	1,016	821
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	292	305	367	392
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	53	101	49	107
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	73	127	87	180
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	60	54	25	14
Daily Cigarette Use²	27,439^b	24,093	22,754	22,261
Smokeless Tobacco	4,482	3,527	4,270	3,748
Cigars	2,199	2,153	2,773^b	1,976
Alcohol	22,415^b	20,709^a	20,939^a	19,028
Binge Alcohol Use	3,648	2,825	3,254	3,133
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	17,199^b	19,999	20,572	21,162
Cocaine	344	197	274	273
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	189
Hallucinogens	44	52	79	79
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	70
Methamphetamine	852	975	1,016	821
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	292	305	367	392
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	53	101	49	107
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	127	87	180
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	27,439^b	24,093	22,754	22,261
Smokeless Tobacco	4,482	3,527	4,270	3,748
Cigars	2,199	2,153	2,773^b	1,976
Alcohol	22,415^b	20,709	20,939^a	19,028
Binge Alcohol Use	3,648	2,825	3,254	3,133
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	11,643^b	9,580	9,000	8,377
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.29B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	6.8^b	7.8	8.0	8.1
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Crack	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	10.8^b	9.4^a	8.8	8.5
Smokeless Tobacco	1.8^a	1.4	1.7	1.4
Cigars	0.9	0.8	1.1^b	0.8
Alcohol	8.8^b	8.1^a	8.1^b	7.3
Binge Alcohol Use	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	48.6	49.2	48.9	49.5
Cocaine	18.7	9.8	15.3	16.4
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	73.4
Hallucinogens	2.0	2.4	3.1	3.0
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	8.2
Methamphetamine	52.8	58.0	64.9	59.4
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	12.7	13.1	18.1	19.6
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	5.1	7.7	4.3	8.9
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	10.0	8.6	14.6
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	61.9	59.1	59.3	59.4
Smokeless Tobacco	59.9	58.5	61.6	57.2
Cigars	21.5	21.1	26.1^a	21.2
Alcohol	17.2^b	15.3	15.8^a	14.3
Binge Alcohol Use	6.1	4.7	5.4	5.5
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	42.5^a	39.8	39.6	37.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.30A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25 and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	3,726	4,497^a	4,231	4,063
Cocaine	28	5	2	6
Crack	<1	4	1	2
Heroin	17	4	6	8
Hallucinogens	9	*	6	17
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	18
Methamphetamine	30	29	23	31
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	24	13	33	45
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	8	24	16	21
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	8	14	1	28
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<1	<1	<1	1
Daily Cigarette Use²	1,069^b	996^b	920^b	655
Smokeless Tobacco	461	277^b	377	463
Cigars	304	411	378	347
Alcohol	1,200^a	1,098^a	1,106^a	889
Binge Alcohol Use	232	216	249	187
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	3,726	4,497	4,231	4,063
Cocaine	*	5	2	6
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	*	17
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	*
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	*	13	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	8	24	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	1,069^b	996^b	920^b	655
Smokeless Tobacco	461	277^b	377	463
Cigars	304	411	378	347
Alcohol	1,200^a	1,098	1,106	889
Binge Alcohol Use	232	216	249	187
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	249^b	174	214^b	110
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.30B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25 and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	11.1	12.9^a	12.4	11.6
Cocaine	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	3.2^b	2.9^b	2.7^b	1.9
Smokeless Tobacco	1.4	0.8^b	1.1	1.3
Cigars	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.0
Alcohol	3.6^b	3.2^a	3.2^a	2.5
Binge Alcohol Use	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.5
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	45.2	49.9	49.4	48.2
Cocaine	*	1.3	1.0	2.7
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	*	3.4
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	*
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	*	6.0	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	2.7	6.3	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	27.0^b	26.7^b	25.4^b	19.5
Smokeless Tobacco	45.9	33.9	39.7	39.6
Cigars	16.3	22.3	20.9	20.4
Alcohol	7.0^a	6.3	6.6	5.4
Binge Alcohol Use	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.0
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	23.3	17.5	23.3	16.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.31A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	13,473^b	15,503^a	16,341	17,099
Cocaine	315	191	272	267
Crack	165	157	163	173
Heroin	326	432^a	175	181
Hallucinogens	35	52	73	63
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	53
Methamphetamine	822	946	993	791
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	267	292	333	348
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	44	77	33	87
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	65	112	85	152
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	60	53	25	13
Daily Cigarette Use²	26,370^b	23,097	21,834	21,606
Smokeless Tobacco	4,021	3,250	3,893	3,285
Cigars	1,894	1,742	2,394^b	1,629
Alcohol	21,215^b	19,611	19,833^a	18,139
Binge Alcohol Use	3,416	2,609	3,005	2,946
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	13,473^b	15,503	16,341	17,099
Cocaine	315	191	272	267
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	181
Hallucinogens	35	52	73	63
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	53
Methamphetamine	*	946	993	791
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	267	292	333	348
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	44	77	33	87
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	112	85	152
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	26,370^b	23,097	21,834	21,606
Smokeless Tobacco	4,021	3,250	3,893	3,285
Cigars	1,894	1,742	2,394^b	1,629
Alcohol	21,215^b	19,611	19,833	18,139
Binge Alcohol Use	3,416	2,609	3,005	2,946
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	11,394^b	9,406	8,785	8,267
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.31B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	6.1^b	7.0	7.3	7.5
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Crack	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	12.0^b	10.4^a	9.8	9.5
Smokeless Tobacco	1.8^a	1.5	1.7^a	1.4
Cigars	0.9	0.8	1.1^b	0.7
Alcohol	9.6^b	8.9^a	8.9^a	8.0
Binge Alcohol Use	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.3
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	49.7	49.0	48.7	49.9
Cocaine	21.3	11.9	17.3	18.6
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	74.1
Hallucinogens	2.1	3.2	3.8	2.9
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	8.0
Methamphetamine	*	58.1	65.5	60.5
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	13.0	13.9	17.9	19.8
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	6.0	8.2	4.0	8.7
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	10.1	9.7	13.9
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	65.3	62.4	62.9	63.3
Smokeless Tobacco	62.1	62.4	65.1	61.0
Cigars	22.7	20.8	27.2^a	21.4
Alcohol	18.7^b	16.6	17.1^a	15.6
Binge Alcohol Use	6.9	5.2	5.9	6.2
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	43.3^a	40.8	40.3	38.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.32A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 20 and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 20; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	1,556	1,862	1,745	1,605
Cocaine	19	<1	1	1
Crack	*	<1	*	*
Heroin	14	<1	*	1
Hallucinogens	11	2	1	19
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	25
Methamphetamine	10	5	21	8
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	14	6	19	7
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	9	<1	8	4
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	2	3	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	1	*	3	2
Daily Cigarette Use²	272^b	200	177	130
Smokeless Tobacco	98	63	63	102
Cigars	80	155^a	111	92
Alcohol	194	161	130	168
Binge Alcohol Use	93	62	51	44
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	1,556	1,862	1,745	1,605
Cocaine	*	*	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	1	*
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	*
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	*	6	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	*	<1	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	272^b	200	177	130
Smokeless Tobacco	98	63	63	102
Cigars	80	155^a	111	92
Alcohol	194	161	130	168
Binge Alcohol Use	93	62	51	44
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	30	*	25	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.32B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 20 and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 12 to 20; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	4.0	4.8	4.6	4.2
Cocaine	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Crack	*	<0.1	*	*
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	0.1
Methamphetamine	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	<0.1	<0.1	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	0.7^b	0.5	0.5	0.3
Smokeless Tobacco	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cigars	0.2	0.4^a	0.3	0.2
Alcohol	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4
Binge Alcohol Use	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	36.9	40.9	40.5	39.7
Cocaine	*	*	*	*
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	*
Hallucinogens	*	*	0.3	*
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	*
Methamphetamine	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	*	2.8	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	*	0.3	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	*	*	*
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	19.4^a	16.5	14.2	11.1
Smokeless Tobacco	26.1	20.6	20.6	28.6
Cigars	10.9	21.2	19.2	17.9
Alcohol	3.2	2.8	2.3	3.3
Binge Alcohol Use	2.8	2.0	1.6	1.5
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	11.0	*	14.2	*
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.33A – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 21 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 21 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	16,101^b	18,625	19,227	20,029
Cocaine	329	197	274	273
Crack	166	160	165	176
Heroin	329	436^a	181	189
Hallucinogens	41	52	79	71
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	61
Methamphetamine	851	971	1,015	818
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	279	303	361	392
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	52	101	41	104
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	73	125	87	180
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	60	54	25	14
Daily Cigarette Use²	27,238^b	23,903	22,597	22,143
Smokeless Tobacco	4,408	3,476	4,216	3,661
Cigars	2,138	2,028	2,677^b	1,907
Alcohol	22,262^b	20,571	20,825^a	18,886
Binge Alcohol Use	3,590	2,766	3,207	3,095
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	16,101^b	18,625	19,227	20,029
Cocaine	329	197	274	273
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	189
Hallucinogens	41	52	79	71
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	61
Methamphetamine	851	971	1,015	818
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	279	303	361	392
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	52	101	41	104
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	125	87	180
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	27,238^b	23,903	22,597	22,143
Smokeless Tobacco	4,408	3,476	4,216	3,661
Cigars	2,138	2,028	2,677^b	1,907
Alcohol	22,262^b	20,571	20,825^a	18,886
Binge Alcohol Use	3,590	2,766	3,207	3,095
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	11,619^b	9,556	8,975	8,366
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.33B – Daily or Almost Daily Use of Specific Substances in Past Month: Among People Aged 21 or Older and among Past Month Users of Specific Substances Aged 21 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
Marijuana	6.7^b	7.7	7.8	8.0
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Crack	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	<0.1
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Daily Cigarette Use²	11.3^b	9.8^a	9.2	8.9
Smokeless Tobacco	1.8^a	1.4	1.7	1.5
Cigars	0.9	0.8	1.1^b	0.8
Alcohol	9.2^b	8.5^b	8.5^b	7.6
Binge Alcohol Use	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.2
DAILY/ALMOST DAILY USE IN PAST MONTH AMONG PAST MONTH USERS
Marijuana	49.2	49.3	48.9	49.8
Cocaine	18.5	10.1	15.8	16.9
Crack	*	*	*	*
Heroin	*	*	*	73.8
Hallucinogens	2.0	2.6	3.4	2.8
Inhalants¹	--	--	--	7.9
Methamphetamine	52.9	58.2	65.3	59.7
Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers	12.6	13.5	18.3	20.3
Misuse of Prescription Stimulants	5.4	8.3	3.9	9.2
