Section 8 PE - Results from the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ

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Table 8.1A – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Drug	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 21+ (2024)	Aged 21+ (2025)
Marijuana	15,570	14,301	349	300	15,221	14,001	3,307	3,134	11,913	10,867	1,101	1,065	14,469	13,236
Cocaine (Including Crack)	376	458	1	1	375	457	86	74	288	383	10	13	365	445
Heroin	23	41	*	*	23	41	*	*	23	41	*	*	23	41
Hallucinogens	183	144	4	6	179	138	39	11	140	128	6	7	177	137
Inhalants	52	66	4	*	48	66	6	21	42	45	4	*	48	66
Methamphetamine	278	348	*	*	278	348	4	4	274	344	*	<1	278	347
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.1B – Select Illicit Drugs Used with Alcohol or within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use on Most Recent Use of Alcohol in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Drug	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 21+ (2024)	Aged 21+ (2025)
Marijuana	11.7	11.2	21.0	20.9	11.5	11.0	20.2	19.0	10.3	9.8	22.0	20.2	11.2	10.8
Cocaine (Including Crack)	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4
Heroin	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1	*	*	<0.1	<0.1
Hallucinogens	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	<0.1	0.1	0.2	*	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	*	<0.1	0.1
Methamphetamine	0.2	0.3	*	*	0.2	0.3	<0.1	<0.1	0.2	0.3	*	<0.1	0.2	0.3
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Estimates are based on nonimputed responses to multiple questions; therefore, respondents with unknown responses to the questions about other select illicit drugs used with alcohol were excluded. Respondents could indicate using more than one of the select illicit drugs with alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.2A – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	37,780	36,107	22,922^a	20,928	60.7	58.0
12‑20	1,172	1,349	375	437	32.0	32.4
21 or Older	36,608	34,757	22,547^a	20,491	61.6	59.0
12‑17	320	340	111	114	34.7	33.6
12‑13	36	24	10	10	*	*
14‑15	99	86	41	41	*	*
16‑17	185	231	60	62	*	27.1
18 or Older	37,460	35,766	22,811^a	20,814	60.9	58.2
18‑25	3,353	3,522	1,228	1,163	36.6	33.0
18‑20	851	1,009	264	323	31.0	32.0
21‑25	2,501	2,512	965	840	38.6	33.4
26 or Older	34,107	32,245	21,582^a	19,651	63.3	60.9
26‑49	17,358	16,367	10,281	9,542	59.2	58.3
26‑29	2,208	2,077	1,022	786	46.3	37.9
30‑34	3,378	3,116	1,855	1,591	54.9	51.1
35‑39	4,185	3,819	2,569	2,262	61.4	59.2
40‑44	3,986	3,456	2,632	2,275	66.0	65.8
45‑49	3,601	3,900	2,202	2,628	61.2	67.4
50 or Older	16,750	15,877	11,302	10,109	67.5	63.7
50‑54	3,518	3,047	2,485	2,067	70.6	67.8
55‑59	3,505	3,288	2,373	2,159	67.7	65.7
60‑64	4,064	3,982	2,847	2,434	70.0	61.1
65 or Older	5,662	5,560	3,597	3,449	63.5	62.0
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.2B – Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Age Category	Cigarette Use in Past Month		Nicotine Dependence in Past Month		Percentage with Nicotine Dependence among Past Month Cigarette Smokers
Age Category	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	13.1	12.4	8.0^a	7.2	60.7	58.0
12‑20	3.0	3.4	1.0	1.1	32.0	32.4
21 or Older	14.7	13.8	9.0^a	8.2	61.6	59.0
12‑17	1.2	1.3	0.4	0.4	34.7	33.6
12‑13	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1	*	*
14‑15	1.1	1.0	0.5	0.5	*	*
16‑17	2.1	2.6	0.7	0.7	*	27.1
18 or Older	14.3	13.5	8.7^a	7.9	60.9	58.2
18‑25	9.6	9.8	3.5	3.2	36.6	33.0
18‑20	6.8	7.3	2.1	2.3	31.0	32.0
21‑25	11.2	11.3	4.3	3.8	38.6	33.4
26 or Older	15.0	14.1	9.5^a	8.6	63.3	60.9
26‑49	16.4	15.5	9.7	9.1	59.2	58.3
26‑29	12.6	12.0	5.8	4.6	46.3	37.9
30‑34	14.4	13.3	7.9	6.8	54.9	51.1
35‑39	18.1	17.0	11.1	10.0	61.4	59.2
40‑44	17.8	15.8	11.7	10.4	66.0	65.8
45‑49	18.7	19.3	11.4	13.0	61.2	67.4
50 or Older	13.8	12.8	9.3	8.2	67.5	63.7
50‑54	17.9	16.9	12.6	11.4	70.6	67.8
55‑59	18.0	16.8	12.2	11.0	67.7	65.7
60‑64	18.1	17.5	12.6	10.7	70.0	61.1
65 or Older	9.5	8.8	6.0	5.5	63.5	62.0
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.3A – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 21+ (2024)	Aged 21+ (2025)
TOTAL	22,922^a	20,928	111	114	22,811^a	20,814	1,228	1,163	21,582^a	19,651	375	437	22,547^a	20,491
SEX
Male	12,340	11,753	42	54	12,299	11,699	707	667	11,592	11,032	181	263	12,159	11,491
Female	10,582^a	9,174	70	60	10,512^a	9,114	522	496	9,990^a	8,619	194	175	10,388^a	9,000
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	20,711^a	18,893	89	101	20,623^a	18,793	990	1,007	19,632^a	17,785	309	387	20,402^a	18,507
AIAN	231	255	2	<1	229	255	*	5	215	250	12	2	220	253
Asian	495	590	*	*	495	590	16	51	479	539	<1	8	495	583
Black or African American	2,743	2,562	4	13	2,738	2,549	106	102	2,632	2,446	21	34	2,722	2,528
NHPI	64	64	*	*	64	64	*	*	59	61	<1	*	64	64
White	16,457^a	14,528	78	74	16,379^a	14,454	813	780	15,566^a	13,674	264	321	16,193^a	14,207
Two or More Races	721	894	4	14	717	880	37	66	680	814	12	23	709	871
Hispanic or Latino	2,211	2,035	22	14	2,188	2,021	238	156	1,950	1,865	65	51	2,145	1,984
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	3,867	4,317	252	257	3,615	4,061	da	da	3,776	4,216
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	9,861^a	8,466	560	495	9,301^a	7,971	da	da	9,745^a	8,331
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	6,895^a	5,847	332	333	6,563^a	5,514	da	da	6,837^a	5,761
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	2,188	2,183	84	78	2,104	2,105	da	da	2,188	2,183
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	da	da	da	da	8,396	7,484	453	498	7,943	6,987	da	da	8,310	7,362
Part‑Time	da	da	da	da	1,951	2,075	198	191	1,753	1,884	da	da	1,898	2,032
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	1,892	2,040	198	233	1,694	1,807	da	da	1,847	1,958
Other¹	da	da	da	da	10,572^a	9,214	380^a	242	10,193	8,972	da	da	10,492^a	9,138
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.3B – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 21+ (2024)	Aged 21+ (2025)
TOTAL	8.0^a	7.2	0.4	0.4	8.7^a	7.9	3.5	3.2	9.5^a	8.6	1.0	1.1	9.0^a	8.2
SEX
Male	8.8	8.4	0.3	0.4	9.6	9.2	4.0	3.7	10.5	10.1	0.9	1.3	10.0	9.5
Female	7.2^b	6.1	0.5	0.5	7.8^b	6.6	3.0	2.8	8.5^b	7.2	1.0	0.9	8.1^b	6.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8.9^a	8.1	0.5	0.5	9.6^a	8.7	3.8	3.8	10.4^a	9.4	1.1	1.4	9.9^a	9.0
AIAN	16.9	13.8	1.0	0.1	19.8	16.1	*	2.3	21.5	18.2	4.3	0.6	20.0	17.3
Asian	2.7	3.1	*	*	2.9	3.3	0.7	2.0	3.3	3.6	<0.1	0.3	3.1	3.5
Black or African American	7.8	7.4	0.1	0.4	8.6	8.2	2.3	2.2	9.7	9.3	0.4	0.6	9.1	8.6
NHPI	5.2	6.0	*	*	5.5	6.5	*	*	5.8	6.8	0.3	*	5.8	6.6
White	9.6^a	8.7	0.6	0.6	10.4^a	9.3	4.6	4.5	11.1^a	9.9	1.4	1.8	10.7^a	9.5
Two or More Races	11.1	9.4	0.4	1.0	13.2	10.8	3.2	3.9	15.8	12.7	0.8	1.1	14.1	11.8
Hispanic or Latino	4.0	3.6	0.3	0.2	4.6	4.1	2.7^a	1.6	5.0	4.6	0.6	0.5	4.8	4.3
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	da	da	da	da	16.1	17.7	7.1	6.9	17.6	19.6	da	da	17.3	19.2
High School Graduate	da	da	da	da	14.0^b	11.9	4.6	3.9	16.0^a	13.7	da	da	15.0^b	12.9
Some College/Associate’s Degree	da	da	da	da	8.9^a	7.6	2.5	2.5	10.2^a	8.6	da	da	9.4^a	8.0
College Graduate	da	da	da	da	2.4	2.4	1.4	1.3	2.5	2.4	da	da	2.4	2.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	da	da	da	da	6.9	6.3	3.2	3.6	7.4	6.7	da	da	7.0	6.4
Part‑Time	da	da	da	da	6.0	5.9	2.2	2.0	7.4	7.5	da	da	6.7	6.7
Unemployed	da	da	da	da	14.7	14.9	5.4	5.7	18.4	18.8	da	da	16.3	16.5
Other¹	da	da	da	da	11.0^b	9.4	4.5^b	2.8	11.7^a	10.0	da	da	11.4^a	9.7
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.4A – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 21+ (2024)	Aged 21+ (2025)
TOTAL	22,922^a	20,928	111	114	22,811^a	20,814	1,228	1,163	21,582^a	19,651	375	437	22,547^a	20,491
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	3,727	3,479	5	7	3,723	3,472	223	153	3,500	3,319	43	38	3,684	3,442
New England	1,015	1,021	2	7	1,013	1,015	75	57	938	957	25	16	990	1,005
Middle Atlantic	2,713	2,458	2	<1	2,710	2,458	148	96	2,562	2,362	18	21	2,694	2,437
Midwest	6,211	5,383	35	25	6,176	5,358	303	246	5,873	5,112	113	105	6,097	5,278
East North Central	4,297	3,667	22	9	4,276	3,658	221	164	4,055	3,495	64	55	4,233	3,612
West North Central	1,913	1,715	13	16	1,900	1,700	82	82	1,818	1,617	49	50	1,864	1,665
South	9,067	8,296	53	64	9,014	8,232	476	460	8,538	7,772	147	199	8,921	8,097
South Atlantic	4,214	4,210	15	26	4,199	4,184	232	202	3,968	3,982	46	69	4,169	4,140
East South Central	1,946	1,537	8	16	1,939	1,521	53	86	1,886	1,434	19	43	1,927	1,494
West South Central	2,907	2,549	31	22	2,876	2,528	192	172	2,684	2,356	82	86	2,825	2,463
West	3,916	3,770	18	19	3,898	3,751	226	304	3,672	3,447	71	96	3,845	3,674
Mountain	1,599	1,385	10	10	1,589	1,375	123	89	1,465	1,286	45	35	1,554	1,350
Pacific	2,318	2,385	8	9	2,309	2,376	103^a	215	2,206	2,161	26	62	2,291	2,323
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	10,253	9,770	51	36	10,202	9,734	555	557	9,647	9,177	143	185	10,110	9,585
Small Metro	8,258	7,409	40	43	8,218	7,365	403	380	7,815	6,986	149	160	8,108	7,248
Nonmetro	4,412	3,749	20	35	4,391	3,714	271	226	4,121	3,488	83	92	4,329	3,657
Urbanized	1,621	1,335	4	8	1,617	1,327	111	103	1,506	1,224	22	38	1,599	1,297
Less Urbanized	1,685	1,636	7	15	1,678	1,620	92	79	1,585	1,541	26	27	1,659	1,608
Completely Rural	1,105	779	9	*	1,097	767	68	44	1,029	723	34	27	1,071	752
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	6,729	6,801	24	43	6,705	6,758	362	391	6,344	6,366	104	147	6,625	6,653
100‑199%	6,231	5,914	27	30	6,204	5,884	351	400	5,854	5,484	89	141	6,142	5,773
200% or More	9,960^b	8,209	60	41	9,900^b	8,168	515^a	367	9,385^b	7,801	180	145	9,780^b	8,064
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	9,034^b	7,404	51	34	8,983^b	7,370	527	500	8,457^b	6,870	150	188	8,885^b	7,215
Medicaid/CHIP	8,442	8,024	58	80	8,383	7,944	442	383	7,942	7,561	157	178	8,285	7,846
Other³	6,357	6,095	3	2	6,354	6,092	58	79	6,296	6,014	17	15	6,339	6,080
No Coverage	2,929	3,236	3	3	2,926	3,234	260	246	2,667	2,987	56	73	2,873	3,164
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Because the 2023 Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes were used to create the county type variables, the 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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Table 8.4B – Nicotine Dependence in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 21+ (2024)	Aged 21+ (2025)
TOTAL	8.0^a	7.2	0.4	0.4	8.7^a	7.9	3.5	3.2	9.5^a	8.6	1.0	1.1	9.0^a	8.2
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	7.5	6.9	0.1	0.2	8.2	7.5	3.8	2.5	8.8	8.3	0.7	0.6	8.4	7.8
New England	7.6	7.6	0.2	0.7	8.2	8.2	4.6	3.5	8.8	8.9	1.5	1.0	8.4	8.5
Middle Atlantic	7.5	6.7	0.1	<0.1	8.1	7.3	3.5	2.2	8.8	8.1	0.4	0.5	8.4	7.6
Midwest	10.5^a	9.1	0.6	0.5	11.5^a	9.9	4.2	3.3	12.7	11.0	1.4	1.3	12.0^a	10.3
East North Central	10.6	9.0	0.6	0.2	11.6	9.9	4.5	3.2	12.7	10.9	1.2	1.0	12.1	10.3
West North Central	10.4	9.2	0.7	0.9	11.4	10.1	3.5	3.4	12.7	11.2	1.9	1.8	11.8	10.5
South	8.1	7.4	0.5	0.6	8.9	8.0	3.5	3.3	9.7	8.8	1.0	1.3	9.3	8.3
South Atlantic	7.1	7.0	0.3	0.5	7.8	7.6	3.4	2.9	8.4	8.4	0.6	0.9	8.1	8.0
East South Central	11.6	9.1	0.5	1.1	12.8	9.9	2.6	4.0	14.4^a	10.8	0.8	1.9	13.3	10.2
West South Central	8.2	7.1	0.8	0.6	9.0	7.8	4.1	3.5	9.8	8.5	1.5	1.6	9.3	8.0
West	5.8	5.5	0.3	0.3	6.3	6.0	2.7	3.6	6.8	6.4	0.8	1.0	6.5	6.2
Mountain	7.2	6.2	0.5	0.5	7.9	6.8	4.4	3.1	8.5	7.4	1.5	1.1	8.1	7.0
Pacific	5.0	5.2	0.2	0.2	5.5	5.6	1.9	3.9	6.1	5.9	0.4	1.0	5.7	5.8
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	6.2	5.9	0.3	0.2	6.8	6.4	2.9	2.7	7.3	7.0	0.7	0.8	7.0	6.7
Small Metro	9.3^a	8.1	0.5	0.5	10.2^a	8.9	3.5	3.3	11.3^a	9.8	1.2	1.3	10.6^a	9.3
Nonmetro	13.2	11.2	0.7	1.3	14.3^a	12.0	6.4	5.9	15.6^a	12.9	1.8	2.1	15.0^a	12.5
Urbanized	12.1	11.0	0.4	0.8	13.1	11.9	5.5	7.0	14.6	12.6	1.2	2.4	13.9	12.3
Less Urbanized	14.2	12.0	0.7	1.3	15.5	12.9	6.8	5.0	16.7	14.1	1.7	1.5	16.1	13.5
Completely Rural	13.4	10.0	1.2	*	14.6	10.7	8.1	5.4	15.4	11.4	3.2	2.8	14.9	11.0
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	14.5	13.9	0.4	0.8	16.4	15.7	4.3	4.0	19.5	19.1	1.2	1.5	17.6	17.2
100‑199%	11.2^a	9.7	0.5	0.5	12.3^a	10.7	4.1	4.7	14.0^a	11.7	1.1	1.6	13.0^a	11.1
200% or More	5.4^a	4.5	0.4	0.3	5.8^a	4.9	2.9^a	2.1	6.1^a	5.2	0.8	0.7	5.9^a	5.0
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	5.1^b	4.3	0.3	0.2	5.6^b	4.7	2.7	2.4	6.0^a	5.0	0.7	0.9	5.7^b	4.8
Medicaid/CHIP	14.3	13.1	0.6	0.8	17.3	15.7	4.9	4.1	20.1	18.3	1.1	1.2	18.6	17.0
Other³	8.0	7.3	0.2	0.2	8.2	7.4	2.1	2.9	8.4	7.6	0.7	0.6	8.3	7.5
No Coverage	11.6	13.0	0.2	0.2	12.2	13.6	5.2	5.0	14.1	15.8	1.9	2.6	12.9	14.3
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Because the 2023 Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes were used to create the county type variables, the 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.5A – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	3,239	3,049	127	148	3,112	2,902	385^a	239	2,727	2,662
Prescription from One Doctor	2,998	2,838	113	130	2,885	2,708	340	214	2,545	2,494
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	147	140	5	12	141	127	23	13	119	114
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	94	72	9	5	85	67	22	12	64	54
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	3,130	2,589	142	174	2,989^a	2,415	368	350	2,621^a	2,065
From Friend or Relative for Free	2,320^a	1,839	87	127	2,232^a	1,712	292	248	1,941^a	1,464
Bought from Friend or Relative	511	563	21	*	489	531	40	70	449	461
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	300	187	33	15	267	172	36	32	231	140
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	563	534	*	19	553	515	110	78	443	437
SOME OTHER WAY¹	475	425	45	32	430	393	46	26	384	366
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.5B – Source Where Prescription Pain Relievers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Pain Relievers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	43.7	46.2	39.2	39.7	43.9	46.6	42.4	34.5	44.2	48.1
Prescription from One Doctor	40.5	43.0	34.9	35.0	40.7	43.5	37.5	30.8	41.2	45.1
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.0	2.1	1.7	3.4	2.0	2.0	2.5	1.9	1.9	2.1
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	1.3	1.1	2.7	1.4	1.2	1.1	2.4	1.8	1.0	1.0
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	42.3	39.2	43.7	46.8	42.2	38.8	40.5	50.4	42.4	37.3
From Friend or Relative for Free	31.3	27.9	27.0	34.1	31.5	27.5	32.1	35.7	31.4	26.5
Bought from Friend or Relative	6.9	8.5	6.6	*	6.9	8.5	4.4	10.1	7.3	8.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	4.0	2.8	10.2	4.0	3.8	2.8	3.9	4.6	3.7	2.5
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	7.6	8.1	*	5.0	7.8	8.3	12.1	11.2	7.2	7.9
SOME OTHER WAY¹	6.4	6.4	13.8	8.5	6.1	6.3	5.1	3.8	6.2	6.6
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.6A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,959^b	1,407	*	*	1,910^b	1,359	241	*	1,669^a	1,183
Prescription from One Doctor	1,925^b	1,352	*	*	1,888^b	1,330	238	*	1,650^a	1,168
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	18	41	*	*	10	27	*	*	9	16
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	16	14	*	*	12	2	*	2	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	178	228	*	*	176	188	23	*	153	169
From Friend or Relative for Free	132	183	1	*	131	159	15	*	116	142
Bought from Friend or Relative	30	26	*	*	29	21	*	*	20	19
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	17	19	*	*	17	*	<1	*	17	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	34	58	*	*	27	44	*	*	14	27
SOME OTHER WAY¹	48	57	*	*	39	52	*	*	33	32
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.6B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Pain Relievers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Pain Relievers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Pain Relievers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	88.3^a	80.4	*	*	88.7	82.8	84.9	*	89.3	83.8
Prescription from One Doctor	86.7^a	77.3	*	*	87.7	81.0	83.6	*	88.3	82.7
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.8	2.4	*	*	0.4	1.7	*	*	0.5	1.1
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.7	0.8	*	*	0.6	0.1	*	0.8	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	8.0	13.0	*	*	8.2	11.4	8.2	*	8.2	12.0
