The paper presents findings from a survey of health care workers at nine hospitals in Toronto, Canada, following the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Results showed that workers who treated SARS patients were more likely than other workers to experience long-term adverse outcomes, such as burnout, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress.

This article reviews advances that have been made in research and experience after 9/11 that have led to the development of evidence-based and evidence-informed guidelines and strategies to support the design and implementation of public mental health programs after terrorism and disaster. [Authors: Watson, P.J., Brymer, M. J., and Bonanno, G. A.]

This guide provides the details of Psychological First Aid (PFA), which it explains is "an evidence-informed modular approach to help children, adolescents, adults, and families in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism." PFA can be used by a range of people responding to disaster, including those who are not mental health professionals.

This webpage provides information on Prolonged Exposure therapy, which is a model designed to decrease distress from trauma.

This paper offers a statistical review of CISM [critical incident stress management] as an integrated multicomponent Intervention system. [Authors: Rose, S.C., Bisson, J., Churchchill, R., and Wessely, S.]

This review article discusses the evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions within the first month following any type of traumatic event. [Authors: McNally, R. J., Bryant, R. A., Ehlers, A.]

This 2-hour course covers the mental health effects disaster may have on survivors, including acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. It provides public health professionals with information about common mental health consequences of disasters, strategies in the immediate response to a disaster that can help with prevention of mental disorders, and public health approaches to post-disaster mental health.

This section of the website of the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is for professional researchers, mental health treatment practitioners, and others who focus in their work on helping people cope with trauma. The website brings together free, in-depth continuing education courses with topics ranging from PTSD in older adulthood to cross-cultural considerations to suicidality to resilience.

The PTSD Coach app can be used by individuals who believe they may be suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as their families. It provides users with resources they can trust, including PTSD treatments that work. Features also include tools for tracking symptoms, tools for handling stress, and direct links to support and help.

This part of the website of the National Center for PTSD features materials for professionals to help them in working with older adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one possible consequence of disaster experiences. Resources include online information and courses about PTSD in older adults, PTSD that is co-occurring with other conditions that may arise in older adults, and prescribing practices for older veterans with PTSD.

This issue of the SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center’s research newsletter discusses reactions children and youth may have to a natural disaster. It also describes a variety of mental health issues and mental disorders that may occur, as well as substance use and misuse issues among adolescents, and risk and protective factors.

This article describes the reactions children may have after experiencing a catastrophic event, such as a natural disaster. It also describes what may put a child at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder, and the symptoms they may experience.

Although published in 2011, this article offers information that remains relevant about disaster planning for people with serious mental illness. The article discusses the importance of including people with mental illness in disaster preparedness and response, how people with mental illnesses may be more severely affected by disasters, and complications that can arise with care and medication during disasters.

This document can be used by emergency management and disaster planners to assist them in preparing for the movement of psychiatric patients during disasters. Included are the basic assumptions planning staff may have about psychiatric patients and moving them, as well as some considerations for both planners and providers.

This fact sheet can be used by anyone preparing for or responding to the mental health consequences of disasters.

This web page provides an overview of how a disaster or traumatic event may affect a person with serious mental illness (SMI) differently because of the way he or she experiences a disaster. It also offers information that suggests that people with SMI are more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following disasters than people without SMI.

Designed for law enforcement officers, this free online course describes common stressors in the line of duty and identifies ways to manage stress. The course highlights signs and symptoms of stress, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicidal thoughts that law enforcement officers may notice in themselves or their coworkers. It also provides information on where and how to seek additional help.

Designed for mental health professionals and researchers, this online fact sheet provides information about trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide. It presents suicide statistics, identifies types of trauma associated with increased risk of suicide (e.g., military sexual trauma), explores research on whether PTSD increases suicide risk, and highlights types of treatment for PTSD that may also lower risk for suicide.

This website provides information about trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for a variety of audiences.

Written for mental health and substance use disorder treatment professionals, this online article identifies stressors that affect disaster response workers, including physical hazards and risk of loss of coworkers and friends, and highlights mental health risks of work in rescue and response. The article also highlights protective factors and approaches to stress management that have gained traction and proven effective among responders.

This tip sheet describes how responding to acts of violence, civil unrest, or terrorism can affect responders. The tip sheet lists steps that leaders can take in support of the mental health and resilience of their teams, tips for workload and stress management, and signs of compassion fatigue and related issues.

This resource collection includes materials to help both mental health treatment professionals and first responders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resources address helping individuals manage stress during the pandemic, self-care, and approaches to assistance such as Psychological First Aid.

This article reviews research on the relationship between mass trauma, such as incidents of mass violence and terrorism, and suicide. The article covers research on the mental health effects of mass shootings, risk factors for suicidality and self-harm, and suicide clusters, as well as pointing out the need for more evidence on how to support survivors at highest risk of adverse mental health effects and suicidal behavior.

The Code Green Campaign is an organization focusing on first responders and their mental health. Their goal is to raise awareness of the high mental illness rates among first responders, and to provide education for first responders on a variety of topics. Their website links to several resources and trainings for first responders to learn more about taking care of their mental health.

This 75-minute webinar focuses on cultural sensitivity and race and how both affect research on posttraumatic stress disorder in children. These issues are explored in relation to research on Hurricane Katrina and African Americans.