Misuse of Prescription Tranquilizers	*	10.0	8.9	15.0
Misuse of Prescription Sedatives	*	*	*	*
Daily Cigarette Use²	62.8	60.0	60.3	60.5
Smokeless Tobacco	60.7	60.1	62.9	58.0
Cigars	22.1	21.0	26.4^a	21.3
Alcohol	17.6^b	15.6	16.1^a	14.6
Binge Alcohol Use	6.3	4.8	5.5	5.6
SMOKED 1+ PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER DAY AMONG DAILY CIGARETTE USERS³	42.7^a	40.1	39.8	37.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Tables among people aged 12-20 and aged 21+ are included because they are the underage and legal age groups for alcohol and tobacco. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ² Daily cigarette use includes only respondents who smoked cigarettes on each of the past 30 days. ³ Respondents with unknown data for number of cigarettes smoked per day were excluded from the analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.34A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	2,692	3,730^b	3,456^a	2,939
Cocaine	474	509	470	426
Crack	51	28	79	63
Heroin	24	73	28	30
Hallucinogens	1,337	1,411	1,510	1,632
LSD	731^b	509^b	364	293
PCP	100	14	24	39
Ecstasy	547	380	507	377
Inhalants	--	--	--	688
Methamphetamine	98	176	78	104
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	1,809	1,322	1,380	1,522
Stimulants	802	800	712	619
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	898	747	530	704
Sedatives	176	144	252	205
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	1,234	1,350	1,499	1,481
Daily Cigarettes	319	274	322	237
Smokeless Tobacco	512^b	498^b	860	1,059
Cigars	1,413	1,564	1,984^a	1,560
ALCOHOL	4,174	4,221	4,214	4,218
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.34B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	1.0	1.3^b	1.2^b	1.0
Cocaine	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6
LSD	0.3^b	0.2^b	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2^a	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inhalants	--	--	--	0.2
Methamphetamine	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Stimulants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
Daily Cigarettes	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Smokeless Tobacco	0.2^b	0.2^b	0.3	0.4
Cigars	0.5	0.6	0.7^a	0.5
ALCOHOL	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.35A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	913	1,224^b	1,169^b	912
Cocaine	15	29	23	33
Crack	3	<1	4	6
Heroin	1	*	4	10
Hallucinogens	202	220	248	238
LSD	153	127	101	88
PCP	14	8	8	1
Ecstasy	56	40	61^a	26
Inhalants	--	--	--	264
Methamphetamine	26	9	15	14
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	148	191	210	153
Stimulants	157^b	108	91	61
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	73	51	42	56
Sedatives	16	16	41	14
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	393	437	452	342
Daily Cigarettes	34	27	22	35
Smokeless Tobacco	126	101^a	109	171
Cigars	294	237	245	224
ALCOHOL	1,841	1,798	1,821	1,651
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.35B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	3.5	4.8^b	4.5^b	3.5
Cocaine	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	*	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.9
LSD	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.3
PCP	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	0.2^a	0.1
Inhalants	--	--	--	1.0
Methamphetamine	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Stimulants	0.6^b	0.4	0.4	0.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.3
Daily Cigarettes	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Smokeless Tobacco	0.5	0.4^a	0.4	0.7
Cigars	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9
ALCOHOL	7.1	7.0	7.0	6.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.36A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	1,779	2,506^a	2,287	2,027
Cocaine	459	479	447	393
Crack	48	27	75	57
Heroin	24	73^a	24	20
Hallucinogens	1,135	1,191	1,262	1,394
LSD	578^b	383^a	263	205
PCP	87	6	16	39
Ecstasy	491	340	446	351
Inhalants	--	--	--	424
Methamphetamine	72	166	64	89
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	1,661	1,131	1,170	1,368
Stimulants	645	692	621	558
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	825	695	488	648
Sedatives	160	128	211	192
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	841^a	913	1,047	1,139
Daily Cigarettes	285	247	301	202
Smokeless Tobacco	387^b	396^b	751	888
Cigars	1,119	1,327	1,739^a	1,336
ALCOHOL	2,334	2,422	2,393	2,567
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.36B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	0.7	1.0^a	0.9	0.8
Cocaine	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1^a	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
LSD	0.2^b	0.1^b	0.1	0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inhalants	--	--	--	0.2
Methamphetamine	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.5
Stimulants	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	0.3^a	0.4	0.4	0.4
Daily Cigarettes	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Smokeless Tobacco	0.2^b	0.2^b	0.3	0.3
Cigars	0.4	0.5	0.7^a	0.5
ALCOHOL	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.37A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	1,170	1,195	1,195	1,023
Cocaine	280	369	260	273
Crack	18	11	32	8
Heroin	11	28	7	20
Hallucinogens	739	703	635	582
LSD	390^b	219^a	143	116
PCP	14	4	*	5
Ecstasy	289^a	175	233	146
Inhalants	--	--	--	283
Methamphetamine	24	57	13	23
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	259	262	191	241
Stimulants	325	294	277	244
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	220^a	174	123	110
Sedatives	47	38	23	14
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	736^a	791^a	945	1,002
Daily Cigarettes	141	171	198	161
Smokeless Tobacco	204^b	247^b	473	502
Cigars	804	824	1,065	867
ALCOHOL	2,088	2,247	2,284	2,356
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.37B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	3.5	3.4	3.5	2.9
Cocaine	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.8
Crack	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	2.2^a	2.0	1.9	1.7
LSD	1.2^b	0.6^a	0.4	0.3
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.9^b	0.5	0.7	0.4
Inhalants	--	--	--	0.8
Methamphetamine	0.1	0.2	<0.1	0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.7
Stimulants	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	0.7^b	0.5	0.4	0.3
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	2.2^a	2.3^a	2.8	2.9
Daily Cigarettes	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5
Smokeless Tobacco	0.6^b	0.7^b	1.4	1.4
Cigars	2.4	2.4	3.1^a	2.5
ALCOHOL	6.2	6.5	6.7	6.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.38A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	609^a	1,311	1,092	1,004
Cocaine	179	110	187	120
Crack	29	16	42	49
Heroin	13	45	17	*
Hallucinogens	395^b	487^a	627	812
LSD	188	164	120	88
PCP	73	3	16	34
Ecstasy	203	165	213	205
Inhalants	--	--	--	141
Methamphetamine	48	109	50	66
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	1,402	869	979	1,127
Stimulants	320	397	344	313
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	605	522	366	538
Sedatives	113	89	188	178
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	105	122	103	138
Daily Cigarettes	144	76	102	41
Smokeless Tobacco	183^b	149^b	278	386
Cigars	315	503	674	469
ALCOHOL	246	175	109	210
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.38B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	0.3^a	0.6	0.5	0.4
Cocaine	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*
Hallucinogens	0.2^b	0.2^a	0.3	0.4
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1
PCP	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Ecstasy	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	--	--	--	0.1
Methamphetamine	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.5
Stimulants	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sedatives	0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Daily Cigarettes	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Smokeless Tobacco	0.1^b	0.1^b	0.1	0.2
Cigars	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
ALCOHOL	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.39B – Mean Age at First Substance Use: Among Past Year Initiates Aged 12 to 49; Averages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	20.3^a	21.6	21.0	21.7
Cocaine	25.2	22.6	24.8^a	22.6
Crack	25.5	29.2	27.2	30.6
Heroin	26.3^b	27.9^b	29.1^a	18.3
Hallucinogens	22.8^b	23.7^a	25.1	26.0
LSD	21.6	22.5	22.8	23.0
PCP	18.0	19.9	*	*
Ecstasy	24.8	25.4	24.8	27.2
Inhalants	--	--	--	20.1
Methamphetamine	24.3	26.9	25.4	31.5
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	29.6	26.5	27.8	29.2
Stimulants	25.3	25.8	25.1	27.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	28.0	28.1	30.1	29.9
Sedatives	25.4^b	26.8	27.4	33.3
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--
Opioids	--	--	--	--
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr
TOBACCO PRODUCTS²	nr	nr	nr	nr
Cigarettes	19.3	19.4	19.5	19.9
Daily Cigarettes	23.7	22.0	22.3	22.1
Smokeless Tobacco	23.0	23.3	23.6	24.2
Cigars	21.6^a	23.4	22.6	23.2
ALCOHOL	18.3	18.0^a	18.0^a	18.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for aggregate substance use categories having at least one prescription psychotherapeutic, including categories for overall illicit drugs, misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics, tranquilizers or sedatives, opioids, and illicit drugs other than marijuana (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). NOTE: Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ² Because respondents were not asked initiation questions for pipe tobacco, initiation of the aggregate tobacco products measure cannot be determined (see Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions). Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.40A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	46,787	48,722	48,464	48,351
DRUGS	24,467^b	27,230	27,153	28,184
Marijuana	16,661^b	18,976^a	19,164^a	20,585
Cocaine	1,439	1,435	1,256	1,211
Heroin	990^b	900^b	587	496
Hallucinogens	506	592	428	433
Inhalants	354	332	304	352
Methamphetamine	1,628	1,826	1,784	1,571
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	7,445	8,227	7,889	7,628
Pain Relievers	5,020	5,577	5,344	4,952
Prescription Opioids	4,648	5,201	4,708	4,596
Stimulants	1,538	1,828	1,718	1,846
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2,248	2,355	2,256	2,096
Tranquilizers	1,710	1,807	1,747	1,497
Sedatives	935	833	869	812
Opioids¹	5,211	5,741^a	5,043	4,822
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4,214	4,515	4,322	4,266
ALCOHOL	29,734^a	29,542	28,859	27,913
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	7,414	8,049	7,549	7,746
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	17,053^b	19,180	19,604	20,438
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	22,320^b	21,492	21,311	20,167
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	233,057^b	233,285^b	234,994^b	239,891
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.40B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	16.7	17.3	17.1	16.8
DRUGS	8.7^b	9.7	9.6	9.8
Marijuana	6.0^b	6.7	6.8	7.1
Cocaine	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
Heroin	0.4^b	0.3^b	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.6
Pain Relievers	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.7
Prescription Opioids	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6
Stimulants	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sedatives	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Opioids¹	1.9	2.0^a	1.8	1.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
ALCOHOL	10.6^b	10.5^b	10.2	9.7
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.7
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	6.1^b	6.8	6.9	7.1
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	8.0^b	7.6^a	7.5^a	7.0
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	83.3	82.7	82.9	83.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.41A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	2,404^a	2,228	2,192	2,024
DRUGS	1,896	1,813	1,780	1,705
Marijuana	1,348	1,308	1,223	1,219
Cocaine	7	6	45	14
Heroin	2	2	*	9
Hallucinogens	50	78	59	83
Inhalants	95	70	78	84
Methamphetamine	23	8	23	9
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	586	541	598	524
Pain Relievers	275	265	316	286
Prescription Opioids	239	222	230	262
Stimulants	272	259	244	191
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	138	135	140	119
Tranquilizers	103	77	89	84
Sedatives	56	64	72	44
Opioids¹	239	222	230	267
Central Nervous System Stimulants	283	267	268	210
ALCOHOL	965	753	757	775
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	458	338^a	345	456
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	1,439	1,475^a	1,435	1,249
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	508^a	415	412	319
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	23,615^a	23,498^b	23,723	23,928
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.41B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	9.2^a	8.7	8.5	7.8
DRUGS	7.3	7.0	6.9	6.6
Marijuana	5.2	5.1	4.7	4.7
Cocaine	<0.1	<0.1	0.2	0.1
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inhalants	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.0
Pain Relievers	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1