From Friend or Relative for Free	5.9	10.5	1.4	*	6.1	9.7	5.3	*	6.2	10.1
Bought from Friend or Relative	1.3	1.5	*	*	1.3	1.3	*	*	1.1	1.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.8	1.1	*	*	0.8	*	<0.1	*	0.9	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	1.5	3.3	*	*	1.3	2.7	*	*	0.7	1.9
SOME OTHER WAY¹	2.2	3.2	*	*	1.8	3.2	*	*	1.8	2.3
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.7A – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	873	915	*	*	772	846	159	202	613	644
Prescription from One Doctor	812	787	*	*	731	732	137	158	594	575
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	56	101	*	*	38	86	19	22	19	65
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	6	28	2	*	3	27	*	22	<1	4
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2,587	2,604	*	*	2,520	2,502	698	662	1,822	1,840
From Friend or Relative for Free	1,970	1,901	*	*	1,926	1,821	529	533	1,397	1,288
Bought from Friend or Relative	493	561	*	13	479	548	149	111	331	437
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	124	142	9	9	115	133	21	18	95	115
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	169	217	*	*	157	203	64	78	92	125
SOME OTHER WAY¹	117	77	*	*	109	71	24	4	85	67
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.7B – Source Where Prescription Stimulants Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Stimulants Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	23.3	24.0	*	*	21.7	23.3	16.8	21.3	23.5	24.1
Prescription from One Doctor	21.7	20.6	*	*	20.5	20.2	14.5	16.7	22.7	21.5
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	1.5	2.6	*	*	1.1	2.4	2.0	2.3	0.7	2.4
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.1	0.7	1.2	*	0.1	0.7	*	2.4	<0.1	0.2
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	69.1	68.3	*	*	70.8	69.1	73.8	70.0	69.8	68.8
From Friend or Relative for Free	52.6	49.9	*	*	54.1	50.3	55.9	56.3	53.5	48.1
Bought from Friend or Relative	13.2	14.7	*	6.8	13.5	15.1	15.7	11.8	12.7	16.3
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.3	3.7	4.7	4.8	3.2	3.7	2.2	1.9	3.6	4.3
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	4.5	5.7	*	*	4.4	5.6	6.8	8.2	3.5	4.7
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.1	2.0	*	*	3.1	2.0	2.5	0.4	3.3	2.5
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.8A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,693	1,512	*	*	1,654	1,446	421	426	1,234	1,021
Prescription from One Doctor	1,647	1,475	*	*	1,611	1,411	406	401	1,205	1,010
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	45	37	*	*	44	35	*	*	*	10
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	2	<1	*	*	*	<1	*	<1	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	138	216	*	*	136	216	50	65	86	152
From Friend or Relative for Free	70	172	*	*	69	172	23	43	*	129
Bought from Friend or Relative	68	39	*	*	67	39	*	22	41	18
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	5	*	*	*	5	*	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	40	22	*	*	39	22	18	*	21	13
SOME OTHER WAY¹	19	18	*	*	18	18	*	*	7	18
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.8B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Stimulants: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Stimulants from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Stimulants	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	89.6	85.5	*	*	89.5	84.9	84.1	85.2	91.5	84.8
Prescription from One Doctor	87.1	83.4	*	*	87.2	82.9	81.2	80.3	89.4	83.9
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	2.4	2.1	*	*	2.4	2.1	*	*	*	0.9
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.1	<0.1	*	*	*	<0.1	*	<0.1	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	7.3	12.2	*	*	7.4	12.7	10.0	12.9	6.4	12.6
From Friend or Relative for Free	3.7^a	9.7	*	*	3.7^a	10.1	4.7	8.6	*	10.7
Bought from Friend or Relative	3.6	2.2	*	*	3.6	2.3	*	4.3	3.0	1.5
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	*	0.3	*	*	*	0.3	*	*	*	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	2.1	1.3	*	*	2.1	1.3	3.6	*	1.6	1.1
SOME OTHER WAY¹	1.0	1.0	*	*	1.0	1.1	*	*	0.5	1.5
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.9A – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,220	1,020	*	*	1,192	1,003	113	110	1,079	892
Prescription from One Doctor	1,171	973	*	*	1,146	956	99	81	1,048	875
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	29	19	2	*	28	19	14	*	14	10
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	19	27	1	*	18	27	1	*	17	7
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	1,928	1,875	*	*	1,879	1,806	295	276	1,584	1,530
From Friend or Relative for Free	1,468	1,362	*	*	1,435	1,316	230	225	1,205	1,092
Bought from Friend or Relative	325	353	*	*	315	348	48	43	267	305
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	135	160	*	*	128	141	17	8	112	133
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	314	361	*	*	289	352	77	*	212	263
SOME OTHER WAY¹	185	245	*	*	177	225	11	19	166	206
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.9B – Source Where Prescription Tranquilizers Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Tranquilizers Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	33.4	29.1	*	*	33.7	29.6	22.9	22.3	35.5	30.9
Prescription from One Doctor	32.1	27.8	*	*	32.4	28.2	19.9	16.4	34.4	30.3
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	0.8	0.5	1.6	*	0.8	0.6	2.8	*	0.5	0.3
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.5	0.8	0.8	*	0.5	0.8	0.2	*	0.6	0.3
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	52.9	53.6	*	*	53.1	53.3	59.4	55.7	52.1	52.9
From Friend or Relative for Free	40.3	38.9	*	*	40.6	38.9	46.4	45.4	39.6	37.8
Bought from Friend or Relative	8.9	10.1	*	*	8.9	10.3	9.6	8.8	8.8	10.6
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	3.7	4.6	*	*	3.6	4.2	3.4	1.6	3.7	4.6
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	8.6	10.3	*	*	8.2	10.4	15.5	*	7.0	9.1
SOME OTHER WAY¹	5.1	7.0	*	*	5.0	6.6	2.3	3.8	5.4	7.1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.10A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	1,089	1,065	*	*	1,072	1,051	*	*	907	882
Prescription from One Doctor	1,069	1,041	*	*	1,051	1,027	*	*	895	874
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	19	24	*	*	19	24	*	*	12	7
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	2	*	*	*	2	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	175	157	*	*	170	145	*	*	148	98
From Friend or Relative for Free	44	94	*	*	42	88	7	*	34	55
Bought from Friend or Relative	129	54	*	*	128	52	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	2	8	*	*	<1	5	<1	*	*	2
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	40	22	*	*	34	18	*	*	3	17
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	57	*	*	*	57	*	5	*	*
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.10B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Tranquilizers: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Tranquilizers from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Tranquilizers	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	80.8	81.8	*	*	81.2	82.7	*	*	82.3	84.1
Prescription from One Doctor	79.2	79.9	*	*	79.6	80.7	*	*	81.2	83.4
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	1.4	1.9	*	*	1.4	1.9	*	*	1.1	0.7
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	12.9	12.1	*	*	12.9	11.4	*	*	13.5	9.3
From Friend or Relative for Free	3.2	7.2	*	*	3.1	6.9	3.2	*	3.1	5.3
Bought from Friend or Relative	9.5	4.2	*	*	9.7	4.1	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.2	0.7	*	*	<0.1	0.4	0.1	*	*	0.2
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	2.9	1.7	*	*	2.6	1.4	*	*	0.3	1.6
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	4.4	*	*	*	4.5	*	2.1	*	*
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.11A – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	9	*	*	*	8	*	*	*	7	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	38	*	*	*	38	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	48	13	*	*	30	9	*	*	29	2
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	19	25	*	*	19	18	*	*	11	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	30	31	*	*	24	30	*	*	24	24
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.11B – Source Where Prescription Sedatives Were Obtained for Most Recent Misuse: Among Past Year Misusers of Prescription Sedatives Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source for Most Recent Misuse among Past Year Misusers of Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	1.0	*	*	*	0.9	*	*	*	1.0	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	4.5	*	*	*	4.6	*	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	5.6	1.3	*	*	3.7	0.9	*	*	3.8	0.3
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	2.3	2.6	*	*	2.3	2.0	*	*	1.5	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	3.5	3.2	*	*	3.0	3.2	*	*	3.2	2.9
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.12A – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	316	*	*	*	313	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	316	*	*	*	313	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	3	*	*	*	1	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	9	*	*	*	9	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	5	*	*	*	5	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	1	*	*	*	1	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	1	*	*	*	1	*	*	*	<1	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.12B – Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Prescription Sedatives: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older Who Obtained Most Recently Misused Prescription Sedatives from a Friend or Relative for Free in Past Year; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source Where Friend or Relative Obtained Sedatives	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
GOT THROUGH PRESCRIPTION(S) OR STOLE FROM A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER	97.3	*	*	*	97.3	*	*	*	*	*
Prescription from One Doctor	97.3	*	*	*	97.3	*	*	*	*	*
Prescriptions from More Than One Doctor	*	0.7	*	*	*	0.4	*	*	*	*
Stole from Doctor’s Office, Clinic, Hospital, or Pharmacy	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GOT FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE	2.7	*	*	*	2.7	*	*	*	*	*
From Friend or Relative for Free	1.4	*	*	*	1.4	*	*	*	*	*
Bought from Friend or Relative	*	0.1	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	*
Took from Friend or Relative without Asking	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*	*	*	<0.1	*
BOUGHT FROM DRUG DEALER OR OTHER STRANGER	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
SOME OTHER WAY¹	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked to choose only one source. Respondents with unknown data for source for most recent misuse and respondents with unknown or invalid responses to the corresponding write‑in questions were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes write‑in responses not already listed in this table or responses with insufficient information that could allow them to be placed in another category. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.13A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2025)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2025)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2025)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2025)
Relieve Physical Pain	5,369	4,685	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Relax or Relieve Tension	576	403	‑‑	‑‑	1,299	1,453	135	*
Help with Sleep	230	250	‑‑	‑‑	888	935	598	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	176	304	‑‑	‑‑	706	558	41	29
Experiment or See What It’s Like	159	92	213	150	77	51	1	6
Feel Good or Get High	695	513	513	420	331	326	41	23
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	100	56	40	63	128	51	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	236	299	10	19	22	4	<1	6
Help Lose Weight	‑‑	‑‑	198	206	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Concentrate	‑‑	‑‑	1,399	1,347	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	‑‑	‑‑	1,044	994	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Study	‑‑	‑‑	282	365	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Some Other Reason	120	78	111^b	266	202	138	*	9
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “‑‑” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write‑in responses, were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.13B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 12 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2025)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2025)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2025)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2025)
Relieve Physical Pain	70.1	70.1	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Relax or Relieve Tension	7.5	6.0	‑‑	‑‑	35.6	41.3	15.5	*
Help with Sleep	3.0	3.7	‑‑	‑‑	24.3	26.6	69.0	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	2.3^a	4.5	‑‑	‑‑	19.3	15.9	4.8	3.2
Experiment or See What It’s Like	2.1	1.4	5.6	3.9	2.1	1.4	0.2	0.7
Feel Good or Get High	9.1	7.7	13.5	11.0	9.0	9.3	4.7	2.5
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	1.3	0.8	1.0	1.6	3.5	1.4	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	3.1	4.5	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.1	<0.1	0.6
Help Lose Weight	‑‑	‑‑	5.2	5.4	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Concentrate	‑‑	‑‑	36.7	35.2	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	‑‑	‑‑	27.4	26.0	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Study	‑‑	‑‑	7.4	9.5	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Some Other Reason	1.6	1.2	2.9^b	6.9	5.5	3.9	*	0.9
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “‑‑” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write‑in responses, were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.14A – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2025)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2025)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2025)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2025)
Relieve Physical Pain	5,113	4,494	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Relax or Relieve Tension	559	388	‑‑	‑‑	1,274	1,427	133	*
Help with Sleep	216	223	‑‑	‑‑	867	917	*	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	161	245	‑‑	‑‑	683	535	32	26
Experiment or See What It’s Like	137	58	194	130	67	42	1	6
Feel Good or Get High	653	475	487	390	295	309	29	19
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	99	55	39	49	128	51	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	235	298	9	19	22	4	*	6
Help Lose Weight	‑‑	‑‑	173	202	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Concentrate	‑‑	‑‑	1,330	1,296	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	‑‑	‑‑	1,027	976	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Study	‑‑	‑‑	261	351	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Some Other Reason	102	66	102^a	229	193	116	*	*
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “‑‑” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write‑in responses, were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.14B – Main Reasons for Last Episode of Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics: Among Past Year Misusers Aged 18 or Older of Each Type of Prescription Psychotherapeutic; Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Main Reason for Last Episode of Misuse	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2024)	Past Year Pain Reliever Misuse (2025)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2024)	Past Year Stimulant Misuse (2025)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2024)	Past Year Tranquilizer Misuse (2025)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2024)	Past Year Sedative Misuse (2025)
Relieve Physical Pain	70.3	71.3	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Relax or Relieve Tension	7.7	6.2	‑‑	‑‑	36.1	42.0	16.3	*
Help with Sleep	3.0	3.5	‑‑	‑‑	24.6	27.0	*	*
Help with Feelings or Emotion	2.2	3.9	‑‑	‑‑	19.4	15.7	4.0	3.0
Experiment or See What It’s Like	1.9	0.9	5.3	3.6	1.9	1.2	0.2	0.7
Feel Good or Get High	9.0	7.5	13.4	10.7	8.4	9.1	3.5	2.2
