‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates in this table are aggregates of estimated numbers across all states. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates in this table are aggregates of estimated numbers across all states. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Design‐based estimates are given in this table. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Design‐based estimates are given in this table. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: The Northeast region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months, X₂ is the number of people who never used marijuana, and (0.5 × X₁ + X₂) denotes the at‑risk population. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‑weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‑Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Not receiving substance use treatment among those needing treatment (%) = 100 × [X₁ ÷ (X₁ + X₂)], where X₁ is the number of people not receiving treatment who needed treatment, X₂ is the number of people receiving treatment who needed treatment, and (X₁ + X₂) denotes the number of people who needed treatment. Estimates are based on simultaneous modeling of X₁ and X₂ components using the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach.

¹¹ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹² Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹³ Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹⁴ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Illicit drug use includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana includes the misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics or the use of cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine. Illicit drug use other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs.

³ Prescription opioids are a type of prescription psychotherapeutic. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutics is defined as use in any way not directed by a doctor, including use without a prescription of one’s own; use in greater amounts, more often, or longer than told; or use in any other way not directed by a doctor. Prescription psychotherapeutics do not include over‐the‐counter drugs.

⁴ These estimates of marijuana use include marijuana vaping.

⁵ First use of marijuana in the past year among those at risk for initiation = X₁ ÷ 2, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months. The age group shown is based on a respondent’s age at the time of the interview, not their age at first use. For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁶ Estimates for youths aged 12 to 17 are not available for past year heroin use because this outcome was extremely rare among youths aged 12 to 17 in the 2023 and 2024 NSDUHs. As a result, estimates for people aged 12 or older are also not produced.

⁷ Respondents were classified as misusing opioids in the past year if they reported using heroin or misusing prescription opioids in the past year. Does not include illegally made fentanyl.

⁸ Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks (for males) or four or more drinks (for females) on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.

⁹ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

¹⁰ Tobacco products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or snus), cigars, or pipe tobacco. These estimates of tobacco product use do not include nicotine vaping.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.

‑‑ = not available.

NOTE: Estimates are based on the survey‐weighted hierarchical Bayes small area estimation approach. For confidence intervals, see Tables 1 to 41 in 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Model‐Based Estimated Totals (in Thousands) (50 States and the District of Columbia) on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

NOTE: Estimated numbers appearing as 0 in this table mean that the estimate is greater than 0 but less than 500 because estimated numbers are shown in thousands.

¹ Most of the estimates in this table are based on pooled 2023‑2024 NSDUH data. For a few outcomes, estimates are based on data from only the 2024 NSDUH because there were no comparable data in 2023 for those measures. The “Year” column indicates what years were used for each measure.

² Substance use disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‑5), criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. See the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions report on the NSDUH Data Collection web page for details on who was eligible to receive questions on SUD.

³ Drug use includes the use of marijuana (including vaping), cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or methamphetamine in the past year or any use (i.e., not necessarily misuse) of prescription pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives in the past year.

⁴ Underage use is defined for people aged 12 to 20; therefore, the “12+” estimate reflects the 12 to 20 age group and not people aged 12 or older.

⁵ Opioid use disorder is defined as meeting the criteria for heroin or prescription opioid use disorder.

⁶ Substance use treatment includes treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medications for alcohol or opioid use disorder; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used alcohol or drugs in their lifetime.

⁷ The substance use treatment measures have added uncertainty because of the high proportion of respondents in the “substance unspecified” category for substance use treatment.

⁸ For details, see Section B of 2023‑2024 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology on the NSDUH Data Collection web page.

⁹ Respondents were classified as needing substance use treatment if they met DSM‑5 criteria for a drug or alcohol use disorder or received treatment for drug or alcohol use through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; medication‐assisted treatment; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. Substance use treatment questions are asked of respondents who used drugs or alcohol in their lifetime.

¹⁰ Mental illness aligns with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria and is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder. Estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) are a subset of estimates of any mental illness (AMI) because SMI is limited to people with AMI that resulted in serious functional impairment. These estimates are based on indicators of AMI and SMI rather than direct measures of diagnostic criteria.

¹¹ Mental health treatment includes treatment for mental health, emotions, or behavior through inpatient treatment/counseling; outpatient treatment/counseling; use of prescription medication; telehealth treatment; or treatment received in a prison, jail, or juvenile detention center. In general, adolescent and adult estimates are reported separately for mental health measures; thus, 12 or older estimates were not produced.

¹² Major depressive episode (MDE) is based on the DSM‑5 definition, which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

¹³ The adult and youth suicide questions are in different sections of the questionnaire and have different response options. Because of this, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older.

Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2023 and 2024.