Prescription Opioids	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0
Stimulants	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sedatives	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Opioids¹	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8
ALCOHOL	3.7	2.9	2.9	3.0
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	1.8	1.3^a	1.3	1.8
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	5.5	5.7^a	5.5	4.8
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	2.0^a	1.6	1.6	1.2
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	90.8^a	91.3	91.5	92.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.42A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	44,383	46,494	46,272	46,327
DRUGS	22,571^b	25,417	25,373	26,480
Marijuana	15,313^b	17,669^a	17,941^a	19,366
Cocaine	1,431	1,429	1,212	1,197
Heroin	989^b	898^b	587	486
Hallucinogens	456	514	369	350
Inhalants	259	262	226	269
Methamphetamine	1,604	1,818	1,761	1,562
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	6,860	7,687	7,292	7,104
Pain Relievers	4,745	5,312	5,027	4,666
Prescription Opioids	4,409	4,979	4,478	4,334
Stimulants	1,266^a	1,569	1,474	1,655
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2,110	2,221	2,116	1,976
Tranquilizers	1,607	1,730	1,659	1,413
Sedatives	879	769	797	767
Opioids¹	4,972	5,518^a	4,813	4,555
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,932	4,247	4,053	4,056
ALCOHOL	28,769	28,788^a	28,103	27,138
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	6,956	7,712	7,204	7,290
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	15,615^b	17,706^a	18,169	19,190
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	21,812^a	21,077	20,899	19,848
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	209,442^b	209,788^b	211,270^b	215,964
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.42B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	17.5	18.1	18.0	17.7
DRUGS	8.9^b	9.9	9.9	10.1
Marijuana	6.0^b	6.9	7.0	7.4
Cocaine	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5
Heroin	0.4^b	0.4^b	0.2	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.7
Pain Relievers	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.8
Prescription Opioids	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.7
Stimulants	0.5^a	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5
Sedatives	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Opioids¹	2.0	2.2^a	1.9	1.7
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5
ALCOHOL	11.3^b	11.2^b	10.9	10.3
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.8
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	6.2^b	6.9	7.1	7.3
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	8.6^b	8.2^a	8.1^a	7.6
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	82.5	81.9	82.0	82.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.43A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	8,764	9,669^a	9,228	9,056
DRUGS	5,569^a	6,482	6,113	6,210
Marijuana	4,918^a	5,740	5,634	5,536
Cocaine	267	268	189	280
Heroin	67	35	17	33
Hallucinogens	202^a	228^b	132	102
Inhalants	90	91	39	82
Methamphetamine	121	84	71	96
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	910	945	769	805
Pain Relievers	417	410	392	341
Prescription Opioids	381	365	343	314
Stimulants	390	476	315	411
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	307	290	222	239
Tranquilizers	251	236	162	194
Sedatives	108	81	77	90
Opioids¹	408	379	347	335
Central Nervous System Stimulants	647	755	525^b	722
ALCOHOL	5,181	5,689^b	5,123	5,029
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	1,986	2,502^a	2,008	2,183
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	3,583^a	3,980	4,105	4,027
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	3,195	3,186	3,115	2,846
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	24,694^b	25,118^b	24,805^b	25,890
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.43B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 25; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	26.2	27.8^a	27.1	25.9
DRUGS	16.6	18.6	18.0	17.8
Marijuana	14.7	16.5	16.6	15.8
Cocaine	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8
Heroin	0.2	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.6^a	0.7^b	0.4	0.3
Inhalants	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.3
Pain Relievers	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.0
Prescription Opioids	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9
Stimulants	1.2	1.4	0.9	1.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6
Sedatives	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Opioids¹	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.9	2.2	1.5^a	2.1
ALCOHOL	15.5	16.4^b	15.1	14.4
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	5.9	7.2^a	5.9	6.2
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	10.7	11.4	12.1	11.5
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	9.6^a	9.2	9.2^a	8.1
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	73.8	72.2^a	72.9	74.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.44A – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	35,619	36,825	37,044	37,271
DRUGS	17,002^b	18,935	19,260	20,269
Marijuana	10,395^b	11,928^b	12,308^a	13,830
Cocaine	1,164	1,161	1,023	917
Heroin	921^b	864^b	570	453
Hallucinogens	255	286	237	248
Inhalants	168	171	187	187
Methamphetamine	1,483	1,734	1,690	1,465
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	5,950	6,742	6,523	6,300
Pain Relievers	4,328	4,902	4,636	4,325
Prescription Opioids	4,028	4,613	4,135	4,020
Stimulants	876^a	1,093	1,158	1,243
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,803	1,931	1,894	1,737
Tranquilizers	1,356	1,495	1,497	1,219
Sedatives	771	688	720	677
Opioids¹	4,564	5,139^a	4,466	4,220
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,285	3,492	3,529	3,334
ALCOHOL	23,587	23,099	22,980	22,108
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	4,970	5,209	5,197	5,106
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	12,032^b	13,726^a	14,064	15,163
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	18,617^a	17,890	17,784	17,002
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	184,747^b	184,670^b	186,465^b	190,074
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.44B – Substance Use Disorder for Specific Substances in Past Year: Among People Aged 26 or Older; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	16.2	16.6	16.6	16.4
DRUGS	7.7^b	8.5	8.6	8.9
Marijuana	4.7^b	5.4^a	5.5^a	6.1
Cocaine	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Heroin	0.4^b	0.4^b	0.3	0.2
Hallucinogens	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.6
Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.8
Pain Relievers	2.0	2.2	2.1	1.9
Prescription Opioids	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8
Stimulants	0.4^a	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.5
Sedatives	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Opioids¹	2.1	2.3^a	2.0	1.9
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
ALCOHOL	10.7^a	10.4^a	10.3	9.7
BOTH DRUGS AND ALCOHOL	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.2
DRUGS ONLY (NO ALCOHOL USE DISORDER)	5.5^b	6.2	6.3	6.7
ALCOHOL ONLY (NO DRUG USE DISORDER)	8.4^b	8.1	8.0	7.5
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	83.8	83.4	83.4	83.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.45A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	58,451^a	59,286	58,657^a	61,506
18-25	11,536	12,583^b	11,515	11,613
18-20	4,362^a	4,499^b	3,737	3,832
21-25	7,174	8,084	7,777	7,781
26 or Older	46,916^a	46,703^b	47,142^a	49,893
26-49	29,150^b	30,160	30,264	31,456
26-29	5,935	6,195	6,290	6,192
30-34	7,484	7,912	7,982	7,988
35-39	6,274	6,271	6,713	6,790
40-44	5,082	5,371	5,117	5,623
45-49	4,375	4,413	4,162^a	4,862
50 or Older	17,765	16,543^a	16,879	18,437
50-54	4,332	3,770	3,713	4,189
55-59	3,460	3,235	3,220	3,781
60-64	3,488	3,587	3,485	3,598
65 or Older	6,485	5,951	6,460	6,869
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.45B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	23.0	23.1	22.8	23.4
18-25	34.5	36.2^b	33.8	33.2
18-20	33.4	34.8^b	30.8	30.5
21-25	35.2	37.0	35.5	34.8
26 or Older	21.3	21.1	21.1	21.9
26-49	28.5	29.4	29.2	29.7
26-29	34.0	36.4	35.8	35.4
30-34	32.9	34.1	35.2	34.0
35-39	28.2	28.4	28.9	29.3
40-44	24.9	25.8	24.1	25.1
45-49	22.5	22.6	22.1^a	25.3
50 or Older	15.0	13.9	14.1	15.2
50-54	22.1	19.1	19.9	21.3
55-59	16.2	16.2	15.7^a	19.4
60-64	15.7	15.8	15.2	16.0
65 or Older	11.8	10.5	11.1	11.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.46A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	14,526	15,360	14,601	14,599
18-25	4,012^b	4,031^b	3,519	3,282
18-20	1,565^b	1,405^b	1,118	1,039
21-25	2,447	2,626^a	2,401	2,243
26 or Older	10,513	11,329	11,082	11,317
26-49	7,448	7,809	8,202	7,930
26-29	1,717	1,580	1,938	1,738
30-34	1,839	2,264	2,328	2,144
35-39	1,759	1,577	1,602	1,435
40-44	1,015^a	1,251	1,280	1,373
45-49	1,117	1,137	1,054	1,240
50 or Older	3,066	3,520	2,880	3,386
50-54	955	1,068	846^a	1,352
55-59	776	834	622	824
60-64	619	802	611	509
65 or Older	715	817	800	701
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.46B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	5.7	6.0	5.7	5.6
18-25	12.0^b	11.6^b	10.3	9.4
18-20	12.0^b	10.9^b	9.2	8.3
21-25	12.0^a	12.0^b	11.0	10.0
26 or Older	4.8	5.1	5.0	5.0
26-49	7.3	7.6	7.9	7.5
26-29	9.8	9.3	11.0	10.0
30-34	8.1	9.8	10.3	9.1
35-39	7.9^a	7.2	6.9	6.2
40-44	5.0	6.0	6.0	6.1
45-49	5.7	5.8	5.6	6.4
50 or Older	2.6	3.0	2.4	2.8
50-54	4.9	5.4	4.5	6.9
55-59	3.6	4.2	3.0	4.2
60-64	2.8	3.5	2.7	2.3
65 or Older	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.47A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	58,451^a	59,286	58,657^a	61,506
SEX
Male	22,335^b	24,627	23,817^a	25,608
Female	36,116	34,659	34,840	35,897
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	49,640	49,836	49,289^a	51,621
AIAN	425	243	259	299
Asian	2,452	2,587	2,908	2,916
Black or African American	6,609	6,095	6,054	6,632
NHPI	163	*	*	141
White	38,374	38,875	37,780	39,700
Two or More Races	1,617	1,778	1,932	1,932
Hispanic or Latino	8,811^a	9,450	9,368	9,885
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	25,008^b	26,982	26,909	27,882
Part-Time	9,207	9,278	8,341	9,258
Unemployed	4,316	3,689	3,583^a	4,260
Other¹	19,920	19,337	19,823	20,105
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.47B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	23.0	23.1	22.8	23.4
SEX
Male	18.1^b	19.7	19.0	20.0
Female	27.7	26.4	26.4	26.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	23.6	23.5	23.2	24.1
AIAN	25.9	19.6	23.5	25.9
Asian	16.4	16.8	18.1	17.0
Black or African American	21.6	19.7	19.4	20.9
NHPI	16.1	*	*	12.2
White	24.3	24.6	24.0^a	25.1
Two or More Races	35.4	35.2	36.7	35.5
Hispanic or Latino	20.4	21.4	20.6	20.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	21.9	22.8	22.2	23.0
Part-Time	30.3	28.3	26.4	28.6
Unemployed	33.0	33.5	31.3	33.0
Other¹	20.7	20.6	21.2	21.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.48A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	14,526	15,360	14,601	14,599
SEX
Male	5,020^a	6,019	5,431	6,016
Female	9,506	9,341	9,170	8,583
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12,266	13,031	12,119	12,529
AIAN	153^a	91^a	37	46
Asian	469	626	467	654
Black or African American	1,323	1,467	1,164	1,447
NHPI	57	43	*	*
White	9,874	10,207	9,663	9,629
Two or More Races	389^b	598	737	715
Hispanic or Latino	2,260	2,330	2,481	2,070
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	5,778	6,390	6,825	6,285
Part-Time	2,482	2,717	2,365	2,284
Unemployed	1,223	1,149	1,043	1,154
Other¹	5,043	5,105	4,368	4,875
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.48B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	5.7	6.0	5.7	5.6
SEX
Male	4.1^a	4.8	4.3	4.7
Female	7.3^a	7.1^a	6.9	6.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.8	6.1	5.7	5.8
AIAN	9.3	7.3	3.3	4.0
Asian	3.1	4.1	2.9	3.8
Black or African American	4.3	4.7	3.7	4.6
NHPI	5.7	3.5	*	*
White	6.3	6.5	6.1	6.1
Two or More Races	8.5^a	11.8	14.0	13.1
Hispanic or Latino	5.2	5.3	5.5^a	4.3
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	5.1	5.4	5.6	5.2
Part-Time	8.2	8.3	7.5	7.1
Unemployed	9.3	10.4	9.1	9.0
Other¹	5.3	5.4	4.7	5.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.49A – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	58,451^a	59,286	58,657^a	61,506
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	9,380	9,805	10,192	10,089
Midwest	12,407	12,964	12,089^a	13,101
South	22,010	21,382^a	21,828	23,002
West	14,654	15,135	14,549	15,313
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	30,550^a	31,197^a	31,113^a	33,726
Small Metro	18,786	20,311	19,768	20,532
Nonmetro	9,115^b	7,778	7,776	7,248
Urbanized	3,603	3,317	3,343	3,123
Less Urbanized	4,556	3,798	3,755	3,689
Completely Rural	955^a	663	678	436
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	11,083	10,459^a	11,454	11,876
100-199%	13,661	12,663	12,374	13,212
200% or More	33,663^a	36,161	34,818	36,374
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	5,540	5,214	5,131	4,930
High School Graduate	14,062	14,235	14,563	14,712
Some College/Associate’s Degree	21,199	20,777	20,382	21,492
College Graduate	17,651^b	19,060^a	18,581^b	20,372
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	32,105^a	33,891	33,159	35,155
Medicaid/CHIP	15,014	15,340	16,425	15,496