Increase or Decrease Effect of Other Drug	1.4	0.9	1.1	1.4	3.6	1.5	*	*
Because I Am Hooked or Have to Have It	3.2	4.7	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.1	*	0.7
Help Lose Weight	‑‑	‑‑	4.8	5.5	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Concentrate	‑‑	‑‑	36.7	35.6	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Be Alert or Stay Awake	‑‑	‑‑	28.4	26.8	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Help Study	‑‑	‑‑	7.2	9.6	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Some Other Reason	1.4	1.0	2.8^a	6.3	5.5	3.4	*	*
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Only a subset of reasons for misuse apply for each prescription psychotherapeutic. Inapplicable reasons are marked as “‑‑” (i.e., not available). Respondents who wrote in an inapplicable reason as their “other reason” (e.g., pain relief as the reason for tranquilizer misuse) were retained in the “some other reason” category. NOTE: Respondents with unknown information for their reason for misuse, including respondents who reported some other reason but had unknown data in their write‑in responses, were excluded from the analysis. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.15A – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 12‑14 (2024)	Aged 12‑14 (2025)	Aged 15‑17 (2024)	Aged 15‑17 (2025)	Aged 18‑20 (2024)	Aged 18‑20 (2025)	Male (2024)	Male (2025)	Female (2024)	Female (2025)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	615	605	*	41	207	196	344	368	368	393	247	212
Drank with One Other Person	974	922	29	*	263^a	163	683	699	411	441	563	481
Drank with More than One Person	3,419	3,744	*	*	940	856	2,346	2,759	1,631	1,879	1,788	1,865
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	171	213	*	*	78	69	80	131	83	113	89	99
Home	2,278	2,296	*	*	561	471	1,610	1,713	1,101	1,271	1,177	1,025
Someone Else’s Home	1,990	2,211	*	*	600	620	1,315	1,509	968	1,094	1,022	1,117
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	224	295	*	*	98	91	111	190	111	117	114	178
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	392^b	737	*	3	48	22	338^b	713	119^b	330	273	407
Concert or Sports Game	142	146	<1	*	42	30	100	116	57	87	84	59
School	69	53	7	*	13	7	49	40	25	12	43	41
Some Other Place³	242	198	17	*	85	60	141	119	146	111	96	87
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	96	89	3	*	24	26	69	47	67	57	28	32
Outside (Location not Specified)	18	20	*	*	6	4	7	13	13	12	5	8
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	17	25	*	*	15	3	2	22	11	6	6	19
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	18	6	*	*	10	1	6	4	7	4	11	2
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	22	3	<1	*	15	*	7	3	12	2	10	1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write‑in responses. Invalid write‑in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.15B – Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Social Context and Location of Most Recent Alcohol Use	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 12‑14 (2024)	Aged 12‑14 (2025)	Aged 15‑17 (2024)	Aged 15‑17 (2025)	Aged 18‑20 (2024)	Aged 18‑20 (2025)	Male (2024)	Male (2025)	Female (2024)	Female (2025)
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE¹
Drank Alone	12.3	11.5	*	17.9	14.7	16.1	10.2	9.6	15.3	14.5	9.5	8.3
Drank with One Other Person	19.5	17.5	12.7	*	18.6	13.4	20.2	18.3	17.1	16.3	21.7	18.8
Drank with More than One Person	68.3	71.0	*	*	66.7	70.5	69.6	72.1	67.7	69.2	68.8	72.9
LOCATION OF MOST RECENT UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE^1,2
Car or Other Vehicle	3.5	4.1	*	*	5.6	5.7	2.4	3.4	3.5	4.2	3.4	3.9
Home	46.1	43.8	*	*	40.5	39.2	48.4	44.9	46.7	47.0	45.5	40.3
Someone Else’s Home	40.2	42.1	*	*	43.3	51.6	39.5	39.5	41.0	40.4	39.5	44.0
Park, Beach, or Parking Lot	4.5	5.6	*	*	7.1	7.6	3.3	5.0	4.7	4.3	4.4	7.0
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	7.9^b	14.1	*	1.1	3.4	1.8	10.2^b	18.7	5.0^b	12.2	10.5^a	16.0
Concert or Sports Game	2.9	2.8	<0.1	*	3.0	2.5	3.0	3.0	2.4	3.2	3.3	2.3
School	1.4	1.0	2.9	*	0.9	0.6	1.5	1.1	1.1	0.4	1.7	1.6
Some Other Place³	5.0	3.8	7.4	*	6.3	5.1	4.3	3.2	6.3	4.2	3.8	3.5
Party, Wedding, or Celebration	2.0	1.7	1.3	*	1.8	2.3	2.1	1.3	2.9	2.1	1.1	1.3
Outside (Location not Specified)	0.4	0.4	*	*	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.3
Hotel, Motel, or Resort	0.4	0.5	*	*	1.1	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.7
Camping, Hunting, or Fishing	0.4	0.1	*	*	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.1
Cabin, Cottage, Vacation Home, etc.	0.5	0.1	<0.1	*	1.1	*	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.4	<0.1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could indicate multiple locations for the most recent time they used alcohol; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Respondents could specify other locations for “some other place.” The “other” locations listed are frequently among the most common write‑in responses. Invalid write‑in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.16A – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 12‑14 (2024)	Aged 12‑14 (2025)	Aged 15‑17 (2024)	Aged 15‑17 (2025)	Aged 18‑20 (2024)	Aged 18‑20 (2025)	Male (2024)	Male (2025)	Female (2024)	Female (2025)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	1,356	1,608	*	*	207	256	1,118	1,335	766	972	590	636
Purchased It Himself or Herself	595^a	805	*	*	60	101	510^a	689	342^a	495	253	310
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	521^a	704	*	*	38	63	464	632	306	412	216	292
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	365	376	*	1	35	54	311	321	236	257	128	120
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	134^b	295	*	*	3	8	131^b	288	55^a	144	80	152
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	17	19	*	*	<1	1	17	10	12	1	5	19
From Another Person	73	90	6	*	22	29	45	56	36	74	37	16
From Person under Age 21	33	22	*	*	17	6	12	15	16	20	17	2
From Person Aged 21 or Older	40	65	*	*	5	23	33	37	20	51	20	14
Purchased by Someone Else	743	798	6	*	143	155	595	642	412	473	331	325
Parent or Guardian	47	50	*	*	2	4	45	47	27	37	20	13
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	102	125	*	*	11	18	86	107	65	67	36	58
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	467	475	<1	*	85	83	382	390	254	272	213	203
Someone under Age 21	97	127	<1	*	43	46	54	81	45	96	52	32
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	3,619	3,656	*	*	1,206^a	962	2,209	2,487	1,615	1,741	2,004	1,915
Got It from Parent or Guardian	575	506	51	*	179	172	346	294	249	250	326	256
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	592	583	19	*	160^a	81	414	467	229	289	363	294
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	998	1,094	*	6	163	167	802	921	436	502	562	592
Got It from Someone under Age 21	498	645	17	25	274	274	206^a	346	219	329	278	316
Took It from Own Home	367	328	*	*	164	100	148	194	207	136	160	193
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	61	89	*	*	33	24	27	51	27	33	34	56
Got It Some Other Way²	296^a	198	17	*	138	79	141	113	131	102	165	95
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	123^a	59	12	*	57	19	54	36	48	31	74	28
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write‑in response. Invalid write‑in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.16B – Source Where Alcohol Was Obtained for Most Recent Use in Past Month: Among Past Month Alcohol Users Aged 12 to 20; by Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Source of Most Recent Alcohol Use in the Past Month	Aged 12‑20 (2024)	Aged 12‑20 (2025)	Aged 12‑14 (2024)	Aged 12‑14 (2025)	Aged 15‑17 (2024)	Aged 15‑17 (2025)	Aged 18‑20 (2024)	Aged 18‑20 (2025)	Male (2024)	Male (2025)	Female (2024)	Female (2025)
UNDERAGE DRINKER PAID¹	27.3	30.5	*	*	14.6	21.0	33.6	34.9	32.2	35.8	22.7	24.9
Purchased It Himself or Herself	12.0^a	15.3	*	*	4.3	8.3	15.4	18.0	14.4	18.3	9.8	12.2
From Store, Restaurant, Bar, Club, or Event	10.5	13.4	*	*	2.7	5.2	14.0	16.5	12.9	15.2	8.3	11.5
Liquor, Convenience, or Grocery Store	7.4	7.2	*	0.5	2.4	4.5	9.4	8.5	10.0	9.5	5.0	4.7
Restaurant, Bar, or Club	2.7^b	5.6	*	*	0.2	0.6	4.0^b	7.6	2.3^a	5.3	3.1^a	6.0
Concert, Sports, or Other Event	0.4	0.4	*	*	<0.1	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.5	<0.1	0.2	0.7
From Another Person	1.5	1.7	2.6	*	1.6	2.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	2.8	1.4	0.6
From Person under Age 21	0.7	0.4	*	*	1.2	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.1
From Person Aged 21 or Older	0.8	1.2	*	*	0.4	1.9	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.9	0.8	0.6
Purchased by Someone Else	15.0	15.2	2.3	*	10.1	12.7	18.0	16.8	17.4	17.5	12.8	12.7
Parent or Guardian	1.0	1.0	*	*	0.1	0.3	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.8	0.5
Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	2.1	2.4	*	*	0.8	1.5	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.5	1.4	2.3
Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	9.5	9.1	0.2	*	6.0	6.9	11.6	10.2	10.8	10.1	8.3	8.0
Someone under Age 21	2.0	2.4	0.1	*	3.0	3.8	1.6	2.1	1.9	3.5	2.0	1.2
UNDERAGE DRINKER DID NOT PAY¹	72.7	69.5	*	*	85.4	79.0	66.4	65.1	67.8	64.2	77.3	75.1
Got It from Parent or Guardian	12.1	10.0	22.9	*	13.6	14.9	10.8	7.9	11.0	9.6	13.2	10.5
Got It from Another Family Member Aged 21 or Older	12.5	11.5	8.4	*	12.1^a	7.0	12.9	12.6	10.1	11.1	14.7	12.1
Got It from Someone Not Related Aged 21 or Older	21.0	21.7	*	3.4	12.4	14.5	25.0	24.7	19.2	19.2	22.7	24.3
Got It from Someone under Age 21	10.5	12.8	7.8	13.9	20.8	23.7	6.4	9.3	9.7	12.6	11.2	13.0
Took It from Own Home	7.7	6.5	*	*	12.4	8.7	4.6	5.2	9.1	5.2	6.5	7.9
Took It from Someone Else’s Home	1.3	1.8	*	*	2.5	2.1	0.8	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	2.3
Got It Some Other Way²	6.2^a	3.9	7.4	*	10.5	6.9	4.4	3.0	5.8	3.9	6.7	3.9
From Friend or Acquaintance, Unspecified Age and Method	2.6^a	1.2	5.3	*	4.4	1.7	1.7	1.0	2.1	1.2	3.0	1.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown responses were excluded from the respective analyses. ² Respondents could specify other sources for “some other way.” The source listed is the most common write‑in response. Invalid write‑in responses were excluded from this analysis. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.17A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	163,322	158,104	‑‑	5,021	155,980	153,082	19,948	19,354	136,033	133,728
Illicit Drugs	149,927	145,476	‑‑	4,149	143,653	141,327	18,697	18,125	124,955	123,202
Illegally Made Fentanyl	1,911	1,615	56	41	1,855	1,574	176	138	1,680	1,436
Other Substances
GHB	1,712	1,558	8	14	1,704	1,544	38	63	1,666	1,481
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	11,394	10,254	426	338	10,968	9,916	1,168^a	939	9,800	8,976
Kratom	5,381	5,385	102	60	5,279	5,325	800	632	4,479	4,692
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	7,576	7,179	193	199	7,383	6,980	630	573	6,753	6,407
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	897	752	63	35	834	717	94	46	740	671
CBD	92,901	92,635	3,268^b	2,455	89,633	90,180	12,845	12,516	76,787	77,664
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.17B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Lifetime: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	56.7^b	54.4	‑‑	19.7	59.5^b	57.8	57.1^b	53.6	59.8^a	58.4
Illicit Drugs	52.0^b	50.1	‑‑	16.3	54.8^a	53.3	53.5^b	50.2	55.0	53.8
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.6
Other Substances
GHB	0.6	0.5	<0.1	0.1	0.6	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.7	0.6
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	4.0^a	3.5	1.6	1.3	4.2^a	3.7	3.3^a	2.6	4.3	3.9
Kratom	1.9	1.9	0.4	0.2	2.0	2.0	2.3	1.8	2.0	2.0
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	2.6	2.5	0.7	0.8	2.8	2.6	1.8	1.6	3.0	2.8
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3
CBD	32.2	31.9	12.6^b	9.6	34.2	34.0	36.8^a	34.7	33.8	33.9
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.18A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	89,289^a	84,435	‑‑	3,427	84,521	81,008	14,470	14,014	70,051	66,995
Illicit Drugs	73,637^a	69,791	‑‑	2,851	69,720	66,940	13,299	13,094	56,421	53,846
Illegally Made Fentanyl	668	768	38	34	630	734	99	57	531	676
Other Substances
GHB	268	261	1	5	267	256	10	14	256	242
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	2,334	2,427	196	145	2,138	2,283	306	202	1,832	2,080
Kratom	1,851	1,907	65	41	1,786	1,866	293	202	1,493	1,664
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	889	790	144	111	745	679	195	190	550	489
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	222	158	53	33	169	125	54^a	13	116	111
CBD	49,138	46,485	2,357^b	1,521	46,781	44,964	7,531	7,373	39,250	37,591
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.18B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	31.0^b	29.1	‑‑	13.5	32.2^b	30.6	41.4^a	38.8	30.8^a	29.3
Illicit Drugs	25.5^b	24.0	‑‑	11.2	26.6^a	25.3	38.1	36.3	24.8^a	23.5
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other Substances
GHB	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.9^a	0.6	0.8	0.9
Kratom	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.7
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.2
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.2^a	<0.1	0.1	<0.1
CBD	17.0^b	16.0	9.1^b	6.0	17.8^a	17.0	21.5	20.4	17.3	16.4
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.19A – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	57,823	55,448	2,447^b	1,850	55,376	53,598	9,573	9,305	45,802	44,293
Illicit Drugs	48,224	47,546	1,950^b	1,482	46,273	46,064	8,884	8,808	37,390	37,257
Illegally Made Fentanyl	418	403	23	17	395	385	63^a	7	332	379
Other Substances
GHB	161	133	1	*	160	133	2	10	159	123
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	814	651	68^b	21	746	630	69	45	677	585
Kratom	911	991	33	22	878	969	105	94	773	875
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	403	325	72^a	33	332	291	113	48	219	243
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	139	93	30	9	109	84	35	4	73	80
CBD	27,323	26,212	1,225^b	875	26,098	25,337	4,123	4,146	21,975	21,191
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.19B – Illicit Drug, Illegally Made Fentanyl, or Other Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Age Group, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 12+ (2024)	Aged 12+ (2025)	Aged 12‑17 (2024)	Aged 12‑17 (2025)	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS, ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES	20.1^a	19.1	9.4^b	7.3	21.1	20.2	27.4	25.8	20.1	19.3
Illicit Drugs	16.7	16.4	7.5^b	5.8	17.6	17.4	25.4	24.4	16.4	16.3
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2^a	<0.1	0.1	0.2
Other Substances
GHB	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonprescription Cough or Cold Medicine	0.3	0.2	0.3^b	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3
Kratom	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Synthetic Marijuana (Fake Weed, K2, Spice)	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3^a	0.1	0.1	0.1
Synthetic Stimulants (“Bath Salts,” Flakka)	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
CBD	9.5	9.0	4.7^b	3.4	9.9	9.6	11.8	11.5	9.7	9.3
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.20A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Females Aged 15‑50¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
ILLICIT DRUGS²	15,393	15,136	111	159	15,057	14,677
Marijuana	14,246	14,065	105	127	13,928	13,685
Cocaine	386^a	604	2	*	377^a	577
Crack	49^a	147	1	*	48^a	146
Heroin	66	62	*	*	62	62
Hallucinogens	834	967	6	*	820	934
LSD	56	51	3	*	53	49
Psilocybin	477	571	2	*	470	541
Ecstasy	134	205	1	*	133	202
Inhalants³	‑‑	197	‑‑	*	‑‑	189
Methamphetamine	341	493	2	3	330	477
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1,420	1,310	12	20	1,391	1,259
Pain Relievers	662	639	12	14	642	613
Prescription Opioids	599	600	12	14	578	574
Stimulants	497	595	1	11	488	582
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	470	415	2	5	464	392
Tranquilizers	385	344	2	5	380	328
Sedatives	94	127	1	5	92	116
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	651	641	12	14	626	615
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	1,142	1,430	3	13	1,119	1,374
