This online article introduces the concept of spirituality, explains how spirituality relates to trauma, identifies aspects of trauma most likely to affect spirituality, and suggests ways for spiritual and religious leaders and mental health care practitioners to support people with trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Links to additional information about PTSD are provided.

This study examined the psychological effects of quarantine via an online survey conducted with a convenience sample of 129 persons who were quarantined in Toronto, Canada, during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak.

This website provides a listing of publications and testimonies related to various behavioral health issues among military personnel.

ISTSS promotes advancement and exchange of knowledge about severe stress and trauma. This knowledge includes understanding the scope and consequences of traumatic exposure, preventing traumatic events and ameliorating their consequences, and advocating for the field of traumatic stress.

The authors assess the long-term psychological effects on civilians who were exposed to sulfur mustard gas. Many civilians reported emotional distress even 20 years after exposure.

The paper presents findings from a survey of health care workers at nine hospitals in Toronto, Canada, following the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Results showed that workers who treated SARS patients were more likely than other workers to experience long-term adverse outcomes, such as burnout, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress.

This review article discusses the evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions within the first month following any type of traumatic event. [Authors: McNally, R. J., Bryant, R. A., Ehlers, A.]

This 2-hour course covers the mental health effects disaster may have on survivors, including acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. It provides public health professionals with information about common mental health consequences of disasters, strategies in the immediate response to a disaster that can help with prevention of mental disorders, and public health approaches to post-disaster mental health.

This section of the website of the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is for professional researchers, mental health treatment practitioners, and others who focus in their work on helping people cope with trauma. The website brings together free, in-depth continuing education courses with topics ranging from PTSD in older adulthood to cross-cultural considerations to suicidality to resilience.

This article presents findings from a survey conducted with 153 civilians in three towns in Iran to examine the mental health effects on survivors after exposure to chemical warfare. [Citation: Hashemian F, Khoshnood K, Desai MM, Falahati F, Kasl S, Southwick S. Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in Iranian survivors of chemical warfare. JAMA. 2006 Aug 2;296(5):560-6.]

This web page provides an overview of the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and the risk factors that may make it more likely for children to develop PTSD. It also describes the signs of PTSD in children and adolescents and different techniques to treat PTSD.

This treatment manual for clinicians uses cognitive behavioral therapy for acute stress disorder.

This article reviews advances that have been made in research and experience after 9/11 that have led to the development of evidence-based and evidence-informed guidelines and strategies to support the design and implementation of public mental health programs after terrorism and disaster. [Authors: Watson, P.J., Brymer, M. J., and Bonanno, G. A.]

This website contains a wide range of information, publications, and resources on the topic of post-traumatic stress disorder.

This guide provides the details of Psychological First Aid (PFA), which it explains is "an evidence-informed modular approach to help children, adolescents, adults, and families in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism." PFA can be used by a range of people responding to disaster, including those who are not mental health professionals.

This online article reviews how family members can be affected by having a loved one with posttraumatic stress disorder. It discusses common reactions family members will have to a loved one’s traumatic experience and what professionals can do to help these families. [Authors: Carlson, E. B., & Ruzek, J.]

This article on the website of the National Center for PTSD discusses telemental health for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including individuals living in rural areas. It also analyzes the pros and cons of telemental health for patients with PTSD.

This webpage provides information on Prolonged Exposure therapy, which is a model designed to decrease distress from trauma.

This paper offers a statistical review of CISM [critical incident stress management] as an integrated multicomponent Intervention system. [Authors: Rose, S.C., Bisson, J., Churchchill, R., and Wessely, S.]

This document provides an overview of expected psychological and physical responses among survivors of a tsunami and ways to cope.

According to its website, the Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program provides clinical care and support services to New England-area service members, veterans, and families affected by combat- or deployment-related stress or traumatic brain injury.

The author discusses the re-traumatization that is possible among survivors of hurricanes who experience a subsequent hurricane. He presents common effects of a second disaster on people who have survived a similar one, suggests ways to prepare for these effects, and offers ways for journalists to help trauma survivors in their communities.

This manual provides guidance for prescribers, administrators, and program managers in pharmacological treatment of people with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and opioid use disorder. The manual also provides links to information about psychosocial interventions.

This handout describes how young children may respond to disasters and other crises and suggests ways for parents or other caregivers to interpret their behavior and support them in coping. The handout uses the acronym SAFETY to help readers remember the tips provided.

This article examines the effect of brief Interventions, including critical incident stress management, following the World Trade Center disaster. [Authors: Boscarino, J., Adams, R. and Figley, C.]