Other³	14,083	12,398	13,123	13,802
No Coverage	6,028	5,856	4,958^b	5,928
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.49B – Any Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	23.0	23.1	22.8	23.4
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	20.9	21.8	22.7	22.1
Midwest	23.6	24.6	22.9	24.5
South	22.8	21.8	22.1	22.7
West	24.4	25.0	23.9	24.7
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	22.3	22.1	21.8	23.0
Small Metro	24.2	25.0	24.5	24.5
Nonmetro	23.2	23.0	22.7	22.9
Urbanized	24.6	23.3	24.0	23.8
Less Urbanized	22.2	22.3	21.5	23.1
Completely Rural	22.9	25.7^a	24.2^a	17.0
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	29.3	28.9	29.0	29.0
100-199%	26.9	25.4	25.3	26.2
200% or More	20.4	21.2	20.6	21.3
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	19.6	21.4	21.0	20.5
High School Graduate	20.3	20.6	21.0	20.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree	27.5	26.7	26.5	27.6
College Graduate	22.3	22.4	21.5	22.6
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	20.8	21.7	21.1	21.8
Medicaid/CHIP	31.6	31.9	33.0	31.9
Other³	18.7	16.2	17.0	17.7
No Coverage	24.3	25.2	22.0^a	24.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.50A – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	14,526	15,360	14,601	14,599
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2,153	2,323	2,503	2,367
Midwest	3,051	3,334	2,849^b	3,425
South	5,538	5,764	5,475	5,173
West	3,783	3,940	3,774	3,634
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	7,066	7,675	7,169	7,629
Small Metro	5,068	5,539	5,504	5,053
Nonmetro	2,392	2,147	1,928	1,918
Urbanized	999	918	779	858
Less Urbanized	1,200	998	987	966
Completely Rural	192	231	162	94
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	3,176	3,085	3,017	3,452
100-199%	3,509	3,691	3,327	3,189
200% or More	7,837	8,584	8,255	7,948
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,205^a	1,272^a	1,118	876
High School Graduate	3,446	4,110	3,739	3,477
Some College/Associate’s Degree	6,272	5,829	5,693	5,683
College Graduate	3,603^b	4,150	4,050	4,562
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	7,206	8,179	7,676	7,590
Medicaid/CHIP	4,149	4,942	4,403	4,552
Other³	3,071	2,929	2,710	2,923
No Coverage	1,718	1,512	1,514	1,584
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.50B – Serious Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	5.7	6.0	5.7	5.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	4.8	5.2	5.6	5.2
Midwest	5.8	6.3	5.4^a	6.4
South	5.7	5.9^a	5.5	5.1
West	6.3	6.5	6.2	5.9
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2
Small Metro	6.5	6.8	6.8^a	6.0
Nonmetro	6.1	6.3	5.6	6.1
Urbanized	6.8	6.5	5.6	6.5
Less Urbanized	5.8	5.9	5.6	6.1
Completely Rural	4.6	9.0	5.8	3.7
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	8.4	8.5	7.6	8.4
100-199%	6.9	7.4	6.8	6.3
200% or More	4.7	5.0	4.9	4.7
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	4.3	5.2^a	4.6	3.6
High School Graduate	5.0	5.9^a	5.4	4.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree	8.1	7.5	7.4	7.3
College Graduate	4.6	4.9	4.7	5.1
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	4.7	5.2^a	4.9	4.7
Medicaid/CHIP	8.7	10.3	8.8	9.4
Other³	4.1	3.8	3.5	3.8
No Coverage	6.9	6.5	6.7	6.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.51A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group	2021	2022	2023	2024
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness	19,692^a	21,543	20,440	21,221
18-25	4,626	5,270^b	4,791	4,650
26 or Older	15,066^a	16,274	15,649	16,572
26-49	10,616^b	11,669	11,331	11,962
50 or Older	4,450	4,605	4,319	4,610
Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness	6,556	7,410	6,809	6,882
18-25	1,900	2,078^b	1,828	1,696
26 or Older	4,656	5,332	4,981	5,186
26-49	3,449	3,827	4,062	3,848
50 or Older	1,208	1,504	919	1,338
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	13,136	14,134	13,631	14,340
18-25	2,726	3,191	2,963	2,953
26 or Older	10,410	10,942	10,668	11,386
26-49	7,167^a	7,842	7,268^a	8,114
50 or Older	3,243	3,100	3,400	3,272
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.51B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2021-2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Level of Mental Illness/Age Group	2021	2022	2023	2024
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness	7.8	8.4	7.9	8.1
18-25	13.8	15.1^b	14.1	13.3
26 or Older	6.8	7.3	7.0	7.3
26-49	10.4^a	11.4	10.9	11.3
50 or Older	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.8
Substance Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.6
18-25	5.7	6.0^b	5.4	4.9
26 or Older	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.3
26-49	3.4	3.7	3.9	3.6
50 or Older	1.0	1.3	0.8	1.1
Substance Use Disorder and Any Mental Illness Excluding Serious Mental Illness	5.2	5.5	5.3	5.5
18-25	8.1	9.2	8.7	8.5
26 or Older	4.7	4.9	4.8	5.0
26-49	7.0	7.6	7.0	7.7
50 or Older	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Mental illness aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.52A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Any Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	23,404^b	26,052	24,856^b	27,118
Marijuana	19,923^b	23,028	21,940^a	23,773
Cocaine	2,581	2,604	2,441	2,267
Crack	613	543	546	458
Heroin	801^b	685^b	317	376
Hallucinogens	3,810^b	4,165^b	4,212^b	5,156
LSD	1,267^b	1,147^a	875	814
PCP	65	148	35	61
Ecstasy	1,223	1,045	1,080	948
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1,227
Methamphetamine	1,456	1,575	1,436	1,334
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	7,166	6,815	6,441	6,290
Pain Relievers	4,250^a	3,918	3,452	3,416
Prescription Opioids	4,133^a	3,812	3,313	3,264
Stimulants	1,913	2,301	2,134	2,018
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2,786	2,789	2,609	2,510
Tranquilizers	2,572	2,320	2,351	2,170
Sedatives	487	660	496	461
Benzodiazepines	2,343	2,071	2,111	1,906
Opioids^1,3	4,481^b	4,057^a	3,431	3,378
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4,764	5,158	4,860	4,621
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	11,451
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	31,327	33,265	31,398	32,391
Binge Alcohol Use	16,474	17,268^a	15,650	15,661
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	4,904	5,399^a	4,732	4,524
Cigarettes	14,307^b	12,998	11,925	12,332
Daily Cigarettes	8,672^b	7,660	6,988	7,180
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.52B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Any Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	40.0^b	43.9	42.4	44.1
Marijuana	34.1^b	38.8	37.4	38.7
Cocaine	4.4	4.4	4.2	3.7
Crack	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7
Heroin	1.4^b	1.2^b	0.5	0.6
Hallucinogens	6.5^b	7.0^a	7.2^a	8.4
LSD	2.2^b	1.9^b	1.5	1.3
PCP	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Ecstasy	2.1^a	1.8	1.8	1.5
Inhalants²	--	--	--	2.0
Methamphetamine	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	12.3^b	11.5	11.0	10.2
Pain Relievers	7.3^b	6.6^a	5.9	5.6
Prescription Opioids	7.1^b	6.4^a	5.6	5.3
Stimulants	3.3	3.9	3.6	3.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	4.8	4.7	4.4	4.1
Tranquilizers	4.4^a	3.9	4.0	3.5
Sedatives	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.8
Benzodiazepines	4.0^a	3.5	3.6	3.1
Opioids^1,3	7.7^b	6.8^b	5.8	5.5
Central Nervous System Stimulants	8.2	8.7^a	8.3	7.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	18.6
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	53.6	56.1^b	53.5	52.7
Binge Alcohol Use	28.2^b	29.1^b	26.7	25.5
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	8.4	9.1^b	8.1	7.4
Cigarettes	24.5^b	21.9	20.3	20.0
Daily Cigarettes	14.8^b	12.9	11.9	11.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.53A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25 with Any Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	6,053	7,008^b	5,868	6,050
Marijuana	5,589	6,537^b	5,553	5,534
Cocaine	598	713^b	563	482
Crack	27	30	23	38
Heroin	57	39	10^a	41
Hallucinogens	1,410	1,542	1,217	1,361
LSD	619^b	556^b	286	213
PCP	36	9	<1^a	17
Ecstasy	377^b	336^a	290	220
Inhalants²	--	--	--	419
Methamphetamine	112	111	64	112
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,516^b	1,494^b	1,108	1,155
Pain Relievers	599	683^a	449	486
Prescription Opioids	577	642^a	430	475
Stimulants	720	743	575	618
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	625^b	560^a	386	385
Tranquilizers	577^b	515^a	356	341
Sedatives	126	74	65	66
Benzodiazepines	550^b	491^b	344	313
Opioids^1,3	594	654	433	497
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1,137	1,289^a	981	990
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	2,490
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	6,681	7,326^b	6,329	6,361
Binge Alcohol Use	3,894	4,322^b	3,666	3,615
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	1,029	1,254^b	1,050	878
Cigarettes	1,820	1,850	1,631	1,599
Daily Cigarettes	445	499^a	406	331
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.53B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25 with Any Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	52.5	55.7^a	51.0	52.1
Marijuana	48.5	52.0^b	48.2	47.7
Cocaine	5.2	5.7^a	4.9	4.1
Crack	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Heroin	0.5	0.3	0.1^a	0.3
Hallucinogens	12.2	12.3	10.6	11.7
LSD	5.4^b	4.4^b	2.5	1.8
PCP	0.3	0.1	<0.1^a	0.1
Ecstasy	3.3^b	2.7	2.5	1.9
Inhalants²	--	--	--	3.6
Methamphetamine	1.0	0.9	0.6	1.0
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	13.1^b	11.9^a	9.6	9.9
Pain Relievers	5.2	5.4	3.9	4.2
Prescription Opioids	5.0	5.1	3.7	4.1
Stimulants	6.2	5.9	5.0	5.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	5.4^b	4.4^a	3.4	3.3
Tranquilizers	5.0^b	4.1^a	3.1	2.9
Sedatives	1.1	0.6	0.6	0.6
Benzodiazepines	4.8^b	3.9^a	3.0	2.7
Opioids^1,3	5.1	5.2	3.8	4.3
Central Nervous System Stimulants	9.9	10.2	8.5	8.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	21.4
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	57.9	58.2^a	55.0	54.8
Binge Alcohol Use	33.8	34.3^a	31.8	31.1
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	8.9	10.0^b	9.1	7.6
Cigarettes	15.8	14.7	14.2	13.8
Daily Cigarettes	3.9^a	4.0	3.5	2.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.54A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older with Any Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	17,351^b	19,044^a	18,988^b	21,068
Marijuana	14,334^b	16,490^a	16,387^b	18,239
Cocaine	1,983	1,891	1,878	1,785
Crack	585	513	523	420
Heroin	744^b	647^b	307	335
Hallucinogens	2,399^b	2,624^b	2,995^b	3,795
LSD	648	592	589	601
PCP	30	139	35	44
Ecstasy	846	709	789	728
Inhalants²	--	--	--	808
Methamphetamine	1,345	1,463	1,372	1,222
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	5,650	5,321	5,333	5,135
Pain Relievers	3,651	3,235	3,003	2,929
Prescription Opioids	3,556^a	3,170	2,883	2,788
Stimulants	1,193	1,559	1,559	1,400
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2,161	2,230	2,223	2,124
Tranquilizers	1,994	1,805	1,995	1,828
Sedatives	361	586	431	396
Benzodiazepines	1,793	1,581	1,767	1,593
Opioids^1,3	3,887^b	3,404	2,999	2,881
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,627	3,869	3,880	3,631
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	8,961
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	24,646	25,939	25,069	26,030
Binge Alcohol Use	12,580	12,946	11,984	12,047
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	3,875	4,145	3,682	3,645
Cigarettes	12,486^a	11,148	10,294	10,733
Daily Cigarettes	8,228^a	7,161	6,582	6,848
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.54B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older with Any Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	37.0^b	40.8	40.3	42.2
Marijuana	30.6^b	35.3	34.8	36.6
Cocaine	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.6
Crack	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.8
Heroin	1.6^b	1.4^b	0.7	0.7
Hallucinogens	5.1^b	5.6^b	6.4^a	7.6
LSD	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2
PCP	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Ecstasy	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.5
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1.6
Methamphetamine	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.4
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	12.0	11.4	11.3	10.3
Pain Relievers	7.8^a	6.9	6.4	5.9
Prescription Opioids	7.6^b	6.8^a	6.1	5.6
Stimulants	2.5	3.3	3.3	2.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.3
Tranquilizers	4.3	3.9	4.2	3.7
Sedatives	0.8	1.3	0.9	0.8
Benzodiazepines	3.8	3.4	3.7	3.2
Opioids^1,3	8.3^b	7.3^a	6.4	5.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	7.7	8.3	8.2	7.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	18.0
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	52.5	55.5^b	53.2	52.2
Binge Alcohol Use	26.8^a	27.7^b	25.4	24.1
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	8.3	8.9^a	7.8	7.3
Cigarettes	26.6^b	23.9^a	21.8	21.5
Daily Cigarettes	17.5^b	15.3	14.0	13.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.55A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 to 49 with Any Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	12,743^b	14,370	14,408	15,371
Marijuana	11,030^b	12,905	12,849	13,615
Cocaine	1,443	1,501	1,320	1,401
Crack	291	300	207	214
Heroin	459^b	515^b	269	245
Hallucinogens	2,213^b	2,336^b	2,596^b	3,245
LSD	608	535	492	550
PCP	30	42	3^a	34
Ecstasy	786	614	705	663