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	2,809	‑‑	42	‑‑	2,692
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	17,560	17,545	230	195	17,022	16,984
Tobacco Products	10,152	10,094	141	90	9,816	9,759
Cigarettes	8,706	8,765	127	68	8,424	8,477
Daily Cigarettes	4,827^a	4,208	73	34	4,694^a	4,042
Smokeless Tobacco	529^a	748	15	13	497^a	719
Cigars	1,939	1,647	28	20	1,869	1,585
Pipe Tobacco	224	211	8	3	206	198
Nicotine Vaping	11,382	11,456	129	134	11,054	11,097
ALCOHOL	37,860	36,784	98	181	37,220	36,151
Binge Alcohol Use	17,960	17,392	27^a	75	17,631	17,022
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	3,657	3,725	10	27	3,554	3,646
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	673	665	12	14	649	637
Illegally Made Fentanyl	93	123	2	*	91	121
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.20B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Females Aged 15‑50¹		PREGNANCY STATUS
	Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
ILLICIT DRUGS²	19.4	18.9	5.4	8.4	19.8	19.1
Marijuana	18.0	17.6	5.1	6.7	18.3	17.8
Cocaine	0.5^a	0.8	0.1	*	0.5^a	0.7
Crack	0.1^a	0.2	<0.1	*	0.1^a	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.1	*	*	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.1	1.2	0.3	*	1.1	1.2
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	0.1	0.1
Psilocybin	0.6	0.7	0.1	*	0.6	0.7
Ecstasy	0.2	0.3	<0.1	*	0.2	0.3
Inhalants³	‑‑	0.2	‑‑	*	‑‑	0.2
Methamphetamine	0.4	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.8	1.6	0.6	1.1	1.8	1.6
Pain Relievers	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8
Prescription Opioids	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.7
Stimulants	0.6	0.7	<0.1	0.6	0.6	0.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4
Sedatives	0.1	0.2	<0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.4	1.8	0.2	0.7	1.5	1.8
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	3.5	‑‑	2.2	‑‑	3.5
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	22.2	22.0	11.2	10.3	22.4	22.1
Tobacco Products	12.8	12.6	6.9	4.7	12.9	12.7
Cigarettes	11.0	11.0	6.2	3.6	11.1	11.0
Daily Cigarettes	6.1^a	5.3	3.5	1.8	6.2^a	5.2
Smokeless Tobacco	0.7^a	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7^a	0.9
Cigars	2.4	2.1	1.4	1.0	2.5	2.1
Pipe Tobacco	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3
Nicotine Vaping	14.4	14.3	6.3	7.0	14.5	14.4
ALCOHOL	47.8^a	46.0	4.8	9.6	48.9^a	46.9
Binge Alcohol Use	22.7	21.8	1.3^a	4.0	23.2	22.1
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	4.6	4.7	0.5	1.4	4.7	4.7
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.8
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.1	0.2	0.1	*	0.1	0.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.21A – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE¹
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	15,393	15,136	111	159	15,057	14,677	14,246	14,065	105	127	13,928	13,685	651	641	12	14	626	615
AGE GROUP
15‑17	822^b	526	*	*	813^b	521	709^b	479	*	*	699^b	475	49	24	*	*	45	24
18‑25	4,354	4,156	53	51	4,228	4,049	4,093	3,926	47	49	3,976	3,829	138^a	51	5	*	130^a	49
26‑50	10,217	10,454	49	105	10,016	10,108	9,444	9,659	48	75	9,253	9,382	464	567	3	14	452	542
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12,933	12,255	99	142	12,665	11,848	12,018	11,386	97	112	11,764	11,051	459	417	11	5	437	401
AIAN	104	105	*	*	99	100	103	98	*	*	98	95	1	1	*	*	1	1
Asian	486	370	*	*	474	362	465	307	*	*	453	299	10	*	*	*	10	*
Black or African American	2,166	1,898	26	31	2,119	1,800	2,054	1,818	26	31	2,006	1,731	76	50	*	*	68	50
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	9,489	8,917	51	98	9,307	8,646	8,769	8,262	49	69	8,600	8,051	312	294	7	*	300	278
Two or More Races	643^a	899	*	*	622^a	875	583^a	835	*	*	563^a	810	60	72	*	*	58	72
Hispanic or Latino	2,460	2,880	12	17	2,391	2,829	2,228	2,679	8	*	2,164	2,634	192	225	2	*	190	215
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	3,496	3,539	63	64	3,378	3,407	3,229	3,204	61	59	3,116	3,091	259	196	*	*	246	187
100‑199%	3,023	3,306	14	43	2,976	3,180	2,764	3,166	13	37	2,719	3,059	162	242	1	*	161	226
200% or More	8,870	8,249	35	52	8,698	8,049	8,248	7,653	31	31	8,088	7,494	230	203	5	*	220	202
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	8,518	8,320	30	42	8,344	8,143	7,936	7,761	30	17	7,769	7,621	217	208	<1	*	213	208
Medicaid/CHIP	4,910	4,829	76	98	4,787	4,655	4,496	4,399	70	91	4,381	4,246	350	331	12	*	330	312
Other⁵	1,149	1,131	*	*	1,121	1,103	1,066	1,043	*	*	1,039	1,019	66	87	*	*	66	82
No Coverage	1,652	1,623	*	*	1,628	1,535	1,525	1,533	*	*	1,504	1,466	60	94	*	*	60	86
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.21B – Illicit Drug Use, Marijuana Use, and Opioid Misuse in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE¹						PAST MONTH MARIJUANA USE						PAST MONTH OPIOID MISUSE¹
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	19.4	18.9	5.4	8.4	19.8	19.1	18.0	17.6	5.1	6.7	18.3	17.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8
AGE GROUP
15‑17	12.3^b	8.1	*	*	12.2^b	8.1	10.6^b	7.4	*	*	10.5^b	7.4	0.7	0.4	*	*	0.7	0.4
18‑25	25.0	23.2	10.9	9.4	25.3	23.5	23.5	21.9	9.8	9.0	23.8	22.2	0.8^b	0.3	1.0	*	0.8^a	0.3
26‑50	18.6	18.8	3.2^a	7.8	19.0	18.9	17.2	17.4	3.1	5.6	17.5	17.6	0.8	1.0	0.2	1.1	0.9	1.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	21.1	20.0	6.4	9.7	21.5	20.1	19.6	18.6	6.3	7.7	19.9	18.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.7	0.7
AIAN	25.7	21.6	*	*	25.8	21.5	25.5	20.2	*	*	25.6	20.4	0.3	0.2	*	*	0.3	0.2
Asian	8.2	5.8	*	*	8.3	5.9	7.9^a	4.9	*	*	7.9^a	4.9	0.2	*	*	*	0.2	*
Black or African American	20.2	17.9	9.6	11.8	20.5	17.7	19.1	17.1	9.6	11.8	19.4	17.0	0.7	0.5	*	*	0.7	0.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
White	22.7	22.1	4.9	9.7	23.2	22.2	21.0	20.4	4.7	6.8	21.4	20.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	*	0.7	0.7
Two or More Races	30.9	30.2	*	*	31.4	30.5	27.9	28.0	*	*	28.4	28.2	2.9	2.4	*	*	2.9	2.5
Hispanic or Latino	13.8	15.4	2.4	3.8	14.0	15.7	12.5	14.3	1.5	*	12.6	14.6	1.1	1.2	0.3	*	1.1	1.2
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	21.8	21.1	14.3	14.9	22.0	21.1	20.1	19.1	13.8	13.8	20.3	19.2	1.6	1.2	*	*	1.6	1.2
100‑199%	18.7	19.3	3.7^a	14.0	19.0	19.2	17.1	18.4	3.4^a	11.8	17.4	18.5	1.0	1.4	0.1	*	1.0	1.4
200% or More	18.9	18.0	2.8	4.5	19.3	18.2	17.6	16.7	2.5	2.7	18.0	17.0	0.5	0.4	0.4	*	0.5	0.5
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	17.8	17.3	2.8	4.1	18.0	17.5	16.6	16.2	2.7	1.7	16.8	16.4	0.5	0.4	<0.1	*	0.5	0.4
Medicaid/CHIP	23.2	22.7	9.5	14.2	23.8	23.0	21.2	20.6	8.8	13.1	21.7	21.0	1.7	1.6	1.5	*	1.6	1.5
Other⁵	18.9	19.3	*	*	19.3	19.5	17.6	17.8	*	*	17.8	18.0	1.1	1.5	*	*	1.1	1.5
No Coverage	19.6	18.8	*	*	19.9	18.4	18.1	17.8	*	*	18.4	17.6	0.7	1.1	*	*	0.7	1.0
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ² Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.22A – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	10,152	10,094	141	90	9,816	9,759	8,706	8,765	127	68	8,424	8,477	4,827^a	4,208	73	34	4,694^a	4,042
AGE GROUP
15‑17	149	176	*	*	149	172	111	120	*	*	110	116	3	5	*	*	3	5
18‑25	1,745	1,938	22	35	1,686	1,877	1,303^a	1,611	18	21	1,258^a	1,565	310^b	132	2	8	305^b	124
26‑50	8,258	7,980	119	54	7,981	7,711	7,292	7,034	109	47	7,056	6,795	4,515	4,072	71	26	4,386	3,913
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8,688	8,346	117	77	8,413	8,041	7,390	7,205	105	56	7,167	6,946	4,275^a	3,730	55	33	4,174^a	3,573
AIAN	97	85	*	*	85	84	91	82	*	*	78	80	46	37	*	*	43	36
Asian	115	223	*	*	115	220	115	207	*	*	115	204	20	60	*	*	20	60
Black or African American	1,651	1,433	*	*	1,577	1,355	1,160	978	*	*	1,110	926	501	486	*	*	473	457
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	23	*	*	*	23	*	20	*	*	*	20	*
White	6,414	6,020	68	55	6,237	5,826	5,683	5,402	64	44	5,531	5,225	3,508^b	2,847	32	29	3,442^b	2,745
Two or More Races	357	517	*	*	348	491	319	468	*	*	310	446	180	280	*	*	175	258
Hispanic or Latino	1,464	1,748	*	*	1,403	1,718	1,316	1,560	*	*	1,257	1,530	552	478	*	1	520	469
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	3,254	3,305	52	65	3,117	3,177	2,867	2,915	42	53	2,758	2,807	1,754	1,474	20	*	1,701	1,416
100‑199%	2,579	2,763	*	*	2,525	2,667	2,217	2,407	*	10	2,169	2,335	1,270	1,211	12	3	1,245	1,174
200% or More	4,315	4,010	61	8	4,170	3,899	3,620	3,427	61	6	3,497	3,318	1,804	1,523	*	5	1,748	1,451
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	4,530	4,275	16	20	4,417	4,145	3,787	3,628	16	10	3,715	3,516	1,949^a	1,479	11	*	1,920^b	1,410
Medicaid/CHIP	4,244	4,217	101	52	4,105	4,074	3,734	3,667	90	33	3,606	3,559	2,314	2,019	61	14	2,228	1,973
Other⁴	956	864	*	*	921	833	801	712	*	*	765	690	521	383	*	*	503	370
No Coverage	1,256	1,450	*	*	1,195	1,384	1,069	1,321	*	*	1,011	1,255	511	671	*	*	503	619
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.22B – Tobacco Product, Cigarette, and Daily Cigarette Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH TOBACCO PRODUCT USE						PAST MONTH CIGARETTE USE						PAST MONTH DAILY CIGARETTE USE
	Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50¹		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	12.8	12.6	6.9	4.7	12.9	12.7	11.0	11.0	6.2	3.6	11.1	11.0	6.1^a	5.3	3.5	1.8	6.2^a	5.2
AGE GROUP
15‑17	2.2	2.7	*	*	2.2	2.7	1.7	1.8	*	*	1.7	1.8	<0.1	0.1	*	*	<0.1	0.1
18‑25	10.0	10.8	4.5	6.5	10.1	10.9	7.5^a	9.0	3.8	3.9	7.5^a	9.1	1.8^b	0.7	0.4	1.5	1.8^b	0.7
26‑50	15.0	14.4	7.7	4.0	15.1	14.5	13.2	12.7	7.0	3.5	13.4	12.7	8.2	7.3	4.6	1.9	8.3	7.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	14.2	13.6	7.6	5.3	14.3	13.6	12.1	11.8	6.7	3.8	12.1	11.8	7.0^a	6.1	3.6	2.3	7.1^a	6.1
AIAN	23.9	17.6	*	*	22.2	18.0	22.3	16.9	*	*	20.5	17.2	11.3	7.6	*	*	11.3	7.7
Asian	1.9	3.5	*	*	2.0	3.6	1.9	3.3	*	*	2.0	3.3	0.3	0.9	*	*	0.4	1.0
Black or African American	15.4	13.5	*	*	15.3	13.3	10.8	9.2	*	*	10.8	9.1	4.7	4.6	*	*	4.6	4.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	5.6	*	*	*	5.8	*	4.9	*	*	*	5.1	*
White	15.4	14.9	6.5	5.4	15.5	14.9	13.6	13.4	6.1	4.3	13.8	13.4	8.4^a	7.0	3.0	2.9	8.6^a	7.0
Two or More Races	17.1	17.3	*	*	17.6	17.1	15.3	15.7	*	*	15.6	15.5	8.6	9.4	*	*	8.8	9.0
Hispanic or Latino	8.2	9.3	*	*	8.2	9.5	7.4	8.3	*	*	7.3	8.5	3.1	2.6	*	0.2	3.0	2.6
POVERTY LEVEL²
Less Than 100%	20.3	19.7	11.9	15.1	20.3	19.7	17.9	17.3	9.6	12.3	18.0	17.4	10.9^a	8.8	4.4	*	11.1^a	8.8
100‑199%	15.9	16.1	*	*	16.1	16.1	13.7	14.0	*	3.1	13.9	14.1	7.8	7.0	3.1	1.0	8.0	7.1
200% or More	9.2	8.8	4.9	0.7	9.3	8.8	7.7	7.5	4.9^a	0.5	7.8	7.5	3.9	3.3	*	0.4	3.9	3.3
HEALTH INSURANCE³
Private	9.5	8.9	1.4	1.9	9.6	8.9	7.9	7.6	1.4	1.0	8.0	7.6	4.1^b	3.1	1.1	*	4.2^b	3.0
Medicaid/CHIP	20.0	19.8	12.7	7.5	20.4	20.1	17.6	17.2	11.3	4.7	17.9	17.6	10.9	9.5	7.7	2.0	11.1	9.7
Other⁴	15.8	14.8	*	*	15.8	14.7	13.2	12.2	*	*	13.1	12.2	8.6	6.5	*	*	8.6	6.5
No Coverage	14.9	16.8	*	*	14.6	16.6	12.7	15.3	*	*	12.4	15.1	6.1	7.8	*	*	6.2	7.4
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ² Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ³ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁴ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.23A – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	37,860	36,784	98	181	37,220	36,151	17,960	17,392	27^a	75	17,631	17,022	3,657	3,725	10	27	3,554	3,646
AGE GROUP
15‑17	800^a	592	*	*	800^a	588	447^b	287	*	*	447^b	283	49	55	*	*	49	53
18‑25	8,397	8,460	21	37	8,280	8,355	4,678	4,846	13	27	4,604	4,771	940	1,080	3	2	912	1,066
26‑50	28,663	27,732	77	142	28,139	27,208	12,835	12,259	14	47	12,579	11,968	2,667	2,590	7	24	2,592	2,526
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	30,403	28,946	83	145	29,904	28,467	14,138	13,242	22	57	13,897	12,989	2,963	3,015	9	27	2,908	2,962
AIAN	129	142	*	*	126	136	*	95	*	*	*	95	17	32	*	*	17	32
Asian	1,849	1,837	*	*	1,837	1,800	718	563	*	*	716	553	75	62	*	*	75	62
Black or African American	4,957	4,436	14	*	4,860	4,321	2,613	2,209	11	*	2,545	2,106	431	470	5	*	427	454
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	9	1	*	*	9	1
White	22,289	21,171	64	106	21,913	20,866	10,164	9,665	7	30	9,998	9,534	2,334	2,274	3	*	2,285	2,240
Two or More Races	1,049	1,289	*	*	1,037	1,273	494	647	*	*	490	639	96	176	*	*	94	173
Hispanic or Latino	7,457	7,839	*	*	7,316	7,684	3,822	4,150	5	18	3,734	4,032	694	710	1	*	646	684
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	5,125	5,491	29	*	4,987	5,344	3,087	3,221	14	*	3,013	3,103	631	648	6	*	598	597
100‑199%	6,533	6,490	10	28	6,447	6,362	3,380	3,295	2	20	3,329	3,205	581	721	1	*	572	712
200% or More	26,167	24,740	58	109	25,752	24,381	11,476	10,827	11	23	11,272	10,664	2,442	2,344	4	3	2,382	2,324
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	26,003	25,400	56	102	25,600	25,059	11,493	11,722	8	25	11,304	11,570	2,351	2,553	2	3	2,309	2,530
Medicaid/CHIP	7,347	6,696	34	61	7,219	6,548	4,086^a	3,464	13	32	3,999^a	3,362	778	712	4	*	744	689
Other⁵	2,723	2,540	*	*	2,675	2,500	1,300	1,064	*	*	1,272	1,043	280	234	*	*	270	232
No Coverage	3,437	3,446	8	*	3,346	3,313	1,946	1,780	6	*	1,896	1,667	405	399	*	*	386	365
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.23B – Alcohol, Binge Alcohol, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Past Month: Among Females Aged 15 to 50; by Pregnancy Status and Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH BINGE ALCOHOL USE						PAST MONTH HEAVY ALCOHOL USE¹
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status				Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnancy Status
	Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant		Females Aged 15‑50²		Pregnant		Not Pregnant
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	47.8^a	46.0	4.8	9.6	48.9^a	46.9	22.7	21.8	1.3^a	4.0	23.2	22.1	4.6	4.7	0.5	1.4	4.7	4.7
AGE GROUP
15‑17	11.9^a	9.1	*	*	12.0^a	9.1	6.7^b	4.4	*	*	6.7^b	4.4	0.7	0.8	*	*	0.7	0.8
18‑25	48.3	47.3	4.3	6.9	49.6	48.6	26.9	27.1	2.7	4.9	27.6	27.7	5.4	6.0	0.6	0.3	5.5	6.2
26‑50	52.1^a	49.9	5.0	10.6	53.4^a	51.0	23.3	22.1	0.9	3.5	23.9	22.4	4.8	4.7	0.5	1.8	4.9	4.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	49.6^a	47.3	5.4	9.9	50.7^b	48.3	23.1	21.6	1.4	3.9	23.6^a	22.0	4.8	4.9	0.6	1.9	4.9	5.0
AIAN	31.7	29.3	*	*	33.1	29.2	*	19.6	*	*	*	20.4	4.2	6.6	*	*	4.4	6.9
Asian	31.2	29.0	*	*	32.1	29.2	12.1	8.9	*	*	12.5	9.0	1.3	1.0	*	*	1.3	1.0
Black or African American	46.2^a	41.7	5.3	*	47.1^a	42.5	24.3^a	20.8	3.9	*	24.7^a	20.7	4.0	4.4	1.7	*	4.1	4.5
NHPI	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	2.3	0.2	*	*	2.4	0.3
White	53.4	52.4	6.1	10.5	54.5	53.5	24.3	23.9	0.7	3.0	24.9	24.5	5.6	5.6	0.3	*	5.7	5.7
Two or More Races	50.3	43.3	*	*	52.3^a	44.3	23.7	21.7	*	*	24.7	22.2	4.6	5.9	*	*	4.8	6.0
Hispanic or Latino	41.8	41.9	*	*	42.7	42.6	21.4	22.2	1.0	4.1	21.8	22.4	3.9	3.8	0.3	*	3.8	3.8
POVERTY LEVEL³
Less Than 100%	31.9	32.7	6.7	*	32.5	33.2	19.2	19.2	3.1	*	19.6	19.3	3.9	3.9	1.3	*	3.9	3.7
100‑199%	40.4	37.8	2.9	8.9	41.2	38.4	20.9	19.2	0.5	6.4	21.3	19.4	3.6	4.2	0.1	*	3.7	4.3
200% or More	55.9	54.0	4.7	9.4	57.2^a	55.2	24.5	23.6	0.9	2.0	25.0	24.1	5.2	5.1	0.3	0.3	5.3	5.3
HEALTH INSURANCE⁴
Private	54.3	53.0	5.2	9.9	55.4	54.0	24.0	24.4	0.7	2.4	24.4	24.9	4.9	5.3	0.2	0.3	5.0	5.4
Medicaid/CHIP	34.7^a	31.4	4.3	8.8	35.8^a	32.3	19.3^b	16.3	1.6	4.6	19.8^b	16.6	3.7	3.3	0.5	*	3.7	3.4
Other⁵	44.9	43.4	*	*	46.0	44.2	21.4	18.2	*	*	21.9	18.4	4.6	4.0	*	*	4.6	4.1
No Coverage	40.7	40.0	5.5	*	40.9	39.8	23.1	20.6	4.6	*	23.2	20.0	4.8	4.6	*	*	4.7	4.4
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. ² Includes respondents with unknown pregnancy status. ³ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ⁴ Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ⁵ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.24A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22				Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
ILLICIT DRUGS²	759	849	795	923	1,846	2,005	1,656	1,462
Marijuana	707	824	721	888	1,776	1,929	1,584	1,404
Cocaine	14	55	22	21	24	57	35	47
Crack	3	*	*	*	4	1	1	1
Heroin	*	*	2	*	6	3	*	<1
Hallucinogens	36	97	17	55	118	161	56	104
LSD	9	22	5	<1	18	26	3	1
Psilocybin	17	71	7	36	76	93	39	49
Ecstasy	7	*	4	13	15	16	8	16
Inhalants³	‑‑	15	‑‑	29	‑‑	30	‑‑	19
Methamphetamine	6	*	*	*	10	12	8	36
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	50	45	71^a	21	48	104	102	66
Pain Relievers	6	17	23	9	25	64	66	41
Prescription Opioids	6	17	17	9	25	64	44	27
Stimulants	35	41	27	10	23	16	43	28
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	10	21	22	6	7	32	25	21
Tranquilizers	8	21	10	6	5	29	21	16
Sedatives	2	*	12	*	6	4	5	5
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	6	17	19	9	27	67	44	27
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	54	88	49	31	51	80	75	93
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	163	‑‑	107	‑‑	298	‑‑	223
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	767	807	713^a	992	2,180	2,261	1,889	1,732
Tobacco Products	435	577	215^b	413	1,187	1,172	664	698
Cigarettes	269	372	171^b	353	769	755	486	582
Daily Cigarettes	6	13	3	5	146	132	83^a	41
Smokeless Tobacco	122^a	236	21	56	335	296	34	68
Cigars	177	150	35	44	440	437	196	159
Pipe Tobacco	19	17	4	2	95	67	31	22
Nicotine Vaping	605	547	633^a	875	1,802	1,843	1,670	1,489
ALCOHOL	1,522	1,756	1,757	2,178	2,697	2,780	2,514	2,436
Binge Alcohol Use	886	1,147	931	1,223	1,590	1,680	1,521	1,481
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	240	303	173^a	293	371	432	316	332
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	17	17	25	9	40	67	45	27
Illegally Made Fentanyl	11	*	8	*	14	*	2	1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.24B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Sex, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22				Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
ILLICIT DRUGS²	21.5	20.7	19.9	20.2	25.0	26.6	25.8	23.2
Marijuana	20.1	20.1	18.1	19.5	24.0	25.6	24.6	22.3
Cocaine	0.4	1.3	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.7
Crack	0.1	*	*	*	0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Heroin	*	*	<0.1	*	0.1	<0.1	*	<0.1
Hallucinogens	1.0	2.4	0.4	1.2	1.6	2.1	0.9	1.6
LSD	0.2	0.5	0.1	<0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	<0.1
Psilocybin	0.5	1.7	0.2	0.8	1.0	1.2	0.6	0.8
Ecstasy	0.2	*	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inhalants³	‑‑	0.4	‑‑	0.6	‑‑	0.4	‑‑	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.2	*	*	*	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.4	1.1	1.8^a	0.5	0.7	1.4	1.6	1.1
Pain Relievers	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.9	1.0	0.6
Prescription Opioids	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.9	0.7	0.4
Stimulants	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.5
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tranquilizers	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.3
Sedatives	<0.1	*	0.3	*	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.9	0.7	0.4
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	2.1	1.2	0.7	0.7	1.1	1.2	1.5
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	4.0	‑‑	2.3	‑‑	4.0	‑‑	3.5
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	21.8	19.6	17.9	21.7	29.5	30.0	29.4	27.5
Tobacco Products	12.4	14.1	5.4^a	9.0	16.1	15.5	10.3	11.1
Cigarettes	7.6	9.1	4.3^b	7.7	10.4	10.0	7.6	9.2
Daily Cigarettes	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.0	1.8	1.3^a	0.7
Smokeless Tobacco	3.5^a	5.7	0.5	1.2	4.5	3.9	0.5	1.1
Cigars	5.0	3.7	0.9	1.0	6.0	5.8	3.0	2.5
Pipe Tobacco	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.1	1.3	0.9	0.5	0.3
Nicotine Vaping	17.2	13.3	15.9	19.2	24.4	24.4	26.0	23.7
ALCOHOL	43.2	42.8	44.0	47.7	36.5	36.9	39.1	38.7
Binge Alcohol Use	25.2	27.9	23.3	26.8	21.5	22.3	23.7	23.5
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	6.8	7.4	4.3	6.4	5.0	5.7	4.9	5.3
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.2	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.4
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.3	*	0.2	*	0.2	*	<0.1	<0.1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.25A – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22		Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	938	957	2,749	2,507
AGE
18	88	107	373	332
19	239	248	494	429
20	230	217	502	454
21	225	241	616	612
22	155	143	764	681
SEX
Male	472	478	1,471	1,477
Female	466	478	1,279^a	1,030
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	736	716	2,074	1,908
AIAN	*	*	*	19
Asian	62	68	38	22
Black or African American	123	131	402	377
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	502	480	1,437	1,274
Two or More Races	48	35	149	202
Hispanic or Latino	203	241	675	600
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	230	153	1,190	1,014
Part‑Time	378	424	638	588
Unemployed	89	107	414	461
Other²	241	273	508	444
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.25B – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22		Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	12.5	11.0	19.9	18.1
AGE
18	7.3	6.7	13.2	11.0
19	13.9	12.4	21.1	17.9
20	13.5	10.9	20.3	18.1
21	12.8	12.4	21.3	22.8
22	14.0	12.6	23.2	21.1
SEX
Male	13.4	11.6	19.9	19.6
Female	11.7	10.5	19.9^a	16.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12.7	11.0	20.7	19.4
AIAN	*	*	*	16.6
Asian	6.8	7.4	5.6	3.7
Black or African American	14.4	13.8	20.9	19.6
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	13.3	11.4	21.1	20.1
Two or More Races	17.9	9.4	32.3	24.1
Hispanic or Latino	11.9	11.0	17.8	15.0
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	16.1	11.0	22.4	20.5
Part‑Time	12.3	11.0	19.2	17.7
Unemployed	15.9	14.4	21.6	22.0
Other²	9.8	10.2	15.5	12.8
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.26A – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22		Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	858	1,025	1,764	1,641
AGE
18	105	152	225	169
19	149	205	298	251
20	192	233	231	301
21	306	291	500	394
22	106	144	510	527
SEX
Male	464	515	858	915
Female	395	510	906	726
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	690	844	1,225	1,162
AIAN	*	*	*	10
Asian	65	43	59	23
Black or African American	82	108	169	166
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	523	660	899	856
Two or More Races	19	31	60	101
Hispanic or Latino	168	182	539	479
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	208	147	885	741
Part‑Time	371	444	354	348
Unemployed	68	85	233	258
Other²	212	349	293	295
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.26B – Alcohol Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22		Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	11.4	11.8	12.8	11.9
AGE
18	8.7	9.5	8.0	5.6
19	8.6	10.2	12.7	10.4
20	11.3	11.7	9.3	12.0
21	17.3	15.0	17.3	14.7
22	9.6	12.7	15.5	16.3
SEX
Male	13.2	12.6	11.6	12.1
Female	9.9	11.2	14.1	11.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	11.9	13.0	12.2	11.8
AIAN	*	*	*	9.0
Asian	7.2	4.7	8.7	3.9
Black or African American	9.6	11.4	8.8	8.6
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	13.9	15.7	13.2	13.5
Two or More Races	6.9	8.3	13.1	12.1
Hispanic or Latino	9.9	8.3	14.2	12.0
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	14.5	10.6	16.7	15.0
Part‑Time	12.1	11.5	10.6	10.5
Unemployed	12.1	11.3	12.2	12.3
Other²	8.6	13.1	9.0	8.5
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Alcohol use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on alcohol use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.27A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22		Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	1,498	1,643	3,635	3,399
AGE
18	158	218	488	408
19	330	379	636	565
20	337	392	616	641
21	439	431	877	801
22	234	223	1,018	984
SEX
Male	763	810	1,889	1,965
Female	735	833	1,747^a	1,434
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,199	1,315	2,678	2,539
AIAN	*	*	*	27
Asian	114	96	91	42
Black or African American	168	200	472	467
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	856	962	1,885	1,746
Two or More Races	59	52	174	238
Hispanic or Latino	299	328	957	860
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	364	257	1,636	1,452
Part‑Time	630	676	818	773
Unemployed	121	175	518	567
Other²	384	536	663	608
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.27B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 to 22; by College Enrollment Status and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	COLLEGE ENROLLMENT STATUS
	Full‑Time College Students Aged 18‑22		Other People Aged 18‑22¹
	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL	19.9	18.9	26.3	24.6
AGE
18	13.1	13.7	17.4	13.6
19	19.1	18.9	27.1	23.5
20	19.8	19.6	24.9	25.5
21	24.9	22.2	30.3	29.8
22	21.0	19.7	30.9	30.5
SEX
Male	21.7	19.7	25.5	26.1
Female	18.4	18.2	27.2^a	22.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	20.6	20.3	26.7	25.8
AIAN	*	*	*	23.4
Asian	12.7	10.3	13.4	7.4
Black or African American	19.8	21.2	24.5	24.3
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	22.8	22.9	27.7	27.5
Two or More Races	21.9	14.2	37.6	28.5
Hispanic or Latino	17.6	15.0	25.2	21.6
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	25.4	18.4	30.8	29.3
Part‑Time	20.6	17.5	24.6	23.2
Unemployed	21.6	23.3	27.0	27.1
Other²	15.6	20.1	20.3	17.6
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents not enrolled in school, enrolled in college part time, enrolled in other grades either full or part time, or enrolled with no other information available. ² Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.28A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Marijuana in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2024)	Alcohol (2025)	Marijuana (2024)	Marijuana (2025)
TOTAL	14,162^a	12,639	11,673^a	10,340
AGE GROUP
16‑25	2,008	1,921	3,025^a	2,642
16‑20	538	552	1,111	1,046
21‑25	1,470	1,369	1,913^a	1,596
26 or Older	12,154^a	10,717	8,648	7,698
SEX
Male	9,082^a	7,861	7,705^b	6,383
Female	5,080	4,778	3,968	3,958
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	11,982^a	10,656	9,966^b	8,265
AIAN	37	16	52	40
Asian	365	237	232	106
Black or African American	989	1,110	1,616	1,345
NHPI	15	5	34	4
White	10,313^b	8,862	7,582^b	6,195
Two or More Races	264	426	451	574
Hispanic or Latino	2,180	1,983	1,707	2,075
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or marijuana. Respondents with unknown information for driving under the influence were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.28B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Marijuana in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol (2024)	Alcohol (2025)	Marijuana (2024)	Marijuana (2025)
TOTAL	5.3^b	4.7	4.3^b	3.8
AGE GROUP
16‑25	4.6	4.3	6.9^a	5.9
16‑20	2.5	2.5	5.2	4.6
21‑25	6.6	6.2	8.6^a	7.2
26 or Older	5.4^a	4.7	3.8^a	3.4
SEX
Male	6.9^a	6.0	5.9^b	4.8
Female	3.7	3.4	2.9	2.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	5.5^a	4.8	4.5^b	3.7
AIAN	3.1	1.0	4.4	2.4
Asian	2.1	1.3	1.3	0.6
Black or African American	3.0	3.5	4.9	4.2
NHPI	1.2	0.5	2.9	0.4
White	6.4^b	5.6	4.7^b	3.9
Two or More Races	4.6	5.0	7.8	6.8
Hispanic or Latino	4.4	3.8	3.4	4.0
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or marijuana. Respondents with unknown information for driving under the influence were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.29A – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Marijuana in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2024)	Alcohol (2025)	Marijuana (2024)	Marijuana (2025)
TOTAL	14,162^a	12,639	11,673^a	10,340
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	2,222	2,099	1,978^a	1,478
New England	878	788	658	525
Middle Atlantic	1,344	1,311	1,320	952
Midwest	3,572	3,466	2,591	2,535
East North Central	2,503	2,434	1,698	1,647
West North Central	1,069	1,032	893	888
South	4,599	4,362	4,288	3,689
South Atlantic	2,438	2,253	2,289	2,011
East South Central	540	489	592	582
West South Central	1,621	1,621	1,407	1,096
West	3,769^b	2,712	2,815	2,639
Mountain	1,264^a	842	1,095^a	764
Pacific	2,505^a	1,870	1,720	1,875
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	8,259	7,569	6,397	5,990
Small Metro	4,590	4,011	3,836	3,487
Nonmetro	1,313	1,059	1,440^b	863
Urbanized	497	398	603^a	391
Less Urbanized	527	444	497	340
Completely Rural	289	217	340^a	132
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	835	890	1,845	1,615
100‑199%	1,254	1,493	2,101	2,196
200% or More	12,063^b	10,253	7,720^b	6,520
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	10,752^a	9,375	7,087^a	6,085
Medicaid/CHIP	1,253	1,434	2,640	2,407
Other³	2,572	2,408	1,479	1,333
No Coverage	1,011	882	1,370	1,332
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Because the 2023 Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes were used to create the county type variables, the 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or marijuana. Respondents with unknown information for driving under the influence were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.29B – Drove Under Influence of Alcohol or Marijuana in Past Year: Among People Aged 16 or Older; by Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Alcohol (2024)	Alcohol (2025)	Marijuana (2024)	Marijuana (2025)
TOTAL	5.3^b	4.7	4.3^b	3.8
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	4.8	4.5	4.2^a	3.1
New England	7.0	6.2	5.2	4.1
Middle Atlantic	3.9	3.8	3.9^a	2.8
Midwest	6.5	6.3	4.7	4.6
East North Central	6.6	6.4	4.5	4.3
West North Central	6.2	6.0	5.2	5.1
South	4.4	4.1	4.1^a	3.5
South Atlantic	4.4	4.0	4.1	3.6
East South Central	3.5	3.1	3.8	3.7
West South Central	4.9	4.9	4.2	3.3
West	5.9^b	4.2	4.4	4.1
Mountain	6.1^b	4.0	5.3^a	3.6
Pacific	5.9^a	4.3	4.0	4.3
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	5.3	4.9	4.1	3.8
Small Metro	5.5^a	4.7	4.6	4.1
Nonmetro	4.2	3.4	4.6^b	2.7
Urbanized	4.0	3.5	4.8	3.4
Less Urbanized	4.7	3.5	4.5^a	2.6
Completely Rural	3.8	3.0	4.4^b	1.8
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	2.0	2.0	4.3	3.6
100‑199%	2.4	2.6	4.0	3.9
200% or More	6.9^b	6.0	4.4^a	3.8
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	6.5^a	5.8	4.3^a	3.8
Medicaid/CHIP	2.4	2.7	5.1	4.5
Other³	3.3	2.9	1.9	1.6
No Coverage	4.2	3.7	5.6	5.5
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Because the 2023 Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes were used to create the county type variables, the 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates. NOTE: Respondents were asked about driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or marijuana. Respondents with unknown information for driving under the influence were excluded. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.30A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	46,273	46,064	1,163	1,430	44,401	43,852	523	532	45,070	44,748
Marijuana	42,712	42,497	954	1,245	41,132	40,615	397	448	41,718	41,412
Cocaine	1,658	1,985	114	168	1,521	1,787	73	58	1,562	1,897
Crack	392	457	44	73	340	381	46	26	338	428
Heroin	258	412	31	38	209	364	*	38	218	364
Hallucinogens	2,660	2,621	96	119	2,514	2,449	84	69	2,526	2,499
LSD	244	271	12	17	226	251	2	4	235	264
Psilocybin	1,686	1,544	41	47	1,632	1,468	39	13	1,634	1,502
Ecstasy	524	464	15	26	484	435	20	13	480	447
Inhalants³	‑‑	879	‑‑	37	‑‑	831	‑‑	22	‑‑	846
Methamphetamine	1,383	1,737	174	293	1,187	1,303	60	83	1,302	1,513
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	4,103	3,629	146	164	3,882	3,347	76	87	3,952	3,424
Pain Relievers	2,000	1,841	81	118	1,906	1,637	47	60	1,940	1,696
Prescription Opioids	1,845	1,711	81	118	1,751	1,507	47	60	1,784	1,566
Stimulants	1,206	1,212	39	18	1,147	1,155	27	*	1,159	1,155
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	1,442	1,158	63	80	1,318	1,046	8	41	1,373	1,085
Tranquilizers	1,231	950	61	65	1,109	853	8	41	1,163	877
Sedatives	243	298	5	15	234	266	1	*	238	280
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	2,010	1,946	108	142	1,870	1,717	68	85	1,912	1,775
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	3,854	4,411	291	417	3,506	3,794	140	133	3,658	4,078
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	8,775	‑‑	545	‑‑	7,957	‑‑	214	‑‑	8,288
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	61,958	62,491	2,039	2,124	58,869	59,393	1,077	860	59,854	60,679
Tobacco Products	47,540	46,408	1,657	1,872	45,028	43,734	912	772	45,794	44,856
Cigarettes	37,460	35,766	1,492	1,612	35,269	33,504	789	685	35,979	34,454
Daily Cigarettes	22,261^a	19,903	944	848	20,920^a	18,640	526	320	21,343^a	19,166
Smokeless Tobacco	6,554	7,180	275	296	6,173	6,777	180	98	6,282	6,976
Cigars	9,312	9,698	315	340	8,872	9,162	196	143	8,995	9,358
Pipe Tobacco	1,773	1,839	61	99	1,662	1,708	25	46	1,698	1,761