Inhalants²	--	--	--	717
Methamphetamine	986	1,021	1,073	899
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	3,811	3,745	3,773	3,534
Pain Relievers	2,258	2,238^a	1,999	1,818
Prescription Opioids	2,198^a	2,195^a	1,930	1,730
Stimulants	1,098	1,317	1,346	1,245
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,555	1,417	1,569	1,495
Tranquilizers	1,487	1,232	1,431	1,342
Sedatives	248	262	251	241
Benzodiazepines	1,398	1,149	1,256	1,186
Opioids^1,3	2,389^a	2,386^b	2,039	1,811
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2,757	2,966	2,990	2,899
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	6,589
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	17,410	19,154	18,270	18,466
Binge Alcohol Use	9,296	10,286^b	9,245	8,962
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	2,972	3,143	2,732	2,670
Cigarettes	7,580^a	7,583^a	6,444	6,559
Daily Cigarettes	4,862^b	4,471^b	3,945	3,625
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.55B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 to 49 with Any Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	43.7^b	47.6	47.6	48.9
Marijuana	37.8^b	42.8	42.5	43.3
Cocaine	5.0	5.0	4.4	4.5
Crack	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.7
Heroin	1.6^b	1.7^b	0.9	0.8
Hallucinogens	7.6^b	7.7^b	8.6^a	10.3
LSD	2.1	1.8	1.6	1.7
PCP	0.1	0.1	<0.1^a	0.1
Ecstasy	2.7	2.0	2.3	2.1
Inhalants²	--	--	--	2.3
Methamphetamine	3.4	3.4	3.5	2.9
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	13.1^a	12.4	12.5	11.2
Pain Relievers	7.7^b	7.4^a	6.6	5.8
Prescription Opioids	7.5^b	7.3^b	6.4	5.5
Stimulants	3.8	4.4	4.4	4.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	5.3	4.7	5.2	4.8
Tranquilizers	5.1	4.1	4.7	4.3
Sedatives	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8
Benzodiazepines	4.8	3.8	4.2	3.8
Opioids^1,3	8.2^b	7.9^b	6.7	5.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	9.5	9.8	9.9	9.2
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	20.9
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	59.7	63.5^b	60.4	58.7
Binge Alcohol Use	31.9^b	34.1^b	30.5	28.5
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	10.2^a	10.4^a	9.0	8.5
Cigarettes	26.0^b	25.1^b	21.3	20.9
Daily Cigarettes	16.7^b	14.8^b	13.0	11.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.56A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 50 or Older with Any Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	4,608^a	4,674	4,580^a	5,697
Marijuana	3,304^b	3,586^a	3,538^a	4,624
Cocaine	540	390	558	384
Crack	295	213	316	206
Heroin	285	132	38	90
Hallucinogens	186^a	287	399	550
LSD	40	56	96	51
PCP	*	97	32	11
Ecstasy	60	95	84	65
Inhalants²	--	--	--	91
Methamphetamine	358	443	299	323
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,838	1,576	1,560	1,601
Pain Relievers	1,393	998	1,004	1,111
Prescription Opioids	1,358	975	953	1,059
Stimulants	95	242	213	155
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	606	812	654	629
Tranquilizers	508	573	564	487
Sedatives	113	324	180	154
Benzodiazepines	394	432	510	407
Opioids^1,3	1,498	1,017	960	1,070
Central Nervous System Stimulants	870	902	889	732
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	2,372
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	7,236	6,785	6,799	7,564
Binge Alcohol Use	3,283	2,660	2,739	3,084
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	903	1,002	950	975
Cigarettes	4,906	3,565	3,850	4,173
Daily Cigarettes	3,365	2,690	2,637	3,223
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.56B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 50 or Older with Any Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	25.9^a	28.3	27.1	30.9
Marijuana	18.6^b	21.7	21.0	25.1
Cocaine	3.0	2.4	3.3	2.1
Crack	1.7	1.3	1.9	1.1
Heroin	1.6	0.8	0.2	0.5
Hallucinogens	1.0^a	1.7	2.4	3.0
LSD	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.3
PCP	*	0.6	0.2	0.1
Ecstasy	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.4
Inhalants²	--	--	--	0.5
Methamphetamine	2.0	2.7	1.8	1.8
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	10.3	9.5	9.2	8.7
Pain Relievers	7.8	6.0	5.9	6.0
Prescription Opioids	7.6	5.9	5.6	5.7
Stimulants	0.5	1.5	1.3	0.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	3.4	4.9	3.9	3.4
Tranquilizers	2.9	3.5	3.3	2.6
Sedatives	0.6	2.0	1.1	0.8
Benzodiazepines	2.2	2.6	3.0	2.2
Opioids^1,3	8.4	6.1	5.7	5.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	4.9	5.5	5.3	4.0
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	12.9
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	40.7	41.0	40.3	41.0
Binge Alcohol Use	18.5	16.1	16.2	16.7
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	5.1	6.1	5.6	5.3
Cigarettes	27.6^a	21.6	22.8	22.6
Daily Cigarettes	18.9	16.3	15.6	17.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.57A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Serious Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	7,267^a	8,129	7,584	8,376
Marijuana	6,027^b	7,227	6,876	7,378
Cocaine	705	925	840	818
Crack	159	287	143	240
Heroin	212	272	77^a	181
Hallucinogens	1,400^a	1,492	1,577	1,897
LSD	465	472	349	309
PCP	30	55	29	11
Ecstasy	375	281	384	322
Inhalants²	--	--	--	457
Methamphetamine	518	589	564	587
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2,426	2,344	2,094	2,385
Pain Relievers	1,411	1,307	1,148	1,355
Prescription Opioids	1,366	1,266	1,110	1,327
Stimulants	680	767	763	821
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,065	1,119	915	974
Tranquilizers	959	910	869	890
Sedatives	254	304^a	100	153
Benzodiazepines	857	782	781	768
Opioids^1,3	1,449	1,362	1,122	1,383
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1,537	1,804	1,637	1,794
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	4,122
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	7,873	8,752^a	8,389	7,856
Binge Alcohol Use	4,405	4,626^a	4,296	3,906
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	1,269	1,552	1,468	1,245
Cigarettes	3,877	3,991	3,560	3,552
Daily Cigarettes	2,476	2,422	2,018	1,982
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.57B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Serious Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	50.0^b	52.9^a	51.9^b	57.4
Marijuana	41.5^b	47.1	47.1	50.5
Cocaine	4.9	6.0	5.8	5.6
Crack	1.1	1.9	1.0	1.6
Heroin	1.5	1.8	0.5^a	1.2
Hallucinogens	9.6^a	9.7^a	10.8	13.0
LSD	3.2	3.1	2.4	2.1
PCP	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.1
Ecstasy	2.6	1.8	2.6	2.2
Inhalants²	--	--	--	3.1
Methamphetamine	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.0
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	16.7	15.3	14.3	16.3
Pain Relievers	9.7	8.5	7.9	9.3
Prescription Opioids	9.4	8.2	7.6	9.1
Stimulants	4.7	5.0	5.2	5.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	7.3	7.3	6.3	6.7
Tranquilizers	6.6	5.9	6.0	6.1
Sedatives	1.7	2.0	0.7	1.1
Benzodiazepines	5.9	5.1	5.3	5.3
Opioids^1,3	10.0	8.9	7.7	9.5
Central Nervous System Stimulants	10.6	11.7	11.2	12.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	28.2
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	54.2	57.0	57.5	53.8
Binge Alcohol Use	30.3	30.1	29.4	26.8
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	8.7	10.1	10.1	8.5
Cigarettes	26.7	26.0	24.4	24.3
Daily Cigarettes	17.0^a	15.8	13.8	13.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.58A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25 with Serious Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	2,300	2,553^b	2,067	2,047
Marijuana	2,091	2,395^b	1,971	1,879
Cocaine	170	274	264	197
Crack	15	7	11	22
Heroin	28	17	2	23
Hallucinogens	563	633	535	493
LSD	224^b	251^b	138	79
PCP	26	3	*	3
Ecstasy	143	110	117	84
Inhalants²	--	--	--	166
Methamphetamine	44	41	23	46
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	620	642^a	503	459
Pain Relievers	237	319^a	216	196
Prescription Opioids	236	287	200	194
Stimulants	275	300	254	252
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	307^a	242	160	184
Tranquilizers	269	226	143	167
Sedatives	90^a	23	31	36
Benzodiazepines	269^a	210	144	139
Opioids^1,3	249	290	200	208
Central Nervous System Stimulants	381	509	422	385
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	913
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	2,334^a	2,550^b	2,024	1,908
Binge Alcohol Use	1,340	1,484^b	1,258	1,095
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	275	453^a	403	288
Cigarettes	661	707	612	569
Daily Cigarettes	205^a	236^a	129	109
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.58B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 25 with Serious Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	57.3	63.3	58.7	62.4
Marijuana	52.1	59.4	56.0	57.2
Cocaine	4.2	6.8	7.5	6.0
Crack	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.7
Heroin	0.7	0.4	0.1^a	0.7
Hallucinogens	14.0	15.7	15.2	15.0
LSD	5.6^b	6.2^b	3.9	2.4
PCP	0.6	0.1	*	0.1
Ecstasy	3.6	2.7	3.3	2.5
Inhalants²	--	--	--	5.1
Methamphetamine	1.1	1.0	0.7	1.4
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	15.4	15.9	14.3	14.0
Pain Relievers	5.9	7.9	6.1	6.0
Prescription Opioids	5.9	7.1	5.7	5.9
Stimulants	6.9	7.4	7.2	7.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	7.6	6.0	4.5	5.6
Tranquilizers	6.7	5.6	4.1	5.1
Sedatives	2.2	0.6	0.9	1.1
Benzodiazepines	6.7	5.2	4.1	4.2
Opioids^1,3	6.2	7.2	5.7	6.3
Central Nervous System Stimulants	9.5	12.6	12.0	11.7
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	27.8
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	58.2	63.3	57.5	58.1
Binge Alcohol Use	33.4	36.8	35.7	33.4
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	6.9	11.2	11.5	8.8
Cigarettes	16.5	17.5	17.4	17.4
Daily Cigarettes	5.1	5.9^a	3.7	3.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.59A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older with Serious Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	4,967^b	5,576	5,517^a	6,329
Marijuana	3,935^b	4,832	4,906	5,499
Cocaine	535	651	576	621
Crack	144	280	133	218
Heroin	185	255	75	158
Hallucinogens	837^b	859^b	1,042	1,404
LSD	241	221	210	230
PCP	4	53	29	8
Ecstasy	233	171	267	239
Inhalants²	--	--	--	291
Methamphetamine	474	548	540	541
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,806	1,703	1,591	1,926
Pain Relievers	1,174	988	932	1,159
Prescription Opioids	1,130	979	910	1,133
Stimulants	405	467	509	569
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	758	878	755	790
Tranquilizers	690	683	726	723
Sedatives	164	281^a	69	118
Benzodiazepines	587	572	637	629
Opioids^1,3	1,200	1,072	922	1,175
Central Nervous System Stimulants	1,156	1,295	1,214	1,409
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	3,209
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	5,539	6,201	6,366	5,949
Binge Alcohol Use	3,066	3,142	3,038	2,811
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	993	1,099	1,065	957
Cigarettes	3,216	3,284	2,947	2,983
Daily Cigarettes	2,271	2,186	1,889	1,873
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.59B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 or Older with Serious Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	47.2^b	49.2^b	49.8^a	55.9
Marijuana	37.4^b	42.7^a	44.3	48.6
Cocaine	5.1	5.7	5.2	5.5
Crack	1.4	2.5	1.2	1.9
Heroin	1.8	2.3	0.7	1.4
Hallucinogens	8.0^b	7.6^b	9.4	12.4
LSD	2.3	2.0	1.9	2.0
PCP	<0.1	0.5	0.3	0.1
Ecstasy	2.2	1.5	2.4	2.1
Inhalants²	--	--	--	2.6
Methamphetamine	4.5	4.8	4.9	4.8
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	17.2	15.0	14.4	17.0
Pain Relievers	11.2	8.7	8.4	10.2
Prescription Opioids	10.7	8.6	8.2	10.0
Stimulants	3.9	4.1	4.6	5.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	7.2	7.7	6.8	7.0
Tranquilizers	6.6	6.0	6.6	6.4
Sedatives	1.6	2.5^a	0.6	1.0
Benzodiazepines	5.6	5.1	5.7	5.6
Opioids^1,3	11.4	9.5	8.3	10.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants	11.0	11.4	11.0	12.4
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	28.4
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	52.7	54.7	57.4^a	52.6
Binge Alcohol Use	29.2	27.7	27.4	24.8
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	9.4	9.7	9.6	8.5
Cigarettes	30.6	29.0	26.6	26.4
Daily Cigarettes	21.6^a	19.3	17.0	16.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.60A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 to 49 with Serious Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	3,823^b	4,301	4,622	4,724
Marijuana	3,224^b	3,859	4,167	4,150
Cocaine	391	436	435	407
Crack	72	136	75	83
Heroin	93	197^a	75	94
Hallucinogens	790^a	758^a	936	1,097
LSD	241	221	169	211
PCP	4	8	2	8
Ecstasy	233	151	267	190
Inhalants²	--	--	--	253
Methamphetamine	360	407	434	371
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,311	1,266	1,286	1,289
Pain Relievers	849	723	739	699
Prescription Opioids	806	715	717	675
Stimulants	382	420	470	488
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	531	578	583	578
Tranquilizers	509	482	555	549
Sedatives	113	137	69	67
Benzodiazepines	464	428	478	507
Opioids^1,3	825	796	729	705
Central Nervous System Stimulants	918	976	995	1,053
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	2,237
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	4,287	4,805	4,951	4,655
Binge Alcohol Use	2,426	2,509	2,464	2,108
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	869	848	819	678
Cigarettes	2,106	2,218	2,121	1,981
Daily Cigarettes	1,449^a	1,372^a	1,350	1,082
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.60B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 26 to 49 with Serious Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	51.3^b	55.1	56.4	59.6
Marijuana	43.3^b	49.4	50.8	52.3
Cocaine	5.2	5.6	5.3	5.1
Crack	1.0	1.7	0.9	1.0
Heroin	1.3	2.5^a	0.9	1.2
Hallucinogens	10.6	9.7^a	11.4	13.8
LSD	3.2	2.8	2.1	2.7
PCP	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1
Ecstasy	3.1	1.9	3.3	2.4
Inhalants²	--	--	--	3.2
Methamphetamine	4.8	5.2	5.3	4.7
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	17.6	16.2	15.7	16.3
Pain Relievers	11.4	9.3	9.0	8.8
Prescription Opioids	10.8	9.2	8.7	8.5
Stimulants	5.1	5.4	5.7	6.2
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	7.1	7.4	7.1	7.3
Tranquilizers	6.8	6.2	6.8	6.9
Sedatives	1.5	1.8	0.8	0.8
Benzodiazepines	6.2	5.5	5.8	6.4
Opioids^1,3	11.1	10.2	8.9	8.9
Central Nervous System Stimulants	12.3	12.5	12.1	13.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	28.2
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	57.6	61.5	60.4	58.7
Binge Alcohol Use	32.6^a	32.1^a	30.0	26.6
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	11.7^a	10.9	10.0	8.6
Cigarettes	28.3	28.4	25.9	25.0
Daily Cigarettes	19.5^b	17.6^a	16.5	13.6
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.61A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 50 or Older with Serious Mental Illness; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	1,144	1,275	894^b	1,605
Marijuana	711^a	974	739^a	1,349
Cocaine	144	214	140	215
Crack	72	144	58	135
Heroin	*	58	*	64
Hallucinogens	*	100	106	307
LSD	*	*	42	19
PCP	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	*	*	*	48
Inhalants²	--	--	--	38
Methamphetamine	114	141	107	170
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	495	436	306	636
Pain Relievers	325	265	193	459
Prescription Opioids	323	265	193	459
Stimulants	22	47	39	*
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	227	300	172	213
Tranquilizers	181	201	172	174
Sedatives	51	143	<1	50
Benzodiazepines	124	144	159	122
Opioids^1,3	375	276	193	470
Central Nervous System Stimulants	237	319	219	356
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	972
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	1,252	1,396	1,415	1,293
Binge Alcohol Use	640	633	575	703
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	124	251	246	278
Cigarettes	1,110	1,066	826	1,002
Daily Cigarettes	823	814	539	791
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.61B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 50 or Older with Serious Mental Illness; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	37.3	36.2	31.1^b	47.4
Marijuana	23.2^b	27.7^a	25.6^a	39.8
Cocaine	4.7	6.1	4.9	6.3
Crack	2.3	4.1	2.0	4.0
Heroin	*	1.7	*	1.9
Hallucinogens	*	2.9	3.7	9.1
LSD	*	*	1.5	0.6
PCP	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	*	*	*	1.4
Inhalants²	--	--	--	1.1
Methamphetamine	3.7	4.0	3.7	5.0
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	16.1	12.4	10.6	18.8
Pain Relievers	10.6	7.5	6.7	13.6
Prescription Opioids	10.5	7.5	6.7	13.5
Stimulants	0.7	1.3	1.4	*
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	7.4	8.5	6.0	6.3
Tranquilizers	5.9	5.7	6.0	5.1
Sedatives	1.7	4.1	<0.1	1.5
Benzodiazepines	4.0	4.1	5.5	3.6
Opioids^1,3	12.2	7.8	6.7	13.9
Central Nervous System Stimulants	7.7	9.1	7.6	10.5
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	28.7
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	40.9	39.7	49.1	38.2
Binge Alcohol Use	20.9	18.0	20.0	20.8
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	4.0	7.1	8.5	8.2
Cigarettes	36.2	30.3	28.7	29.6
Daily Cigarettes	26.8	23.1	18.7	23.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) aligns with DSM-IV criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. SMI is a subset of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These mental illness estimates are based on a predictive model and are not direct measures of diagnostic criteria. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.62A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	12,521^b	13,200	12,821^b	14,339
18-25	4,497	4,746	4,165	4,390
18-20	1,863	1,958	1,591	1,711
21-25	2,634	2,788	2,574	2,679
26 or Older	8,024^b	8,453^b	8,656^a	9,949
26-49	5,629^a	5,629^a	6,077	6,442
26-29	1,539	1,403	1,580	1,587
30-34	1,415	1,502	1,747	1,696
35-39	1,163	1,173	1,170	1,156
40-44	807^a	933	788^b	1,180
45-49	705	619	793	822
50 or Older	2,395^b	2,824	2,579^a	3,507
50-54	746	687	558	804
55-59	425	780	444	715
60-64	464	703	578	768
65 or Older	761^a	654^b	999	1,221
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.62B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	4.9^a	5.2	5.0^a	5.5
18-25	13.4	13.6	12.2	12.6
18-20	14.3	15.1	13.1	13.6
21-25	12.9	12.8	11.8	12.0
26 or Older	3.6^b	3.8^a	3.9^a	4.4
26-49	5.5	5.5	5.9	6.1
26-29	8.8	8.2	9.0	9.1
30-34	6.2	6.5	7.7	7.2
35-39	5.2	5.3	5.0	5.0
40-44	4.0	4.5	3.7^a	5.3
45-49	3.6	3.2	4.2	4.3
50 or Older	2.0^b	2.4	2.1^a	2.9
50-54	3.8	3.5	3.0	4.1
55-59	2.0^a	3.9	2.2^a	3.7
60-64	2.1	3.1	2.5	3.4
65 or Older	1.4	1.2^a	1.7	2.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.63A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3,624^b	3,753^b	3,704^b	4,639
18-25	1,737	1,714^a	1,436	1,452
18-20	846^b	788^b	604	565
21-25	892	926	832	888
26 or Older	1,886^b	2,040^b	2,268^b	3,186
26-49	1,482^a	1,372^b	1,657	1,903
26-29	296^a	383	389	488
30-34	305^a	416	554	500
35-39	334	219	291	347
40-44	307	228	222	342
45-49	240	126	200	226
50 or Older	405^b	667^b	611^b	1,284
50-54	77^a	111	257	316
55-59	84	269	86	188
60-64	146	141	134	294
65 or Older	98^b	146^b	135^b	486
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.63B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1.4^b	1.5^a	1.4^b	1.8
18-25	5.2^a	4.9^a	4.2	4.2
18-20	6.5^a	6.1^a	5.0	4.5
21-25	4.4	4.2	3.8	4.0
26 or Older	0.9^b	0.9^b	1.0^b	1.4
26-49	1.4	1.3^b	1.6	1.8
26-29	1.7^a	2.2	2.2	2.8
30-34	1.3^a	1.8	2.4	2.1
35-39	1.5	1.0	1.3	1.5
40-44	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.5
45-49	1.2	0.6^a	1.1	1.2
50 or Older	0.3^b	0.6^b	0.5^b	1.1
50-54	0.4^a	0.6	1.4	1.6
55-59	0.4	1.3	0.4	1.0
60-64	0.7	0.6	0.6	1.3
65 or Older	0.2^b	0.3^b	0.2^b	0.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.64A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,811	1,623^b	1,458^b	2,202
18-25	947^a	728	675	682
18-20	494^a	329	307	321
21-25	453	399	368	361
26 or Older	864^b	895^b	783^b	1,520
26-49	676	485^b	584	818
26-29	177	178	149	216
30-34	109^a	150	158	268
35-39	121	50^a	119	143
40-44	125	75	86	122
45-49	144	32	72	69
50 or Older	188^b	410	199^b	703
50-54	37	101	108	83
55-59	10^a	92	29	153
60-64	25	146	7	142
65 or Older	116	70^b	55^b	325
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.64B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2021-2024
Age Category	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.7	0.6^a	0.6^b	0.8
18-25	2.8^b	2.1	2.0	2.0
18-20	3.8^a	2.5	2.5	2.6
21-25	2.2	1.8	1.7	1.6
26 or Older	0.4^b	0.4^b	0.4^b	0.7
26-49	0.7	0.5^b	0.6	0.8
26-29	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.2
30-34	0.5^a	0.6	0.7	1.1
35-39	0.5	0.2^a	0.5	0.6
40-44	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.5
45-49	0.7	0.2	0.4	0.4
50 or Older	0.2^b	0.3	0.2^b	0.6
50-54	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.4
55-59	<0.1^a	0.5	0.1	0.8
60-64	0.1	0.6	<0.1	0.6
65 or Older	0.2	0.1^b	0.1^b	0.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.65A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	12,521^b	13,200	12,821^b	14,339
SEX
Male	5,572^b	6,269	5,584^b	6,978
Female	6,949	6,930	7,236	7,362
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	10,408^a	11,151	10,567^a	11,740
AIAN	133	87	52	84
Asian	379^b	520	680	751
Black or African American	1,423	1,702	1,251^b	1,748
NHPI	69	*	27	31
White	8,015	8,290	7,925	8,541
Two or More Races	390^a	471	632	584
Hispanic or Latino	2,114^a	2,049^a	2,253	2,599
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	5,079^a	5,506	5,588	6,069
Part-Time	2,204	2,584	2,203	2,200
Unemployed	1,391	962^b	1,078^a	1,457
Other¹	3,846^a	4,148	3,952	4,613
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.65B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	4.9^a	5.2	5.0^a	5.5
SEX
Male	4.5^b	5.0	4.5^b	5.5
Female	5.3	5.3	5.5	5.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.9^a	5.3	5.0^a	5.5
AIAN	8.1	7.0	4.7	7.3
Asian	2.5^b	3.4	4.2	4.4
Black or African American	4.6	5.5	4.0^b	5.5
NHPI	6.8	*	2.6	2.6
White	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.4
Two or More Races	8.5	9.3	12.0	10.7
Hispanic or Latino	4.9	4.6	5.0	5.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	4.4	4.7	4.6	5.0
Part-Time	7.3	7.9	7.0	6.8
Unemployed	10.6	8.7^a	9.4	11.3
Other¹	4.0^a	4.4	4.2	4.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.66A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3,624^b	3,753^b	3,704^b	4,639
SEX
Male	1,639^b	1,678^b	1,548^b	2,308
Female	1,985	2,075	2,156	2,330
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,881^b	3,126^a	3,101^b	3,846
AIAN	*	31	20	31
Asian	134	128	166	201
Black or African American	359^a	542	462	629
NHPI	6	2	14	10
White	2,236^a	2,276^a	2,295^a	2,781
Two or More Races	115	148	144	195
Hispanic or Latino	743	627	603	792
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	1,233^b	1,385^a	1,385	1,777
Part-Time	655	857	721	654
Unemployed	527	348	433	492
Other¹	1,209^a	1,163^b	1,164^b	1,716
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.66B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1.4^b	1.5^a	1.4^b	1.8
SEX
Male	1.3^b	1.3^a	1.2^b	1.8
Female	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1.4^b	1.5^a	1.5^a	1.8
AIAN	*	2.5	1.8	2.7
Asian	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.2
Black or African American	1.2^a	1.8	1.5	2.0
NHPI	0.6	0.1	1.4	0.9
White	1.4^a	1.4^a	1.5^a	1.8
Two or More Races	2.5	2.9	2.7	3.6
Hispanic or Latino	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.7
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	1.1^a	1.2	1.1	1.5
Part-Time	2.2	2.6	2.3	2.0
Unemployed	4.0	3.2	3.8	3.8
Other¹	1.3^a	1.2^b	1.2^a	1.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.67A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,811	1,623^b	1,458^b	2,202
SEX
Male	771	748	641^b	1,035
Female	1,040	875	818^a	1,167
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,306^a	1,377	1,184^b	1,746
AIAN	20	19	15	20
Asian	53	36	76	30
Black or African American	294	289	259	336
NHPI	8	1	10	7
White	887	956	756^b	1,252
Two or More Races	45	76	68	102
Hispanic or Latino	505	245^b	274	456
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	603	468	531	710
Part-Time	308	264	244	316
Unemployed	260	182	195	275
Other¹	639	709	488^b	901
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.67B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.7	0.6^a	0.6^b	0.8
SEX
Male	0.6	0.6	0.5^b	0.8
Female	0.8	0.7	0.6^a	0.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	0.6^a	0.6	0.6^b	0.8
AIAN	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.7
Asian	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.2
Black or African American	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.1
NHPI	0.8	0.1	1.0	0.6
White	0.6	0.6	0.5^b	0.8
Two or More Races	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.9
Hispanic or Latino	1.2	0.6^a	0.6	1.0
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full-Time	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6
Part-Time	1.0	0.8	0.8	1.0
Unemployed	2.0	1.7	1.7	2.1
Other¹	0.7	0.8	0.5^b	0.9
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Other employment includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.68A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	12,521^b	13,200	12,821^b	14,339
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1,703^b	2,087	2,344	2,392
Midwest	2,874	2,875	2,488^b	3,212
South	4,649	4,691	4,745	5,252
West	3,296	3,546	3,244	3,483
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6,293^b	6,441^b	6,369^b	7,714
Small Metro	4,173	4,828	4,818	4,884
Nonmetro	2,055	1,931	1,634	1,741
Urbanized	829	849	726	728
Less Urbanized	1,031	923	771	936
Completely Rural	195	159	136	78
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	2,782^a	2,786^a	2,506^b	3,350
100-199%	2,881	3,309	3,131	3,069
200% or More	6,855^a	7,104	7,182	7,904
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,171	1,185	1,005^a	1,438
High School Graduate	3,208^b	3,931	3,587	3,945
Some College/Associate’s Degree	5,101	4,986	4,976	5,307
College Graduate	3,041^a	3,097^a	3,254	3,649
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	6,374^b	6,988	6,995	7,689
Medicaid/CHIP	3,166^a	4,009	3,847	3,812
Other³	2,512	2,108^a	2,192^a	2,823
No Coverage	1,803	1,521	1,372^a	1,843
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.68B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	4.9^a	5.2	5.0^a	5.5
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	3.8^b	4.6	5.2	5.2
Midwest	5.5	5.4	4.7^b	6.0
South	4.8	4.8	4.8	5.2
West	5.5	5.9	5.3	5.6
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	4.6^a	4.6^a	4.5^b	5.3
Small Metro	5.4	5.9	6.0	5.8
Nonmetro	5.2	5.7	4.8	5.5
Urbanized	5.7	6.0	5.2	5.5
Less Urbanized	5.0	5.4	4.4	5.9
Completely Rural	4.7	6.2	4.9	3.0
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	7.3	7.7	6.4^b	8.2
100-199%	5.7	6.6	6.4	6.1
200% or More	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.6
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	4.1^b	4.9	4.1^a	6.0
High School Graduate	4.6^a	5.7	5.2	5.6