Nicotine Vaping	26,113	27,664	1,211	1,136	24,450	26,046	604	515	25,093	26,676
ALCOHOL	132,605	127,574	1,389	1,354	129,856	124,924	690	483	130,554	125,816
Binge Alcohol Use	56,963	56,003	967	910	55,289	54,367	456	286	55,800	55,013
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	14,443	14,453	380	377	13,835	13,801	207	147	13,997	14,028
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	2,163	2,015	116	145	2,013	1,784	72	87	2,059	1,843
Illegally Made Fentanyl	395	385	23	34	369	318	11	17	381	334
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.30B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	17.6	17.4	37.0	42.4	17.3	16.9	32.5	40.8	17.5	17.1
Marijuana	16.3	16.0	30.4	36.9	16.0	15.7	24.7	34.3	16.2	15.9
Cocaine	0.6	0.7	3.6	5.0	0.6	0.7	4.5	4.5	0.6	0.7
Crack	0.1	0.2	1.4	2.2	0.1	0.1	2.9	2.0	0.1	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.2	1.0	1.1	0.1	0.1	*	2.9	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.0	1.0	3.1	3.5	1.0	0.9	5.2	5.3	1.0	1.0
LSD	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Psilocybin	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.4	0.6	0.6	2.4	1.0	0.6	0.6
Ecstasy	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.2	0.2	1.2	1.0	0.2	0.2
Inhalants³	‑‑	0.3	‑‑	1.1	‑‑	0.3	‑‑	1.7	‑‑	0.3
Methamphetamine	0.5	0.7	5.5	8.7	0.5	0.5	3.7	6.3	0.5	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.6	1.4	4.7	4.9	1.5	1.3	4.7	6.7	1.5	1.3
Pain Relievers	0.8	0.7	2.6	3.5	0.7	0.6	2.9	4.6	0.8	0.6
Prescription Opioids	0.7	0.6	2.6	3.5	0.7	0.6	2.9	4.6	0.7	0.6
Stimulants	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.5	0.4	0.4	1.7	*	0.4	0.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.5	0.4	2.0	2.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	3.1	0.5	0.4
Tranquilizers	0.5	0.4	2.0	1.9	0.4	0.3	0.5	3.1	0.5	0.3
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	0.8	0.7	3.4	4.2	0.7	0.7	4.2	6.5	0.7	0.7
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	1.5	1.7	9.3	12.4	1.4	1.5	8.7	10.2	1.4	1.6
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	3.3	‑‑	16.2	‑‑	3.1	‑‑	16.4	‑‑	3.2
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	23.6	23.6	64.9	63.0	23.0	22.9	66.9	66.0	23.2	23.3
Tobacco Products	18.1	17.5	52.8	55.5	17.6	16.9	56.7	59.2	17.8	17.2
Cigarettes	14.3	13.5	47.5	47.8	13.8^a	12.9	49.0	52.5	14.0	13.2
Daily Cigarettes	8.5^b	7.5	30.1	25.1	8.2^b	7.2	32.7	24.6	8.3^b	7.3
Smokeless Tobacco	2.5	2.7	8.8	8.8	2.4	2.6	11.2	7.5	2.4	2.7
Cigars	3.6	3.7	10.0	10.1	3.5	3.5	12.2	11.0	3.5	3.6
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.7	2.0	2.9	0.6	0.7	1.6	3.5	0.7	0.7
Nicotine Vaping	10.0	10.4	38.6	33.7	9.5	10.1	37.5	39.5	9.7	10.2
ALCOHOL	50.6^b	48.1	44.2	40.1	50.7^b	48.2	42.9	37.1	50.6^b	48.2
Binge Alcohol Use	21.7	21.1	30.8	27.0	21.6	21.0	28.3	21.9	21.6	21.1
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	5.5	5.5	12.1	11.2	5.4	5.3	12.9	11.3	5.4	5.4
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.8	0.8	3.7	4.3	0.8	0.7	4.4	6.6	0.8	0.7
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.1	0.7	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.7	1.3	0.1	0.1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.31A – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 18‑49¹ (2024)	Aged 18‑49¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	32,405	31,949	921	1,108	31,031	30,322	429	457	31,544	30,971
Marijuana	30,145	29,773	793	973	28,938	28,340	359	387	29,392	28,925
Cocaine	1,185^a	1,531	70	127	1,091	1,377	43	50	1,119^a	1,455
Crack	163	294	22	32	132^a	260	*	*	130^a	275
Heroin	176	303	29	38	129	255	*	38	136	255
Hallucinogens	2,286	2,286	74	119	2,170	2,137	62	69	2,182	2,187
LSD	225	245	12	17	207	225	2	*	216	238
Psilocybin	1,414	1,330	19	47	1,382	1,265	17	13	1,384	1,300
Ecstasy	436	457	15	26	397	428	*	13	392	441
Inhalants³	‑‑	614	‑‑	37	‑‑	566	‑‑	22	‑‑	581
Methamphetamine	916	982	138	144	755	788	49	68	846	863
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	2,676	2,457	114	149	2,535	2,236	51	87	2,598	2,298
Pain Relievers	1,221	1,098	49	103	1,159	955	23	60	1,185	999
Prescription Opioids	1,087	1,036	49	103	1,025	894	23	60	1,051	937
Stimulants	1,048	1,139	39	18	996	1,086	*	*	1,008	1,086
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	856	724	55	80	782	616	8	41	829	655
Tranquilizers	733	635	54	65	661	543	8	41	707	567
Sedatives	155	152	5	15	145	124	1	*	150	139
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	1,221	1,242	74	127	1,115	1,075	44	85	1,147	1,117
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	2,879	3,186	233	260	2,597	2,825	108	110	2,723	2,974
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	6,168	‑‑	373	‑‑	5,653	‑‑	191	‑‑	5,834
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	40,344	40,003	1,709	1,634	37,983	37,742	853	661	38,854	38,714
Tobacco Products	27,367	26,581	1,327	1,384	25,522	24,736	688	605	26,173	25,514
Cigarettes	20,710	19,889	1,173	1,136	19,134	18,355	587	528	19,718	18,963
Daily Cigarettes	10,444^b	8,958	679	509	9,584^b	8,228	356	241	9,904^b	8,491
Smokeless Tobacco	4,527	4,993	193	232	4,261	4,709	102	86	4,366	4,855
Cigars	6,515	6,510	260	315	6,154	6,069	130	124	6,287	6,261
Pipe Tobacco	1,045	1,051	54	87	950	946	8^a	36	996	997
Nicotine Vaping	22,988	23,258	1,066	973	21,548	21,888	502	408	22,139	22,461
ALCOHOL	75,109	72,576	1,054	1,123	73,216	70,690	438	419	73,836	71,393
Binge Alcohol Use	37,625	37,255	772	743	36,354	36,056	329	233	36,798	36,566
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	9,166	9,122	307	320	8,706	8,652	122	108	8,880	8,861
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	1,328	1,308	82	130	1,212	1,138	47	87	1,249	1,182
Illegally Made Fentanyl	260	258	23	34	234	224	11	*	246	241
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.31B – Substance Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 to 49; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Substance	Aged 18‑49¹ (2024)	Aged 18‑49¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
ILLICIT DRUGS²	23.0	22.6	38.6	45.9	22.7	22.0	36.8	48.1	22.9	22.3
Marijuana	21.4	21.1	33.3	40.3	21.2	20.6	30.8	40.7	21.3	20.8
Cocaine	0.8^a	1.1	3.0	5.3	0.8	1.0	3.7	5.2	0.8^a	1.0
Crack	0.1	0.2	0.9	1.3	0.1^a	0.2	*	*	0.1^a	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.2	1.2	1.6	0.1	0.2	*	4.0	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	1.6	1.6	3.1	4.9	1.6	1.6	5.3	7.2	1.6	1.6
LSD	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.2	*	0.2	0.2
Psilocybin	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.9	1.0	0.9	1.5	1.3	1.0	0.9
Ecstasy	0.3	0.3	0.6	1.1	0.3	0.3	*	1.4	0.3	0.3
Inhalants³	‑‑	0.4	‑‑	1.5	‑‑	0.4	‑‑	2.3	‑‑	0.4
Methamphetamine	0.7	0.7	5.8	6.0	0.6	0.6	4.2	7.2	0.6	0.6
Misuse of Prescription Psychotherapeutics	1.9	1.7	4.8	6.2	1.9	1.6	4.4	9.1	1.9	1.7
Pain Relievers	0.9	0.8	2.0	4.3	0.8	0.7	2.0	6.3	0.9	0.7
Prescription Opioids	0.8	0.7	2.0	4.3	0.7	0.6	2.0	6.3	0.8	0.7
Stimulants	0.7	0.8	1.6	0.8	0.7	0.8	*	*	0.7	0.8
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	0.6	0.5	2.3	3.3	0.6	0.4	0.7	4.3	0.6	0.5
Tranquilizers	0.5	0.4	2.3	2.7	0.5	0.4	0.7	4.3	0.5	0.4
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.1	<0.1	*	0.1	0.1
Benzodiazepines	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑	‑‑
Misuse of Opioids²	0.9	0.9	3.1	5.3	0.8	0.8	3.7	9.0	0.8	0.8
Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants	2.0	2.3	9.8	10.8	1.9	2.1	9.3	11.6	2.0	2.1
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana^2,3,4	‑‑	4.4	‑‑	15.4	‑‑	4.1	‑‑	20.1	‑‑	4.2
NICOTINE PRODUCTS	28.7	28.3	71.7	67.7	27.8	27.4	73.2	69.5	28.2	27.8
Tobacco Products	19.4	18.8	55.7	57.3	18.7	18.0	59.0	63.6	19.0	18.4
Cigarettes	14.7	14.1	49.2	47.1	14.0	13.3	50.4	55.5	14.3	13.6
Daily Cigarettes	7.4^b	6.3	28.5	21.1	7.0^b	6.0	30.5	25.3	7.2^b	6.1
Smokeless Tobacco	3.2	3.5	8.1	9.6	3.1	3.4	8.7	9.0	3.2	3.5
Cigars	4.6	4.6	10.9	13.1	4.5	4.4	11.2	13.0	4.6	4.5
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.7	2.3	3.6	0.7	0.7	0.6^a	3.8	0.7	0.7
Nicotine Vaping	16.3	16.4	44.7	40.3	15.8	15.9	43.1	42.9	16.0	16.2
ALCOHOL	53.4^b	51.3	44.2	46.5	53.5^b	51.4	37.6	44.0	53.5^b	51.4
Binge Alcohol Use	26.7	26.3	32.4	30.8	26.6	26.2	28.2	24.4	26.7	26.3
Heavy Alcohol Use⁵	6.5	6.4	12.9	13.3	6.4	6.3	10.5	11.3	6.4	6.4
MISUSE OF OPIOIDS INCLUDING ILLEGALLY MADE FENTANYL	0.9	0.9	3.5	5.4	0.9	0.8	4.0	9.1	0.9	0.9
Illegally Made Fentanyl	0.2	0.2	1.0	1.4	0.2	0.2	0.9	*	0.2	0.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Some 2024 estimates may differ from previously published estimates due to updates. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. ² Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ³ Changes were made to the inhalant questions in 2025. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ⁴ Illicit drugs other than marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. ⁵ Heavy alcohol users are a subset of binge alcohol users. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.32A – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Age Group/Sex	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	46,273	46,064	1,163	1,430	44,401	43,852	523	532	45,070	44,748
AGE GROUP
18‑49	32,405	31,949	921	1,108	31,031	30,322	429	457	31,544	30,971
18‑25	8,884	8,808	248	*	8,502	8,476	*	*	8,654	8,587
26‑34	10,256	10,176	262	320	9,837	9,692	*	*	9,975	9,893
35‑49	13,266	12,965	411	565	12,692	12,155	207	*	12,915	12,491
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	26,089	25,296	856	1,121	24,792	23,777	387	*	25,261	24,464
Male 18‑49	18,070	17,683	653	833	17,139	16,593	308	*	17,482	17,067
Female 18 or Older	20,185	20,769	307	309	19,609	20,075	*	*	19,809	20,285
Female 18‑49	14,335	14,266	268	274	13,892	13,729	*	*	14,061	13,904
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.32B – Illicit Drug Use in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Age Group/Sex	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	17.6	17.4	37.0	42.4	17.3	16.9	32.5	40.8	17.5	17.1
AGE GROUP
18‑49	23.0	22.6	38.6	45.9	22.7	22.0	36.8	48.1	22.9	22.3
18‑25	25.4	24.4	47.3	*	25.0	23.9	*	*	25.2	24.1
26‑34	25.0	25.0	35.3	49.8	24.7	24.5	*	*	24.8	24.8
35‑49	20.5	20.1	36.8	41.7	20.2	19.4	32.5	*	20.4	19.7
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	20.4	19.8	37.6	46.9	20.0	19.2	31.0	*	20.2	19.5
Male 18‑49	25.7	25.3	38.1	46.9	25.4	24.5	33.9	*	25.6	24.8
Female 18 or Older	15.0	15.1	35.6	31.5	14.8	14.9	*	*	14.9	14.9
Female 18‑49	20.3	20.0	40.0	43.1	20.1	19.6	*	*	20.2	19.8
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Does not include illegally made fentanyl (IMF). ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.33A – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Age Group/Sex	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	26,480^a	24,458	1,194	1,185	24,748^a	22,791	487	523	25,461^a	23,453
AGE GROUP
18‑49	19,709^a	18,204	915	957	18,476^a	16,949	366	414	19,023^a	17,491
18‑25	6,210	5,723	224	*	5,870	5,456	*	*	6,001	5,532
26‑34	6,424	5,973	293	304	6,028	5,589	*	*	6,215	5,770
35‑49	7,075	6,509	399	470	6,579	5,904	171	*	6,807	6,190
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	15,356^a	13,552	827	889	14,232^b	12,368	326	*	14,734^b	12,842
Male 18‑49	11,576^b	10,186	658	700	10,712^b	9,314	281	*	11,089^b	9,707
Female 18 or Older	11,124	10,905	367	296	10,516	10,423	*	*	10,727	10,611
Female 18‑49	8,132	8,019	257	257	7,765	7,635	*	*	7,934	7,784
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.33B – Drug Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Age Group/Sex	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	10.1^a	9.2	38.0	35.1	9.7^a	8.8	30.3	40.1	9.9^b	9.0
AGE GROUP
18‑49	14.0^b	12.9	38.4	39.6	13.5^b	12.3	31.4	43.5	13.8^b	12.6
18‑25	17.8^b	15.9	42.7	*	17.2^a	15.4	*	*	17.4^b	15.5
26‑34	15.7	14.7	39.5	47.2	15.1	14.1	*	*	15.5	14.4
35‑49	10.9	10.1	35.7	34.7	10.5	9.4	26.9	*	10.7	9.8
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	12.0^b	10.6	36.3	37.1	11.5^b	10.0	26.1	*	11.8^b	10.3
Male 18‑49	16.5^b	14.6	38.4	39.3	15.9^b	13.8	30.9	*	16.2^b	14.1
Female 18 or Older	8.3	7.9	42.6	30.2	7.9	7.7	*	*	8.1	7.8
Female 18‑49	11.5	11.2	38.4	40.5	11.2	10.9	*	*	11.4	11.1
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Drug use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on drug use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.34A – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Age Group and Sex, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Age Group/Sex	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	46,327^b	42,699	1,615	1,402	43,931^a	40,563	755	638	44,795^a	41,321
AGE GROUP
18‑49	32,526^a	30,009	1,218	1,126	30,845^a	28,440	533	493	31,525^a	29,068
18‑25	9,056	8,577	276	*	8,632	8,265	*	*	8,797	8,368
26‑34	10,300	9,664	374	358	9,796	9,149	*	*	10,028	9,337
35‑49	13,170^a	11,767	568	551	12,417^a	11,026	*	*	12,701^a	11,364
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	27,255^b	24,592	1,139	1,027	25,648^a	23,159	529	*	26,256^b	23,671
Male 18‑49	19,203^b	17,131	869	836	18,016^b	16,086	393	*	18,489^b	16,544
Female 18 or Older	19,073	18,107	477	374	18,283	17,404	*	*	18,539	17,649
Female 18‑49	13,323	12,878	349	290	12,829	12,354	*	*	13,036	12,523
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.34B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Past Year Probation and Parole/Supervised Release and Age Group and Sex, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Age Group/Sex	Aged 18+¹ (2024)	Aged 18+¹ (2025)	On Probation (2024)	On Probation (2025)	Not on Probation (2024)	Not on Probation (2025)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	On Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2024)	Not on Parole/ Supervised Release (2025)
TOTAL 18 OR OLDER	17.7^b	16.1	51.5	41.5	17.1^b	15.7	46.9	49.0	17.4^b	15.8
AGE GROUP
18‑49	23.1^b	21.2	51.1	46.6	22.6^b	20.7	45.7	51.8	22.8^b	20.9
18‑25	25.9^a	23.8	52.7	*	25.4^a	23.3	*	*	25.6^a	23.5
26‑34	25.1	23.8	50.5	55.7	24.6	23.1	*	*	25.0	23.4
35‑49	20.3^a	18.2	50.7	40.7	19.7^a	17.6	*	*	20.0^a	17.9
SEX/AGE GROUP
Male 18 or Older	21.3^b	19.3	50.0	42.9	20.7^b	18.7	42.3	*	21.0^b	18.9
Male 18‑49	27.4^b	24.5	50.7	47.0	26.7^b	23.8	43.2	*	27.1^b	24.1
Female 18 or Older	14.2^a	13.2	55.3^a	38.2	13.8	12.9	*	*	13.9	13.0
Female 18‑49	18.9	18.0	52.0	45.6	18.5	17.7	*	*	18.7	17.8
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Substance use disorder is based on DSM‑5 criteria. See Chapter 3 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details on who was eligible to receive questions on substance use disorder. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Includes respondents with unknown data for past year probation or parole/supervised release. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.35A – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2025)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2025)
TOTAL	31,735	30,571	67,817^a	63,816
AGE GROUP
18‑25	2,842	2,880	13,193	12,703
26 or Older	28,893	27,691	54,624^a	51,113
26‑49	15,255	14,816	33,757	31,962
50 or Older	13,638	12,875	20,867	19,151
SEX
Male	19,104	17,668	28,132^a	25,819
Female	12,631	12,903	39,685	37,997
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	27,541	26,108	58,907^b	54,306
AIAN	209	228	234	327
Asian	727	659	2,911	2,452
Black or African American	2,474	2,268	5,366	4,915
NHPI	66	26	106	74
White	23,000	21,701	47,922^b	43,704
Two or More Races	1,065	1,226	2,369	2,834
Hispanic or Latino	4,194	4,463	8,910	9,510
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	2,349	2,154	3,490	3,741
High School Graduate	7,463	7,740	13,483	12,817
Some College/Associate’s Degree	11,010	10,595	22,861	21,383
College Graduate	10,913	10,082	27,983	25,875
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	15,894	14,448	32,749^a	30,130
Part‑Time	4,170	4,464	10,673	10,926
Unemployed	1,735	1,755	3,844	4,030
Other³	9,935	9,904	20,551	18,730
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.35B – Perceived Ever Having Had a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem¹ (2025)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2024)	Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue² (2025)
TOTAL	12.2	11.6	26.1^b	24.3
AGE GROUP
18‑25	8.2	8.0	38.2^b	35.5
26 or Older	12.8	12.2	24.2^b	22.5
26‑49	14.5	14.2	32.2^a	30.6