Some College/Associate’s Degree	6.6	6.4	6.5	6.8
College Graduate	3.9	3.6	3.8	4.1
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	4.1^a	4.5	4.5	4.8
Medicaid/CHIP	6.7^a	8.3	7.7	7.9
Other³	3.3	2.7^a	2.8^a	3.6
No Coverage	7.3	6.5	6.1^a	7.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.69A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3,624^b	3,753^b	3,704^b	4,639
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	434	434	620	592
Midwest	730^b	881	692^b	1,108
South	1,545	1,461	1,498	1,750
West	914	978	893	1,189
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	1,811^a	1,690^b	1,759^b	2,426
Small Metro	1,249^a	1,530	1,406	1,598
Nonmetro	564	534	539	615
Urbanized	211	238	199	238
Less Urbanized	273	282	289	342
Completely Rural	80	14	51	35
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	989	977	954	1,151
100-199%	966	931	942	999
200% or More	1,665^b	1,845^a	1,806^b	2,482
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	447	390	394	539
High School Graduate	1,192	1,267	1,217	1,519
Some College/Associate’s Degree	1,412	1,415	1,300^a	1,657
College Graduate	573^a	681	792	924
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	1,570^b	1,962	1,662^b	2,370
Medicaid/CHIP	1,221	1,283	1,366	1,368
Other³	627^b	521^b	612^b	1,115
No Coverage	629	407^a	478	583
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.69B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1.4^b	1.5^a	1.4^b	1.8
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.3
Midwest	1.4^b	1.7	1.3^b	2.1
South	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.7
West	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.9
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	1.3	1.2^b	1.2^a	1.7
Small Metro	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.9
Nonmetro	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.9
Urbanized	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.8
Less Urbanized	1.3	1.7	1.7	2.1
Completely Rural	1.9	0.5	1.8	1.4
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.8
100-199%	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0
200% or More	1.0^b	1.1^a	1.1^b	1.5
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1.6	1.6	1.6	2.2
High School Graduate	1.7	1.8	1.8	2.2
Some College/Associate’s Degree	1.8	1.8	1.7^a	2.1
College Graduate	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	1.0^b	1.3	1.1^b	1.5
Medicaid/CHIP	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.8
Other³	0.8^b	0.7^b	0.8^b	1.4
No Coverage	2.5	1.7	2.1	2.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

250616

Table 9.70A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,811	1,623^b	1,458^b	2,202
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	161^b	248	212^a	379
Midwest	408	419	241^b	436
South	785	650	774	896
West	457	306^a	232^b	491
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	975	711^b	635^b	1,253
Small Metro	586	621	595	630
Nonmetro	250	291	228	319
Urbanized	75	119	91	118
Less Urbanized	102	140	127	183
Completely Rural	72	*	11	18
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	426	503	489	574
100-199%	508	472	409	577
200% or More	876	648^a	558^b	1,046
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	272	244	279	327
High School Graduate	620	654	574	810
Some College/Associate’s Degree	763	561	380^a	633
College Graduate	156^b	163^b	226^a	432
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	711	641^a	496^b	996
Medicaid/CHIP	644	732	589	789
Other³	379	338^a	245^b	614
No Coverage	251	192	254	275
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.70B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	0.7	0.6^a	0.6^b	0.8
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	0.4^b	0.6	0.5^a	0.8
Midwest	0.8	0.8	0.5^a	0.8
South	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9
West	0.8	0.5	0.4^b	0.8
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	0.7	0.5^b	0.4^b	0.9
Small Metro	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8
Nonmetro	0.6	0.9	0.7	1.0
Urbanized	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.9
Less Urbanized	0.5	0.8	0.7	1.1
Completely Rural	1.7	*	0.4	0.7
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.4
100-199%	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.1
200% or More	0.5	0.4^a	0.3^b	0.6
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.4
High School Graduate	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.2
Some College/Associate’s Degree	1.0	0.7	0.5^a	0.8
College Graduate	0.2^a	0.2^b	0.3	0.5
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	0.5	0.4^a	0.3^b	0.6
Medicaid/CHIP	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.6
Other³	0.5	0.4^a	0.3^b	0.8
No Coverage	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.71A – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	5,186^b	4,823^b	4,517^b	3,840
AGE GROUP
12-13	1,130^b	1,030^b	896	767
14-15	1,754^b	1,881^b	1,682^a	1,366
16-17	2,302^b	1,911	1,939	1,706
SEX
Male	1,545^b	1,452^b	1,207	1,082
Female	3,641^b	3,371^b	3,310^b	2,758
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3,716^b	3,590^b	3,348^b	2,824
AIAN	*	29	41	17
Asian	204	230	193	172
Black or African American	479	566^b	458	364
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	2,703^b	2,605^b	2,431^b	2,048
Two or More Races	241	153^a	217	222
Hispanic or Latino	1,470^b	1,233^a	1,169	1,016
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.71B – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	20.8^b	19.5^b	18.1^b	15.4
AGE GROUP
12-13	13.5^b	13.0^b	11.9	10.1
14-15	21.3^b	21.4^b	19.1^a	16.0
16-17	27.5^b	23.8^b	22.7^b	19.3
SEX
Male	12.0^b	11.5^b	9.4	8.4
Female	30.1^b	28.0^b	27.3^b	22.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	20.0^b	19.5^b	18.2^b	15.4
AIAN	*	14.1	18.2	8.6
Asian	15.0	14.9	13.7	11.9
Black or African American	14.1^a	16.7^b	13.3	10.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	21.4^b	21.0^b	19.6^b	16.8
Two or More Races	27.9	19.1	24.4	22.2
Hispanic or Latino	23.1^b	19.5^b	18.0	15.4
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.72A – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3,773^b	3,595^b	3,358^b	2,834
AGE GROUP
12-13	788^b	718^a	618	567
14-15	1,345^b	1,419^b	1,287^b	1,000
16-17	1,639^b	1,458	1,453	1,267
SEX
Male	1,048^b	996^b	845	735
Female	2,725^b	2,599^b	2,513^b	2,099
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,740^b	2,669^b	2,491^b	2,055
AIAN	*	20	18	12
Asian	151	169	128	135
Black or African American	367^a	402^b	343	260
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1,977^b	1,970^b	1,823^b	1,483
Two or More Races	167	101^a	174	163
Hispanic or Latino	1,033^b	926	867	779
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.72B – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	15.2^b	14.6^b	13.5^b	11.3
AGE GROUP
12-13	9.5^a	9.1	8.2	7.4
14-15	16.4^b	16.2^b	14.6^a	11.7
16-17	19.6^b	18.2^b	17.0^a	14.3
SEX
Male	8.2^b	7.9^b	6.6	5.7
Female	22.6^b	21.7^b	20.8^b	17.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	14.8^b	14.5^b	13.5^b	11.2
AIAN	*	9.7	8.2	6.1
Asian	11.1	11.0	9.1	9.4
Black or African American	10.8^a	11.9^b	10.0^a	7.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	15.7^b	15.9^b	14.7^b	12.2
Two or More Races	19.2	12.7	19.6	16.4
Hispanic or Latino	16.4^b	14.7^a	13.3	11.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.73A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17 with Major Depressive Episode in Past Year; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	1,468	1,257	1,282	1,251
Marijuana	1,093	1,066	990	961
Cocaine	6	25	27	22
Crack	1	<1	*	6
Heroin	*	*	*	4
Hallucinogens	147	142	151	155
LSD	108	84	67	54
PCP	5	<1	10	*
Ecstasy	47	29	18	26
Inhalants²	--	--	--	275
Methamphetamine	14	9	17	7
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	415^b	249	278	217
Pain Relievers	241^a	143	159	122
Prescription Opioids	238^b	132	138	102
Stimulants	145^a	97	123	67
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	134	72	89	93
Tranquilizers	116	57	66	68
Sedatives	31	21	29	31
Benzodiazepines	97	56	64	49
Opioids^1,3	238^b	132	138	106
Central Nervous System Stimulants	147	123	132	84
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	554
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	705^b	560	587	478
Binge Alcohol Use	351^a	263	322	239
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	30	18	18	24
Cigarettes	179	130	112	116
Daily Cigarettes	5	3	<1	2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.73B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17 with Major Depressive Episode in Past Year; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	28.3	26.1^b	28.4^a	32.6
Marijuana	21.1	22.1	21.9	25.0
Cocaine	0.1^a	0.5	0.6	0.6
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.2
Heroin	*	*	*	0.1
Hallucinogens	2.8	3.0	3.3	4.0
LSD	2.1	1.8	1.5	1.4
PCP	0.1	<0.1	0.2	*
Ecstasy	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.7
Inhalants²	--	--	--	7.1
Methamphetamine	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	8.0	5.2	6.2	5.6
Pain Relievers	4.6	3.0	3.5	3.2
Prescription Opioids	4.6	2.7	3.1	2.7
Stimulants	2.8	2.0	2.7	1.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	2.6	1.5	2.0	2.4
Tranquilizers	2.2	1.2	1.5	1.8
Sedatives	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8
Benzodiazepines	1.9	1.2	1.4	1.3
Opioids^1,3	4.6	2.7	3.1	2.8
Central Nervous System Stimulants	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.2
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	14.4
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	13.6	11.6	13.0	12.4
Binge Alcohol Use	6.8	5.5	7.1	6.2
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.6
Cigarettes	3.4	2.7	2.5	3.0
Daily Cigarettes	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.74A – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17 with Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year; Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	1,187	1,029	1,011	982
Marijuana	859	895	791	767
Cocaine	6	13	26	21
Crack	1	<1	*	6
Heroin	*	*	*	4
Hallucinogens	121	122	143	115
LSD	86	71	62	41
PCP	5	<1	10	*
Ecstasy	44	17	18	23
Inhalants²	--	--	--	219
Methamphetamine	14	7	17	6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	372^b	193	228	173
Pain Relievers	219^a	111	137	112
Prescription Opioids	216^a	102	119	92
Stimulants	124^a	75	107^a	49
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	131	67	70	65
Tranquilizers	113^a	51	53	48
Sedatives	31	21	23	22
Benzodiazepines	94	51	53	46
Opioids^1,3	216^a	102	119	97
Central Nervous System Stimulants	126	90	116	65
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	434
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	509^a	443	448	373
Binge Alcohol Use	270	209	253	180
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	18	14	15	21
Cigarettes	141	110	90	81
Daily Cigarettes	5	2	<1	<1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.74B – Substance Use in Past Year and Past Month: Among People Aged 12 to 17 with Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year; Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance	2021	2022	2023	2024
PAST YEAR USE
Illicit Drugs¹	31.5	28.6^a	30.1	34.6
Marijuana	22.8	24.9	23.6	27.0
Cocaine	0.2	0.4	0.8	0.7
Crack	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.2
Heroin	*	*	*	0.2
Hallucinogens	3.2	3.4	4.3	4.1
LSD	2.3	2.0	1.8	1.4
PCP	0.1	<0.1	0.3	*
Ecstasy	1.2	0.5	0.5	0.8
Inhalants²	--	--	--	7.7
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.2
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	9.9^a	5.4	6.8	6.1
Pain Relievers	5.8	3.1	4.1	3.9
Prescription Opioids	5.7	2.8	3.5	3.3
Stimulants	3.3	2.1	3.2	1.7
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	3.5	1.9	2.1	2.3
Tranquilizers	3.0	1.4	1.6	1.7
Sedatives	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.8
Benzodiazepines	2.5	1.4	1.6	1.6
Opioids^1,3	5.7	2.8	3.5	3.4
Central Nervous System Stimulants	3.3	2.5	3.4	2.3
Illicit Drugs Other than Marijuana^1,2,4	--	--	--	15.3
PAST MONTH USE
Alcohol	13.5	12.3	13.4	13.2
Binge Alcohol Use	7.2	5.8	7.5	6.3
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.7
Cigarettes	3.7	3.1	2.7	2.9
Daily Cigarettes	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2024. See Chapter 3 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ³ Some 2021-2023 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates in how opioids are defined beginning in 2024. See Chapter 4 of the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.75A – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance Use Disorder/Sex	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	1,018^a	922	856	792
Male	310	285	178	247
Female	708	637	678	545
Drug Use Disorder	782	769	712	696
Male	261	241	154	217
Female	522	528	559	479
Alcohol Use Disorder	506^a	339	341	328
Male	*	96	63	76
Female	373^a	243	279	251
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	4,168^b	3,901^b	3,660^b	3,047
Male	1,235^b	1,167^b	1,029^a	834
Female	2,933^b	2,734^b	2,631^b	2,213
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.75B – Major Depressive Episode in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Sex, Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance Use Disorder/Sex	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	44.5	43.1	41.1	41.0
Male	31.5	30.1	21.9	30.0
Female	54.2	53.3	53.2	49.2
Drug Use Disorder	43.5	44.2	42.2	42.8
Male	31.8	30.6	23.9	30.7
Female	53.2	55.6	53.5	52.3
Alcohol Use Disorder	54.3	46.1	47.1	44.3
Male	*	34.8	24.7	30.9
Female	60.6	52.9	59.2	51.0
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	18.4^b	17.3^b	16.0^b	13.2
Male	10.4^b	10.0^b	8.6^a	7.0
Female	27.2^b	25.2^b	24.3^b	20.0
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.76A – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Substance Use Disorder/Sex	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	781	750	717	632
Male	199	199	144	204
Female	582^a	551^a	573^a	428
Drug Use Disorder	617	639	602	557
Male	173	180	122	181
Female	443	460	480	376
Alcohol Use Disorder	387	279	287	265
Male	*	66	51	61
Female	292	213	236	204
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	2,991^b	2,845^b	2,641^b	2,202
Male	848^b	797^b	701^a	531
Female	2,143^b	2,048^b	1,940^a	1,671
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.76B – Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Past Year Substance Use Disorder and Sex, Percentages, 2021-2024
Substance Use Disorder/Sex	2021	2022	2023	2024
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	34.3	35.2	34.5	32.8
Male	20.3	21.1	17.7	24.7
Female	44.8	46.6	45.2	38.9
Drug Use Disorder	34.3	37.0	35.8	34.4
Male	21.2	22.8	19.0	25.5
Female	45.2	49.0	46.1	41.4
Alcohol Use Disorder	41.9	38.0	39.8	35.9
Male	*	23.8	20.2	24.9
Female	47.9	46.5	50.4	41.4
NO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER	13.2^b	12.6^b	11.6^b	9.6
Male	7.2^b	6.8^b	5.8^a	4.4
Female	19.9^b	18.9^b	17.9^b	15.1
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.77A – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and MDE/Sex	2021	2022	2023	2024
Substance Use Disorder and MDE	1,018^a	922	856	792
Male	310	285	178	247
Female	708^a	637	678^a	545
Substance Use Disorder and MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2	781	750	717	632
Male	199	199	144	204
Female	582^a	551^a	573^a	428
Drug Use Disorder and MDE	782	769	712	696
Male	261	241	154	217
Female	522	528	559	479
Drug Use Disorder and MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2	617	639	602	557
Male	173	180	122	181
Female	443	460	480	376
Alcohol Use Disorder and MDE	506^a	339	341	328
Male	133	96	63	76
Female	373^a	243	279	251
Alcohol Use Disorder and MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2	387	279	287	265
Male	96	66	51	61
Female	292	213	236	204
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ² Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.77B – Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Sex, Percentages, 2021-2024
Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and MDE/Sex	2021	2022	2023	2024
Substance Use Disorder and MDE	4.1^a	3.7	3.4	3.2
Male	2.4	2.2	1.4	1.9
Female	5.9^a	5.3	5.6^a	4.5
Substance Use Disorder and MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.5
Male	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.6
Female	4.8^a	4.6^a	4.7^a	3.5
Drug Use Disorder and MDE	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.8
Male	2.0	1.9	1.2	1.7
Female	4.3	4.4	4.6	3.9
Drug Use Disorder and MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.2
Male	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.4
Female	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.1
Alcohol Use Disorder and MDE	2.0^a	1.4	1.4	1.3
Male	1.0	0.8	0.5	0.6
Female	3.1^a	2.0	2.3	2.1
Alcohol Use Disorder and MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.1
Male	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.5
Female	2.4	1.8	2.0	1.7
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM-5 criteria. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. NOTE: Major depressive episode aligns with DSM-5 criteria, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Respondents with unknown past year major depressive episode (MDE) data were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Major depressive episode (MDE) with severe impairment is a subset of MDE. Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person’s life. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 in any of the role domains indicate severe impairment. ² Respondents with unknown MDE data or unknown impairment data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.78A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3,355^b	3,427^b	3,189^b	2,613
AGE GROUP
12-13	894^b	790	641	661
14-15	1,149^a	1,389^b	1,325^b	917
16-17	1,312^a	1,248^a	1,223	1,035
SEX
Male	1,112^b	1,151^b	1,038^a	831
Female	2,244^b	2,277^b	2,151^b	1,782
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,512^b	2,596^b	2,377^b	1,972
AIAN	*	18	30	16
Asian	164	197	152	141
Black or African American	410	425^a	354	314
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	1,702^b	1,820^b	1,675^b	1,347
Two or More Races	156	127	162	146
Hispanic or Latino	843^a	832^a	812	641
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.78B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	12.9^b	13.4^b	12.3^b	10.1
AGE GROUP
12-13	10.1^a	9.4	8.1	8.2
14-15	13.5^b	15.4^b	14.5^b	10.4
16-17	15.3^b	15.3^b	13.9^a	11.5
SEX
Male	8.4^b	8.8^b	7.9^a	6.3
Female	17.7^b	18.2^b	17.0^b	14.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	13.0^b	13.7^b	12.5^b	10.4
AIAN	*	8.2	12.8	7.6
Asian	11.4	12.3	10.5	9.3
Black or African American	11.7	12.2^a	9.9	8.8
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	13.0^a	14.2^b	13.1^b	10.7
Two or More Races	17.5	15.2	17.5	14.0
Hispanic or Latino	12.7^a	12.6^b	12.0^a	9.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.79A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,604^b	1,666^b	1,457^b	1,186
AGE GROUP
12-13	472^a	436	265	327
14-15	558^b	664^b	656^b	385
16-17	575	567	536	474
SEX
Male	470	461	377	356
Female	1,134^b	1,206^b	1,080^b	830
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,119^a	1,291^b	1,046	923
AIAN	*	*	10	12
Asian	71	80	85	56
Black or African American	191	262	184	175
NHPI	*	*	*	<1
White	764^a	874^b	684	601
Two or More Races	39^a	57	77	78
Hispanic or Latino	486^b	375	411^a	264
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.79B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	6.2^b	6.5^b	5.6^b	4.6
AGE GROUP
12-13	5.3	5.2	3.3	4.0
14-15	6.6^b	7.4^b	7.2^b	4.4
16-17	6.7	6.9^a	6.1	5.3
SEX
Male	3.6	3.5	2.9	2.7
Female	8.9^b	9.6^b	8.6^b	6.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.8	6.8^b	5.5	4.9
AIAN	*	*	4.2	5.8
Asian	4.9	5.0	5.8	3.7
Black or African American	5.4	7.5^a	5.1	4.9
NHPI	*	*	*	<0.1
White	5.8	6.8^b	5.3	4.8
Two or More Races	4.4	6.8	8.3	7.5
Hispanic or Latino	7.3^b	5.7^a	6.1^a	3.8
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.80A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	940^b	953^b	856^a	700
AGE GROUP
12-13	315^a	256	185	210
14-15	326^a	397^b	385^b	219
16-17	299	300	286	271
SEX
Male	316	295	207	220
Female	623^a	658^b	649^b	480
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	646	703^a	631	529
AIAN	*	5	9	9
Asian	44	41	44	27
Black or African American	141	164	137	121
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	403	437	395	333
Two or More Races	26	48	40	38
Hispanic or Latino	294^a	250	225	171
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.80B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Demographic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3.6^b	3.7^b	3.3^a	2.7
AGE GROUP
12-13	3.6	3.0	2.3	2.6
14-15	3.8^a	4.4^b	4.2^b	2.5
16-17	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.0
SEX
Male	2.4	2.3	1.6	1.7
Female	4.9^a	5.3^b	5.1^b	3.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	3.4	3.7^a	3.3	2.8
AIAN	*	2.3	3.8	4.4
Asian	3.0	2.6	3.0	1.8
Black or African American	4.0	4.7	3.8	3.4
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	3.1	3.4	3.1	2.6
Two or More Races	2.9	5.8	4.3	3.7
Hispanic or Latino	4.4^a	3.8	3.3	2.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.81A – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3,355^b	3,427^b	3,189^b	2,613
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	456	459	436	430
Midwest	891^b	667^b	768^b	500
South	1,184	1,351^b	1,323^b	1,009
West	824	950^b	663	675
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	1,670^a	1,971^b	1,773^b	1,367
Small Metro	1,076	1,130^a	980	905
Nonmetro	609^b	326	437	341
Urbanized	291^b	152	165	130
Less Urbanized	260	141	243	179
Completely Rural	57	*	*	32
POVERTY LEVEL
Less Than 100%	658^a	555	562	482
100-199%	746^b	797^b	676^a	493
200% or More	1,952^a	2,076^b	1,952^a	1,638
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	1,765	1,979^b	1,853^a	1,527
Medicaid/CHIP	1,372^a	1,376^a	1,259	1,089
Other²	247^b	204^a	191	123
No Coverage	183^a	98	99	86
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.81B – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	12.9^b	13.4^b	12.3^b	10.1
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	11.1	11.3	10.8	10.5
Midwest	16.3^b	12.4^b	14.2^b	9.2
South	11.7	13.4^b	12.9^b	9.8
West	13.2	15.6^b	10.8	11.0
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	11.9^b	13.3^b	12.5^b	9.3
Small Metro	13.5^a	14.3^b	11.9	10.8
Nonmetro	15.3^a	11.2	12.9	11.8
Urbanized	19.3^b	12.3	13.5	11.5
Less Urbanized	12.6	10.1	13.1	11.8
Completely Rural	14.5	*	*	13.6
POVERTY LEVEL
Less Than 100%	12.0^b	10.6	9.9	8.8
100-199%	13.3^b	13.9^b	12.7^b	9.3
200% or More	13.1^b	14.2^b	13.2^b	10.9
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	12.8^b	14.1^b	13.3^b	10.4
Medicaid/CHIP	12.7^a	13.0^a	11.6	10.5
Other²	17.8^b	13.6^a	13.7	8.9
No Coverage	13.8^a	9.7	8.0	7.2
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.82A – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	1,604^b	1,666^b	1,457^b	1,186
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	212	203	206	165
Midwest	426^b	356^b	364^b	243
South	596^a	638^b	570	447
West	370	469	316	331
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	698	943^b	784^b	567
Small Metro	606^a	539	466	443
Nonmetro	300^a	185	207	176
Urbanized	155^b	78	82	44
Less Urbanized	122	81	104	121
Completely Rural	22	*	*	11
POVERTY LEVEL
Less Than 100%	349^a	325	301	236
100-199%	341	397^a	323	261
200% or More	914^a	943^b	833	689
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	858^a	895^b	849^a	665
Medicaid/CHIP	658	724^b	642	530
Other²	91	116	49	74
No Coverage	103^a	32	48	39
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.82B – Made Any Suicide Plans in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	6.2^b	6.5^b	5.6^b	4.6
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	5.1	5.0	5.1	4.0
Midwest	7.8^b	6.6^b	6.7^b	4.5
South	5.9^a	6.3^b	5.6	4.3
West	5.9	7.7^a	5.2	5.4
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	5.0^a	6.4^b	5.5^b	3.9
Small Metro	7.6^a	6.8^a	5.7	5.3
Nonmetro	7.6	6.3	6.1	6.1
Urbanized	10.3^b	6.3	6.7	3.9
Less Urbanized	5.9	5.8	5.6	8.0
Completely Rural	5.7	*	*	4.6
POVERTY LEVEL
Less Than 100%	6.4^a	6.2^a	5.3	4.3
100-199%	6.1	6.9^a	6.1	4.9
200% or More	6.2^b	6.5^b	5.6^a	4.6
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	6.2^b	6.4^b	6.1^b	4.5
Medicaid/CHIP	6.1	6.8^a	5.9	5.1
Other²	6.6	7.7	3.5	5.3
No Coverage	7.8^a	3.2	3.8	3.3
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.83A – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	940^b	953^b	856^a	700
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	111	114	132	100
Midwest	238^a	195	220	150
South	389	353	336	296
West	201	292^b	168	154
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	417	510^b	421	332
Small Metro	343	340	314	255
Nonmetro	180	103	121	113
Urbanized	97^a	46	36	31
Less Urbanized	70	41	70	77
Completely Rural	13	*	*	5
POVERTY LEVEL
Less Than 100%	242	211	200	185
100-199%	212	272^a	214	166
200% or More	486^a	470^a	441	350
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	482^a	388	450	343
Medicaid/CHIP	420	533^a	408	382
Other²	49	62	32	43
No Coverage	63	22	21	30
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.

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Table 9.83B – Attempted Suicide in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 to 17; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2021-2024
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	2021	2022	2023	2024
TOTAL	3.6^b	3.7^b	3.3^a	2.7
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Northeast	2.7	2.8	3.3	2.5
Midwest	4.4^a	3.6	4.1	2.8
South	3.9	3.5	3.3	2.9
West	3.2	4.8^b	2.7	2.5
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	3.0	3.5^b	3.0	2.3
Small Metro	4.3	4.3^a	3.8	3.0
Nonmetro	4.5	3.5	3.6	3.9
Urbanized	6.4	3.7	2.9	2.7
Less Urbanized	3.4	2.9	3.7	5.1
Completely Rural	3.3	*	*	2.0
POVERTY LEVEL
Less Than 100%	4.4	4.0	3.5	3.4
100-199%	3.8	4.7	4.0	3.1
200% or More	3.3^a	3.2^a	3.0	2.3
HEALTH INSURANCE¹
Private	3.5^a	2.8	3.2^a	2.3
Medicaid/CHIP	3.9	5.0^a	3.7	3.7
Other²	3.5	4.2	2.3	3.1
No Coverage	4.8	2.2	1.7	2.5
* = low precision; -- = not available or not comparable due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Estimates for 2021 may differ from previously published estimates because the 2021 analysis weights were updated to facilitate between-year comparisons. See the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: For youth suicidality measures, responses of “Yes,” “No,” “Not Sure,” “Don’t Know,“ ”Don’t Want to Answer,” and “Refuse” are categorized as valid, known data. Respondents with unknown suicidality data for other categories were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2024 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military-related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2024.