50 or Older	11.3	10.5	17.3^a	15.6
SEX
Male	15.1	14.0	22.2^b	20.4
Female	9.5	9.5	29.8^b	27.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	12.9	12.2	27.7^b	25.4
AIAN	17.8	15.0	20.0	21.5
Asian	4.3	3.8	17.2	14.0
Black or African American	7.9	7.4	17.1	16.0
NHPI	5.7	2.9	9.2	8.0
White	14.6	14.0	30.5^b	28.2
Two or More Races	19.8	15.1	43.9^b	34.9
Hispanic or Latino	8.9	9.1	18.9	19.4
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	9.9	9.0	14.7	15.6
High School Graduate	10.7	11.0	19.4	18.3
Some College/Associate’s Degree	14.3	13.8	29.7^a	27.9
College Graduate	12.2^a	11.0	31.3^b	28.2
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	13.2	12.3	27.2^a	25.7
Part‑Time	13.0	12.9	33.3	31.6
Unemployed	13.6	12.9	30.2	29.6
Other³	10.5	10.2	21.7^b	19.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown data for perceived ever having a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.36A – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2025)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2025)
TOTAL	23,525	22,301	44,968	44,073
AGE GROUP
18‑25	1,909	1,819	8,269	8,373
26 or Older	21,616	20,481	36,698	35,700
26‑49	11,130	10,744	21,718	21,741
50 or Older	10,487	9,737	14,981	13,959
SEX
Male	14,303^a	12,854	18,358	17,782
Female	9,222	9,447	26,609	26,291
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	20,568	19,130	39,181	37,481
AIAN	172	176	164	207
Asian	484	538	1,801	1,563
Black or African American	1,814	1,523	3,306	3,367
NHPI	46	19	85	64
White	17,174	15,908	32,180	30,344
Two or More Races	878	966	1,646	1,934
Hispanic or Latino	2,957	3,171	5,786	6,593
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,883	1,542	2,250	2,481
High School Graduate	5,714	5,896	8,390	8,185
Some College/Associate’s Degree	8,593	8,042	14,642	15,012
College Graduate	7,335	6,821	19,686	18,395
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	11,388^a	10,161	22,030	20,989
Part‑Time	2,945	3,181	7,078	7,596
Unemployed	1,340	1,300	2,367	2,608
Other³	7,852	7,658	13,493	12,880
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves as never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or not having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves as never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or not having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.36B – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem or Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2025)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2025)
TOTAL	9.1	8.5	17.3	16.8
AGE GROUP
18‑25	5.5	5.1	24.1	23.5
26 or Older	9.6	9.0	16.3	15.7
26‑49	10.6	10.3	20.7	20.9
50 or Older	8.7	7.9	12.4	11.4
SEX
Male	11.3^a	10.2	14.5	14.1
Female	6.9	6.9	20.0	19.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.7	9.0	18.4	17.6
AIAN	14.7	11.6	14.1	13.6
Asian	2.9	3.1	10.6	8.9
Black or African American	5.8	4.9	10.6	10.9
NHPI	4.0	2.1	7.3	7.0
White	10.9	10.3	20.5	19.6
Two or More Races	16.3	11.9	30.5^a	24.0
Hispanic or Latino	6.3	6.5	12.3	13.4
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	7.9	6.4	9.5	10.4
High School Graduate	8.2	8.4	12.1	11.7
Some College/Associate’s Degree	11.1	10.5	19.0	19.6
College Graduate	8.2	7.4	22.0^a	20.1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	9.5	8.7	18.3	17.9
Part‑Time	9.2	9.2	22.1	22.0
Unemployed	10.5	9.6	18.6	19.2
Other³	8.3	7.9	14.3	13.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents who perceived themselves as never having had a substance use problem were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or not having recovered from a substance use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents who perceived themselves as never having had a mental health issue were classified in this analysis as not being in recovery or not having recovered from a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.37A – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2025)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2025)
TOTAL	23,525	22,301	44,968	44,073
AGE GROUP
18‑25	1,909	1,819	8,269	8,373
26 or Older	21,616	20,481	36,698	35,700
26‑49	11,130	10,744	21,718	21,741
50 or Older	10,487	9,737	14,981	13,959
SEX
Male	14,303^a	12,854	18,358	17,782
Female	9,222	9,447	26,609	26,291
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	20,568	19,130	39,181	37,481
AIAN	*	*	164	*
Asian	*	*	1,801	1,563
Black or African American	1,814	1,523	3,306	3,367
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	17,174	15,908	32,180	30,344
Two or More Races	878	966	1,646	1,934
Hispanic or Latino	2,957	3,171	5,786	6,593
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	1,883	1,542	2,250	2,481
High School Graduate	5,714	5,896	8,390	8,185
Some College/Associate’s Degree	8,593	8,042	14,642	15,012
College Graduate	7,335	6,821	19,686	18,395
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	11,388^a	10,161	22,030	20,989
Part‑Time	2,945	3,181	7,078	7,596
Unemployed	1,340	1,300	2,367	2,608
Other³	7,852	7,658	13,493	12,880
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.37B – Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Substance Use Problem; Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue: Among People Aged 18 or Older Who Perceived Ever Having a Mental Health Issue; by Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Substance Use Problem¹ (2025)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2024)	Considered Themselves to Be in Recovery from a Mental Health Issue² (2025)
TOTAL	74.3	73.0	66.9^b	69.4
AGE GROUP
18‑25	67.5	63.4	63.4^a	66.4
26 or Older	75.0	74.0	67.7^a	70.2
26‑49	73.1	72.6	64.9^b	68.3
50 or Older	77.1	75.6	72.2	73.2
SEX
Male	75.0	72.8	66.0^a	69.3
Female	73.2	73.3	67.5	69.6
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	74.9	73.4	67.0^a	69.4
AIAN	*	*	71.6	*
Asian	*	*	62.5	64.0
Black or African American	73.6	67.2	63.3	68.7
NHPI	*	*	*	*
White	74.8	73.4	67.4^a	69.8
Two or More Races	82.7	78.9	69.7	69.7
Hispanic or Latino	70.6	71.1	66.1	69.7
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	80.3	71.6	64.8	66.7
High School Graduate	76.8	76.3	62.8	64.5
Some College/Associate’s Degree	78.2	76.0	64.6^b	70.5
College Graduate	67.3	67.8	70.9	71.4
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	71.7	70.4	68.0	69.9
Part‑Time	70.8	71.3	66.6	70.1
Unemployed	77.2	74.2	61.9	65.3
Other³	79.4	77.4	66.1	69.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: These estimates exclude a subset of respondents who did not complete the questionnaire. The analysis weights and estimates were adjusted for the reduced sample size. See Chapter 2 of the 2025 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Methodological Summary and Definitions for details. ^a,b The difference between this estimate and the 2025 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level (a) or .01 level (b). Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a substance use problem only if they reported ever having a drug or alcohol use problem. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a substance use problem or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a substance use problem were excluded. ² Respondents were asked whether they considered themselves to be in recovery or to have recovered from a mental health issue only if they reported ever having a mental health issue. Respondents with unknown data for ever having a mental health issue or for having considered themselves to be in recovery from a mental health issue were excluded. ³ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.38A – Had Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	46,174	‑‑	6,935	‑‑	39,239	‑‑	17,292	‑‑	21,948
SEX
Male	‑‑	18,935	‑‑	2,891	‑‑	16,044	‑‑	7,196	‑‑	8,848
Female	‑‑	27,240	‑‑	4,044	‑‑	23,196	‑‑	10,096	‑‑	13,100
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	39,033	‑‑	5,209	‑‑	33,825	‑‑	14,052	‑‑	19,773
AIAN	‑‑	288	‑‑	41	‑‑	247	‑‑	167	‑‑	79
Asian	‑‑	1,825	‑‑	295	‑‑	1,530	‑‑	736	‑‑	795
Black or African American	‑‑	4,118	‑‑	849	‑‑	3,269	‑‑	1,424	‑‑	1,845
NHPI	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*
White	‑‑	30,702	‑‑	3,605	‑‑	27,097	‑‑	10,836	‑‑	16,262
Two or More Races	‑‑	1,862	‑‑	414	‑‑	1,448	‑‑	834	‑‑	614
Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	7,141	‑‑	1,726	‑‑	5,415	‑‑	3,240	‑‑	2,175
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	‑‑	4,027	‑‑	763	‑‑	3,264	‑‑	1,240	‑‑	2,024
High School Graduate	‑‑	13,004	‑‑	2,561	‑‑	10,443	‑‑	4,176	‑‑	6,267
Some College/Associate’s Degree	‑‑	15,150	‑‑	2,764	‑‑	12,386	‑‑	5,706	‑‑	6,680
College Graduate	‑‑	13,994	‑‑	847	‑‑	13,147	‑‑	6,171	‑‑	6,976
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	‑‑	17,815	‑‑	2,385	‑‑	15,430	‑‑	9,749	‑‑	5,681
Part‑Time	‑‑	6,988	‑‑	2,035	‑‑	4,953	‑‑	2,292	‑‑	2,660
Unemployed	‑‑	2,559	‑‑	822	‑‑	1,737	‑‑	1,326	‑‑	411
Other¹	‑‑	18,813	‑‑	1,693	‑‑	17,120	‑‑	3,925	‑‑	13,195
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Symptoms of sleep disturbance include having trouble falling or staying asleep on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown symptoms of sleep disturbance data were excluded. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.38B – Had Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	17.7	‑‑	19.5	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	16.7	‑‑	18.0
SEX
Male	‑‑	15.1	‑‑	16.1	‑‑	14.9	‑‑	14.1	‑‑	15.6
Female	‑‑	20.1	‑‑	22.9	‑‑	19.7	‑‑	19.2	‑‑	20.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	18.4	‑‑	19.9	‑‑	18.2	‑‑	17.5	‑‑	18.8
AIAN	‑‑	19.4	‑‑	20.8	‑‑	19.2	‑‑	27.6	‑‑	11.7
Asian	‑‑	10.6	‑‑	11.8	‑‑	10.3	‑‑	8.8	‑‑	12.3
Black or African American	‑‑	13.5	‑‑	18.7	‑‑	12.6	‑‑	11.1	‑‑	14.1
NHPI	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*
White	‑‑	20.0	‑‑	20.9	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	19.9
Two or More Races	‑‑	23.3	‑‑	24.5	‑‑	23.0	‑‑	24.8	‑‑	20.9
Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	14.6	‑‑	18.4	‑‑	13.7	‑‑	14.0	‑‑	13.3
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	‑‑	17.0	‑‑	20.8	‑‑	16.3	‑‑	16.2	‑‑	16.3
High School Graduate	‑‑	18.7	‑‑	20.3	‑‑	18.3	‑‑	18.0	‑‑	18.6
Some College/Associate’s Degree	‑‑	19.9	‑‑	20.9	‑‑	19.6	‑‑	19.9	‑‑	19.4
College Graduate	‑‑	15.3	‑‑	13.9	‑‑	15.4	‑‑	14.0	‑‑	17.0
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	‑‑	15.3	‑‑	17.6	‑‑	15.0	‑‑	14.7	‑‑	15.7
Part‑Time	‑‑	20.3	‑‑	21.3	‑‑	19.9	‑‑	20.2	‑‑	19.7
Unemployed	‑‑	19.0	‑‑	20.3	‑‑	18.5	‑‑	20.7	‑‑	13.8
Other¹	‑‑	19.4	‑‑	19.9	‑‑	19.4	‑‑	20.3	‑‑	19.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Symptoms of sleep disturbance include having trouble falling or staying asleep on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown symptoms of sleep disturbance data were excluded. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.39A – Had Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	46,174	‑‑	6,935	‑‑	39,239	‑‑	17,292	‑‑	21,948
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	‑‑	7,185	‑‑	1,043	‑‑	6,142	‑‑	2,709	‑‑	3,434
New England	‑‑	2,046	‑‑	281	‑‑	1,765	‑‑	749	‑‑	1,016
Middle Atlantic	‑‑	5,139	‑‑	761	‑‑	4,377	‑‑	1,960	‑‑	2,417
Midwest	‑‑	10,298	‑‑	1,792	‑‑	8,506	‑‑	3,762	‑‑	4,743
East North Central	‑‑	6,959	‑‑	1,201	‑‑	5,758	‑‑	2,458	‑‑	3,300
West North Central	‑‑	3,339	‑‑	591	‑‑	2,748	‑‑	1,304	‑‑	1,444
South	‑‑	17,529	‑‑	2,560	‑‑	14,969	‑‑	6,840	‑‑	8,129
South Atlantic	‑‑	9,639	‑‑	1,295	‑‑	8,344	‑‑	3,691	‑‑	4,653
East South Central	‑‑	2,915	‑‑	452	‑‑	2,463	‑‑	1,091	‑‑	1,372
West South Central	‑‑	4,974	‑‑	813	‑‑	4,161	‑‑	2,057	‑‑	2,104
West	‑‑	11,162	‑‑	1,540	‑‑	9,623	‑‑	3,982	‑‑	5,641
Mountain	‑‑	3,790	‑‑	579	‑‑	3,211	‑‑	1,528	‑‑	1,682
Pacific	‑‑	7,373	‑‑	961	‑‑	6,412	‑‑	2,453	‑‑	3,959
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	‑‑	24,047	‑‑	3,499	‑‑	20,548	‑‑	9,245	‑‑	11,303
Small Metro	‑‑	15,389	‑‑	2,455	‑‑	12,934	‑‑	5,773	‑‑	7,161
Nonmetro	‑‑	6,739	‑‑	981	‑‑	5,758	‑‑	2,274	‑‑	3,483
Urbanized	‑‑	2,386	‑‑	410	‑‑	1,976	‑‑	984	‑‑	993
Less Urbanized	‑‑	2,616	‑‑	347	‑‑	2,269	‑‑	813	‑‑	1,456
Completely Rural	‑‑	1,737	‑‑	224	‑‑	1,513	‑‑	478	‑‑	1,034
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	‑‑	8,849	‑‑	1,988	‑‑	6,861	‑‑	3,226	‑‑	3,636
100‑199%	‑‑	9,935	‑‑	1,855	‑‑	8,080	‑‑	3,650	‑‑	4,430
200% or More	‑‑	27,303	‑‑	3,005	‑‑	24,298	‑‑	10,416	‑‑	13,882
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	‑‑	25,479	‑‑	3,602	‑‑	21,877	‑‑	9,364	‑‑	12,513
Medicaid/CHIP	‑‑	11,111	‑‑	2,062	‑‑	9,049	‑‑	4,893	‑‑	4,156
Other³	‑‑	15,076	‑‑	561	‑‑	14,514	‑‑	2,273	‑‑	12,241
No Coverage	‑‑	3,875	‑‑	968	‑‑	2,907	‑‑	2,146	‑‑	761
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Symptoms of sleep disturbance include having trouble falling or staying asleep on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown symptoms of sleep disturbance data were excluded. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.39B – Had Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	17.7	‑‑	19.5	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	16.7	‑‑	18.0
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	‑‑	15.8	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	15.6	‑‑	15.3	‑‑	15.8
New England	‑‑	16.7	‑‑	17.3	‑‑	16.7	‑‑	16.3	‑‑	17.0
Middle Atlantic	‑‑	15.5	‑‑	17.5	‑‑	15.2	‑‑	15.0	‑‑	15.4
Midwest	‑‑	19.3	‑‑	24.2	‑‑	18.5	‑‑	18.3	‑‑	18.8
East North Central	‑‑	19.0	‑‑	23.9	‑‑	18.2	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	18.8
West North Central	‑‑	20.1	‑‑	24.9	‑‑	19.3	‑‑	20.1	‑‑	18.6
South	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	18.5	‑‑	17.2	‑‑	17.1	‑‑	17.2
South Atlantic	‑‑	17.9	‑‑	18.6	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	17.8
East South Central	‑‑	19.1	‑‑	21.4	‑‑	18.8	‑‑	18.6	‑‑	18.9
West South Central	‑‑	15.7	‑‑	17.1	‑‑	15.4	‑‑	15.5	‑‑	15.3
West	‑‑	18.2	‑‑	18.3	‑‑	18.2	‑‑	15.7	‑‑	20.5
Mountain	‑‑	19.0	‑‑	20.2	‑‑	18.8	‑‑	18.8	‑‑	18.8
Pacific	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	17.9	‑‑	14.3	‑‑	21.3
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	‑‑	16.1	‑‑	17.2	‑‑	16.0	‑‑	14.8	‑‑	17.1
Small Metro	‑‑	18.9	‑‑	21.3	‑‑	18.5	‑‑	18.8	‑‑	18.2
Nonmetro	‑‑	22.2	‑‑	25.8	‑‑	21.7	‑‑	21.9	‑‑	21.5
Urbanized	‑‑	21.7	‑‑	28.2	‑‑	20.7	‑‑	24.5	‑‑	18.0
Less Urbanized	‑‑	21.2	‑‑	22.4	‑‑	21.0	‑‑	19.0	‑‑	22.4
Completely Rural	‑‑	24.5	‑‑	28.0	‑‑	24.1	‑‑	23.1	‑‑	24.6
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	‑‑	20.9	‑‑	20.5	‑‑	21.0	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	22.2
100‑199%	‑‑	18.4	‑‑	22.2	‑‑	17.7	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	17.5
200% or More	‑‑	16.6	‑‑	17.4	‑‑	16.5	‑‑	15.6	‑‑	17.3
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	‑‑	16.4	‑‑	17.7	‑‑	16.2	‑‑	14.3	‑‑	18.0
Medicaid/CHIP	‑‑	22.4	‑‑	22.4	‑‑	22.4	‑‑	22.7	‑‑	22.0
Other³	‑‑	18.7	‑‑	21.2	‑‑	18.6	‑‑	25.8	‑‑	17.7
No Coverage	‑‑	16.7	‑‑	19.9	‑‑	15.8	‑‑	16.3	‑‑	14.6
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Symptoms of sleep disturbance include having trouble falling or staying asleep on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown symptoms of sleep disturbance data were excluded. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.40A – Took Medication to Help Fall or Stay Asleep in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older and among People with Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance Aged 18 or Older; Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Age Group	Total (2024)	Total (2025)
TOOK MEDICATION TO HELP FALL/STAY ASLEEP IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
18 or Older	‑‑	52,870
18‑25	‑‑	6,007
26 or Older	‑‑	46,863
26‑49	‑‑	18,827
50 or Older	‑‑	28,036
TOOK MEDICATION TO HELP FALL/STAY ASLEEP IN PAST MONTH AMONG PEOPLE WITH SYMPTOMS OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE¹
18 or Older	‑‑	19,550
18‑25	‑‑	2,410
26 or Older	‑‑	17,140
26‑49	‑‑	7,123
50 or Older	‑‑	10,017
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown use of medication to help fall or stay asleep data were excluded. ¹ Symptoms of sleep disturbance include having trouble falling or staying asleep on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown symptoms of sleep disturbance data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.40B – Took Medication to Help Fall or Stay Asleep in Past Month: Among People Aged 18 or Older and among People with Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance Aged 18 or Older; Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Age Group	Total (2024)	Total (2025)
TOOK MEDICATION TO HELP FALL/STAY ASLEEP IN PAST MONTH AMONG TOTAL POPULATION
18 or Older	‑‑	20.3
18‑25	‑‑	16.9
26 or Older	‑‑	20.8
26‑49	‑‑	18.2
50 or Older	‑‑	23.1
TOOK MEDICATION TO HELP FALL/STAY ASLEEP IN PAST MONTH AMONG PEOPLE WITH SYMPTOMS OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE¹
18 or Older	‑‑	42.4
18‑25	‑‑	34.8
26 or Older	‑‑	43.7
26‑49	‑‑	41.2
50 or Older	‑‑	45.6
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Respondents with unknown use of medication to help fall or stay asleep data were excluded. ¹ Symptoms of sleep disturbance include having trouble falling or staying asleep on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown symptoms of sleep disturbance data were excluded. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.41A – Had Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	51,584	‑‑	3,557	‑‑	48,027	‑‑	16,017	‑‑	32,010
SEX
Male	‑‑	22,359	‑‑	1,481	‑‑	20,878	‑‑	7,095	‑‑	13,782
Female	‑‑	29,225	‑‑	2,076	‑‑	27,150	‑‑	8,921	‑‑	18,228
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	45,920	‑‑	2,950	‑‑	42,971	‑‑	13,525	‑‑	29,445
AIAN	‑‑	340	‑‑	17	‑‑	323	‑‑	125	‑‑	198
Asian	‑‑	1,353	‑‑	106	‑‑	1,247	‑‑	493	‑‑	754
Black or African American	‑‑	4,602	‑‑	304	‑‑	4,298	‑‑	1,484	‑‑	2,814
NHPI	‑‑	*	‑‑	2	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*
White	‑‑	37,406	‑‑	2,321	‑‑	35,085	‑‑	10,685	‑‑	24,400
Two or More Races	‑‑	1,987	‑‑	199	‑‑	1,788	‑‑	684	‑‑	1,104
Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	5,664	‑‑	607	‑‑	5,057	‑‑	2,491	‑‑	2,565
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	‑‑	4,697	‑‑	374	‑‑	4,322	‑‑	1,182	‑‑	3,141
High School Graduate	‑‑	14,759	‑‑	1,268	‑‑	13,491	‑‑	4,121	‑‑	9,370
Some College/Associate’s Degree	‑‑	17,272	‑‑	1,462	‑‑	15,810	‑‑	5,658	‑‑	10,153
College Graduate	‑‑	14,856	‑‑	453	‑‑	14,403	‑‑	5,057	‑‑	9,347
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	‑‑	17,032	‑‑	1,347	‑‑	15,685	‑‑	8,823	‑‑	6,862
Part‑Time	‑‑	6,784	‑‑	1,058	‑‑	5,726	‑‑	2,202	‑‑	3,524
Unemployed	‑‑	2,091	‑‑	355	‑‑	1,736	‑‑	1,084	‑‑	652
Other¹	‑‑	25,677	‑‑	797	‑‑	24,880	‑‑	3,908	‑‑	20,972
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.41B – Had Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	21.3	‑‑	15.5	‑‑	26.3
SEX
Male	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	8.2	‑‑	19.4	‑‑	13.9	‑‑	24.3
Female	‑‑	21.6	‑‑	11.8	‑‑	23.1	‑‑	17.0	‑‑	28.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	21.7	‑‑	11.3	‑‑	23.1	‑‑	16.8	‑‑	28.0
AIAN	‑‑	22.6	‑‑	8.7	‑‑	24.7	‑‑	20.1	‑‑	29.0
Asian	‑‑	7.8	‑‑	4.2	‑‑	8.4	‑‑	5.9	‑‑	11.7
Black or African American	‑‑	15.1	‑‑	6.7	‑‑	16.6	‑‑	11.5	‑‑	21.5
NHPI	‑‑	*	‑‑	2.8	‑‑	*	‑‑	*	‑‑	*
White	‑‑	24.3	‑‑	13.5	‑‑	25.7	‑‑	19.5	‑‑	29.9
Two or More Races	‑‑	24.9	‑‑	11.8	‑‑	28.4	‑‑	20.3	‑‑	37.7
Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	11.6	‑‑	6.5	‑‑	12.8	‑‑	10.7	‑‑	15.7
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	10.2	‑‑	21.6	‑‑	15.5	‑‑	25.3
High School Graduate	‑‑	21.2	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	23.7	‑‑	17.7	‑‑	27.8
Some College/Associate’s Degree	‑‑	22.6	‑‑	11.1	‑‑	25.1	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	29.5
College Graduate	‑‑	16.3	‑‑	7.4	‑‑	16.9	‑‑	11.5	‑‑	22.8
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	‑‑	14.6	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	15.3	‑‑	13.3	‑‑	18.9
Part‑Time	‑‑	19.7	‑‑	11.1	‑‑	23.0	‑‑	19.4	‑‑	26.1
Unemployed	‑‑	15.5	‑‑	8.8	‑‑	18.5	‑‑	16.9	‑‑	21.8
Other¹	‑‑	26.5	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	28.2	‑‑	20.2	‑‑	30.5
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.42A – Had Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	51,584	‑‑	3,557	‑‑	48,027	‑‑	16,017	‑‑	32,010
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	‑‑	7,745	‑‑	532	‑‑	7,213	‑‑	2,416	‑‑	4,797
New England	‑‑	2,478	‑‑	139	‑‑	2,339	‑‑	769	‑‑	1,570
Middle Atlantic	‑‑	5,267	‑‑	393	‑‑	4,874	‑‑	1,646	‑‑	3,228
Midwest	‑‑	11,959	‑‑	967	‑‑	10,992	‑‑	3,460	‑‑	7,532
East North Central	‑‑	8,212	‑‑	666	‑‑	7,546	‑‑	2,306	‑‑	5,240
West North Central	‑‑	3,747	‑‑	301	‑‑	3,446	‑‑	1,154	‑‑	2,292
South	‑‑	19,729	‑‑	1,296	‑‑	18,433	‑‑	6,143	‑‑	12,291
South Atlantic	‑‑	10,542	‑‑	654	‑‑	9,889	‑‑	3,168	‑‑	6,721
East South Central	‑‑	3,516	‑‑	195	‑‑	3,321	‑‑	1,149	‑‑	2,172
West South Central	‑‑	5,670	‑‑	447	‑‑	5,223	‑‑	1,826	‑‑	3,398
West	‑‑	12,151	‑‑	762	‑‑	11,389	‑‑	3,998	‑‑	7,391
Mountain	‑‑	4,570	‑‑	322	‑‑	4,248	‑‑	1,430	‑‑	2,818
Pacific	‑‑	7,581	‑‑	440	‑‑	7,141	‑‑	2,568	‑‑	4,573
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	‑‑	24,551	‑‑	1,655	‑‑	22,896	‑‑	7,930	‑‑	14,966
Small Metro	‑‑	18,865	‑‑	1,365	‑‑	17,500	‑‑	5,755	‑‑	11,745
Nonmetro	‑‑	8,168	‑‑	538	‑‑	7,630	‑‑	2,331	‑‑	5,299
Urbanized	‑‑	2,805	‑‑	220	‑‑	2,585	‑‑	927	‑‑	1,659
Less Urbanized	‑‑	3,533	‑‑	238	‑‑	3,294	‑‑	955	‑‑	2,340
Completely Rural	‑‑	1,830	‑‑	79	‑‑	1,751	‑‑	450	‑‑	1,301
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	‑‑	9,617	‑‑	954	‑‑	8,663	‑‑	3,379	‑‑	5,284
100‑199%	‑‑	11,418	‑‑	805	‑‑	10,614	‑‑	3,527	‑‑	7,087
200% or More	‑‑	30,522	‑‑	1,771	‑‑	28,751	‑‑	9,111	‑‑	19,640
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	‑‑	27,186	‑‑	1,990	‑‑	25,196	‑‑	8,620	‑‑	16,576
Medicaid/CHIP	‑‑	12,481	‑‑	1,107	‑‑	11,374	‑‑	5,152	‑‑	6,222
Other³	‑‑	23,514	‑‑	262	‑‑	23,252	‑‑	2,523	‑‑	20,728
No Coverage	‑‑	2,748	‑‑	374	‑‑	2,374	‑‑	1,422	‑‑	952
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.42B – Had Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	21.3	‑‑	15.5	‑‑	26.3
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	‑‑	17.1	‑‑	8.9	‑‑	18.3	‑‑	13.7	‑‑	22.2
New England	‑‑	20.3	‑‑	8.5	‑‑	22.1	‑‑	16.7	‑‑	26.4
Middle Atlantic	‑‑	15.9	‑‑	9.0	‑‑	16.9	‑‑	12.6	‑‑	20.6
Midwest	‑‑	22.5	‑‑	13.1	‑‑	24.0	‑‑	16.8	‑‑	29.8
East North Central	‑‑	22.4	‑‑	13.3	‑‑	23.9	‑‑	16.4	‑‑	29.9
West North Central	‑‑	22.6	‑‑	12.7	‑‑	24.2	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	29.5
South	‑‑	19.5	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	21.2	‑‑	15.4	‑‑	26.1
South Atlantic	‑‑	19.5	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	21.0	‑‑	15.2	‑‑	25.7
East South Central	‑‑	23.1	‑‑	9.2	‑‑	25.3	‑‑	19.6	‑‑	29.9
West South Central	‑‑	17.9	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	19.3	‑‑	13.7	‑‑	24.8
West	‑‑	19.8	‑‑	9.1	‑‑	21.5	‑‑	15.7	‑‑	26.9
Mountain	‑‑	22.9	‑‑	11.2	‑‑	24.8	‑‑	17.5	‑‑	31.4
Pacific	‑‑	18.3	‑‑	7.9	‑‑	20.0	‑‑	14.9	‑‑	24.7
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	‑‑	16.5	‑‑	8.2	‑‑	17.8	‑‑	12.7	‑‑	22.6
Small Metro	‑‑	23.2	‑‑	11.8	‑‑	25.0	‑‑	18.8	‑‑	29.9
Nonmetro	‑‑	26.9	‑‑	14.1	‑‑	28.7	‑‑	22.5	‑‑	32.7
Urbanized	‑‑	25.6	‑‑	15.1	‑‑	27.2	‑‑	23.1	‑‑	30.1
Less Urbanized	‑‑	28.7	‑‑	15.4	‑‑	30.6	‑‑	22.3	‑‑	36.0
Completely Rural	‑‑	25.8	‑‑	9.9	‑‑	27.9	‑‑	21.7	‑‑	30.9
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	‑‑	22.7	‑‑	9.8	‑‑	26.5	‑‑	20.7	‑‑	32.2
100‑199%	‑‑	21.1	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	23.2	‑‑	17.2	‑‑	28.0
200% or More	‑‑	18.6	‑‑	10.3	‑‑	19.6	‑‑	13.6	‑‑	24.6
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	‑‑	17.5	‑‑	9.8	‑‑	18.7	‑‑	13.2	‑‑	23.9
Medicaid/CHIP	‑‑	25.1	‑‑	12.0	‑‑	28.1	‑‑	23.9	‑‑	32.9
Other³	‑‑	29.2	‑‑	9.9	‑‑	29.8	‑‑	28.6	‑‑	30.0
No Coverage	‑‑	11.8	‑‑	7.7	‑‑	12.9	‑‑	10.8	‑‑	18.2
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.43A – Had High‑Impact Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	22,565	‑‑	1,289	‑‑	21,275	‑‑	6,743	‑‑	14,533
SEX
Male	‑‑	9,477	‑‑	495	‑‑	8,981	‑‑	2,759	‑‑	6,222
Female	‑‑	13,088	‑‑	794	‑‑	12,294	‑‑	3,984	‑‑	8,310
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	19,813	‑‑	1,006	‑‑	18,807	‑‑	5,540	‑‑	13,267
AIAN	‑‑	133	‑‑	12	‑‑	121	‑‑	59	‑‑	62
Asian	‑‑	778	‑‑	50	‑‑	728	‑‑	168	‑‑	560
Black or African American	‑‑	2,261	‑‑	159	‑‑	2,103	‑‑	822	‑‑	1,280
NHPI	‑‑	89	‑‑	2	‑‑	87	‑‑	*	‑‑	*
White	‑‑	15,455	‑‑	707	‑‑	14,748	‑‑	4,179	‑‑	10,570
Two or More Races	‑‑	1,097	‑‑	77	‑‑	1,020	‑‑	289	‑‑	731
Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	2,751	‑‑	283	‑‑	2,468	‑‑	1,203	‑‑	1,265
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	‑‑	2,706	‑‑	206	‑‑	2,499	‑‑	735	‑‑	1,765
High School Graduate	‑‑	7,491	‑‑	466	‑‑	7,025	‑‑	1,904	‑‑	5,121
Some College/Associate’s Degree	‑‑	7,645	‑‑	491	‑‑	7,154	‑‑	2,601	‑‑	4,553
College Graduate	‑‑	4,723	‑‑	127	‑‑	4,596	‑‑	1,503	‑‑	3,093
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	‑‑	4,970	‑‑	402	‑‑	4,568	‑‑	2,585	‑‑	1,984
Part‑Time	‑‑	2,337	‑‑	332	‑‑	2,005	‑‑	800	‑‑	1,205
Unemployed	‑‑	1,065	‑‑	143	‑‑	922	‑‑	574	‑‑	348
Other¹	‑‑	14,192	‑‑	412	‑‑	13,780	‑‑	2,784	‑‑	10,996
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: High‑impact chronic pain is defined as having pain that limits work or life activities on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown high‑impact chronic pain data were excluded. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.43B – Had High‑Impact Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months; by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Demographic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	8.7	‑‑	3.6	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	6.5	‑‑	12.0
SEX
Male	‑‑	7.5	‑‑	2.8	‑‑	8.3	‑‑	5.4	‑‑	11.0
Female	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	4.5	‑‑	10.5	‑‑	7.6	‑‑	12.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	3.8	‑‑	10.1	‑‑	6.9	‑‑	12.6
AIAN	‑‑	8.8	‑‑	6.2	‑‑	9.2	‑‑	9.3	‑‑	9.2
Asian	‑‑	4.5	‑‑	2.0	‑‑	4.9	‑‑	2.0	‑‑	8.7
Black or African American	‑‑	7.4	‑‑	3.5	‑‑	8.1	‑‑	6.4	‑‑	9.8
NHPI	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	2.0	‑‑	10.5	‑‑	*	‑‑	*
White	‑‑	10.1	‑‑	4.1	‑‑	10.8	‑‑	7.6	‑‑	12.9
Two or More Races	‑‑	13.7	‑‑	4.5	‑‑	16.2	‑‑	8.6	‑‑	24.9
Hispanic or Latino	‑‑	5.6	‑‑	3.0	‑‑	6.2	‑‑	5.2	‑‑	7.8
EDUCATION LEVEL
< High School	‑‑	11.4	‑‑	5.6	‑‑	12.5	‑‑	9.6	‑‑	14.3
High School Graduate	‑‑	10.8	‑‑	3.7	‑‑	12.3	‑‑	8.2	‑‑	15.2
Some College/Associate’s Degree	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	3.7	‑‑	11.4	‑‑	9.1	‑‑	13.2
College Graduate	‑‑	5.2	‑‑	2.1	‑‑	5.4	‑‑	3.4	‑‑	7.5
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Full‑Time	‑‑	4.3	‑‑	3.0	‑‑	4.4	‑‑	3.9	‑‑	5.5
Part‑Time	‑‑	6.8	‑‑	3.5	‑‑	8.1	‑‑	7.0	‑‑	8.9
Unemployed	‑‑	7.9	‑‑	3.5	‑‑	9.8	‑‑	8.9	‑‑	11.7
Other¹	‑‑	14.7	‑‑	4.9	‑‑	15.6	‑‑	14.4	‑‑	16.0
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: High‑impact chronic pain is defined as having pain that limits work or life activities on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown high‑impact chronic pain data were excluded. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Includes students, people keeping house or caring for children full time, retired or disabled people, or other people not in the labor force. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.44A – Had High‑Impact Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Numbers in Thousands, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	22,565	‑‑	1,289	‑‑	21,275	‑‑	6,743	‑‑	14,533
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	‑‑	3,370	‑‑	196	‑‑	3,175	‑‑	1,002	‑‑	2,173
New England	‑‑	1,034	‑‑	48	‑‑	986	‑‑	253	‑‑	733
Middle Atlantic	‑‑	2,336	‑‑	148	‑‑	2,188	‑‑	749	‑‑	1,440
Midwest	‑‑	5,067	‑‑	352	‑‑	4,715	‑‑	1,326	‑‑	3,389
East North Central	‑‑	3,450	‑‑	287	‑‑	3,163	‑‑	953	‑‑	2,209
West North Central	‑‑	1,617	‑‑	65	‑‑	1,552	‑‑	372	‑‑	1,180
South	‑‑	8,715	‑‑	480	‑‑	8,235	‑‑	2,666	‑‑	5,569
South Atlantic	‑‑	4,692	‑‑	285	‑‑	4,407	‑‑	1,377	‑‑	3,030
East South Central	‑‑	1,517	‑‑	85	‑‑	1,432	‑‑	491	‑‑	941
West South Central	‑‑	2,506	‑‑	110	‑‑	2,396	‑‑	797	‑‑	1,598
West	‑‑	5,412	‑‑	262	‑‑	5,151	‑‑	1,749	‑‑	3,402
Mountain	‑‑	1,782	‑‑	113	‑‑	1,670	‑‑	482	‑‑	1,188
Pacific	‑‑	3,630	‑‑	149	‑‑	3,481	‑‑	1,267	‑‑	2,214
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	‑‑	10,783	‑‑	627	‑‑	10,156	‑‑	3,475	‑‑	6,681
Small Metro	‑‑	7,863	‑‑	491	‑‑	7,372	‑‑	2,245	‑‑	5,127
Nonmetro	‑‑	3,918	‑‑	171	‑‑	3,747	‑‑	1,023	‑‑	2,725
Urbanized	‑‑	1,487	‑‑	49	‑‑	1,438	‑‑	407	‑‑	1,031
Less Urbanized	‑‑	1,554	‑‑	87	‑‑	1,467	‑‑	395	‑‑	1,072
Completely Rural	‑‑	877	‑‑	35	‑‑	842	‑‑	220	‑‑	622
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	‑‑	6,131	‑‑	390	‑‑	5,741	‑‑	2,133	‑‑	3,608
100‑199%	‑‑	5,738	‑‑	371	‑‑	5,368	‑‑	1,639	‑‑	3,729
200% or More	‑‑	10,678	‑‑	512	‑‑	10,166	‑‑	2,970	‑‑	7,196
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	‑‑	9,451	‑‑	603	‑‑	8,847	‑‑	2,646	‑‑	6,202
Medicaid/CHIP	‑‑	8,011	‑‑	511	‑‑	7,501	‑‑	3,107	‑‑	4,394
Other³	‑‑	11,083	‑‑	95	‑‑	10,989	‑‑	1,466	‑‑	9,523
No Coverage	‑‑	1,175	‑‑	154	‑‑	1,021	‑‑	565	‑‑	456
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: High‑impact chronic pain is defined as having pain that limits work or life activities on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown high‑impact chronic pain data were excluded. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

260512

Table 8.44B – Had High‑Impact Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months: Among People Aged 18 or Older with Chronic Pain in Past 3 Months; by Age Group and Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Percentages, 2024 and 2025
Geographic/Socioeconomic Characteristic	Aged 18+ (2024)	Aged 18+ (2025)	Aged 18‑25 (2024)	Aged 18‑25 (2025)	Aged 26+ (2024)	Aged 26+ (2025)	Aged 26‑49 (2024)	Aged 26‑49 (2025)	Aged 50+ (2024)	Aged 50+ (2025)
TOTAL	‑‑	8.7	‑‑	3.6	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	6.5	‑‑	12.0
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Northeast	‑‑	7.4	‑‑	3.3	‑‑	8.1	‑‑	5.7	‑‑	10.0
New England	‑‑	8.5	‑‑	3.0	‑‑	9.3	‑‑	5.5	‑‑	12.3
Middle Atlantic	‑‑	7.1	‑‑	3.4	‑‑	7.6	‑‑	5.7	‑‑	9.2
Midwest	‑‑	9.5	‑‑	4.8	‑‑	10.3	‑‑	6.4	‑‑	13.4
East North Central	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	5.7	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	6.8	‑‑	12.6
West North Central	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	2.7	‑‑	10.9	‑‑	5.8	‑‑	15.2
South	‑‑	8.6	‑‑	3.5	‑‑	9.5	‑‑	6.7	‑‑	11.8
South Atlantic	‑‑	8.7	‑‑	4.1	‑‑	9.4	‑‑	6.6	‑‑	11.6
East South Central	‑‑	10.0	‑‑	4.0	‑‑	10.9	‑‑	8.4	‑‑	13.0
West South Central	‑‑	7.9	‑‑	2.3	‑‑	8.9	‑‑	6.0	‑‑	11.6
West	‑‑	8.8	‑‑	3.1	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	6.9	‑‑	12.4
Mountain	‑‑	8.9	‑‑	3.9	‑‑	9.8	‑‑	5.9	‑‑	13.3
Pacific	‑‑	8.8	‑‑	2.7	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	7.4	‑‑	11.9
COUNTY TYPE
Large Metro	‑‑	7.2	‑‑	3.1	‑‑	7.9	‑‑	5.6	‑‑	10.1
Small Metro	‑‑	9.7	‑‑	4.3	‑‑	10.6	‑‑	7.3	‑‑	13.1
Nonmetro	‑‑	12.9	‑‑	4.5	‑‑	14.1	‑‑	9.9	‑‑	16.8
Urbanized	‑‑	13.6	‑‑	3.4	‑‑	15.1	‑‑	10.2	‑‑	18.7
Less Urbanized	‑‑	12.6	‑‑	5.6	‑‑	13.6	‑‑	9.2	‑‑	16.5
Completely Rural	‑‑	12.4	‑‑	4.4	‑‑	13.4	‑‑	10.6	‑‑	14.8
POVERTY LEVEL¹
Less Than 100%	‑‑	14.5	‑‑	4.0	‑‑	17.6	‑‑	13.1	‑‑	22.1
100‑199%	‑‑	10.6	‑‑	4.4	‑‑	11.7	‑‑	8.0	‑‑	14.8
200% or More	‑‑	6.5	‑‑	3.0	‑‑	6.9	‑‑	4.4	‑‑	9.0
HEALTH INSURANCE²
Private	‑‑	6.1	‑‑	3.0	‑‑	6.6	‑‑	4.0	‑‑	8.9
Medicaid/CHIP	‑‑	16.1	‑‑	5.6	‑‑	18.6	‑‑	14.4	‑‑	23.3
Other³	‑‑	13.8	‑‑	3.6	‑‑	14.1	‑‑	16.6	‑‑	13.8
No Coverage	‑‑	5.0	‑‑	3.2	‑‑	5.5	‑‑	4.3	‑‑	8.7
* = low precision; ‑‑ = not available or not shown due to methodological or questionnaire changes; da = does not apply; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: High‑impact chronic pain is defined as having pain that limits work or life activities on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown high‑impact chronic pain data were excluded. NOTE: Chronic pain is defined as having pain on most days or every day. Respondents with unknown chronic pain data were excluded. ¹ Respondents aged 18 to 22 who were living in a college dormitory were excluded. ² Respondents could indicate multiple types of health insurance; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ³ Other health insurance is defined as having Medicare, military‐related health care, or any other type of health insurance. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2024 and 2025.

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